Nitrite.docx
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COURSE COURSE CODE LEVEL OF OPENNESS CATEGORY DEGREE OF OPEN-ENDED (%) PERIOD OF ACTIVITY TITLE
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY ECW568 2 PARTIALLY OPEN ENDED 66 1 WEEK
NITRITE AND NITRATE
1.0 INTRODUCTION Nitrite and nitrate are naturally occurring ions that are part of the nitrogen cycle. Nitrate is used mainly in inorganic fertilizers, and sodium nitrite is used as food preservatives, especially in cured meats. The nitrate concentration in groundwater and surface water is normally low but can reach high levels as a result of leaching or runoff from agricultural land or contamination from human or animal wastes as a consequence of the oxidation of ammonia and similar sources. Anaerobic conditions may result in the formation and persistence of nitrite. Chloramination may give rise to the formation of nitrite within the distribution system if the formation of chloramine is not sufficiently controlled. The formation of nitrite is because of microbial activity and may be intermittent. Nitrification in distribution systems can increase nitrite levels, usually by 0.2–1.5 mg/litre.
3.0 OBJECTIVES The objectives of the experiment are: 1. To measure the concentration of nitrate and nitrite in water sample. 2. To analyze data and interpret the results of the nitrate and nitrite experiment.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY ECW568 2 PARTIALLY OPEN ENDED 66 1 WEEK
NITRITE AND NITRATE
1.0 INTRODUCTION Nitrite and nitrate are naturally occurring ions that are part of the nitrogen cycle. Nitrate is used mainly in inorganic fertilizers, and sodium nitrite is used as food preservatives, especially in cured meats. The nitrate concentration in groundwater and surface water is normally low but can reach high levels as a result of leaching or runoff from agricultural land or contamination from human or animal wastes as a consequence of the oxidation of ammonia and similar sources. Anaerobic conditions may result in the formation and persistence of nitrite. Chloramination may give rise to the formation of nitrite within the distribution system if the formation of chloramine is not sufficiently controlled. The formation of nitrite is because of microbial activity and may be intermittent. Nitrification in distribution systems can increase nitrite levels, usually by 0.2–1.5 mg/litre.
3.0 OBJECTIVES The objectives of the experiment are: 1. To measure the concentration of nitrate and nitrite in water sample. 2. To analyze data and interpret the results of the nitrate and nitrite experiment.
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