Agric Annual Report 2007

Bahr-El-Ghazal

AGRICULTURE PROJECT- BAHR-EL-GHAZAL

Agriculture Annual report: 2007

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ANNUAL REPORT 2007

SUMMARY International Aid Services has been operating in Northern Bahr-El-Ghazal region since the year 2000. It has helped to improve the food security situation especially in Aweil East and West County. Aweil East County has 7 payams with a total population of 374,112 people. IAS Food security activities in the county have concentrated in 3 payams; Wunlang payam whose population is 62979 people;

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Yargot payam with a population of 42324 people and Mangok with a population of 35643 people. In Aweil West IAS has supported the community in two payams; Mariam East and West. IAS overall objective is to support the recovery and rehabilitation of rural communities in South Sudan and promote an enabling situation for transition to development. Major areas that agriculture sector addresses are accessibility to basic services in relation to food and to provide skills and tools to build the communities self-reliance and project ownership. These objectives are achievable through a number of activities; provision of humanitarian assistance to the returns particularly agricultural resettlement kits and building the capacities of the key agricultural personnel and selected individual groups in the community. The overall result is to have a community whose livelihood has improved. There need to be seen a sustainable and dignified return and reintegration of the returnee population with ability to achieve sustainable food security status. The current situation warrants the participation of community groups in the rural development. IAS has aimed at promoting food security through income generation leading to sustainable development and self reliance in rural livelihood. IAS has focused on Income generation for sustainable recovery and development. In the year IAS has supported 470 rice contract farmers with high quality rice seeds and tools. Other supported groups are 200 contact farmers who benefited from formal agricultural workshops. During the year IAS has conducted agricultural training for 37 community based agricultural extension workers (CBAEWs) covering horticultural production, agronomical practices, farm management, agriculture extension among others.

1. Introduction International Aid Services has been operating in Northern Bahr-El-Ghazal region since the year 2000. It has helped to improve the food security situation especially in Aweil East and West County. Aweil East County has 7 payams with a total population of 374,112 people. IAS Food security activities in the county have concentrated in 3 payams; Wunlang payam whose population is 62979 people; Yargot payam with a

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population of 42324 people and Mangok with a population of 35643 people. In Aweil West IAS has supported the community in two payams; Mariam East and West. The communities of Bhar-el-Ghazal generally depend on agriculture especially after so many people are without cattle due to the war which left many people who used to depend on cattle to turn to agriculture. Fishing is also one of the areas for their survival. The people in Aweil East suffered a great deal during the time of one of the African longest war between the government of Sudan and Sudan People Liberation Movement/Army. The government used the Arabs militias to kill, rape and abducts many children and women in Aweil. People lost their property during the 21 years of war. Agricultural and other activities would not take place during then. Thousands and thousands of people fled to other African countries for refuge. Other sectors ranging from Education to health suffered too. Many children dropped out of school due to the physical insecurity as well as the hunger situation. Today, there are positive changes brought by CPA (Comprehensive Peace Agreement). Since the signing of the CPA in 2002 to date, the area has remained peaceful. The prevailing peace has resulted to the region being one of the return points for both transit returnees and those who are coming to settle there. The influx of returnees year after year gives additional pressure to the host households. The host households grow mainly sorghum, and groundnuts as staple food crops. In normal environment, these could produce the bulk of food security, but natural calamities such as draught would negate the effort of the people hence rendering them to always be food insecure. Sometimes it is not a problem of draught but late planting. Poor tools and methods of cultivation bring about late planting. There is need to sensitize the communities on the importance of early planting. In order to ensure improved livelihood among the people, there is a need to equip the community with tools and seeds to assist them in the recovery process. Major targets are the host households, the returnees and community groups. 1.2. Problem analysis Almost every year Annual Needs and Livelihood (ANLA) assessment conducted indicated food security as below normal or not meeting the average household consumption needs. Cultivation in Bahr-el-Ghazal is usually characterized by late rain that is scarce, erratic, unreliable and unevenly distributed. The rain increases later so much that further cultivation is hampered. More often where rains delay there are usually cases of pest infestation. This usually results to poor crop performance. The communities would every year have a food deficit of 40 to 50%. The food insecurity situation is aggravated by the returnees’ influx. Aweil counties have always been recording high figures of the returns. Even in the peace scenario more returnees are registered. In order to meet the need of the resident and returnees population, there is need to provide seeds and tools to host and the returnees’ households in the targeted area. The traditional system of planting continues to contribute to the low development in the Agriculture sector. Even if all the inputs are there, there should be trained agriculture

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extension workers who will constantly be training farmers on improved method of cultivation and the need to utilize early rains. Current situation International NGOS have all along been distributing seeds and tools to achieve the objective of alleviating the sufferings of the people. IAS agriculture sector is trying to combat food insecurity in the area by strengthening agricultural extension services through training program; training of contact farmers and agriculture training for inservice agriculture extension personnel. The sector also focuses on income generation targeting rice farmers for seeds and tools on cost recovery scheme. It aims at transforming the traditional method of agriculture and or livelihood to modernized methods that would yield into increased food production and nutritional well being of the people. IAS is advocating for better methods of cultivation. Schools are entry point towards realizing the objective of better ways of farming. Weather and food security situation in 2007 Rainfall started in Mid May with only 34mm and peak in August and September. The river water level started incresed resulting to floods. See flood report on pp 12.. Generally cultivation started in June with simsim, sorghum and vegetable crops. However, this was only in a few areas as the rain was very erratic and unevenly distributed. Cultivation generally picked up well in the second and 3rd weeks of June. Rice cultivation had however not started by the end of June. Late rains contributed to the delay in rice cultivation.

2.0 PROGRAM ISSUES 2.1 Overall objective The agriculture sector’s overall objective is to support the recovery and rehabilitation of rural communities in South Sudan and promote an enabling situation for transition to development. Major areas that agriculture sector addresses are accessibility to basic services in relation to food and to provide skills and tools to build the communities selfreliance and project ownership. These objectives are achievable through a number of activities; provision of humanitarian assistance to the returns in terms of resettlement kits and building the capacities of the key agricultural personnel and selected individual groups in the community. For the sector to meet the objective, it focused on the following; the need to increase food production in the region through the provision of high quality seeds and improved farm tools to the farming households-both residents and returnees, Capacity building for the local farmers and local community structures, promotion of environmental practices and promotion of fishery industry. 2.2 Target group and achievements

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In Capacity building, IAS has conducted Agriculture training for community based extension workers with an objective of equipping the community with experienced people who are committed to serve and ensure better delivery of agricultural extension services. IAS has trained 40 Contact farmers in ox plough cultivation with the objective to increase acreage cultivated using oxen cultivation as a modern technology. IAS has supported organized groups to start income generation activities. 8 women groups have been trained in horticultural production in order to ensure availability of vegetables and cash among households. 500 Rice contract farmers have been supported with 16 MT rice seeds and tools for rice cultivation. This is also aimed at building the cash base of the households. This has operated on a cost recovery scheme. The rice farmers in the previous year were able to pay their cost recovery seeds to the tune of 7.1 MT out of the 12.5 MT distributed. This has this time indicated that the project is sustainable. Other areas of intervention in the year were; provision of seeds and tools in support of the returnees. The following is a summary of the achievements of the project:  Construction of the Training center’s office and a training centre’s residential house.  Successful beginning of the 6th batch of Agriculture training in June 1st 2006. 37 agriculture     

extension workers graduated on the 12th September. A total of 8 MT of rice seeds purchased locally from rice contract farmers in Aweil East County and in Mariam payam AWC. 3 MT of rice seeds received from farmers as cost recovery seeds 11 MT of rice seeds distributed to 470 household rice contract farmers in Wunlang, Mangok and Yargot in Aweil East county and Mariam in Aweil West. School gardens in AWC and ANC benefited from 1.8 MT of rice 3000 agro forestry tree seedlings raised and distributed to 850 in Mangok and Mariam payams. 5 Boma development committees(128 people) received 6 months training in land and natural resource management

2.3 ACTIVITIES

Capacity building for land and natural resource management and community driven recovery in post conflict South Sudan This is a six months pilot project conducted by IAS in partnership with Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) in Wunlang payam in Aweil East county. It started in February 2007and completed in July 2007. The training concentrated on the below critical pathways: -

Community sensitization Visioning and goal setting Mapping and characterization of the management areas(Sketch maps developed) Analysis of the history of the bomas and population movements in and out of the boma Analysis of livelihood, livelihood capitals, strategies and outcomes Assessing natural resources and accessibility

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-

Assessing sustainability of the boma natural resources Analysis of problems related to natural resource use and proposing solutions Making a resource management plan

Sensitization was conducted for Aweil East County authorities and the community of Wunlang payam on the 8th February 2007.

Community sensitization in Wunlang bomas Sensitization continued until 23rd February. After the sensitization, it followed the election of Boma Development Committees (BDCs). These were selected by the communities themselves while the project team monitored the selection as it gave advice on a proper election of a representative Boma development committee.

Boma development committees have been formed in 5 bomas namely: Malualkuel, Manyiel, Wardong, Malualdit and Gal. The membership ranged from 24 to 25. The project achieved the following outputs:  Bomas Organized into representative Boma Development Associations (BDCs);  Adequate mechanisms for access to land and natural resources, ii) restitution of rights and iii) land/property disputes identified;

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 Communities and other stakeholders capacity to use these mechanisms strengthened;  Capacity of the BDC to engage in the participatory assessment and planning process developed;  Women participation in public institutions responsible for land administration and land policy development enhanced;  Trained and well-informed resource management groups established at boma level able to handle natural resource management and development interventions;  Boma land and resource management plans developed. For more details, refer to the report on Capacity building in Land and Natural resource management IAS/FAO 2007.

Tools and seeds distribution IAS supported Farming households in Aweil East and West Counties with seeds and tools. Most of what was distributed in terms of seeds was rice seeds. 11.75 MT of the rice seeds and hand hoes were distributed to rice contract farmers in 4 payams Payam YARGOT WUNLANG MARIAM MANGOK

No. of beneficieries Rice seeds in Kg Hoes 150 3750 100 2500 160 4000 60 1500 470 11750

Malodas Sickles

Expected feddans 75 50 80 30 235

Construction Constructing new infrastructures as well as developing the ones started and left uncompleted has been a big task in a bid to provide the community with a well constructed agriculture training centre. The task started in the 1st quarter with fence construction. Constructing the fence completed in April 2007. This entailed installing a permanent fence made of interlinked wire and metal posts covering a perimeter of 680m. This covered the training centre, staff residential quarter and the college garden. Other construction activities have been the completion of the office block for the training centre. This is in two blocks, a three office block measuring 16m x 7m and Training Center’s office. There is also a modern residential house for teachers’ accommodation. The pictorial below gives an illustration of the construction work done in 2007.

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One residential house and 2 office blocks wereostrutedadopleted

Training program Agriculture training

Supporting recovery and rehabilitation Agriculture sector has aimed at supporting the recovery and rehabilitation of rural communities in the region and promoting an enabling situation for transition to development. Major areas covered in this 3rd quarter are; Agriculture training for community based agriculture extension workers, agriculture workshops for contact farmers and capacity building for land and natural resource management for five Boma development committees.

Agriculture training for community based agriculture extension workers

The three month-Agriculture training for community based agriculture extension workers completed in the month of August; with graduation taking place on the 11th of September 2007. Aweil East County commissioner presided at the graduation ceremony and presented certificate of completion to 37 CBAEWs. The graduands have been equipped with relevant knowledge and skills in basic agriculture to enable them transform the community through training others and assist them identify opportunities available for sustainable agriculture. All these geared towards making a contribution to sustainable food security in the area and creating self-reliance among communities. Subjects covered Agriculture Annual report: 2007

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are; Agriculture extension, Agronomy, Horticulture, Farm management, Human nutrition, Agro-forestry and Animal husbandry. The pictorial below shows some training sessions.

Nursery beds preparation

Crops planted in rows:

A good mix of manure and top soil

Maize

sorghum

Hedgerow with local Thou tree seedlings Figure

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Tree seedlings in a nursery

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Nutrition practicals:

Meals preparation

For a detailed report, refer to the June-September2007 Agriculture training report

Household Income generation Rice contract farming The rice project in Aweil County is operating on a cost recovery scheme for 470 rice contract farmers. A total of 11MT of rice seeds was purchased locally and distributed to the beneficiaries to plant 75 acres in Yargot, 50 acres in Wunlang, 80acres in Mariam payam and 30 acres in Mangok. Planting took place in June to July 2007. Cultivation was however negatively affected as only a few acres were cultivated. People put all their hope for land cultivation on the government tractor that was provided for Aweil East County. After just ploughing about 50 acres, the tractor broke down; leaving the farmers waiting for mechanical breakdown to be rectified for the work to resume. Work did not resume. However, cultivation in Mariam payam was not affected. The 160 farmers supported by IAS in 2007 have managed to cultivate 80 acres of rice. In Mangok, Wunlang and Yargot, the little cultivated rice was swept away by floods. The flood resulted from heavy rains that pounded the area in July to September. Rice among other crops cultivated was damaged by the flood water.

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5. School garden The school garden project is operated as an income generation project for schools. It aims at producing food for the institutions as well as serving as a tool for teaching better agriculture practices to both the young and adult learners in the community. During the 2nd quarter, the following were achieved.  0.8MT rice seeds purchased locally and distributed to 12 schools in Aweil West County. These are among the schools IAS is supporting under education project. 280 hand hoes were distributed to the schools as well.  24 school garden model rice contract farmers were supported with 1 MT of rice seeds and hand hoes.  Currently, extension workers attached to the project in Aweil North and West counties are monitoring the activities and rendering advisory services to the schools.  250 returnees in Marialbai have been supported with 0.27MT of groundnut seeds and 0.8MT of rice seeds. Extension workers provided advice and guidance on planting.

Contact farmers training 180 Contact farmers have been trained on the basics of modern farming. Training was conducted 60 people Mariam Payam; 40 people in Wunlang and 40 people in Yargot. The training was conducted in series from July to December 4th 7. The farmers have been equipped with practical skills for modern cultivation and have utilized the knowledge in home vegetable gardens. In Mariam Payam, farmers planted sorghum, maize and vegetable crops in rows. The contact farmers have also formed into a cooperative society and have cultivated jointly one acre of rice.

Agro forestry and fruit trees 2000 mangoes seedlings were raised in Mariam payam and distributed in August to 1000 households. 1900 eucalyptus tree seedlings were raised since March and distributed in August to 1000 households. A few eucalyptus and mangoes seedlings were planted at Achiek agriculture training centre. Other activities USAID visit to Aweil state

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On the 2nd of March, USAID team visited Aweil town for a food security and livelihood assessment. A coordination meeting was organized by USAID personnel in Aweil and was attended by Organizations operating in AWEIL East County. Among the issues discussed were NGOs activities and the challenges they have encountered for their time in operation.

TearFund and IAS took the team to the rice fields in Dalabal –Akuem (IAS project area) and a vegetable project for women groups supported by Tear Fund in AdiorgotWunlang Payam. The team visited Aweil West as well after the visit in Aweil East County.

Flood assessment After the general assessment by UN and NGOs in Awulwic village where 3658 household IDPs were registered, displacement due to floods extended to the villages in Yargot payam. This prompted a separate assessment conducted by International Aid Services from 5th to 9th September 2007. Villages assessed were Langic, Atuekcok , Halbull, Nyioric,Mathiort, Akuemkou Lieth anguei, Kunyuk, Anguek, Kwenwir Kar Marial and Wunliet; all in the lowland of Yargot. Households registered as displaced were 416. Tabulated data provides more information of the affected villages. S/N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Village Halbull Nyioric Mathiat Kar Marial Wunliet Akuemkou Kurnyuk Anguek Kwenwir Langic

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Payam Yargot Yargot Yargot Yargot Yargot Yargot Yargot Yargot Yargot Yargot

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Households affected 23 69 3 40 13 5 80 52 53 50

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11 12 Total household

Atuekcok Liethanguei

Yargot Yargot

20 8 416

Kurnyuk village is most affected with total households displaced as 80. Nyioric follows with 69 families while Mathiat has 8 families suffering the floods. Most of the displaced families by the time of the assessment were living with their relatives in Akuem. A chief representing returnee households in Yargot visited IAS appealing for philanthropic attention to the affected villages. It is anticipated that the number of displaced families will increase by October 2007. At the time of the assessment, the flood was still increasing. At Awulwic, families from flood affected areas of Mangok, Mariam and Maduany payam were still wadding on water to access Awulwic displacement camp.

We can still trace the route leading from our ruined homes despite the water on the way.

Deserted homes in Awulwic village: some families have camped by the roadside; Akuem- Aweil road Awulwic village.

Crop situation Sorghum in flooded villages has lodged in water, a situation which puts the affected families food insecure in the following year 2008. In Wunlang payam, rice field in Adiorgot village is completely submerged and this may result to a total loss of the rice cultivated by more than 100 rice contract farmers supported by IAS in 2007. The same situation applies for rice farmers in Yargot-Dalabal rice fields and in Mangok Payam as well.

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IAS extension worker assessing the damage on a flooded rice field in Yargot payam

Implementation strategy An all inclusive participatory approach was considered where all stake holders’ plaid their roles. The community through their representatives conceived the innovations expressed. And they endorsed the project. They were fully involved in the conception, planning and setting priorities among the numerous felt needs. IAS has worked hand in hand with local authorities in the implementation of the projects. With the training centre, selection of trainees and transportation to the centre was catered for by the authorities. IAS will continue to strengthen this relationship through coordination and joint meetings. IAS worked with community groups e.g. women groups, rice farmers association and contact farmers. There has been information sharing with the ministry of agriculture and forestry on matters pertaining to Agriculture training. The ministry provided teachers for the training. This is a relationship that has lived since the inception of the training centre. The project was implemented under various areas; Capacity building-which covered training of community based agriculture extension workers, ox plough training, contact farmers training, and women groups training; Income generation which encompassed: rice contract farming, support to school garden project with seeds and tools, support to contact farmers; contact farmers were trained to be good examples that others would imitate. They were trained to be farmer’s promoter and trainers. The other area in the implementation was returnees’ intervention. With the help of local authorities, returnee representatives’ mobilization and sensitization meetings were conducted after which returnees were registered in every payam. Registration and targeting was according to the villages. This facilitated follow-up. Other area was targeting schools for school garden. Agriculture starts from school, home and finally to the entire community. Schools were supported to start garden projects as models for teaching agriculture; School garden committees were formed and charged with the day to day management of the garden project. To be very effective, the school garden committees were trained.

Long term developments Agriculture Annual report: 2007

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With the government of South Sudan in place, Food security and income generation program focused on strategies that would take the people yonder relief dependency to development of the land resource. More emphasis was given to building the capacity of the people for them to be able to exploit and give proper management of the recourses available; natural, man made and human resource. This was with the objective to ensure improved means of agriculture resource development; culminating in an overall food and income secure population. IAS agriculture sector has helped the community realize and prioritize their production potentials. Most of the local employees are Sudanese. Building the capacity of these people is a step ahead on matters pertaining to the project availability. The community mobilization unit has assisted the people to realize their needs and focus a head. Trainings have been offered on project management for project sustainability. FUNDING Major donor for the agriculture project is Sida (Swedish international development agency). Total funding for the year 2006 is US$ 64,125, 3. ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGIES 3.1 Project monitoring and evaluation The project was managed from IAS head office in Khartoum with the help of Bahr-elGhazal area development officer and agriculture project coordinator. The project monitoring was directly done by the project coordinator assisted by 9 agricultural extension staff; 5 in Aweil East County and 4 in Aweil West County. The monitoring and evaluation activity included; post- inputs distribution, pre-harvest crop assessment and crop performance monitoring and post harvest assessment. Other areas included school gardens performance and the activities of the people who benefited on trainings and workshops. Community mobilization sector has also played a vital role. The personnel constantly visited the groups targeted and gave advice for improvement on the communities supported projects. IAS has participated in the Annual Needs and Livelihood organized by WFP and conducted jointly with NGOs operating in Aweil East County: Summary assessment report is on annex 3. Other reports written on the project progress are quarterly reports (not annexed)

3.2 COORDINATION AND COLLABORATION Involvement of local and international organizations on IAS projects IAS has introduced contact farming in its agricultural extension program. Contact farmers are model farmers expected to demonstrate good farming practice along side other village developments. In returnees’ intervention, Contact farmers were also involved in their registration. They worked hand in hand with extension staff and the local authorities. In the 1st quarter of year 2006, IAS staff had a meeting with the director general for agriculture-Aweil state Mr. Gabriel Mal. Discussion was about the future of Achiek

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agriculture training centre. On the graduation day for Agriculture extension workers in September, the director general confirmed that the centre will continue to operate in Akuem. IAS has collaborated with the GOSS at national and state level on matters pertaining to the training centre particularly long term planning for the centre. Since the inception of the centre in 2002, the ministry of Agriculture and forestry has been seconding tutors to facilitate at the agricultural training centre. The local authority has taken the responsibly of conducting selection of agriculture trainees at the grass root level. IAS has collaborated with other humanitarian organizations on matters that pertain to general food security and humanitarian intervention. Food security assessment has always jointly with international and local NGOs with the involvement of the local authority. There has also been information sharing with other organizations. Organizations conducting food security project in the Aweil counties have found the Agriculture training conducted by IAS as a step to the right direction. In 2006 eight agriculture extension trainees were sponsored to the centre by the NGOs. Coordination meetings The first NGOs/state government coordination meeting was held in Aweil town on the 10th of February 2006. Several other meetings have been conducted. The meetings are called by the state government and UN OCHA. IAS has had representation in these meetings. The meetings had the objective of sharing experiences and giving highlights of projects. 4. CONSTRAINTS During the entire period, there has been a constant lack of transport. Our mobiles have had breakdown from time to time. Akuem field station has been having only one pick up in the base to be used for agriculture programs and administration. One other pick up for drilling team has always been at the drilling sites; locations several kilometers away from Akuem and Marialbai. Distribution of tools and seeds has not been an easy task to carry out. Agriculture project needs a new vehicle and at least a motorbike for project monitoring. Late and poor rains have as well contributed negatively towards the project implementation. Though the beneficiaries have had access to farming tools and seeds, their effort to make good cultivation this year has been negated by the rainfall factor. In May and June, Akuem field station recorded only 181 mm of rain. Due to poor rains germination of sorghum was poor. Most affected is the late planted crop. Some households under IAS support did gaping, but this did not help much.

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ANNEX 4 FINANCIAL REPORT ACTIVITY

Total Funding

EXP in

EXP

BAL

Project

USD

dinars

USD

USD

No.

1. Agriculture sector

Returnees intervention 1.1 7.03MT sorghum seeds purchased

31250

610750

2800

20000

100

4430

1415407 171000

6400 780

4432

6000

1084000

4900

-------

---------

--------

Vegetable seeds Assorted tools 1.2 Distribution of fishing items 1.3

Income generation activities 9 MT of rice seeds purchased 2MT G nut seeds purchased Agriculture training for CBAEWS

12500

Teaching and educational materials 1.4 Agriculture workshops for contact farmers

180000

800

Field visits and assessment

100000

450

118000

540

4429

5000 Ox plough training 1.6 Construction of Training centre; Fence

9375

Kitchen house TOTAL EXPENDITURE/BAL

240000

1100

390000

1800

64,125

Balance for 2007: less expenses for buying assorted tools less Assorted vegetable seeds Balance for 2007

44,455 …………… …………… ____________

19,670

4427

4431 44,455

ANNEX 5: FOOD SECURITY STAFF LIST CATEGORY OFFICE Direct project implementing staff Joseph Mwirigi Bahr-el-Ghazal James Lual Garang Lim Dut

Akuem Akuem

Deng Majok Michael Piol

Akuem Akuem

POSITION Agriculture project coordinator Extension worker Extension worker/Training demonstrator Extension worker Extension worker