Abul Kalam Azad
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Thejas Online - я · · · · · ... Page 1 of 3
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tlmw Hät\m« t\m«¯n tIcfw tZiobw A´ÀtZiobw FUntä FUntämdnb mdnb teJ\§ teJ\§Ä hmWnPyw ImbnIw hnt\mZw thÀ thÀ]mSv Nn{X§ Nn{X§Ä ImÀ« ImÀ«q À«q¬ {]mtZinIw Xncph\´]pcw
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tXPkv ssZzhmcnI auem\m A_p A_pÂIemw BkmZv / Ncn{XtcJIÄ Ncn{XtcJIÄ
iaoÀ iaoÀ cma\Ã cma\ÃqÀ
C´y³ kzmX{´ykac¯n AhnkvacWob ]¦phln¨ kap¶X\mb auem\m A_pÂIemw BkmZv A´cn¨n«v 2008 s^{_phcn 22\v 50 hÀjamhp¶p. _m_À N{IhÀ¯nbpsS Ime¯v C´ybn IpSntbdn BZyw B{Kbnepw ]n¶nSv UÂlnbnepw Xmakapd¸n¨ ]ÞnXIpSpw_ambncp¶p At±l¯ntâXv. JmZncn, \Jvi_µn XzcoJ¯nsâ sibvJmb ]ÞnX\pw kq^ohcy\pamb ssJdp±osâ ]p{X\mbncp¶p BkmZv. a¡bnte¡p amdn¯makn¨ ssJdp±o³ aZo\bnse ap^vXn apl½Zv kzKodnsâ ]p{Xn Benbsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. kt´mj]qÀhw apt¶m«p\o§nb B Z¼XnIÄ¡v 1888 \hw_À 11\p P\n¨ aI\mWv A_pÂIemw BkmZv F¶ cn alm\mbn¯oÀ¶Xv. kmlnXyhmk\bpw Bßob{]_p²Xbpw hnizmkyZmÀVyhpw BkmZnsâ Xn`sb anIhpäXm¡n. Iuamc{]mb¯n Xs¶ Ad_n, t]Àjy³, XpÀ¡n `mjIfpw kmlnXyX¯z§fpw IcKXam¡n. tPymXnÈmkv{Xw, ckX{´w, PntbmfPn, X¯zimkv{Xw F¶nhbn ]mÞnXyw t\Sn. XkvInsd kZJ F¶ Kl\{KÙ¯n\p ]Zy¯nsemcmkzmZ\w FgpXpt¼mÄ shdpw 13 hbÊp am {Xta BkmZn\v DWvSmbncp¶pÅq. 1905 Igvk¬ {]`p _wKmÄ hn`Pn¨Xv BkmZnse tZiobkvt\lw Bfn¸SÀ¯n. lnµp¡sfbpw apkvenwIsfbpw `n¶n¸n¡pI F¶ IpSneX{´ a\Ênem¡nb BkmZv AchnµtLmjv, iymw kpµÀ N{IhÀ¯n F¶nhcpsS Iogn {_n«ojpImÀs¡Xntc \S¯nb {]t£m`w Ncn{X¯nenSw t\Sn. Xsâ Hmtcm \o¡hpw Hmtcm teJ\hpw {_o«ojv km{amPy¯ns\XncmhWw F¶ B tZiobhmZnbpsS B{Klambncp¶p. 1912 AÂlnem F¶ t]cn Cd¡nb DÀZp hmcnIbpsS apJye£yhpw AXmbncp¶p. Hmtcm e¡hpw P\lrZb§fn {]I¼\w XoÀ¯p. {_n«ojpImÀ CXp \nÀ¯nhbv]n¡m³ FÃm IpX{´§fpw {]tbmKn¨p. ]t£, H¶mw temIbp²w hsc AÂlnem hn¹hteJ\§fpsS Iqc¼pIÄ sXmSp¯phn«p. 25000 hcn¡mcpÅ Hcp hmcnIbmbn At¸mtg¡pw AXp hfÀ¶ncp¶p. 1915 {_n«ojv kÀ¡mÀ hmcnI \ntcm[n¨p. \mfpIÄ \o§pwtXmdpw Iemw {_n«ojpImÀ¡p ]pXnb shÃphnfnIÄ krã sImWvSncp¶p. 1916 amÀ¨v 22 \p _wKmÄ Kh¬saâv Un^³kv BIvänsâ 3mw hIp¸v {]Imcw, _wKmÄ hn«pt]mhm³ BkmZnt\mSv BÚm]n¨p. ]©m_v, UÂln, D¯À {]tZiv, t_mws_ F¶o taJeIÄ CXn\Iw Xs¶ At±l¯n\p \ntcm[nXtaJeIfmbn amdnbncp¶p. AXn\m amÀ¨v 30\v BkmZv dm©nbnte¡p t]mbn. 1920hsc dm©nbn t]menkv \nco£W¯n IgntbWvSnh¶ B tZim`nam\n hoWvSpw kzmX{´y kac t]mcm«¯n Xs apgpIn. C´ybn A§nt§mfw k©cn¡pI, kt½f\§fpw NÀ¨Ifpw kwLSn¸n¡pI, aäp t\Xm¡sf kµÀin¡pI, CSbv¡v AdÌv hcn¨p ImcmKrl¯n t]mhpI þC§s\ IS¶pt]mbn ]ns¶ Hcp sImÃw. 1921 cq]oIrXamb Jnem^¯v {]Øm\¯nsâ kq{X[mc·mcn Hcmfmbncp¶p BkmZv. almßmKmÔnbpambn anI¨ _Ôw Dd¸n¡m³ CXn\Iw Xs¶ At±l¯n\p km[n¨ncp¶p. \nÊlIcW{]Øm\w F¶ Bibw KmÔnPn¡p apt¼ BkmZnsâ teJ\§fn {]Xn^en¨ncp¶p. 1922 s^{_phcn 23 I¡¯ tImSXnbn BkmZv sNbvX {]kwK¯nsâ {] kà`mK§Ä: ""CXv Hcp aÀ±I `cWIqSamsW¶p Rm³ ]dbp¶p. asä´mWp ]dbpI? Xq¼sb Xq¼sb¶p hnfn¡mXncp¶pIqSm, Idp¸ns\ shfps¸¶p hnfn¡m³ Rm³ Hcp¡aÃ. F\n¡p ]dbmhp¶Xnteähpw Npcp§nbXpw hntijW§fnteähpw arZphmbXpamWv Cu Kh¬saâns\
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"aÀ±I'sa¶p hnfn¡p¶Xv. kXyw ]dªm CXnt\¡mÄ abapff thsd Hcp ]ZanÃ. cWvSp hgnItf DÅq, H¶pIn Kh¬saâv A\oXn ssIhnSpIbpw R§fpsS AhImi§Ä \ntj[n¡p¶Xp \nÀ¯nhbv¡pIbpw thWw. AsænÂ, AXns\ kwlcn¡Ww. cWvSnsem¶ÃmsX asämcp hgnbpw Rm³ ImWp¶nÃ.... GXmbmepw ImdpIWvS IÀjI³ agbv¡p Im¯p\n¡p¶Xp kzm`mhnIamWv. EXp]cnhÀ¯\s¯ kqNn¸n¡p¶ ImemhØ kamKXambncn¡p¶p. I®pWvSmbn«pw ImWm³ Ignbm¯htcmSp R§Ä¡ klXm]apWvSv. F\ns¡Xntc Ipä]{Xambn kaÀ¸n¡s¸«n«pÅ Fsâ {] kvXmh\bn Rm³ {]Jym]n¨n«pWvSv: "kzmX{´y¯nsâ _oP§Ä apf¨phcWsa¦n Int«WvSp¶ PetkN\amWv A{Iahpw ASn¨aÀ¯epw' F¶v. A[xIrXÀ AXp XpS§n¡gnªp.'' BkmZnsâ Cuhm¡pIfn At±l¯nsâ [ocX, kXy\njvT, ip`m] vXnhnizmkw F¶nhbpsS Bgw \ap¡p {Kln¡mw. C´y³ kzmX{´ykac¯nse Xnf§p¶ A[ymbamb Iznän´ym kac{]Jym]\ {]tabw ]mkm¡nbXv BkmZnsâ A[y£Xbnembncp¶p. kzmX {´ykac¯n Pzen¨ kqcytXPÊn\v 1920þ45 Ime¯n\nSbn \nch[n XhW ImcmKrl¯n IgntbWvSnh¶p. Xsâ PohnX¯nsâ `mKambn¯oÀ¶ `mcy kpsseJtbmSp bm{X]dªv 1942se Ncn{X{]m[m\yapÅ C´y³ \mj\ tIm¬{Kkv kt½f\¯n A[y£X hln¡m³ thWvSn t]mhpt¼mÄ AXv Ahkm\ bm{X]dbemhpw F¶v Bcpw IcpXnbncp¶nÃ. BkmZv AlvaZv\K tIm«bnse ImcmKrl¯n InS¡p¶ Ime¯p t{]bkn \ncymX\mbn. Xsâ _Ôp¡fpsS hntbmKt¯¡mÄ At±l¯nsâ lrZb¯n AKm [ apdnhpWvSm¡nb thÀ]mSv C´ymhn`P\ambncp¶p. apl½Zen Pn¶tbmSpw tIm¬{Kkv t\Xm¡·mtcmSpw hn`P\¯nsâ `hnjy¯pIÄ BkmZv Xpd¶ dªp. CS¡me Kh¬saâv cq]oIcn¨t¸mÄ BkmZv a{´nk`bnepWvSmhWsa¶p tIm¬{Kkv t\Xm¡Ä \nÀ_Ôns¨¦nepw ^ew sNbvXnÃ. X\n¡p ]Icw Bk^ensb \nÀtZin¡pIbmWpWvSmbXv. 1947 P\phcnbn cmtP{µ{]kmZv tIm¬kvänäphâv Akw»n A[y£\mbn Øm\taät¸mÄ h¶ Hgnhnte¡ FÃmhcpw BkmZns\ \nÀtZin¨p. HSphn BkmZn\p hgt§WvSnh¶p. 1947 P\phcn 15\v At±lw hnZym`ymka{´nbmbn kXy{]XnÚsNbvXp. acWw hsc At±lw B ]Zhnbn XpSÀ¶p. Cu Imebfhn hnZym`ymkcwK¯v \hssNX\yw krãn¡m³ At±l¯n\p km[n¨p. \nehnepÅ hnZym`ymkk {¼Zmbw hntZinIÄ AhÀ¡v ASnathe sN¿m³ A`ykvXhnZysc krãn¡ F¶ e£y¯n cq]oIcn¨XmsW¶pw AXnsâ ASnØm\w Xs¶ amäs¸tSWvSXmsW¶ t_m[yt¯msSbmWv At±lw C´ybnse hnZym`ymk] ²Xn Bkq{XWw sNbvXXv. hnZym`ymkcwK¯p \nch[n ] cnjvIcW§Ä¡pw ]cnhÀ¯\§Ä¡pw \mµnIpdn¨p, hnZym`ymk I½ojWÀamsc \nban¨p. 1948 bq\nthgvk FPypt¡j³ I½oj\pw 1952 sk¡³Udn FPypt¡j³ I½oj\pw \nehn h¶p. bq\nthgvknä {Kmâvkv I½oj³ cq]oIcW¯n\p ]n¶nepw BkmZnsâ Ic§fmbncp¶p. kmt¦XnI hnZym`ymkØm]\§Ä Øm]n¨mte C´ybn hymhkmbnI ] ptcmKXn DWvSmhpIbpÅq F¶p hnizkn¨ At±lw \mj\ et_md«dnI Øm]n¡m\pw sSIv\n¡Â hnZym`ymk¯n\p thWvS \S]SnIsfSp¡m\pw Aam´n¨nÃ. BkmZnsâ Akmam\y {]Xn`sb¡pdn¨v \nbmkv ^¯m]qcnbpsS hm¡pIfn \n¶p {Kln¡m\mhpw:""At±lw Ad_n IhnXmcN\bn apgpInbncp¶psh¦n asämcp ap¯mD¶_ntbm _ZvdpÊam\ntbm Bhpambncp¶p. aX hnNn´\¯nemWv GÀs¸«ncp¶sX¦n kz´w bpK¯nse C_v\pssXan¿ Bhpambncp¶p. ZmÀi\nI]T\¯n am{XamWp eo\\mbncp¶sX¦n C_v\p dpivZv, C_v\p Jeo apXembhcpsS \ncbntes¡¯pambncp¶p. t]Àjy³ IhnXbnemWp hym]cn¨ncp¶sX¦n DÀ^n, \_ocn apXembhtcmSp kaioÀj\mhpambncp¶p. kq^nk¯ntet¡m [Àa kwØm]\¯ntet¡m \o§nbncps¶¦n KÊmen¡pw dqan¡pw kZri\mhpambncp¶p. A{Xtbsd Akm[mcWamb ta [miànsImWvSpw {]Xn`sImWvSpw A\pKrloX\mbncp¶p At±lw. cm {ãob¯nsâ tImfpsImWvS ISen ap§nt¸mb PohnXambncp¶n«pw At±lw 22Hmfw {KÙ§Ä cNn¨n«pWvSv F¶ hkvXpX HmÀ¡Ww.
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Ct¸ Ct¸mÄ In« In«nbh
tIcfobw
tZiobw
A´ÀtZiobw
blvbbpsS Adkväv: am[ya\pWIÄ AhnsS A§s\; ChnsS C§s\... AI¡®n Adnhnsâ shfn¨hpambn IS¼IS¡m³ AhÀ C´y hfcp¶psh¶XvsXämb {]NmcWw: {]`mXv ]Sv\mbnIv knaânsâ adhn kv]ncnäv IS¯v: HcmÄ IqSn Adkvän 2006 C{kmtbens\Xncmb bp²w \bn¨Xp apKv\nb anssk {]Xntcm[ kwhn[m\w: Ct´mþbp.Fkv klIcWw hcp¶p `mcy ]oUn¸n¡p¶Xmbn "ImWmXmb' a{´n]p{X³ IivaoÀ: a\pjymhImi ewL\¯n {]Xntj[n¨ A`n`mjIÀ AdÌn IÀWmSIbn tImfPv {]thi\¯n\vt]menkv \n_Ô\IÄ hbv¡p¶p t]menkv h[{iamtcm]Ww: F³.Un.F^v {]hÀ¯Isc shdpsXhn«p
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Thu, 28 Feb 2008
tlmw Hät\m« t\m«¯n tIcfw tZiobw A´ÀtZiobw FUntä FUntämdnb mdnb teJ\§ teJ\§Ä hmWnPyw ImbnIw hnt\mZw thÀ thÀ]mSv Nn{X§ Nn{X§Ä ImÀ« ImÀ«q À«q¬ {]mtZinIw Xncph\´]pcw
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tXPkv ssZzhmcnI auem\m A_p A_pÂIemw BkmZv / Ncn{XtcJIÄ Ncn{XtcJIÄ
iaoÀ iaoÀ cma\Ã cma\ÃqÀ
C´y³ kzmX{´ykac¯n AhnkvacWob ]¦phln¨ kap¶X\mb auem\m A_pÂIemw BkmZv A´cn¨n«v 2008 s^{_phcn 22\v 50 hÀjamhp¶p. _m_À N{IhÀ¯nbpsS Ime¯v C´ybn IpSntbdn BZyw B{Kbnepw ]n¶nSv UÂlnbnepw Xmakapd¸n¨ ]ÞnXIpSpw_ambncp¶p At±l¯ntâXv. JmZncn, \Jvi_µn XzcoJ¯nsâ sibvJmb ]ÞnX\pw kq^ohcy\pamb ssJdp±osâ ]p{X\mbncp¶p BkmZv. a¡bnte¡p amdn¯makn¨ ssJdp±o³ aZo\bnse ap^vXn apl½Zv kzKodnsâ ]p{Xn Benbsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. kt´mj]qÀhw apt¶m«p\o§nb B Z¼XnIÄ¡v 1888 \hw_À 11\p P\n¨ aI\mWv A_pÂIemw BkmZv F¶ cn alm\mbn¯oÀ¶Xv. kmlnXyhmk\bpw Bßob{]_p²Xbpw hnizmkyZmÀVyhpw BkmZnsâ Xn`sb anIhpäXm¡n. Iuamc{]mb¯n Xs¶ Ad_n, t]Àjy³, XpÀ¡n `mjIfpw kmlnXyX¯z§fpw IcKXam¡n. tPymXnÈmkv{Xw, ckX{´w, PntbmfPn, X¯zimkv{Xw F¶nhbn ]mÞnXyw t\Sn. XkvInsd kZJ F¶ Kl\{KÙ¯n\p ]Zy¯nsemcmkzmZ\w FgpXpt¼mÄ shdpw 13 hbÊp am {Xta BkmZn\v DWvSmbncp¶pÅq. 1905 Igvk¬ {]`p _wKmÄ hn`Pn¨Xv BkmZnse tZiobkvt\lw Bfn¸SÀ¯n. lnµp¡sfbpw apkvenwIsfbpw `n¶n¸n¡pI F¶ IpSneX{´ a\Ênem¡nb BkmZv AchnµtLmjv, iymw kpµÀ N{IhÀ¯n F¶nhcpsS Iogn {_n«ojpImÀs¡Xntc \S¯nb {]t£m`w Ncn{X¯nenSw t\Sn. Xsâ Hmtcm \o¡hpw Hmtcm teJ\hpw {_o«ojv km{amPy¯ns\XncmhWw F¶ B tZiobhmZnbpsS B{Klambncp¶p. 1912 AÂlnem F¶ t]cn Cd¡nb DÀZp hmcnIbpsS apJye£yhpw AXmbncp¶p. Hmtcm e¡hpw P\lrZb§fn {]I¼\w XoÀ¯p. {_n«ojpImÀ CXp \nÀ¯nhbv]n¡m³ FÃm IpX{´§fpw {]tbmKn¨p. ]t£, H¶mw temIbp²w hsc AÂlnem hn¹hteJ\§fpsS Iqc¼pIÄ sXmSp¯phn«p. 25000 hcn¡mcpÅ Hcp hmcnIbmbn At¸mtg¡pw AXp hfÀ¶ncp¶p. 1915 {_n«ojv kÀ¡mÀ hmcnI \ntcm[n¨p. \mfpIÄ \o§pwtXmdpw Iemw {_n«ojpImÀ¡p ]pXnb shÃphnfnIÄ krã sImWvSncp¶p. 1916 amÀ¨v 22 \p _wKmÄ Kh¬saâv Un^³kv BIvänsâ 3mw hIp¸v {]Imcw, _wKmÄ hn«pt]mhm³ BkmZnt\mSv BÚm]n¨p. ]©m_v, UÂln, D¯À {]tZiv, t_mws_ F¶o taJeIÄ CXn\Iw Xs¶ At±l¯n\p \ntcm[nXtaJeIfmbn amdnbncp¶p. AXn\m amÀ¨v 30\v BkmZv dm©nbnte¡p t]mbn. 1920hsc dm©nbn t]menkv \nco£W¯n IgntbWvSnh¶ B tZim`nam\n hoWvSpw kzmX{´y kac t]mcm«¯n Xs apgpIn. C´ybn A§nt§mfw k©cn¡pI, kt½f\§fpw NÀ¨Ifpw kwLSn¸n¡pI, aäp t\Xm¡sf kµÀin¡pI, CSbv¡v AdÌv hcn¨p ImcmKrl¯n t]mhpI þC§s\ IS¶pt]mbn ]ns¶ Hcp sImÃw. 1921 cq]oIrXamb Jnem^¯v {]Øm\¯nsâ kq{X[mc·mcn Hcmfmbncp¶p BkmZv. almßmKmÔnbpambn anI¨ _Ôw Dd¸n¡m³ CXn\Iw Xs¶ At±l¯n\p km[n¨ncp¶p. \nÊlIcW{]Øm\w F¶ Bibw KmÔnPn¡p apt¼ BkmZnsâ teJ\§fn {]Xn^en¨ncp¶p. 1922 s^{_phcn 23 I¡¯ tImSXnbn BkmZv sNbvX {]kwK¯nsâ {] kà`mK§Ä: ""CXv Hcp aÀ±I `cWIqSamsW¶p Rm³ ]dbp¶p. asä´mWp ]dbpI? Xq¼sb Xq¼sb¶p hnfn¡mXncp¶pIqSm, Idp¸ns\ shfps¸¶p hnfn¡m³ Rm³ Hcp¡aÃ. F\n¡p ]dbmhp¶Xnteähpw Npcp§nbXpw hntijW§fnteähpw arZphmbXpamWv Cu Kh¬saâns\
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2/28/2008
Thejas Online - я · · · · · ... Page 2 of 3
"aÀ±I'sa¶p hnfn¡p¶Xv. kXyw ]dªm CXnt\¡mÄ abapff thsd Hcp ]ZanÃ. cWvSp hgnItf DÅq, H¶pIn Kh¬saâv A\oXn ssIhnSpIbpw R§fpsS AhImi§Ä \ntj[n¡p¶Xp \nÀ¯nhbv¡pIbpw thWw. AsænÂ, AXns\ kwlcn¡Ww. cWvSnsem¶ÃmsX asämcp hgnbpw Rm³ ImWp¶nÃ.... GXmbmepw ImdpIWvS IÀjI³ agbv¡p Im¯p\n¡p¶Xp kzm`mhnIamWv. EXp]cnhÀ¯\s¯ kqNn¸n¡p¶ ImemhØ kamKXambncn¡p¶p. I®pWvSmbn«pw ImWm³ Ignbm¯htcmSp R§Ä¡ klXm]apWvSv. F\ns¡Xntc Ipä]{Xambn kaÀ¸n¡s¸«n«pÅ Fsâ {] kvXmh\bn Rm³ {]Jym]n¨n«pWvSv: "kzmX{´y¯nsâ _oP§Ä apf¨phcWsa¦n Int«WvSp¶ PetkN\amWv A{Iahpw ASn¨aÀ¯epw' F¶v. A[xIrXÀ AXp XpS§n¡gnªp.'' BkmZnsâ Cuhm¡pIfn At±l¯nsâ [ocX, kXy\njvT, ip`m] vXnhnizmkw F¶nhbpsS Bgw \ap¡p {Kln¡mw. C´y³ kzmX{´ykac¯nse Xnf§p¶ A[ymbamb Iznän´ym kac{]Jym]\ {]tabw ]mkm¡nbXv BkmZnsâ A[y£Xbnembncp¶p. kzmX {´ykac¯n Pzen¨ kqcytXPÊn\v 1920þ45 Ime¯n\nSbn \nch[n XhW ImcmKrl¯n IgntbWvSnh¶p. Xsâ PohnX¯nsâ `mKambn¯oÀ¶ `mcy kpsseJtbmSp bm{X]dªv 1942se Ncn{X{]m[m\yapÅ C´y³ \mj\ tIm¬{Kkv kt½f\¯n A[y£X hln¡m³ thWvSn t]mhpt¼mÄ AXv Ahkm\ bm{X]dbemhpw F¶v Bcpw IcpXnbncp¶nÃ. BkmZv AlvaZv\K tIm«bnse ImcmKrl¯n InS¡p¶ Ime¯p t{]bkn \ncymX\mbn. Xsâ _Ôp¡fpsS hntbmKt¯¡mÄ At±l¯nsâ lrZb¯n AKm [ apdnhpWvSm¡nb thÀ]mSv C´ymhn`P\ambncp¶p. apl½Zen Pn¶tbmSpw tIm¬{Kkv t\Xm¡·mtcmSpw hn`P\¯nsâ `hnjy¯pIÄ BkmZv Xpd¶ dªp. CS¡me Kh¬saâv cq]oIcn¨t¸mÄ BkmZv a{´nk`bnepWvSmhWsa¶p tIm¬{Kkv t\Xm¡Ä \nÀ_Ôns¨¦nepw ^ew sNbvXnÃ. X\n¡p ]Icw Bk^ensb \nÀtZin¡pIbmWpWvSmbXv. 1947 P\phcnbn cmtP{µ{]kmZv tIm¬kvänäphâv Akw»n A[y£\mbn Øm\taät¸mÄ h¶ Hgnhnte¡ FÃmhcpw BkmZns\ \nÀtZin¨p. HSphn BkmZn\p hgt§WvSnh¶p. 1947 P\phcn 15\v At±lw hnZym`ymka{´nbmbn kXy{]XnÚsNbvXp. acWw hsc At±lw B ]Zhnbn XpSÀ¶p. Cu Imebfhn hnZym`ymkcwK¯v \hssNX\yw krãn¡m³ At±l¯n\p km[n¨p. \nehnepÅ hnZym`ymkk {¼Zmbw hntZinIÄ AhÀ¡v ASnathe sN¿m³ A`ykvXhnZysc krãn¡ F¶ e£y¯n cq]oIcn¨XmsW¶pw AXnsâ ASnØm\w Xs¶ amäs¸tSWvSXmsW¶ t_m[yt¯msSbmWv At±lw C´ybnse hnZym`ymk] ²Xn Bkq{XWw sNbvXXv. hnZym`ymkcwK¯p \nch[n ] cnjvIcW§Ä¡pw ]cnhÀ¯\§Ä¡pw \mµnIpdn¨p, hnZym`ymk I½ojWÀamsc \nban¨p. 1948 bq\nthgvk FPypt¡j³ I½oj\pw 1952 sk¡³Udn FPypt¡j³ I½oj\pw \nehn h¶p. bq\nthgvknä {Kmâvkv I½oj³ cq]oIcW¯n\p ]n¶nepw BkmZnsâ Ic§fmbncp¶p. kmt¦XnI hnZym`ymkØm]\§Ä Øm]n¨mte C´ybn hymhkmbnI ] ptcmKXn DWvSmhpIbpÅq F¶p hnizkn¨ At±lw \mj\ et_md«dnI Øm]n¡m\pw sSIv\n¡Â hnZym`ymk¯n\p thWvS \S]SnIsfSp¡m\pw Aam´n¨nÃ. BkmZnsâ Akmam\y {]Xn`sb¡pdn¨v \nbmkv ^¯m]qcnbpsS hm¡pIfn \n¶p {Kln¡m\mhpw:""At±lw Ad_n IhnXmcN\bn apgpInbncp¶psh¦n asämcp ap¯mD¶_ntbm _ZvdpÊam\ntbm Bhpambncp¶p. aX hnNn´\¯nemWv GÀs¸«ncp¶sX¦n kz´w bpK¯nse C_v\pssXan¿ Bhpambncp¶p. ZmÀi\nI]T\¯n am{XamWp eo\\mbncp¶sX¦n C_v\p dpivZv, C_v\p Jeo apXembhcpsS \ncbntes¡¯pambncp¶p. t]Àjy³ IhnXbnemWp hym]cn¨ncp¶sX¦n DÀ^n, \_ocn apXembhtcmSp kaioÀj\mhpambncp¶p. kq^nk¯ntet¡m [Àa kwØm]\¯ntet¡m \o§nbncps¶¦n KÊmen¡pw dqan¡pw kZri\mhpambncp¶p. A{Xtbsd Akm[mcWamb ta [miànsImWvSpw {]Xn`sImWvSpw A\pKrloX\mbncp¶p At±lw. cm {ãob¯nsâ tImfpsImWvS ISen ap§nt¸mb PohnXambncp¶n«pw At±lw 22Hmfw {KÙ§Ä cNn¨n«pWvSv F¶ hkvXpX HmÀ¡Ww.
http://www.thejasonline.com/java-thejason/index.jsp
2/28/2008
Thejas Online - я · · · · · ... Page 3 of 3
Ct¸ Ct¸mÄ In« In«nbh
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blvbbpsS Adkväv: am[ya\pWIÄ AhnsS A§s\; ChnsS C§s\... AI¡®n Adnhnsâ shfn¨hpambn IS¼IS¡m³ AhÀ C´y hfcp¶psh¶XvsXämb {]NmcWw: {]`mXv ]Sv\mbnIv knaânsâ adhn kv]ncnäv IS¯v: HcmÄ IqSn Adkvän 2006 C{kmtbens\Xncmb bp²w \bn¨Xp apKv\nb anssk {]Xntcm[ kwhn[m\w: Ct´mþbp.Fkv klIcWw hcp¶p `mcy ]oUn¸n¡p¶Xmbn "ImWmXmb' a{´n]p{X³ IivaoÀ: a\pjymhImi ewL\¯n {]Xntj[n¨ A`n`mjIÀ AdÌn IÀWmSIbn tImfPv {]thi\¯n\vt]menkv \n_Ô\IÄ hbv¡p¶p t]menkv h[{iamtcm]Ww: F³.Un.F^v {]hÀ¯Isc shdpsXhn«p
http://www.thejasonline.com/java-thejason/index.jsp
2/28/2008
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