Approach Controller Lesson Plan Six Phase 6: Emergency Procedures
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APPROACH CONTROLLER LESSON PLAN SIX PHASE 6: EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Discuss General Emergency procedures.
TRAINEE PREPARATION: A. Reference:
Discuss Emergency Assistance procedures.
1. ATCINST 3710.1A Facility Manual
Discuss Overdue Aircraft procedures.
2. Letters of Agreement (LOA) Binder
Discuss Control Actions for communications failure.
3. Facility Directives
Discuss SAR duties and responsibilities.
B. Review assigned Student Support Materials as outlined in the Instructor Guide.
Discuss MEDEVAC procedures. C. Training Materials Required: Discuss BINGO profile. 1. Approach Controller (AP) LQS. Discuss Minimum and Emergency fuel procedures. ALLOTTED TEACHING TIME: 4.0 hour
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ APPROACH CONTROLLER PHASE 6 F-
APPROACH CONTROLLER LESSON PLAN SIX PHASE 6: EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
A. General. It is not at all uncommon for emergency situations to develop in W-291. Aircraft often run short of fuel after unsuccessful attempts to trap aboard the carrier, engine or gear malfunctions arise, and aircraft have even crashed. It is primarily the assistant controller who effects the emergency coordination that is absolutely vital to the favorable resolution of an emergency.
A. Read the paragraph in the adjacent column to your trainee. Explain to the trainee your own understanding of a controller’s role during an emergency. Include personal experiences of emergencies you’ve handled in the past.
1. Emergency Determinations
1. Refer trainee to FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 10-1-1. Discuss with trainee again possible distress conditions. Examples: Distress. MAY DAY. A short list of events that may constitute a distress condition and precipitate the declaration of an emergency includes a fire aboard the aircraft, emergency fuel, hydraulic or gear failure, and engine outs. Examples: Urgency. PAN PAN. A similar list for urgency situations might include navigational difficulties, extreme weather, or crew complications. On 18 Feb. 2007, an Australian P-3C Orion made a Pan-Pan broadcast due to flight control issues. There was no elaboration as to the nature of these flight control malfunctions. The Orion was offered a direct route to recovery at NAS North Island, but declined and took the standard routing of ZOOLU..SKATE..NZY instead. The pilot subsequently declared an emergency, yet never accepted more direct routing.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ APPROACH CONTROLLER PHASE 6 F-
APPROACH CONTROLLER LESSON PLAN SIX PHASE 6: EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
2. Obtaining Information. 3. Providing Assistance (FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 101-3).
4. Responsibility (FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 10-1-4).
2. Refer trainee to FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 10-1-2 and instruct him/her to read aloud. Use the list of possible emergencies arrived at by the trainee in “emergency determinations” to discuss what information might be needed in each case to handle such an emergency intelligently. Discuss with the trainee what information not obtained before an attempt to provide assistance may be detrimental to such efforts. Examples include coordination to rig arresting gear without the pilot’s request or issuing a control instruction before intentions are known. Read FAR § 91.3 to trainee. Emphasize that final authority rests with the pilot in command who may deviate from regulations or control instructions, but only to with good reason in his/her judgment. 4. Instruct the trainee to FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 101-4.
5. Coordination (FAAO 7110.65 para 10-1-5).
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ APPROACH CONTROLLER PHASE 6 F-
APPROACH CONTROLLER LESSON PLAN SIX PHASE 6: EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
6. Inflight Emergencies involving Military Fighter-type aircraft
6. Instruct the trainee to turn to FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 10-1-7 and discuss what a flameout pattern is.
B. Emergency Assistance 1. Information Requirements 2. Frequency Changes Although 121.5 MHz and 243.0 MHz are emergency frequencies, it might be best to keep the aircraft on the initial contact frequency. Change frequencies only when there is a valid reason.
3. Aircraft Orientation
1. Refer trainee to paragraph 10-2-1 and before he/she reads the section, ask the trainee what the three pieces of information are required of the pilot before a controller may start assistance (aircraft identification and type; nature of the emergency; pilot’s desires). If the trainee does not know or hesitates, read only the first part of the applicable paragraph to trainee. In what will amount to a brainstorming exercise, illicit responses from trainee as to what additional information may be useful. Pare down that list to what is provided in the latter portion of 10-2-1. 3. Instruct the trainee to turn to FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 10-2-3.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ APPROACH CONTROLLER PHASE 6 F-
APPROACH CONTROLLER LESSON PLAN SIX PHASE 6: EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
4. Altitude Change for Improved Reception
4. Instruct the trainee to turn to FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 10-2-4.
5. Emergency Situations
5. Instruct the trainee to turn to FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 10-2-5.
6. Hijacked Aircraft (FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 10-2-6). When you observe a Mode 3/A Code 7500, an unexplained loss of beacon code, change in direction of flight or altitude, and/or a loss of communications, notify supervisory personnel immediately.
6. Prior to reading this section ask the trainee what 7500 means. Question: Who will FACSFAC contact if a aircraft in W291 was to be hijacked? Answer: Los Angeles Center Question: If a pilot replies “affirmative” when asked if squawking 7500 what should you do? Answer: Be responsive to the aircrafts request
7. VFR Aircraft in Weather Difficulty
7. Instruct the trainee to turn to FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 10-2-7.
8. Radar Assistance to VFR Aircraft in weather difficulty.
8. Insruct the trainee to turn to FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 10-2-8.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ APPROACH CONTROLLER PHASE 6 F-
APPROACH CONTROLLER LESSON PLAN SIX PHASE 6: EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
9. Radar Assistance Techniques 10. Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) Signals.
11. Aircraft Bomb Threats
10. Instruct trainee to read FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 10-2-10. Describe what an ELT signal sounds like and any cases where you, the instructor, have heard one. Discuss with the trainee why it is important to record the time the signal was first and last heard. Why would the altitude of the reporting aircraft be important? Possible answers include the ability to determine the likely distance of the ELT taking into account the added distance (slant range) altitude imposes. Question: When may an ELT be tested? Answer: During the first five minutes of the hour (Aeronautical Information Manual 6-2-5). 11. Instruct the trainee to read section 10-2-11 notes 1 and 2 in the FAAO 7110.65. Instruct the trainee to read Para 2-7-6 in the 7210.3.
12. Emergency Airport recommendation a. Consider the following factors when recommending an emergency airport: 1. Remaining fuel in relation to airport distances. 2. Weather conditions. 3. Airport conditions. 4. NAVAID status. 5. Aircraft type. 6. Pilot's qualifications.
12. Instruct the trainee to turn to FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 10-2-15. Before reading the adjacent column, ask the trainee for 3 factors that may determine emergency airport recommendations. **NOTE. Depending on the nature of the emergency, certain weather phenomena may deserve weighted consideration when recommending an airport; e.g., a pilot may elect to fly farther to land at an airport with VFR instead of IFR conditions.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ APPROACH CONTROLLER PHASE 6 F-
APPROACH CONTROLLER LESSON PLAN SIX PHASE 6: EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
13. Guidance to Emergency Airport
13. Instruct the trainee to turn to FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 10-2-16.
a. When necessary, use any of the following for guidance to the airport: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Radar. DF. Following another aircraft. NAVAIDs. Pilotage by landmarks. Compass headings.
C. Overdue Aircraft
C. Reference the FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 10-3-1.
D. Control Actions
D. Reference the FAAO 7110.65 page 10-4-1.
1. Communications Failure E. SAR Controller Duties and Responsibilities F. MEDEVAC A MEDEVAC is a medical evacuation required for patients who are injured beyond the capability of the ship or station’s medical facilities to treat him/her properly. The patient must be transferred to a major hospital. In many cases, a delay may mean the loss of a limb, eye or life. G. BINGO
G. Instruct the trainee to the NAVAIR 00-80T-114.
An order to proceed to and land at the field specified, utilizing a bingo profile. Aircraft is considered to be in ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ APPROACH CONTROLLER PHASE 6 F-
APPROACH CONTROLLER LESSON PLAN SIX PHASE 6: EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
an emergency/fuel critical situation. Bearing, distance, and destination shall be provided. H. FUEL 1. Minimum Fuel. Indicates that an aircraft's fuel supply has reached a state where, upon reaching the destination, it can accept little or no delay. This is not an emergency situation but merely indicates an emergency situation is possible should any undue delay occur.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ APPROACH CONTROLLER PHASE 6 F-
APPROACH CONTROLLER LESSON PLAN SIX PHASE 6: EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ APPROACH CONTROLLER PHASE 6 F-
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Discuss General Emergency procedures.
TRAINEE PREPARATION: A. Reference:
Discuss Emergency Assistance procedures.
1. ATCINST 3710.1A Facility Manual
Discuss Overdue Aircraft procedures.
2. Letters of Agreement (LOA) Binder
Discuss Control Actions for communications failure.
3. Facility Directives
Discuss SAR duties and responsibilities.
B. Review assigned Student Support Materials as outlined in the Instructor Guide.
Discuss MEDEVAC procedures. C. Training Materials Required: Discuss BINGO profile. 1. Approach Controller (AP) LQS. Discuss Minimum and Emergency fuel procedures. ALLOTTED TEACHING TIME: 4.0 hour
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ APPROACH CONTROLLER PHASE 6 F-
APPROACH CONTROLLER LESSON PLAN SIX PHASE 6: EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
A. General. It is not at all uncommon for emergency situations to develop in W-291. Aircraft often run short of fuel after unsuccessful attempts to trap aboard the carrier, engine or gear malfunctions arise, and aircraft have even crashed. It is primarily the assistant controller who effects the emergency coordination that is absolutely vital to the favorable resolution of an emergency.
A. Read the paragraph in the adjacent column to your trainee. Explain to the trainee your own understanding of a controller’s role during an emergency. Include personal experiences of emergencies you’ve handled in the past.
1. Emergency Determinations
1. Refer trainee to FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 10-1-1. Discuss with trainee again possible distress conditions. Examples: Distress. MAY DAY. A short list of events that may constitute a distress condition and precipitate the declaration of an emergency includes a fire aboard the aircraft, emergency fuel, hydraulic or gear failure, and engine outs. Examples: Urgency. PAN PAN. A similar list for urgency situations might include navigational difficulties, extreme weather, or crew complications. On 18 Feb. 2007, an Australian P-3C Orion made a Pan-Pan broadcast due to flight control issues. There was no elaboration as to the nature of these flight control malfunctions. The Orion was offered a direct route to recovery at NAS North Island, but declined and took the standard routing of ZOOLU..SKATE..NZY instead. The pilot subsequently declared an emergency, yet never accepted more direct routing.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ APPROACH CONTROLLER PHASE 6 F-
APPROACH CONTROLLER LESSON PLAN SIX PHASE 6: EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
2. Obtaining Information. 3. Providing Assistance (FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 101-3).
4. Responsibility (FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 10-1-4).
2. Refer trainee to FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 10-1-2 and instruct him/her to read aloud. Use the list of possible emergencies arrived at by the trainee in “emergency determinations” to discuss what information might be needed in each case to handle such an emergency intelligently. Discuss with the trainee what information not obtained before an attempt to provide assistance may be detrimental to such efforts. Examples include coordination to rig arresting gear without the pilot’s request or issuing a control instruction before intentions are known. Read FAR § 91.3 to trainee. Emphasize that final authority rests with the pilot in command who may deviate from regulations or control instructions, but only to with good reason in his/her judgment. 4. Instruct the trainee to FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 101-4.
5. Coordination (FAAO 7110.65 para 10-1-5).
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ APPROACH CONTROLLER PHASE 6 F-
APPROACH CONTROLLER LESSON PLAN SIX PHASE 6: EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
6. Inflight Emergencies involving Military Fighter-type aircraft
6. Instruct the trainee to turn to FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 10-1-7 and discuss what a flameout pattern is.
B. Emergency Assistance 1. Information Requirements 2. Frequency Changes Although 121.5 MHz and 243.0 MHz are emergency frequencies, it might be best to keep the aircraft on the initial contact frequency. Change frequencies only when there is a valid reason.
3. Aircraft Orientation
1. Refer trainee to paragraph 10-2-1 and before he/she reads the section, ask the trainee what the three pieces of information are required of the pilot before a controller may start assistance (aircraft identification and type; nature of the emergency; pilot’s desires). If the trainee does not know or hesitates, read only the first part of the applicable paragraph to trainee. In what will amount to a brainstorming exercise, illicit responses from trainee as to what additional information may be useful. Pare down that list to what is provided in the latter portion of 10-2-1. 3. Instruct the trainee to turn to FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 10-2-3.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ APPROACH CONTROLLER PHASE 6 F-
APPROACH CONTROLLER LESSON PLAN SIX PHASE 6: EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
4. Altitude Change for Improved Reception
4. Instruct the trainee to turn to FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 10-2-4.
5. Emergency Situations
5. Instruct the trainee to turn to FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 10-2-5.
6. Hijacked Aircraft (FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 10-2-6). When you observe a Mode 3/A Code 7500, an unexplained loss of beacon code, change in direction of flight or altitude, and/or a loss of communications, notify supervisory personnel immediately.
6. Prior to reading this section ask the trainee what 7500 means. Question: Who will FACSFAC contact if a aircraft in W291 was to be hijacked? Answer: Los Angeles Center Question: If a pilot replies “affirmative” when asked if squawking 7500 what should you do? Answer: Be responsive to the aircrafts request
7. VFR Aircraft in Weather Difficulty
7. Instruct the trainee to turn to FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 10-2-7.
8. Radar Assistance to VFR Aircraft in weather difficulty.
8. Insruct the trainee to turn to FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 10-2-8.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ APPROACH CONTROLLER PHASE 6 F-
APPROACH CONTROLLER LESSON PLAN SIX PHASE 6: EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
9. Radar Assistance Techniques 10. Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) Signals.
11. Aircraft Bomb Threats
10. Instruct trainee to read FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 10-2-10. Describe what an ELT signal sounds like and any cases where you, the instructor, have heard one. Discuss with the trainee why it is important to record the time the signal was first and last heard. Why would the altitude of the reporting aircraft be important? Possible answers include the ability to determine the likely distance of the ELT taking into account the added distance (slant range) altitude imposes. Question: When may an ELT be tested? Answer: During the first five minutes of the hour (Aeronautical Information Manual 6-2-5). 11. Instruct the trainee to read section 10-2-11 notes 1 and 2 in the FAAO 7110.65. Instruct the trainee to read Para 2-7-6 in the 7210.3.
12. Emergency Airport recommendation a. Consider the following factors when recommending an emergency airport: 1. Remaining fuel in relation to airport distances. 2. Weather conditions. 3. Airport conditions. 4. NAVAID status. 5. Aircraft type. 6. Pilot's qualifications.
12. Instruct the trainee to turn to FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 10-2-15. Before reading the adjacent column, ask the trainee for 3 factors that may determine emergency airport recommendations. **NOTE. Depending on the nature of the emergency, certain weather phenomena may deserve weighted consideration when recommending an airport; e.g., a pilot may elect to fly farther to land at an airport with VFR instead of IFR conditions.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ APPROACH CONTROLLER PHASE 6 F-
APPROACH CONTROLLER LESSON PLAN SIX PHASE 6: EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
13. Guidance to Emergency Airport
13. Instruct the trainee to turn to FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 10-2-16.
a. When necessary, use any of the following for guidance to the airport: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Radar. DF. Following another aircraft. NAVAIDs. Pilotage by landmarks. Compass headings.
C. Overdue Aircraft
C. Reference the FAAO 7110.65 paragraph 10-3-1.
D. Control Actions
D. Reference the FAAO 7110.65 page 10-4-1.
1. Communications Failure E. SAR Controller Duties and Responsibilities F. MEDEVAC A MEDEVAC is a medical evacuation required for patients who are injured beyond the capability of the ship or station’s medical facilities to treat him/her properly. The patient must be transferred to a major hospital. In many cases, a delay may mean the loss of a limb, eye or life. G. BINGO
G. Instruct the trainee to the NAVAIR 00-80T-114.
An order to proceed to and land at the field specified, utilizing a bingo profile. Aircraft is considered to be in ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ APPROACH CONTROLLER PHASE 6 F-
APPROACH CONTROLLER LESSON PLAN SIX PHASE 6: EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
an emergency/fuel critical situation. Bearing, distance, and destination shall be provided. H. FUEL 1. Minimum Fuel. Indicates that an aircraft's fuel supply has reached a state where, upon reaching the destination, it can accept little or no delay. This is not an emergency situation but merely indicates an emergency situation is possible should any undue delay occur.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ APPROACH CONTROLLER PHASE 6 F-
APPROACH CONTROLLER LESSON PLAN SIX PHASE 6: EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ APPROACH CONTROLLER PHASE 6 F-
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