49. Dove 41 2

bmomjyefu¾

ysKd ;

“vlawGuajym w,f? usr[m odyaf rm yef;aevdk@ tav#m hr ay;bJ xdkifcHkrSm quf xd k i f a ewmwJ h ? 'g[m rrSefygbl;? ±kyfydkif;qdkif &mt& usr[m armyef; r_r±Syd gb;l ? wu,fwef; usr armyef;aewm[m 'Dvdk t+rJwrf;tav#mh ay;ae&wmudyk g? ”

ae@pOf vloef;aygi;f rsm; pGm[m bwfpu f m;pD;+y;D c&D;oGm;ae =uw,f? wcsKŒd u ausmif;ud/k wcsKŒd u tvkyu f /kd wcsKŒd uaps;ud/k wcsKŒd uawmh wòrd‹uae wòrd‹ukd oGm; vm=uwmyg? olw@kd xu J wcsKŒd u um;a±SŒydkif;rSmxdkif+yD; a±SŒc&D;udk =unh&f if;vdu k yf gv=kd uw,f? wcsKŒd u aemufyikd ;f rSmxdik +f y;D um;ay:u c&D ; onf a wG u d k avh v mvd k = u w,f? 1950 jynfhvGefESpfawGt wGi;f u ±dq k mywfc[ f m wywfrmS 5&uf bwfpu f m;pD;+y;D tvkyq f if; &ygw,f? vGecf w hJ EhJ pS w f &mavmuf u tar&duefrmS vlrnf;awGukd EdkifiHom;tjzpfwef;wl owfrSwf w,fqdkayr,hf Oya'u olrudk xdik v f &kd mrSm xdik zf @kd ciG rhf ay;cJyh gb;l ? wu,fawmh olreJ@twl tjcm; vlrnf;awG[m olw@kd &hJ tom;t

a&mifa=umifh udpP&yfrsm;pGmudk aqmif±u G cf iG hf r&=uygb;l ? jynfo@l tcGit fh a&;v_y±f mS ;r_&hJ rdcifv@kd od =uwJh ±dq k mywfc[ f m 'Dordik ;f bD; vnfywfr_}uD;udk ajymif;vJay; vdu k w f hJ trsK;d orD;wOD;yg? ±dq k mudk 1913 ck azaz:0g &Dv 3 &ufae@rmS arG;zGm;cJw h ,f? ol rzcif[m vuform;q&mjzpf+yD; tjcm;òrd‹±mG rSm tvkyv f yk yf gw,f? ±dq k meJ@ olr&Jah rmif qDAufppf wm [m olrrdcife@J tzd;k / tzGm;awGe@J twl }u;D jyif;cJ=h uw,f? olw@kd [m t,fvv f mbm;rm;jynfe,f±dS ydik ;f v,fA,fqw kd hJ a'ou,mawm rSm aexdik cf =hJ uygw,f? ±dkqm[m ,mawmxJ rSm =uufpmau|;/ [if;±Gucf if;awG udk aygi;f ±Si;f eJ@ t+rJvkd tvkyrf sm; aewwf+yD; tvky+f yD;wJt h cg olr

28

Dove2007Janfinal.pmd

28

2/21/2007, 5:13 PM

[m armifi,feJ@twlupm;um ig;r#m;avh&cSd yhJ gw,f? auoHk;vHk;vdk@ac:wJh vl jzLt=urf;zuftyk pf ak =umifh vlrnf; awG[m ntcgrmS xdwx f w d v f ef@ vef@eJ@ae=u&w,f? auoHk;vHk; *d% k ;f 0ifawG[m 0wf±}kH u;D awGòc+H y;D rsuEf mS udk acgi;f pGyrf suEf mS zH;k awG pGyf xm;ygw,f? olw@kd awGu vlrnf; awGuo kd wf+yD; tdraf wGukd rD;±_Œd ypf wwfwma=umifh ±dq k mtzd;k [m n nqdk aumif;aumif; rtdy&f bl;? auoHk;vHk;tzJG@awGvm&if ol@rd om;pkudk umuG,zf @kd aoewfw vufe@J owdxm;aecJ&h w,f? tzd;k jzpfou l pdw0f ifpm; p&m yHjk yifawGukd cHpm;r_tjynfeh @J ajymjywwfayr,fh 'DyHkjyifawGu t+rJwrf;awmh aysmpf &mraumif; ygb;l ? ol[m ,mawmwckrmS }u;D jyif;cJ&h w,f? aemufvrl nf;jzpfwm a=umifh vljzL,mawmydkif&Sifu ±dkufwwfovdk cg;±dk;usdK;avmuf atmifcikd ;f +y;D pm;ºuiG ;f pm;useaf wG udk au|;wwfygw,f? ±dq k m&Jh tzd;k [m ol@ajr;awGukd }uŒH cdik o f al wGjzpf apvdyk gw,f? olwyg;u ol@w@kd t ay: ±dkif;±dkif;pkdif;pdkif; qufqHwm rsK;d udv k nf; vufrcHapvdyk gb;l ? ±dq k mhtzd;k u vlawG[m ynmwwfawGukd av;pm;=uw,f vk@d ajymygw,f? 'gayr,fh t,fvf vmbm;rm;rSm±Sw d hJ trsK;d orD;awG txl;ojzifh vlrnf;rde;f uav;awG uawmh ajcmufwef;xufausm+f y;D ausmif;rae=u&bJ rdom;pkt wGuf tvkyx f u G v f yk =f u&ygw,f? tJ't D vkyaf wGuvnf; csr;f omwJh

vljzLawGqrD mS tdraf zmfvyk w f meJ@ oef@±iS ;f a&;vkyw f mrsK;d awGyg? ±dq k m&Jh rdcifuawmh olr zcif&hJ t}uaH y;csut f wdik ;f pmóu;d pm;cJhwma=umifh q&mrjzpfcJhyg w,f? 'gawmifrS olr&Jhpmoif =um;r_[m uef@owfccH &hJ ygw,f?

“usrwd@k 'DurBm ajray:a&mufvm=uwm [m ±Sio f efz@kd / }u;D xGm;zd@k eJ@ urBm}uD;udk +idrf;csrf; om,mwJh ae&mwck t jzpfzefw;D +y;D vlom;tm; vH;k vGwv f yfa&;udk cHpm; =uzdk@ jzpfw,fqdkwmudk 'Dae@ 'Dcsed cf grmS awmh usr ,H=k unfomG ;yg+y?D ”

vlrnf;q&mrawG[m vlrnf;u av;awGuo kd m pmoif&+yD; vljzL q&m/ q&mrawGavmufvnf; v cr&=uygb;l ? touf 6 ESpt f ±G,rf mS ±dq k mausmif;paeygw,f? olr[m wjcm;uav;awGe@J rwlbJ r=um r=um tmoD;a,mifv@kd zsm;wwf +yD; jrefjrefrajy;Edik o f vkd abmvH;k zrf; upm;wmudv k nf; rwwfyg bl;? tarjzpfou l t&ifuwnf; u pmóudoifay;xm;wma=umifh wwef;wufwt hJ cg olr[m pm aumif ; aumif ; zwf w wf v m w,f? ±dq k m[m ewforD;yHjk yifawG udk óuduo f vdk uav;uAsmawG udkvnf; ESpfoufw,f? aemuf olr[mtwef;xJrSm pmzwft awmfq;kH uav;wa,muf jzpfvm ygw,f? ao;oG , f + yD ; owW d aumif;wJh ±dq k m[m ud, k u hf , kd u f kd ,Hk=unftm;udk;olwa,mufyg? wcgawmh pudwpf ;D vmwJh vljzLu av;u olrudk wGe;f wJt h cg olru vnf; jyef+yD;wGe;f ypfcyhJ gw,f? vl jzLav;&Jt h aru eiftzrf;cH&r,f vk@d ajymayr,fh olru *±krpdu k cf hJ ygb;l ? olru 'Dvzdk t d m;ay;wmudk vufrcHcb hJ ;l ? pmoifausmif;awG[m vlrsK;d a&;t& cGjJ cm;xm;+yD; vljzL uav;awGe@J vlrnf;uav;awG udk oD;jcm;xm;ygw,f? ±dq k mwd@k aewJah usmif;u opfom;eJ@aqmuf xm;w,f? vlrnf;awGu ausmif; udk pkaygi;f aqmufvyk +f yD; ausmif; twGuv f nf; axmufyahH =u;xnfh

29

Dove2007Janfinal.pmd

29

2/21/2007, 5:13 PM

=u&ygw,f? odyaf t;wJt h cgrmS rd bawGu xif;awG vSn;f eJ@y@kd ay; =uw,f? }uD;wJh uav;awGu xif;awGo,f+yD; rD;zdk=u&w,f? vlrnf;uav;awG[m ausmif;udk ajcvsio f mG ;=u&w,f? pmoifcef; wckwckrSm uav;ajcmufq,f avmuf±adS yr,fh q&m/ q&mru awmh wa,mufwnf;yg? vlrnf; uav;awG[m wpfEpS rf mS 5 v avmuf ausmif;wuf+y;D uset f csed f awGrSmawmh ,mawmxJrSm t vkyv f yk =f u&w,f? vl j zLuav;awG & J h ausmif;uawmh vljzLeJ@vrl nf;t ygt0if jynfoal wGay;wJh b¾m aiGudkoHk;+yD; tkwfeJ@aqmufxm; w,f? pmoifcef;awGukd tylay; xm;+yD; t+rJjyKjyifay;w,f? pm oifcsdefu wESpfrSm 9 v±Sd+yD; ausmif;um;tóut d yd@k vyk yf gw,f? wcgw&H vrf;av#mufomG ;aewJh vlrnf;uav;awGukd vljzLuav; awGu um;ay:uae tr_u d af wGe@J aygufwwfw,f? ±dkqmeJ@ olr armifav;[m um;vmwm awG@ &if um;ausmfoGm;wJhtcsdefxd v,fuiG ;f awGxrJ mS yke;f atmif;ae &w,f? vljzLuav;awG[m vl rnf;awGtay: zdEydS q f ufqzH @kd ol wd@k rb d awGqu D wwfajrmufc=hJ u wmyg? olw@kd t&yfu vljzLwdik ;f ±dik ;f pkid ;f wmawmh r[kwyf gb;l ? 'gay r,fh trsm;pku 'Dvjdk zpfaewm bm a=umihv f q J w kd mawmh em;vnfz@kd cufcyhJ gw,f? ±dq k m[m vlrsK;d cJjG cm; qufqaH &;0g'qdw k hJ pum;vH;k udk

rodcJhovdk rGef*dkrm&Dudk ausmif; wufz@kd omG ;wJt h csed x f d 'Djy\em b,favmuf qkd;w,fqdkwmudk rodcb hJ ;l ? tJ't D cgrmS olr[m t ouf(11)ESpft±G,f±dSyg+yD? olr ausmif;a[mif;u ajcmufwef; t xdyJ oifv@dk &wma=umihf ausmif; ajymif;cJh&w,f? vlrsKd;a&;cJGjcm; qufqrH u _ òrd‹ay:rSm yd}k uD;rm;yg w,f? vljzLeJ@ vlrnf;awGtwGuf pm=unfw h u kd /f [kw d ,f/ pm;aomuf qdik /f bk&m;ausmif;eJ@"gwaf vSum; awG oD;jcm;xm;±So d vdk aomufa& wdik af wGuv kd nf; vljzLeJ@ tom;t a&mif±o dS t l wGuq f kd cJjG cm;xm;wJh pmawG uyfxm;ygw,f? rGe*f rkd m&Dausmif;u yk*~ vd u ausmif ; jzpf + yD ; tm;vH k ; ausmif;vcay;=u&w,f? ±dkqm ausmif;wufz@kd twGuf olrtar u pmoifvdk@ &whJaiGudk pkxm; w,f? rGe*f rkd m&Dausmif;&Jh ausmif; tkyu f tJvpf0u _d jf zpf+y;D useq f &m/ q&mrawG[mvnf; vljzLawGyJ jzpfygw,f? vlrnf;uav;awGukd pmoifay;wmudk vljzLtrsm;pku róudu=f uygb;l ? t=urf;zufqef@ usio f al wGu rpP0u _d &f hJ ausmif;udk ESp}f udrw f ikd w f ikd f rD;±_Œd cJyh gw,f? ±dk qm[m pmóud;pm;wJh ausmif;ol jzpfc+hJ yD; rpP0u d_ af usmif;u uav; awG udk,fhudk,fudk ,Hk=unfr_±Sd atmif oif=um;ay;w,f? 'gu vl wa,muf&hJ tom;ta&mif[m jy\emr[kwb f ;l ? ol[m vlawG &Jh av;pm;r_eJ@ xdkufwefovdk uk, d v f ckd siw f hJ b0&nfreS ;f csuu f kd vnf; &,lEikd w f ,fqw kd o hJ rl tzd;k eJ@

rdcifu oif=um;ay;vku d w f hJ pum; udk jyeftrSw&f apygw,f? ±dq k m (11) wef;wufae csed rf mS olrtzGm;eJ@rcd if ruse;f rrm jzpfwma=umifh rdom;pkukd apmifh a±Smufz@kd ausmif;xGucf &hJ w,f? olrtouf (18) ESpt f ±G,frSm a&rGefygqdkwJh qHoq&m av; olrb0xJ 0ifvmw,f? ole@J ±dq k mwd@k tjyifukd twlxu G v f nf =uw,f? a&rGeu f oltzJ@G 0iftjzpf yg0ifxm;wJh tom;ta&mif±o dS l rsm; wd;k wufa&;qdik &f m trsK;d om; tpnf;t±H;k ( NAACP)ta=umif; ±dq k mudk ajymjyw,f? olw@kd u vl rnf;awG rJay;&mrSm ulnw D mrsK;d eJ@ rSm;,Gi;f +y;D w&m;pJcG &H olawGukd um uG,af y;ygw,f? a&rGeu f t+rw J rf; ol@tcGit hf a&;eJ@ vlrnf;awG&hJ t cGit fh a&;twGuf &yfwnfcw hJ ,f? ol@&o hJ wWed @J xufjrufra_ =umifh ±dk qm[m ol‹tay: ESpfoufcJhrd w,f? 1932 ck 'DZifbmrSm olw@kd vufxyfvkduf=u+yD; rGef*dkrm&Dudk ajymif;a&$Œaexdik cf =hJ uw,f? aemuf oH;k ESpt f =umrSmawmh ±dq k m[m t xufwef;ausmif; atmifcyhJ gw,f? aemufEpS af wGrmS ±dq k m[m NAACP rSm apwemh0efxrf;tjzpf yg0ifaqmif±u G cf +hJ yD; 1943 ckEpS rf mS tJ'DtzJG@&Jh twGif;a&;rª;jzpfvm w,f? pmta&;tzwfaumif;wJh ±dq k m[m tJ't D zJ@G twGuf pmawG a&;cJo h vdk vlrsK;d a&;cJjG cm;cH&wJh tr_ awGtwGuf tpD&ifcHpm a&;ay; w,f? 1940 jynhfvGefESpfawGrSm olr[m NAACP &Jv h il ,ftzJ@G rmS t}uHay;jzpfcw hJ ,f? vli,fawGe@J

30

Dove2007Janfinal.pmd

30

2/21/2007, 5:13 PM

tvkyv f yk u f ikd &f wmeJ@ olw@kd &hJ t awG;tjrifopfawGukd olr ESpo f uf cJyh gw,f? olru tJ'rD mS apwemh 0efxrf;rvkycf ifwnf;u olr[m ukew f u kd w f ckrmS t0wftpm;awG csKyfcyhJ gw,f? 'Dtvkyu f kd olr r óudufayr,hf vlrnf;wa,muf taeeJ@ tvkyt f udik &f mS azGz@kd cufcJ wma=umihf vky&f wmyg? wevFm ae@uae aom=umae@txd olr [m bwfpu f m;pD;+y;D tvkyo f mG ;& w,f? bwfpu f m;awGrmS vnf; t jcm;ae&mawGrmS vkd vlrsK;d a&;cJjG cm;r_ awG±Sdygw,f? um;armif;olawG [m vlrsK;d a&;cJjG cm;r_ukd usio hf ;kH zd@k &Jwpfa,mufvdk =oZmtm%m±S+d y;D wcsKŒd qdk aoewfyg udik af qmifxm; wwfygw,f? um;a&SŒcef;u cHw k ef; 10 ckrmS vljynfah e&if tJ'aD emufrmS xdik af ewJh vlrnf;awGu vljzLt wGuf ae&mz,fay;&ygw,f? vlrsK;d a&;cJjG cm;wJh um;o rm;wpfa,muf[m ±dq k mudk b,f tcgrS um;a&SŒwHcg;uwufz@kd cGirhf jyKcJyh gb;l ? um;cay;+yD;&if olu ±kd qmudk um;aemufayguu f qif;zd@k ajymcJw h ,f? olru apm'uwuf zdk@óud;pm;wJhtcg um;ay:u t wif; qJcG sxm;wwfygw,f? ol&hJ rke;f wD;wJt h =unhaf wGukd ±dq k marh vd@k r&cJyh gb;l ? tJ'u D p+y;D ±dq k m[m tJ'D um;vm&if b,fawmhrS rpD;bJ aemufum;udk apmifah vh±ydS gw,f? tJvkd yHrk eS t f vkyv f yk u f ikd f ae&if; 1955 ck 'DZifbm 1 &ufae@ rSm ±dkqm[m bwfpfum;pD;+yD; tdrjf yefvmw,f? b,foal rmif;wJh

um;rSe;f owdrxm;rdbJ um;ay:rSm xdik v f u dk v f mcJw h ,f? aemufrw S f wd k i f w ck a &muf a wmh vl j zLw a,muf wufvmygw,f? um;ay: u a±SŒqk;H cHw k ef; 10 ck rSmvnf; vl jynfah e+y?D um;orm;u aemufukd vSnfh=unhf+yD; tJ'DcHkwef;udk ay; vku d yf gv@kd ajymawmh ±dq k meJ@twl xdik af eolawGu rwfwyf&yfay;=u w,f? ±dq k m[m olrtzd;k oif=um; vku d w f hJ vlwikd ;f [m av;pm;r_e@J xdu k w f efw,fqw kd mudk trSw&f vdu k +f yD; xray;cJb h ;l ? um;orm; u eifu h kd zrf;vd@k &w,fv@kd ajymwJh tcg um;wpD;vH;k wdwq f w d o f mG ;cJh w,f? ±dq k mu ol@ukd jyefpu kd =f unhf &if; rif;vkycf siv f yk v f u kd yf gv@kd jyef ajymvdu k w f ahJ emufrmS &Ju olrudk vmzrf;oGm;ygw,f? ±dq k mudk zrf;oGm;wJh o wif;[m vlrnf;awG=um;rSm jyef@ oGm;w,f? NAACP&Jh OuUX tD;'D epfqifu olrtr_ukd ckcw H u kd cf u kd f zd@k ajymvmwJt h cg olru oabm wlcw hJ ,f? vlrsK;d a&;cJjG cm;wmawG eJ@ vlrnf;awGtay: zdEydS w f mawG tqH k ; owf & r,f v d k @ qH k ; jzwf c J h w,f? epfqifu pDrHudef;}uD; wckcsvu kd w f ,f? olu trsK;d orD; Edik if aH &;aumifpu D tzJ@G 0if *sKd tef a&mfbifqefe@J wdik yf ifw,f? olr&Jh t}uHjyKcsuft& bwfpfum;awG udk oydwaf rSmuf=uw,f? bmvd@k vJqakd wmh bwfpu f m; pD;olawG&hJ 70 &mcdik Ef e_ ;f u vlrnf;awGjzpfv@kd olw@kd tm;vH;k yl;aygi;f yg0ifvm&if +rKd Œawmf&hJ b¾ma&;udk xdcu dk v f m

rSmjzpfygw,f? olw@kd [m vufurf; a=umfjimawG jzef@a0ovdk awG@wJh olwikd ;f udv k nf; ±Si;f jyw,f? a'guf wm rmwifvo l muif; (*sLeD,m) vdk bk&m;ausmif;oif;tkyf q&m awGuvnf; 0wfjyKvmolawGukd 'DZifbm 5 &ufae@ wevFmae@rmS b,folrS bwfpfum; rpD;oifh a=umif; ±Si;f vif;ajymjy=uw,f? wevFmae@a&mufwhJ t cg oydwaf rSmuf jzpfygrh vm;qdk vl wdik ;f u pd;k &draf e=uw,f? yxrqH;k bwfpu f m; pxGuv f mw,f? vlw a,mufrS rygcb hJ ;l ? tJ't D wdik ;f &uf tawmf=umatmif qufjzpfaecJh w,f? ±dq k mywfcef @J vlrsK;d a&;cJjG cm; r_ qef@usiaf &;v_y&f mS ;r_ukd axmuf cHwt hJ aeeJ@ vlawGu wuUpiD mS ;pD; =uw,f? vlaygi;f rsm;pGm[m apm apmx+yD; tvkyu f kd vrf;av#muf oGm;=uovdk aemuftusc+H y;D tdrf udk vrf;av#mufjyef=uw,f? tJ'D vkdvrf;ay:rSm vlawGtrsm;}uD; vrf;av#mufoGm;aewm[m w ae@rSm ESpf}udrfpDwef;vSnfhvnf qENjyovdk jzpfaecJw h ,f? tJ'Dae@reufrSm ±dkqm [m olr&Jh a&SŒaez&uf'*f a&;eJ@t wl w&m;±Hk;wuf&w,f? olru '%faiGaqmifcJh&ayr,fh t,lcH qufwufr,fv@kd qdck w hJ ,f? tjyif rSm apmifah ewJv h al wGu olr&Jh qH;k jzwfcsuu f kd vufcyk af wGw;D +y;D tm; ay;cJ=h uw,f? 'Dvkd aysmyf q JG ifz@kd ol wd@k t=um}u;D apmihcf =hJ u&wmyg? t,lcu H mv[m ESpef @J csD =umEdkifwmrdk@ bwfpfum;oydwf [m b,favmuf=umrvJqw kd m

31

Dove2007Janfinal.pmd

31

2/21/2007, 5:13 PM

yxrydik ;f rSm b,forl S rcef@reS ;f Edik yf g bl;? vlrnf;awGu bwfpfum; ukr`%Dudk vljzL/ vlrnf;wef;wl qufqzH @kd aphpyfcahJ yr,fh ukr% ` u D vufrcHcb hJ ;l ? wcsKŒd vljzLawGu 'D vdjk zpfwmudk trsuaf 'goxGu=f u +y;D wuUpaD pmifah ewJh vlrnf;awGukd atmf[pfqq J =kd uygw,f? vlrnf; um;orm;awGudkvnf; touf tmrcHray;bJxm;+y;D ta=umif;jy csurf ±Sb d J zrf;=uygw,f? ±dq k meJ@ a&rGet f ygt0if vlrnf;awG trsm; }uD; tvkyfvufrJhjzpfcJh&ygw,f? oydwaf rSmufv@kd oH;k vt=umol wd@k aiGawG tawmfq;kH ±_;H vku d &f +yD; wJhaemufrSm bwfpfum;ajy;wm awG vH;k 0&yfqikd ;f oGm;ygw,f? tJ'D aemuf wEkid if v H ;kH rSm&dw S o hJ al wGu rGe*f rkd m&Dta&;tcif;twdik ;f vku d f ygaqmif±u G +f y;D vlrsK;d a&;cJjG cm;r_ukd qef@usiv f m=uw,f? wEdik if v H ;kH twdkif;twmeJ@ jynfol@tcGifht a&; v_y±f mS ;r_ (Civil Right Movement) pwifcy hJ gawmhw,f? ±dkqm&Jhtr_[m tar&d uef&Sd tjrifq h ;kH w&m;±H;k udak &mufchJ &w,f? aemufq;kH qH;k jzwfcsuu f bwfpu f m;awGay:rSm vlrsK;d a&;cJG jcm;wmudk ydwyf ifcw hJ ,f? 1956 ckEpS f 'DZifbmv 21 &ufae@rmS o ydwu f kd w&m;0if &yfpv J u kd w f ,f? oydwu f mv[m 13 v =umjrihcf Jh ygw,f? tJ'ED pS af wG[m ±dq k mt wGuf =urf;wrf;wJEh pS af wGyg? olr [m tvkyv f ufrjhJ zpf&ovdk w&m; ±H;k wufaecJ&h w,f? oydw&f yfp+J yD; wJah emufrmS awmif w,fvzD ek ;f u

ae+crd ;f ajcmufwmawG cHc&hJ ygw,f? olr[m rpfcs*D efjynfe,f 'ufx &$u d u f kd ajymif;a&$ŒoGm;+y;D tJ'rD mS vl rnf;v$waf wmftrwf *|eu f eG , f m twGuf tvkyv f yk af y;&if jynfo@l tcGit fh a&;v_y±f mS ;r_rmS qufvuf yg0ifcyhJ gw,f? olr[m tJ'rD mS ESpf aygi;f 20 tvkyv f yk cf +hJ yD; rmwifvl omuif;(*sLeD,m)ae@ukd ±H;k ydw&f uf tjzpfowfrSwfzdk@aqmif±GufEdkifcJh ygw,f? vlrnf;awG wd;k wufa&; twGuf ±dq k meJ@ a&rGeyf gcf tifpwD usKukd zGiv hf pS w f nfaxmif+y;D 10ESpf t=um 1977 ckEpS rf mS a&rGeu f , G f vGecf yhJ gw,f? 'Dausmif;u vli,f awGudk rdrdvlŒabmiftusKd;udk aqmif±Gufr,fh acgif;aqmifawG tjzpf avh u sif h o if = um;ay;yg w,f? txl;tpDtpOftjzpf vGwf ajrmufa&;vrf;trnfe@J vlrsK;d rwl nDwhJ vli,fawGukd tar&duu ae uae'gtxd um;vrf;/ aemuf ajratmuf&xm;vrf;uwqifh c&D;twloGm;apcJhygw,f? ±dkqm [m 'Dc&D;udk uav;awGeJ@twl oGm;avh&+Sd yD; twdwu f tjzpfawG udk jyefajymjyygw,f? 1988 ckEpS rf mS orRwtjzpf ta±G;cHr,fh vlrnf; acgi;f aqmif *suq f *D suq f ifukd ul nDz@kd twGuf 'Dru kd &uf nDvmcHukd oGm;wufa&mufcw hJ ,f? 'Dtpnf; ta0;rSm *sufqifu ±dkqm[m jynfo@l tcGit hf a&; v_y±f mS ;r_ukd p wifvrf;azmufol tjzpfwifjycJyh g w,f? ±dq k mudk tar&duef w Edik if v H ;kH u cs;D usL;*k%jf yK=uayr,fh

olru odo k o kd yd o f yd yf aJ ecJyh gw,f? ‘'Dvy_ &f mS ;r_xrJ mS yg0ifcw hJ m usr wa,mufwnf;r[kwyf gb;l ? usr [m vGwaf jrmufa&;twGuf wdu k f yJ0G if=uolawGxu J wa,mufyg’ vd@k qdck yhJ gw,f? olrudk tyfEiS ;f cJw h hJ qkawGxJrSm tar&dueforw&Jh vGwv f yfa&;qdik &f mqke@J rmwifvl omuif;(*sLeD,m) t=urf; rzuf +idrf;csrf;a&;qkawGvnf;yg0if yg w,f? 2000 ckEpS f 'DZifbmvrSm rGe*f rkd m&Dòrd‹u ±dq k mywfcpf m=unhf wdu k ef @J jywdu k u f kd zGiv hf pS jf cif;jzifh *k%ðf ycJyh gw,f? wcgw&HrSm rD;yGm;av; wp[m }uD;rm;wJh ajymif;vJr}_ uD; udk jzpfapygw,f? 1955 ckEpS &f hJ 'D Zifbmnaecif;rSm ±dq k mywfc[ f m vloef;aygif;rsm;pGmudk v_HŒaqmf pnf;±Hk;+yD; trSefw&m;twGuf wku d yf 0GJ ifz@kd rar#mv f ifch yhJ gb;l ?bwfpf um;ay:rSm xdik cf u kH ae&m z,fray; vku d w f meJ@ wef;wlnrD #a&;wdu k yf GJ &Jh acgi;f aqmifjzpfvmr,fv@kd vnf; awG;rxm;cJhygbl;? aemuf ol&J aumif;}uD;wa,muf jzpfvm& r,fv@kd vnf; pdwu f ;l rxm;ygb;l ? 'gayr,fh ±dq k mywfc[ f m rdru d , kd u f kd wefz;kd xm;av;pm;jcif;eJ@ &J&ifrh u _ t&m&mudk +yD;ajrmufapw,fqdk wmudk usrwd@k tm;vH;k udk jyo oGm;ygw,f? a&;aom Great Wo men Leaders rS Rosa Park udk jyefqkd ygonf? rSwcf su-f ±dq k mywfc(f 92 ESp)f [m 2005 ckEpS f atmufwb kd m v24 &ufae@rmS uG,v f eG yf gw,f? Heather Ball

32

Dove2007Janfinal.pmd

32

2/21/2007, 5:13 PM