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ORISSA Capital of Orissa: Bhubaneshwar Travel Attraction: Golden Triangles (Bhubaneshwar, Puri, and Konark) Language Spoken: Oriya Perpetually washed by the blue waters of the Bay of Bengal, Orissa lies on the East Coast of India with a 482-km-long coastal stretch. West Bengal and Bihar bound it on the north, Andhra Pradesh on the south, the Bay of Bengal on the east and Madhya Pradesh on the west. The state's history is divisible into the same four periods in which Indian history is usually analyzed, i.e., the Hindu period, the Muslim period, the British period and the post-Independence period. Orissa's main attractions are the temples of the capital Bhubaneswar, - the long sandy beach at Puri, the Sun Temple at Konark and Simlipal and nandankanan Sanctuaries of Cuttack. The renowned Jagannatha Temple dominates the landscape at Puri, as does the Lingaraja Temple of Bhubanwswar. 10 kms west of Bhubaneshwar are the Udayagiri Caves, which were occupied by the Buddhist monks as early as the 2nd century BC. History of Orissa: It's hazy past is linked to the fortunes of Kalinga of which it was once a part. Ashoka's carnage of Kalinga made the emperor foreswore war and till 2nd century AD, Buddhism and Jainism alternately held sway in Orissa. Fast forward to 1514: the time of the European arrival here. After the British conquest in 1804, Orissa was divided into three districts: Cuttack, Puri and Balasore. After independence, Orissa became a state of India in 1950. Capital of Orissa: Bhubanseswar, the capital of Orissa, famous as a temple town and a handicraft center, has, over the last decade, become an upcoming business center. While the city itself boats of no giant industrial plants, showcased in its main bazaars are craftwork, such as the traditional tie and dye technique of Kat that dates back over several thousand years. Handicrafts of Orissa: Shopping in Orissa is a joy. You don't look there for what the modern industry can give you, but for unique and exquisite handicrafts, made by those fingers whose forerunners had with such dexterity and skill created the magnificent Orissa Temples. The handicrafts of Orissa include Silver Filigree, horn work, folk paintings (pattachitra), metalware, applique work, stoneware, silk and cotton handloom etc. Culture in Orissa: Another expression of Oriyan culture is Odissi, one of the finest forms of Indian classical dance. Evolved out of spiritual consciousness, it formed an essential part of the ritualistic services in the important shrines of Orissa. Devotional in spirit, it is marked for its elaborate grace and lyrical charm, revealed through rounded movements. Orissa also has a rich body of literature with Sitakant Mahapatra being one of the major voices in contemporary Oriya poetry Festivals of Orissa: Makar Sankranti in January; Magha Mela and Konark dance Festival in February; Maha Shivratri and Holi in March; Basant Panchami in February / March; Chaitra Parba or Chhow Festival in April; Rath Yatra or the Car Festival of Puri and Raja Sankranti in June / July; Durga Puja in September / October; Kartika and Kumar Purnima in October-November; Lakshmi Puja in December -January. CLIMATE OF ORISSA: Temperature (deg C): Summer Max.38, Min.27.1 Winter Max.28.2, Min.15.2. Rainfall: Mid June-September 60 inches (152 cms). Best season: October to March

Population in Orissa:

35 million

ANGUL Location: 160-km from Bhubaneswar, Orissa Also known As: Satkosia Main Attraction: Crocodiles Best Time To Visit: October to March Angul is a newly created district since 1st April 1993 after reorganization of the districts of Orissa. Clothed with lush green forests, the district is rich in varieties of wildlife. The River Mahanadi passes through this district forming a 22-km long narrow gorge, one of the mightiest gorges in India. Popularly known as 'Satkosia', it is an ideal habitat for varieties of crocodiles. The phenomenon of boulders in Talcher area is unique in India and has puzzled the geologists for centuries. Recently, it has come to limelight with the establishment of National Aluminium Company Ltd. (NALCO), the largest in Asia. As an important road junction, Angul serves the ideal base for visiting the places of interest in its neighborhood. At present the location advantage and abundant stock of manpower and raw materials play an important role in the industrial development of the district. A visit to the district will be a rewarding experience. Bhimakand: It is a small village about 30-km north of Talcher town and 50-km from Angul on the Right Bank of the river Brahmani. There on huge sand rock one could find a massive image of Vishnu in sleeping posture. In spite of hugeness, the image contains a natural softness in execution. The period of its execution is believed to be 8th - 9th Century AD This sleeping image of Vishnu at Bhimakand is second only to Gomateswar (Karnatak) in size, but it has the honour of being the largest sleeping image in India. Deulajhari: Situated amidst a bowl of green near Athamallik, Deulajhari is famous for the presence of a hot spring. The hot spring seems to flow from the bottom (pedestal) of a 'Shiva Lingam'. The water is naturally channelised to 36 ponds on the outskirts of the Shiva Temple. Believed to contain medicinal properties, a bath in the spring has religious importance too. 90-km from Angul, regular bus services are available from Angul, Dhenkanal, Talcher, Cuttack and Bhubaneswar to Athamallik and the rest 3-km is negotiable on foot or jeep. Banarpal: On the junction of National Highway 23 and National Highway 42, Banarpal, only 10-km from Angul is a convenient base for highway tourists. A wayside amenity center, 'Panthika' of State Tourism Department is nearing completion to provide accommodation and other ancillary facilities to the tourists. Rengali: River Brahmani shelters a dam and reservoir with a Hydroelectric Project at Rengali amidst picturesque environs. Situated 85-km from Angul, it is a nice place for group picnic. Samal: 40-km from Angul and 20-km from Talchar, Samal has carved out a niche for itself in the grand hall of Orissa tourism for the establishment of a Hydroelectric Project. The panoramic view with deep solitude is a panacea to the group picnickers. Khuludi: The Malayagiri range of Pallahara subdivision in Angul district houses a glittering waterfall near the village Khuludi. The fall making a spectacular jump from the hilltop pays homage to Lord Shiva on the foothill. An ideal site for group picnic, it is 120km from Angul and 20-km from Pallahara. HOW TO GET THERE Air: The nearest airport for approaching the places of interest in the district of Angul is at Bhubaneswar (160-km), which is connected with New Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, Mumbai, Vishakhapatnam, Hyderabad and Nagpur by Boeing flights. Rail: Angul is a railhead on SE Railway.

Road: Situated on NH 42 at a distance of 160-km from Bhubaneswar, the place is an important road junction of the State connected by regular bus services from Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, Dhenkanal, Talcher, Sambalpur, Sundargarh, Rourkela, Raipur, Durgapur and other important places of the State and sister States. SHOPPING: Cottage industry plays an important role in the rural economy of Angul district. Besides handloom, the other important cottage industries are carpentry, brass and bell metal works, shoe making, etc. Transport: Taxis and Auto rickshaws are available on hire at Angul for visiting the places of attraction and excursion. Nearby Cities Dhenkanal: 120-km Tikarpada: 58-km Bhubaneswar: 160-km Badakera: 14-km Talcher: 20-km Bhimakand: 50-km Deulajhari: 90-km Banarpal: 10-km Rengali: 85-km Samal: 40-km Khuludi: 120-km

BALANGIR Location: 327-km from Bhubaneswar, Orissa Famous As: One of the major commercial towns in the state Places of Interest: Ranipur-Jharial, Harishankar, Patnagarh, and Sonepur & Saintala Best Time To Visit: October to June A well-laid out town from the time of the Maharajas, Balangir still possesses the charm and serenity of the old day’s fashion. It is one of the major commercial towns in the western part of Orissa. Ranipur – Jharial: Situated 104-km from Balangir, Ranipur- Jharial houses one among the four existing Hypaethral temples, dedicated to the 64 Yoginis in India- a wonder in the world of archaeology and a cluster of other temples. Harishankar: On the southern slope of Gandhamardan Hills, Harishankar, 81-km from Balangir is a place of Pilgrimage and rare scenic beauty with gurgling waterfalls. The foaming waters sparkle vibrantly, acting as a delightful contrast to the unmelting hardness of the granite bed, from which it cascades through the sun-dappled jungle. Patnagarh: The ancient capital of the kingdom of Patna, Patnagarh has some unique monuments 38-km from Balangir. Sonepur: On the confluence of rivers Mahanadi and Tel, known as Paschima Lanka in scriptures, Sonepur is a nicely laid out town. Located 48-km from Balangir, it has a cluster of temples, each having a story of its own. In the whole temple complex, the shrine of Suvarnameru Lingam holds precedence over all. The Nrusinghanath temple is the highest, at a height of 24.38m. Another temple of interest for visitors is the doorless temple of Gnyanadei Maluni, with slightly 'Tantric' overtones, which indicates that Tantrism flourished in this region for sometime. There are numerous villages around Sonepur where scores of weavers work on no less than 23,000 looms to produce exquisite textiles. Saintala: Saintala is a small village situated in Balangir district in Titlagarh sub-division at a distance of 32-km south of Balangir-Titlagarh road. Popularly known for its remains ancient temples, the main site of archeological interest is the temple of Chandeshwari Thakurani, now in its ruins. The site apparently belongs to the early 'Somvansi' period. HOW TO GET THERE Air: The nearest airport is situated at Bhubaneswar. Rail: Balangir is a railhead on the S.E.Railway. Nearby Cities Ranipur - Jharial: 104-km Harishankar: 81-km Patnagarh: 38-km Sonepur: 48-km

BALASORE Location: 16-km from Chandipur, Orissa Main Attraction: Temple of Mahadev Baneswar Places of Interest: Chandipur, Panchalingeswar, Chandaneswar, and Talasari Best Time To Visit: October to June Balasore, the headquarters of the district, was an important maritime town in medieval times through the river Budhabalanga. The French and the Dutch, who were named as “Farasidinga” and “Dinamardinga”, occupied some portions of the town. The ruins of the foreign possessions still exist. Balasore serves as the most convenient base for touring the various places of interest in the district. The Temple of Mahadev Baneswar is one of the main places of tourist interest in Balasore. Lacquered toys of Balasore, brass works of Remuna and stone carvings of Nilagiri are the local handicrafts. Chandipur: The sea beach at Chandipur is surely one among the finest beaches of the country, but with a plus. Here the waters recede five kilometers offshore and proceed rhythmically after a regular interval everyday. The sand dunes green with wild creepers and the caesarian whistling with the breeze create a fantastic moment for a visitor absorbed in observing the play of the tide. It is well connected by regular bus service from Balasore. Panchalingeswar: Situated on a hillock near Nilagiri, Panchalingeswar is a place with beautiful surroundings and serves as a picnic spot for the visitors. The five 'lingams' known as Panchalingeswar with the perennial spring flowing over them are the added attraction of this place. The Panthasala at Panchalingeswar provides accommodation for the visitors. Chandaneswar: The holy shrine of Lord Chandaneswar is a religious center for the people of not only the district of Balasore but also of places adjacent. It is a unique sight to see the devotees flock together in hundreds everyday and in thousands on festive occasions like Nilaparva (April) for darshana. Talasari: About 4-km from Chandaneswar and 4-km from Digha in West Bengal is the tranquil beach at Talasari, surrounded by casuarina groves. A jeep drive on the beach to negotiate both the places is a pleasant and memorable experience. Balaramgadi: 2-km from Chandipur, Balaramgadi where the river Budhabalanga meets the sea is a nice picnic spot and ideal for fishing and cruising. The fishing boats also provide an interesting sight. Chandabali: Chandbali has been a famous river port since medieval time. The tourists can enjoy a boat journey to Aradi and Dhamra by river route from Chandbali. Aradi: A beauty spot on the bank of the river Vaitarani known as the 'sacred Ganges of Orissa', Aradi is famous for the Saiva shrine of Lord Akhandalamani. Hundreds of pilgrims visit the place daily not only for a Darshan of the Lord but also to seek relief from physical ailment they suffer from. It is 52-km from Bhadrak and 110-km from Balasore. One can also negotiate the place by boat from Chandbali through the river. Dhamra: On the confluence of the rivers Vaitarani and Brahmani where they meet the sea, Dhamra naturally has a special appeal for the tourists. It is 40-km from Chandbali, approachable by boat and motor launch and 160-km from Balasore. Raibania: Raibania, a place of historic importance finds its mention in the book "Ain-iAkbari". It is known for its group of forts now in ruins. The Jayachandiban or the lovely forest of Jayachandi is now used as an ideal picnic spot. HOW TO GET THERE Air: The nearest Airport is Bhubaneswar, which is 198-kms from Balasore. Rail: Balasore is having a railhead on the southeastern Railway. All Calcutta-Madras rail routes of southeastern railways touch Balasore. From Howrah, Balasore could be

accessible by Dhauli Express, Falaknama Express, East-Coast Express, Puri and Jagannath Express, at different points of time of the day. There are several local trains available as well. Road: Balasore is well connected by roads with Bhubaneshwar 198-kms, Cuttack 228kms and Calcutta 234-kms. The Madras bound National Highway No-5 linking CalcuttaBalashore-Cuttack-Bhubaneswar is the main connector by road. There are several other bye-routes too such as Kolaghat-Digha-Jaleswar routes and Belda route. Nearby Cities Chandipur: 16-km Pachalingeswar: 30-km Chandaneswar: 88-km Balaramgadi: 18-km Chandabali: 120-km Aradi: 110-km Dhamra: 160-km Bhubaneswar: 198-km

BERHAMPUR Location: 14-km from the Bay of Bengal, On National Highway No. 5, and Orissa Famous For: Berhampur Silk Weaving Places of Interest: Gopalpur-On-Sea, Taptapani, Jaugarh, and Aryapalli Best Time To Visit: October to June Berhampur, one of the major commercial towns of Orissa greets a visitor on his arrival from the southern part of India and wishes him a happy sojourn to discover the bewitching eastern part. It is also a great shopping center for famous silk sarees and handicrafts. Berhampur is also a famous trade center for rice, sugarcane and other agricultural products of the region. Other attractions produced over here include brass work of Ganjam; coirmats of Gopalpur and the exquisite horn work of Paralakhemundi can be procured here. Carpets from Chandragiri, woven by refugees from Tibet, are another attraction. Gopalpur-On-Sea: This sleepy resort in Ganjam district with its deep sea was once an ancient seaport. It is 16-km from Berhampur having all sorts of tourist facilities. Taptapani: Surrounded by the hills inhabited by the Orissan tribals, Taptapani has gained popularity for its natural hot sulphur spring and beautiful environs. Located 51-km from Berhampur, it offers visitors the medicinal properties of its spring water, piped directly into the private bathtubs at the Panthaniwas. It makes a nice stopover from Gopalpur-on-sea and Berhampur to Koraput region. Jaugada: Jaugada is the site of Ashokan rock edicts, 35-km from Berhampur. The content of the edicts is similar to that of Dhauli, where the emperor speaks of an administration tempered by justice and compassion. Aryapalli: Situated 30-km from Berhampur and 6-km from Chhatrapur in the district headquarters of Ganjam, the beach at Aryapalli is quiet and charming with a refreshing climate. Mahendragiri: Trekking the mountain trails of Mahendragiri hill (1525m) is a rewarding experience. The extravagant beauty of the forested hill is quite breathtaking situated 125-km from Berhampur. Tratarani: The temple of Taratarini, the twin Goddesses, is situated on the top of a bluecapped hill. The encircling river Rushkulya enhances the beauty of the place. The holy shrine draws large number of pilgrims throughout the year, especially on every Tuesday in the month of Chaitra. Tratarani place is well connected by regular bus service from Berhampur. There is a Revenue Inspection Bungalow here for accommodation whose reservation authority is Tahasildar, Chhatrapur. HOW TO GET THERE Rail: Berhampur is a major railhead on the SE Railway. Road: One can reach the town via road through National Highway No-5, which passes through the city.

Gopalpur-On-Sea: 16-km

Nearby Cities Taptapani: 50-km

Jaugarh: 35-km

BHAWANIPATNA Location: Kalahandi District, Orissa Named After: Its Presiding Deity Bhawanishankar Places of Interest: Phurli Jharan, Junagarh, Karlapat, and Belkhandi Best Time To Visit: October to June Bhawanipatna, the headquarters of Kalahandi District, is a town of numerous temples dedicated to different deities of Hindu pantheon. Named after its presiding deity 'Bhawanishankar', it is the most convenient base for touring various places of interest in the district and the nearby district of Nawapara. Phurli Jharan: Situated 15-km from the town this perennial waterfall of 16m high has a special charm of its own. Junagarh: The old capital of the ex-state of Kalahandi, Junagarh was a well-built fort with Oriya inscriptions on its temple walls and is located 26-km away from Bhawanipatna. The historic fort Asurgarh is only 35-km. Karlapat: Popularly known for its charming wildlife, this place is 32-km from Bhawanipatna. Situated nearby is the beautiful Khandulala fall. A short distance from Karlapat is Thuamul-Rampur, a little slice of paradise on earth. Belkhandi: On the confluence of the rivers Tel and Utei, Belkhandi, 67-km from Bhawanipatna is a place of archaeological importance. Ampani Hills & Haladigundi Valley: The Ampani hills (77-km) with its frolicking valley called 'Haladigundi' is a place for viewing colourful wildlife and 7-km away from here is the prehistoric cave paintings at Gudahandi. Budhikomna: Budhikomna houses the unique brick temple of Pataleswar, 40-km from Khariar and 115-km from Bhawanipatna. Yogimath: 9-km east of Khariar is Yogimath, famed for the cave paintings of Neolithic age. Patalaganga: Situated 40-km from Khariar, is considered as a holy spot. HOW TO GET THERE Air: The nearest airport is situated at 418-km away in Bhubaneswar. Rail: The nearest railway station is at Kesinga situated 35-km from Bhawanipatna. Road: 418-km from Bhubaneswar, Bhawanipatna is connected by all-weather roads and regular bus services from important parts of Orissa. Nearby Cities Phurli Jharan: 15-km Junagarh: 26-km Asurgarh: 35-km Karlapat: 32-km Belkhandi: 67-km Ampani: 77-km Budhikomna: 115-km Kesinga: 35-km

BHUBANESWAR Location: Bhubaneswar, Orissa Main Attractions: Ashokan Rock Eddicts & Excavated Sites of Dhauli Language Spoken: Oriya INTRODUCTION – HISTORY: Bhubaneswar is essentially a town of Temples and tanks, with the majestic Lingaraja temples dominating the landscape for miles around. Though many of the shrines have long succumbed to the destructive forces of nature, standing ones of various sizes even now exist literally in hundreds. The overwhelming sanctity of 'Ekamrakshetra' led the rulers and the ruled, actuated by the hope of an eternal abode in heaven, to vie with one another in embellishing the sacred place with temples of all dimensions. The history of Bhubaneswar and its environs goes back much earlier than the 7th century AD, which first witnessed the feverish zeal of temple building. It is one of the few

places in India, which have the rare distinction of having archaeological remains almost from the dawn of the historical period down to the end of the Hindu rule. The Ashokan Rock-Edicts: At Dhauli, 8-km, south of Bhubaneswar, one comes across one of the earliest inscribed records of India-a set of edicts of the great emperor Ashoka (circa 272-36 BC) of the Mauryan dynasty. Incised on a rock with the sculptured forepart of an elephant at the top, it contains eleven out of the well-known set of Fourteen Rockedicts found on the confines of his empire. The omission of the Thirteenth Edict here, as also at Jaugada (District Ganjam), both in ancient Kalinga, is obviously deliberate, as that Edict describes pithily the emperor's conquest of Kalinga, involving a great carnage, captivity and misery of the people. This event was the turning point in the career of Ashoka, who henceforward, gave up his ambition of 'Dig-Vijaya' (military conquest) in favour of 'Dharma-Vijaya' (spiritual conquest). In place of the Eleventh, Twelfth and thirteenth Edicts, two special Edicts, known as Separate Rock-Edicts, have been introduced: they are conciliatory in tone, meant for the pacification of the newly conquered people. The forepart of the elephant, about 1.22 m. high, carved out of live rock, symbolizes Buddha, the 'best of elephants', as in this form the great preacher was believed to have entered his mother's body. The animal, the earliest sculpture in Orissa, though lacking in the characteristic Mauryan polish, due apparently to the inferior quality of the rock, is noted for its dynamic naturalism plastic treatment of bulky volume and dignified bearing. Though the center of gravity shifted to Bhubaneswar proper in about the 7th century AD, the neighborhood of Dhauli was not entirely deserted, as is testified not only by an inscription, recording the construction of a 'Matha' in the reign of the 'Bhauma-Kara' king 'Santikara', in a small cave excavated on the face of a hill to the north-west of Ashoka's edicts, and the ruins of a temple, built also during the Bhauma-Kara period on the top of the same hill, but also by the existence of a few the medieval temples at the foot of the Dhauli hill on the bank of the Day. From the Separate Rock-Edicts of Ashoka it appears that Tosali was a viceregal seat during his time. Though excavation in the immediate vicinity of the inscription has failed to yield anything substantial, extensive ruins of a fortified town have been unearthed at Sisupalgarh, 5-km. North-east of Dhauli and 2½-km southeast of Bhubaneswar, on the left side of the Bhubaneswar-Puri road. Excavation here revealed that the site had been in occupation from the beginning of the 3rd century B. C. To the middle of the 4th century AD and that its defences had been erected at the beginning of the second century B. C. The layout of the city, roughly square on plan, protected on all sides by a rampart, each of its sides over a kilometer long and pierced with two elaborate gateways, is suggestive of a well-developed civil and military architecture. The streamlet 'Gangua' (ancient 'Gandhavati'), flowing all around the rampart served as a natural moat with a perennial supply of water. Though documentary evidence in favour of the identification of the Maurya headquarters of Tosali with Sisupalgarh is wanting, the possibility of the identification cannot be ruled out in view of the latter containing antiquities that go back to the Maurya age. Ancient Kalinga: Stronger evidence exists for Sisuupalgarh being the site of 'Kalinganagara', the capital of the 'Chedi' kings of the Mahameghavahana family (second-first century BC), during whose time Kalinga was again an independent kingdom, free from the yoke of Magadha. The Hathi-gumpha inscription in the Udayagiri hill, 10-km northwest of Sisupalgarh of Kharavela (1st century BC) of this dynasty, while furnishing details of his eventful career, credits him with the repairs to the gates, walls and houses of the capital devastated by a cyclone.

Now there is no fortified town of the period other than Sisupalgarh in the neighborhood of the Udayagiri hill. Further, the excavation at Sisupalgarh actually revealed a collapse of and subsequent repairs to its western gateway. Influence of Jainism: Kharavela was a powerful ruler and launched Kalinga on a career of conquest. He espoused the cause of Jainism, which was the established religion in Kalinga even before the rise of the Mauryas, and brought back a Jain cult-object long taken away by the 'Nandas', the immediate predecessors of the Mauryas. Thus, under the royal patronage of the Chedis the Udayagiri and Khandagiri hills became a strong Jaina center. Though Buddhism declined in Bhubaneswar with the growing influence of the Saiva Pasupata sect, Jainism maintained its hold on these two hills even in the days of the Bhuama-Kara and Somavamsi kings as attested by the inscribed records thereon. The history of Bhubaneswar following Kharavela and preceding the rise of the 'Sailodbhavas' in about the seventh century AD is extremely obscure. Fortunately, it is not so obscure in the field of archaeology. As already noted, Sisupalgarh continued to be in occupation till the middle of the fourth century AD the finds from the site include the Kushana and imitation Kushana coins, clay 'bullae' imitating Roman coins and a unique gold piece having on the obverse a late Kushana motif with legends in characters of the 3rd century AD and on the reverse a Roman head with a Roman legend. Roman contacts of Sisupalgarh are thus unmistakable. To the early centuries of the Christian era also belong a few heavy 'Yaksha' and 'Naga' statues, specimens of which are exhibited in the Orissa State Museum. One life-sized pot-bellied Naga and two 'Nagi' sculptures can be seen under worship in the village of Kapilprasad, 3 ¼-km. South of Bhubaneswar. Standing against serpent-coils with a five-hooded canopy above their heads and decked in heavy ornaments, these freestanding statues, representing folk-divinities, share with other similar figures from different parts of north India crude and primitive characteristics. Though one cannot definitely assign any temple of Bhubaneswar to the Gupta age, which saw the emergence of the characteristics of India temple-types, as there exists no specimen of the initial formative stage, still faltering due to an insufficient technique, a few architectural fragments and sculptures- the latter mostly hieratic divinities like UmaMahesvara, Kartikeya, Ganesa and Parvati- recall the Gupta art-idiom. These pieces can sometimes be seen lying in the compounds of temples and more often re-utilized in later temples. But it is difficult to be certain about their date in view of the persistence, in Orissa, of the Gupta art-idiom even in the post-Gupta period. Yet, the sporadic finds of these detached sculptures and architectural pieces are inadequate to bridge the gulf of six centuries following the Chedi supremacy. When the pall of obscurity is lifted, the land fell under the spell of Saivism. Its architects had given a distinct turn to the form of the temples as evolved during the Gupta age and were already on the way towards developing the north Indian temple-type known as "Nagara" in the 'Silpa-Sastras' or canonical texts on architecture, along their own lines- investing it with such distinctive peculiarities as ultimately won for it a separate recognition under the name of the Kalinga Order. Henceforward, art and architecture with a few exceptions were at the absolute service of Saiva and Sakta cults till the ingress of Vaishnavism in the 13th century AD Though there may be some truth in the tradition recorded in Sanskrit texts like the Ekamra-Purana that the Gauda king sasanka, a staunch devotee of Siva, sho, according to epigraphically sources, conquered parts of Orissa including Kingdom in the first quarter of the 7th century AD, built the first quarter of the 7th century AD, built the first Saiva temple at the site of Tribhuvanesvara, the particular sect which brought about transformation in the religion of the people and gave an impetus to temple-building was

the Pasupata sect, of which Lakulisa, a Saiva teacher, was the organizer. The earlier temples of Bhubaneswar teem with the representations of this deified teacher. By the 5th century AD the sect seems to have established itself in the Bhubaneswar region. The religion it had to combat was Buddhism, which seems to have been the prevailing faith at Bhubaneswar when it came to the scene. This accounts for the great resemblance of the figure of Lakulisa with that of Buddha: but for the lakuta (staff) the former would easily be identified with the latter. The earliest group of the extant temples, of which the Parasuramesvara temple is the best preserved, was most probably built during the rule of the Sailodbhavas who, in the first quarter of the 7th century AD, were feudatories to the Gauda king Sasanka, but soon after AD 619, the date of the Ganjam plates of Sasanka, declared independence under Madhavaraja II. Though no temple bears any inscription dated in the reign of any of the Bhauma-Kara rulers who followed the Sailodbhavas, it is clear from the extant temples that the templebuilding activity continued unabated during their long rule. The Somavamsis succeeded the Bhauma-Karas. The building activity was in full swing also under the Ganges, who brought an end to the rule of the Somavamsis in about the beginning of the 12th twelfth century. One of the inscriptions on a wall of the jagamahana of the Lingaraja temple records the grant by the Ganga king Anantvarman Chodaganga (AD 1078-1150) of a village for the maintenance of a lamp in the temple of Krittivasas (original name of Lingaraja) in AD 1114-15, presupposing thereby not only the existence of the Lingaraja temple but Chodaganga's conquest of Bhubaneswar before that date. Vaishnavism: The impact of Vaishnavism, which rose to prominence during the Ganga supremacy, left its imprint not only on the second temple, the only important Vaishnava temple at Bhubaneswar, but also on the personification of the presiding deity of the Lingaraja temple as the combined manifestation of Hari and Hara. That Saivism had to compromise with Vaishnavism is also apparent in the introduction of a number of Vaishnavaq rites in the worship of Lingaraja. Further, a figure of Garuda found place by the side of the bull on the votive column in front of the bhoga-mandapa of the temple. The rule of the Suryavamsi Gajapatis, who supplanted the Ganges in the 15th century AD, is one of retrogression in the sphere of art and architecture at Bhubaneswar. The southern side of the ruined porch leading to the 'Kapali-Matha' by the side of the 'Papanasini tank' has a panel of elephant-riders with an inscribed label mentioning the commander-in-chief of Kapilendra (circa ad. 1435-70), the founder of the Gajapati dynasty. It is likely that some temples like the Varunesvara on the bank of the Papanasini tank were built during the reign of the Gajapatis. These temples, together with the porch in question, are devoid of any artistic merit.

CUTTACK Location: 29-km from Bhubaneswar, On National Highway-5, and Orissa Previously known As: Its Presiding Deity Bhawanishankar Main Attraction: Barabati Fort, Paramhansnath Temple & Qadam-I-Rasool Best Time To Visit: October to June One of Orissa's oldest cities (Abhinaba Baranasi Kataka of medieval times), Cuttack is a bustling commercial center, situated on the delta formed by the Mahanadi and Kathjori rivers. The legendary engineering skills of the ancient Oriyans are not only featured in their wonderful temples but also can be seen in the 11th century AD stone embankments on the Kathjori River.

PRIME ATTRACTIONS Barabati Fort: The ruins of the Barabati fort, on the bank of the Mahanadi, evoke memories of bygone days, while the fort's location is home to a modern stadium, which rings with the sounds of sports events and cultural programs today. The venerated shrine of Katak Chandi, the presiding deity of the city, is situated at a strolling distance from the fort area. Qadam-I-Rasool: The Qadam-i-Rasool has the unusual element of being venerated by both Muslims and Hindus. The shrine has a high compound wall and towers at each corner. There are three mosques within, which are located elegant domes and a Nawabat Khana (music gallery) built in the 18th century AD. The central dome structure has the footprints of Prophet Mohammad imprinted on a circular stone. Paramhansnath Temple: Visit the Paramahansanth Temple of Shiva on a holy day. The temple on the outskirts of the town is famous for its water hole ('Ananta Garva'), which floods the sanctum sanctorum on holy occasions. Banki: Banki, 52-km from Cuttack, has the shrine of Goddess Charchika on the bank of the Mahanadi. The eight-armed deity of Chamunda is worshipped here according to tantric rites. Bhattarika: Situated on the riverbank is Bhattarika, 108-km from Cuttack. It is a beautiful picnic spot with the shrine of Goddess Bhattarika. Chandikhol: Chandikhol is a perfect picnic spot with its thickly wooded hills and sylvan spring that flows perennially through its green glades. It lies about 40-km north of Cuttack. At Mahavinayak, 5-km away, there is a shrine of the five godheads on one lingam. Ganpati is much revered here. Chhatia: The picturesque Chhatia, 30-km from Cuttack, has several shrines and the remains of an ancient fort. Ansupa Lake: With the Saranda Mountain in the west and river Mahanadi in the south, the Ansupa Lake is a haven for migratory birds in winter. The lake offers facilities for boating and fishing and is 70-km from Cuttack. Naraja: Naraja, another scenic spot on the bank of the Mahanadi, boasts of many Buddhist images. It is 15-km from Cuttack. Niali Village: Niali village, 47-km from Cuttack, is known for its Shrines and Archaeological Sculpture Shed. Madhab, a nearby village is an enchanting picnic spot on the bank of the river Prachi, also famous for the shrine of Radha-Madhab. Ashokjhar: Set amidst the green forests of Mahagiri Hills, Ashokajhar beckons the adventurers. It is 90-km from Cuttack, but the motorable road ends at Sukinda. One may trek the remaining 10-km or hire an auto rickshaw. Dhavaleswar: A small but beautiful island in Mahanadi, Dhavaleswar enchants all with the spell of the river. The Shiva temple, perched on a hillock, is approachable by flights of stemp, one from the north and other one from the south. As a religious center, Dhavaleswar throngs with religious activities throughout the year. It is 37-km by road from Cuttack and 4-km through water. HOW TO GET THERE Air: The nearest airport is situated at Bhubaneswar. Rail: One can catch direct trains from Bhubaneswar, Puri, Calcutta, Delhi, Hyderabad and Chennai. Road: Cuttack is 29-km from Bhubaneswar by road The National Highway No. 5 passes through the city. Nearby Cities Banki: 52-km Bhattarika: 08-km Chandikhol: 43-km Chhatia: 30-km Anusupa Lake: 70-km Naraja: 15-km Niali Village: 47-km Ashokajhar; 90-km Dhabaleswar: 35-km Bhubaneswar: 29-km

JAJPUR Location: 92-km from Cuttack, Orissa Also known As: Navigaya Kshetra Famous As: Pilgrimage Center Presiding Deity: Goddess Viraja or Durga Once the prosperous and ancient capital of Utkal, Jajpur was an important and flourishing center for trade and commerce in the olden days. Its diverse cultural crosscurrents enlivened and enriched the city even in the days of the visit of the Chinese traveler Huien T'Sang. Jajpur is also one of the sacred pilgrim points in Orissa. Goddess Viraja (Durga) is city's reigning deity. Jajpur is also known as 'Navigaya Kshetra' where the Hindus for their ancestors offer pinda. Situated on the bank of river 'Vaitarani', Jajpur has the sacred shrines of mother Goddess Viraja (Durga), 'Sveta Varaha' - the incarnation of Lord Vishnu as the white boar, 'Sapta Matruka' and a host of other shrines. HOW TO GET THERE Rail: The nearest railhead is at Jajpur-Keonjhar Road on the Howrah-Chennai main line of the SE Railway Road: One can reach Jajpur by an all-weather motorable road just 27-km away from the city. Jajpur is 92-km from Cuttack by road. Nearby Cities Cuttack: 92-km Keonjhar: 27-km

JEYPORE Location: Koraput District, 521-km from Bhubaneswar, Orissa Famous For: Its Abundant Flora & Fauna. Places of Interest: Duduma, Gupteswar & Papadahandi Jeypore, the commercial nerve center of Koraput district, endowed with falls and forests thronged with colourful wildlife has all such facilities to serve as the convenient base for visiting the places of interest in and around. Duduma: Duduma is a charming waterfall on the river Machhakund, 70-km from Jeypore. It is also a place of pilgrimage with rare scenic beauty. Gupteswar (58 km): Gupteswar is a scenic spot with the cave shrine of Lord Shiva Gupteswar. The place glows on the occasion of Mahashivaratri. Papadahandi (52-km): The Shiva Temple with Champak trees at Papadahandi is worth visiting. Sunabeda (40-km): Sunabeda is also a place of scenic beauty amidst lush green valley with an aero -Engine Factory. So also 'Batris Simhasan ', which means 'a throne with 32 steps' is located at Nandapur -69 km. HOW TO GET THERE Air: Vishakhapatnam (220-km) in Andhra Pradesh and Bhubaneswar (521-km) are the nearest Airports for Jeypore. Road: Jeypore lies on NH No.43 connected by regular bus services from Bhubaneswar, Berhampur and other important towns of Orissa, Andhra Pradesh & Madhya Pradesh. Nearby Cities Duduma: 70-km Gupteswar: 58-km Papadahandi: 52-km Nandapur: 69-km

JORANDA Location: 24-km from Dhenkanal, Orissa Famous As: Religious Center of 'Mahima Dharma' Houses: Samadhi of Mahima Gosain Main Festivity: Joranda Fair

Famous as the religious headquarters of 'Mahima Dharma', Joranda houses the samadhi of Mahima Gosain, the preacher-propounder of the Mahima Cult. The other sacred temples are the 'Sunya Mandira', 'Dhuni Mandira' and 'Gadi Mandira'. Pilgrims in large numbers pourforth to Joranda fair held on full-moon day of Magha, which falls in January-February every year. HOW TO GET THERE Air: The nearest airport for approaching the places of interest in the district of Dhenkanal is at Bhubaneswar (99-km), which is connected with New Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, Mumbai, Visakhapatnam, Hyderabad and Nagpur by Boeing flights. Rail: Dhenkanal Railway Station Road: 24-km from Dhenkanal, regular bus services operate between Dhenkanal and Joranda. Nearby Cities Dhenkanal: 24-km Bhubaneswar: 123-km

KAPILAS Location: 26-km from District Dhenkanal, Orissa Famous For: Temple of Lord Shiva Chandrasekhar Main Festivity: Mahashivaratri Best Time To Visit: February-March The loftiest peak of Kapilas range enshrines the temple of lord Shiva Chandrasekhar at a height of about 457m. The place is identified with 'Kailash', the legendary abode of Lord Shiva. A flight of 1,351 steps and also a ghat road lead to the temple. Thousands of devout souls throng to Kapilas on the occasion of 'Mahashivaratri, the night consecrated to Lord Shiva in the month of February-March. To the east of the main temple at a higher altitude stands the temple of Narayan and Viswanath. The hill has several caves as well as the ruins of a mediaeval fort, which are regularly visited by pilgrims. Some of the caves are associated with the Puranic episodes that have great appeal to the visitors. The great names of Shridhar Swami, the celebrated commentator of the 'Bhagabat' and 'Mahima Gosain', the founder of 'Mahima cult', are historically associated with the place. Besides, the Deer Park and Science Park are two other added attractions of the place. HOW TO GET THERE Air: The nearest airport for approaching the places of interest in the district of Dhenkanal is at Bhubaneswar (99-km), which is connected with New Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, Mumbai, Visakhapatnam, Hyderabad and Nagpur by Boeing flights. Rail: The nearest railway station is situated at Dhenkanal. Road: Located 26-km from Dhenkanal, regular bus services are also available in Kapilas. Nearby Cities Dhenkanal: 26-km Bhubaneswar: 125-km

KEONJHAR Location: 227-km from Bhubaneswar, Orissa Main Attractions: Vishnu Temple, Jagannath Temple, and Siddha Kali & Panchabati Famous As: Picnic Spot Excursions: Sitabinji, Khandadhar, Gonasika & Ghatgaon The district headquarters town, Keonjhar is the gateway to one of the most scenic destinations in India. Worth seeing here are the Vishnu and Jagannath temples, as are the Siddha Kali and Panchabati shrines. Sanghagara waterfall (30.5m) and Badghagara waterfall (61m) are close to this town. The exciting environment of Badghagara has made it a popular picnic spot of the state.

The rich mineral deposits have been a blessing to Keonjhar in many ways. Natural landscapes and exuberant waterfalls cascading down forest-clad hillsides make up just a few of the district's wondrous attractions. Terraced valleys and forested land provide shelter to the tribal folk who give the visitors a glimpse of Orissa's rich past in their simple lifestyles and exotic festivities. Sitabinji: 30-km from Keonjhar, on river Sita, Sitabinji is a place having ancient fresco paintings on a rock shelter called 'Ravan Chhaya'. Khandadhar: Famous for the waterfall of 152m high amidst lush green forests, it lies 60km from Keonjhar and is an ideal place for picnic. Gonasika: Surrounded by a series of valleys and wooded hills of varying colours, the place is famous for the origin of river Vaitarani as well as a center of pilgrimage for the temple of 'Brahmeswar Mahadev'. A little away from the point of its origin, the river goes under ground, and seen after jumping a short distance over a stone projection looking like the nostril of a cow. It lies 45-km from Keonjhar. Ghatgaon: About 50-km from Keonjhar towards Cuttack Goddess Tarini holds sway over her devotees from her beautiful shrine. HOW TO GET THERE Air: The nearest airport is situated at Bhubaneswar. Rail: The nearest railhead is J.K. Road - 114 km. Road: Keonjhar is linked with Calcutta, Bhubaneswar (227-km), Ranchi, Tata and important places of the State by regular bus services. Nearby Cities Sitabinji: 30-km Sanghagra: 6-km Badghagra: 9-km Khandadhar: 60-km Ghatgaon: 50-km Gonasika: 45-km

CHANDIPUR Location: Chandipur, 16-km from Balasore, Orissa Famous As: Seaside Resort Excursions: Remuna, Panchaligeswar, Aradi & Chandaneswar The swaying casuarina trees and the shimmering waters of this seaside resort have made Chandipur a favorite haunt for a small coterie of beach lovers. The uniqueness of Chandipur is that twice a day its waters recede from the shore a good 5-km away, giving water revelers the ultimate pleasure of walking into its shallow depths with fearless abandon. The beach offers gorgeous views of dynamic seascapes and timeless dawns. Other places of tourist interest around Balasore are Remuna, Panchaligeswar, Aradi and Chandaneswar. How to Get There Air: The nearest Airport is Bhubaneswar, which is 214-kms from Chandipur. Rail: The nearest railhead Balasore is on the southeastern Railway. All Calcutta-Madras rail routes of southeastern railways touch Balasore. From Howrah, Balasore could be accessible by Dhauli Express, Falaknama Express, East-Coast Express, Puri and Jagannath Express, at different points of time of the day. There are several local trains available as well. Road: Chandipur is connected by road to Balasore 16-kms, Bhubaneshwar 214-kms, Cuttack 230-kms, Calcutta 240-kms etc. The Madras bound National Highway No-5 linking Calcutta- Balashore-Cuttack-Bhubaneswar is the main connector by road. There are several other bye-routes too such as Kolaghat-Digha-Jaleswar routes and Belda route. It takes approx. 7-8 hours to reach Chandipur from Calcutta. The usual conveyance is a full reserved Ambassador, Sumo, Maruti, Auto or Tracker from Balasore.

Nearby Cities Balasore: 16-km

KONARK Location: 33-kms from Puri, Orissa Main Attractions: Sun Temple, Konark Beach, and Konark Dance Festival Reigning Deity: Lord Surya Also known As: Black Pagoda The Language of the Stone: Konark, also known as "Arka-Tirtha", is known for its temple of Lord Surya, the sun god. It is situated on the seashore, 33-km north of Puri and 64-km from Bhubaneswar. It was constructed of black stone in the beginning of the 13th century, and it is considered one of the most vivid architectural showpieces of Hindu India. Despite the fact that the 'Black Pagoda' is in ruins, the remaining porch area and other structures of this temple complex remain as a crown jewel of Orissan artwork. The Legend: Mistaking the sea at Puri for the Yamuna River, Sri Chaitanya jumped in and was washed by the ocean 33-km north to the Konark area, where an astonished fisherman caught him in his net. PRIME ATTRACTIONS The Sun Temple: The Orissan King 'Raja Narasimha Deva' built this temple in the 13th century. It took 1,200 workmen over 16 years to build. It is believed that the temple was no longer used from the early 17th century when the temple was desecrated by Muslim invaders. In 1904 the sand around the temple base was cleared. This impressive temple resembles a huge chariot with 24 huge wheels being pulled by seven horses. Great pairs of large intricately carved wheels were carved on both sides of the 4m high platforms that the temple is on. There are two rows of 12 wheels on each side of the temple. Some say the wheels represent the 24 hours in a day and others say the 12 months. The seven horses are said to symbolize the seven days of the week. There is a dancing hall here, an audience hall and a high tower too. Sailors once called this temple the Black Pagoda because it was supposed to draw ships into the shore and cause shipwrecks. Konark Beach: There is a nice quiet beach about 3-km from the temple. The currents can be strong here, so swimming can be dangerous. Not far from the beach is a pond where Krishna's son Samba is said to have been cured from leprosy. Every year during the full moon phase in the month of Magha there is a festival called "Magha Saptami Mela". People bathe in the pond at night and then watch the sun rise over the sea the next morning. The Sun Temple Museum: The Sun Temple Museum run by the Archaeological Survey of India has an excellent collection of sculptures from the temple ruins. One can also purchase the "Archaeological Survey of India's Sun Temple-Konark" from here. It is not sold at the temple itself. Kuruma: This place approachable by jeeps is just 8-kms from Konark. Recent excavations have brought this small village into the limelight with the discovery of antique images of Buddha seated in "Bhumispara Mudra" along with the image of "Heruka". Chaurasi: Here one may visit the shrines of 'Laxminarayanan', 'Amareshras' and 'Barahi'. Barahi is a deity dating back to the 9th Century AD and is worshipped according to tantric practices. She is a mother goddess with the face of a boar and is holding a fish in one hand and a cup in the other. Ramachandi: 7-kms from Konark, it is accessible by road (Marine drive). Ramachandi is situated at the confluence of the River Kusabhadra and the Bay of Bengal. It is a beautiful spot and Goddess Ramachandi, the deity of Konark, is worshipped here.

Astranga: Washed by the clear blue waters of the Bay of Bengal it really lives upto its name. 'Astranga' literally means varied colours. 55-kms from Konark, the sunset is a spectacular scene. It is a famous fishing harbour. Kakatapur: Kakatapur lays 45-kms from Konark. Well connected by regular bus services from Puri Bhubaneshwar and Cuttack. It is situated in the Prachi valley and is known for the shrines of Goddess 'Mangala' and 'Banadurga'. Legend has it that direction for locating the holy log from, which is created the icon of Lord Jagannatha, comes from her. The much-famed 'Jhamu Yatra' is celebrated in April - May where the devotees walk over a narrow trench strewn with lighted embers. It is a major festival here. Pipli (44-kms): Pipli, close to Konark, is a center for applique work.

KHURDA Location: Khurda District, 30-kms From Bhubaneswar, Orissa Local Delicacy: Sita Bhoga Best Time To Visit: Throughout the Year The district of Khurda holds a queen position in the tourist map of Orissa, for its historical antiquities and religious shrines. The Kalinga School of architecture is best represented in its exotic temples, monuments and sculptures. Bhubaneswar, the Temple City is too popular between both the international and domestic tourists. This is the most convenient alighting point to cover the Golden Triangle of PuriBhubaneswar-Konark as well as to Chilika and other nearby lovely tourist spots, due to well connected air, rail and road services. This district also charms the tourists with its eye catching handicraft varieties of Orissan delicacies handloom and appliqué works. PRIME ATTRACTIONS Khurda: The district headquarters town with a rich historical past is encircled by the Barunel hill on one side, while the other side is dense jungle. Due to its strategic location, Khurda was the capital city of Orissa in 16th Century AD Khurda fort was the last independent fort of the British India. Barunei: A scenic spot, 3-kms from Khurda, Barunei attracts thousands of visitors round the year. 'Barunei', the presiding deity of the place adorns the hilltop. The shadowy mango groves with a perennial spring called 'Swargaganga' provide a pleasant atmosphere for the picnickers. Bhubaneswar: The modern capital of Orissa, boasts of some 500 temples still standing on there own, ranging from 54.36m high Lingaraja to the lovely miniature ones. A complete study of the Kalinga style of architecture from its very inception to perfection spreading over two thousand years is epitomized in the monuments of Bhubaneswar. No other place has such a continuity of building so chronologically arranged from 3rd century BC to 13th century AD Dhauli: This is the place famous for Ashokan Rock Eddicts (3rd century BC) and Buddhist Peace pagoda along with a beautiful modern Buddhist monastery at the foothill. Khandagiri-Udayagiri Caves: The main Attractions of this place are the Rock edicts of king Kharavela built in 1st-2nd century BC, 'Hati-gumpha' inscription and the temple of 'Parswanatha'. Nandankanan: This biological garden comprises of attractions such as a beautifully carved lake, ropeways, toy train, white tiger safari, lion safari and varieties of species. Hirapur: This place is famous for one of the only four out of the sixty-four 'Yogini' temples in existence in India. Gadamanitri: Gadamanitri is a hill with scenic beauty and the abode of goddess 'Ramachandi', which is the presiding deity, a center of 'Palika' forces of 'Bhoi' dynasty. Atri: A place popular for its hot sulphur springs and health resorts.

Bonapur: Bonapur houses a 'Shakti Pitha', temple of Goddess 'Bhagabati' and 'Dakshyaprajapati', which is famous for cane works. Kaipadar: Well known for the tomb of Bokhari Sahib, on 18th century Muslim saint acclaimed as 'Pir'. Kaipadar is also popular for its religious fair held on every Thursday and visited by both Hindus and Muslim devotees. Barkul-On-Chilika: The largest brackish water lake in the Asia with lovely spots like bird sanctuary, a winter resort for migratory birds, famous temple island Kalijal, water sports complex and other small islands that are spread all over the lake. HOW TO GET THERE Air: Bhubaneswar is the nearest Airport at a distance of 30-kms. Rail: Khurda road is the nearest Railway junction at a distance of 12-kms. Bhubaneswar Railway Station is just 30-kms away. Road: Khurda is on the N.H.5. Regular bus service is available from all major towns of the state at Bhubaneswar and Khurda. Nearby Cities Barkul: 76-km Atri: 12-km Gadamanitri: 24-km Hirapur: 45-km Nandankanan Zoo: 46-km Bhubaneswar: 30-km Dhauli: 38-km Khandagiri & Udaygiri: 23-km

NUAPADA Location: District Naupada, Orissa Language Spoken: Oriya, Hindi, English, and Chhatisgari & Tribal Languages Main Attractions: Patalganga, Yogimath & Budhikoma Excursions: Patora, Sunabeda, Maraguda, Tanwat & Saliha The district of Nuapada, a part of the erstwhile district of Kalahandi, came in to existence on 1st April 1993, as a result of reorganization of the districts of Orissa. The district is a land of scenic beauties; waterfalls, natural springs, hill tracts and fertile plains perched with historic antiquities. It lies between 200 - 210 North latitude and 820 830 East longitude. This is the land where Neolithic man has left their footprints in the caves of 'Yogimath'. Khariar road, only 10-km from Nuapada, the district headquarters town forms the most convenient base for touring various places of tourist interest in the district. PRIME ATTRACTIONS Patalganga: It is a nice spot in the bosom of nature with a perennial spring, the water of which is considered as sacred as that of the holy Ganges. Local people perform their obsequies in the down stream. Legend would have it that Rama, Laxman and Sita visited the spot during their exile where Sita felt thirsty. Laxman pierced the ground with his arrow occasioning the birth of the spring. On the day of solar eclipse and lunar eclipse, people here gather in large number to take their bath in the holy water. Yogimath: Cave paintings of Neolithic age are found at Yogimath. The paintings on the rock surface are distinctly drawn in Indian red, which include bull cow. The painting of Calf and man signifies man's entry into agriculture. Nearby stands the 'Risipiti' mountain, interesting for producing clear echoes. Budhikomna: Budhikomana houses the famous temple of 'Pataleswar' made of bricks in 'Pancharatha' style unique in the state. A connoisseur of art and architecture finds immense pleasure in observing the different facets of this place. It is also a popular pilgrim center in the locality. Patora: On the bank of river jonk is a place of uncommon scenic charms. Engirdled on all sides by green clad hills. It holds in its bosom and irrigation project and culture dating back to pre-Christian era at Manikgarh. This is the Dam site of the Upper Jonk Irrigation Project situated at a distance of 20-KM from the District Headquarter.

This place is also famous for 'Yogeswar Temple'. There is a lot of scope for Boating in the Reservoir of the U.J.I.P. It has also been planned to start the District Museum and Pantha Nivas at the Dam site. Sunabeda: Close to Patora is Sunabeda Wildlife sanctuary. A waterfall called "Godhosh", about 63m amidst dense forest enhances the scenic view of the place. It is only 40-km from Komna Block headquarter. The people of the area sacredly worship the goddess "Sunadei" presiding deity of the plateau, on the day of Dussehra. Sunabeda is a plateau inhabited mainly by 'Gond', 'Bhunjia' and 'Paharia'. The plateau is the source of the river Jonk and Sundar. The highest points on the plateau are 3056ft, called Birbusi and Kotpadar (3235ft) to the South. The entire plateau is an extensive and valuable grazing ground for the cattle. Maraguda: About 17-km from District Headquarter, the Maraguda valley is situated on the upper reaches of the Jonk River. The site of the ancient metropolis of Koshala Nagari with flourished from the 3rd to 13th century AD. Has been graphically detailed in the accounts of Chinese travelers Hiuen T'sang. The village is famous for 10th to 12th century archaeological finds of 'Kalachuri' dynasty. The excavations are underway. Tanwat: Tanwat is a village about 7-km to the south of Nuapada District Headquarters situated at the foothills of Manikgargh. The river Silda that owes its origin in the hills creates a cascading waterfall at Bogthola, which is about 1-km to the west of Tanwat. The village has temple dedicated to the deity "Konabhoinra". Near the temple the relics of ruined fort can be seen. Saliha: Popularly known as 'Saliagarh' where the people of Khariar estate united in 1930 and protested against the taxation on the tenants of the Estate. To commemorate the same a freedom fighter's pillar constructed. It is 8-kms from Nuapada on the way to Khariar Road. HOW TO GET THERE Air: The nearest Airport for approaching the places of interest in the district of Nuapada is at Rajpur, Madhya Pradesh, 130-Kms and Bhubaneswar the state capital of Orissa 535-kms. There is an airstrip at Gotma 7-kms and 4-kms and 4-kms respectively from Nuapada and Khariar Road. Rail: Nearest railhead is at Nuapada Road 3-kms on Vizang-Raipur line on SE Railway. Road: Rajpur is connected with all weather motorable roads to Bhubaneswar and various other cities of the state. Nearby Cities Saliha: 8-km Maraguda: 16-km Tanwat: 7-km Sunabeda: 80-km Patora: 20-km Budhikomna: 40-km Yogimath: 82-km Patalganga: 110-km Raipur: 137-km Gotama: 4-km

PARADEEP Location: 94-km from Cuttack, Orissa Places of Interest: Kendrapara & Jhankad Main Attraction: Temple of Lord Baladeva & Car Festival Excursions: Bhitarkanika National Park Paradeep, a major seaport of India for trade activities with a fine sea beach, is an enjoyable tourist resort 94-km from Cuttack. Important pilgrim center Kendrapara is 65km from Cuttack. Known as 'Tulasi Kshetra' it is famous for the temple of Lord Baladeva. A grand car festival is held here annually which draws a mammoth crowd. Also situated 60-km from Cuttack, Jhankad houses the shrine of Goddess Sarala and the place is associated with poet Sarala Das, and the first epic poet of Orissa. Enjoying the Wilds: Exciting moment can also be had at the Bhitarkanika National Park. Sprawled over 367 square kilometers, it has a variety of animals in its mangrove forests crises-crossed by rivers and creeks.

Known for crocodiles, sea turtles on the Gahirmatha beach and water monitor lizards, it has rare white crocodiles. It is also a Park for deer and migratory birds. One can also see 10th-11th century temples, sculptures, mud-forts and pottery. How to Get There Road: Regular bus services from Cuttack are available to reach Paradeep, Kendrapa and Jhankad. One may go to Bhitarkanika via Chandbali and Rajnagar, which are 170km and 110-km respectively from Cuttack. Dangmal, the base, is three hours from both Chandbali and Rajnagar by motor launch. For motor launch, contact the DFO, Rajnagar, or Assistant Director, inland Water Transport, Chandbali. Nearby Cities Cuttack: 94-km Kendrapara: 65-km Jhankad: 60-km Chandabali: 170-km via Cuttack Rajnagar: 110-km via Cuttack

PHULBANI Location: Kandhamal District, 211-km from Bhubaneswar, Orissa Places of Interest: Balaskumpa, Padmatala, Purana Khatak & Patudi Best Time To Visit: October to June Phulbani, the headquarters town of Kandhamal district, has varieties of attractions with a rich tribal culture and colourful flora & fauna for the tourists as indicated below. Phulbani is the most convenient base for touring the various places of interest in the district. Balaskumpa: Balskumpa, 18-km from Phulbani houses goddess Barala Devi, who is believed by the natives to be the creator of the world. Padmatala: Padmatala has a pond where wild animals can be seen in considerable numbers during evening. Purana Khatak: Phurana Khatak is famous for the temple of Goddess Bhairavee. Chaisambhu (85-km): Chaisambhu is a place named after its famous temple of Lord Charisambhu Ananta Vishnu. Chakapad (60-km): Renowned for the temple of Lord Birupakshya on the river Brutunga, the place commands a panoramic view of nature. The striking feature of the place is that the trees all around lean towards south. Patudi (15-km): A place of natural beauty with a waterfall on the river Bada Saluki, It has dense forests and hills on both sides of the river. The cool breeze and the melody of chirping birds generate poetic thoughts in the minds of the visitors. Dalringibadi (135-km): Nicknamed as 'Kashmir of Orissa', Dalringibadi is an ideal summer resort and is attractive for its scenic beauty. It is the only place in Orissa, which experiences snowfall during winter. Belghar (158-km): Belghar amidst dense forests is thick with wildlife especially elephants. Boudh (70-km): A place with a rich cultural heritage, Boudh was the center of various religious movements of the past. The presence of a huge Buddha image has given it a place in the Buddhist map of Orissa. The Buddhist shrine where Lord Buddha is seated in Padmasana, still stands as testimony to the historic past. Temples like Rameswar, Chandrachula, Gopaljiu, Durga; Matangeswari & Hanuman are the added attraction of the place. Boudh is connected with regular bus services from Berhampur, Bhubaneswar, Sambalpur & other important places of the State. HOW TO GET THERE Air: The nearest airport is situated at Bhubaneswar. Rail: The nearest railhead is at Berhampur on the SE Railway-127 km. Road: Good motorable roads connect the place with Bhubaneswar (211-km), Berhampur and other important places of the State by regular bus services. Nearby Cities Balaskumpa: 18-km Putudi; 15-km Chakapad: 60-km

Charisambhu: 85-km Berhampur: 127-km

Daringibadi: 135-km

Belghar: 158-km

PURI The holy city of Puri is located 60-km from Bhubaneswar on the coast of the Bay of Bengal. It is one of the four holy dhamas of India - Puri, Dwarka, Rameswaram and Badrinath. It is considered that a pilgrimage of the temples of India is not complete without making the journey to Puri.

Popularly Known As: Puri is called "Sri Purusottama Dham" or "Martya Vaikuntha", the abode of Lord Vishnu on earth. Other names are "Sriksetra" (best of all sacred centers), "Purusottama Ksetra" (the abode of the supreme being), "Nilachal", "Nalagiri", "Sankha Ksetra", and "Jagannatha Dhama". Puri is about 2-km wide and 4-km long. The Jagannatha Temple or Jagannath temple here is one of the major temples in India. The worship of Lord Jagannatha is so ancient that there is no idea how long. He has been worshiped. The Lord has had many temples before the present one. Sri Ramanuja visited Puri between 1107 and 1117 century AD and stayed for some time. Vishnu Swami visited Puri in the second half of the 12th century and established a 'Matha' near 'Markandeswar' Tank, called "Vishnuswami Matha". Nimbarka Acharya also made a pilgrimage to Puri, and Srila Prabhupada visited in January 1977. A major reason that Puri is so important to the "Gaudiya Vaishnavas" is because Lord Chaitanya spent so much time here. Many of His pastimes with His most intimate associates took place at different sites in this area. Non-Hindus cannot enter the Jagannatha temple. This is strictly enforced. Besides being an important holy town Puri also has one of the best beaches for swimming in India. It is one of the most visited places in India by young foreign tourist. It is a very pleasant place. PRIME ATTRACTIONS

Lord Jagannatha Temple: The temple of Lord Jagannatha or Jagannath temple ('Lord of the Universe') at Puri is one of the most sacred pilgrimage spots in India, one of the four abodes ('Dhamas') of the divine that lie on the four directions of the compass. The present temple structure was built in the 12th century by the 'Ganga' King 'Choda Ganga Deva', replacing an earlier structure, which probably dated to the 10th century.

Until recently, almost the entire temple was covered in white plaster, so much so that European sailors in previous centuries used it as a navigation point, referring to it as the "White Pagoda" in contrast to the "Black Pagoda" of Konark, further up the coast. Gundicha Mandir (Temple): This temple is located at the end of Grad road (the main road) about 3-km northeast of the Jagannatha temple. At the time of the 'Ratha-Yatra' festival, Lord Jagannatha goes to the Gundicha temple and stays there for one week. After one week He returns to His original temple. It is said that the wife of 'Indradyumna', the king who originally established the temple of Jagannatha, was known as "Gundicha". The cleansing of the Gundicha temple takes place the day before the Ratha-Yatra festival as mentioned in "Chaitanya-Caritamrita". Non-Hindus can walk within the walls and see the beautiful garden, but they are not allowed in the temple building.

RATNAGIRI-LALITGIRI-UDAYAGIRI Location: Northeast of Cuttack, 100-km from Bhubaneswar, Orissa Famous As: Buddhist Sites Main Attraction: Relics of Buddha & Monastery Complex These three hills and their environs comprise a remarkable Buddhist complex. HiuenT' sang, the Chinese Pilgrim found it to be the seat of a flourishing Buddhist University called 'Puspagiri'. Extensive ruins of brick pagodas, sculptured stone portals and esoteric Buddhist images testifying its ancient glory, have been unearthed. Ratnagiri is the gem of this complex. The two large monasteries here flourished from 6th to 12th centuries AD. The magnificently carved doorjamb of the Vihar and the superbly finished Buddha images form perhaps the greatest concentration of the post-Gupta period Buddhist sculptures. HOW TO GET THERE Air: The nearest airport is situated at Bhubaneswar. Rail: Cuttack is 29-km from Bhubaneswar and has direct trains from Bhubaneswar, Puri, Calcutta, Delhi, Hyderabad and Chennai. Road: Drive down or catch a bus from Cuttack, which is 70-km away from Ratnagiri, 60km from Udayagiri and 55-km from Lalitgiri. One can also pick up a rickshaw near the Lalitgiri turn-off. Nearby Cities Cuttack From Ratnagiri: 70-km Cuttack From Udaygiri: 60-km Cuttack from Lalitagiri: 55-km

RAYAGADA Location: District Rayagada, on the way to Koraput from Bhubaneswar, Orissa Places of Interest: Hatipathar, Minajhola & Padampur Best Time To Visit: October to June Rayagada, the headquarters town of the district of same name, is on the way to Koraput from Berhampur. It has the facilities to serve as a base for visiting the nearby places of interest. Hatipathar: Hatipathar, only 3-m from here, is a place of great scenic beauty with two waterfalls on the course of river Nagavali. The boulders here appear like huge elephants. Minajhola (134-km): On the confluence of three rivers, Minajhola is a scenic spot as well as a place of pilgrimage. Padampur (94-km): Padmapur, housing the shrine of Manikeswar Shiva, is identified to be the seat of Dharmakirti, the Buddhist Logician-Philosopher. HOW TO GET THERE Air: The nearest airport is situated at Bhubaneswar.

Rail: Rayagada is a railhead on the Raipur-Vizianagaram rail line of Southeastern Railway. Road: Rayagada is connected by regular bus services from Berhampur, Koraput and Bhubaneswar (390-km). Nearby Cities Hatipathar: 3-km Minajhola: 134-km Padampur: 94-km

ROURKELA Location: District Sundargarh, Orissa Main Attractions: Indira Gandhi Park & Hanuman Batika Places of Interest: Vedvyas, mandira Dam, Darjeeng & Junagarh Best Time To Visit: October to March Set in the lap of nature, Rourkela has come into prominence with the establishment of the first of the three public sector steel plants set up in India in 1955. Situated in the minerally rich belt of Orissa, Rourkela marked a new era in the Steel Industry of India being the only steel plant devoted primarily to the production of flat products and sheets. Rourkela serves as the most convenient base for visiting the places of interest in the district of Sundargarh. It is the most convenient base for visiting other interesting places in Sundargarh district. PRIME ATTRACTIONS The Indira Gandhi Park: The Indira Gandhi Park is one of the important places of attraction and a pleasing site for pastime amusement in the city of Rourkela. Adjacent to the Ring Road this park covers acres of 42 acres of land in Sector - 4. The lush green hedge, an attractive grass meadow and the gardens full of varieties of seasonal flowers are a characteristic feature of this park. In addition the monument stands at height of 10m, Fountain garden, Japanese garden, Rose garden and beautiful picnic spot attract the public in large number. There is also a mini train for the children. The zoo is also enjoyable. Hanuman Batika: The Hanuman Batika in the center of the city of the city is also an added attraction. A 75-feet tall full-fledged Hanuman statue welcomes the visitors to the steel city of Rourkela. Sri Laxmana Swami was the great architect who has made this magnificent image. The Hanuman Vatika Trust Board has made a beautiful Temple complex on 13 acres of Land. The Bata Mangala Mandira, Binayaka Mandira and Manas Parayana Sharala have been established to the entrance of the Hanuman Vatika. The Kaila Baikuntha, the kitchen, the Kalyan Mandap and the Bhajan Mandap lie close to the Jagannath temple. The Gate of the temple is beautifully decorated with statues that watch the temple. Vedvyas (9-km): Situated on the confluence of the rivers Sankha and Koel, Vedavyas is not only a place of natural beauty but also considered a 'Tirtha', a place of religious sanctity. A Vedic Ashram and a school on the lines of Gurukula Ashram are the added attractions of the place. An ideal picnic spot, it is 5-km from Panposh. Mandira Dam (28-km): There is a dam at Mandira, which offers boating facilities. It is 28-km from Rourkela and one may stay in the Mandira Guest House. The SAIL authorities of Rourkela have constructed a huge reservoir for Fishing-culture. There are boating facilities also available in the reservoir. This reservoir supplies water to the R.S.P. in summer. Darjeeng (51-km): Situated on National Highway No.23, Darjeeng is a beautiful place on the river Brahmani, ideal for picnickers. 2-km away, approachable on foot is Deodarha, a gorge on the river. Junagarh (180-km): About 180-km from Rourkela, Junagarh has a fort of historical and archaeological importance with ancient caves.

Mirig Jhog Waterfall (111-km): Another haunt of the tourists is the Mirig Jhog Waterfall, a picnic spot, 111-km from Rourkela. Khandadhar (114-km): The 244m high Khandadhar is the loveliest waterfall in Orissa. 114-km from Rourkela via Bonaigarh, it offers a delightful refreshing sight. Ushakothi (157-km): 47-km from Sundargarh, the rock-cut caves of Ushakothi contain some pictographic writings, which are yet to be deciphered. Tensa (110-km): Tensa that lies at distance of 110-km from Rourkela is marked for the beauty of the distance hills that attracts the attention of the passers by. HOW TO GET THERE Rail: Rourkela has direct trains from New Delhi, Calcutta, Bombay, Chennai, Bokaro, Tata, Ahmedabad, Cuttack, Bhubaneswar, Sambalpur and Puri. Road: Rourkela is 470-km from Bhubaneswar and 192-km from Sambalpur by road. Nearby Cities Vedavyas: 9-km Mandira: 28-km Deodarh: 51-km Junagarh: 180-km Mirig Khog Waterfall: 111-km Khandadhar Waterfall: 114-km via Bonaigarh Sambalpur: 192-km

SAMBALPUR Location: Near the border of Madhya Pradesh, Orissa Famous As: Kat Weaving District Main Attraction: Hirakud Dam Places of Interest: Ushakothi Wildlife Sanctuary, Huma, Nrusimhanath, and Pradhanpat & Sonapur In the west, near the border with Madhya Pradesh, is the large town of Sambalpur. An ancient center of diamond trade, Sambalpur is famous for its tie and dye textiles; folk dance and music; and also for the Hirakud Dam, one of the longest mainstream dams in the world. Sambal is the heart of a Kat Weaving District and one can buy fabric in the main bazaar and in government co-operative shops. This area is located on an off-beaten path and becomes something of a local attraction for the tourists. Ushakothi Wildlife Sanctuary: This 304 sq.-km forest has wild elephant’s leopards, bison’s, black panthers and many more species of animals and birds. There is waterpower for visitors for viewing the animals. The sanctuary is 48-km east of Sambalpur on National Highway No.6. Huma: Huma's Leaning temple is 32-km from Sambalpur. It is a Shiva temple on the bank of Mahanadi. Nrusimhanath: Famous for its 15th century temple, Nrusimhanath is 164-km from Sambalpur via Bargarh. The place is also known for its waterfalls. There is a Panthasala for accommodation too. Pradhanpat: The Pradhanpat hill with its picturesque waterfall offers a rare scenic beauty. These falls are close to Deogarh; a district headquarters town- 96 km from Sambalpur. Sonapur: Sonapur, 80-km south, is another textile center and there are tantric temples situated over here. HOW TO GET THERE Rail: The railway station is about 3-km away from the town center, where one can reach by hiring an auto-rickshaw. There are direct trains to Bilaspur, Jhansi, Calcutta, Bhubaneswar, Delhi and Chennai. Most of these trains also stop at the Sambalpur Road railway station, which is a little closer to the center. Road: The bus stand is situated at the center of the town and there are three buses daily for Puri. A better option is to catch the morning bus for Cuttack and another form there to Puri.

Nearby Cities Ushakothi Wildlife Sanctuary: 48-km Huma: 32-km Nrusimhanath: 164-km Pradhanpat: 96-km

SUBARNAPUR Location: Subarnapur District, 277-kms from Bhubaneswar, Orissa Also known As: Paschima Lanka Language Spoken: Oriya, Hindi, English and Tribal languages. Best Time To Visit: October to February Situated on the confluence of the rivers Mahanadi and Tel, Sabarnapur, known as Paschima Lanka in scriptures is the headquarters town of Subarnapur district. A small but nicely laid out town; it enshrines goddess 'Lankeswari Darha'. Cruising and fishing in the gorge by country boats afford pleasant experiences. The soaring pinnacles of various temples like 'Subarnameru', 'Rameswar', 'Pancharath' etc. adorn the skyline of Subarnapur. The temple of 'Gnyanadei Maluni', which has no opening at all, bespeaks of the tantric practices that once flourished in this land. PRIME ATTRACTIONS Binika (32-kms): The name Binika has been derived from Binitapura, which was a prosperous town in eastern India in mediaeval times. In earth 10th century AD it was the Headquarters of 'Somavamsi Kesharies' of south Kosala. The ruins of 'Tarapurgada', a medieval fort, are found with a deep moat connected with the Mahanadi along with other relics of historic importance. 4-kms. To the South of 'Binika', 'Papakshaya Ghat', on the river Mahanadi, houses the shrine of Lord Gopal. The popular belief goes that a dip in the Mahanadi at this Ghat washes way all sins. Charada (35-kms): It is famous for the beautiful temple dedicated to Lord Kapileswar Shiva. 'Ananga Bhima Deva' II (1211-1238 AD) is known to have constructed this temple after a win over the 'Kalachuris'. The image of Goddess Charadei, the presiding deity of the place dates back to 5th/ 6th century AD festivals like 'Shivaratri', 'Hanu Yatra' etc. are celebrated here with great fervor. Khaliapali (25-kms): Khaliapali, noted for the Monastery of Bhima Bhoi, is a religious center of 'Mahima' cult. After the death of Bhima Bhol a follower made Khaliapali their principal religious center. 'Magha Chaturdasi' festival is celebrated here with great pomp and pageantry like 'Joranda' in Dhenkanal district. Baidyanath (14-kms): Baidyanath, a place of historic importance, is situated picturesquely on the left bank of river Tel. Lord Kosaleswar Shiva; the presiding deity of the place is worshipped in a modern shrine after the fall of the old one. But the existing porch reveals excellent craftsmanship of mediaeval art dating back to 10th century AD the place draws an enormous crowd on the occasion of Shivaratri. HOW TO GET THERE Air: The nearest Airport is at Bhubaneswar, which is 277-kms away from Subarnapur. Rail: Nearest railhead is at Balangir on SE Railway, 48-kms from the town. Road: Subarnapur is connected by regular bus services from Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, Berhgampur and other places. Nearby Cities Baidyanath: 14-km Khalipali: 25-km Charada: 35-km Binika: 32-km Balangir: 48-km

TALCHER Location: 20-km from Angul District, Orissa Significance: One of the fastest growing industrial towns of Orissa. Best Time To Visit: October to March

The erstwhile capital of the ex-state of Talcher it is one of the fast growing industrial areas of Orissa. The establishment of Talcher Thermal Power Station, the largest coalbased Fertilizer plant, Heavy Water Plant and the Talcher Collieries has greatly enhanced the importance of the place. HOW TO GET THERE Air: The nearest airport for approaching the places of interest in the district of Angul is at Bhubaneswar (160-km), which is connected with New Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, Mumbai, Vishakhapatnam, Hyderabad and Nagpur by Boeing flights. Rail: Talcher railway station on S. E. Railway. Road: 20-km from Angul and 65-km from Dhenkanal, it is connected with NH 42 by NH 23 at Banarpal. Regular bus services are also available from here. Nearby Cities Angul: 20km Dhenkanal: 65-km Bhimkand: 30-km Samal: 20-km

TIKARAPADA Location: 58-km from District Angul, Orissa Main Attraction: The Gharial Crocodile Sanctuary Significance: Best site for Adventure Sports Best Time To Visit: October to March The site of one of the most fabulous vistas of river and forest, the 'Satkosia Gorge' where the great Mahanadi River crashes in with monumental force is a dizzyingly enervating experience for the visitors. The meandering pace of the sensuous river, 22-km of thick forest, offers scenic delights of the frothing, boiling water as it wends its way through the fabulous gorge, considered to be one of the most enchanting spots in the world. It is the ideal place for boating, angling and other adventure sports. The forest and hills around the village have varieties of fauna to fascinate the visitors. A GHARIAL CROCODILE SANCTUARY: The Gharial sanctuary at Tikarapada is a must for wildlife fans. Located at about 211-km from Bhubaneswar and 58-km from Angul, it offers forest bungalow accommodation at strategic places. If one wants to camp inside the sanctuary then he has to take special permission to do so. HOW TO GET THERE Air: The nearest airport for approaching Tikarapada is Bhubaneswar (160-km), which is connected with New Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, Mumbai, Visakhapatnam, Hyderabad and Nagpur by Boeing flights. Rail: Angul railway station. Road: Connected with a good motorable road, the place is 120-km from Dhenkanal and 58-km from Angul on the road which branches off the Cuttack-Sambalpur road at Badakera situated 14-km west of Angul. Nearby Cities Angul: 58-km Dhenkanal: 120-km Talcher: 78-km