Who Are Thais
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: ก 1 (Who Are the Thai?: Politics of Thailands National History and Ethnicity) !" # $% &'2( *+,-" ก'/"0"3 -+ก23ก0"/"4456%!7896 :!-;<"& 5;+'2" ' =7$!>-<+?-& 5@#AB5#+C!##"D9"EAB9;;F" D *D 0G/E%-7$!>-&H44 D+-/*!*#"4"กD 6;IB F#A#F-?J"A!EK:6ก:!E 6$L/ก6G"/+B7'AB5 8-A8-$"E'/->'9G/E4:- M L/7#F/!F"E-+?-กN'9/E% 9-6%!ก+D%J"กBF";$:O;F" -F"-649"P M L/ M-"64"P 6%!6&Q-/"I"4+ก $:O FE6 L/EG/ED *<-6RF"7$! กF/-$:O456 LO/#/J"-"46* "5@Sก4:- ก "-4'9/E/*!*6G9" SFD 6;I%"D # $ /-T84:->-$:O 8 /!F"E7 กN'"# >-M9%;"# ->4'8'"#%;"#6%BLO/-7M;G/E;E;<"ก" $"E& 5;+'2" ' =AB5 #"- 0!;$!"/!SFD9"E -+ก23ก0"กN/"4457896 :!- S96ก:O!;ก+DG9/T'9A!9E$:O;F" 4 E U AB9; D *D 0G/E %-7$!7#F789/*!*#"4"ก$:O>86B! M"ก789'+?E@O-V"- 9"ED9"-A&BE6#L/EP /!SFD 6;I ARF-8->MWFG/E6/6<:!/"%6-!=#"<9"-"-AB9; 89;!%;"# S9%;"#6G9">46DL?/E'9-6ก:O!;ก+D& 5;+'2" ' =<"'7$!G9"E'9--:? -+ก23ก0"*3E ' 5M-+ก;F" ก" LD%9-M" "ก6ME9"P $:O#"G/E'9-' 5กSB7$! AB5ก" 23ก0"& 5;+'2" ' =<"'7$! 6&Q-X" ก4$:O7#F/"4 ?- 8BE789EF"! U X" ก4M#F U >-AEF$:O;F" MB+กV"-M L/AMBFE/9"E/E>M#F U !F/#>M9%;"# S9AB5%;"#6G9">4>-AEF# #$:O /8%B9/E -+D - M L/A'ก'F"E//ก7&4"ก%;"# S98+?E68#$:O#:/!SFAB9; 6#LO/ก"B6;B"RF"-7& ก" * S4-=M L/BDB9"E%;"# S9 6กF"!F/#6&Q- OE$:O6ก8G3?-7896 #/ * 9/#ก+D&BF/!>M9%;"# S9%;"#6G9">46กF" U B9"MB+E7&6M#L/-ก+D6 " ><96% LO/E%/#*;6'/ =A$-$:O6% LO/E*#*=8:8 M L/><96% LO/E%86BG4-'9/E6กND6/" BSก%8P 7&7;9>**CX+IY= 6&Q-'9/!F"E7 กN'"# %;"# S9$"E& 5;+'2" ' =AB5#"- 0!;$!"A'ก'F"E4"ก;$!"2" ' =AB5 6$%T-TB!:/!F"E#"ก>-AEF$:O;F" & 5;+'2" ' =AB5#"- 0!;$!"#+ก45@Sก-J"#"><96*LO/ 9"E / 8#ก" I=AMFE<"'P B+$C<"'-!#P AB5><96&Q- V"-/J"-"4P $"Eก" 6#L/E>M9ก+D%I5D %%BRS9ก #
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6/ก " & 5ก/D%J"D !"! "!;<" 7$!23ก0"P "G";<"23ก0"$+O;7& J"-+ก;<"6$%T-TB!: +E%# #M";$!"B+!6$%T-TB!: -" : &[ก" 23ก0" 2540-2541 /"4" !=& 54J" "G";<"23ก0"$+O;7& J"-+ก;<"6$%T-TB!: +E%# #M";$!"B+!6$%T-TB!: -" : /J"6X/6#L/E 4+EM;+8-% "< :#" 30000 3 -+ก;4+!& 54J"M9/E7$!23ก0"-$+2-= AB5-+ก23ก0"& WW"6/ก Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA. (2538-&H44 D+-) 2
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2 :2+ก ;+BBTX8# AB5 4''= ;E0=6$2. ' . (ก E6$$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*=#'<-, 2534), M-9" 2. 4''= ;E0=6$2. %J">M9ก" G/E D I"Cก" .P >- ) . 2B&;+,-C # mD+D*620. (ก E6$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*=2B&;+,-C #, 2530), M-9" 123. 5 Giddens, Anthony. Sociology. Second Edition. (London: Polity Press, 1991), pp. 254-55. 6 4''= ;E0=6$2. ) 12. (ก E6$*#M"-% : #M";$!"B+!2B&"ก F;#ก+D J"-+ก*#*=2B&;+,-C #, 2537), M-9" 4-5.
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Giddens, Anthony. Ibid, pp. 252-53. Bentley, G. Carter. Ethnicity and Practice.P Comparative Studies in Society and History. 29, (1987): 24-55. 9 Keyes, Charles F. Ethnicity, Ethnic Group,P to appear in Thomas J. Barfield (ed.), The Blackwell Dictionary of Anthropology. (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, n.d.). 8
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10
Keyes, Charles F. Nation,P to appear in Thomas J. Barfield (ed.), The Blackwell Dictionary of Anthropology. (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, n.d.). Giddens, Anthony. Ibid, p. 758. 12 Giddens, Anthony. Ibid, p. 758. 13 Thongchai Winichakul. Siam Mapped: A History of the Geo-boboy of a Nation. (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1994). 14 Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. (London and Nw York: Verson, 1991). 11
6
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15
Seidenfaden, Erik. The Thai Peoples. Book I. (Bangkok: The Siam Society, 1963), p. 11.
7
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G/EกB F#%-<"'7$! (7$) $+?E#;B * & 20 /#$%&"6 */ = กก ก"0% #$%&กก"6 *,, & C / +%/0; "/H4%& /,$ก,;I ก%&; +ก ."&/83; P /$&"6 *5 +!! ."& && 32 MB;E;4' ;"$ก" 6&Q--+ก& 5;+'2" ' =$:O#:-ก" & +D& E6/"%;"# S9AB5 6ก N8$"E& 5;+'2" ' ='F"E U #"6G:!-6&Q--!"! D$B5% 6*BE&B ก>4AB5D$D !"!$"E ;$! ก 54"!6 :!E 6*LO/ 9"E%;"#X"%XS#>4G/E%->-<"'AB5 9"Eก 5A <"'-!#>-& 56$27$! 4649"/- qBq 2. G??7ก /"4กBF";789;F"& 5;+'2" ' =<"'7$!mD+D-:? 6&Q-RBRB'G/Eก" %9-%;9"G/E-+ก& 5;+'2" ' = -+กTD "I%8:AB5-+ก#"- 0!;$!">- #+!MB+E 6*LO/'/DT'9G9/6 -/G/E-+ก& 5;+'2" ' = mD+D$"E "<ก" P & 5;+'2" ' = mD+D$"E6BL/กP 6 O#'9-G3?->- ";MB+E *.2. 2500 6&Q-'9-#" -+ก;<"ก" $:O#:D$D"$#"ก$:O 8>-ก" 9"E & 5;+'2" ' = mD+D$"E6BL/กP 789AกF 4' XS#2+ก8( 2 :2+ก ;+BBTX8# 4''= ;E0=6$2 C8" " 5!" qBq -+ก;<"ก" >-กB F#-:?7#F6MN-89;!ก+DG9/6 -/G/E-+ก& 5;+'2" ' =กB F#A กMB"!& 5ก" GI568:!;ก+-กN789-J"6 -/RBก" 23ก0"G/E'-$:O "#" @!L-!+-89;!MB+กV"-AB5G9/;-4m+!$:O6 :!ก 789;F" *BกTm#M-9"P & 5;+'2" ' =<"'7$!MB"!& 5ก" 789AกF 2.1 MA$ NA @&A $กG$ C -+ก& 5;+'2" ' = F->M#F7#F6MN-89;! ก+D& 5;+'2" ' = mD+D$"E "<ก" P /!F"E<+864-$:O 8>-ก I:G/Eก" /*!* D *D 0G/E%7$7#F789/*!*#"4"ก6$L/ก6G"/+B7' M L/B F#A#F-?J"A!EK:6ก:!E %-7$M L/7'7#F789/*!*% +?E>MWF 6G9"#"'+?E@O-V"->-8-A8-%"D # $ /-T84:-AB57#F#:MB+กV"-$:O 5D ;F"@Sก4:- ก "-+ก& 5;+'2" ' = F->M#F7#F789&k6 C;F"7#F#:ก" /*!*6B!>-< #<-กF/-& 5;+'2" ' =>8-A8-6/6<:!/"%6-!=AB5& 56$27$!&H44 D+A'F OE$:O-+ก& 5;+'2" ' =กB F#-:?7#F!/# +DกN%L/ %;"#6
32
6 LO/E68:!;ก+-, M-9" 152.
15
4' XS#2+ก8( 23ก0"< #<-TD "IB F#A#F-?J"กกAB5B F#A#F-?J"649"* 5!" ;#$+?EMB+กV"'J"-"-AB52B"4" 3กMB+ก'F"E U *D;F" !+E#:< #<-TD "I/:กMB"!AMFE>-D 6;IX"%6M-L/'/-DAB5X"%กB"E K3OE "#" @ +--0V"-789;F"6&Q-< #<-$:O6กF"AกFก;F"/"I"4+ก TG$+!>-D 6;IB F# A#F-?J"!# $F"--J"6 -/;F" M"ก7#F7&!38'8 6*8"-P %;"#%8$"E& 5;+'2" ' =$:O;F" TG$+!6&Q "- &[ *.2. 1893 T8!ก" LD$/8/J"-"4 'F/4"ก TG$+!P /"46&Q-7&789;F"< #<-TD "I'F"E U >-X"%6M-L/'/-D-%L/ F/E /!ก" '+?E@OV"-$:O6กF"AกF>-8-A8-& 56$27$!&H44 D+- K3OE7#F4J"6&Q-;F"45'9/E6&Q-ก" /*!*#"4"ก4:-6 #/7& 33
2.2 D-
7ก NND-
-+ก& 5;+'2" ' =กB F#-:?6-8-A8-X"%>'9G/E4:-AB5ARF-8->MWFG/E6/6<:!/"%6-!= >-V"-5กB F#<"' *+-C = %-6MBF"-:?#:B+ก0I5$"E;+,-C # F;#ก+-#"'+?EA'FTD "I AB5 @A% "&0" กM9A'ก'F"E//ก7&4"ก%กB F#/LO- ;#$+?E6&Q- F;-$:OกF/>M96ก8ก" !/# +D ABก6&B:O!-AB5R #R "-;+,-C #G/E%-กB F# 'F"E U $:O'8'F/&k +#*+-C=ก+C8" " 5!" -+ก& 5;+'2" ' =AMFE4 "BEก I=#M";$!"B+! -J"6 -/;F" ...ก ก,."& กB +> กก 0%"!; % &&/&@A!0"ก 0"&."& > ! ก 3 ! * ; ! "."&/&H6H4; #$%&ก* HD +/0%"ก &*ก ,&"6 ก 35 6#LO/*4" I"-XS#X"%>- ";* $C2'; 0$:O 11-12 456MN-789;F" ...กก."&"6 ! &/"&"<ก*!- &ก (3ก) ""ก (.") #$%&4 ,6 กD<ก* HD "6 3 ก 3 *!- 0" ก 3 %* HD"- ก 3 %* HD." ก 3 %* HD / 0%"! ก%กY"6 0" S,6!
4' XS#2+ก8(. !#1" %_ $. (ก E6$*#M"-% : #SB-CT% Eก" 'J" " +E%#2" ' =AB5#- 0!2" ' =, 2524). 6-' < '-C "--$=. /9"EAB9;, M-9" 16-17. 35 C8" " 5!". ก$. (ก E6$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*=2!"#, 2537), M-9" 45. 36 /9"EAB9;, M-9" 65. 37 4''= ;E0=6$2. 2B&;+,-C #AB5 X"*A;8B9/#G/ERS9%->-' 5กSB7$!-B";กB F#'F"E UP >- ) . 4''= ;E0=6$2, D I"Cก" . (ก E6$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*=2B&;+,-C #, 2530), M-9" 114-115. 34
16
2.3 %&$ !-. A A " -+ก& 5;+'2" ' =กB F#-:?!L-!+-;F" 6M9%;"# J"%+Wก+D6-ก" 23ก0"& 5;+'2" ' =<"'7$!AB5%;"#6&Q-#"G/E%7$!6&Q-6 LO/EG/Eก" MBE<"'AB5$J">M9;<"ก" กB"!6&Q-& 568N-$"Eก" 6#L/E 4''= ;E0=6$2789;*"ก0=;4" I=A-;ก" 23ก0"& 5;+'2" ' = mD+D$"E "<ก" P ;F" =/I;; 0 " % ก,.$ */" . ;6 /& , ก + 0 5/-*ก=$กD=/I%&ก;"& %ก ก=$กD "& =$กD ก 0%" *! ;,>6 / *!- ."& ="; 0%" + & 4$&.< "ก%ก .*! !//", "&ก; +&, %กB0" && 0%"40" *! /- =/I."& =0"ก 0%" ."& ก,, = . / &; & 0"&*,, = ;3 &.; ก 3 % + ."& , "- ." "0% C ""ก $& ก,"<ก."&.$ 0" /3:. "3A ก3& \ ,; > %."&ก ;0%" =/""ก "0%" =*/ กB0" *! . * = + =*! % %& ก, 0%"3A=D% 19 !0"! & .=. 1800 & "& &กB" &"6 /" /3:. +A! &ก."& & C % + &, @ก +; 0"&*!- : & 3A=D% 11-12 38 กBF";T8! ;#AB9; & 5;+'2" ' = mD+D$"E "<ก" P 789กB"!#"6&Q-%;"#6-$+2-5G/E2 :2+ก ;+BBTX8#AB5 4''= ;E=6$2 6* "56M' RB 2 & 5ก" %L/ (1) 0%" . "/& ก . " /"."&กก & (2) 6 /$ก! &!0"%& 5; +>6 39 %C$ G?? ก 7 G??7ก 6#LO/*4" I"/!F"EB56/:!8AB9; 456MN-789;F"& 5;+'2" ' =$:OกBF";#"$+?E 2 mD+D#: B+ก0I5 F;#ก+-& 5ก" J"%+W$:O 8%L/ $+?E%SF6&Q- ; +!$+2-=6ก:O!;ก+D/8:'P G/E<"'7$! & 5;+'2" ' = mD+D$"E "<ก" P 6&Q-'+;A$-G/E; +!$+2-=$:O#:/J"-"4 +V /E +DAB5 /8%B9/Eก+D / 8#ก" I=$"Eก" 6#L/EG/E +V >-GI5$:O mD+D$"E6BL/กP 6&Q-G9/6 -/$"E;<"ก" $:O7894"กRBE"ก" 23ก0"%9-%;9"G/E-+ก;<"ก" F->M#F 6M' RB J"%+WG/Eก" 6G:!-& 5;+'2" ' = mD+D$"E "<ก" P กN%L/ (1) 9"E<"'M L/ 9"E %;"#6&Q-/+-M-3OE/+-68:!;ก+-G/E%->-<"' (2) %;"#X"%XS#>4>-<-<"' AB5(3) 9"E%;"#-$"Eก" 6#L/E>M9ก+D<-<+?-RS9-J">- +E%#7$! F;-& 5;+'2" ' = mD+D$"E6BL/กP 6ก8G3?38
4''= ;E0=6$2. "#, M-9" 5. 2 :2+ก ;+BBTX8# AB5 4''= ;E0=6$2. "#, M-9" 86.
3939
17
6-LO/E4"ก6M' RB$"E;<"ก" $:O'9/Eก" -J"6 -/MB+กV"-AB5G9/%9-*D>M#F$"E& 5;+'2" ' = GI568:!;ก+-กN6&Q-ก" $9"$"!/J"-"4 +V>-ก" -J"6 -/ ; +!$+2-=P 6ก:O!;ก+D /8:'P G/E<"' T8!-+!AB9; -+ก;<"ก" "#" @-J"6 -/%;"# S96ก:O!;ก+D /8:'P G/E<"'7$!AB5%-7$!789 T8!$:O %;"# S9<-8-:?7#F@Sก4J"ก+8/!SF>-ก /D/J"-"4G/E +V/:ก'F/7& >- +E%#TBก #+!>M#F %;"# S9P AB5 /J"-"4P G/E +V4J"6&Q-'9/E789 +Dก" ' ;4 /D#"กG3?-T8!6m*"5ก" ' ;4 /D4"ก-+ก;<"ก" $:O#: %;"#6<:O!;<"WAB56&Q-/ 54"กก" %;D% #G/E +V ก !-. Erik Seidenfaden & 5#"Iก" ;F">- ";กF/- E% "#TBก% +?E$:O /E กB F#%-7$/7'#:/!SF $+?EM#8 5M;F"E 21-23 B9"-%- & 5<"ก F;->MWF/"2+!/!SF>-& 56$27$! >-$+2-5G/E$F"-%กB F#-:?7#F>-$"E "!6BL/8AB5;+,-C #ก+D%-กB F#/LO- U 6M#F $+2-5$:O*4" I" %-7$!P >-V"-5$:O6&Q-กB F# <"'*+-C =$:O& 5ก/DG3?-89;!กB F#<"'*+-C =AB5;+,-C #A!ก!F/!4J"-;-#"ก 6&Q-$+2-5$:O!+E +D /!SF#"ก 6-LO/E4"ก& 5;+'2" ' = mD+D$"E "<ก" P $:O /-/!SF>-T E6 :!-6-9-6-M-+E L/6 LO/E '"#$ 2 :2+ก ;+BBTX8# -+ก#"- 0!;$!" AMFE#M";$!"B+!2B&"ก -J"6 -/;F" ... %> 6 !0" 0%"&% ก%ก; &"*! ก ,B/-""ก, + 2 0%"&0" 0%"&."&* = !0" ก " C ก; 0%"&."& !0" % +ก 3 !$%&*,, = %" 0%" กH"ก 4 C "* ."& = . ก 3 ! %%, ; ก / /"*! ;6 +ก 3 , & ,!0";."& " +/%&%., & " +&% " ", 41 RBก 5$D& 5ก" J"%+WG/E& 5;+'2" ' = mD+D$"E "<ก" P 7#F6*:!EA'F$J">M9ก" *4" I"G9/6$N44 EAB56M' ก" I=>-& 5;+'2" ' =R8*B"87&6$F"-+?- M"ก!+E ...*! ;3 &! * =Y /A +;."&ก 3 "0% C +"- ." . - . -. " "0% C .ก % . &4%5"6 *,, 6ก B; ! B 0"& ,6 !0" กก ก 3 A3I% + / "ก 42
40
Seidenfaden, Erik. Ibid., pp. 10-11. 2 :2+ก ;+BBTX8# AB5 4''= ;E0=6$2. ' . (ก E6$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*=#'<-, 2534), M-9" 6. 42 4''= ;E0=6$2. "#, M-9" 6. 41
18
>-%;"#6&Q-4 E .../AI."&>6 % + *,, =ก; ก 3 % + [/] "ก,, = + &/AI& @A กก 0%"&."& A3ก 0"" +% "&!0" 0"-ก*5% @A! C " & ก!0" !0"กกB, 43 8+E-+?- ก=$กD=/I ."& /& ."&; 0"& $&3 & %ก 3 > A3I*, > A3I!$%& & > A3I , , !ก 0"ก=$กD > A3I & > A3I , กB "., &ก;& %& =/I% 0%"& > A3I" & ,กB%& +& " & "%/3, & "& #$%&/-ก :,%& + "&6,4$& aก !0" "- . . .ก ก ก ก \ \ 44 ก7กIO 7P 6/กB+ก0I=AB5%;"#6&Q-7$!6&Q-6-L?/M" J"%+WG/E ก" 9"E<"'P >-TBก #+!>M#F %;"# J"6 N4>-ก" @"&-" +V<"'P 7#F789;+8ก+-$:O%;"#6G9#AGNEG/Eก/E$+* %;"##+OE%+OE$"E 62 0Vก4M L/%;"#64 Wก9";$"E;+'@ 6*:!E/!F"E68:!; M"กA'F'9/E*4" I"@3E 6/กB+ก0I=G/E<"'P K3OE6&Q- F;- J"%+W$:O FERB>M9 +V<"'A'FB5AMFE8J" E/!SFAB5*+,-"'F/7&789 6* "5 6/กB+ก0I=P $+?E >- 58+DD %%BAB5 58+D<"' 9"E4' J"-3กAB5%;"#' 5M-+ก S9;F" 6 "6&Q->% #"4"ก7M- #: %;"#6&Q-#"/!F"E7 AB5 +#*+-C=ก+D%-/LO-M L/<"'/LO-/!F"E7 P -/ก4"ก-:? 6/กB+ก0I=!+E>M9%;"# X"%XS#>4AB56&Q-2S-!= ;#G/E%->-< #<-M L/& 56$268:!;ก+- $+?E-:?6* "5 6/กB+ก0I=P 6&Q6% LO/ED/ก;F"'+;6 "6M#L/-AB5A'ก'F"E4"ก%-/LO-M L/<"'/LO-/!F"E7 $J"7#43E6&Q-6- #+!* 5649"B7$AMFEก E TG$+!6&Q-'J"-"-$"E2" -"$:O6กF"AกFAB5#:D$D"$#"ก$:O 8>-ก" 9"E 6/กB+ก0I=P G/E +E%# !"#กF/-ก" กJ"6-8 +V<"'>- #+! +<ก"B$:O 4 AB5 5 7' XS#* 5 F;EP <:?>M96MN-@3ETBก$+2-=AB5 *L?-V"-%;"#67' XS#P 6-9-%;"#6M#F '+?EA'F #+! +<ก"B$:O 4 6&Q-'9-#"
43
4''= ;E0=6$2. "#, M-9" 6. 4''= ;E0=6$2. %J">M9ก" G/ED I"Cก" P >- ) . (ก E6$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*=2B&;+,-C #, 2530), M-9" 124. 45 Sulak Sivaraksa. The Crisis of Siamese Identity.P In Natinal Identity and Its Defenders Thailand, 1939-1989, pp. 41-58. Edited by Craig J. Reynolds. (Glen Waverly, Victoria, Australia: Aristoc Press, 1991), p. 42. 44
19
J"M +D* 5D"$ #68N4* 54/#6กB9"649"/!SFM+;AB9; $F"-$ E6BNE6MN-@3E%;"#4J"6&Q->-ก" 6 :!- S9 ;$!"2" ' =AB5;+,-C #G/E'5;+-'ก6*LO/45-J"#"8+8A&BE>M9 /8%B9/Eก+D6/กB+ก0I=8+?E68# G/E7$! 6* "5 @"-ก" I=$"Eก" 6#L/E 5M;F"E& 56$2>- +< #+!G/E* 5/E%=AB5 +<ก"B'F/#" D:DD+E%+D>M9* 5 "M9$+- #+! $+?E>-$"E62 0Vก4 ก" 6#L/E ก" 23ก0" ก" $M" AB5;+,-C #46 X"!MB+Eก" &k S&ก" &ก% /E>- +< #+!G/E* 5D"$ #68N4* 54 B4/#6กB9"649"/!SFM+; 5M;F"E&[*.2. 2435-2445 /"4กBF";789;F" #68N4ก #* 5!"8J" E "<"- X"* + ก %&ก 4$& "ก กD6ก ;P47 'F/#" 6/กB+ก0I=G/E<"'AB5/ 8#ก" I=AMFE<"'$:O& 5ก/D89;! <"' 2" -" * 5#M"ก0+' !=P 6ก8G3?-* 9/#ก+DB+$C<"'-!#>- #+! +<ก"B$:O 6 6/กB+ก0I=8+EกBF";-:?& +D& E#" 4"ก/ 8#ก" I=AMFE<"'G/E M "- +E%# #+!>M#F & 5ก/D89;!B+ก0I5 J"%+W 3 & 5ก" 789AกF 1. ? กA@7ก@7D-
7 !-. 6#LO/*4" I"4"ก *+,-"ก" $"E& 5;+'2" ' =AB5กJ"6-8G/E +V<"'7$! #+!>M#F 2" ' "4" !=<" =B = %"! = -+ก #"- 0!;$!"AMFE#M";$!"B+!;/<E'+- -J"6 -/;F"%;"#6&Q-7$!/!SF$:Oก" ' 5M-+กAB5!/# +D %;"#A'ก'F"EMB"กMB"!$+?E>-$"E<"'*+-C =AB5;+,-C # $ ก;+--:? $ ก%- "#" @6&Q- %-7$!P 7896 #/ก+-@9"M"ก#:%;"# "#" @>-ก" *S8X"0"7$! 4E +กX+ก8:'F//E%=* 5#M"ก0+' !=AB5-+D@L/ 2" -">82" -"M-3OE$:O$"E "<ก" 7$!>M9ก" !/# +D $+?E-:?7#F789%J"-3E@3EG9/6$N44 E$:O;F"X"0" 8+?E68# @"-$:O6ก8M L/;+,-C #&B:ก!F/!>-A'FB5$9/E@O- >-$+2-5G/E$F"- %;"#6&Q-7$!789#" 4"กก" 6 :!- S9 ก" !/# +DAB5ก" &BSกHE 7#F>
Ibid. . 2; +ก0=. ) !dV
T "ก 1 !V^ก W 2. (ก E6$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*=6%BN87$!, 2525), M-9" 37-38. 48 Keyes, Charles F. . Politics of Ethnicity in Thailand. A Paper to Appear in Managing Ethnic Relations in Asia and the Pacific [tentative title]. Edited by Micheal Brown and Sanait Ganguly. Cambrige: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, n.d. 47
20
R #R "-$+?E>-$"E<"'*+-C =AB5;+,-C #G/E%-กB F#'F"E U 6M9#"/!SF F;#ก+-X"!>'96/กB+ก0I=AB5%;"#6&Q7$! F;#ก+- 8+EG9/6G:!-G/E$F"-$:O;F" ... /& +"!$%&" ,ก& @A #$%&" +> ก &0%"./H, "! C , ;; 0%", & , 3A=/ กก"& ก%&4;; C .../&$&/4! "! " "& ! "! ""0%*! . +ก ,ก ก0 "ก6 ก, &@A 49 /+-$:O4 EAB9; G9/6 -/8+EกBF";-:? . 2; +ก0=789-J"6 -/7;9>-&"Vก@"< 8 )P >;" 56mB#mB/E% D /Dก" กF/'+?Eก E +'-Tก -$ = 200 &[6#LO/ *.2. 2525 /!F"E<+864-;F" 0"% + =D%/4>/>/ก ก 0 0 " & C , + , * " " I%, ...*0" .""; 0"#$%&ก 0 "! /-! ก6 " & /- /-%/$ก* + 50 3. P!: O C:กSI Sก $AP 7P.I 6/กB+ก0I=AB5%;"#6&Q-7$!G9/-:?-J"6 -/T8! . 2; +ก0= -+ก%8 -+กก4ก #AB5-+ก;4" I= +E%# %- J"%+WG/E& 56$27$! $F"-<:?>M96MN-;F" ก +!0" 0 "!/กB0"! &% HD "HD ."& (7#F>-$F"#กB"Eก 5A ก" 6&B:O!-A&BE$"E62 0Vก4 ก" 6#L/EAB5;+,-C #G/E +V<"'7$! #+!>M#F
49
4''= ;E0=6$2. %J">M9ก" G/ED I"Cก" .P >- ) . 4''= ;E0=6$2, D I"Cก" . (ก E6$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*=2B&;+,-C #, 2530), M-9" 124. 50 . 2; +ก0=. ) !dV
T "ก 1 !V^ก W 2. (ก E6$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*=6%BN87$!, 2525), M-9" 12. 51 . 2; +ก0=. /J"-"4G/EX"0"AB5 @"D+-;<"ก" : 6*LO/>% .P dW#!\]
. 18,9 (ก กo"%# 2540): 195. 52 . 2; +ก0=. ) !dV
T "ก 1 !V^ก W 2. (ก E6$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*=6%BN87$!, 2525), M-9" 15, 32.
21
2. ก" RB'%;"# S96ก:O!;ก+D& 5;+'2" ' =<"'7$!AB5%;"#6&Q-#"G/E<-<"'7$! 6&Q F;-M-3OEG/E&kD+'ก" M L/ก" ><9/J"-"4$"Eก" 6#L/EG/E +V7$! 6*LO/ 9"E< #<->-4-'-"ก" (imagined community) G/E%->-<"'>-6&Q-/+-M-3OE/+-68:!;ก+3. & 5;+'2" ' =<"'7$!AB5%;"#6&Q-#"G/E<-<"'7$!ADFE//ก6&Q- mD+D$"E "<ก" P K3OE6&Q-; +!$+2-=6ก:O!;ก+D /8:'P $:O +V7$!>M9ก" /E +D AB5 mD+D$"E6BL/กP $:O -+ก;<"ก" F->M#FRB'G3?-6*LO/'/DT'9; +!$+2-=8+EกBF"; 4. 6;E;<"ก" AB5 +E%# #+!>M#F/:ก'F/7& 6* "56&Q-A-;%;"#%8$:O-J"7& SF/%' %;"#MBEE#E"!AB5 %;"#G+8A!9E$"E68 U 5. <"'*+-C = (ethnicity) B+ก0I5AB5G9/&kD+'$"E;+,-C #$:OADFEA!ก%-กB F#'F"E U //ก 4"กก+- <"'*+-C =6&Q-& "กkก" I=G/ETBก #+!>M#FAB56&Q-RBRB'T8!' EG/EกJ"6-8AB5 *+,-"ก" +V<"' #+!>M#F 6. <"' (nation) M#"!@3E < #<->-4-'-"ก" F;#ก+-G/E%-กB F#M-3OE K3OE'F"EกN!38@L/AB5 4E +กX+ก8:'F/ +WB+ก0I= @"D+-AB5 /8:'P F;#ก+- <"'P 6&Q--"#C #AB5@Sก 9"EG3?-T8! /J"-"4AB56$%T-TB!:AMFE/J"-"4G/E +V<"' #+!>M#F 7. +V<"' (nation-state) M#"!@3E +V S&ADDM-3OE & 5ก/D89;!8-A8-M L//"I"6G'$:O A-F-/- +VD"BกB"E#:/J"-"4 SE 8>-ก" D M" & 56$2 & 5<"ก 4J"-;-M-3OE AB5 J"-3กM L/ 4-'-"ก" F;#ก+-G/E%->-<"' 8. B+$C<"'-!# (nationalism) < 8G/E%;"#68& 56$2M-3OE$:O%->-<"''F"E!38@L/AB5>M9% I%F" F;#ก+RS9-J"& 56$2 9"E %;"#%8AB5/ 8#ก" I=6ก:O!;ก+D <"'P G3?-AB9;&BSกHE>M9ก+D& 5<"<- ก" 9"E2+' SG/E<"'6&Q;C:ก" $:O#:& 5 $CX"*#"ก$:O 8>-ก" ก 5' 9-B+$C<"'-!# 9. %-7'/7$ M#"!@3E กB F#%-$:O*S8X"0"' 5กSB7'M L/7$$:Oก 54"!ก+-/!SF>-D 6;I ARF-8->MWFG/E6/6<:!/"%6-!= 10. %-7$! M#"!@3E& 5<"ก G/E& 56$27$! K3OE6&Q- #"<กG/E< #<->-4-'-"ก" G/E +V<"'7$! #+!>M#F T8!7#F4J"ก+8<"'กJ"6-8 2" -" X"0"M L/;+,-C #6m*"5$:OA'ก'F"Eก+//ก7& 11. M-+E L/6 LO/E #!ก A'FET8!G -;4' #"' " ( EF" ก"W4-"%*+-C =) 6&Q-'J" "6BF# J"%+W$:O 8G/E& 5;+'2" ' =<"'7$! mD+D$"E "<ก" P K3OE6
22
12. 7'P #:%;"#M#"!' Eก+D 7$!>MWFP AB5 7$P ' Eก+D 7$!-9/!P >-ก" 4+8 ADFEกB F#D *D 0<-<"'7$!>- 5!56 O#A ก 13. 4' XS#2+ก8=;6% "5M=%J"6 :!กM96MN-;F" -D 6;I & 56$27$!&H44 D+-#"กF/14. +V<"'7$! #+!>M#F6 O#'9-89;!6M' ก" I= J"%+W$"E& 5;+'2" ' = 2 /!F"E 789AกF ก" BE-"#>- -C +WW"D"; OEAB5 -C +WW"'F"E U 6*LO/6&8& 56$2$+?E>-$"Eก" 6#L/E 62 0Vก4 AB5;+,-C #>- #+! +<ก"B$:O 4 AB5ก" &k S&ก" &ก% /E 5M;F"E>- #+! +<ก"B$:O 5 5M;F"E *.2. 2435-2445 15. B+$C<"'-!#G/E !"#6 O#'9-/!F"E4 E4+E>- #+! +<ก"B$:O 6 T8!ก" !386/"%-4:-6&Q2+' SG/E<"' +<ก"B$:O 6 $ E6&Q-RS9>M9กJ"6-8/ 8#ก" I=<"'7$!$:O& 5ก/D89;! <"' 2" -" * 5#M"ก0+' !=P 16. ก" &k;+'6&B:O!-A&BEก" &ก% /EG/E%I5 "0o =6#LO/;+-$:O 24 #@ -"!- 2475 6&Q4 86 O#'9-G/Eก" &ก% /E 5D/D& 5<"C&7'!$:O#:/E%=* 5#M"ก0+' !=6&Q-& 5# G>-& 56$2 7$! 17. 4/#*B &. *DSB E% "#6&Q--"!ก +V#-' :$:O8J"6---T!D"! +V-!#AB5<"'-!#6*LO/ 9"E<"'>--&[ *.2. 2482 18. & 5;+'2" ' =<"'7$! mD+D$"E "<ก" P >M9%;"# J"%+Wก+D$n0o:/*!* 6MWF 6/6<:!'5;+-//ก6m:!E>'9 ( ;##IYB!S-"-G/E4:-) ;+,-C #AB56/กB+ก0I=$"E<"'*+-C =6M9%-7$/7'กB F#'F"E U 6ก:O!;G9/E +#*+-C=ก+- 7#F>-ก" 6G:!-& 5;+'2" ' = mD+D$"E "<ก" P %L/ 6*LO/ 9"E%;"#6&Q/+-M-3OE/+-68:!;ก+-G/E%->-<"' 6-9-%;"#X"%XS#>4>-<-<"' AB5 9"E%;"#M9ก+D<-<+?-RS9-J"G/E7$! 21. 6M' RB J"%+W>-ก" 6G:!-& 5;+'2" ' = mD+D$"E6BL/กP %L/ 6*LO/-J"6 -/MB+กV"AB5G9/%9-*D>M#F$"E& 5;+'2" ' =AB5#"- 0!;$!" AB5-J"6 -/ ; +!$+2-=P $"E6BL/ก>ก" 23ก0"& 5;+'2" ' =AB5%;"#6&Q-#"G/E%-7$! 22. 6/กB+ก0I=G/E%-7$!$:O6กF"AกF$:O 8& "กk/!SF>-M-+E L/ V f)W_ $ K3OEA'FEG3?>- +< #+!G/E*W"B7$AMFEก E TG$+!
23
23. #68N4ก #* 5!"8J" E "<"- X"*$ E-J"6 -/;F" 6/กB+ก0I=G/E%-7$!& 5ก/D89;! B+ก0I5*620 3 & 5ก" 789AกF %-7$! +ก6/ก "< %-7$! S94+ก& 5 "-& 5T!<-= AB5%-7$! 6กB:!8;ME C #M L/ก" 6D:!86D:!24. 6/กB+ก0I=AB5%;"#6&Q-7$!>- +E%# #+!>M#F %; & 5ก/D89;!B+ก0I5 J"%+W 3 & 5ก" 789AกF !/# +D%;"#A'ก'F"EMB"กMB"!$"E;+,-C #AB5<"'*+-C = %;"# "#" @>-ก" MBF/MB/#M L/ 9"E%;"#6&Q-/+-M-3OE/+-68:!;4"ก%;"#A'ก'F"EMB"กMB"! ;#$+?E><9X"0"7$! X+ก8:'F/%;"#6&Q-7$! 6%" *AB5>M9% I%F"'F/%;"#6&Q-#- 0!= ก C 4' XS#2+ก8(. !#1" %_ $. ก E6$*#M"-% : #SB-CT% Eก" 'J" " +E%#2" ' = AB5#- 0!2" ' =, 2524. 4' XS#2+ก8(. S% #"#$S"#$#!กTU$ !S VW SX W VWS. mD+D #DS I=. *#*=% +?E$:O 3. ก E6$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*=2!"#, 2533[2519]. C8" " 5!". ก$. ก E6$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*=2!"#, 2537[2531]. & 5*+,-= ' :I E%=. ก YZ[Y)!\]
!ก 1 !V^ก W 2. ก E6$*#M"-% : %I5ก #ก" 6/กB+ก0I=G/E<"', J"-+ก6BG"Cก" -"!ก +V#-' :, 2526. ;4' #"' ", G - ( EF" ก"W4-"%*+-C =). #!ก. *#*=% +?E$:O 7. ก E6$*#M"-% : D+IY'ก" *#*=, 2518[2471]. ;4' ;"$ก" , MB;E. VW"#$ S VW. * 5-% : ก E6$*;+,XS#, 2513. 2 :2+ก ;+BBTX8# AB5 4''= ;E0=6$2. ' . ก E6$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*=#'<-, 2534.
24
. 2; +ก0= (-"#AE). ) !dV
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. 18, 9 (ก กo"%# 2540): 185-96. 6 V:! Tก622 (-"#AE). S VW. * 5-% : J"-+ก*#*=D I"%" , 2515[2484]. 4''= ;E0=6$2. 2B&;+,-C #AB5 X"*A;8B9/#G/ERS9%->-' 5กSB7$!-B";กB F#'F"E UP >) , M-9" 112-121. 4''= ;E0=6$2, D I"Cก" . ก E6$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*= 2B&;+,-C #, 2530. 4''= ;E0=6$2. ) 1T2. ก E6$*#M"-% : #M";!"B+!2B&"ก F;#ก+D J"-+ก*#*=2B&;+,-C #, 2537. 6-' < '-C "--$=. D$%;"#-J"6 -/.P >- C8" " 5!". ก$, M-9" 8-23. *#*= % +?E$:O /E. ก E6$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*=2!"#, 2537. !" # $% &'(AB5%I5. W]W S: _W]ก
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. -% "< :#": M9/E7$!23ก0"-$+2-=, J"-+ก;<"6$%T-TB!: +E%#, #M";$!"B+! 6$%T-TB!: -" :, 2540. (6/ก " /+8 J"6-"). Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London and New York: Verson, 1991. Bentley, G. Carter. Ethnicity and Practice.P Comparative Studies in Society and History. 29, (1987):24-55. Dodd, William Clifton. The Tai Race: Elder Brother of the Chinese. Cedar Rapids, Iowa: The Torch Press, 1923.
25
Giddens, Anthony. Sociology. Second Edition. London: Polity Press, 1991. Keyes, Charles F. Ethnicity, Ethnic Group,P to appear in Thomas J. Barfield (ed.), The Blackwell Dictionary of Anthropology. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, n.d. Keyes, Charles F. Nation,P to appear in Thomas J. Barfield (ed.), The Blackwell Dictionary of Anthropology. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, n.d. Keyes, Charles F. . Politics of Ethnicity in Thailand. A Paper to Appear in Managing Ethnic Relations in Asia and the Pacific [tentative title]. Edited by Michael Brown and Sanait Ganguly. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, n.d. Seidenfaden, Erik. The Thai People, Book 1. Bangkok: The Siam Society, 1963. Sulak Sivaraksa. The Crisis of Siamese Identity.P In National Identity and Its Defenders: Thailand, 1939-1989, pp. 41-58. Edited by Craig J. Reynolds. Glen Waverly, Victoria, Australia: Aristoc Press, 1991. Thongchai Winichakul. Siam Mapped: A History of the Geo-Body of a Nation. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1994.
1
6/ก " & 5ก/D%J"D !"! "!;<" 7$!23ก0"P "G";<"23ก0"$+O;7& J"-+ก;<"6$%T-TB!: +E%# #M";$!"B+!6$%T-TB!: -" : &[ก" 23ก0" 2540-2541 /"4" !=& 54J" "G";<"23ก0"$+O;7& J"-+ก;<"6$%T-TB!: +E%# #M";$!"B+!6$%T-TB!: -" : /J"6X/6#L/E 4+EM;+8-% "< :#" 30000 3 -+ก;4+!& 54J"M9/E7$!23ก0"-$+2-= AB5-+ก23ก0"& WW"6/ก Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA. (2538-&H44 D+-) 2
2
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7
Giddens, Anthony. Ibid, pp. 252-53. Bentley, G. Carter. Ethnicity and Practice.P Comparative Studies in Society and History. 29, (1987): 24-55. 9 Keyes, Charles F. Ethnicity, Ethnic Group,P to appear in Thomas J. Barfield (ed.), The Blackwell Dictionary of Anthropology. (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, n.d.). 8
5
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10
Keyes, Charles F. Nation,P to appear in Thomas J. Barfield (ed.), The Blackwell Dictionary of Anthropology. (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, n.d.). Giddens, Anthony. Ibid, p. 758. 12 Giddens, Anthony. Ibid, p. 758. 13 Thongchai Winichakul. Siam Mapped: A History of the Geo-boboy of a Nation. (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1994). 14 Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. (London and Nw York: Verson, 1991). 11
6
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Seidenfaden, Erik. The Thai Peoples. Book I. (Bangkok: The Siam Society, 1963), p. 11.
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6 LO/E68:!;ก+-, M-9" 152.
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4' XS#2+ก8( 23ก0"< #<-TD "IB F#A#F-?J"กกAB5B F#A#F-?J"649"* 5!" ;#$+?EMB+กV"'J"-"-AB52B"4" 3กMB+ก'F"E U *D;F" !+E#:< #<-TD "I/:กMB"!AMFE>-D 6;IX"%6M-L/'/-DAB5X"%กB"E K3OE "#" @ +--0V"-789;F"6&Q-< #<-$:O6กF"AกFก;F"/"I"4+ก TG$+!>-D 6;IB F# A#F-?J"!# $F"--J"6 -/;F" M"ก7#F7&!38'8 6*8"-P %;"#%8$"E& 5;+'2" ' =$:O;F" TG$+!6&Q "
2.2 D-
7ก NND-
-+ก& 5;+'2" ' =กB F#-:?6
4' XS#2+ก8(. !#1" %_ $. (ก E6$*#M"-% : #SB-CT% Eก" 'J" " +E%#2" ' =AB5#- 0!2" ' =, 2524). 6-' < '-C "--$=. /9"EAB9;, M-9" 16-17. 35 C8" " 5!". ก$. (ก E6$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*=2!"#, 2537), M-9" 45. 36 /9"EAB9;, M-9" 65. 37 4''= ;E0=6$2. 2B&;+,-C #AB5 X"*A;8B9/#G/ERS9%->-' 5กSB7$!-B";กB F#'F"E UP >- ) . 4''= ;E0=6$2, D I"Cก" . (ก E6$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*=2B&;+,-C #, 2530), M-9" 114-115. 34
16
2.3 %&$ !-. A A " -+ก& 5;+'2" ' =กB F#-:?!L-!+-;F" 6
4''= ;E0=6$2. "#, M-9" 5. 2 :2+ก ;+BBTX8# AB5 4''= ;E0=6$2. "#, M-9" 86.
3939
17
6-LO/E4"ก6M' RB$"E;<"ก" $:O'9/Eก" -J"6 -/MB+กV"-AB5G9/%9-*D>M#F$"E& 5;+'2" ' = GI568:!;ก+-กN6&Q-ก" $9"$"!/J"-"4 +V>-ก" -J"6 -/ ; +!$+2-=P 6ก:O!;ก+D /8:'P G/E<"' T8!-+!AB9; -+ก;<"ก" "#" @-J"6 -/%;"# S96ก:O!;ก+D /8:'P G/E<"'7$!AB5%-7$!789 T8!$:O %;"# S9<-8-:?7#F@Sก4J"ก+8/!SF>-ก /D/J"-"4G/E +V/:ก'F/7& >- +E%#TBก #+!>M#F %;"# S9P AB5 /J"-"4P G/E +V4J"6&Q-'9/E789 +Dก" ' ;4 /D#"กG3?-T8!6m*"5ก" ' ;4 /D4"ก-+ก;<"ก" $:O#: %;"#6<:O!;<"WAB56&Q-/ 54"กก" %;D% #G/E +V ก !-. Erik Seidenfaden & 5#"Iก" ;F">- ";กF/- E% "#TBก% +?E$:O /E กB F#%-7$/7'#:/!SF $+?EM#8 5M;F"E 21-23 B9"-%- & 5<"ก F;->MWF/"2+!/!SF>-& 56$27$! >-$+2-5G/E$F"-%กB F#-:?7#F>
40
Seidenfaden, Erik. Ibid., pp. 10-11. 2 :2+ก ;+BBTX8# AB5 4''= ;E0=6$2. ' . (ก E6$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*=#'<-, 2534), M-9" 6. 42 4''= ;E0=6$2. "#, M-9" 6. 41
18
>-%;"#6&Q-4 E .../AI."&>6 % + *,, =ก; ก 3 % + [/] "ก,, = + &/AI& @A กก 0%"&."& A3ก 0"" +% "&!0" 0"-ก*5% @A! C " & ก!0" !0"กกB, 43 8+E-+?- ก=$กD=/I ."& /& ."&; 0"& $&3 & %ก 3 > A3I*, > A3I!$%& & > A3I , , !ก 0"ก=$กD > A3I & > A3I , กB "., &ก;& %& =/I% 0%"& > A3I" & ,กB%& +& " & "%/3, & "& #$%&/-ก :,%& + "&6,4$& aก !0" "- . . .ก ก ก ก \ \ 44 ก7กIO 7P 6/กB+ก0I=AB5%;"#6&Q-7$!6&Q-6-L?/M" J"%+WG/E ก" 9"E<"'P >-TBก #+!>M#F %;"# J"6 N4>-ก" @"&-" +V<"'P 7#F789;+8ก+-$:O%;"#6G9#AGNEG/Eก/E$+* %;"##+OE%+OE$"E 62 0Vก4M L/%;"#64 Wก9";$"E;+'@ 6*:!E/!F"E68:!; M"กA'F'9/E*4" I"@3E 6/กB+ก0I=G/E<"'P K3OE6&Q- F;- J"%+W$:O FERB>M9 +V<"'A'FB5AMFE8J" E/!SFAB5*+,-"'F/7&789 6* "5 6/กB+ก0I=P $+?E >- 58+DD %%BAB5 58+D<"' 9"E4' J"-3กAB5%;"#' 5M-+ก S9;F" 6 "6&Q->% #"4"ก7M- #: %;"#6&Q-#"/!F"E7 AB5 +#*+-C=ก+D%-/LO-M L/<"'/LO-/!F"E7 P -/ก4"ก-:? 6/กB+ก0I=!+E>M9%;"# X"%XS#>4AB56&Q-2S-!= ;#G/E%->-< #<-M L/& 56$268:!;ก+- $+?E-:?6* "5 6/กB+ก0I=P 6&Q6% LO/ED/ก;F"'+;6 "6M#L/-AB5A'ก'F"E4"ก%-/LO-M L/<"'/LO-/!F"E7 $J"7#43E6&Q-6
43
4''= ;E0=6$2. "#, M-9" 6. 4''= ;E0=6$2. %J">M9ก" G/ED I"Cก" P >- ) . (ก E6$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*=2B&;+,-C #, 2530), M-9" 124. 45 Sulak Sivaraksa. The Crisis of Siamese Identity.P In Natinal Identity and Its Defenders Thailand, 1939-1989, pp. 41-58. Edited by Craig J. Reynolds. (Glen Waverly, Victoria, Australia: Aristoc Press, 1991), p. 42. 44
19
J"M +D* 5D"$ #68N4* 54/#6กB9"649"/!SFM+;AB9; $F"-$ E6BNE6MN-@3E%;"#4J"6&Q->-ก" 6 :!- S9 ;$!"2" ' =AB5;+,-C #G/E'5;+-'ก6*LO/45-J"#"8+8A&BE>M9 /8%B9/Eก+D6/กB+ก0I=8+?E68# G/E7$! 6* "5 @"-ก" I=$"Eก" 6#L/E 5M;F"E& 56$2>- +< #+!G/E* 5/E%=AB5 +<ก"B'F/#" D:DD+E%+D>M9* 5 "M9$+- #+! $+?E>-$"E62 0Vก4 ก" 6#L/E ก" 23ก0" ก" $M" AB5;+,-C #46 X"!MB+Eก" &k S&ก" &ก% /E>- +< #+!G/E* 5D"$ #68N4* 54 B4/#6กB9"649"/!SFM+; 5M;F"E&[*.2. 2435-2445 /"4กBF";789;F" #68N4ก #* 5!"8J" E "<"- X"* + ก %&ก 4$& "ก กD
7 !-. 6#LO/*4" I"4"ก *+,-"ก" $"E& 5;+'2" ' =AB5กJ"6-8G/E +V<"'7$! #+!>M#F 2" ' "4" !=<" =B = %"! = -+ก #"- 0!;$!"AMFE#M";$!"B+!;/<E'+- -J"6 -/;F"%;"#6&Q-7$!/!SF$:Oก" ' 5M-+กAB5!/# +D %;"#A'ก'F"EMB"กMB"!$+?E>-$"E<"'*+-C =AB5;+,-C # $ ก;+--:? $ ก%- "#" @6&Q- %-7$!P 7896 #/ก+-@9"M"ก#:%;"# "#" @>-ก" *S8X"0"7$! 4E +กX+ก8:'F//E%=* 5#M"ก0+' !=AB5-+D@L/ 2" -">82" -"M-3OE$:O$"E "<ก" 7$!>M9ก" !/# +D $+?E-:?7#F789%J"-3E@3EG9/6$N44 E$:O;F"X"0" 8+?E68# @"-$:O6ก8M L/;+,-C #&B:ก!F/!>-A'FB5$9/E@O- >-$+2-5G/E$F"- %;"#6&Q-7$!789#" 4"กก" 6 :!- S9 ก" !/# +DAB5ก" &BSกHE 7#F>
Ibid. . 2; +ก0=. ) !dV
T "ก 1 !V^ก W 2. (ก E6$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*=6%BN87$!, 2525), M-9" 37-38. 48 Keyes, Charles F. . Politics of Ethnicity in Thailand. A Paper to Appear in Managing Ethnic Relations in Asia and the Pacific [tentative title]. Edited by Micheal Brown and Sanait Ganguly. Cambrige: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, n.d. 47
20
R #R "-$+?E>-$"E<"'*+-C =AB5;+,-C #G/E%-กB F#'F"E U 6
49
4''= ;E0=6$2. %J">M9ก" G/ED I"Cก" .P >- ) . 4''= ;E0=6$2, D I"Cก" . (ก E6$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*=2B&;+,-C #, 2530), M-9" 124. 50 . 2; +ก0=. ) !dV
T "ก 1 !V^ก W 2. (ก E6$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*=6%BN87$!, 2525), M-9" 12. 51 . 2; +ก0=. /J"-"4G/EX"0"AB5 @"D+-;<"ก" : 6*LO/>% .P dW#!\]
. 18,9 (ก กo"%# 2540): 195. 52 . 2; +ก0=. ) !dV
T "ก 1 !V^ก W 2. (ก E6$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*=6%BN87$!, 2525), M-9" 15, 32.
21
2. ก" RB'%;"# S96ก:O!;ก+D& 5;+'2" ' =<"'7$!AB5%;"#6&Q-#"G/E<-<"'7$! 6&Q F;-M-3OEG/E&kD+'ก" M L/ก" ><9/J"-"4$"Eก" 6#L/EG/E +V7$! 6*LO/ 9"E< #<->-4-'-"ก" (imagined community) G/E%->-<"'>-6&Q-/+-M-3OE/+-68:!;ก+3. & 5;+'2" ' =<"'7$!AB5%;"#6&Q-#"G/E<-<"'7$!ADFE//ก6&Q- mD+D$"E "<ก" P K3OE6&Q-; +!$+2-=6ก:O!;ก+D /8:'P $:O +V7$!>M9ก" /E +D AB5 mD+D$"E6BL/กP $:O -+ก;<"ก" F->M#FRB'G3?-6*LO/'/DT'9; +!$+2-=8+EกBF"; 4. 6
22
12. 7'P #:%;"#M#"!' Eก+D 7$!>MWFP AB5 7$P ' Eก+D 7$!-9/!P >-ก" 4+8 ADFEกB F#D *D 0<-<"'7$!>- 5!56 O#A ก 13. 4' XS#2+ก8=;6% "5M=%J"6 :!ก
23
23. #68N4ก #* 5!"8J" E "<"- X"*$ E-J"6 -/;F" 6/กB+ก0I=G/E%-7$!& 5ก/D89;! B+ก0I5*620 3 & 5ก" 789AกF %-7$! +ก6/ก "< %-7$! S94+ก& 5 "-& 5T!<-= AB5%-7$! 6กB:!8;ME C #M L/ก" 6D:!86D:!24. 6/กB+ก0I=AB5%;"#6&Q-7$!>- +E%# #+!>M#F %; & 5ก/D89;!B+ก0I5 J"%+W 3 & 5ก" 789AกF !/# +D%;"#A'ก'F"EMB"กMB"!$"E;+,-C #AB5<"'*+-C = %;"# "#" @>-ก" MBF/MB/#M L/ 9"E%;"#6&Q-/+-M-3OE/+-68:!;4"ก%;"#A'ก'F"EMB"กMB"! ;#$+?E><9X"0"7$! X+ก8:'F/%;"#6&Q-7$! 6%" *AB5>M9% I%F"'F/%;"#6&Q-#- 0!= ก C 4' XS#2+ก8(. !#1" %_ $. ก E6$*#M"-% : #SB-CT% Eก" 'J" " +E%#2" ' = AB5#- 0!2" ' =, 2524. 4' XS#2+ก8(. S% #"#$S"#$#!กTU$ !S VW SX W VWS. mD+D #DS I=. *#*=% +?E$:O 3. ก E6$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*=2!"#, 2533[2519]. C8" " 5!". ก$. ก E6$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*=2!"#, 2537[2531]. & 5*+,-= ' :I E%=. ก YZ[Y)!\]
!ก 1 !V^ก W 2. ก E6$*#M"-% : %I5ก #ก" 6/กB+ก0I=G/E<"', J"-+ก6BG"Cก" -"!ก +V#-' :, 2526. ;4' #"' ", G - ( EF" ก"W4-"%*+-C =). #!ก. *#*=% +?E$:O 7. ก E6$*#M"-% : D+IY'ก" *#*=, 2518[2471]. ;4' ;"$ก" , MB;E. VW"#$ S VW. * 5-% : ก E6$*;+,XS#, 2513. 2 :2+ก ;+BBTX8# AB5 4''= ;E0=6$2. ' . ก E6$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*=#'<-, 2534.
24
. 2; +ก0= (-"#AE). ) !dV
T "ก 1 !V^ก W 2. ก E6$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*=6%BN87$!, 2525. . 2; +ก0= (-"#AE). /J"-"4G/EX"0"AB5 @"D+-;<"ก" : 6*LO/>% .P dW#!\]
. 18, 9 (ก กo"%# 2540): 185-96. 6 V:! Tก622 (-"#AE). S VW. * 5-% : J"-+ก*#*=D I"%" , 2515[2484]. 4''= ;E0=6$2. 2B&;+,-C #AB5 X"*A;8B9/#G/ERS9%->-' 5กSB7$!-B";กB F#'F"E UP >) , M-9" 112-121. 4''= ;E0=6$2, D I"Cก" . ก E6$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*= 2B&;+,-C #, 2530. 4''= ;E0=6$2. ) 1T2. ก E6$*#M"-% : #M";!"B+!2B&"ก F;#ก+D J"-+ก*#*=2B&;+,-C #, 2537. 6-' < '-C "--$=. D$%;"#-J"6 -/.P >- C8" " 5!". ก$, M-9" 8-23. *#*= % +?E$:O /E. ก E6$*#M"-% : J"-+ก*#*=2!"#, 2537. !" # $% &'(AB5%I5. W]W S: _W]ก
SgYhS#S !!
. -% "< :#": M9/E7$!23ก0"-$+2-=, J"-+ก;<"6$%T-TB!: +E%#, #M";$!"B+! 6$%T-TB!: -" :, 2540. (6/ก " /+8 J"6-"). Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London and New York: Verson, 1991. Bentley, G. Carter. Ethnicity and Practice.P Comparative Studies in Society and History. 29, (1987):24-55. Dodd, William Clifton. The Tai Race: Elder Brother of the Chinese. Cedar Rapids, Iowa: The Torch Press, 1923.
25
Giddens, Anthony. Sociology. Second Edition. London: Polity Press, 1991. Keyes, Charles F. Ethnicity, Ethnic Group,P to appear in Thomas J. Barfield (ed.), The Blackwell Dictionary of Anthropology. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, n.d. Keyes, Charles F. Nation,P to appear in Thomas J. Barfield (ed.), The Blackwell Dictionary of Anthropology. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, n.d. Keyes, Charles F. . Politics of Ethnicity in Thailand. A Paper to Appear in Managing Ethnic Relations in Asia and the Pacific [tentative title]. Edited by Michael Brown and Sanait Ganguly. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, n.d. Seidenfaden, Erik. The Thai People, Book 1. Bangkok: The Siam Society, 1963. Sulak Sivaraksa. The Crisis of Siamese Identity.P In National Identity and Its Defenders: Thailand, 1939-1989, pp. 41-58. Edited by Craig J. Reynolds. Glen Waverly, Victoria, Australia: Aristoc Press, 1991. Thongchai Winichakul. Siam Mapped: A History of the Geo-Body of a Nation. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1994.
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