294004396-mapeh-9-module.docx

MODULE IN MAPEH Grade 9

ARTS: ARTS OF THE NEOCLASSIC AND ROMANTIC PERIOD Introduction In the middle of the 18th century, Neoclassicism was born out of rejection of the Rococo and late Baroque styles. Romanticism began in the sane era but its approach had to do with the modern or new rather than the traditional. Their influences today were highly visible through the style of paintings, sculptures and other art works adapted by the well-known artists internationally and also by some of our National artists. Some of the existing architectural structures convey the traits and characteristics of such periods.

OBJECTIVES: -Analyze the elements and principles in the production of work following the style of Neoclassicism and Romantic arts -Identify distinct characteristics of arts during the Neoclassic and Romantic periods -Compare the characteristics of artworks produced in Neoclassic and Romantic periods -Create artworks guided by techniques and styles of Neoclassic and romantic art traditions

NEOCLASSICISM, 1780-1840 The word neoclassic came from the Greek word neos meaning new and the Latin word classicus which is similar in meaning to the English phrase first class. The Western movement in decorative and visual arts was called Neoclassicism. It also applies to literature, theatre, music, and architecture that were influenced by the classical art and culture of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. The Neoclassical movement coincided with the 18th century Age of Reason also known as the Age of Enlightenment. The art style in this period was brought about by the renewed interest in Greek and Roman classics. Neoclassical art pieces such as paintings, sculpture and architecture generally portrayed Roman history which elevated the Roman heroes.

Characteristics: - portrayal of Roman history - formal composition - the use of diagonals to show the peak of an emotion or moment (versus a regular moment) - local color - overall lighting - classic geo-structure

Neoclassical Paintings Neoclassical artists embraced the ideals of order and moderation in which artistic interpretations of classic Greek and Roman history were restored to realistic portrayals. Neoclassical painters gave great importance to the costumes, settings and details of classical subject-matter without adding distracting details but with as much historical accuracy as possible

NEO-CLASSICAL ARTISTS There are a number of neo-classical artists from Europe and the United States. Below are some of them: JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID (1748-1825) France Jacques-Louis David was an influential French painter in the Neoclassical style, and considered to be the pre-eminent painter of the era. His subjects of paintings were more on history. Famous Artworks: 1. THE DEATH OF MARAT (J. David) 2. NAPOLEON CROSSING THE ALPS 3. OATH OF THE HORATII (J. David) JEAN-AUGUSTE-DOMINIQUE INGRES (1780-1867) France Ingres was a pupil of Jacques-Louis David. He was influenced by Italian Renaissance painters like Raphael, Nicolas Pousin, Botticelli, and his mentor, Jacques-Louis David. His paintings were usually nudes, portraits and mythological themes. He was regarded as one of the great exemplars of academic art and one of the finest Old Masters of his era. Famous Artworks: 1. PORTRAIT OF NAPOLÉON ON THE IMPERIAL THRONE 2. THE APOTHEOSIS OF HOMER

NEOCLASSICAL SCULPTURES The Neoclassical period was one of the great ages of public sculpture. Artists looked to Roman styles during the time of Alexander the Great for inspiration as well as to mimic their style.

NEO-CLASSICAL SCULPTORS ANTONIO CANOVA (1757-1822) Italy Canova was a prolific Italian artist and sculptor who became famous for his marble sculptures that delicately rendered nude flesh. He opened the idea for portraying discrete sexual pleasures by using pure contours with his mythological compositions. Famous artworks 1. PSYCHE AWAKENED BY CUPID’S KISS 2. WASHINGTON

BERTEL THORVALDSEN (1789-1838) Denmark Thorvaldsen was the first internationally acclaimed Danish artist. He executed sculptures of mythological and religious themes characters. Famous artworks 1. CHRIST 2. LION OF LUCERNE

NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURES Neoclassical architectural styles started in the mid-18th century. It turned away from the grandeur of Rococo style and the Late Baroque. In its purest form, Neoclassical architecture was a style principally derived from the architecture of Classical Greece and Rome and the architectural designs of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio.

Types of Neoclassical Architecture 1.TEMPLE STYLE Temple style building design was based on an ancient temple. These buildings were uncommon during the Renaissance as architects of that period focused mainly on applying classical elements to churches and modern buildings like palazzos and villas. Many temple style buildings feature a peristyle (a continuous line of columns around a building), a rare feature of Renaissance architecture 2. PALLADIAN STYLE Palladian buildings were based on Andrea Palladio’s style of villa construction. Some of the buildings feature a balustrade which is a railing with vertical supports along the edge of the roof. There are vertical supports within a balustrade known as “balusters” or spindles”. It is also a classical method of crowning a building that has a flat or low lying roof. 3. CLASSICAL BLOCK STYLE The building features a rectangular or square plan, with a flat roof and an exterior rich in classical detail. The exterior features a repeated classical pattern or series of arches and/or columns. The overall impression of such a building was a huge, classically-decorated rectangular block. Classical block aesthetic was also known as “Beaux-Arts style”, since it was developed principally by the French École des Beaux-Arts (School of Fine Arts). Classical block architecture also flourished in the United States, particularly in New York.

SUMMARY:

ELEMENTS

NEOCLASSICISM PERIOD

Values:

Order, solemnity

Inspiration:

Classical Rome, patriotism, courage, honor

Tone:

Calm, rational

Subjects:

Greek and Roman history

Technique:

Stressed drawing with lines, not color; no trace of Brushstroke

Role of Art:

Morally uplifting, Inspirational

Composition:

Most figures in foreground.

Lines:

Linear Style (outlines are sharply defined through controlled brushstrokes

Textures:

Smooth, no brushstrokes can be seen

Romanticism Art 1800s-1810s The Industrial Revolution got into swing in the latter part of the 18th century, starting in England and spreading to France and America. This revolution brought with it a new market economy, based on new technology—machine tools and machine power instead of human tools and animal power. With little to no regulations in place, these jobs could be brutal. Men, women, and children worked 14 hour shifts; where they had once told time by the sun, now they could go weeks without seeing the light of day. At the same time, there was a growing reaction against the philosophy of the Enlightenment, which emphasized science, empirical evidence, and rational thought above all. Romantics challenged the idea that reason was the one path to truth, judging it inadequate in understanding the great mysteries of life. These mysteries could be uncovered with emotion, imagination, and intuition. Romantics emphasized a life filled with deep feeling, spirituality, and free expression, seeing such virtues as a bulwark against the dehumanizing effects of industrialization. Artists of the Romantic Period tried to capture these ideals in their work. They rejected the rationalism and rules-driven orderliness that characterized the Neoclassical style of the Enlightenment. Art of this period also depicted the romantic ideal of nationalism, but for reasons of length, we will focus on landscapes in this post. Like Baroque artists, Romantic artists hoped to inspire an emotional response in those who viewed their art; but instead of seeking to inspire faith as their predecessors had, most sought to evoke a nostalgic yearning for rural, pastoral life, the stirrings of life’s mysteries, and a sense of the power and grandeur of nature.

Characteristics: -Shows the height -Emotional extremes -Celebrated nature as out of control -Dramatic compositions -Heightened sensation ( life and death moments )

ROMANTIC PAINTINGS The paintings of the Romantic period gave more emphasis on emotion. Artists expressed as much feeling and passion as it could be on a canvas. Painters of the Romantic Period Jean Louis Théodore Géricault He was interested in painting contemporary, topical events, not only as a depiction of that particular event, but also as an exploration of the passionate emotions and truths that underlay it. Often Géricault's searches yielded dark and previously unknown images. Fascinated by violence and horror, he made a series of bloodcurdling paintings of the decapitated heads of criminals. Géricault's early death, caused by a fall from a horse in 1824, ended a brilliant and original career.

Famous Artworks -The Raft of the Medusa -Charging Chasseur -Insane Woman -The Race of the Riderless Horses -Portrait Study of a Youth -The 1821 Derby at Epsom Eugene Delacroix Considered the leader of the French Romantic school of painting. A prolific artist. Produced over 9,000 works during his lifetime, ranging from paintings, to watercolors, pastels and drawings. His work both shaped the Impressionist artists and inspired the Symbolist movement. First, his work was criticized, but later accepted and purchased by the state or personal patron. His works revolved around many themes, many of which were inspired by the works of Shakespeare, Goethe, and Byron, and entailed the motifs of violence and sensuality Famous Artworks -Liberty leading the people -Massacre At Chios -Greece Expiring on the Ruins of Missolonghi -The Death of Sardanapalus

Francisco Goya Spanish Romantic painter and printmaker most important Spanish artist of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries Court painter to the Spanish crown he was both a commentator on and chronicler of his era Sometimes called the father of modern art. Famous Artworks -The Third of May 1808 -The Majas -Los Caprichos

ROMANTIC PAINTINGS ( Landscape Paintings) Landscape painting depicts the physical world that surrounds us and includes features such as mountains, valleys, vegetation, and bodies of water. The sky is another important element shaping the mood of landscape paintings. Landscape art ranges from highly detailed and realistic to impressionistic, romantic and idealized.

Famous Landscape Artists Theodore Rousseau in full Pierre-Étienne-Théodore Rousseau (born April 15, 1812, Paris, France—died December 22, 1867, Barbizon), French painter who was a leader of the Barbizon school of landscape painters. His direct observation of nature made him an important figure in the development of landscape painting.

Famous Artworks Under the Birches, Evening Peasant in the Forest of Fontainebleau

Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot (born July 16, 1796, Paris, France—died February 22, 1875, Paris), French painter, noted primarily for his landscapes, who inspired and to some extent anticipated the landscape painting of the Impressionists. His oil sketches, remarkable for their technical freedom and clear colour, have come to be as highly regarded as the finished pictures that were based upon them Famous Artworks Forest of Fontainebleau Hauteurs de Sèvres: Chemin Troyon

Romantic Sculptures Romantic sculpture can be divided into works that concern about the human world and those that concern the natural world. The leading sculptors of each type were Rude and Barye, respectively.

Romantic Artists François Rude ( January 4, 1784 – November 3, 1855 ) Born in Dijon Worked at his father’s trade as a stovemaker till the age of 16, but received training in drawing from François Devosges In 1809 he went to Paris from Dijon school of art, and became a pupil of Pierre Cartelier, obtaining the Grand Prix de Rome in 1812 After the second restoration of the Bourbon He retired to Brussels, where; probably owing to the intervention of the exiled Jacques-Louis David he got some work under the architect Charles Vander Straten, who employed him to execute nine basreliefs in the palace of Tervuren, now destroyed At Brussels Rude married the painter Sophie Fremiet, a daughter of a Bonapartist compatriot to whom he had many obligations, but gladly avalied himself of an opportunity to return to Paris

Famous Artworks Plaster bust of Louis-Gabriel Monnier DEPARTURE OF THE VOLUNTEERS

ANTOINE-LOUIS BARYE Born in Paris, Barye began his career as a goldsmith, like many sculptors of the Romantic Period. He first worked under his father, but around 1810 worked under the sculptor Guillaume-Mertin Biennais, who was a goldsmith to Napoleon. After studying under sculptor Francois-Joseph Bosio in 1816 and painter Baron Antoine-Jean Gros, he was (in 1818) admitted to the École des Beaux Arts. But it was not until 1823, while working for Fauconnier, the goldsmith, that he discovered his true predilection from watching the animals in the Jardin des Plantes, making vigorous studies of them in pencil drawings comparable to those of Delacroix, then modelling them in sculpture on a large or small scale. Barye didn't only want to be known as a sculptor of small bronzes, he wanted to be known as a sculpteur statuaire (a sculptor of large statues)

Famous Artworks Erymanthian Boar Hercules sitting on a bull Milo of Crotana Devoured by a Lion

SUMMARY: ELEMENTS Values: Inspiration: Tone: Subjects: Technique: Role of Art: Composition Lines: Textures:

ROMANTIC PERIOD Intuition, emotion, imagination Medieval and Baroque eras, Middle and Far East Subjective, spontaneous, nonconformist Legends, exotica, nature, violence Unrestrained, rich color; visible brushstrokes Dramatic, carry viewer away Use of diagonal, crowded compositions Painterly style (brushstrokes are less restrained) Often has visible brushstrokes ACTIVITIES:

Act # 1: EXPLORER: Look or research for a painting, sculpture or architecture that resembles the Neoclassicism or Romanticism. Research about its history and explain its characteristics Reflection Questions: -How did you identify the artwork? -What are the characteristic of the artwork that make it a part of such art movement? -Why do you think that there is a need to value the artwork and art movements from the past eras? Act # 2: CRITIQUING: Look for the following artworks and describe them according to the basic elements of arts such as to lines, colors, shapes and texture. a. Lion of Lucerne b. Siliman University Hall c. National Museum d. Theseus slaying minotaur e. Insane Woman f. Portrait of Napoleon on the imperial throne Act # 3 : Compare and Contrasts: Using the given information, compare the art produced during Neoclassical and Romantic period art. Neoclassicism Art Produced Romanticism

and principles from Neoclassical and Romantic Period in ¼ illustration board. With 1 inch borders and covered with plastic cover. Write a 10-15 reflection at the back of the illustration board.

Submission: November 23,2015 MONDAY Be ready for the Long Test in Music NOVEMBER 23,2015