Abul Kalam Azad

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Thu, 28 Feb 2008

tlmw Hät\m« t\m«¯n tIcfw tZiobw A´ÀtZiobw FUntä FUntämdnb mdnb teJ\§ teJ\§Ä hmWnPyw ImbnIw hnt\mZw thÀ thÀ]mSv Nn{X§ Nn{X§Ä ImÀ« ImÀ«q À«q¬ {]mtZinIw Xncph\´]pcw

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BgvNh« h«w auem\m BkmZnsâ BkmZnsâ aXho£ aXho£ Ww / F³ F³.sI.F. e¯ e¯o^v tZiob Ncn{X¯n AhnkvacWob\mWp auem\ A_p Iemw BkmZv. _wKmfnse hn¹hImcnItfmsSm¸w kzmX{´ykac cwK¯p IS¶ph¶ BkmZnsâ PohnXw XymK\nÀ`cambncp¶p. tIm¬{KÊnsâ kmcYnIfn apJy\mbncp¶ At±lw aq¶ph«w AXnsâ {]knUâmbn. 1923 B ap¸¯©pImc³ Gähpw {]mbwIpdª BZys¯ {]knUâmbncp¶p. Ncn{X {]kn²amb Iznän´ym kacw \S¡p¶ kab¯p {]knUâv At±lambncp¶ ZoÀLImew tIm¬{KÊnsâ A[y£Øm\w hln¨ncp¶Xpw At±lw Xs¶ B t\Xral¯zw PhlÀem s\lvdp C§s\ NqWvSn¡mWn¡p¶p. ""At±l¯nsâ _p²nkmaÀYyhpw X{´IpieXbpw AXnkaÀYamb ZoÀLZrãnbpw A\\ykm[mcWamb \nebn HfnªpInS¶ncp¶Xmbn Hmtcm Znhkhpw F\n¡\p`hs¸«psImWvSncp¶p. AXpsImWvSp Xs¶bmWv At±l¯nsâ A`n{]mb§Ä¡p R§Ä hne I¸n¨ncp¶Xpw.'' kaÀY\mb Cu cm{ãobt\Xmhnsâ ss[jWnI{]`mhamWp _p²nPohnIsf Gsd BIÀjn¨Xv. auem\ BkmZpambn ASp¯ k¼À¡apWvSmbncp¶ {]^k lpabq¬ I_oÀ B khntij hyànXzs¯¡pdn¨v FgpXpIbpWvSmbn. ""auem\ BkmZv apJyambpw Hcp ]ÞnX\mbncp¶p. kmlNcy§fpsS \nÀ_Ôw sImWvSmWv At±l¯n\p cm{ãobcwK¯p {]thint¡WvSn h¶ {]kn²nbn \n¶p hn«p\n¡m\pÅ Xm¸cyamWp atäXnt\¡mfpa[nIw At±l¯nsâ ]mÞnXykz`mhw {]Xy£s¸Sp¯p¶Xv. cm{ãobt\Xm¡· C´ybnemhs«, CXc cmPy§fnemhs« km[mcWbmbn {]m_eyw t\Sp¶Xp _lpP\§fpambn AhÀ ]peÀ¯p¶ k¼À¡¯n \n¶mWv. F¶mÂ, auem\ BkmZv A§s\bmbncp¶nÃ. cm{ãob cwKt¯¡mÄ kz´w {KÙmeb¯nse GIm´XbmWv Hcp hncàs\t¸mse At±lw A[nIw Cãs¸«Xv.'' P\_lpehpw iÐmbam\hpamb cm{ãobcwK¯p 40 hÀjw Xsâ ]ÞnX incÊpbÀ¯n¸nSn¡m\pw ]mÞnXy¯nsâ ]Izamb iÐw {ihn¸n¡m\pw BkmZn\p Ignªp. BkmZnsâ aXZÀi\w hnizam\hnIXbmbncp¶p. ""BImi¯p \n¶v Hcp amemJ Cd§nh¶p Ip¯_van\mdnsâ D¨nbn Ibdn\n¶p lnµpþapkvenw sFIyw F¶ ap{ZhmIyw Dt]£n¡pIbmsW¦n Cu cm{Xn ]pecp¶Xn\p ap¼p kzcmPv km£m¡cn¡s¸Spsa¶p ]dbp¶psh¶ncn¡s«, Rm³ kzcmPv F¶ e£yw Xs¶ Dt]£n¡pw. F\n¡pthWvSXp lnµpþapkvenw sFIyamWv. kzcmPv \ãs¸«m AXv C´ybpsS \ãamsW¶Xp icnXs¶ t£, aXþkulmÀZw \ãs¸«m AXp am\hcminbpsS hn\miambncn¡pw'' aXkulmÀZw Hcp Xm¡menI Iq«psI«Ã BkmZn\v, Xsâ aXhnizmkw Xs¶bmWv. am\hnI sFIy¯neq¶nb aXho£WapÄs¡mÅm\pw AXns hàmhmIm\pw BkmZn\p IgnªXp kzX{´amb aX ]T\¯neqsSbmWv. 1888 \h. 11\p a¡bn P\n¨ BkmZv A©mw hbÊn ldw ico^n h¨mWp aX]T\amcw`n¡p¶Xv. BkmZnsâ ]qÀhnI·mÀ ]mc¼cyambn P\§fm BZcn¡s¸Sp¶ sibvJ·mcpw ]nXmhv A¡mes¯ sibvJv hwi t\Xmhpambncp¶p. Atd_ybn \n¶p I¡¯bnse¯nb tijhpw BkmZn\p aX]T\w e`n¨ncp¶Xp kz]nXmhn \n¶pw At±l¯nsâ {][m\ injy·mcn \n¶pambncp¶p. l\^n aZvl_nepÅ Xo{hamb B`napJyw ImcWw aI³ aäp Nn´m{]Øm\§fpambn _Ôs¸Sp¶Xv ]nXmhv Cãs¸«nÃ. ]nXmhnsâ bmYmØnXnIXzw aqew D¶X hnZymeb§fn ] Tn¡m³ BkmZn\v Ahkcw e`n¨nÃ. Hcp {]tXyI ]cn[n¡pÅnencp¶p ] Tn¡m³ \nÀ_ÔnX\mbn«pw BkmZnsâ bpànt_m[w B AXnÀhc¼pIsf AXnewLn¨p. A\\y km[mcWamb {]Xn`mhnemkw sImWvSp _mey¯n Xs¶ {it²b\mbn. Ip«n¡mes¯ At±l¯nsâ {]`mjW§fpw teJ\§fpw alm]ÞnX·msc hnkvab`cnXcm¡n. 13\pw 18\panSbv¡pÅ {] mb¯n 14 {KÙ§fmWv BkmZv cNn¨n«pÅXv. XpSÀ¶v, 18 {KÙ§fpw

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{KÙcq]¯nemhm¯ H«\h[n teJ\§fpw BkmZv cNn¨p. BZyL«¯n At±l¯nsâ bpànNn´ `uXnIhmZ¯nte¡p t]mepw IS¶pt]mbncp¶p. B Imes¯¡pdn¨v BkmZv FgpXp¶p. ""Fs¶ kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw C¡ am\knIamb Hcp {]XnkÔnL«ambncp¶p. aX]camb ]mc¼cyw kzm[o\w sNep¯nb Hcp IpSpw_¯nemWp Rm³ ]nd¶Xv. B ]mc¼cy¯nsâ hnizmk{]amW§Ä tNmZyw sN¿s¸SmsX A§s\ Xs¶ AwKoIcn¨ncp¶ Fsâ IpSpw_w bmYmØnXnI k{¼Zmb¯n \n¶v AWpt]mepw hyXnNen¡m³ Iq«m¡nbncp¶nÃ. A§s\ \nehnepWvSmbncp¶ k {¼Zmb§fpw hnizmk§fpambn H¯ptNÀ¶p t]mhm³ F\n¡p km[n¨nà Hcp \qX\ hn¹ht_m[w sImWvSv Fsâ lrZbw \ndªp. IpSpw_¯n \n¶pw {]mYanI ]cnioe\¯n \n¶pw Rm³ t\Snb Bib§Ä H¶pw Xs¶ Fs¶ Xr]vXns¸Sp¯m³ t]mcp¶hbÃmbncp¶p. kzbw kXyw IsWvS¯Ww F¶ t_m[w F\n¡pWvSmbn. hyk\m\pcq]ambn Fsâ IpSpw_ Nw{IaW]Y¯n \n¶v AI¶pamdn kz´amsbmcp k©mcamÀKw A\zjn¡m³ Rm³ Bcw`n¨p. B At\zjW¯nsâ ^ew, Fsâ IpSpw_hpw Fs¶ t]mänhfÀ¯nb ] cnkchpw Fsâ a\Ên Ipcp¡nbn«ncp¶ FÃm ]gb sI«p]mSpIsfbpw \ntijw XIÀ¯pIfª Hcp \ne F\n¡pWvSmbn. Fsâ amÀKw Rm³ Xs IWvSp]nSn¡Wsa¶p \nÝbn¨p. GXmWvSv C¡me¯mWv "kzX{´³' F¶ÀYapÅ BkmZv F¶ XqenIm\maw kzoIcn¨Xv''. kzX{´amb KthjWhpw ]T\hpw FÃm k¦pNnX¯z§Ä¡paXoXamb aXmht_m[amWv BkmZnepWvSm¡nbXv. ]nXmhnsâ acWm\´cw sibvJvØm\w GsäSp¡m\pÅ A`yÀY\ \nckn¨ BkmZv {]XnhÀjw ]nXmhnsâ J_dnS¯n \S¯nh¶ Ddqkn ]s¦Sp¡pItbm ]nXmhnsâ Bib{] NcWw \S¯pItbm sNbvXnÃ. AÔamb A\pIcWs¯ At±lw iànbpàw FXnÀ¯p. ""A\mNmc¯nsâ hn¯pIÄ AÔamb A\pIcW¯nsâ hnf`qanbnemWp apfbv¡pI. AXpsImWvSv AÔamb A\pIcW¯nsâ irwJes¡«pIÄ s]m«n¨p a\pjysc kzX{´temI¯p sImWvSphcemWp al¯mb hn¹hw'' BkmZv ]dªp. Xpd¶ a\tÊmSpIqSn temI aX§sf¡pdn¨v Bg¯n ]Tn¨ BkmZv ZÀin¨Xv AhbpsS ASnØm\ sFIyamWv. hnip²JpÀB\p auem\ BkmZv FgpXnb hymJym\w B al¯mb Bibs¯ kpXmcyw hyàam¡p¶p. JpÀBsâ {]mYanIm [ymbamb ^mXnlbpsS hymJym\w am{Xw Hcp henb {KÙamWv. {]mNo\hpw B[p\nIhpamb X¯zNn´IÄ, hnhn[ aX{KÙ§Ä, `mcXob ]pcmW CXnlmk§fpw D]\nj¯p¡fpw XpS§nb B hymJym\{KÙ¯n BkmZv hniIe\w sN¿p¶p. temI¯n 500 hÀj¯n\pÅn C{Xbpw al¯mb Hcp hymJym\apWvSmbn«nsömWp {]kn² JpÀB³ hymJymXmhv kn.F³ AlvaZv auehn tcJs¸Sp¯nbXv. FÃm aX§fpsSbpw kmcmwiw H¶msW BkmZv IsWvS¯p¶p. GIssZhmcm[\bn \n¶p _lpssZhmcm[\bnte¡p a\pjykapZmbw hgnamdnt¸msb¶p Xsâ KthjW¯neqsS At±lw kaÀYn¡p¶p. "ssZhw GI³, a\pjykapZmbw GIw' F¶XmWv FÃm aX§fpsSbpw auenI X¯ F¶t±lw sXfnbn¡p¶p. BkmZv B kmÀhP\o\Xsb¡pdn¨p ]dbp¶p. "ssZhnI shfn]mSnsâbpw ssZhnIamÀKZÀi\§fpsSbpw AhXmcam [yaamWp {]hmNI·mÀ. {]hmNI {]t_m[\¯n\p ASnØm\]camb Hcp khntijXbpWvSv, AXnsâ kmÀhP\o\Xbs{X AXv' XÀPpam\p JpÀB\n BkmZv FgpXnbXp aX¯nsâ {]YanIe£yw a\pjysâ ssFIyamsW¶mWv. FÃm aX§fpw C¯cw ktµiw Xs¶bmWp ] c¯nbXv. ]t£, AZv`pXsa¶p ]dbs« Hmtcm aX¯ntebpw A\pbmbn I Cu ktµis¯ Ku\n¡mXncn¡pIbpw X³aqew Hmtcm cmPyhpw Hmtcm kaqlhpw Hmtcm hÀKhpw {]tXyI hn`mKambn¯ocpIbpw hn`mKobXsb aX¯nsâ Øm\¯v Ahtcm[n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. IS¶pt]mb {]hmNI·m Hmtcmcp¯cpw aX¯nsâ sFIys¯ Øm]n¡m\pw kmÀheuInI kmtlmZcyw {]Ncn¸n¡m\pw thWvSnbmWp \nesImWvSsX¶pw ImWn¡m³ AhcpsS {]Jym]\§Ä JpÀB³ D²cn¡p¶pWvSv. A\h[n JpÀB³ hN\§Ä BkmZv D²cn¡p¶p. Ahbn H¶nXmWv. ""\qln\p(t\ml) \ÂIs¸« aXw Xs¶bmWp \n\¡pw Ah³ \ÂInbncn¡p¶Xv. AXs{X \n\¡p \mw AhXcn¸n¨p X¶Xpw. C_vdmlnan\pw (A{_lmw) aqk (tamkkv) Cuk (tbip) F¶nhÀ¡p \ÂInbXpw. Cu aXw

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A\pkcn¨psImÅpI. AXn `n¶hn`mK§fmbn¯occpXv F¶p ]dbpIbpw sNbvXp'' (JpÀB³, 42:13). {]hmNI·mÀ aptJ\ AhXcn¸n¡s¸« FÃm aX§fpw GIamsW¶pw JpÀB³ Ahsc A`nkwt_m[\ sNbvXp ]dbp¶ ""Hm, ssZhZqX·msc, \n§fpsS Cu aXw kXyambpw GIamWv. Rm³ \n§fpsS \mY\pamWv'' (JpÀB³, 23.51). Cu hnip² JpÀB³ kqà§Ä D²cn¨psImWvSv BkmZv FgpXp¶p: ""taep²cn¨ kqà§fn GXp Xc¯nepÅ kwt_m[\Ifp]tbmKn¨mepw AXmbXp ssZhw R§fpsSbpw \n§fpsSbpamWv. \n§fpsSbpw R§fpsSbpw ssZhw H¶pXs¶bmbncns¡ \n§Ä R§tfmSv Ahs\¡pdn XÀ¡n¡p¶pthm? \n§Ä¡p \n§fpsS IÀa^ehpw R§Ä¡p R§fpsSIÀa^ehpw DWvSmhpw. F¶n{]ImcapÅ FÃmänsâbpw e£yw FÃm BfpIÄ¡pw Hscmä ssZhtabpÅpsh¶pw Hmtcm IÀa¯n\pw AXn\p Xpeyamb ^eapsWvS¶papÅ hkvXpX Du¶n¸dbpI F¶XmWv. F´n\mWp ssZh¯nsâbpw aX¯nsâbpw t]cn C{XsbÃmw kwLÀjhpw bp²hpapWvSm¡p¶Xv?'' JpÀBsâ A´k¯bneq¶n DbÀ¯nb B tNmZyw F{Xtbm {]kàw.!

Ct¸ Ct¸mÄ In« In«nbh

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A´ÀtZiobw

blvbbpsS Adkväv: am[ya\pWIÄ AhnsS A§s\; ChnsS C§s\... AI¡®n Adnhnsâ shfn¨hpambn IS¼IS¡m³ AhÀ C´y hfcp¶psh¶XvsXämb {]NmcWw: {]`mXv ]Sv\mbnIv knaânsâ adhn kv]ncnäv IS¯v: HcmÄ IqSn Adkvän 2006 C{kmtbens\Xncmb bp²w \bn¨Xp apKv\nb anssk {]Xntcm[ kwhn[m\w: Ct´mþbp.Fkv klIcWw hcp¶p `mcy ]oUn¸n¡p¶Xmbn "ImWmXmb' a{´n]p{X³ IivaoÀ: a\pjymhImi ewL\¯n {]Xntj[n¨ A`n`mjIÀ AdÌn IÀWmSIbn tImfPv {]thi\¯n\vt]menkv \n_Ô\IÄ hbv¡p¶p t]menkv h[{iamtcm]Ww: F³.Un.F^v {]hÀ¯Isc shdpsXhn«p

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