1-laporan Kemajuan Batur.docx

Progress Report of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark for the year 2012-2016

PROGRESS REPORT FOR THE YEAR 2012-2016 OF

BATUR UNESCO GLOBAL GEOPARK, BALI, INDONESIA

1. Synopsis of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark (BUGG)

Batur Aspiring Geopark accepted as a member of Global Geopark Network (GGN) supported by UNESCO on September 20, 2012 at Portugal (Auroca Global Geopark), with the name Batur Global Geopark (Fig. 1). On November 18, 2015, then officially renamed to be “Batur UNESCO Global Geopark Batur” (BUGG; Fig. 2).

Fig. 1. Batur Global Geopark sertificate

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Progress Report of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark for the year 2012-2016

Fig. 2. Batur UNESCO Global Geopark

Located in northern part of Bali, Indonesia (Fig. 3), Batur active volcano with its double-calderas has a very beautiful landscape phenomenon. In the past, tens of thousands years ago, a huge strato-type volcano grew as high as about 3,000 m asl.

Fig. 3. Location of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark.

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Progress Report of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark for the year 2012-2016

The construction phase is then followed by a destructive phase, in the form of a great explosion (catastrophe) which produced the first caldera (called “outercaldera”) about 29,300 years ago. Pyroclastic flows accompanying the eruption that having a temperature of 600-800 Celsius degrees reach Denpassar town which is located about 90 km south of Batur.

The next construction phase creating a second Batur volcano and several cones that grew in the bottom of caldera depression. One of them is Mt. Abang (2,172 m), which located on southeast edge of outer-caldera rim.

Approximately 20,150 years ago Batur volcano erupted again, resulting ignimbrites in considerable amounts. Eruption that destroyed volcanic cone produced the second caldera (“inner-caldera”).

Constructive phase afterwards, around 5,500 years ago, produced a recent Batur strato-volcano with several active craters around the summit, cinder cone in the middle slope, and maar on the lower slopes. Crescent-shaped depression on caldera base at southeast of Batur cone then subsequently filled by rainwater, forming Batur Lake. This caldera lake has a length of 7 km, width 1.5 km, maximum depth of 100 m, and located at an altitude of 1,031 m asl.

A written papers about eruptions of Batur was reported in 1804. Generally, 1-5 years eruption period is strombolian-type. From three craters of Batur and fissures in slope of volcano (flank eruption) issued lava flows in significant amount. Lava flows during August 2 and September 21, 1926 hit Batur Village at the base of caldera. About 2,000 people fled to safety, to the high altitude of outer-caldera wall. After a quiet period between the years 1926-1963, lava flow in considerable amounts generated from Crater-III and covered the southwest slopes of Batur. Lava flows are also destroyed and covered most of older cinder cones and maar. Lavas is mostly basaltic, and containing 51-53 percent of silica.

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Progress Report of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark for the year 2012-2016

Landscape of double-calderas, active volcanic cones, lake, lava flows, cinder cones and maar is a unified volcanic morphology that became a history of the dynamics of volcanism phenomenon over tens of thousands years ago to present time. Batur active volcano has a unique phenomenon, viz. "caldera in caldera" that is rarely found elsewhere (Fig. 4).

Fig. 4. Panoramic view of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark.

As a tool to develop area in a sustainable manner, the UNESCO Global Geopark Batur mix and match among components of geology, biology and culture for the purpose of conservation, education, growth of local economic value and sustainable development. An area of 366.5 kilometer square is inhabited by about 16 625 people, spread over 15 traditional villages (Fig. 5).

Twenty one geological heritage sites (geosite) accommodated in BUGG, both geological sites (rocks, stratigraphy) and geomorphological sites (caldera-walls, craters, lake, cinder cones, maar, volcanic-landslide: Fig. 6). When the weather is good, everything can be seen clearly from Panelokan view-point located at an elevation of outer-caldera wall. To be more effective, geosites will be grouped according to applicable terminology, that is after the first revalidation completed on 2016.

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Progress Report of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark for the year 2012-2016

Fig. 5. Map of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark.

Fig. 6. Twenty one geosites within the Batur UNESCO Global Geopark.

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Progress Report of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark for the year 2012-2016

Sites of biology (bio-sites) and culture (cultural-sites) dispersed in BUGG, especially in areas of Payang Hill and Batur Lake Natural Park and in Subak Cultural Landscape which in July 2012 has been designated by UNESCO into Cultural World Heritage site.

The relationship between geo-sites, bio-sites and cultural-sites are very closely when the Bali Hindu people (including community in BUGG) uphold their principles of life "Tri Hita Karana." Basically, this principle is to respect nature and environment that has been conferred by God, by applying the "three human relations" which is between man and God, man and nature, and man to man.

Development of Batur Geopark since become a National Geopark in 2010, then assigned as Global Geopark in 2012, until now has experienced significant improvement. Advancements can be seen from the growing of local economy value via tourism, as well as education through “Geopark to School” and “School to Geopark” programs, and conservation aspects.

Regarding education in Geopark, the Regent of Bangli ordered the integration of Geopark concept within schools curriculum in Bangli Regency (Regent Decree No. 19/2013). In fact, education is not only for students but also involves the local community who live near geosites.

BUGG activities carried out by Management, consisting of 7 persons (as coordinator) and established through a Decree of Bangli Regent. The Regent acts as the person in charge, while manager of Geopark accountable to the Coordination Committee which is chaired by Secretary of Bangli Regency.

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Progress Report of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark for the year 2012-2016

2. Contribution Towards the Work of Network

During period of 2012-2015, BUGG Manager is always present at the GGN conference, both held in Europe and in Asia-Pacific. As an active participant in the conference, Geopark Manager explained papers at the presentation session. Various kinds of constraints encountered by BUGG discussed with the conference participants, so that BUGG Manager gained input and advice from other Global Geopark Managers who are members of GGN. Input and new ideas gained is form the basis for BUGG Manager for planning improvements in all aspects (conservation, education, tourism, sustainable development). BUGG Manager was greatly helped by the activities carried out by GGN.

During conference activities undertaken by the network running, the BUGG Manager also conduct assessments of the possibility of cooperation with other members of the Global Geopark in the form of "Sister Geopark". BUGG had a wish to cooperate with Global Geoparks of Toya-Uzu (Japan), Jeju (Korea), as well as Langkawi (Malaysia) and also Global Geoparks in Europe. Relationship creation among GGN members will immediately be done by BUGG.

In 2013, Prof. Tatsuya Nakada visit to BUGG in order to explore the possibility of "Sister Geopark" establishment between Global Geoparks in Japan (which also was pioneered in cooperation with members of GGN) and BUGG. Relating to BUGG’s participation in common activities within the network, in 2012 ever done "Geopark Clinic" for National Geoparks and aspiring National Geoparks in Indonesia. Present as guest lectures at this event were Prof. Patrick McKeever, Prof. Guy Martini, Prof. Ibrahim Komoo, and Prof. Shafeea Leman. As a note, series of Geopark Clinic organized by the Indonesian National Committee for Geopark until 2015 always attended by the BUGG Manager.

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Progress Report of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark for the year 2012-2016

Still in the implementation of Geopark Clinic program in Indonesia, on November 17-19, 2015 Batur Geopark Management in cooperation with Geological Agency, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources invited the coordinator of Asia-Pacific Geoparks NetworkProf. Ibrahim Komooto simulate a revalidation (revalidation mock). The purpose of this simulation is to assess the readiness of Batur Geopark facing its first revalidation in 2016.

And accordance with obligations as outlined by the GGN, BUGG Manager since 2013 always pays an annual fee of 1000 USD/year. Contribution in 2015 (1000 Euro), although was slightly delayed due to financial administration problems, has already payed on December 20, 2015.

3.

Management Structure and Financial Status

3.1. Management structure

BUGG Manager is determined based on a decree issued by the Regent of Bangli. As a National Geopark its activity carried out by 43 personnels (Decree of Bangli Regent number 660/124/2011 dated July 27, 2011 on the establishment of the Batur Geopark management; Appendix 1).

Outline of Decree of Bangli Regent number 660/124/2011 According to this decision, the manager of Batur Geopark consists of Regent (person in charge), Advisory Board, and Technical Committee (Coordinating Committee, Scientific Committee, Development Committee, Promotion Committee, Conservation Committee). Number of Geopark management is 43 person.

Before assigned as Global Geopark in 2012 occurred personnel replacement, included the involving of 12 traditional villages represented by the village heads

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Progress Report of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark for the year 2012-2016

(Decree of Bangli Regent number 660/200/2012 on September 4, 2012 concerning the second amendment of Bangli Regent Decision number 660/124/2011 on the establishment of the Batur Geopark management; Appendix 2).

Outline of Decree of Bangli Regent number 660/200/2012 Based on the Regent's decision, the manager of Batur Geopark refreshed to include elements of activities supporting who consisting of 12 heads of villages, either administrative or traditional. Number of Geopark management is 44 persons.

Personnel replacement is more technical, which refers to the capability. Duties and functions of the governing body of Batur Global Geopark is:

1. Regent, on behalf of the regency government of Bangli acting as the initiator 2. Advisory Board has task to help and advise with regard to the overall development of Geopark 3. Coordination Committee has task of and responsible for coordinating all activities in Geopark area 4. Scientific Committees has duty and responsible for coordinating all scientific activities in area of Geopark 5. Development Committee has task of and responsible for the Geopark development in the future 6. Promotion Committee has task of promoting Geopark at local, regional, national and international levels 7. Conservation Committee has task of and responsible in the field of conservation and preservation of natural resources within the Geopark area

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Progress Report of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark for the year 2012-2016

All expenses arising from the implementation of this decision charged to the budget revenue and expenditure of the Bangli Regency.

Permanent geoscientist was appointed in 2013, and no change until now (2015: Decree of Bangli Regent number …………, Appendix 3). Outline of Decree of Bangli Regent number …………,

Ministry of Tourism, via Destination Management Organization (DMO) program formed a Local Working Group (LWG) in five regions in BUGG area (called clusters of: Abang-Erawang, Manuk Jambe Tarumenyan, Muncar Ulun Danu, Batur Kalang Anyar, Singa Mandawa). By Regent of Bangli the five LWGs then functionalized as janitor and guard for geosites (Regent Decree No. 430.05/38/ 2015. The geosite janitors can be categorized as "Ranger by Contract," and contract is renewed every a year.

Permanent Ranger also carried out independently by the Forest Service in area of Payang Hill and Batur Lake Natural Tourism Park (PHBLNTP), where this area also includes most of BUGG region. By the Bangli Regent, they were also asked to keep geosites located in PHBLNTP. Heads of 12 traditional villages are also prepared as Permanent Geopark Ranger.

Revitalization of the rangers, in cooperation with local police and military, needed to secure geosites (primarily geological heritage sites of lava flows) of rocks-quarrying activities conducted by individuals or groups of people. These activities are illegal.

3.2. Financial status

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Progress Report of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark for the year 2012-2016

Relating to the financial status since Batur designated as a Global Geopark (2012) continues to increase. BUGG income earned through tourism activities (entry fees to BUGG area) that is multiplayer effect. In 2013 BUGG income 12% over the previous year (2012). The increase in 2014 was at 6.09%. For 2015, calculated between January to November, there is an increase of 8.25%.

The above numbers is only reflect income earned through entry fees to BUGG area. Income received by managers of service provider such as hotel/ homestay, restaurant and selling of handicrafts (as multiplayer effect of tourism) are being collected to be compiled.

To increase the BUGG income, the manager of Geopark continues working through innovation for diversity of geoproducts (wooden and bamboo crafts, painting; includes building a partnerships with community group of coffee and oranges

agrotourism

as

well

as

increased

and

additional

Geopark

infrastructures. For infrastructures development, there is cooperation between BUGG Manager and Geological Agency, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, in the form of utilization of Batur Geopark Museum as an information center as well as an Geopark objects and attractions).

3.3. Resume management structure dan financial status

1. There is BUGG management structure changes from that defined by the Regent of Bangli in 2011 and then refined in 2012. Legal status of the BUGG management structure assigned by Regent Decision. 2. BUGG financial status continued to rise, which temporarily still using income data from entry fees and not yet integrates with another incomes of hotel/homestay and local crafts services.

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Progress Report of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark for the year 2012-2016

3. There is a policy changes related to illegal rocks-quarrying, simultaneously with letter issuance to stop quarrying by the Governor of Bali (letter No. 604.1/1526/ESDM-DPU dated January 27, 2014), and followed up by circular of the Bangli Regent regarding the same thing (letter No. 545/736/SDA dated July 17, 2014). 4. The establishment of partnerships with community group of Giri Alam engaged in coffee and oranges agrotourism in order to empower local community and improvement of financial stability. 5. Development of Kintamani Handicraft Market in order to increase BUGG income through various geoproducts.

4. Conservation (Geoconservation) Strategy Pressure on physical (and biophysical) environment in BUGG area that disturbing conservation/geoconservation is illegal rocks-quarrying issue carried out by individuals or groups of people. Rocks (lava) excavated from the place which is defined as conserved geosites.

Request for termination of illegal rocks-quarrying activities through letters from Governor of Bali and Regent of Bangli in 2014 needs to be implemented in practice.

Wise strategy to stop this extractive activity is to gradually reduce the quarrying activities, before eventually stopping at all. Socialization needs to be more frequent, so illegal rocks-quarrying activities that are likely to have experienced a reduction from year to year becomes more significant.

Water quality monitoring in Batur Lake held since August 2014 until now. Monitoring activity includes 4 places around lake, viz. Kedisan Village, Trunyan

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Progress Report of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark for the year 2012-2016

Village, Songan B Village, and small harbour at Kedisan. The used parameters are physical properties (colour, smell, oil film), temperature, conductivity, turbidity, TDS, salinity, pH, and metal contains (aluminium, iron, manganese; including nitrite, ammonia, chlorine, carbonate, sulphate, chloride and phospate).

5. Strategic Partnership

At local and national levels, BUGG Manager has already made partnership with various

government

agencies

(geology,

tourism,

biodiversity/forest

conservation), universities (research), as well as local community groups and co-operatives in the field of tourism/agrotourism.

Five clusters of Local Working Group, which was initiated by the Ministry of Tourism located in BUGG area also empowered to be guard agents for preservation of geosites located around their residence. Local cooperative formed by community groups have been working with BUGG Manager in terms of providing boat services to tourist on Batur Lake. Similarly with Giri Alam community group that specialize in coffee and oranges agriculture using non-chemical fertilizers. Organic farming activity is cooperated in the implementation of community-based agrotourism program.

Batur Geopark Museum owned by Geological Agency, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources optimized by BUGG Manager to become information center as well as an objects and tourist attraction of Geopark. As an institution working in the field of geology, Geological Agency also conducts scientific studies related to Batur volcanism phenomenon. Results of the study were subsequently submitted to BUGG Manager and compiled into geodiversity and geoheritage database.

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Progress Report of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark for the year 2012-2016

Tourism College in Denpasar (Bali) conducts tourism and community studies, and the resulting research provided to BUGG Managers to sharpen Geopark programs so the achievement of BUGG goals and targets increasing every year. Research collaboration also conducted with Bandung Technology Institute (ITB), especially for water quality monitoring of Batur Lake.

Natural Resources Conservation Agency (NRCA) of Bali, through the Regional Technical Implementation Unit in Bangli, managing the Natural Tourism Park of Payang Hill and Batur Lake which is also located in BUGG area. This agency that structurally under the Ministry of Environment and Forestry has a task to conserve nature (biodiversity) in an area of 2,075 hectares since 1982. Cooperation in the field of conservation has been done by the Manager of BUGG with NRCA.

In 2012, two or three months before Batur assigned as Global Geopark, part of BUGG area overlays with the northern region of Subak Cultural World Heritage defined by UNESCO. BUGG Maneger is planning a memorandum of agreement with the managers of Subak World Heritage formally. And determination Cultural World Heritage by UNESCO for Subak landscape significantly strengthened the conservation function of BUGG. And up to now, even without the MoU, there is no conflict of interest between BUGG and UNESCO World Heritage.

Cooperation with Gunung Sewu UNESCO Global Geopark in terms of knowledge transfer in the field of Geopark, geological heritage sites, and education managements has been done 2-3 years ago when Gunung Sewu still a National Geopark. Cooperation was also constructed with Toba National Geopark, particularly in terms of geovolcanology.

BUGG Manager is also planning an international partnership, either with UNESCO Global Geopark in Europe and Asia-Pacific, IUGS, IUCN and other

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Progress Report of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark for the year 2012-2016

strategic partners in order to achieve the goals and objectives of BUGG more significantly.

6.

Marketing and Promotional Activities After the Official Designation As a Member of the Global Geopark Network

6.1. Activity

In the context of the promotion and marketing after determination as an UNESCO Global Geopark there is various activities has been conducted. Introduction to BUGG in the framework of marketing and promotion has been carried out through participation in conferences (national, international organized by GGN), national seminar, "National Geopark Clinics" series and so on, including national cultural events or festivals.

Education and socialization programs in the form of "Geopark to School" (BUGG Manager disseminates the matters relating to education at schools within the Geopark area) and "School to Geopark" (students visiting geology/ biology/cultural heritage sites in the area of BUGG in the context of learning about nature and growth their pride against the wealth of natural resources in environment where they live) has been running well. BUGG Manager continues to increase the frequency of these activities annually. Education and socialisation activities also addressed to local communities.

Marketing and promotion activities are also realized in the form of leaflets and CDs. BUGG Manager makes innovative promotion and marketing through radio telecomunication carried out by the Amateur Radio Organization of Republic Indonesia (ORARI) of Bangli that works at frequency of 14.527 MHz.

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Progress Report of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark for the year 2012-2016

Since 2012, Geopark website (www.baturglobalgeopark.com) has also become a means of promotion and marketing of BUGG. Another attempt for similar purposes by the management in 2015 is creation of Hymne and Dance of Batur Geopark.

6.2. Publications

Even the number of publications has not been sufficient, some published publications can be used as promotion and marketing materials. Materials encompasses papers presented at the Conference of GGN, leaflets, guide books, and movies on CDs. BUGG Manager will continue to increase the number and variety of topics of publication.

Two papers on GGN Conferences 1. I Wayan KASTAWAN, Akhyaruddin, I Made GIANYAR & Hanang SAMODRA,

September 2013, Local community empowerment for

sustainable geotourism development in the Batur Global Geopark, Bali, Indonesia. Presented on 3th Asia-Pacific Geoparks Jeju Symposium, September 9-11, 2013 at Jeju, Republic of Korea; in English language. 2. I Wayan KASTAWAN, Akhyaruddin, I Made GIANYAR & Hanang SAMODRA,

September

2015,

Local

community

empowerment

for

sustainable geotourism development in the Batur Global Geopark, Bali, Indonesia. Presented on 6th International UNESCO Conference on Global Geoparks, September 19-22, 2014 at Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada; in English language. Two books 1. Hanang SAMODRA & Achyaruddin, Agustus 2012, Data Package of Batur Geopark. Bilingual (Indonesian and English).

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Progress Report of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark for the year 2012-2016

2. Igan S. SUTAWIDJAJA, Oman ABDURAHMAN & Atep KURNIA, 2014, Batur Global Geopark, Indonesia. Bilingual (Indonesian and English). DVD Batur Geopark, film by the Geological Agency for BUGG. Bilingual (Indonesian and English). BUGG’s leaflet Information about geological, biological and cultural heritage sites within the BUGG area, and still use Indonesian language.

6.3. Infrastructures

Batur Geopark Museum in Kintamani built by the Geological Agency of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources in 2015. The museum also functioned as an information center and a BUGG Secretariat Office. Other Geopark infrastructures are information kiosks, information panels at each geosite, and geotrail. The most interest geotrail by Geopark visitors is hiking and walking to the summit of Batur, which is managed by the Batur Climbing Guides Association (BCGA). Manager of BCGA is local communities who live around Batur volcano.

6.4. Monitoring

For the evaluation and improvement of quality of interpretation materials and the growth of public awareness programs, BUGG Manager conducts a study to Geopark visitors, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Data and information collected is used as an evaluation for further development of BUGG.

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Progress Report of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark for the year 2012-2016

Monitoring activities carried out mainly by BCGA, where nearly 90% of visitors who climb Batur volcano are satisfied.

7. Sustainable Economic Development

From various aspect of regional economy, development of tourism, resulting product, and employment, the presence of BUGG gives a positive impact on local economic development in a sustainable manner. Vegetables and fruits agricultures such as coffee, oranges, onions, chili, tomatoes and cabbage in BUGG area gives a positive impact for regional economies. Local people who became producers sell directly to consumers, and the money earned is used alone to meet the needs of their daily living. Similarly, the Bali cattle farms. Meanwhile, tourism in Natural Tourism Park of Payang Hill and Batur Lake is managed by the Natural Resources Conservation Agency.

Multiplier effect generated by tourism activity in BUGG area is significant. Restaurant were built in several places in outer-caldera wall height. Visitors can enjoy some typical local foods and drinks while enjoying the beautiful panorama of BUGG and its surroundings. Along with the increase of tourist visits to BUGG, rental services for 4-wheel and 2-wheel vehicles and mountain-bike also increases.

Diversity of local products such as handicrafts of bamboo woven, wood sculpture, painting, local foods and drinks of Geopark region is a positive impact of the development of BUGG.

In terms of employment, construction of BUGG triggering labor demand to work in restaurant, hotel/homestay, or as a tour guides. Worker are partly permanent, while others work on a temporary basis.

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Progress Report of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark for the year 2012-2016

8. Challenges Remained and Future Work Plan

With the growing recognition of BUGG by tourists who visiting Bali, where previously they only know Kintamani as a place to enjoy the panorama of Batur volcano, then this state an opportunity to prepare a work plan for the future. A work plan includes:

1. To improve boundary of BUGG area that becomes the responsibility of management with regard new potential of geology, biology and cultural heritage sites, which are likely to be a means of local economic growth via sustainable tourism.

2. Re-grouping and re-delineating the existing geological heritage sites (geosite) based on aspects of rocks/stratigraphic (geological sites) and landscapes (gemorphological sites). In geological sites of course there is evidence to support the geological history during the particular geological period (geo-evidences) and micro-morphology formed by certain geological processes (geo-features).

3. To enrich natural/biological (flora, fauna) and cultural (tangible, intangible) heritage sites, hereinafter designated as bio-site and cultural-sites, as well as identification their links with geological heritage sites.

4. The efforts mentioned earlier followed up with the creation of new interpretation panels are installed at each location of geosite/geoevidences/geo-features, geomorphological sites, bio-site and cultural-site.

5. Sharpening the education programs in BUGG area through diversification of dissemination methods to students and local community.

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Progress Report of Batur UNESCO Global Geopark for the year 2012-2016

6. To realize cooperation and partnership programs with other UNESCO Global Geoparks in order to knowledge-transfer and experience-sharing.

7. To increase conservation efforts by minimize the illegal rocks-quarrying before this extractive activities can be eliminated.

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