Basic Conc. Envi.docx

Introduction Nitrogen cycle is biogeochemical cycle where nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical form. Nitrite and nitrate are naturally occurring ion that part of the nitrogen cycle. Inorganic fertilizer is contained nitrate and sodium nitrite is used as food preservatives, especially in cured meats. The concentration of nitrate in groundwater and surface water normally low but it can reach high level as a result of leaching or runoff form agricultural land or contamination from human or animal wastes because of the oxidation of ammonia and similar sources. The formation and persistence of nitrite occur because of anaerobic condition. When the formation of chloramine is not sufficiently controlled, then chioramination will rise the formation of nitrite within the distribution system.The formation of nitrite is because of microbial activity and may be intermittent. Nitrification in distribution systems can increase nitrite levels, usually by 0.2–1.5 mg/litre. Basic Concept Nitrite is the by-product of the breakdown of Ammonia, this breakdown is done by the bacteria call nitrosomonas, in the pond. The high levels of Nitrite in pond can cause damage to the fish liver, spleen, nervous system and kidneys. This can result in the death of fish. Nitrate is a water-soluble molecule made of nitrogen and oxygen. It is formed when nitrogen in ammonia or another source combines with oxygenated water. Nitrite is converted to Nitrate by nitrobacteria in pond. Nitrate is naturally found in plants and many foods, tasteless and odorless. Since it does not evaporate or bind well to soil, it is used by plants or stays in the water. Nitrate reactions can cause oxygen depletion in water, which may cause fish kills.