Basic English Course

Basic English Course 

by

Adziah Aziz

1. TOPIC 2. TYPES OF SENTENCES 3. TYPES OF SENTENCES 2 4. WHY DO WE LEARN ENG 5. TRANSFORMATION 6. QUALITY OF LEARNING 7. SINGULAR PLURAL - VOCAB 8. SINGULAR PLURAL 10. MAKING SENTENCES – SING/PLURAL 11. NOUN 12. PRONOUN 12 TABLE OF PRONOUN 13 GRAMMAR 14 VERB 15 TENSES 16 ACTIVE-PASSIVE 17 SENTENCES ACT-PASS 18 ADJ, ADVERB 19 ADVERB 20 ADJECTIVES 21 COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVE 22 PREPOSITION 23 VERB-INFINITIVES

QUAL ITY OF LEA RNI NG .

 MANAGING EXAMINATION SKILLS.  WHOLE BRAIN TEACHING & LEARNING.  PREFERRED LEARNING STYLE.  EFFECTING LISTENING.  MEMORY SKILLS.  POWER READING.  MAKING NOTES.  VISUALIZATION TEACHNIQUES.

Transf or ma tion. INPUT

PROSES

KNOWLEDGE S.A.L

OUTPUT

WORKERS INNOVATORS

STUDENT

PARENTS

TEACHERS

WIVES

SOCIETY

SISTERS INDIVIDUAL

• Why do we learn English?

Introduction Tentative Program Objective

• To upgrade & to enrich our knowledge!

Methodology Cooperative Learning

Learning?        

Happy? Interesting? Boring? Ask to………by………. No feelings Not interested Message unacomplished Why????

Basic sentences Noun +

Verb

He talks. She cooks. My mother prays.

Noun + V erb + Pr eposi tio n  He talks near the room.  She cooks in the kitchen.  My mother prays for me.

NOUN

+ ADJECTIVES

She He I The boy That girl

thin handsome fat naughty clumsy

She is thin. The thin girl sits near me. He is handsome. That handsome man is my brother. The boy is naughty. The naughty boy likes to fight.

Building sentences Subject

–

predicate

• She is clever. • Cats are domestic animal and lovable to us. • That book is very thick. • Your house is big. • Ali writes the letter. • They listen to the music. • We eat the food. • He stands. • They sweep the papers on the floor. • I like to tidy up the room.

Typ es o f se ntences 2  Predicating Words – noun + verb  Lingking words – noun + adjectives  Compound Words She eats. She eats an apple in the room. She eats an apple in the room today.

She eats a red apple in the room today.

Types of sentences Noun

people animal thing places

Predicating Words – noun + verb Lingking words – noun + adjectives Compound Words

WRITING -ESSAYS a)

SEQUENCE CONNECTORS

Firstly, enter your ATM card into the cash slot. Second,choose which language you would prefer to use. Next,enter your pin number ,that is your personal identification number and state the amount you wish to draw. After that, you confirm the amount.Later your card will be presented back to you in a matter of minutes. Finally, the cash appeared.

Singular , Plural - vocab 

PENAMBAHAN ‘S’

Verb talk go drive catch -

ke

Verb &

Noun

perbuatan

talks goes drives catches

Noun box – boxes man – men leaf – leaves she - the girls / they he - the boys I - we

Singular / plural HE ,

- VERB

SHE , IT.

 Siti talks to her mother.  That girl goes to town.  My sister catches some fish.  He

buys

two

toys.

 She sings beautifully.  It sleeps soundly on the mat.

Singular / plural - VERB 

THEY,

WE , I , YOU, THE GIRLS.

 They talk to their mother.  The girls go to town.  My sisters catch some fish.  Ali and Ahmad

buy

two

toys.

 We sing beautifully.  You sleep soundly on the mat.

Singular / plural - verb to be    

Is Has This That -

are have these those

Making sentences n n n n n n n

n n n

She has a book. They have two books. The students have many books. Every boy has a book. Each girl is studying in the library. I have an apple and Siti has four apples. That lady is preety, those ladies are more preetier. My father buys a bicycle. He buys two bicycles. You have one child but I have eight children.

ARTICLES. the - singular & plural . -signals a particular person/thing that has been singled out from others. -second reference

Exercises A . 1. This is --- ball. 2. This is---icecream. 3. This is---apple. 4.This is---book. 5.This is--- egg.

Exercises B. 1. This is ___pen. 2. ____ pen belongs to Sarah. 3. There are many aeroplanes here but I like to see ____ red aeroplane flying. 4._____moon is beautiful at night isn’t it? 5. You have many books and they are not fit with _____ shelves. 6. I have four books and ____ books are mine.

Omission of Articles. -before the nouns of town, streets and most countries. -before the names of games -before the names of certain disease -before the names of road and streets -before places like - prison,school,hospital, university,bed •but we use ‘the’ when refer to a particular place.

Gr ammar

interjection

preposition

articles

noun

8 PARTS OF SPEECH

verb

adjectives adverb

pronoun

Oh no! How could you! a bag, an arrow, a unicorn. Teacher, girl, cat, ball

articles noun

interjection

verb preposition

8 PARTS OF SPEECH

pronoun

Slowly, loudly, properly, fast, smartly. adjectives

adverb

noun  Count And Noncount Nouns Count nouns are nouns that can be counted (e.g., a book, two friends, three cars, etc.). A count noun may be preceded by a or an in the singular; it takes a final -s or -es in the plural.

 Noncount (or mass) nouns refer to things that cannot be counted (e.g., money, rain, snow, butter, wind, air, clothing, etc.). Noncount nouns are not preceded by a or an and have no plural form. advice weather equiptment news

water

Jewelry

work

Money

Information

Postage

luggage

music

Countable and uncountable Noun. Example:There are a lot of sugar in the tin. You eat plenty of food. I have a small amount of money in my pocket. There are several girls at the field. A cup of tea A pail of water A tin of biscuit A tin of milk A bottle of water A jar of sugar

Measurement used. a sheet of paper a piece of cloth a reel of paper a piece of chalk a slice of bread ____________ a loaf of bread ____________ a packet of chocolates _____________ a bowl of rice _____________

Object Possessiv e

Subject

I She He We You They

Me Her Him

Possessiv e Reflexive Pronoun. Adjectives Pronoun. . My Mine Myself Her His

Hers

Herself

His

Himself

Us

Our

Ours

Ourselves

You

Your

Yours

Yourself

Theirs

Themselve s

Them

Their

pronoun  §

§ §

Pronoun – subject. _______ did it. _______ like to write poetry. _______ have to escort my brother.

Pronoun – object. §

§ §

Please show ___ the photo. Ask ____ if he’s alright. Take ____ to the movie.

Pronoun – possesive. §

§ § §

This is ____ book. The book is in ___ bag. They are ______ brothers. That room is ____________ class.

TABLE OF NOUNS

/ they / we

He

I / you

She

The girls

It

two cats

The boy

I go to school.

You write the letter. They walk to my house. We sit on the chair. She goes to school. He writes the letter. The boy walks to my house. Siti sits on the chair.

the boys

FORMS OF VERB Future tense Will / shall

.

Present tense

Past tense

Past participle has / have

Present is /

eat

ate

eaten

eating

walk

walked

walked

walking

go

went

gone

going

Take

took

taken

Taking

drink

drank

drunk

drinking

see

saw

seen

Seeing

Cook

cooked

cooked

Cooking

Stand

Stood

Stood

Standing

Sing

Sang

draw

Drew

Sung

Singing

drawn

drawing

Example :Everyday she eats the food. – She ate the food yesterday morning. She has eaten the food.She is eating the food now. She will eat the food tomorrow. -

continuous are / am

Verb  present tense – sekarang  past tense - yang lepas  present continuous Tense - sedang  Past Participle- baru lepas  Present Perfect - has/ have  Gerund - penyataan  Future Tense – akan datang

Today, she writes. Yesterday, she wrote. She is writing now.

(present tense) (past tense) (pre. Con. tense)

She has written when you came.

(Part.)

Writing is good four your own vocabulary. (Gerund) She will write tomorrow.

(Future.)

Verb + infinitives Examples: --She hopes to leave soon.

--They want to buy a car. hope

offer

seem

agree

forget

appear

remember

expect

want

promise

decide

need

ask

refuse

 

Verb + noun Example:

•Please tell me about the matter. •Can you remind him of the incident? •I want him to go. tell

warn

force

remind

permit

order

advise

allow

expect

encoura ge

require

want

( selepas ‘to’

jangan tukar tense)

Verb Arrange behav compare Conside Close Describe Destroy Direct enjoy Extend Explain give hate introduce

noun – arrangement -behaviour -comparison -consideration -closure - description -destruction -direction – enjoyment - extension - explanation -gift -hatred -introduction

• He explain to the teacher.

The explanation can’t stop him from going to prison. 2. I made a police report. That reporter had to work at night.

ACTIVE – PASSIVE VOICE.  She eats the cake. - Dia makan kek.  The cake is eaten by her.- Kek itu di makan oleh dia. Mother cooks the curry. –Emak masak kari. The curry is cooked by mother.- Kari di masak oleh emak.

   

SENTENCES- active-passive

ACTIVE --The doctor wrote a prescription. PASSIVE --The prescription was written by the doctor.

verb + past participle

 ACTIVE: Fred helps Jane.  PASSIVE: Jane is + helped by Fred.

 ACTIVE: He is helping her.  PASSIVE: She is being + helped by him.      

ACTIVE: He has helped her. PASSIVE: She has been + helped by him. ACTIVE: He helped her. PASSIVE: She was + helped by him. ACTIVE: He was helping her. PASSIVE: She was being + helped by him.

He writes the letter. – The letter is written by him. Siti sweeps the floor. - The floor is swept by her. Mother cooks the curry.- The curry is cooked by mother. PRESENT Write Sweep Cooks Draw Buy See Drink Run eat

PAST TENSE Wrote Swept Cooked Drew Bought Saw Drank Ran ate

PAST PARTICIPLE Written Swept Cooked Drawn Bought Seen Drunk Run eaten

Adje ctiv e. Adv er b Adjectives and adverbs are invariable in ADJECTIVES: Adjectives always come in front of the noun they modify a good book an excellent dinner a fine dress a charming person a hot day an unreasonable person ADVERBS: English.Adverbs usually come after the verb they modify. This newspaper is published frequently. The Immigration Agent is speaking quickly.

Adverb 1.She walks quickly. 2. She draws carefully. 3. I eat slowly. 4. You jump high. 5. We talk loudly. 6. Alana sits properly. 7. They run fast. 8. He studies smartly. 9. The teacher teaches softly. 10. Father drives quickly, 11. Please write neatly. 12. Can you cook deliciously for us? 13. Can you wear beautifully four the party? • Love your parents tenderly. • Smile sweetly to your siblings.

Adjectives. 1. The red ball is small. 2. That book is thick. Ali is short. He is tall. This pencil is long. These pencils are long. You are fat. Amin is smart. The lady is preety. My brother is clever. The girls are fair. My little sister is cute. We are short and thin. The cat is unique. That noodles is tasty.

Descriptive – inherent quality:- beautiful, intelligent. Proper – a French dish, an Indian Muslim Mosque. an interesting book a disappointing experience a charming view. a tired housewife. a good-looking girl a heart-breaking story ready-make cloth ill-tempered person a wall-to-wall carpet a hard-to-please employer a hit-and-run driver

Comparison of adjective. as _____ as big tall much good bad little old far beautiful in out up

__than bigger taller more better worse less older further more beautiful inner outer upper

the _____ biggest tallest most best worst least oldest furthest most beautiful

SENTENCES:The car is big. The red car is bigger than this car. The blue car is the biggest. Ali is tall as his father. Ahmad is taller than Ali. Amin is the tallest among them. I have much money in my pocket. You have more money than me. He has the most. She is good to her sister. Lia is better and Yana is the best Sara is beautiful, Aminah is more beautiful than Sara but Munirah is the most beautiful girl in the class. You don’t know what is in the inner side of this well.

preposition about

into

above

like

across

near

after

of

along

off

among

on

around

out

before

over

behind

since

below

through

beneath

throughout

beside

till

between

to

beyond

toward

by

under

despite

until

down

up

during

upon

for

with

from

within

in

without

Prepositions are used in phrases and as parts of verbs.

Asked for Spoke of Afraid of Come in Laughing at Looking for Broken into Rely on Give to Put on Speaking of Famous for Lives at Meet at Divided between Divided among

about I will see you at about 7.00 am. She looked about her. This is about the story. Against My mother warned me against the danger. The mad man hit his head against the wall. What have you got against that man? She did it against her better judgement. They were fighting against each other. 1.Faiz and Adnan waited for the bus. 2.He asked for the money. 3.She is looking for her cat. 4.I always rely on my mother’s opinion

Notes Basic structure - subject SUBJECT Mother Father I She The girl Ducks SUBJECT Mother Father I She The girl Ducks

& predicate.

PREDICATE cooks curry. washes the car. won the prize. is my friend. likes to play. quacking near the pond. PREDICATE cooks curry washed the car won the prize is my friend. likes to play are quacking near the

Tenses today yesterday last Saturday everyday. now

SUBJECT

PREDICATE

Mother and sister Father and I I She Lina, Siti and Lia Ducks / They Sentences name?

Sing/pl ural They We They are

cook curry. wash the car. won the prize. is my friend. question - What is your like to play. quacking Statement - I near am tired. the pond. Negative - She will not go

tomorrow. Imperative - Can you help me? Exclaminatory !! - Oh no! You can’t do this to me!

COLLECTIVE NOUNS a crowd of A litter of kittens. spectators A herd of buffaloes. an army of soldiers. A a flock of a bevy of ladies. sheep. a party of friends. A pack of wolves. a band of A troop of musicians. monkeys. a class of student. A zoo of wild a crew of sailors. animals. a basket of fruit A flock of birds. a bunch of keys A shoal of fish a collection of A swarm of bees. stamps An army of ants a library of books a row of houses a fleet of cars a bouquet of Building up sentences. a list of names flowers • A crowd of people gatheringainbunch front of the ambassador’s a pack are of cards of flowers building. a pair of shoes a comb of banana • He gives me a bouquet of roses for wedding a my clump of treesanniversary. • he cyclist run into a row of houses when he suddenly fainted.

OBJECT –

SOUND aeroplane- zoom arrows- whiz bells - ring camera-click canes – whack clock – tick coins - jingle teeth – chatter waves – lap whistle - blow

doors – slam drums – beat engines – splutter fire – crackles glasses – tinkle hands – clap,slap heart – beat, throb hoofs – thunder leaves –rustle plates – clatter raindrops – patter thunder – rumbles water – drips

Building up sentences. 1.The boy goes into the empty house and suddenly the doors slam behind him. 2. It rains heavily and I heard the thunder rumbles. 3. The weather is cold here and my teeth is chattering.

Compound words - expression All- rounder Before – hand Cold-blooded Dirt-cheap Dirty-work Crystal-clear Ear-piercing Green-eyed Golden-voiced Heavy-eyed Ill-used Lion-hearted Lip-service Open-handed A wet blanket A slip of the tongue All ears At a loose end Dead beat hard up In black and white Out of hand With open arm

one who shows ability in many kinds of work. in advance without feeling very cheap dishonourable practices very clear shrill jealousy pleasing to the ear sleepy badly treated of great courage insincere generous a discouraging person unintended talking paying close attention nothing to do exhausted short of money in writing beyond control a warm welcome.

1.”Don’t do the dirty-work for him anymore.” Said the mother to her son. •

The sales at that supermarket is a dead-cheap!

•

Mr Chai Wong is the all-rounder in the firm and everybody likes him.

•

Many divers go to Pulau Redang because the water there is crystal-clear.

•

During the holiday, my brother is at a loose end after finishing his exam.

•

The student are all ears when the principal gives a talk on discipline.

•

“After doing all the housework alone, She’s really dead beat I presume”.

•

Don’t worry, mother will except you with open arms.

•

Children nowdays are all out of hand.

10. Although you’re hard up now, it doesn’t meant you can beg anywhere, just be strong and try to work harder.

Conjunctions and 0r as if if only in order that on condition (that) because so that since although till unless while as before either……or neither…..nor

- He looks as if he’s very tired. - I can do it if only there weren’t so much noise. - They left early in order that they can arrive on time . - Yes, on condition the payment is made beforehand. - He sleeps because he is tired. - He was injured so badly that he had to go to clinic. - The boy is there since his dad past away last month. - I can walk although my leg injured. - My mother will stay in the room till night. - You must avoid him unless he forgive you. - Please watch my bag while I go to toilet. - As they were leaving the house, it rained heavily. - She always has a chat with neighbours before noon. - Either you or him goes to Kuala Lumpur today. - Neither Ali nor Alif can sing in the contest.

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH. •

When the reporting verb is in the past tense – direct form is past tense.

•

Pronoun; first & second person

- third person.

I he , she We - they You - he, him , she, her, they , them

3. this-that these – those Today –that day here – there Tomorrow – the next day thus – in that way, so Yesterday- the previous day last night – that previous night Next week – the following week. Now – then. 4. said – asked , enquired 5. said – ordered, told, warned, reminded, requested ( follow by the person)

Always upgrading towards better life! Basic English - a start to the first step Into the era of IT.

happy learning – [email protected] -http://adziahaziz.blogspot.com