01 Pendahuluan.pptx

Pendahuluan Manajemen Konstruksi

What is a Project?

•A definition:

•“A temporary endeavor undertaken to accomplish a Beginning Middle End unique purpose”

A project is defined by the following characteristics: • A defined goal or objective. • Specific tasks to be performed. • A defined beginning and end. • Resources being consumed.

• The goal of construction project is to build something. What differentiate the construction industry from other industries is that its projects are large, built on-site, and generally unique. • Time, money, labor, equipment, and, materials are all examples of the kinds of resources that are consumed by the project. • Projects begin with a stated goal established by the owner and accomplished by the project team. As the team begins to design, estimate, and plan out the project, the members learn more about the project than was known when the goal was first established. This often leads to a redefinition of the stated project goals.

Proyek Konstruksi • Building • Civil Works:  Jalan  Jembatan  Bendungan  Dermaga  Irigasi/ Drainasi  Terowongan

The Triple Constraint • Every project is constrained in different ways by its: – Scope goals: What work will be done? – Time goals: How long should it take to complete? – Cost goals: What should it cost?

• It is the project manager’s duty to balance these three often-competing goals.

The Quadruple Constraint Time

Quality

Scope

Cost

What is Project Management? • Project management is “the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements.”*

*PMI, A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) (2004), p. 8.

Figure 1-2. Project Management Framework

PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROFESSIONAL M.P.D.C

Project Management Tools and Techniques • Project management tools and techniques assist project managers and their teams in various aspects of project management. • Specific tools and techniques include: – Project charters, scope statements, and WBS (scope). – Gantt charts, network diagrams, critical path analyses, critical chain scheduling (time). – Cost estimates and earned value management (cost).

PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROFESSIONAL M.P.D.C

Fifteen Project Management Job Functions* • Define scope of project. • Identify stakeholders, decisionmakers, and escalation procedures. • Develop detailed task list (work breakdown structures). • Estimate time requirements. • Develop initial project management flow chart. • Identify required resources and budget.

• • • • •

• • •

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Evaluate project requirements. Identify and evaluate risks. Prepare contingency plan. Identify interdependencies. Identify and track critical milestones. Participate in project phase review. Secure needed resources. Manage the change control process. Report project status.

*Northwest Center for Emerging Technologies, “Building a Foundation for Tomorrow: Skills Standards for Information Technology,” Belleview, WA, 1999.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROFESSIONAL M.P.D.C

Figure 1.3 Technical and Sociocultural Dimensions of Project Management (Gray & Larson, 2006, p13)

PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROFESSIONAL M.P.D.C

Suggested Skills for Project Managers • Communication skills: Listens, persuades. • Organizational skills: Plans, sets goals, analyzes. • Team-building skills: Shows empathy, motivates, promotes esprit de corps. • Leadership skills: Sets examples, provides vision (big picture), delegates, positive, energetic. • Coping skills: Flexible, creative, patient, persistent. • Technology skills: Experience, project knowledge.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROFESSIONAL M.P.D.C

Project Phases and the Project Life Cycle • A project life cycle is a collection of project phases that defines: – – – –

What work will be performed in each phase. What deliverables will be produced and when. Who is involved in each phase. How management will control and approve work produced in each phase.

• A deliverable is a product or service produced or provided as part of a project.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROFESSIONAL M.P.D.C

More on Project Phases • In the early phases of a project life cycle: – Resource needs are usually lowest. – The level of uncertainty (risk) is highest. – Project stakeholders have the greatest opportunity to influence the project.

• In the middle phases of a project life cycle: – The certainty of completing a project increases. – More resources are needed.

• In the final phase of a project life cycle: – The focus is on ensuring that project requirements were met. – The sponsor approves completion of the project.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROFESSIONAL M.P.D.C

PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROFESSIONAL Figure 1.1 Project Life Cycle (Gray & Larson, 2006, p6)

M.P.D.C

Project Management Process Groups ….A process is a series of actions directed toward a particular result…..

Initiate

Plan Monitor & Control Implement

PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROFESSIONAL M.P.D.C

Close

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Project Initiation • Initiating a project includes recognizing and starting a new project or project phase. • Some organizations use a pre-initiation phase, while others include items such as developing a business case as part of the initiation. • The main goal is to formally select and start off projects. • Key outputs include: – – – –

Assigning the project manager. Identifying key stakeholders. Completing a business case. Completing a project charter and getting signatures on it.

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Project Planning • The main purpose of project planning is to guide execution. • Every knowledge area includes planning information • Key outputs included in the JWD project include: – – – –

A team contract. A scope statement. A work breakdown structure (WBS). A project schedule, in the form of a Gantt chart with all dependencies and resources entered. – A list of prioritized risks (part of a risk register).

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Project Executing • Project execution usually takes the most time and resources. • Project managers must use their leadership skills to handle the many challenges that occur during project execution. • Many project sponsors and customers focus on deliverables related to providing the products, services, or results desired from the project. • A milestone report can keep the focus on completing major milestones.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROFESSIONAL M.P.D.C

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Project Monitoring and Controlling • Involves measuring progress toward project objectives, monitoring deviation from the plan, and taking corrective action to match progress with the plan. • Affects all other process groups and occurs during all phases of the project life cycle. • Outputs include performance reports, requested changes, and updates to various plans.

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Project Closing • Involves gaining stakeholder and customer acceptance of the final products and services. • Even if projects are not completed, they should be formally closed in order to reflect on what can be learned to improve future projects. • Outputs include project archives and lessons learned, which are part of organizational process assets. • Most projects also include a final report and presentation to the sponsor or senior management.

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Tugas 1 (Tugas Kelompok, 4-6 orang/ kelompok) Buat presentasi (ppt) tentang potensi proyek di Indonesia dan Internasional, antara lain terkait dengan: • Nilai proyek • Jenis proyek • Lokasi (nasional di 33 propinsi), internasional .... • Kebutuhan profesionalisme di bidang manajemen proyek konstruksi dan profesi terkait seperti QA/QC, estimator/ QS, Schduler, ahli K3, dll... • Juga presentasikan tentang contoh proyek sukses & proyek gagal