Crimson

Crimson Crimson is a strong, red color, inclining to purple. It originally

Crimson

meant the color of the kermes dye produced from a scale insect, Kermes vermilio, but the name is now sometimes also used as a

Color coordinates

generic term for slightly bluish-red colors that are between black and rose.

Hex triplet

#DC143C

sRGBB (r, g, b)

(220, 20, 60)

CMYKH (c, m, y, k) (0, 100, 100, 40)

Contents 1

History

2

Etymology

3

Dyes

4

Variations of crimson 4.1 American rose 4.2 Pink 4.3 Baker-Miller pink 4.4 Fandango pink 4.5 Radical red 4.6 Electric crimson 4.7 Folly 4.8 Alizarin crimson 4.9 Spanish crimson 4.10 Razzmatazz 4.11 IU Crimson 4.12 Chocolate Cosmos 4.13 KU Crimson 4.14 Utah crimson 4.15 Cardinal 4.16 Crimson glory 4.17 Oklahoma Crimson 4.18 Alabama Crimson 4.19 Harvard crimson 4.20 Red devil 4.21 Boston University Red 4.22 Worcester Polytechnic Institute Crimson

5

In nature 5.1 Algae 5.2 Birds

6

In culture 6.1 Food 6.2 Military 6.3 School colors 6.4 Vexillology

7

See also

8

References

9

External links

HSV

(h, s, v)

(348°, 91%, 86%)

Source

HTML/CSS[1]

Crimson #DC143C

B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Electric Crimson Color coordinates Hex triplet

#FF003F

sRGBB

(255, 0, 63)

(r, g, b)

CMYKH (c, m, y, k) (0, 100, 75, 0) HSV Source

(h, s, v)

(345°, 100%, 100%) [Unsourced]

B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

History Crimson (NR4) is produced using the dried bodies of the kermes insect, which were gathered commercially in Mediterranean countries, where they live on the kermes oak, and sold throughout Europe.[2] Kermes dyes have been found in burial wrappings in Anglo-Scandinavian York. They fell out of use with the introduction of cochineal, because although the dyes were comparable in quality and color intensity it needed ten to twelve times as much kermes to produce the same fect ef as cochineal. Carmine is the name given to the dye made from the dried bodies of the female cochineal, although the name crimson is sometimes applied to these dyes too. Cochineal appears to have been brought to Europe during the conquest of Mexico by the Spaniard Hernán Cortés, and the name 'carmine' is derived from the French carmin. It was first described by Mathioli in 1549. The pigment is also called cochineal after the insect from which it is made. Alizarin (PR83) is a pigment that was first synthesized in 1868 by the German chemists Carl Gräbe and Carl Liebermann and replaced the natural pigment madder lake. Alizarin crimson is a dye bonded onto alum which is then used as a pigment and mixed with ochre, sienna and umber. It is not totally colorfast.

Etymology The word crimson has been recorded in English since 1400,[3] and its earlier forms include cremesin, crymysyn and cramoysin (cf. cramoisy, a crimson cloth). These were adapted via Old Spanish from the Medieval Latin cremesinus (also kermesinus or carmesinus), the dye produced from Kermes scale insects, and can be traced back to Arabic qermez ("red"), also borrowed in Turkish kırmızı and many other languages, e.g. German Karmesin, Italian cremisi, French cramoisi, Portuguese carmesim, etc. (via Latin). The ultimate source may be Sanskritकृिमज kṛmi-jā meaning "worm-made".[4] A shortened form of carmesinus also gave the Latin carminus, from which comes carmine. Other cognates include the Persian qermez (or ghermez) "red", Old Church Slavonic čruminu, archaic Russian чермный (čermnyj), and Serbo-Croatian crven "red". Cf. also vermilion.

Dyes Carmine dyes, which give crimson and related red and purple colors, are based on an aluminium and calcium salt of carminic acid. Carmine lake is an aluminium or aluminium-tin lake of cochineal extract, and crimson lake is prepared by striking down an infusion of cochineal with a 5 percent solution of alum and cream of tartar. Purple lake is prepared like carmine lake with the addition of lime to produce the deep purple tone. Carmine dyes tend to fade quickly .

Carminic acid

Carmine dyes were once widely prized in both the Americas and in Europe. They were used in paints by Michelangelo and for the crimson fabrics of the Hussars, the Turks, the British Redcoats, and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Nowadays carmine dyes are used for coloring foodstuffs, medicines and cosmetics. As a food additive in the European Union, carmine dyes are designated E120, and are also called cochineal and Natural Red 4. Carmine dyes are also used in some oil paints and watercolors used by artists.

Variations of crimson American rose

American rose

The color American rose is displayed on the right.

Color coordinates Hex triplet

#ff033e

sRGBB

(255, 3, 62)

(r, g, b)

CMYKH (c, m, y, k) (0, 99, 76, 0) HSV

(h, s, v)

(346°, 99%, 100%) [5]

Source

B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Pink The color pink is displayed on the right.

Pink

The color pink has a hue code of 350, placing it directly within the range of

Color coordinates

crimson colors. Thus, the color "pink" is actually a paletint of crimson.

Hex triplet

#FFC0CB

sRGBB (r, g, b) (255, 192, 203) HSV

(h, s, v) (350°, 25%, 100%)

Source

X11 color names[6] HTML/CSS[7]

B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Baker-Miller pink The color Baker-Miller Pink is displayed on the right.

Baker-Miller Pink

Baker-Miller Pink was formulated in 1979. With a hue code of 344, "Baker-Miller Pink" is within the range of crimson colors and may be considered a light tone of crimson.

Color coordinates Hex triplet

#FF91AF

sRGBB

(255, 145, 175)

(r, g, b)

CMYKH (c, m, y, k) (0, 43, 31, 0) HSV

(h, s, v)

Source

(344°, 43%, 100[8]%) Internet

B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Fandango pink The color fandango pink is displayed on the right.

Fandango Pink

The color fandango pink, with a hue code of 342, is within the range of

Color coordinates

crimson colors and is a bright tone of crimson.

Hex triplet

#DE5285

sRGBB (r, g, b)

(222, 82, 133)

The source of this color is the "Pantone Textile Paper eXtended (TPX)" color

CMYKH (c, m, y, k) (0, 63, 40, 13)

list, color #17-2033 TPX—Fandango Pink.[11]

HSV

(h, s, v)

(342°, 63%, 87[9]%) Pantone TPX[10]

Source

B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Radical red The Crayola crayon color radical red is displayed on the right.

Radical Red

The color radical red was formulated by Crayola in 1990.

Color coordinates

This color is supposed to be fluorescent, but there is no mechanism for displaying fluorescence on a computer screen. With a hue code of 348, this color is within the range of crimson colors and may be regarded as a vivid tone of crimson.

Hex triplet

#FF355E

sRGBB (r, g, b)

(255, 53, 94)

CMYKH (c, m, y, k) (0, 79, 63, 0) HSV

(h, s, v)

(348°, 79%, 100%)

Source

Crayola

B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Electric crimson The color electric crimson is displayed on the right.

Electric Crimson

Electric crimson is the tone of crimson which is precisely halfway

Color coordinates

between red and rose on the color wheel. In the 1930 book A Dictionary of Color, the color crimson is shown as lying halfway between red and

Hex triplet

#FF003F

rose.[13]

sRGBB (r, g, b)

(255, 0, 63)

CMYKH (c, m, y, k) (0, 100, 75, 0) HSV

(h, s, v)

Source

(345°, 100%, 100[12]%) Maerz and Paul

B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Folly The color folly is displayed on the right.

Folly

Folly is a color one-fourth of the way between crimson and rose, closer to

Color coordinates

crimson than to rose. The first recorded use of folly as a color name in English was in 1920.[15]

Hex triplet

#FF004F

sRGBB (r, g, b)

(255, 0, 79)

CMYKH (c, m, y, k) (0, 100, 69, 0) HSV Source

(h, s, v)

(341°, 100%, 100[14]%) Maerz and Paul

B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Alizarin crimson Alizarin crimson is an artificially created color, used to replace the harder to

Alizarin crimson

obtain rose madder.

Color coordinates Hex triplet

#E32636

sRGBB (r, g, b)

(227, 38, 54)

CMYKH HSV

(c, m, y, k) (0, 83, 76, 11) (h, s, v)

Source

(-5°, 83%, 89%) Universalium

B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Spanish crimson Spanish crimson is the color that is called Carmesi (the Spanish word for

Crimson (G&S)

"crimson") in the Guía de coloraciones (Guide to colorations) by Rosa Gallego and Juan Carlos Sanz, a color dictionary published in 2005 that is widely popular in the Hispanophone realm.

Color coordinates Hex triplet

#E51A4C

sRGBB (r, g, b)

(229, 26, 76)

CMYKH (c, m, y, k) (0, 95, 55, 0) HSV

(h, s, v)

Source

(345°, 89%, 90%) Gallego and Sanz[16]

B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Razzmatazz The color razzmatazz is displayed on the right.

Razzmatazz

This color is a rich tone of crimson-rose. Razzmatazz was a new Crayola crayon color chosen in 1993 as a part of the Name The New Colors Contest.

Color coordinates Hex triplet

#E3256B

sRGBB

(227, 37, 107)

(r, g, b)

CMYKH (c, m, y, k) (0, 84, 53, 11) HSV Source

(h, s, v)

(338°, 84%, 89[17]%) Crayola

B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

IU Crimson IU Crimson, along with cream, is an official color for

IU Crimson

Indiana University and its athletic teams, the Indiana Hoosiers. The official IU Crimson is Pantone® 201.[18] However, in the 1970s former basketball coach Bob

Hex triplet

#7D110C

uniforms that were more scarlet or bright red.[19]

sRGBB (r, g, b)

(125, 17, 12)

During the same time, cream gave way almost

CMYKH (c, m, y, k) (0, 100, 65, 34)

universally to white. But those colors reverted mostly

HSV

Knight and football coach Lee Corso started using

Logo of Indiana University Bloomington

Color coordinates

to cream and crimson in the early 2000s, after thenathletics director Michael McNeely decided that the team uniforms needed to reflect the school's official

colors of cream and crimson. Indiana cheerleaders still chant "Go Big Red".[19] The changes over the years has led to some clashing of colors in some varsity

(h, s, v)

Source

(3°, 90.4%, 49%) IU Brand Guidelines

B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

sport uniforms, as is the case with the baseball team's jackets being a different color than their caps and uniforms.[19] Athletic Director Fred Glass said, "My view is that we're an awfully big and diverse place. I [19] think cream and crimson and 'Go Big Red' can survive in one place."

Chocolate Cosmos Cholocalate cosmos, or red cosmos is the color of Cosmos atrosanguineus

Chocolate Cosmos

species.[20]

Color coordinates

The color is richly described as dark red, deep crimson color, deeper burgundy, deep red chocolate, as darkhazelnut and velvety maroon.

Hex triplet

#58111a

sRGBB (r, g, b)

(88, 17, 26)

CMYKH (c, m, y, k) (0, 81, 70, 65) HSV

(h, s, v)

Source

(352°, 80%, 34%) Internet

B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Chocolate flower

KU Crimson KU Crimson, along with blue, is an official color for the University of Kansas

KU Crimson

and its athletic teams, the Kansas Jayhawks. The color is referenced in the school's alma mater.[21] While not an original color of the school, Crimson was suggested to honor a Harvard graduate who donated money for an athletic field at the school.[21]

Color coordinates Hex triplet

#E8000D

sRGBB (r, g, b)

(232, 0, 13)

CMYKH (c, m, y, k) (0, 100, 80, 5) HSV Source

(h, s, v)

(-3°, 100%, 91%) KU Visual

Identity B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Utah crimson Displayed at right is the color Utah crimson,

the

color

which

Utah Crimson

is

symbolic of the University of Utah. Logo of the University of Utah

Color coordinates

Of all the universities that list crimson as an official color, the University of Utah is closest to the

Hex triplet

#CC0000

sRGBB (r, g, b)

(204, 0, 0)

web color crimson (RGB 204, 0, 0).

CMYKH (c, m, y, k) (0, 100, 79, 20)

The school's athletic booster organization is called the Crimson Club.[22]

HSV

(h, s, v)

Source

(0°, 100%, 80%) University Color Palette– University of Utah

B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Cardinal The color cardinal is displayed on the right.

Cardinal

The first recorded use of cardinal as a color name in English was in the year

Color coordinates

1698.[24] With a hue code of 350, the color "cardinal" may be considered a shade of crimson.

Hex triplet

#C41E3A

sRGBB (r, g, b)

(196, 30, 58)

CMYKH (c, m, y, k) (0, 85, 70, 23) HSV Source

(h, s, v)

(350°, 85%, 77%) Maerz and Paul[23]

B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Crimson glory The color crimson glory is displayed on the right. It is a medium shade of crimson. The color is a representation of the color of the flowers of thecrimson glory vine. The first use of crimson glory as a color name in English was in 1948 when thePlochere Color System was inaugurated. The source of the color name crimson glory is the Plochere Color System, a color system formulated in 1948 that is widely used by interior designers.[26]

Crimson Glory Color coordinates Hex triplet

#BE0032

sRGBB (r, g, b)

(190, 0, 50)

CMYKH (c, m, y, k) (0, 100, 74, 26) The ornamental grapecrimson glory vine autumn colors

HSV

(h, s, v)

Source

(344°, 100%, 75[25]%) Plochere

B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Oklahoma Crimson Oklahoma Crimson and Oklahoma Cream are the

Oklahoma Crimson

official colors for the University of Oklahoma, and its athletic teams, known as the Sooners. In the fall of 1895, Miss May Overstreet was asked to chair a Logo of the University of Oklahoma

Color coordinates Hex triplet

#841617

committee decided the colors should be crimson and

sRGBB (r, g, b)

(132, 22, 23)

cream and an elaborate display of the colors was

CMYKH (c, m, y, k) (0, 100, 65, 34)

draped above a platform before the student body .[27]

HSV

committee to select the colors of the university. The

(h, s, v)

Source

(-1°, 83.3%, 51.8%) Brand Colors - Print & Web–University of Oklahoma

B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Alabama Crimson Alabama Crimson, along with

Alabama Crimson

white, is an official color for the University of Alabama and its athletic teams,

the

Alabama

Crimson Tide. The specification provided

by

the

office

of

Hex triplet

#9E1B32

sRGBB (r, g, b)

(158, 27, 50)

university relations refers to the

CMYKH (c, m, y, k) (25, 100, 79, 20)

Pantone Matching System, color

HSV

PMS 201.[28][29][30] Logo of the University of Alabama athletics teams

Color coordinates

There are different versions of the origin of the nickname "Crimson Tide." The football team was originally called the Crimson

White. The first nickname newspapers used was The Thin Red Line. Hugh

Source

(h, s, v)

(-11°, 82.9%, 62%) Graphic Standards 2015-2016– University of Alabama

B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Roberts of the Birmingham Age-Herald is credited with being the first to use the term Crimson Tide in 1907 when Alabama tied a heavily favored Alabama Polytechnic Institute (Auburn) 6-6. The game was played in heavy rain and the field was red mud. The Thin Red Line was equal to the task and became the Crimson iTde.[31]

Harvard crimson The color Harvard crimson is displayed on the

Harvard Crimson

right, and is symbolic of Harvard University.

Color coordinates

The first recorded use of Harvard crimson as a color name in English was in 1928.[33] Logo of Harvard University

Hex triplet

#A51C30

sRGBB (r, g, b)

(165, 28, 48)

CMYKH (c, m, y, k) (7, 94, 65, 25) HSV

(h, s, v)

Source

(351°, 83%, 65[32]%) Harvard

B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Red devil The color red devil is displayed on the right.

Red Devil

The color name red devil for this dark tone of crimson has been in use since

Color coordinates

2001, when it was promulgated as one of the colors on the Xona.com Color List.

Hex triplet

#860111

sRGBB (r, g, b)

(134, 1, 17)

CMYKH (c, m, y, k) (0, 99, 87, 48) HSV

(h, s, v)

Source

(353°, 99%, 53[34]%) Xona.com Color List

B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Boston University Red Boston University Red, a shade of red, is one of the official colors of Boston University.[35][36]

Boston University Red Color coordinates Hex triplet

#CC0000

sRGBB (r, g, b)

(204, 0, 0)

CMYKH HSV Source

(c, m, y, k) (0, 100, 75, 4) (h, s, v)

(0°, 100%, 40%) BU Colors

B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Worcester Polytechnic InstituteCrimson Worcester Polytechnic Institute Crimson, a shade of red, is one of the official colors of Worcester Polytechnic Institute.[37]

Worcester Polytechnic Institute Crimson Color coordinates Hex triplet

#AC2B37

sRGBB (r, g, b)

(172, 43, 55)

CMYKH (c, m, y, k) (7, 100, 82, 26) HSV

(h, s, v)

Source

(354.42°, 75%, 67.45%) WPI Logo Usage

B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

In nature Algae The crimson tide which sometimes occurs on beaches is caused by a type of algae known as Karenia brevis.

Birds The coxscomb of a rooster is a deep crimson color The crimson sunbird is the national bird of Singapore

In culture Literature In George R.R. Martin's series A Song Of Ice and Fire, crimson is the family color of House Lannister

Nobility The King's Royal Hussarsstill wear crimson trousers as successors to the 11th Hussars (the "Cherrypickers") In Polish, karmazyn (crimson) is a synonym for amagnate, i.e., a member of the rich, highnobility

Religion [38] In texts of the Bahá'í Faith, crimson stands for tests and sacrifice, among other things

Food Rhubarb is sometimes poetically referred to ascrimson stalks.[39][40]

Military In the United States Army, crimson is the color of theOrdnance Corps.

School colors Multiple Greek letter organizationsuse crimson as one of their official colors:Delta Sigma Theta (ΔΣΘ), Kappa Alpha Psi (ΚΑΨ), and Kappa Alpha Order (ΚΑ). Crimson is the school color of several universities, including:University of Kansas, Harvard University, Indiana University, Korea University, New Mexico State University, Saint Joseph's University, Tuskegee University, University of Alabama, University of Belgrano, University of Denver, University of Mississippi, University of Nebraska at Omaha, University of Oklahoma, University of Utah, Washington State University, and Worcester Polytechnic Institute The daily newspaper at Harvard isThe Harvard Crimson The daily newspaper at Alabama is calledThe Crimson White Harvard's athletic teams are theCrimson, and those of the University of Alabama are the Crimson Tide

Vexillology Crimson is the national color ofNepal and forms the background of the country's flag,[41] and it also appears on the flag of Poland as well as being the main color on the flag ofChina

See also List of colors Amaranth (color) Ruby (color) Scarlet List of national symbols of Nepal Red dye insects: Armenian cochineal Polish cochineal

References This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Crimson". Encyclopædia Britannica(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. Etymology OnLine 1. W3C CSS3 Color Module(http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#crimson) 2. Naturenet article with images and description ofKermes vermilio and its foodplant (http://www.naturenet.net/blogs/20 09/01/the-prickly-question-of-oak-leaves/) 3. The first recorded use ofcrimson as a color name in English was in 1400 according to the following book: Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930--McGraw Hill Page 193; Color Sample of Crimson: Page 31 Plate 4 Color Sample K6 4. "American Heritage Dictionary", s.v. Kermes; also Kluge, "Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache", s.v . Karmesin, et al. 5. [http://www.colorhexa.com/ff033e American rose / #ff033e hex color 6. X11 rgb.txt (http://cvsweb.xfree86.org/cvsweb/*checkout*/xc/programs/rgb/rgb.txt?rev=1.1) Archived (https://web.arc hive.org/web/20080502201401/http://cvsweb.xfree86.org/cvsweb/%2Acheckout%2A/xc/programs/rgb/rgb.txt?rev=1. 1) May 2, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.. XFree86. (February 1994). Retrieved on 16 September 2008. 7. W3C TR CSS3 Color Module, HTML4 color keywords(http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#html4). W3C. (May 2003). Retrieved on 16 September 2008. 8. web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code #FF91AF (Baker-Miller Pink):(http://web.forret.com/tools/colo r.asp?RGB=%23FF91AF) 9. web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #DE5285 (Fandango Pink):(http://web.forret.com/tool s/color.asp?RGB=%23DE5285)

10. Type the words "Fandango Pink" into the indicated window on the Pantone Color Finder and the color will appear . 11. Pantone TPX Pantone Color Finder--Type the words "Fandango Pink" into the indicated window on the Pantone Color Finder and the color will appear:(http://www.pantone.com/pages/pantone/colorfinder.aspx) 12. web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #FF003F (Electric Crimson):(http://web.forret.com/too ls/color.asp?RGB=%23FF003F) 13. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930--McGraw Hill The color sample for the color crimson, indicated in the index on page 193, and displayed on Page 31, Plate 4, Color Sample K6, is indicated as lying halfway between red and rose. In modern color terminology inpsychedelic art, the adjective "electric" indicates the brightest possible tone of or a very bright tone of a color . 14. web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color # FF004F (Folly):(http://web.forret.com/tools/color.as p?RGB=%23FF004F) 15. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930--McGraw Hill Page 195; Color Sample of Folly: Page 27 Plate 2 Color Sample J6; on the upper half of Plate 2, the color Folly is shown as being one-fourth of the way between crimson and rose, closer to crimson than to rose. 16. Gallego, Rosa; Sanz, Juan Carlos (2005).Guía de coloraciones (Gallego, Rosa; Sanz, Juan Carlos (2005).Guide to Colorations) Madrid: H. Blume. ISBN 84-89840-31-8 17. web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #E3256B (Razzmatazz):(http://web.forret.com/tools/c olor.asp?RGB=%23E3256B) 18. "Traditions: About IU" (http://www.iub.edu/about/traditions.shtml). Indiana University. Retrieved April 2, 2012. 19. "IU fan wants school's colors to return to red"(http://www.courierpress.com/news/2011/jan/16/iu-fan-wants-schools-c olors-return-red/). Courier & Press. January 16, 2011. Retrieved April 2, 2012. 20. Amamiya, K., & Iwashina, T. (2016). Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Flower Pigments in Chocolate Cosmos, Cosmos atrosanguineus, and its Hybrids. Natural product communications, 11(1), 77-78. 21. School Colors - University of Kansas - Traditions (http://www.kuathletics.com/sports/2013/6/21/GEN_0621134707.as px#School%20Colors) 22. University of Utah Crimson Club:(http://www.crimsonclub.utah.edu/aboutus_what_is.html) 23. The color displayed in the color box above matches the color calledcardinal in the 1930 book by Maerz and PaulA Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the colorcardinal is displayed on page 33, Plate 5, Color Sample L5. 24. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 192; Color Sample of Cardinal: Page 33 Plate 5 Color Sample L5 25. web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #BE0032 (Crimson Glory):(http://web.forret.com/tool s/color.asp?RGB=%23BE0032) 26. Plochere Color System:(http://colors.bravo9.com/nbs-iscc-p-plochere-color-system/list/all/)Archived (https://web.arc hive.org/web/20100821120555/http://colors.bravo9.com/nbs-iscc-p-plochere-color-system/list/all/) August 21, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. 27. Sooner Tradition - Crimson & Cream(http://www.soonersports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?ATCLID=208806140) 28. "8-oz. #CFB-142D NCAA University of Alabama Crimson Interior Paint Sample" (http://www.homedepot.com/p/Glidd en-Team-Colors-8-oz-CFB-142D-NCAA-University-of-Alabama-Crimson-Interior-Paint-Sample-GLD-CFB142D-16/20 3755605). Home Depot. Retrieved 22 Jun 2015. 29. "Alabama Crimson" (http://colors.findthedata.com/l/700/Alabama-Crimson) . Find the Data. Retrieved 22 Jun 2015. 30. "What Color is Crimson?"(http://desktoppub.about.com/od/choosingcolors/f/What-Color-Is-Crimson.htm) . About.com. Retrieved 22 Jun 2015. 31. "Alabama Crimson Tide - History" (http://www.collegefootballhistory.com/alabama/history.htm). collegefootballhistory.com. Retrieved 22 Jun 2015. 32. web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #A51C30 (Harvard Crimson):(http://web.forret.com/to ols/color.asp?RGB=%23A51C30) 33. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930--McGraw Hill Page 196; Color Sample of Harvard Crimson: Page 33 Plate 5 Color Sample J6 34. web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code #860111 (Red Devil):(http://web.forret.com/tools/color.asp?R GB=%23860111)

35. "Boston University Red / Virgin Media / #cc0000 / #c00 Hex Color Code"(http://encycolorpedia.com/cc0000). http://encycolorpedia.com/. Retrieved 22 Jun 2015. External link in |website= (help) 36. "#CC0000 Hex Color" (http://kolorwheel.com/cc0000.html). http://kolorwheel.com/. Retrieved 22 Jun 2015. External link in |website= (help) 37. "WPILogoUsage_QuickReferenceGuide.pdf"(https://www.wpi.edu/sites/default/files/docs/Offices/Marketing-Commu nications/WPILogoUsage_QuickReferenceGuide.pdf)(PDF). https://www.wpi.edu/sites/default/files/docs/Offices/MarketingCommunications/WPILogoUsage_QuickReferenceGuide.pdf . Retrieved 20 Mar 2017. External link in |website= (help) 38. Taherzadeh, Adib (1992). The Covenant of Bahá'u'lláh. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. p. 162.ISBN 0-85398-344-5. 39. Rhubarb —the crimson stalks--rhubarb recipes:(http://chezdanisse.blogspot.com/2010/04/crimson-stalks.html) 40. Rhubarb plants—the crimson stalks:(http://www.henryfields.com/category/rhubarb_plants) 41. Flag of Nepal-2nd line

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