Evolution Of Csi

The Enforcement Function Week Five

Transfer Theory 

Edmund Locard, a French Scientist developed the theory that contact between individuals or objects results in a transfer of material between them.

Trace Evidence        

Hair Fiber Glass Paint Dust Dirt Chemicals Firearms

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Fluids Blood Bite Marks Shoe Prints Tool Marks Wounds Documents Fingerprints

The First Major Systems of Personal Identification 

Anthropometery 

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exact measurements of an individuals body yields a characteristic formula for comparison.

Dactlography 

Fingerprints

Alphonse Bertillon and Dactylography

The West Brothers case is attributed to the ascendancy of fingerprints over other means of personal identification

A 1924 Act of Congress established the FBI Identification Division

By 1946 they had 100 Million Fingerprint cards

Henry Classification System

Automatic Fingerprint Identificatio n System

Lifting Prints • Plastic – Found in a soft surface like wax, paint or putty. • Visible – Contact with a wet fluid like blood. • Latent – Meaning “Hidden” These prints are left by the oils secreted by our hands and are generally not visible.

Dusting for Prints Powders have different properties, for instance color. Common colors are black, white, gray, aluminum, red, and gold. Color is selected to make the best contrast between the print and

Fuming There are several types of fuming, the most recent is “super glue fuming.” Super glue contains the chemical Cyanoacrylate. When heated this

Firearms Identification

Ballistics 

Class Characteristics are identified by lands.

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Individual Characteristics are identified by striations

National Integrated Ballistic Identification System In 1993, prior to NIBIN’s, the FBI (DRUGFIRE) and ATF (BULLETPROOF/CEASEFIRE) established separate computerized ballistics imaging systems. NIBIN was established in 1997 to unify these systems. There are currently over

Deoxyribonucleic Acid 

Knowledge of the structure of DNA began with the discovery of nucleic acids in 1869. That genes control the synthesis of enzymes was understood in the 1940s. In 1953, an accurate model of the DNA molecule was presented, thanks to the work of Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, and Francis Crick

Historical Evolution of Criminal Investigations