B.arab Topik 6
This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA
Overview
Download & View B.arab Topik 6 as PDF for free.
More details
- Words: 2,039
- Pages: 14
ƧǁƢȀŭ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǝơȂǻƗ
W
6 Džǁƾdzơ
ǵȐǰdzơ ƨȈǸƐǴǠƬdzơ ƨǴȈǐūơ :ļƘȇ ƢǷ Ǯ ă ȇƾdz ǪǬƸƬȇ Džǁƾdzơ ơǀǿ ƨȇƢĔ Ŀȁ .ǵȐǰǴdz ƨǸƟȐŭơ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǝơȂǻƗ ȄǴǟ ǥǂǠƬdzơ .1 .ǵȐǰdzơ Džǁƽ Ŀ ǁơȂƸǴdz ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ƔơǂƳƛ Ǻǟ ƨǧǂǠŭơ .2 .ǵȐǰdzơ Džǁƽ Ŀ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ƾȇƽǂƫ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƫ Ǻǟ ǭơǁƽȍơ .3 .ƨȈƥǂǠdzơ ǥȁǂūơȁ ƩơȂǏȋơ Ǫǘǻ Ŀ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ƔơǂƳƛ ǩǂǗ Ǻǟ ǭơǁƽȍơ .4
ƾȈȀŤ W ƨLJǁƢǸŭ ƨȈǷȐǰdzơ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǺǷ ơƾȇƾǟ ǭƢǼǿ džȈdzƗ ǵȐǰdzơ ǾƫǁƢȀǷ ȄǴǟ ƤdzƢǘdzơ ƣǁƾƬȇ ǦȈǯ ƨǠǧƢǼdzơ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǝơȂǻƗ DZȁƢǼƬȇ Ǿǻƛ ƮȈƷ Džǁƾdzơ ơǀǿ ǾȈǴǟ DŽǯǂȇ ȅǀdzơ ǁȂƄơ ȂǿƢǿȁ ǵȐǰdzơ ƨǸǴǰǴdz ƨȇƾȇƽǂƬdzơ ƨǘnjǻȋơȁ ƩơǁơȂūơ ʼnƾǬƬƥ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǽǀǿ ǶƬƫȁ .ǵȐǰdzơ ƨLJǁƢŲ Ŀ ƨƦǴǘǴdz ƨǟƢŦ ƢēƽƢǟƛȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ƨǬȇǂǗ ǺǷ ƨȈƥǂǠdzơ ǥȁǂūơȁ ƩơȂǏȋơ Ǫǘǻȁ ƨȇƽǂǧ ȁƗ ƨǟƢŦ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ǶȀǔǠƥ ƣȐǘdzơ śƥȁ ƣȐǘdzơȁ DžǁËƾĉ ŭơ śƥ DzǟƢǨƫ ȄǴǟ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǽǀǿ ǍǂŢȁ .ƨȇƽǂǧ ȁƗ
93
X
ǵȐǰdzơ Džǁƽ ƩơȂǘƻ : 6 Džǁƾdzơ
ļȂǐdzơ ǵƢǜǼdzơ ǵơƾƼƬLJơȁ ǶȈǴLjdzơ ǪǘǼdzơ ƨǬȇǂǗ ƤdzƢǘdzơ ǶǴǠƬȈLJ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǽǀǿ ƔơǂƳƜƥȁ .ǒǠƦdzơ .ƨȈƥǂǠdzơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ Ǫǘǻ Ŀ ƶȈƸǐdzơ
Džǁƾdzơ ǹȂǸǔǷ W ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀŭ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǝơȂǻƗ
ǥȁǂūơȁ ƩơȂǏȋơ Ǫǘǻ
ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ƾȇƽǂƫ
ƩơǁơȂūơ ʼnƾǬƫ
ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ
ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ
ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ
ƨǬǴǤǷ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ
ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ
ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ
ƨƷȂƬǨǷ
ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ
ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ
ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ
ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ ƨǬǴǤǷ
ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀŭ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǝơȂǻƗ :6 Džǁƾdzơ
W
94
ǶǿƗ ǺǷ ƾǠƫȁ ŃƢǠdzơ Ŀ ƨǤdz ƨȇƗ ȁƗ ƨȈƥǂǠdzơ ƨǤǴdzơ ǶǴǠƫ Ŀ ƨǷƢǿ ƨǘnjǻƗ DzưŤ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǹƗ Ǯ ċ Njȏ ƤdzƢǗ ƾǼǟ Ǟƥǁȋơ ƨȇȂǤǴdzơ ƩơǁƢȀŭơ ƨȈǸǼƫ ńƛ ǥƾē ƢĔȋ Ǯdzƿȁ ƨǤǴdzơ ƨLJǁƢŲ Ŀ ƨǼȈǠŭơ ǪƟơǂǘdzơ .ƨǸȈǴLJ ƨǬȇǂǘƥ ƨȈƥǂǠdzơ ƨǤǴdzơ Ǫǘǻ ǺǷ ƢǼǰǸƬǷ ǾǴǠŸ ƢŲ ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀǷ ǹƢǬƫƛ Ŀ ƨǏƢƻ ƨǤǴdzơ .ƨȇȂǤǴdzơ Ǿƫǁƾǫ śLjƸƬdz ƢȀȈǴǟ ƣǁƾƬȇ ǹƗ ƤdzƢǘdzơ ǺǰŤ ƨǨǴƬű ǝơȂǻƗ ȄǴǟ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǽǀǿ ǹȂǰƫȁ ƢǸǯ ƢȀŷȋ ǑǂǠȇ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ Ŗdzơ ǵȐǰdzơ ƨLJǁƢǸŭ ƵǂƬǬƫ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǺǷ ƧŚưǯ ǝơȂǻƗ ǭƢǼǿ :ļƘȇ ƢǸȈǧ ǹȂȇȂƥǂƬdzơ ƢȀƷǂƬǫơ ƩơǁơȂūơ ʼnƾǬƫ : ȏȁƗ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ƾȇƽǂƫ : ƢȈǻƢƯ ǥȁǂūơȁ ƩơȂǏȋơ Ǫǘǻ ƧƽƢǟƛ : ƢưdzƢƯ ƨƦƫǁ ǺǷ ńȁȋơ ƧǁƢȀŭơ DzưǸƬƫ Ŗdzơ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ƧǁƢȀŠ ƨǬȈƯȁ ƨǫȐǟ ƢŮ ƨƷǂƬǬŭơ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǽǀǿ ńƛ DZȂǏȂdzơ Ȇǿ ƨȇƢǤdzơ ƢŶƛȁ Ƣēơƿ ƾŞ ƨȇƢǤdzơ Ȇǿ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ƧǁƢȀǷ ƪLjȈdz .ƨȈLJƢLJȋơ ƩơǁƢȀŭơ ƱǁƾǼƫ Ŗdzơȁ ƨǟȂǸLjŭơ ƩơȂǏȋơ ƾȇƽǂƫ Ǿƫơǀƥ ǵȐǰdzơ ǹȋ ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀǷ Ȇǿȁ ȏƗ ƨȈǻƢưdzơ ƧǁƢȀŭơ ƔƢǼƯƗ ǝƢǸƬLJȏƢƥ ƾȈǬƬȇ ǵȐǰdzơ ǹƗ ńƛ Śnjȇ ơǀǿȁ .ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀǷ ƢǿƾǠƥ ȆǴƫȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ƧǁƢȀǷ ǺǷ ǹƜǧ Ǯdzƿ ȄǔƬǬŠ .ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀǷ ƔơǂƳƛ Ŀ ǾȈdzƛ ƾǼƬLjȇ ǹƗ ƢǔȇƗ ǾƬǠȈƦǗ ǺǷ ǾǻƗ ƢǸǯ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ ƨȈƦǴǣƗ ǺǷ ƢǸȀȈǴǯ ǹȋ ƩƢǬȈƦǘƬdzơȁ ƩƢLJǁƢǸŭơȁ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ Ŀ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ńƛ ƨƳƢŞ ǵȐǰdzơ Ǯdzƿ ȄǴǟ ƾǯƗ ƢǸǯ ǾƳǁƢƻ ȁƗ DzǐǨdzơ Dzƻơƽ Ŀ ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ ƢǷƛ ƤdzƢǘdzơ ƾǼǟ ƩƢǷơƾƼƬLJȏơ .(Rivers, W.M. 1981) ƨȈǻƢưdzơ ƨǤǴdzơ ǶȈǴǠƫ Ŀ ǺȇȂǤǴdzơ ǺȇȂƥǂƬdzơ ǶǜǠǷ
95
X
ǵȐǰdzơ Džǁƽ ƩơȂǘƻ : 6 Džǁƾdzơ
ƩơǁơȂūơ ʼnƾǬƫ
6.1
ȄǴǟ ƣǁƾƬȇ ǹƗ ƣȐǘǴdz ƶȈƬȇ Ǿǻȋ Ǯdzƿȁ ƣȐǘdzơ ƾǼǟ ǵȐǰdzơ Ƥȇǁƾƫ Ŀ ȏƢǠǧ ƢǬȇǂǗ ǁơȂūơ DzưŻ ƩơǁơȂūơ ǺǷ ƧŚưǯ ǝơȂǻƗ ǭƢǼǿȁ .ǶǴǠŭơ ǺǷ ȆƳƿȂǸǼdzơ ǪǘǼdzơ ńƛ ơȂǠƬǸLjȇ ǹƗ ƾǠƥ ƶȈƸǐdzơ ǪǘǼdzơ :(1999 Ȇŧơǁ ƾǸŰ Ɣň )ļƘȇ ƢǸǯ Ȇǿȁ ǵȐǰdzơ džȇǁƾƫ Ŀ ƢȀǷƾƼƬLjȇ ǹƗ ǶǴǠǸǴdz ǺǰŻ Ŗdzơ ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5
ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ 6.1.1 Džǁƾŭơ ǺǷ ǎǼdzơ ƧƔơǂǫ ńƛ ȁƗ ļȂǐdzơ DzȈƴLjƬdzơ ńƛ ńȁȋơ ƧǂǸǴdz ǝƢǸƬLJȏƢƥ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ ǽǀǿ ǹȂǰƫ ȄǴǟ ǹȁDŽǰƫǂȇ ƣȐǘdzơȁ ňƢǠŭơ ƵǂNj Ŀ ƨȈǴȈưǸƬdzơ ƩƢǯǂūƢƥ Džǁƾŭơ śǠƬLjȇȁ śƫǂǷ Dzǫȋơ ȄǴǟ ǽǀǿ ƔơǂƳƛ ƔƢǼƯƗ ƨǬǴǤǷ ǶȀƦƬǯ ǹȂǰƫȁ ƤƬǰdzơ ńƛ ǝȐǗȏơ ȁƗ ǂǜǼdzơ ǹȁƾƥ ǾǼǷ ƧƽǁơȂdzơ ƩơȂǏȋơ
ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀŭ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǝơȂǻƗ :6 Džǁƾdzơ
W
96
ǝȂǸLjºŭơ ǎǼdzơ ȂŴ ǶȀǨdzơ Ƨǁƾǫ ƣƢǠȈƬLJơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ƧǁƢȀǸºdz ƢƦȇǁƾƫ ƢǿǁƢƦƬǟƢƥ Ǯdzƿȁ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ .ǾǸȀǧȁ ǝȂǓȂŭơ ńƛ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ƾǠƥ ȏƛ ǪǬƸƬȇ ȏ Ǿǻƛ ƮȈƷ ǵȐǰdzơ ńƛ DZȂǏȂǴdz
ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ 6.1.2 ȄǴǟ Džǁƾŭơ ǺǷ ǎǼdzơ ƧƔơǂǫ ȁƗ ļȂǐdzơ DzȈƴLjƬdzơ ńƛ ƨȈǻƢưdzơ ƧǂǸǴdz ǝƢǸƬLJȏƢƥ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ ǽǀǿ ǹȂǰƫ ǎǼdzơ ǹȂǠƥƢƬȈǧ ƣȐǘdzơ ƢǷƗȁ ňƢǠŭơ ƵǂNj Ŀ ƨȈǴȈưǸƬdzơ ƩƢǯǂūƢƥ Džǁƾŭơ śǠƬLjȇȁ śƫǂǷ Dzǫȋơ ǝƢǸƬºLJȏơ ƧǁƢȀǷ ƤȇǁƾƬdz Ǯdzƿȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ƨȈǴǸǟ ƔơǂƳƛ ƔƢǼƯƗ ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ǶȀƦƬǯ ǹȂǰƫȁ ǶȀǼȈǟƘƥ .ƨǬƥƢLjdzơ ńȁȋơ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ ƔƢǼƯƗ ƨƦǰƫǂŭơ ƔƢǘƻȋơ Ǧnjǰdz Ǯdzǀǯȁ ǵȐǰdzơ ƨLJǁƢŲ DzƦǫ ǶȀǨdzơȁ
ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ 6.1.3 Dzǫȋơ ȄǴǟ Džǁƾŭơ ƧƔơǂǫ ȁƗ ļȂǐdzơ DzȈƴLjƬdzơ ńƛ ƨưdzƢưdzơ ƧǂǸǴdz ǝƢǸƬLJȏƢƥ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ ǽǀǿ ǹȂǰƫ ńƛ ǹȁDŽǰƫǂºȈǧ ƣȐǘdzơ ƢǷƗȁ .ňƢǠŭơ ƵǂNj Ŀ ƨȈǴȈưǸƬdzơ ƩƢǯǂūƢƥ Džǁƾŭơ śǠƬLjȇȁ śƫǂǷ ǽǀǿ ƔơǂƳƛ ƔƢǼƯƗ ƨǬǴǤǸǧ ǶȀƦƬǯ ƢǷƗ ƤƬǰdzơ ńƛ ǝȐǗȏơ ȁƗ ǂǜǼdzơ ǹȁƾƥ ǾǼǷ ƧƽǁơȂdzơ ƩơȂǏȋơ ǪȈƦǘƬdz Ǯdzǀǯȁ ƩƢǷȂǴǠŭơ ȄǴǟ DZȂǐƸǴdz ǶȀǨdzơȁ ƣƢǠȈƬLJȐdz ǦưǰǷ Ƥȇǁƾƫ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠȇȁ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ .ǪǘǼdzơ
ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ 6.1.4 ǎ Ɖ ƼNj ǁȁƽ ńȁȋơ ƨǟȂǸĐơ DzưŤȁ DzǐǨdzơ Ŀ śƬǟȂǸĐơ śƥ ǁơȂūơ ƔơǂƳƜƥ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ ǽǀǿ ǹȂǰƫ śƫƢǿ śƥ ǁơȂūơ ơǀǿ ǁȁƾȇȁ .ƾȇǃ ȐưǷ ǹĊ ƢƯ ǎ Ɖ ƼNj ǁȁƾƥ ǵȂǬƫ ƨȈǻƢưdzơ ƨǟȂǸĐơȁ ǦLJȂȇ ȐưǷ DZƉ ȁƗ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ ǽǀǿ ǹƗ ǁƢƦƬǟƢƥ Ǯdzƿȁ džǰǠdzơ ȄǴǟ ƢǸȀȈƬǴǰdz ǁȁƾdzơ ǂċȈºǤȇ Ľ ƨȇƢȀǼdzơ ńƛ śƬǟȂǸĐơ ǹƢǿƿƗ Ŀ ƪƦưƫ ŕƷ ƢēơȂǏƗȁ ƨȈƥǂǠdzơ ǥȁǂūơ ȄǴǟ ǶǿƾȇȂǠƫȁ ǶȈǴLjdzơ ǪǘǼdzơ ȄǴǟ ƣȐǘdzơ ƣǁƾƫ .ŅƢšǁơ Dzǰnjƥ ƢǿǂºȈƦǠƫ ȄǴǟ ǹȂǠȈǘƬLjȈǧ ƣȐǘdzơ
97
X
ǵȐǰdzơ Džǁƽ ƩơȂǘƻ : 6 Džǁƾdzơ
ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ
6.1.5
DzºưŻ ňƢưdzơ ƤdzƢǘdzơȁ ƢǷ ƢǐƼNj DzưŻ DZȁȋơ ƤdzƢǘdzƢǧ śƦdzƢǘdzơ śƥ ǁơȂūơ ƔơǂƳƜƥ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ ǹȂǰƫ Džȁǁƾºdzơ Ŀ ƤdzƢǘdzơ ƢȀLJǁƾȇ Ŗdzơ ƨȈǷȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀŭơ ǪȈƦǘƫ ǞǷ ƢǸȀǼȈƥ ǁơȂūơ ǁȁƾȇȁ .ǂƻƕ ƢǐƼNj ǽǀºǿ ƔƢǼƯƗ ƔƢǘƻȋơ ƶƸǐȈLJ ǾǻƜǧ Džǁƾŭơ ƢǷƗ .ƪǫȂdzơ ƔƢȀƬǻơ ŕƷ ǂǷȋơ ǂǸƬLjȇ ơǀǰǿȁ .ƨǬƥƢLjdzơ ƔơǂºƳƛ ƔƢºǼƯƗ ƨºǬǴǤǸǧ ƣȐǘdzơ ƤƬǯ ƢǷƗ ǶȈǴLjdzơ ǪǘǼdzơ ȄǴǟ ƣȐǘdzơ ƣǁƾȇ ǾǻƗ ƢǸǯ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ ŕƷ ƢēơȂǏƗȁ ƨȈƥǂǠdzơ ǥȁǂūơ ȄǴǟ ǶǿƾȇȂǠƫȁ ǪǘǼdzơ ȄǴǟ ƣȐǘdzơ Ƥȇǁƾƫ DzƳȋ Ǯdzƿȁ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ .ŅƢšǁơ Dzǰnjƥ ƢǿǂºȈƦǠƫ ȄǴǟ ǹȂǠȈǘƬLjȈǧ ƣȐǘdzơ ǹƢǿƿƗ Ŀ ƪƦưƫ
ƨȈƫơƿ ƨǠƳơǂǷ .ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀŭ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǝơȂǻƗ Ǻǟ NJǫĉƢǻ ǵȐǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ śƥ ƨǫȐǠdzơ ǹȂǰƫ ǦȈǯ ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍƢƥ ƽȂǐǬŭơ
ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ƾȇƽǂƫ
.1 .2 .3
6.2
ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǝơȂǻƗ ǺǷ Ȇǿȁ ǹƢǿƿȋơ Ŀ ƩơƽǂǨŭơ ƺȈLJǂƬdz ƢǸȀǷ ƢƦȇǁƾƫ ƨȇƾȇƽǂƬdzơ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ Dzǰnjƫ ƤºƬǰdzơȁ ƨºȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ ƢǸŮȁƗ ƢȀǬȈƦǘƬdz śƬǬȇǂǗ ńƛ ǝǃȂƬƫ Ŗdzơ ǵȐǰǴdz ƨLjȈƟǂdzơ śƬǬȇǂºǗ śƫƢºǿ ǺǷ ƢƬǴǯ ƾǻƢLjƫȁ .ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ ƢǸȀȈǻƢƯȁ ƨǬǴǤǷ ƾǼǟ ƩơƽǂǨŭơ ƨǴǫ ǹƗ ǂǷȋơ ƪƦƯ ƾǬdz .ǵȐǰdzơ ƨȈǴǸǟ ǵƢŤȍ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ǞŦ Ŀ ǂƻȉơ ƢŷƾƷƗ ȄºǴǟ ȆǤƦǼȇ ơǀdz .ȅƗǂdzơ Ɣơƾƥƛ ȁƗ ǵȐǰdzơ ƔơǂƳȍ ƪǻƢǯ ƔơȂLJ džǨǼdzƢƥ ǾƬǬƯ ǎËǬĉ Ǽƫ ǥȂLJ ƤdzƢǘdzơ śºƥȁ ǾºǼȈƥ Ʈȇƾºūơ DzȀLjȈdz ƨȈLJơǁƾdzơȁ ƨȈǷȂȈdzơ ǾƫƢȈƷ DZȂƷ ƨdzȁơƾƬŭơ ƩơƽǂǨŭƢƥ ǶǴȇ ǹƗ ƤdzƢǘdzơ .ǾƟȐǷǃ
ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀŭ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǝơȂǻƗ :6 Džǁƾdzơ
ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ
W
98
6.2.1
DzƦǫ ǺǷ DZƢǐƫȏơ ȆƟƢǼƯ DZƢLJǁƛ DZȁƢǼƬȇ Ǿǻƛȁ ǵȐǰǴdz ƨȈǟǂǨdzơ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǝơȂǻƗ ǺǷ ǕƢnjǼdzơ ơǀǿ ƾǠȇ ƢºǸȈǧ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ DzǬǼƬƫ ƮȈƷ DzǐǨdzơ Ŀ ƣȐǘdzơ ǺǷ śƬǟȂǸů ȁƗ ƣȐǘdzơȁ ǶËǴĉǠŭơ ŖȀƳ ƩƢºǸǴǰǴdz ǶºǴǠŭơ ƧƔơǂǫ ńƛ ǝƢǸƬLJȏƢƥ ƗƾƦƫ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ ǽǀǿȁ .ƨȈȀǨnjdzơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ ƨǬȇǂǗ Ǻǟ ǶȀǼȈƥ DzƳȋ ǶēƽƢǟƛ ńƛ ƪǐǼǷ Ȃǿȁ ǶȀƦƬǯ ńƛ ǂǜǼdzơ ǹȁƾƥ ǽƾǠƥ ƣȐǘdzơ ƢǿƾȈǠȇ Ľ ǺǷȁ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƨLJǁƢǸŭ ļơǀdzơ ƣǁƾƬdzơ ȄǴǟ ƣȐǘdzơ ǺǰŤ ƨǬȇǂǘdzơ ǽǀđ ƨǻƢǠƬLJȏơȁ .ǶȀǬǘǻ ƾǼǟ ƔƢǘƻȋơ ƶȈƸǐƫ ƧǁȂǐºdzơȁ .ȃǂƻȋơ ƩƢƦǴǘƬŭơ ȁƗ ƨȈǷȂȈdzơ ƩƢLJơǁƾdzơ ǺǷ ǡơǂǨdzơ ƾǼǟ DzǐǨdzơ ƱǁƢƻ ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀǷ .ƨǘǬǼdzơ ǽǀǿ ƶǓȂƫ ƨȈƫȉơ ƣȐºǘdzơ ǞȈŦ ƽƽǂȇ ǹƗ Ƣđ ƽȂǐǬŭơ ƧƾºȇƾŪơ ƨǸǴǰdzơ ƾƷơȂdzơ ƤdzƢǘdzơ ȁƗ DZȐºƻ DžËǁƎ ƾºŭơ ǶºŮ ƢǿƗǂǫ Ŗdzơ .ƨLJơǁƾdzơ
ƢǷ DŽȇDŽǠdzơ ȆǬȇƾǏ Ƣȇ ƨǸǴǰdzơ ƧƽƢǟƜƥ ƽȂǐǬŭơ ơƽǂǧ ȁƗ ƨǟƢŦ
99
X
ǵȐǰdzơ Džǁƽ ƩơȂǘƻ : 6 Džǁƾdzơ
ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ 6.2.2 ) DZƢǐºƫȏơ ȆƟƢǼƯ DZƢLJǁƛ DZȁƢǼƬȇ Ǿǻƛȁ ǵȐǰdzơ ƨLJǁƢŲ Ŀ ƨǷƢǿ ƨȈǟǂǧ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƫ DzưŻ ǕƢnjǼdzơ ơǀǿ ƨºǏǂǧ ƣȐºǘǴdz ƶȈºƬȇ ƤȇǁƾƬdzơ ơǀǿ ǹƗ Śǣ ǪƥƢLjdzơ ǕƢnjǼdzơ DzưǷ (202 ǁȂǯƾǷ ƾŧƗ ȆǴǟ ǶºËǴĉǠŭơ ƧƔơǂºǫ ńƛ ǹȂǠǸƬLjȇ ƣȐǘdzơ ǹƗ řǠȇ ơǀǿȁ .ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ ƔơǂƳƛ ƔƢǼƯƗ ƤƬǰdzơ ȄǴǟ ǝȐǗȏơ ǾºƳȁ Ȃºǿ Ƣºǿȁ Ǯdzƿ ƔƢǼƯƗ ǶȀƦƬǯ ńƛ ơȁǂǜǼȇ ǹƗ ǺǰŻȁ ǽƾǠƥ ƢĔȁƾȈǠȇȁ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƩƢǸǴǰǴdz .ǪƥƢLjdzơ DZȁȋơ ǕƢnjǼdzơȁ ňƢưdzơ ǕƢnjǼdzơ ơǀǿ śƥ ǥȐƬƻȏơ ƣȐºǘdzơȁ ǶǴǠŭơ śƥ DzǐǨdzơ Ŀ ǁȁƾȇ ǕƢnjǼdzơ ơǀŮ ƔơǂƳȍơ ǹƗ ƶǓȂǻ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ Ǯdzƿ ńƛ ơƽƢǼƬLJơ ǹƢºǯ ƔơȂºLJ ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ǶȀƦƬǯȁ ƣȐǘdzơ ƾǼǟ ǺǷ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ƾȇƽǂƬƥ ƔơǂƳȍơ ơǀǿ ǶƬȇȁ :ƨǘǬǼdzơ ǽǀǿ Ǻǟ ƨȈƸȈǓȂƬdzơ ƧǁȂǐdzơ Ȃǿ ļƘȇ ƢǸȈǧȁ .ƢȈǟƢŦ ȁƗ Ƣȇƽǂǧ ǽƙơǂƳƛ
ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ ƨǬǴǤǷ ƣȐǘdzơȁ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ǶǴǠŭơ ƗǂǬȇ ǶȀƦƬǯ ńƛ ǹȁǂǜǼȇȁ ǾȈdzƛ ǹȂǠǸƬLjȇ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ǽǀǿ ǹȁƾȈǠȇ Ľ Ǯdzƿ ƔƢǼƯƗ Ƣȇƽǂǧ ȁƗ ƢȈǟƢŦ
ƧƽƢǟƜƥ ƾǐǬȇ ƢǷ ơǀǿ...ǽȁƗ ƢȈǟƢŦ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ......ƨȇƽǂǧ
ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀŭ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǝơȂǻƗ :6 Džǁƾdzơ
100
W
ƨȈƫơƿ ƨǠƳơǂǷ ǵȐǰdzơ džȇǁƾƫ Ŀ ƢȀǼǷ ƧƽƢǨƬLJȏơ ǶǴǠŭơ ǺǰŻ Ŗdzơ ǁơȂūơ Ŀ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǝơȂǻƗ ƢǷ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ Ǫǘǻ Ŀ ƾǟƢLjƫ ƨƦLJƢǼŭơ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ Ǻǟ NJǫƢǻ
ǥȁǂūơȁ ƩơȂǏȋơ Ǫǘǻ
.1 .2
6.3
ƔƢºǘƻȋơ Ǻǟ ƧƾȈǠƥȁ ƨǸȈǴLJ ƨǬȇǂǘƥ ƨȈƥǂǠdzơ ǥȁǂūơȁ ƩơȂǏȋơ Ǫǘǻ ȄǴǟ ƨǘnjǻȋơ ǽǀǿ DŽǯǂƫ ƤȇǁƾƬdzơ ơǀǿ ČƾǠă ȇĄ .Ƣđ śǬǗƢǼdzơ Śǣ ƣȐǘdzơ ƾǼǟ ƨȈƥǂǠdzơ ƨǸǴǰdzơ Ǫǘǻ Ŀ ƧƽƢǟ ƭƾŢ Ŗdzơ ƨǠƟƢnjdzơ ƨǴǸŪơ ƔƢǼƦƥ ǶƬȀȇ ȅǀdzơ ŚƦǠƬdzơ DzƷơǂǷ ǺǷ ǦǴƬţ ƢĔƛȁ ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀǷ ƨLJơǁƽ Ŀ ǪǘǼdzơ DzƷơǂǷ ǺǷ ƢºȀȈǴǟ ƣǁƾºƬȇ ǹƗ ǺºǰŻȁ .ƨǸǴǰdzơȁ ǥǂūơȁ ƩȂǐdzơ ȄǴǟ DŽǯǂȇ ǾǻƜǧ ǪǘǼdzơ ƢǷƗȁ ǵȐǰdzơ Ŀ :ļƘȇ ƢǸǯ Ȇǿȁ ƨƷǂƬǬŭơ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzƢƥ ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀǷ ƨLJơǁƽ DZȐƻ ƤdzƢǘdzơ ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ
.1 .2 .3
101 X
ǵȐǰdzơ Džǁƽ ƩơȂǘƻ : 6 Džǁƾdzơ
Ǯ ĉ ƫƔơǂǫ ! ƪ ĉ ǼLjƷƗ .ǶȈǴLJ Ǯ ĉ Ǭǘǻȁ ƨƸȈƸǏ .... !ƪ ĉ ǼLjƷƗ !ƪ ĉ ǼLjƷƗ
ƔƢƯ ƔƢƫ ƔƢƥ ǦdzƗ ƔƢƻ ƔƢƷ ǶȈƳ .......DZơƽ
ƨºȈƥǂǠdzơ ǥȁǂºūơȁ ƩơȂºǏȋơ Ǫǘǻ ȄǴǟ ƤdzƢǘdzơ ƾȇȂǠƫ Ŀ ƨǸȀǷ ƨƷǂƬǬŭơ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǽǀǿ ǹƛ ǪºǘǼdzơ Ŀ ƨƥǁƢǬƬŭơ ǥȁǂūơȁ ƨđƢnjƬŭơ ƩơȂǏȋơ śƥ DŽȈȈǸƬdzơ ȄǴǟ ǞȈǘƬLjȇ ŕƷ ƨƸȈƸǏ ƨǬȇǂǘƥ ǥȁǂºūơȁ ƩơȂǏȋơ Ǫǘǻ Ŀ ǹȂƠǘź ƨȈƥǂǠdzƢƥ śǬǗƢǼdzơ Śǣ ƣȐǘdzơ ǹƗ ƶǓơȂdzơ Ǻă Ƿĉ ȁ .ǞǸLjdzơȁ ƢºŲ ơǀǿȁ .Ǯdzƿ Śǣȁ ƨȈǧǂūơ ƨŦǂƬdzơ Ŀ ƨƦǣǂdzơȁ ǵȋơ ǶȀƬǤǴƥ ǂƯƘƬdzơ ƢȀǼǷȁ Ƨƾǟ ƣƢƦLJȋ ƨȈƥǂǠdzơ .ƨȈǻƢưdzơ ƨǤǴdzơ ǶǴǠƫ Ŀ ǥƾŮơ ǪȈǬƸƬdz ƨǸȀǷ ǵȐǰdzơ ƨLJơǁƽ DzǠŸ
ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ 6.3.1 Ǯdzƿ ǶƬȇȁ ƣȐǘdzơ ƾǼǟ ǥȁǂūơȁ ƩơȂǏȋơ Ƥȇǁƾƫ Ŀ ƨLjȈƟǂdzơ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǺǷ ǕƢnjǼdzơ ơǀǿ ƾČ Ǡȇ Ȃǿ ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ǺǷ ƽȂǐǬŭơȁ .ƢǬƥƢLJ ǂĉǯƿƌ ƢǸǯ ǽƔơǂƳƛ Ŀ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ƧǁƢȀǷ ƨǻƢǠƬLJƢƥ :ļƘȇ ƢǸȈǧ ƢȀǼǷȁ ƧƽƾŰ ƩơȂǘƻ ȄǴǟ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ ǽǀǿ ȅǂšȁ ƣȐǘǴdz ƨȈƦȇǁƾƫ ƨȈǴǸǟ
ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀŭ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǝơȂǻƗ :6 Džǁƾdzơ
.ǾƥƢƬǯ ƤdzƢǘdzơ ǪǴǤȇ ǹƗ .ƶǓơȁ ƩȂǐƥ ƢǷ ƢƫȂǏ ǶǴǠŭơ ǪǘǼȇ ǹƗ .ǶǴǠŭơ Ǫǘǻ ńƛ ơƾȈƳ ƤdzƢǘdzơ ǞȈǸƬLjȇ ǹƗ .ǶǴǠŭơ ǺǷ Ǟũ ƢǸǟ ƧƽƢǟƛ ƤdzƢǘdzơ ǾǬǘǼȇ Ľ .ƔơǂƳȍơ ƔƢǼƯƗ ƤdzƢǘdzơ Ǫǘǻ ǶǴǠŭơ ƶƸǐȇ .ƨǬȇǂǗ džǨǼƥ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ƨȈǬƥ Ŀ ǶǴǠŭơ ǂǸƬLjȇ
W
102
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6
ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ 6.3.2 Ǯdzǀǯȁ ƣȐǘdzơ ǖȈnjǼƬdz ƨȈǷȐǰdzơ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ƽȂLjƫ Ŗdzơ ƨȈǷȐǯ ƨȈǠũ ƨȈǴǸǟ ǕƢnjǼdzơ ơǀǿ DZȁƢǼƬȇ ƨǬưdzơ ƔƢǼƥ ńƛ ȅƽƚȇ ǕƢnjǼdzơ ơǀǿ ǹƜǧ Ǯdzƿ ńƛ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥȁ .DzǐǨdzơ Ŀ ǖȈnjǼdzơ ȆLJơǁƾdzơ ȂŪơ ƽƢŸȍ :ļƘȇ ƢǸǯ ǕƢnjǼdzơ ơǀǿ ƔơǂƳƛ ǹȂǰȇȁ .ƢȈǷȂȇ ǵȐǰdzơ ƨLJǁƢǸŭ ƣȐǘdzơ DžȂǨǻ Ŀ .Ǯdzƿ ƔƢǼƯƗ ǾƥƢƬǯ ƣȐǘdzơ ǪǴǤȇ ǹƗ .ƣȐǘdzơ ǾȈdzƛ ǞǸƬLjȇȁ ƨǸǴǰǧ ƨǸǴǯ ǶǴǠŭơ ƗǂǬȇ ǹƗ .ǶǴǠŭơ ƾǼǟ ǺǷ ƨǫȂǘǼŭơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ƣȐǘdzơ ƾȈǠȇ Ľ .Ƣȇƽǂǧ ǽƾǠƥ ƾȈǠȈdz ƣȐǘdzơ ƾƷƗ ǶǴǠŭơ ǁƢƬź ǹƗ .Ǯdzƿ DZȐƻ ƣȐǘdzơ Ǫǘǻ ǶǴǠŭơ ƶƸǐȇ ǹƗ .ƨȇƢȀǼdzơ ńƛ ƤȇǁƾƬdzơ ơǀǿ ǂǸƬLjȇ ǹƗ
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6
Ŗºdzơȁ ƨƸȈƸǏ ƨǬȇǂǘƥ ƨȈƥǂǠdzơ ƨǸǴǰǴdz ǪǘǼdzơ ƨLJǁƢŲ ȄǴǟ ƣȐǘdzơ ƽȂǠƬȇ œȇǁƾƬdzơ ơǀǿ ƔơǂƳƜƥ .DzƦǬƬLjŭơ Ŀ ĺǂǠdzơ ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀǷ ƨLJơǁƽ Ŀ DzǏơȂƬŭơ ƣǁƾƬǴdz ǶŮ ơƽƢNjǁƛ ƶƦǐƫ
103 X
ǵȐǰdzơ Džǁƽ ƩơȂǘƻ : 6 Džǁƾdzơ
ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ 6.3.3 ǪºǘǼdzơ ƺȈLJǂƫ Ŀ ƧƾȈǨŭơ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǺǷ ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ ǕƢnjǻ ƾĈ ǠĄȇ ǺºǰŻ ǵȐǰdzơ ƨLJǁƢŲ Ŀ ǕƢnjǼdzơ ơǀǿ ǪȈƦǘƬƥȁ ǶȈǴLJ ǾƳȁ ȄǴǟ ƨȈƥǂǠdzơ ǥȁǂūơȁ ƩơȂǏȌdz ƔơǂºƳƛ ƔƢºǼƯƗ ƣƢƬǰdzơ ƶƬǨȇ ƮȈƷ ƔƢǘƻȋơ Ǻǟ ƾǠƬƦȇȁ ƶȈƸǐdzơ ǪǘǼdzơ ȄǴǟ ƣǁƾƬȇ ǹƗ ƤdzƢǘdzơ .ǾǬǘǻ ƾǼǟ ƔƢǘƻȋơ ƶȈƸǐƫ Ŀ ǶǴǠǸǴdz ǂǷȋơ DzȀLjȇ Ǯdzǀǯȁ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ :ļƘȇ ƢǷ ǕƢnjǼdzơ ơǀǿ ƔơǂƳƛ Ŀ ƨƷȁǂǘŭơ ƩơȂǘŬơ ǹȂǰƫȁ .ǶȀƦƬǯ ƣȐǘdzơ ƶƬǨȇ ǹƗ .ƣȐǘdzơ ǾȈdzƛ ǞȈǸƬLjȇȁ ƨǸǴǰǧ ƨǸǴǯ ǶǴǠŭơ ƗǂǬȇ ǹƗ .ǶǴǠŭơ ƾǼǟ ǺǷ ƨǫȂǘǼŭơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ƣȐǘdzơ ƾȈǠȇ Ľ .Ƣȇƽǂǧ ǽƾǠƥ ƾȈǠȈdz ƣȐǘdzơ ƾƷƗ ǶǴǠŭơ ǁƢƬź ǹƗ .Ǯdzƿ DZȐƻ ƣȐǘdzơ Ǫǘǻ ǶǴǠŭơ ƶƸǐȇ ǹơ .ƨȇƢȀǼdzơ ńƛ ƤȇǁƾƬdzơ ơǀǿ ǂǸƬLjȇ ǹƗ
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6
ƨȈƫơƿ ƨǠƳơǂǷ ǥȁǂūơȁ ƩơȂǏȋơ Ǫǘǻ Ŀ ƨƷǂƬǨŭơ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ Ȇǿ ƢǷ .ƢȀƟơǂƳƛ ƩơȂǘƻ ǹƢȈƥ ǞǷ ǥȁǂūơȁ ƩơȂǏȋơ Ǫǘǻ Ŀ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ƾƷƗ Ǻǟ ƭƾŢ
.1 .2
ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀŭ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǝơȂǻƗ :6 Džǁƾdzơ
W
104
ƨŤƢŬơ :ļƘȇ ƢǷ ǶȀǨǼLJ Džǁƾdzơ ơǀǿ ǺǷȁ Ǫǘǻȁ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ƾȇƽǂƫȁ ƩơǁơȂūơ ʼnƾǬƫ Ȃǿ ǵȐǰǴdz ƨǸƟȐŭơ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǺǷ .ǥȁǂūơȁ ƩơȂǏȋơ
.1
ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ :Ȇǿȁ ƤȈƫǂƬdzơ ƤLjƷ DzƷơǂǷ Ƨƾǟ ȄǴǟ ǁơȂūơ ʼnƾǬƫ ǹȂǰȇ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơȁ ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơȁ ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơȁ .ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơ ƧƽƢǟȍơȁ ƨǬǴǤǷ
.2
ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ :Ƣŷȁ śƬȇǂǗ ȄǴǟ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ƾȇƽǂƫ Ƥȇǁƾƫ ǹȂǰȇ ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơȁ ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ
.3
ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ Ȇǿȁ ǩǂǗ ƨƯȐƯ ȄǴǟ ǥȁǂūơȁ ƩơȂǏȋơ Ǫǘǻ Ƥȇǁƾƫ ǹȂǰȇ .ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơȁ ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơȁ
.4
ƨȈLjȈƟǂdzơ ƩƢƸǴǘǐŭơ ȱ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ ȱ ǵȋơ ƨǤǴdzơ ȱ ǥȁǂūơȁ ƩơȂǏȋơ Ǫǘǻ ȱ ƨȈǷȐǯ ƨȈǠũ ƨȈǴǸǟ ȱ ƣȐǘdzơ ǖȈnjǼƫ ȱ ƨǠƟƢnjdzơ ƔƢǘƻȋơ ȱ DzǏơȂƬŭơ ƣǁƾƬdzơ
105 X
ǵȐǰdzơ Džǁƽ ƩơȂǘƻ : 6 Džǁƾdzơ
ȱ ǪǘǼdzơ DzƷơǂǷ ǥƾŮơ ǪȈǬŢ
ǞƳơǂŭơ ǂǰǨdzơ ǁơƽ :ƧǂǿƢǬdzơ .ƨȈƥǂǠdzơ ƨǤǴdzơ ǹȂǼǧ džȇǁƾƫ .(ǵ2002) .ǁȂǯƾǷ ƾŧƗ ȆǴǟ .ĺǂǠdzơ ŚǤdz ƨȈƥǂǠdzơ ƨǤǴdzơ džȇǁƾƫ ǪƟơǂǗ .ǵ2003 .ƨǸȈǠǗ ƾŧƗ ȅƾNjǁȁ ƨǫƢǼdzơ DzǷƢǯ ƽȂǸŰ .ƧƾȇƾŪơ ǥǁƢǠŭơ ƨǠƦǘǷ :ǕƢƥǂdzơ .Ƣđ śǬǗƢǼdzơ ȆųƢºƥ .ƨºȈƥǂǠdzơ ƨºǤǴdzơ džȇǁƾƫ ǩǂǗ .ǵ1999 .ǦLJȂȇ Ɣň ȆƸȈƷǁ ƾǸŰ Ɣň .ƨȇDŽȈdzƢŭơ ƨȈǼǗȂdzơ ƨǠǷƢŪơ :ǁȂųȐLJ
.1
.2
.3
Rivers, W.M. 1981. „Teaching foreign language skills‰ (2nd Ed.). .4 Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
W
6 Džǁƾdzơ
ǵȐǰdzơ ƨȈǸƐǴǠƬdzơ ƨǴȈǐūơ :ļƘȇ ƢǷ Ǯ ă ȇƾdz ǪǬƸƬȇ Džǁƾdzơ ơǀǿ ƨȇƢĔ Ŀȁ .ǵȐǰǴdz ƨǸƟȐŭơ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǝơȂǻƗ ȄǴǟ ǥǂǠƬdzơ .1 .ǵȐǰdzơ Džǁƽ Ŀ ǁơȂƸǴdz ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ƔơǂƳƛ Ǻǟ ƨǧǂǠŭơ .2 .ǵȐǰdzơ Džǁƽ Ŀ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ƾȇƽǂƫ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƫ Ǻǟ ǭơǁƽȍơ .3 .ƨȈƥǂǠdzơ ǥȁǂūơȁ ƩơȂǏȋơ Ǫǘǻ Ŀ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ƔơǂƳƛ ǩǂǗ Ǻǟ ǭơǁƽȍơ .4
ƾȈȀŤ W ƨLJǁƢǸŭ ƨȈǷȐǰdzơ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǺǷ ơƾȇƾǟ ǭƢǼǿ džȈdzƗ ǵȐǰdzơ ǾƫǁƢȀǷ ȄǴǟ ƤdzƢǘdzơ ƣǁƾƬȇ ǦȈǯ ƨǠǧƢǼdzơ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǝơȂǻƗ DZȁƢǼƬȇ Ǿǻƛ ƮȈƷ Džǁƾdzơ ơǀǿ ǾȈǴǟ DŽǯǂȇ ȅǀdzơ ǁȂƄơ ȂǿƢǿȁ ǵȐǰdzơ ƨǸǴǰǴdz ƨȇƾȇƽǂƬdzơ ƨǘnjǻȋơȁ ƩơǁơȂūơ ʼnƾǬƬƥ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǽǀǿ ǶƬƫȁ .ǵȐǰdzơ ƨLJǁƢŲ Ŀ ƨƦǴǘǴdz ƨǟƢŦ ƢēƽƢǟƛȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ƨǬȇǂǗ ǺǷ ƨȈƥǂǠdzơ ǥȁǂūơȁ ƩơȂǏȋơ Ǫǘǻȁ ƨȇƽǂǧ ȁƗ ƨǟƢŦ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ǶȀǔǠƥ ƣȐǘdzơ śƥȁ ƣȐǘdzơȁ DžǁËƾĉ ŭơ śƥ DzǟƢǨƫ ȄǴǟ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǽǀǿ ǍǂŢȁ .ƨȇƽǂǧ ȁƗ
93
X
ǵȐǰdzơ Džǁƽ ƩơȂǘƻ : 6 Džǁƾdzơ
ļȂǐdzơ ǵƢǜǼdzơ ǵơƾƼƬLJơȁ ǶȈǴLjdzơ ǪǘǼdzơ ƨǬȇǂǗ ƤdzƢǘdzơ ǶǴǠƬȈLJ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǽǀǿ ƔơǂƳƜƥȁ .ǒǠƦdzơ .ƨȈƥǂǠdzơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ Ǫǘǻ Ŀ ƶȈƸǐdzơ
Džǁƾdzơ ǹȂǸǔǷ W ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀŭ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǝơȂǻƗ
ǥȁǂūơȁ ƩơȂǏȋơ Ǫǘǻ
ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ƾȇƽǂƫ
ƩơǁơȂūơ ʼnƾǬƫ
ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ
ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ
ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ
ƨǬǴǤǷ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ
ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ
ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ
ƨƷȂƬǨǷ
ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ
ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ
ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ
ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ ƨǬǴǤǷ
ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀŭ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǝơȂǻƗ :6 Džǁƾdzơ
W
94
ǶǿƗ ǺǷ ƾǠƫȁ ŃƢǠdzơ Ŀ ƨǤdz ƨȇƗ ȁƗ ƨȈƥǂǠdzơ ƨǤǴdzơ ǶǴǠƫ Ŀ ƨǷƢǿ ƨǘnjǻƗ DzưŤ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǹƗ Ǯ ċ Njȏ ƤdzƢǗ ƾǼǟ Ǟƥǁȋơ ƨȇȂǤǴdzơ ƩơǁƢȀŭơ ƨȈǸǼƫ ńƛ ǥƾē ƢĔȋ Ǯdzƿȁ ƨǤǴdzơ ƨLJǁƢŲ Ŀ ƨǼȈǠŭơ ǪƟơǂǘdzơ .ƨǸȈǴLJ ƨǬȇǂǘƥ ƨȈƥǂǠdzơ ƨǤǴdzơ Ǫǘǻ ǺǷ ƢǼǰǸƬǷ ǾǴǠŸ ƢŲ ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀǷ ǹƢǬƫƛ Ŀ ƨǏƢƻ ƨǤǴdzơ .ƨȇȂǤǴdzơ Ǿƫǁƾǫ śLjƸƬdz ƢȀȈǴǟ ƣǁƾƬȇ ǹƗ ƤdzƢǘdzơ ǺǰŤ ƨǨǴƬű ǝơȂǻƗ ȄǴǟ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǽǀǿ ǹȂǰƫȁ ƢǸǯ ƢȀŷȋ ǑǂǠȇ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ Ŗdzơ ǵȐǰdzơ ƨLJǁƢǸŭ ƵǂƬǬƫ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǺǷ ƧŚưǯ ǝơȂǻƗ ǭƢǼǿ :ļƘȇ ƢǸȈǧ ǹȂȇȂƥǂƬdzơ ƢȀƷǂƬǫơ ƩơǁơȂūơ ʼnƾǬƫ : ȏȁƗ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ƾȇƽǂƫ : ƢȈǻƢƯ ǥȁǂūơȁ ƩơȂǏȋơ Ǫǘǻ ƧƽƢǟƛ : ƢưdzƢƯ ƨƦƫǁ ǺǷ ńȁȋơ ƧǁƢȀŭơ DzưǸƬƫ Ŗdzơ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ƧǁƢȀŠ ƨǬȈƯȁ ƨǫȐǟ ƢŮ ƨƷǂƬǬŭơ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǽǀǿ ńƛ DZȂǏȂdzơ Ȇǿ ƨȇƢǤdzơ ƢŶƛȁ Ƣēơƿ ƾŞ ƨȇƢǤdzơ Ȇǿ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ƧǁƢȀǷ ƪLjȈdz .ƨȈLJƢLJȋơ ƩơǁƢȀŭơ ƱǁƾǼƫ Ŗdzơȁ ƨǟȂǸLjŭơ ƩơȂǏȋơ ƾȇƽǂƫ Ǿƫơǀƥ ǵȐǰdzơ ǹȋ ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀǷ Ȇǿȁ ȏƗ ƨȈǻƢưdzơ ƧǁƢȀŭơ ƔƢǼƯƗ ǝƢǸƬLJȏƢƥ ƾȈǬƬȇ ǵȐǰdzơ ǹƗ ńƛ Śnjȇ ơǀǿȁ .ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀǷ ƢǿƾǠƥ ȆǴƫȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ƧǁƢȀǷ ǺǷ ǹƜǧ Ǯdzƿ ȄǔƬǬŠ .ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀǷ ƔơǂƳƛ Ŀ ǾȈdzƛ ƾǼƬLjȇ ǹƗ ƢǔȇƗ ǾƬǠȈƦǗ ǺǷ ǾǻƗ ƢǸǯ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ ƨȈƦǴǣƗ ǺǷ ƢǸȀȈǴǯ ǹȋ ƩƢǬȈƦǘƬdzơȁ ƩƢLJǁƢǸŭơȁ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ Ŀ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ńƛ ƨƳƢŞ ǵȐǰdzơ Ǯdzƿ ȄǴǟ ƾǯƗ ƢǸǯ ǾƳǁƢƻ ȁƗ DzǐǨdzơ Dzƻơƽ Ŀ ǹȂǰƫ ǹƗ ƢǷƛ ƤdzƢǘdzơ ƾǼǟ ƩƢǷơƾƼƬLJȏơ .(Rivers, W.M. 1981) ƨȈǻƢưdzơ ƨǤǴdzơ ǶȈǴǠƫ Ŀ ǺȇȂǤǴdzơ ǺȇȂƥǂƬdzơ ǶǜǠǷ
95
X
ǵȐǰdzơ Džǁƽ ƩơȂǘƻ : 6 Džǁƾdzơ
ƩơǁơȂūơ ʼnƾǬƫ
6.1
ȄǴǟ ƣǁƾƬȇ ǹƗ ƣȐǘǴdz ƶȈƬȇ Ǿǻȋ Ǯdzƿȁ ƣȐǘdzơ ƾǼǟ ǵȐǰdzơ Ƥȇǁƾƫ Ŀ ȏƢǠǧ ƢǬȇǂǗ ǁơȂūơ DzưŻ ƩơǁơȂūơ ǺǷ ƧŚưǯ ǝơȂǻƗ ǭƢǼǿȁ .ǶǴǠŭơ ǺǷ ȆƳƿȂǸǼdzơ ǪǘǼdzơ ńƛ ơȂǠƬǸLjȇ ǹƗ ƾǠƥ ƶȈƸǐdzơ ǪǘǼdzơ :(1999 Ȇŧơǁ ƾǸŰ Ɣň )ļƘȇ ƢǸǯ Ȇǿȁ ǵȐǰdzơ džȇǁƾƫ Ŀ ƢȀǷƾƼƬLjȇ ǹƗ ǶǴǠǸǴdz ǺǰŻ Ŗdzơ ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5
ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ 6.1.1 Džǁƾŭơ ǺǷ ǎǼdzơ ƧƔơǂǫ ńƛ ȁƗ ļȂǐdzơ DzȈƴLjƬdzơ ńƛ ńȁȋơ ƧǂǸǴdz ǝƢǸƬLJȏƢƥ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ ǽǀǿ ǹȂǰƫ ȄǴǟ ǹȁDŽǰƫǂȇ ƣȐǘdzơȁ ňƢǠŭơ ƵǂNj Ŀ ƨȈǴȈưǸƬdzơ ƩƢǯǂūƢƥ Džǁƾŭơ śǠƬLjȇȁ śƫǂǷ Dzǫȋơ ȄǴǟ ǽǀǿ ƔơǂƳƛ ƔƢǼƯƗ ƨǬǴǤǷ ǶȀƦƬǯ ǹȂǰƫȁ ƤƬǰdzơ ńƛ ǝȐǗȏơ ȁƗ ǂǜǼdzơ ǹȁƾƥ ǾǼǷ ƧƽǁơȂdzơ ƩơȂǏȋơ
ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀŭ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǝơȂǻƗ :6 Džǁƾdzơ
W
96
ǝȂǸLjºŭơ ǎǼdzơ ȂŴ ǶȀǨdzơ Ƨǁƾǫ ƣƢǠȈƬLJơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ƧǁƢȀǸºdz ƢƦȇǁƾƫ ƢǿǁƢƦƬǟƢƥ Ǯdzƿȁ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ .ǾǸȀǧȁ ǝȂǓȂŭơ ńƛ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ƾǠƥ ȏƛ ǪǬƸƬȇ ȏ Ǿǻƛ ƮȈƷ ǵȐǰdzơ ńƛ DZȂǏȂǴdz
ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ 6.1.2 ȄǴǟ Džǁƾŭơ ǺǷ ǎǼdzơ ƧƔơǂǫ ȁƗ ļȂǐdzơ DzȈƴLjƬdzơ ńƛ ƨȈǻƢưdzơ ƧǂǸǴdz ǝƢǸƬLJȏƢƥ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ ǽǀǿ ǹȂǰƫ ǎǼdzơ ǹȂǠƥƢƬȈǧ ƣȐǘdzơ ƢǷƗȁ ňƢǠŭơ ƵǂNj Ŀ ƨȈǴȈưǸƬdzơ ƩƢǯǂūƢƥ Džǁƾŭơ śǠƬLjȇȁ śƫǂǷ Dzǫȋơ ǝƢǸƬºLJȏơ ƧǁƢȀǷ ƤȇǁƾƬdz Ǯdzƿȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ƨȈǴǸǟ ƔơǂƳƛ ƔƢǼƯƗ ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ǶȀƦƬǯ ǹȂǰƫȁ ǶȀǼȈǟƘƥ .ƨǬƥƢLjdzơ ńȁȋơ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ ƔƢǼƯƗ ƨƦǰƫǂŭơ ƔƢǘƻȋơ Ǧnjǰdz Ǯdzǀǯȁ ǵȐǰdzơ ƨLJǁƢŲ DzƦǫ ǶȀǨdzơȁ
ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ 6.1.3 Dzǫȋơ ȄǴǟ Džǁƾŭơ ƧƔơǂǫ ȁƗ ļȂǐdzơ DzȈƴLjƬdzơ ńƛ ƨưdzƢưdzơ ƧǂǸǴdz ǝƢǸƬLJȏƢƥ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ ǽǀǿ ǹȂǰƫ ńƛ ǹȁDŽǰƫǂºȈǧ ƣȐǘdzơ ƢǷƗȁ .ňƢǠŭơ ƵǂNj Ŀ ƨȈǴȈưǸƬdzơ ƩƢǯǂūƢƥ Džǁƾŭơ śǠƬLjȇȁ śƫǂǷ ǽǀǿ ƔơǂƳƛ ƔƢǼƯƗ ƨǬǴǤǸǧ ǶȀƦƬǯ ƢǷƗ ƤƬǰdzơ ńƛ ǝȐǗȏơ ȁƗ ǂǜǼdzơ ǹȁƾƥ ǾǼǷ ƧƽǁơȂdzơ ƩơȂǏȋơ ǪȈƦǘƬdz Ǯdzǀǯȁ ƩƢǷȂǴǠŭơ ȄǴǟ DZȂǐƸǴdz ǶȀǨdzơȁ ƣƢǠȈƬLJȐdz ǦưǰǷ Ƥȇǁƾƫ Ǯdzƿ ƾǠȇȁ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ .ǪǘǼdzơ
ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ 6.1.4 ǎ Ɖ ƼNj ǁȁƽ ńȁȋơ ƨǟȂǸĐơ DzưŤȁ DzǐǨdzơ Ŀ śƬǟȂǸĐơ śƥ ǁơȂūơ ƔơǂƳƜƥ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ ǽǀǿ ǹȂǰƫ śƫƢǿ śƥ ǁơȂūơ ơǀǿ ǁȁƾȇȁ .ƾȇǃ ȐưǷ ǹĊ ƢƯ ǎ Ɖ ƼNj ǁȁƾƥ ǵȂǬƫ ƨȈǻƢưdzơ ƨǟȂǸĐơȁ ǦLJȂȇ ȐưǷ DZƉ ȁƗ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ ǽǀǿ ǹƗ ǁƢƦƬǟƢƥ Ǯdzƿȁ džǰǠdzơ ȄǴǟ ƢǸȀȈƬǴǰdz ǁȁƾdzơ ǂċȈºǤȇ Ľ ƨȇƢȀǼdzơ ńƛ śƬǟȂǸĐơ ǹƢǿƿƗ Ŀ ƪƦưƫ ŕƷ ƢēơȂǏƗȁ ƨȈƥǂǠdzơ ǥȁǂūơ ȄǴǟ ǶǿƾȇȂǠƫȁ ǶȈǴLjdzơ ǪǘǼdzơ ȄǴǟ ƣȐǘdzơ ƣǁƾƫ .ŅƢšǁơ Dzǰnjƥ ƢǿǂºȈƦǠƫ ȄǴǟ ǹȂǠȈǘƬLjȈǧ ƣȐǘdzơ
97
X
ǵȐǰdzơ Džǁƽ ƩơȂǘƻ : 6 Džǁƾdzơ
ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ
6.1.5
DzºưŻ ňƢưdzơ ƤdzƢǘdzơȁ ƢǷ ƢǐƼNj DzưŻ DZȁȋơ ƤdzƢǘdzƢǧ śƦdzƢǘdzơ śƥ ǁơȂūơ ƔơǂƳƜƥ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ ǹȂǰƫ Džȁǁƾºdzơ Ŀ ƤdzƢǘdzơ ƢȀLJǁƾȇ Ŗdzơ ƨȈǷȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀŭơ ǪȈƦǘƫ ǞǷ ƢǸȀǼȈƥ ǁơȂūơ ǁȁƾȇȁ .ǂƻƕ ƢǐƼNj ǽǀºǿ ƔƢǼƯƗ ƔƢǘƻȋơ ƶƸǐȈLJ ǾǻƜǧ Džǁƾŭơ ƢǷƗ .ƪǫȂdzơ ƔƢȀƬǻơ ŕƷ ǂǷȋơ ǂǸƬLjȇ ơǀǰǿȁ .ƨǬƥƢLjdzơ ƔơǂºƳƛ ƔƢºǼƯƗ ƨºǬǴǤǸǧ ƣȐǘdzơ ƤƬǯ ƢǷƗ ǶȈǴLjdzơ ǪǘǼdzơ ȄǴǟ ƣȐǘdzơ ƣǁƾȇ ǾǻƗ ƢǸǯ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ ŕƷ ƢēơȂǏƗȁ ƨȈƥǂǠdzơ ǥȁǂūơ ȄǴǟ ǶǿƾȇȂǠƫȁ ǪǘǼdzơ ȄǴǟ ƣȐǘdzơ Ƥȇǁƾƫ DzƳȋ Ǯdzƿȁ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ .ŅƢšǁơ Dzǰnjƥ ƢǿǂºȈƦǠƫ ȄǴǟ ǹȂǠȈǘƬLjȈǧ ƣȐǘdzơ ǹƢǿƿƗ Ŀ ƪƦưƫ
ƨȈƫơƿ ƨǠƳơǂǷ .ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀŭ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǝơȂǻƗ Ǻǟ NJǫĉƢǻ ǵȐǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ śƥ ƨǫȐǠdzơ ǹȂǰƫ ǦȈǯ ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍƢƥ ƽȂǐǬŭơ
ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ƾȇƽǂƫ
.1 .2 .3
6.2
ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǝơȂǻƗ ǺǷ Ȇǿȁ ǹƢǿƿȋơ Ŀ ƩơƽǂǨŭơ ƺȈLJǂƬdz ƢǸȀǷ ƢƦȇǁƾƫ ƨȇƾȇƽǂƬdzơ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ Dzǰnjƫ ƤºƬǰdzơȁ ƨºȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ ƢǸŮȁƗ ƢȀǬȈƦǘƬdz śƬǬȇǂǗ ńƛ ǝǃȂƬƫ Ŗdzơ ǵȐǰǴdz ƨLjȈƟǂdzơ śƬǬȇǂºǗ śƫƢºǿ ǺǷ ƢƬǴǯ ƾǻƢLjƫȁ .ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ ƢǸȀȈǻƢƯȁ ƨǬǴǤǷ ƾǼǟ ƩơƽǂǨŭơ ƨǴǫ ǹƗ ǂǷȋơ ƪƦƯ ƾǬdz .ǵȐǰdzơ ƨȈǴǸǟ ǵƢŤȍ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ǞŦ Ŀ ǂƻȉơ ƢŷƾƷƗ ȄºǴǟ ȆǤƦǼȇ ơǀdz .ȅƗǂdzơ Ɣơƾƥƛ ȁƗ ǵȐǰdzơ ƔơǂƳȍ ƪǻƢǯ ƔơȂLJ džǨǼdzƢƥ ǾƬǬƯ ǎËǬĉ Ǽƫ ǥȂLJ ƤdzƢǘdzơ śºƥȁ ǾºǼȈƥ Ʈȇƾºūơ DzȀLjȈdz ƨȈLJơǁƾdzơȁ ƨȈǷȂȈdzơ ǾƫƢȈƷ DZȂƷ ƨdzȁơƾƬŭơ ƩơƽǂǨŭƢƥ ǶǴȇ ǹƗ ƤdzƢǘdzơ .ǾƟȐǷǃ
ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀŭ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǝơȂǻƗ :6 Džǁƾdzơ
ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ
W
98
6.2.1
DzƦǫ ǺǷ DZƢǐƫȏơ ȆƟƢǼƯ DZƢLJǁƛ DZȁƢǼƬȇ Ǿǻƛȁ ǵȐǰǴdz ƨȈǟǂǨdzơ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǝơȂǻƗ ǺǷ ǕƢnjǼdzơ ơǀǿ ƾǠȇ ƢºǸȈǧ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ DzǬǼƬƫ ƮȈƷ DzǐǨdzơ Ŀ ƣȐǘdzơ ǺǷ śƬǟȂǸů ȁƗ ƣȐǘdzơȁ ǶËǴĉǠŭơ ŖȀƳ ƩƢºǸǴǰǴdz ǶºǴǠŭơ ƧƔơǂǫ ńƛ ǝƢǸƬLJȏƢƥ ƗƾƦƫ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ ǽǀǿȁ .ƨȈȀǨnjdzơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ ƨǬȇǂǗ Ǻǟ ǶȀǼȈƥ DzƳȋ ǶēƽƢǟƛ ńƛ ƪǐǼǷ Ȃǿȁ ǶȀƦƬǯ ńƛ ǂǜǼdzơ ǹȁƾƥ ǽƾǠƥ ƣȐǘdzơ ƢǿƾȈǠȇ Ľ ǺǷȁ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƨLJǁƢǸŭ ļơǀdzơ ƣǁƾƬdzơ ȄǴǟ ƣȐǘdzơ ǺǰŤ ƨǬȇǂǘdzơ ǽǀđ ƨǻƢǠƬLJȏơȁ .ǶȀǬǘǻ ƾǼǟ ƔƢǘƻȋơ ƶȈƸǐƫ ƧǁȂǐºdzơȁ .ȃǂƻȋơ ƩƢƦǴǘƬŭơ ȁƗ ƨȈǷȂȈdzơ ƩƢLJơǁƾdzơ ǺǷ ǡơǂǨdzơ ƾǼǟ DzǐǨdzơ ƱǁƢƻ ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀǷ .ƨǘǬǼdzơ ǽǀǿ ƶǓȂƫ ƨȈƫȉơ ƣȐºǘdzơ ǞȈŦ ƽƽǂȇ ǹƗ Ƣđ ƽȂǐǬŭơ ƧƾºȇƾŪơ ƨǸǴǰdzơ ƾƷơȂdzơ ƤdzƢǘdzơ ȁƗ DZȐºƻ DžËǁƎ ƾºŭơ ǶºŮ ƢǿƗǂǫ Ŗdzơ .ƨLJơǁƾdzơ
ƢǷ DŽȇDŽǠdzơ ȆǬȇƾǏ Ƣȇ ƨǸǴǰdzơ ƧƽƢǟƜƥ ƽȂǐǬŭơ ơƽǂǧ ȁƗ ƨǟƢŦ
99
X
ǵȐǰdzơ Džǁƽ ƩơȂǘƻ : 6 Džǁƾdzơ
ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ 6.2.2 ) DZƢǐºƫȏơ ȆƟƢǼƯ DZƢLJǁƛ DZȁƢǼƬȇ Ǿǻƛȁ ǵȐǰdzơ ƨLJǁƢŲ Ŀ ƨǷƢǿ ƨȈǟǂǧ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƫ DzưŻ ǕƢnjǼdzơ ơǀǿ ƨºǏǂǧ ƣȐºǘǴdz ƶȈºƬȇ ƤȇǁƾƬdzơ ơǀǿ ǹƗ Śǣ ǪƥƢLjdzơ ǕƢnjǼdzơ DzưǷ (202 ǁȂǯƾǷ ƾŧƗ ȆǴǟ ǶºËǴĉǠŭơ ƧƔơǂºǫ ńƛ ǹȂǠǸƬLjȇ ƣȐǘdzơ ǹƗ řǠȇ ơǀǿȁ .ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ ƔơǂƳƛ ƔƢǼƯƗ ƤƬǰdzơ ȄǴǟ ǝȐǗȏơ ǾºƳȁ Ȃºǿ Ƣºǿȁ Ǯdzƿ ƔƢǼƯƗ ǶȀƦƬǯ ńƛ ơȁǂǜǼȇ ǹƗ ǺǰŻȁ ǽƾǠƥ ƢĔȁƾȈǠȇȁ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƩƢǸǴǰǴdz .ǪƥƢLjdzơ DZȁȋơ ǕƢnjǼdzơȁ ňƢưdzơ ǕƢnjǼdzơ ơǀǿ śƥ ǥȐƬƻȏơ ƣȐºǘdzơȁ ǶǴǠŭơ śƥ DzǐǨdzơ Ŀ ǁȁƾȇ ǕƢnjǼdzơ ơǀŮ ƔơǂƳȍơ ǹƗ ƶǓȂǻ ǹƗ ǺǰŻ Ǯdzƿ ńƛ ơƽƢǼƬLJơ ǹƢºǯ ƔơȂºLJ ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ǶȀƦƬǯȁ ƣȐǘdzơ ƾǼǟ ǺǷ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ƾȇƽǂƬƥ ƔơǂƳȍơ ơǀǿ ǶƬȇȁ :ƨǘǬǼdzơ ǽǀǿ Ǻǟ ƨȈƸȈǓȂƬdzơ ƧǁȂǐdzơ Ȃǿ ļƘȇ ƢǸȈǧȁ .ƢȈǟƢŦ ȁƗ Ƣȇƽǂǧ ǽƙơǂƳƛ
ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ ƨǬǴǤǷ ƣȐǘdzơȁ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ǶǴǠŭơ ƗǂǬȇ ǶȀƦƬǯ ńƛ ǹȁǂǜǼȇȁ ǾȈdzƛ ǹȂǠǸƬLjȇ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ǽǀǿ ǹȁƾȈǠȇ Ľ Ǯdzƿ ƔƢǼƯƗ Ƣȇƽǂǧ ȁƗ ƢȈǟƢŦ
ƧƽƢǟƜƥ ƾǐǬȇ ƢǷ ơǀǿ...ǽȁƗ ƢȈǟƢŦ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ......ƨȇƽǂǧ
ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀŭ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǝơȂǻƗ :6 Džǁƾdzơ
100
W
ƨȈƫơƿ ƨǠƳơǂǷ ǵȐǰdzơ džȇǁƾƫ Ŀ ƢȀǼǷ ƧƽƢǨƬLJȏơ ǶǴǠŭơ ǺǰŻ Ŗdzơ ǁơȂūơ Ŀ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǝơȂǻƗ ƢǷ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ Ǫǘǻ Ŀ ƾǟƢLjƫ ƨƦLJƢǼŭơ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ Ǻǟ NJǫƢǻ
ǥȁǂūơȁ ƩơȂǏȋơ Ǫǘǻ
.1 .2
6.3
ƔƢºǘƻȋơ Ǻǟ ƧƾȈǠƥȁ ƨǸȈǴLJ ƨǬȇǂǘƥ ƨȈƥǂǠdzơ ǥȁǂūơȁ ƩơȂǏȋơ Ǫǘǻ ȄǴǟ ƨǘnjǻȋơ ǽǀǿ DŽǯǂƫ ƤȇǁƾƬdzơ ơǀǿ ČƾǠă ȇĄ .Ƣđ śǬǗƢǼdzơ Śǣ ƣȐǘdzơ ƾǼǟ ƨȈƥǂǠdzơ ƨǸǴǰdzơ Ǫǘǻ Ŀ ƧƽƢǟ ƭƾŢ Ŗdzơ ƨǠƟƢnjdzơ ƨǴǸŪơ ƔƢǼƦƥ ǶƬȀȇ ȅǀdzơ ŚƦǠƬdzơ DzƷơǂǷ ǺǷ ǦǴƬţ ƢĔƛȁ ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀǷ ƨLJơǁƽ Ŀ ǪǘǼdzơ DzƷơǂǷ ǺǷ ƢºȀȈǴǟ ƣǁƾºƬȇ ǹƗ ǺºǰŻȁ .ƨǸǴǰdzơȁ ǥǂūơȁ ƩȂǐdzơ ȄǴǟ DŽǯǂȇ ǾǻƜǧ ǪǘǼdzơ ƢǷƗȁ ǵȐǰdzơ Ŀ :ļƘȇ ƢǸǯ Ȇǿȁ ƨƷǂƬǬŭơ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzƢƥ ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀǷ ƨLJơǁƽ DZȐƻ ƤdzƢǘdzơ ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ
.1 .2 .3
101 X
ǵȐǰdzơ Džǁƽ ƩơȂǘƻ : 6 Džǁƾdzơ
Ǯ ĉ ƫƔơǂǫ ! ƪ ĉ ǼLjƷƗ .ǶȈǴLJ Ǯ ĉ Ǭǘǻȁ ƨƸȈƸǏ .... !ƪ ĉ ǼLjƷƗ !ƪ ĉ ǼLjƷƗ
ƔƢƯ ƔƢƫ ƔƢƥ ǦdzƗ ƔƢƻ ƔƢƷ ǶȈƳ .......DZơƽ
ƨºȈƥǂǠdzơ ǥȁǂºūơȁ ƩơȂºǏȋơ Ǫǘǻ ȄǴǟ ƤdzƢǘdzơ ƾȇȂǠƫ Ŀ ƨǸȀǷ ƨƷǂƬǬŭơ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǽǀǿ ǹƛ ǪºǘǼdzơ Ŀ ƨƥǁƢǬƬŭơ ǥȁǂūơȁ ƨđƢnjƬŭơ ƩơȂǏȋơ śƥ DŽȈȈǸƬdzơ ȄǴǟ ǞȈǘƬLjȇ ŕƷ ƨƸȈƸǏ ƨǬȇǂǘƥ ǥȁǂºūơȁ ƩơȂǏȋơ Ǫǘǻ Ŀ ǹȂƠǘź ƨȈƥǂǠdzƢƥ śǬǗƢǼdzơ Śǣ ƣȐǘdzơ ǹƗ ƶǓơȂdzơ Ǻă Ƿĉ ȁ .ǞǸLjdzơȁ ƢºŲ ơǀǿȁ .Ǯdzƿ Śǣȁ ƨȈǧǂūơ ƨŦǂƬdzơ Ŀ ƨƦǣǂdzơȁ ǵȋơ ǶȀƬǤǴƥ ǂƯƘƬdzơ ƢȀǼǷȁ Ƨƾǟ ƣƢƦLJȋ ƨȈƥǂǠdzơ .ƨȈǻƢưdzơ ƨǤǴdzơ ǶǴǠƫ Ŀ ǥƾŮơ ǪȈǬƸƬdz ƨǸȀǷ ǵȐǰdzơ ƨLJơǁƽ DzǠŸ
ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ 6.3.1 Ǯdzƿ ǶƬȇȁ ƣȐǘdzơ ƾǼǟ ǥȁǂūơȁ ƩơȂǏȋơ Ƥȇǁƾƫ Ŀ ƨLjȈƟǂdzơ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǺǷ ǕƢnjǼdzơ ơǀǿ ƾČ Ǡȇ Ȃǿ ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ǺǷ ƽȂǐǬŭơȁ .ƢǬƥƢLJ ǂĉǯƿƌ ƢǸǯ ǽƔơǂƳƛ Ŀ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ ƧǁƢȀǷ ƨǻƢǠƬLJƢƥ :ļƘȇ ƢǸȈǧ ƢȀǼǷȁ ƧƽƾŰ ƩơȂǘƻ ȄǴǟ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ ǽǀǿ ȅǂšȁ ƣȐǘǴdz ƨȈƦȇǁƾƫ ƨȈǴǸǟ
ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀŭ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǝơȂǻƗ :6 Džǁƾdzơ
.ǾƥƢƬǯ ƤdzƢǘdzơ ǪǴǤȇ ǹƗ .ƶǓơȁ ƩȂǐƥ ƢǷ ƢƫȂǏ ǶǴǠŭơ ǪǘǼȇ ǹƗ .ǶǴǠŭơ Ǫǘǻ ńƛ ơƾȈƳ ƤdzƢǘdzơ ǞȈǸƬLjȇ ǹƗ .ǶǴǠŭơ ǺǷ Ǟũ ƢǸǟ ƧƽƢǟƛ ƤdzƢǘdzơ ǾǬǘǼȇ Ľ .ƔơǂƳȍơ ƔƢǼƯƗ ƤdzƢǘdzơ Ǫǘǻ ǶǴǠŭơ ƶƸǐȇ .ƨǬȇǂǗ džǨǼƥ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ƨȈǬƥ Ŀ ǶǴǠŭơ ǂǸƬLjȇ
W
102
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6
ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ 6.3.2 Ǯdzǀǯȁ ƣȐǘdzơ ǖȈnjǼƬdz ƨȈǷȐǰdzơ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ƽȂLjƫ Ŗdzơ ƨȈǷȐǯ ƨȈǠũ ƨȈǴǸǟ ǕƢnjǼdzơ ơǀǿ DZȁƢǼƬȇ ƨǬưdzơ ƔƢǼƥ ńƛ ȅƽƚȇ ǕƢnjǼdzơ ơǀǿ ǹƜǧ Ǯdzƿ ńƛ ƨǧƢǓȍƢƥȁ .DzǐǨdzơ Ŀ ǖȈnjǼdzơ ȆLJơǁƾdzơ ȂŪơ ƽƢŸȍ :ļƘȇ ƢǸǯ ǕƢnjǼdzơ ơǀǿ ƔơǂƳƛ ǹȂǰȇȁ .ƢȈǷȂȇ ǵȐǰdzơ ƨLJǁƢǸŭ ƣȐǘdzơ DžȂǨǻ Ŀ .Ǯdzƿ ƔƢǼƯƗ ǾƥƢƬǯ ƣȐǘdzơ ǪǴǤȇ ǹƗ .ƣȐǘdzơ ǾȈdzƛ ǞǸƬLjȇȁ ƨǸǴǰǧ ƨǸǴǯ ǶǴǠŭơ ƗǂǬȇ ǹƗ .ǶǴǠŭơ ƾǼǟ ǺǷ ƨǫȂǘǼŭơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ƣȐǘdzơ ƾȈǠȇ Ľ .Ƣȇƽǂǧ ǽƾǠƥ ƾȈǠȈdz ƣȐǘdzơ ƾƷƗ ǶǴǠŭơ ǁƢƬź ǹƗ .Ǯdzƿ DZȐƻ ƣȐǘdzơ Ǫǘǻ ǶǴǠŭơ ƶƸǐȇ ǹƗ .ƨȇƢȀǼdzơ ńƛ ƤȇǁƾƬdzơ ơǀǿ ǂǸƬLjȇ ǹƗ
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6
Ŗºdzơȁ ƨƸȈƸǏ ƨǬȇǂǘƥ ƨȈƥǂǠdzơ ƨǸǴǰǴdz ǪǘǼdzơ ƨLJǁƢŲ ȄǴǟ ƣȐǘdzơ ƽȂǠƬȇ œȇǁƾƬdzơ ơǀǿ ƔơǂƳƜƥ .DzƦǬƬLjŭơ Ŀ ĺǂǠdzơ ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀǷ ƨLJơǁƽ Ŀ DzǏơȂƬŭơ ƣǁƾƬǴdz ǶŮ ơƽƢNjǁƛ ƶƦǐƫ
103 X
ǵȐǰdzơ Džǁƽ ƩơȂǘƻ : 6 Džǁƾdzơ
ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ 6.3.3 ǪºǘǼdzơ ƺȈLJǂƫ Ŀ ƧƾȈǨŭơ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǺǷ ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ ǕƢnjǻ ƾĈ ǠĄȇ ǺºǰŻ ǵȐǰdzơ ƨLJǁƢŲ Ŀ ǕƢnjǼdzơ ơǀǿ ǪȈƦǘƬƥȁ ǶȈǴLJ ǾƳȁ ȄǴǟ ƨȈƥǂǠdzơ ǥȁǂūơȁ ƩơȂǏȌdz ƔơǂºƳƛ ƔƢºǼƯƗ ƣƢƬǰdzơ ƶƬǨȇ ƮȈƷ ƔƢǘƻȋơ Ǻǟ ƾǠƬƦȇȁ ƶȈƸǐdzơ ǪǘǼdzơ ȄǴǟ ƣǁƾƬȇ ǹƗ ƤdzƢǘdzơ .ǾǬǘǻ ƾǼǟ ƔƢǘƻȋơ ƶȈƸǐƫ Ŀ ǶǴǠǸǴdz ǂǷȋơ DzȀLjȇ Ǯdzǀǯȁ ƨȈǴǸǠdzơ :ļƘȇ ƢǷ ǕƢnjǼdzơ ơǀǿ ƔơǂƳƛ Ŀ ƨƷȁǂǘŭơ ƩơȂǘŬơ ǹȂǰƫȁ .ǶȀƦƬǯ ƣȐǘdzơ ƶƬǨȇ ǹƗ .ƣȐǘdzơ ǾȈdzƛ ǞȈǸƬLjȇȁ ƨǸǴǰǧ ƨǸǴǯ ǶǴǠŭơ ƗǂǬȇ ǹƗ .ǶǴǠŭơ ƾǼǟ ǺǷ ƨǫȂǘǼŭơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ƣȐǘdzơ ƾȈǠȇ Ľ .Ƣȇƽǂǧ ǽƾǠƥ ƾȈǠȈdz ƣȐǘdzơ ƾƷƗ ǶǴǠŭơ ǁƢƬź ǹƗ .Ǯdzƿ DZȐƻ ƣȐǘdzơ Ǫǘǻ ǶǴǠŭơ ƶƸǐȇ ǹơ .ƨȇƢȀǼdzơ ńƛ ƤȇǁƾƬdzơ ơǀǿ ǂǸƬLjȇ ǹƗ
.1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6
ƨȈƫơƿ ƨǠƳơǂǷ ǥȁǂūơȁ ƩơȂǏȋơ Ǫǘǻ Ŀ ƨƷǂƬǨŭơ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ Ȇǿ ƢǷ .ƢȀƟơǂƳƛ ƩơȂǘƻ ǹƢȈƥ ǞǷ ǥȁǂūơȁ ƩơȂǏȋơ Ǫǘǻ Ŀ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ƾƷƗ Ǻǟ ƭƾŢ
.1 .2
ǵȐǰdzơ ƧǁƢȀŭ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǝơȂǻƗ :6 Džǁƾdzơ
W
104
ƨŤƢŬơ :ļƘȇ ƢǷ ǶȀǨǼLJ Džǁƾdzơ ơǀǿ ǺǷȁ Ǫǘǻȁ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ƾȇƽǂƫȁ ƩơǁơȂūơ ʼnƾǬƫ Ȃǿ ǵȐǰǴdz ƨǸƟȐŭơ ƩƢƦȇǁƾƬdzơ ǺǷ .ǥȁǂūơȁ ƩơȂǏȋơ
.1
ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ :Ȇǿȁ ƤȈƫǂƬdzơ ƤLjƷ DzƷơǂǷ Ƨƾǟ ȄǴǟ ǁơȂūơ ʼnƾǬƫ ǹȂǰȇ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơȁ ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơȁ ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơȁ .ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơ ƧƽƢǟȍơȁ ƨǬǴǤǷ
.2
ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ :Ƣŷȁ śƬȇǂǗ ȄǴǟ ƧƾȇƾŪơ ƩƢǸǴǰdzơ ƾȇƽǂƫ Ƥȇǁƾƫ ǹȂǰȇ ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơȁ ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ
.3
ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ǝƢǸƬLJȏơ Ȇǿȁ ǩǂǗ ƨƯȐƯ ȄǴǟ ǥȁǂūơȁ ƩơȂǏȋơ Ǫǘǻ Ƥȇǁƾƫ ǹȂǰȇ .ƨƷȂƬǨǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơȁ ƨǬǴǤǷ ƤƬǰdzơȁ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơȁ
.4
ƨȈLjȈƟǂdzơ ƩƢƸǴǘǐŭơ ȱ ƨȇƽǂǨdzơȁ ƨȈǟƢǸŪơ ƧƽƢǟȍơ ȱ ǵȋơ ƨǤǴdzơ ȱ ǥȁǂūơȁ ƩơȂǏȋơ Ǫǘǻ ȱ ƨȈǷȐǯ ƨȈǠũ ƨȈǴǸǟ ȱ ƣȐǘdzơ ǖȈnjǼƫ ȱ ƨǠƟƢnjdzơ ƔƢǘƻȋơ ȱ DzǏơȂƬŭơ ƣǁƾƬdzơ
105 X
ǵȐǰdzơ Džǁƽ ƩơȂǘƻ : 6 Džǁƾdzơ
ȱ ǪǘǼdzơ DzƷơǂǷ ǥƾŮơ ǪȈǬŢ
ǞƳơǂŭơ ǂǰǨdzơ ǁơƽ :ƧǂǿƢǬdzơ .ƨȈƥǂǠdzơ ƨǤǴdzơ ǹȂǼǧ džȇǁƾƫ .(ǵ2002) .ǁȂǯƾǷ ƾŧƗ ȆǴǟ .ĺǂǠdzơ ŚǤdz ƨȈƥǂǠdzơ ƨǤǴdzơ džȇǁƾƫ ǪƟơǂǗ .ǵ2003 .ƨǸȈǠǗ ƾŧƗ ȅƾNjǁȁ ƨǫƢǼdzơ DzǷƢǯ ƽȂǸŰ .ƧƾȇƾŪơ ǥǁƢǠŭơ ƨǠƦǘǷ :ǕƢƥǂdzơ .Ƣđ śǬǗƢǼdzơ ȆųƢºƥ .ƨºȈƥǂǠdzơ ƨºǤǴdzơ džȇǁƾƫ ǩǂǗ .ǵ1999 .ǦLJȂȇ Ɣň ȆƸȈƷǁ ƾǸŰ Ɣň .ƨȇDŽȈdzƢŭơ ƨȈǼǗȂdzơ ƨǠǷƢŪơ :ǁȂųȐLJ
.1
.2
.3
Rivers, W.M. 1981. „Teaching foreign language skills‰ (2nd Ed.). .4 Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Related Documents
Topik 6 - Layout Plan
November 2019 10
B.arab Topik 6
December 2019 20
Lencana Keahlian Topik 6
May 2020 21
Topik
June 2020 21
Topik 4
June 2020 9
Topik 4b
July 2020 3More Documents from ""
Asignment Pend Khas Kh1
December 2019 18
Qiraat
November 2019 30
Arca 2
December 2019 22
Kajian Tindakan 1
June 2020 14
Ulasan Tentang Arca
December 2019 18