Conditional Sentences.docx

Conditional Sentences

Conditional Sentence Conditional Sentence (=Kalimat pengandaian) adalah kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang mungkin terjadi atau mungkin tidak terjadi seperti yang diharapkan. Conditional sentence terdiri dari dua klausa, yaitu: Main Clause (Induk Kalimat) dan IF Clause. Letak main clause bisa di depan maupun di belakang IF Clause. Perbedaan letak ini tidak mempengaruhi arti. Ada beberapa tipe Conditional Sentence, yaitu:  Type I: Future Conditional 

Type II: Present Conditional



Type III: Past Conditional

1 Type I: Future Conditional Kalimat ini mengungkapkan kejadian yang diharapkan akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang dan memiliki kemungkinan untuk terjadi. Pola kalimat:

If + S + Verb (present), S + will + Verb1 Kalimat 1 Kalimat 2 Contoh: 1.

If I have enough time, I will visit him.

(mean: I may have enough time, I may visit him) 1. I will go to the beach if my father gives me permission. ( mean: Perhaps, I go to the beach, my father permit me) 1. We will wait if you want to join us. (mean: Perhaps, we wait, you probably want to join us) 1. If you study hard, you will pass the final exam. (mean: Perhaps, you study hard, you may pass the final exam) 1. If he wins the competition, they will give him a gold medal. (mean: Perhaps, he win the competition, they may give him gold medal) 2 Type II: Present Conditional Kalimat ini menyatakan peristiwa yang diharapkan terjadi sekarang tetapi tidak terjadi. Pola kalimat:

If + S + Verb 2 / were, Kalimat 1 Contoh: 1.

S + would + Verb1 Kalimat 2

If she visited me, I would give him money.

(mean: She doesn’t visit me, so I don’t give her money.) 1. If I had enough time, I would go swimming. (mean: I don’t have enough time, so I don’t go swimming.) 1. If you were a flower, I would be a bee. (mean: You are not a flower, I am not a bee.) 1. If Agnes Monica were my girlfriend, I would be the happiest boy in the world. (mean: Agnes Monica is not my girlfriend, so I am not the happiest boy in the world) Catatan: Pada tipe ini, to be untuk semua subyek pada IF clause adalah WERE.

3 Type III: Past Conditional Kalimat ini menyatakan peristiwa yang diharapkan terjadi di waktu lampau, tetapi tidak terjadi. Pola kalimat:

If + S + had + Verb 3, S + would have + Verb 3 Kalimat 1 Kalimat 2 Contoh: 1.

If she had studied hard, she would have passed the final exam.

(mean: She didn’t study hard, so she didn’t pass the final exam.) 1. If the team had played well, it would have won the competition. (mean: The didn’t play well, so the team didn’t win the competition) 1. If Britney Spears had been here, I would have been very happy. (mean: Britney was not here, so I was not very happy.) 1. If you had come to my house, you would have met me. (mean: You didn’t come to my house, so you didn’t meet me.)

Pengertian Conditional Sentence Conditional Sentence adalah kalimat bersyarat atau sering juga disebut dengan kalimat pengandaian . Kalimat Pengandaian maksudnya kalimat yang digunakan untuk mengandai-andai akan suatu kegiatan atau tindakan apabila syaratnya terpenuhi. Namun, pengandaiannya dapat saja terjadi atau tidak dapat terjadi tergantung dari syarat yang diajukannya. Dalam Bahasa Inggris terdapat tiga jenis Pengandaian, yaitu: Probable Condition Improbable Condition Impossible Condition 1. PROBABLE CONDITION Probable Condition sering juga disebut dengan “ Present Real Conditional ” atau “ Tipe I ” sebab suatu peristiwa mungkin saja akan terjadi jika syaratnya terpenuhi. Tipe ini menjelaskan bahwa suatu kegiatan atau aktivitas di masa yang akan datang akan terlaksana jika persyaratannya dipenuhi. Tipe I ini dibagi lagi atas: a. Pengandaian di masa yang akan datang Pola Kalimat: If Kalimat Present Simple Tense, Kalimat Future Simple Tense, Atau Kalimat Future Simple Tense if Kalimat Present Simple Tense Contoh: If I have a lot of money, I’ll buy a car. (Jika aku punya banyak uang, saya akan membeli sebuah mobil) If he runs quickly, he will get there soon. (Jika dia berlari dengan cepat, maka dia akan sampai disana segera)

I will visit them if I have enough time. (Saya akan mengunjungi mereka jika saya punya waktu) b. Kebenaran Umum/Kebiasaan Sehari-hari Jenis ini biasanya disebut dengan “ Zero Conditional “. Tipe ini berfungsi untuk memberikan penjelasan tentang suatu kegiatan yang pasti akan terjadi jika syaratnya terpenuhi. Pola Kalimat: When Kalimat Present Simple Tense, Kalimat Present Tense, Atau Kalimat Present Tense when Kalimat Present Simple Tense Contoh: When ice is heated, it melts. (Ketika es dipanaskan, maka es itu akan meleleh) Susan walks to school when she has enough time. (Susan berjalan kaki ke sekolah ketika dia memiliki banyak waktu) When water is frozen, it freezes. (Ketika air dibekukan, maka air pasti akan membeku) c. Kalimat Perintah Pola Kalimat: If Kalimat Present Simple Tense, Kalimat Perintah, Atau Kalimat Perintah if Kalimat Present Simple Tense Contoh: If you go to the Post Office, please mail this letter. (Jika kamu pergi ke Kantor Pos, tolong poskan surat ini) Don’t come here if you can’t. (Jangan datang kemari jika kamu tidak bisa) Please call me if Ed phones me. (Tolong panggil saya jika Edi menelpon saya) CATATAN: “if” dan “when” digunakan dalam Real Conditional . “if” digunakan untuk menjelaskan tentang sesuatu yang jarang terjadi, sedangkan “when” digunakan untuk menjelaskan tentang kejadian yang sudah biasa atau sering terjadi. MODALS LAINNYA Modal Auxiliary lainnya yang dapat digunakan pada Tipe Conditional ini adalah can, shall, dan may. Contoh: If I bring the book, you can borrow it. (Jika saya membawa buku itu, kamu boleh meminjamnya) You shall make the report if you face the problem.

(Kamu harus membuat laporan jika ada masalah) If the teacher does not come, you may go home. (Jika gurunya tidak datang, kalian boleh pulang) 2. IMPROBABLE CONDITION Improbable Condition sering juga disebut dengan “ Present Unreal Conditonal ” atau “ Tipe II “. Pengandaian ini digunakan untuk menjelaskan bahwa suatu pekerjaan atau kegiatan pada saat ini mungkin akan dilakukan jika persyaratannya dipenuhi. Pola Kalimat: If Kalimat Past Simple Tense, Kalimat Past Future Simple Tense, ATAU Kalimat Past Future Simple Tense if Kalimat Past Simple Tense Contoh: He would come if you invited him. (Dia akan datang jika kamu mengundangnya) What would you do if She came here? (Apa yang akan kamu lakukan jika dia datang kemari?) She would help you if you told her the truth. (Dia akan menolongmu jika kamu menceritakan kebenarannya) WERE Pada pengandaian Tipe ini, semua subjek menggunakan “were”. Contoh: If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky. (Jika saya seekor burung, saya akan terbang di angkasa) I would forgive him If I were you. (Saya akan memaafkannya jika saya jadi kamu) She said that she would stay at home if she were me. (Dia berkata bahwa dia akan tetap berada di rumah jika dia menjadi saya) PENGHILANGAN IF Pada tipe ini, kata “ if ” dapat kita hilangkan. Dan sebagai penggantinya, kita letakkan “ were ” atau “ should ” di awal kalimat. Contoh: Should I invite her, she might be here. (Jika saya mengundangnya, dia mungkin ada di sini) Were I not busy, I would accompany you. (Seandainya saya tidak sibuk, saya akan menemanimu) Were she at home, they would visit her.

(Seandainya dia ada di rumah, maka mereka akan mengunjunginya) CATATAN: Pada tipe ini kita tidak menggunakan “ when ” karena karena kita sedang membicarakan sesuatu yang tidak nyata atau hanya sebatas imajenasi belaka. “When” tidak bisa digunakan. Contoh: I would buy that computer when it were cheaper. SALAH (Saya akan membeli komputer itu ketika harganya lebih murah) I would buy that computer if it were cheaper. BENAR (Saya akan membeli komputer itu jika harganya lebih murah) MODALS LAINNYA Modal Auxiliary lainnya yang dapat digunakan adalah could, might dan should pada tipe Conditional ini. Contoh: If I brought the book, you could borrow it. (Jika saya membawa buku itu, kamu boleh meminjamnya) You should make the report if you faced the problem. (Kamu harus membuat laporan jika ada masalah) If the teacher did not come, you might go home. (Jika gurunya tidak datang, kalian boleh pulang) 3. IMPOSSIBLE CONDITIONAL Impossible Conditional atau sering disebut dengan “Past Unreal Conditional ” atau “Tipe III” ini menyatakan suatu pengandaian yang tidak mungkin lagi akan terjadi sebab kejadiannya sudah berlalu. Tipe ini biasanya berisikan penyesalan akan apa yang telah terjadi dimasa lampau. Pola Kalimat: If Kalimat Past Perfect Tense, Kalimat Past Perfect Tense, ATAU Kalimat Past Perfect Tense if Kalimat Past Perfect Tense Contoh: If we had known you were there last year, we would have written you a letter. (Kalau kami tahu kamu ada disana tahun lalu, kami akan menyuratimu) He could have come here if you had invited him yesterday. (Dia akan datang jika kamu telah mengundangnya kemarin) They might have employed me if I had had work experience. (Mereka mungkin akan mempekerjakan saya jika saya punya pengalaman) PENGHILANGAN IF Pada tipe ini, kita juga bisa menghilangkan “ if ” dengan cara meletakkan “ had ” di awal kalimat. Contoh: Had I had enough money, I would have given her a present.

(Jika saya punya uang, saya pasti telah memberinya hadiah) Had he had studied hard, he could have passed the exam. (Seandainya dia giat belajat, dia bisa lulus ujian)

Pengertian Conditional Sentence Conditional sentence adalahcomplex sentence (kalimat majemuk) yang dibentuk dari subordinate clause yang diawali dengansubordinate conjunction if berupacondition (syarat) dan main clause berupa result/consequence(hasil). Ada 4 tipe conditional sentence yang biasa digunakan, yaitu: tipe 1, tipe 2, tipe 3, dan tipe 0. Condition pada conditional sentence tipe 1 mungkin dipenuhi, tipe 2 tidak atau hampir tidak mungkin dipenuhi, tipe 3 tidak mungkin dipenuhi (unreal), sedangkan tipe 0 selalu terwujud karena merupakan scientific fact/kebenaran ilmiah.

Rumus Conditional Sentence Rumus Umum

Secara umum, rumus kalimat pengandaian ini adalah sebagai berikut. if + condition, result/consequence

atau tanpa tanda baca koma: result/consequence + if + condition

Rumus Conditional Sentence Berbagai Tipe Type

Rumus Conditional Sentence

0

if + simple present, simple present

1

if + simple present, will + bare infinitive

2

if + simple past, would/could/might + bare infinitive

3

if + past perfect, would/should/could/might have + past participle

Contoh Conditional Sentence Berikut contoh conditional sentence pada berbagai tipe sesuai dengan rumus di atas. Type

Contoh Conditional Sentence

0

If we burn paper, it becomes ash. (Jika kita membakar kertas, itu menjadi abu.)

1

If I meet him, I will introduce myself. (Jika saya bertemu dia, saya akan memperkenalkan diri.)

2

If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day. (Jika besok hujan, saya akan tidur sepanjang hari.)

3

If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party. (Jika kamu ingat mengundang saya, saya akan hadir di pestamu.)

Negatif if + condition Rumus: if…not dapat digantikan dengan unless.

Contoh conditional sentence: if…not dan unless: Dengan menggunakan rumus negatif if, contoh conditional sentence seperti di bawah ini. 

If the students do not understand, they will raise their hand to ask.



Unless the students understand, they will raise their hand to ask. (Jika para siswa tidak mengerti, mereka akan mengangkat tangan untuk bertanya.)

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES Type I : FUTERE POSSIBLE CONDITION (keadaan yang mungkin terjadi di masa akan datang)90% happen  If it rains tonight, we will stay at home.  If I graduate from university with good marks, father will buy me a motorbike.  I will not go to your party if you don’t invite our friends.  If I find your book, I will give it to you If + Present Tense + Present Future Tense If + S + V1 +S+ will + V1 … Can may

Type II : PRESENT UNREAL CONDITION (keadaan yang tidak riil saat ini).10 % happen  If I had money now, I would treat you.  If you came late today, you would fail in the exam.  I would buy a car, if I were rich.  If she were my girlfriend, I would be the happiest man in the world.  If they were here now, we could go together.  We could go to the beach if it were holiday today. Be : I were You were He / She were ,etc If + Past Tense If + S + V2

+ Past Future Tense +S+ would + V1 … Could Might should

Type III : PAST UNREAL CONDITION (keadaan yang tidak riil di masa lampau).  If you had come to my house last night, you would have met my family. .  You would not have missed the train if you had come early yesterday.  I could have done the exam this morning if I had studied last night.  If she had not been sick yesterday, she could have come to the party.

If + Past Perfect Tense If + S + had +V3

+ Past Future Perfect Tense +S+ would + have + V3 … Could Might Should

Note: Unless = if ….not I wish Exp: I wish my room were longer. I wish I were taller Fact : Type II : PRESENT UNREAL CONDITION (keadaan yang tidak riil saat ini).  If I had money, I would treat you. (Fact: I don’t have money) (Because I don’t have money, I don’t treat you)    

 

If you came late today, you would fail in the exam.(fact: You don’t come late today) Because you don’t come late, you don’t fail in the exam. She wouldn’t have any money if she didn’t work.(Fact : she works) Fact: She has much money because she works I would buy a car, if I were rich. (Fact : I am not rich) I don’t buy a car because I am not rich If she were my girlfriend, I would be the happiest man in the world. (fact : She is not my girlfriend, I am not the happiest man in the world) She is not my girlfriend, so I am not the happiest man in the world. If they were here now, we could go together.(fact: They are not here now) Because they are not here now, so we don’t go together We could go to the beach if it were holiday today.

Type III : PAST UNREAL CONDITION (keadaan yang tidak riil di masa lampau).  If you had come to my house last night, you would have met my family. (fact: You didn’t come to my house last night, so you didn’t meet my family) Because you didn’t come to my house last night, so you didn’t meet my family.  You would not have missed the train if you had come early yesterday. Fact : You didn’t come early yesterday, so you missed the train  I could have done the exam this morning if I had studied last night. Fact : I didn’t study last night



If she had not been sick yesterday, she could have come to the party. Fact : She was sick yesterday, so she didn’t come to the party.

Exercise: 1. What would you do if you won a million pounds? 2. If I meet Dina, I want to tell her about it. 3. I was very grateful, if you would send me your brochure. 4. Tom would travel if he had more money. 5. If I were you, I wouldn’t buy that coat. 6. If I had seen you when you pass me in the street, I would have said hello. 7. If I were rich, I would buy a castle. 8. I will give you, if I find your key. 9. Unless I did the homework, I would be out from the class. 10. I will go out, if it doesn’t rain. Put the verb into the correct form. 1. If I offered the job, I think I …. (take) it. 2. I’m sure Tom will lend you some money. I would be very surprised if he …. (refuse) 3. Many people would be out of the work if that factory …. (close) down. 4. Would George be angry if I … ( take) his bicycle without asking? 5. Ann gave me this ring. She … (be) terribly upset if I had lost it. 6. If someone … (walk) in here with a gun, I’d be very frightened. 7. I’m sure she … (understand) if you explained the situation to her. 8. I … (give) you cigarette if I had one but I’m afraid I haven’t. 9. This soup would taste better if it … (have) more salt in it. 10. If I …. ( know ) her number, I would telephone her. 11. I …. (not/buy) that coat if I were you. 12. If you …. (not/go)to bed so late every night, you wouldn’t be so tired all the time. 13. I wouldn’t mind living in England if the weather ….(be) better. 14. I’d help you if I …. (can) but I’m afraid I can’t 15. If I were you, I …. (not/marry) him. 16. We would happily buy that house if it … (not/be) so small. 17. If he …. ( miss) the train, he would have been late for his interview. 18. I …. (forget) if Ann reminded me. 19. We might not have stayed at this hotel if George …. (not/recommend) it to us. 20. I’d have sent you a postcard while I was on holiday if I …. (have) your address. 21. Because I didn’t have any money, I didn’t go anywhere 22. Because I have a new book, I stay at home. 23. She goes to school by bus, because she doesn’t have any motorbike 24. Tom : I wish ….

Deny : You mean you didn’t have a car last year. 25. Because he did the home work, his teacher was not angry. 26. I’m not you so I join this group. 27. Tom studied in Solo, so he knew Tawangmangu 28. Tini : I wish …………….. Devy: You mean you are not clever. 29. Tom :Unless I did my work last night, I would do my test Devy : You mean ….. 30. Tom : I …… Devy : You mean you didn’t tell me about it because you was afraid

1. 1. If you got a bunch of money, … it on stupid things? o

would you spend

o

would you have spent

o

Correct

2. 2. If the student had got enough sleep, she … difficulties in reading the material. o

wouldn’t has faced

o

wouldn’t have faced

o

Incorrect

3. 3. If I … you, I would look for my passion to find a new career. o

was

o

were

o

Incorrect

4. 4. When he … to sleep, he never counts sheep leaping over fences. o o o

5. 5.

will go goes Correct | zero conditional berupa habitual activity (kebiasaan)

If I advise her about travelling by plane with children, … to me? o

will she listen

o

she will listen Correct

o

6. 6. It would be fun if the button to lower volume on my PC … properly. o o o

could worked could work Incorrect

7. 7. … good quality cookware, we mightn’t have needed to get rid of burnt taste in this food. o

Had we used

o

We had used

o

Incorrect

8. 8. Your calls … if you had replied her text message fast. o

wouldn't have ignored

o

wouldn't have been ignored Incorrect

o

9. 9. Unless it rains, I … clothes in the sun instead of using the dryer. o o o

would dry will dry Correct

10. 10. Your sister … to you if you don’t stop yelling at her. o o o

won't be nice wouldn't be nice Correct

11. 11.

If adults … a single espresso, it can slow the flow of blood to their heart. o o o

drink will drink Correct | zero conditional berupa scientific fact

12. 12. … I tall, I would consider joining the army. o o o

If were Were Incorrect | Inverted conditional sentence type 2: “if” dihilangkan dan subject dan verb pada if-clause ditukar posisinya.

Type 1

1. 1. If a customer … chocolate ice cream from the restaurant, he or she will get extra toppings. o o o

order orders Incorrect | a customer = singular subject, gunakan “orders”

2. 2. The hotel front desk clerk … you special price room rates if you don’t ask. o o o

wouldn't offer won't offer Correct | gunakan won’t (will not) pada conditional sentence type 1, bukan wouldn’t (would not)

3. 3. If you call Tessa, I … others. o o o

would call will call Incorrect | gunakan will pada conditional sentence type 1, bukan would

4. 4. If I tell the truth, … hurt? o

will he gets

o

will he get

o

Correct | verb setelah modal auxiliary verb (will) berbentuk dasar (bare infinitive) tanpa penambahan -s/-es

5. 5. Unless it snows, the pavements … slippery. o

will not

o

will not be

o

Incorrect | Karena slippery = adjective, maka perlu digunakan verb to be. Verb to be yang dapat berada diantara modal dan adjective adalah “be”.

6. 6. If he … the book, I will borrow it in my university library. o

doesn't have

o

hasn't

o

Correct | verb “have” membutuhkan dummy auxiliary verb “do/does/did” untuk membentuk negative sentence

7. 7. The manager … your current income if you can stay focused when working from home. o o o

doubles will double Correct | conditional sentence type 1 menggunakan modal verb, bukan hanya verb

8. 8. You will make your parents sad if you … responsible for your life. o

don't

o

aren't

o

9. 9.

Incorrect | karena responsible = adjective, maka perlu digunakan verb to be. Verb to be yang cocok dengan subject “you” adalah “are”.

If you come to her house, she … something delicious for you. o o o

will be cooked will cook Correct | kalimat menggunakan active voice

10. 10. If it rains heavily, … under water? o o o

will your home be ended up will your home end up Incorrect | kalimat menggunakan active voice

Type 2

1. 1. If I … his mind, I wouldn’t let him touch my PC. o

would read

o

could read

o

Incorrect

2. 2. If I … him, I would quit my job and start a business. o

were

o

was

o

Incorrect

3. 3. If he were here, I … him not to enter the room without permission. o

would advise

o

would advice Correct

o

4. 4. It … appreciated if you returned the form as soon as possible. o

would be greatly

o

would greatly

o

Correct

5. 5. … I rich, I would send my son to study overseas. o

were if

o

were

o

Incorrect

6. 6. If he studied harder, he … the best score in his class. o

would got

o

would get

o

Correct

7. 7. Your parents wouldn’t be angry if you … to them. o

don't lie

o

didn't lie

o

Incorrect

8. 8. Unless Reny got enough sleep, she … productive. o o o

wouldn't be wouldn't Correct

9. 9. If I won a god medal at the international physics olympiad, I … admision in some universities without test. o

can get

o

could get

o

Correct

10. 10. If you had a sister, … clothes with her? o

would you share

o o

you would share Correct

Type 3

1. 1. If you … an umbrella, you wouldn’t have got wet. o o o

had took had taken Correct

2. 2. If you … about personal financial planning, you could’ve spent your money wisely. o o o

had known had knew Correct

3. 3. She … your calls if you had reply her text message fast. o o o

wouldn't have been ignored wouldn't have ignored Incorrect

4. 4. Had you treated your maid better, she … o

wouldn't have ran away

o

wouldn't have run away Incorrect

o

5. 5. If he had come to ask forgiveness, … his apologies? o o o

would you have accept would you have accepted Correct

6. 6. If our friend hadn’t forgotten to renew his visa, he … o

wouldn't have deported

o

wouldn't have been deported

o

Incorrect

7. 7. If the student … the instructions carefully, he wouldn’t have broken an dessicator. o o o

have listened and followed had listened and followed Correct

8. 8. If the driver …, he wouldn’t have crashed concrete road separators. o o o

hadn't got enough sleep had got enough sleep Incorrect

9. 9. If you … that you couldn’t handle the pressure anymore, your parents might have helped you. o

have told

o

had told

o

Incorrect

10. 10. If you … earlier, you could have saw the beautiful sunrise. o o o

had woke up had woken up Incorrect

Tentang Wish Sentences

Wish Sentences adalah kalimat-kalimat yang menggunakan kata kerja wish. Arti dari kalimat yang menggunakan wish adalah mengharapkan terjadinya sesuatu yang sekarang tidak terjadi atau mungkin tidak akan terjadi. Kalimat tersebut bertolak belakang dengan kenyataan yang ada. Contoh:

a. The present

b. The Future

c.

The past

The truth

Wish Sentences

He is not here.

I wish he were here

They don’t work abroad

I wish they worked abroad

She will confess

I wish she wouldn’t confess

They didn’t kill the elephant

I wish they were going to sell it

They didn’t kill the elephant

I wish they had killed the elephant

He died

I wish he hadn’t died

Keterangan: 1. Kata kerja yang digunakan di dalam subordinate clause pada wish sentences harus dalam bentuk the past (lampau). Bentuk the past ini bukan menunjukan kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau tetapi menunjukan suatu situasi atau keadaan yang bertolak belakang dengan kenyataan. 2. Untuk kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau tetapi bertolak belakang dengan kenyataan, kita menggunakan the past perfect tense (c). 3. Dalam kalimat wish ini, bentuk kata kerja dari be adalah were atau was, Pemakaian was tidak formal dan biasanya dalam bahasa lisan. Contoh: I wish I were not married atau I wish I was not married 4. Jika sesuatu diharapkan masih bisa berubah menjadi kenyataan, jangan gunakan wish sentences, tetapi gunakan kata kerja hope. Contoh:

·

She hopes that you will come

·

I hope that the rain will stop soon.

5. Wish yang digunakan dalam the modal auxiliary verbs ‘would’, could, might dapat mempunyai arti mengharapkan susuatu menjadi kenyataan (yang masih dapt terwujud) di masa sekarang atau di masa yang akan datang. Contoh: ·

I wish the boss would leave early today (I want the boss to leave early today)

·

I wish the weather would be better (I want the weather to be better)

·

She wishes John to come back (She wants John to come back)

·

I wish the rain might stop (I want the rain to stop)

6.

I wish you would ... berarti meminta seseorang meminta untuk ... Contoh:

·

I wish you would stop fooling around

·

I wish you would do it for me

Cobalah latihan dibawah ini ... Tulislah Wish Sentences berdasarkan informasi yang diberikan di bawah ini. 1.

I am not the owner. ......

2.

I’ve had my lunch. ......

3.

I don’t speak clearly. ......

4.

I can’t fly. ......

5.

You told me this. ......

6.

I haven’t finished my book. ......

7.

I had a stomach-ache. ......

8.

He isn’t honest. ......

9.

I haven’t been to Bali. ......

10. I can’t help you. ......

Ubahlah kalimat berikut dengan menggunakan hope ... will. 1.

He may help you. ......

2.

It may stop raining. ......

3.

The children may not be hungry. ......

4.

We may be succesfull. ......

5.

She may be not be tired. ......

6.

They may come. ......

7.

He may lend you some money. ......

8.

They may attend the meeting. ......

9.

She may like you. ......

10. It may not kill him. ...... [ S – wish S — V2] ——— à Present Unfulfilled Hope We wish he lived here. [ S — wished S — had + V3] ——- à Past Unfulfilled Hope I wished you had come to the party last night. Exercise: 1. If he (run) he (get) there in time. (future possibility) 2. The cat (scratch) you if you (pull) her tail. (future possibility) 3. If the fog (get) thicker the plane (be diverted). (future possibility) 4. If someone (try) to blackmail me I (tell) the police. (present/future unexpected) 5. I if (live) near my officer I (be) in time for work. (But I don’t live near my office)

PERBEDAAN WISH DAN HOPE Wish dan Hope dipercaya merupakan dua kata yang mempunyai arti sama. Padahal keduanya berbeda pada konteks.

HOPE Berbeda dengan wish, hope merupakan harapan yang bisa diwujudkan dan sangat mungkin terjadi. Contohnya:

I hope we can still be friends. Padanan kata I hope adalah I can menjadi I hope … I can …

WISH Adalah harapan yang sulit diwujudkan bahkan bisa dibilang mustahil. Contohnya: I wish I can fly. Padanan kata I wish adalah I could menjadi I wish…I could… *Could di sini bukan dalam bentuk lampau tetapi lebih menyatakan sesuatu yang tidak nyata atau tidak serupa.

Penggunaan " hope " & " wish " Pasti kita pernah mendapat ucapan saat kita ulang tahun ataupun kita mengucapkan itu kepada orang lain. Kata yang kita pakai buat mengucapakan ucapan itu pun biasanya di sertai dengan menyertakan harapan seperti " wish u all the best ", " wish u luck ", " wish u will happy" dan sebagainya. Tapi tahukah kalian pemilihan kata yang kita gunakan untuk memberikan selamat, jika itu tidak tepat malah bisa menjadi hal yang sebaliknya? kita semua tahu kata " Wish " dan " Hope " dalam bahasa indonesia mempunyai arti yang sama yaitu "semoga", tapi ternyata makna dalam kata itu benar2 jauh berbeda (lhoh kok bisa?). ini nih penjelasannya.. Setelah membahas tentang " wish " dan " Hope " terkuak sudahlah rahasia diantara kata itu. Wish setelah di kaji ulang dan di teliti lalu di cermati adalah kata yang berarti semoga, akan tetapi harapan yang mengikuti kata - kata ini, sudah pasti tidak akan terjadi. Coba baca novel2 berbahasa inggris lalu cermati pengharapan yang menggunakan kata '' wish " apakah di akhir cerita bakal terwujud harapan itu? nah lo.. kalo kalian ngucapin " wish u all the best " brarti....... tau sendiri kan? hahaha sedangkan kata " Hope " yang juga berarti semoga, akan tetapi harapan yang mengikuti kata ini kemungkinan besar akan terwujud, sebagai buktinya ya kita cermati lagi aja novel2 berbahasa inggris (lagi) hohoho so, mulai sekarang kudu hati2 nieh buat ngasih ucapan ke seseorang, jangan sampai kita mendoakan hal yang sebaliknya.... Hope & wish “ Hope ” dan “ Wish ”, bagi sebagian besar orang, diartikan sebagai “berharap”. Walaupun memiliki arti yang sama, penggunaan “ hope ” dan “ wish ” ini sangat berbeda sehingga makna yang terkandung sangat jauh berlainan. Untuk lebih memahami penggunaan “ wish ” dan “ hope ”, silahkan perhatikan ulasan ringkas berikut.

“ Hope ” digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang mungkin terjadi atau akan terjadi. Maksudnya, ” hope ” diterapkan dalam sebuah kalimat sebagai ”sesuatu yang benar-benar diharapkan akan menjadi sebuah hal nyata/positif”. “ Wish ” digunakan untuk sesuatu yang sama sekali tidak akan terjadi. Maksudnya adalah kita ”berharap” tapi ”berharap hal yang kita maksudkan tidak menjadi sebuah kenyataan”. Dengan bahasa lugas diasosiasikan bahwa ” wish ” lebih bermakna sebagai sebuah hal negatif atau istilah ”harapan palsu”. Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut. Contoh : I hope that she will give me a call tonight. (kalimat ini berarti bahwa saya benar-benar mengharapkan dia menelpon nanti malam). I wish that she can give me a call tonight. (kalimat ini bermakna saya berharap dia tidak menghubungiku malam ini)

Penggunaan Hope Verb “hope” digunakan untuk membicarakan bahwa suatu kondisi atau situasi memiliki kemungkinan terjadi di masa depan. Hope dapat diikuti infinitive (to+verb) atau that-clause (noun clause). Kata kerja ini digunakan bersama infinitiveuntuk menyatakan harapan dan niat untuk melakukan sesuatu di masa depan jika memungkinkan dapat dilakukan. Adapun hope diikuti that-clause ketika ada subject baru yang diperkenalkan (subject baru tersebut berada di dalam that-clause). Subordinator “that” pada thatclause tersebut dapat dihilangkan, sehingga hanya menyisakan subject dan predicatenya (Lihat: Word Order dan Reduksi Noun Clause).

Contoh Kalimat Hope No

Contoh Kalimat Hope

1

She hopes to be a successful business owner. (Dia berharap menjadi seorang pemilik usaha yang sukses.)

2

I hope to see you again sometime. (Saya berharap bertemu lagi denganmu suatu hari nanti.)

3 Arya hopes (that) he can achieve his long term financial goals.

(Arya berharap dia dapat meraih target keuangan jangka panjangnya.)

4

I hope (that) you will consider my application. (Saya harap kamu akan mempertimbangkan surat lamaran saya.)

Pengertian Expressing Wishes Verb wish adalah kata kerja yang digunakan ketika seorangspeaker menyatakan keinginkan atas realita yang berbeda. Wish termasuk dalam subjunctive.

Penggunaan dan Contoh Kalimat Expressing Wishes Wish diikuti oleh simple past untuk menyatakan bahwa situasi yang diinginkan tidak mungkin terjadi pada saat ini (present), sedangkan wish diikuti past perfect untuk menyatakan tidak mungkin terjadi di masa lampau (past). Wishdapat pula diikuti past future (would/could+Verb1) untuk menyatakan keinginan seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu secara berbeda. Beberapa contoh kalimatnya adalah sebagai berikut. Wish(es) + …

Simple Past

Past Perfect

Contoh Kalimat Expressing wishes

Fakta

I wish she were here. (Saya berharap dia disini.)

but she isn’t … (Dia tidak disini.)

Wenny wishes Ari agreed with her opinion. (Wenny berharap Ari setuju dengan pendapatnya.)

but Ari doesn’t … (Ari tidak setuju.)

Raisa wishes she could drive a car. (Raisa berharap dia dapat menyetir mobil.)

but Raisa can’t … (Raisa tidak dapat menyetir mobil.)

Wira wishes he had finished the task before the deadline. (Wira berharap dia telah menyelesaikan tugas tersebut sebelum tenggat waktu.)

but Wira didn’t … (Wira tidak menyelesaikan tugas tersebut sebelum …)

Future (would/could + Verb1 atau was/were +present participle)

My brother wishes he could have owned a house when he was twenty-five years old. (Saudara saya berharap dia telah memiliki sebuah rumah ketika dia berumur dua puluh lima tahun.)

but my brother couldn’t … (Saudara saya tidak memiliki rumah ketika …)

Defi wishes her friends would come to her house tomorrow. (Defi berharap teman-temannya datang ke rumahnya besok.)

her friends might, but her friends might not come (teman-temannya mungkin datang tapi mungkin tidak datang)

The government wishes people were staying at home during the hurricane. (Pemerintah berharap orang-orang sedang tinggal di rumah selama badai.)

but people aren’t … (orang-orang tidak sedang tinggal dirumah)

Soal Expressing Wishes

1. Penggunaan Wish/hope dalam conditional sentences Verb wish dan hope sama-sama berarti berharap, tetapi penggunaannya dalam kalimat sangat berbeda. Hope digunakan untuk mengekspresikan sesuatu yang mungkin terjadi atau akan mungkin terjadi. Sebaliknya, wishdigunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang pasti tidak terjadi atau tidak akan mungkin terjadi. Hope dapat diikuti oleh verb dalam sembarang tensis; wishtidak dapat diikuti oleh verb dalam simple present tense atau modal auxiliary simple present tense. Perhatikan perbedaan penggunaan wish dan hope pada contoh-contoh di bawah ini:

1.

We hope that they can come. (kita berharap bahwa mereka bisa datang). Dalam kalimat ini subject we tidak tahu apakah they bisa datang atau tidak. Tetapi, ada kemungkinan bahwa they bisa datang.

2.

We wish that they could come. (kita berharap bahwa mereka bisa datang). Di sini, we sudah tahu bahwa they tidak bisa datang. Faktanya adalah: they can’t come.

3.

I hope that they came yesterday. (saya berharap kamu datang kemarin). Di sini, I tidak tahu apakah they datang atau tidak kemarin.

4.

I wish that they had come yesterday. (saya berharap bahwa mereka datang kemarin). Di sini, I sudah tahu bahwa they didn’t come yesterday. Faktanya adalah: they didn’t come yesterday. Jadi, clause yang mengikuti wish clause pada prinsipnya adalah unreal conditional. Penggunaan wish dalam unreal conditionals ada 3, yaitu: future wish, present wish, dan past wish.

a. Future wish

S + could + verb1 S + wish + (that) +

S + would +verb1 S + were + verb-ing

Note: Penggunaan relative pronoun “that” adalah optional (bisa digunakan, bisa juga tidak): Contoh:

1.

I wish my friend would visit me this afternoon. (Saya berharap teman saya akan mengunjungi saya sore ini). Faktanya: my friend will not come this afternoon.

2.

They wish that you could come to the party tonight. (Mereka berharap bahwa kamu bisa datang sebentar malam). Faktanya: you can’t come.

3.

Bobby wishes he were coming with Angelia. (Bobby berharap dia datang dengan Angelia). Faktanya: Bobby is not coming with Angelia.

b. Present wish

S + wish + (that) + S + verb2 Contoh:

1.

I wish I were rich. (Saya berharap saya kaya). Faktanya adalah: I am not rich.

2.

I wish I had enough time to finish my work. (Saya berharap saya punya cukup waktu untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan saya). Faktanya: I don’t have enough time to finish my work.

3.

John wishes that Ririn were old enough to be his girl friend. (John berharap bahwa Ririn cukup umur untuk menjadi pacarnya). Faktanya: Ririn is not old enough to be John’s girl friend.

4.

I wish I didn’t have to come to class today. (Saya berharap saya tidak harus pergi kuliah hari ini). Faktanya: I have to go to class today.

5.

I wish my TOEFL score were over 650 now. (Saya berharap nilai TOEFL saya sekarang lebih dari 650). Faktanya: my TOEFL score is not over 650 now.

c. Past wish

S + wish + (that) +

S + have + verb3 S + could + have + verb3

Contoh:

1.

I wish I had washed my clothes yesterday. (Saya berharap saya telah cuci pakaian-pakaian saya kemarin). Faktanya: I didn’t wash my clothes yesterday.

2.

Irwan wishes that he had answered the questions well. (Irwan berharap bahwa dia telah menjawab soal-soal dengan baik). Faktanya: Irwan didn’t answer the questions well.

3.

Christian Ronaldo wishes that his team could have beaten the German team. (Christian Ronaldo berharap bahwa teamnya dapat mengalahkan team Jerman). Faktanya: Christian Ronaldo’s team couldn’t beat the German team.

4.

I wish you had been here last night. (Saya berharap kamu ada di sini tadi malam). Faktanya: you were not here last night.

“Hope” dan “Wish” , bagi sebagian besar orang, diartikan sebagai“berharap”. Walaupun memiliki arti yang sama, penggunaan “hope”dan “wish” ini sangat berbeda sehingga makna yang terkandung sangat jauh berlainan. Untuk lebih memahami penggunaan “wish” dan“hope”, silahkan perhatikan ulasan ringkas berikut. “Hope” digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang mungkin terjadi atau akan terjadi. Maksudnya, ”hope” diterapkan dalam sebuah kalimat sebagai ”sesuatu yang benar-benar diharapkan akan menjadi sebuah hal nyata/positif”. “Wish” digunakan untuk sesuatu yang sama sekali tidak akan terjadi. Maksudnya adalah kita ”berharap” tapi ”berharap hal yang kita maksudkan tidak menjadi sebuah kenyataan”. Dengan bahasa lugas diasosiasikan bahwa ”wish” lebih bermakna sebagai sebuah hal negatif atau istilah ”harapan palsu”. Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut. Contoh : I hope that she will give me a call tonight. (kalimat ini berarti bahwa saya benar-benar mengharapkan dia menelpon nanti malam). I wish that she can give me a call tonight. (kalimat ini bermakna saya berharap dia tidak menghubungiku malam ini)

I wish i will go to London next month my sister wish her bedroom will very beautiful i hope at Singapore would be awesome i hope my sister will get married this month i wish he leave my life i wish you were here i hope your dad will get well soon we wish you a merry chrismast

Wish you all the best I wish you always in the right way I wish I could see you later I wish you would come to my party I wish you realize about my feeling to you I wish you will get the better person than him I wish you were here I wish you could safe me I wish I can do better than ever I wish you could be the best

I hope you like it I hope I can spend this night with you I hope I could live forever with you I hope you can go to here tonight I hope you will get the best score I hope you will teach me about this subject I hope you can do better than ever

PENGGUNAAN WISH DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS Dalam percakapan bahasa Inggris pasti kita sering mendengar kata “wish” digunakan. Biasanya penggunaan kata “wish” untuk mengekspresikan situasi hipotesis. Ketika kita mengatakan “I wish” kita menginginkan sesuatu yang mungkin tidak akan pernah terjadi. Penggunaan “wish” dalam situasi hipotesis: • Hipotesis pada present dan future menggunakan “I wish + past simple” Contoh: - I wish I had more time with you. - I wish I was 5 years younger. - Do you wish you could run faster than him? • Hipotesis pada present menggunakan “I wish + past perfect” Contoh: - I wish I’d (I had) spoke harder. (= ‘I regret that I didn’t speak harder’) - I wish I hadn’t said that. (= ‘I regret that I said it.’) Wish vs Hope Penggunaan “hope”, bukan “wish”, untuk mengharapkan sesuatu yang mungkin atau realistis. - I hope you pass the final test with the good grade. - I hope you two can longlast with your relationship.

Wish . . . would, wish . . . wouldn’t Penggunaan wish..would untuk mengekspresikan kekesalan kita tentang sesuatu yang tidak terjadi. Contoh: You’re so stupid, I wish you would learn again (please study hard!) Penggunaan wish..wouldn’t untuk memberikan penawaran atau membuat permintaan dalam suatu situasi. Contoh: I wish you wouldn’t make so much noise – the baby was sleeping. Wish + to infinitibe: wish = want Penggunaan ini berarti menginginkan sesuatu. Digunakan saat pada waktu yang formal. Contoh: Customers who wish to buy the present for high school reunion I wish you + object Struktrur wish + person + direct object digunakan untuk kasus tertentu Contoh: We wish you a Happy Bithday! Wish for, couldn’t wish for. Ketika “wish” untuk sesuatu, berarti berharapnya ada sesuatu yang dipikirkan dan diinginkan. Contoh: Be careful, what you wish for, it might just come true. Couldn’t wish for atau couldn’t have wished for Penggunaan ini berarti kita mengharapkan sesuatu yang diinginkan terbaik. Contoh: I couldn’t wish for a better girlfriend.