1 Organizational Behavior In The 1990s.docx

Republic of the Philippines

Laguna State Polytechnic University San Pablo City Campus Brgy. Del Remedio, San Pablo City _____________________________________________________________________________

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION GRADUATE STUDIES ANG APPLIED RESEARCH

Course Code:

EM 208

Course Title:

HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN ORGANIZATION

Topic:

Introduction to Human Behaviour in Organization

Subtopic:

Organizational Behaviour in the 1990’s

Name:

CHONA M. ZACARIAS

Professor:

DR. ELSA CALLO

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR DEFINED 

"the study of human behaviour in organizational settings, the interface between human behaviour and the organization, and the organization itself"1

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actions and attitudes of individuals and groups toward one another and toward the organization as a whole, and its effect on the organization's functioning and performance2

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the study of both group and individual performance and activity within an organization3

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studies organizations from multiple viewpoints, including behaviour within the organization and in relation to other organization4

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is a term related to the study of individual and group dynamics in an organizational setting, as well as the nature of the organizations themselves. Whenever people interact in organizations, many factors come into play5

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field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behaviour within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization's effectiveness.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_behavior http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/organizational-behavior.html 3 http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-organizational-behavior-definition-and-history-of-the-field.html 4 https://www.boundless.com/management/textbooks/boundless-management-textbook/organizational-theory3/why-study-organizational-theory-28/what-is-organizational-behavior-162-3925/ 5 http://www.unesco.org/education/aladin/paldin/pdf/course02/unit_14.pdf 2

Contributing Disciplines 

Psychology: The Science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behaviour of humans and other animals.

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Sociology: The study of people in relation to their fellow human beings.

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Social Psychology: An area within psychology that blends concepts from psychology and sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on one another.

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Anthropology: The study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities.

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Political Science: The study of the behaviour of individuals and groups within a political environment.6 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR IN THE 1990s Scientific Management

Frederick Taylor. An engineer by training, Taylor felt that applying scientific principles to human behavior was a practical and efficient way to maximize firm performance. Just as machines could be designed to optimally perform a certain task, he reasoned, so too could people be taught the ideal way to perform their specific jobs. Uncovering those “ideal ways” required a systematic analysis. The idea was to observe people doing actual work, discover the “human problems” preventing better performance, and then minimize them by training employees to do things correctly. Taylor conducted many experiments that tested whether worker movements, action sequences, physical positions, and job locations would raise or lower production. Taylor was willing to do whatever was necessary to organize people in ways that would optimize their output. That usually meant designing very narrow and specific jobs. The role of management was to ensure that employees had the right skills and to insist that they follow correct procedures when performing tasks.7 Human Relations Approach Elton Mayo and others called the Human Relations Approach. Mayo felt that the best way to improve production was to respect workers and show concern for their needs. 6

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 9th edition by Stephen P. Robbins San Diego State University Prentice Hall International, Inc. 7 Kanigel, R. (1997). The one best way: Frederick Winslow Taylor and the enigma of efficiency. New York: Viking.

Hawthorne Effect Employees felt that someone cared enough about them to investigate their working conditions and that attention boosted morale and improved employee productivity. Contingency Approach Contingency Approach holds sway over thinking about organizational behavior. This perspective argues that there’s no single best way to manage behavior. What works in any given context depends on the complex interplay between a variety of personal and situational factors. 8

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ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR 9th edition by Stephen P. Robbins San Diego State University Prentice Hall International, Inc.