War continues 10.6.05
Battle of Trenton, Christmas day 1776 Thomas paine is fighting with Washington, paines writes a pamplet that is read to everyone. Washington realizes his men need more than words. They need a victory. Washington plans a surprise attack on Hessians on xmas. And is able to slip away one last time to NJ The American Crisis Thomas paines pamplet. Philidephia There are a lot of loyalists in Philly and Howe trys to get supporters. He captures Philadephia. English cut off New England from the rest of the colonies.
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Battle of Saratoga Johnny Burgoyne leaves Canada to meet howe halfway, but howe doesn’t go, communication problems. Attacked on the way, once they reach Saratoga Importance of Saratogo: devastating loss for british, very sizeable portion of men. Main reason is because it brings the French into the war.
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France France is waiting on the sidelines. They want revenge. They don’t want to enter the war if the Americans can’t compete with the British. French hear in December and consiter entering the war. Feb 1778, france signes two treaties with the Americans. • One Formally recognizes America as a country and gives them trade benefits. • Second, If France enters war, they both will fight till independece is won. Neither will negotiate. France is not seeking terrirtory. They start sending Money and French fleet.
The Country at War
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Loyalist – fighting for Britian (fewer) many changed in fear of americans. Merchants who benefit from trade. People loyal to Anglican church.
Patriots – giving to army. Much more united than loyalists. Fighting for one burning cause, much more motivated Undecided would join patriots just from seeing british troops. All men had to spend some time in the military.
Financial problems Pretty hard to supply all these men with food and ammo, uniforms. No hard money in circulation. In 1775, continental congress prints money. Paper money is not backed ny anything and people are not accepting it while expecting to be payed. Offers men land to get them to come
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The War in the South The Surrender of Charlseton. War has been in the north, following loyalists, the british move south. Savannna is captured and then Charleston from surrendering. Prisoners of War. Horrible loss The Carolinas General gates meets british head on and runs to philadephia and gives up. Nathanial Green is new general, he divides up his armys. Kings Mountain The Americans fight loyalists, and bloody defeat war gets dirty Battle of Cowpens Americans defaeat small british force Guilford Courthouse Patriots are not as well trained or reliable, they try a new tactic. The put the mulishu at front.. british technically loose, but force enough casualties to convince the british to try something different. Cornwallis goes to Virginia to meet british, get more supplies, and cut off American reinforcements. Washington goes down to meet Corn in Virginia.
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Yorktown French Fleet stop Britian from reaching Yorktown, Cornwallis now has Washington in front, French in back. Hes stuck. Cornwallis surrenders to Americans Cornwallis refuses to surrender is sword, so he sends a lesser man. Essentially last battle. The British band plays “The World Turned
Upside Down” and believe it
The Treaty of Paris 1783
(No French in treaty) Many Americans still don’t trust French. New Boundaries Set previously 13 colonies now extends to missisippi river. British still US would pay debts to the British Any American merchants will still have to pay of debts to British US government will convinsate loyalist for losses.