The united states 17811789
10.13.15
Articles: in book shays rebellion. Immense mountains to the west. Virginia Plan proposed mainly by James Marats, dantons and robespierres Madison. Under this plan there are 3 branches of Eli whitney nemassis of the south government. Montescu ideas. Checks and balances. Bicameral legislator. Both houses were selected by population. Not in the best interest of smaller states. Modifying the Articles
New Jersey Plan (small state plan) called for a unicameral legislature and each state has equal representation. The Great Comprrmise slavery is dominate in southern states. They wanted slaves to be counted in population. They are already divisions between north and south. Bicameral legislature. House and Senate. Not directly elected senators at this time. 3/5th compromise. Only 3/5th of the slaves were counted in representation. After 20 years, congress will vote to end the slave trade. They have come to an agreement. At least 9 of the 13 states must ratify this constitution.
Concerns
QuickTimeª and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.
The Federalists Battle ground is new york state. Three men write the federalist papers. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay. 85 essays published in NY newspapers persuading people to support the constitution.
Preconstitution Antifederalists came up with their own reason why they should vote against it. Ratification by 1788, they have enough federal gov is too stong want list of individual rights they want a bill of rights. March 1789 the new country begins.
• • • •
The Government in 1789 10.18.05 Washington is chosen as president John Adamns is VP Sec of state Thomas Jefferson Sec of treasury Alexander Hamilton
Debate over how to address the president: An ordinary citizen. Not royalty. When you take office you become mr president. Washington Small Federal Government. Many Americans didn’t want political parties. And tried their best, however Hamilton proposes ideas that cause disagreement and forms the federalists. **Alexander Hamilton** Background Born out of wedlock on a small island in the Caribbean (around 1755), grows up extremely poor. When he was 13, he and his mother both get extremely sick. His mother died, but he was able to overcome the disease. He lives with relatives and as he is growing up, he realizes he has good skills in business management. at 17, he moves to New York QuickTimeª and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor and he lives with relatives who send him to King’s College are needed to see this picture. and gets to see how much intellect he has. Revolutionary starts and he becomes an avid Patriot and he starts writing pamphlets supporting the Patriot cause. He decides to join the Continental Army and very quickly becomes an aid to George Washington (177677, 21 years old). He idolizes Washington and sees him as a father figure. He runs for election in the Continental Congress and becomes a member during the writing of the articles of confederation. Knowing Washington really helps him out. He is very
ambitious and really wants to advance in the world. Although he is a prominent man, with much intelligence, he does not have very many friends Policies Report on public credit issued in 1790, first report. Hamiltons idea on how the national debt should be managed. He says a debt is not nessisarily bad, as long as it is managed properly. Having this debt will allow taxation, which will tie them closely to the government. Help the wealthy, so they are friendly. Job opportunites. Old bonds can be traded for new bonds that have more interest. Hamiltons idea of assumption of state debts. Popular with most states, but not South Carolina because they have no debt. So he begins working with Jefferson and Madison to get southern congressmen on with his plan. Because of compromise, the plan is accepted. Report on manufactures Hamilton is calling for high protective tariffs. He wants to protect the U.S. industry. He wants the U.S. to become more of an industrial power which these high tariffs will do. He wants to bring immigrants to the country so they can see the job openings in the United States. He feels that this is a very big strength of the United States. He wants a lot of Americans involved in agriculture and a lot in industry so it will be a good balance. This will help with the growth of new cities and a better market for our agricultural goods. These tariffs are passed, but not as high as he would have hoped. Report on National Bank Most controversial. He calls for the creation of a National Bank of the U.S. This would be QuickTimeª and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor where the United States would put its are needed to see this picture. money. This bank would issue paper currency. It would issue one uniform currency. It would be backed from all the private assets and all the governments’ The First National Bank of the United States, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania money. It would be centered in Philadelphia with other smaller branches. Money could be transferred from these states and it would just be transferred on paper that says what needs to be transferred. It creates a lot of disagreement within the American government. James Madison goes against it because it’s not in the Constitution, and many others follow him. Article 1: Section 8 (Necessary and Proper), Congress is authorized to make all laws that are necessary and proper. Jefferson believes that if the constitutions doenst specify that you can do something, then you cant. Hamilton says if the Constitution doesn’t say you can’t, then you can.
Whiskey Tax tax proposed by Alexander Hamilton. It is a revenue tax just on whiskey. He wants to do this mainly to assert the governments’ power to tax individual citizens. He thinks this would be the best way to create respect for the national government. This was very upsetting to the people because whiskey was very popular.
QuickTimeª and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.
Sarah is the nicest person ever for letting me use her notes. I appreciate it.