Articles of confederation
Writing the articles Details • Decentralizing • Unicameral • One representative from each state • Powers of congress
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Congress has the power to Declare war or sign peace treaties
Weaknesses of Articles: • National government no ability to tax individuals • No executive branch • No national court system • No power to regulate international commerce • No standing army
Reasons for the Articles of Con. • Fear of supreme power of taxing • • •
Fear of one person with too much power Bad experiences with courts Fear of government regulation of trade
Revolution: no time to argue over government structure
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Land Ordinence of 1785 Process of dividing land in NW territory Outlined a plan around the land to set up rectangles for agriculture Includes support for schools. 1/16 of money from land sales would go to public schools in the region. Northwest Ordinence of 1787 Process of statehood. Each state would be
equal. Slavery illegal north of Ohio River
Domestic Affairs under the Articles Economic depression currency problems, no uniform trade policy, inflation, overproduction. Farmers hurt. Rhode Island printing money like crazy runaway inflation. State declared it is legal tender to be payed for debts. Massachusetts Take a different approach, they refuse to print any money. Very high tax burden. They haven’t done anything about econimic problems. Shays rebellion – revolutionary war vet, daneil shay, leads a bunch of armed farmers. The state mulissia is called out, and they put down the rebellion. Although the problem is not solved
Road to the new constitution
Mt. Vernon conference, 1785. Men from virgina and Maryland, discussing commerce and such, want to coordinate economic policies. Annapolis Convention, 1786. Alexander Hamilton for a very powerful central government. Gets all the states to get together in philidephia. Need to come up with a new constitution. Philidephia, 1787 aka The constitutional convention Purpose of the Convention: How powerful should the gov become. Want to balance liberty and power. Rhode island is scared they will loose rights because they are smallio, and they stay home. QuickTimeª and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.
Overview of the delegates 55 delegate from 12 states. Average age was 42. 39 served in congress, 8 signed declartion independence, 17 were slave owners. Big Names: Ben Franklin (81), George Washington presided, Not there: Patrick Henry, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Sam Adams
Secret proceedings: this was a rule, they would close themselves off. This way they could say what they meant without pressure, and no trying to show off to a gallery. James Madison. From Virginia, 36 years old. Brilliant. Prepared.