Paddling The Pacific Coast and Beyond
april–june 2008
WaveLength MAGAZINE
Skills and Safety The Scoop Rescue PM 40010049
Making Your Tow System Work For You Emergency Mapping and Messaging Plus P&H Cetus Kayak Review • Wilderness First Aid Finding Your Edge • Wooden Boats of Egypt
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photo: Ecomarine Coastal Kayaking School
Contents 18 The Scoop Rescue
10 Strings Attached Of all the kit sea kayakers lug around, tow systems are perhaps the most befuddling. Second only to the skeg-versus-rudder holy wars, tow systems generate the most ongoing debates among experienced paddlers. by Neil Schulman
13 Emergency Mapping and Messaging with SPOT From the East Coast by Adam Bolonsky From the West Coast by John Harper
16 Finding the Edge
20 Wilderness First Aid When kayakers talk “safety,” we discuss rescue techniques, the importance of good seamanship, and the fine art of weather forecast interpretation. by Alex Matthews
38 The Ocean May Eat You Every now and then I would feel a shadow, and look up to see a face careening in towards shore. The only way out was to edge hard, and carve an outside-leaning turn up the face of the wave by Dan Lewis
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Skillset The concept behind the scoop rescue is to absolutely minimize the effort required from the swimmer. by Alex Matthews
WaveLength Magazine
april–june 2008
Kayakers are like schooling fish. We venture into an immense ocean full of scary predators, but we find safety and comfort in numbers. by Bryan Nichols
6 Peter Marcus
by Alex Matthews
Regular Contributors
9 Editorial
Dan Armitage is a boating, fishing and travel writer based in the Midwest. He is a licensed (USCG Master) captain, hosts a syndicated radio show, and presents kayak fishing and photography seminars at boat shows.
22 The "Day Bag"
Getting Started by Alex Matthews
24 North Water: Quick Release Sea Link
Gear Locker by Alex Matthews
26
Adam Bolonsky is a kayak fishing guide and fitness expert, based near Gloucester, Massachusetts.
26 Racing for Skills and Confidence
You can read Adam’s lively blog at paddlingtravelers.blogspot.com
by Dian Weimer
28 P&H Cetus
Kayak Review by Alex Matthews
30
Vancouver Island Paddlefest
32
by Aaron Bichard
32 Skills & Safety Directory
Hilary Masson, our Paddle Meals contributor, is a guide and part owner of Baja Kayak Adventure Tours Ltd. www.bajakayakadventures.com
42 Rigging for Fishing
Fishing Angles by Dan Armitage
44
Wooden Boats of Egypt
46
Kayak Jim's Famous Tequila Eggs
Alex Matthews is WaveLength’s gear reviewer and writes our paddling skills columns. He has authored and co-authored several kayaking skills books and has been involved in the design and development of kayaks.
[email protected]
by James Michael Dorsey
Paddling Meals by Hilary Masson
48 Book Reviews 49
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44
Bryan Nichols is a marine biologist and science writer from Vancouver Island who is currently working on a PhD and a tan in Tampa. He’d probably get done quicker if he wasn’t trying to kayak around all of Florida’s Gulf Coast barrier islands.
WaveLength Bookstore
52 Events 54 Coastal News
Neil Schulman’s writing and photography have appeared in numerous magazines and publications. He also does environmental work in Portland, Oregon.
56 The Marketplace 60 Loafer’s Log
© Wade Norton photo
Dan Lewis operates Rainforest Kayak Adventures in Tofino with Bonny Glambeck. 250-984-2307 www.rainforestkayak.com
© Mark Hobson photo
by Ron Mumford
april–june 2008
WaveLength Magazine
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Peter Marcus February 20, 1955 - January 11th, 2008
by Alex Matthews (with thanks to Alan Wilson for his comments on WaveLength history)
P
eter Marcus, founder and co-owner of Gabriola Cycle and Kay- I next heard the words “Gabriola Island.” Peter was so synonymous with ak Outfitters, co-founder of WaveLength Magazine, founding Gabriola for me, that I thought that I might simply fail to conjure anymember of the Sea Kayak Guides Alliance of BC, father, husband, thing at all. But then I realized the obvious truth: I would do what I’ve brother, and friend to so many, died peacefully at home this January fol- always done—think of Peter, and smile. lowing a brief illness. He was 52. A gathering to celebrate Peter’s life will be held on Gabriola Island June Peter lived a remarkable life, rich with friends, family, travel, commu- 14th 2008. To get future updates on the June celebration, go to www.gck. nity and fun. Truly a one-of-a-kind original, Peter was a force of nature, a ca/memorial.php and add your email address to the update list. true mover and shaker, and above all else, a giver. At 6′ 7″ tall he was a very GCK’s 2008 bicycle tours to Mexico, Spain and France, and kayak big man, but he had an even bigger heart. He had so many friends and tours to Gwaii Haanas will continue as scheduled according to Peter and contacts everywhere, and he was always the man with the plan—in the his wife Ana’s wishes. midst of a tornado (often of his own creation) he was the calm at its center. Here’s a sampling of the beautiful letters that came in from the kayak He had many talents, but perhaps his most remarkcommunity for Peter as they learned of his illness. able trait was his ability to make everyone feel truly From Peter Allen, Salt Spring Kayaking: The first welcome. Peter never booked clients on trips—he time I met you was when you corkscrewed out of an imwelcomed friends. This care to put people at their possibly small tent in the dusty compound of the Villas ease and to smooth their way through challenges de Loreto, camping under the bows of your trusty kayaks was a hallmark of how he lived his life. His concern with your beautiful wife. I thought, “this guy’s got it going for others and his incredible grace of spirit extended on, living the dream.” We made our luck, you and I, to to his last days. Even gravely ill, Peter took great care paddle for a (modest) living in transcendent watery corwith those around him, instigating laughter, and ners of the world. You are the most generous person, bar bravely leading the way as always. none, that I have ever met. You set a standard for wonderA few years ago, Peter was quoted in a local newsful, respectful treatment of friends and guests alike and paper as saying the thing he was most proud of in staff too. his career was helping to launch WaveLength MagFrom Cal Macdonald, University of Calgary: azine (in 1991). While the magazine was indeed a You are an honest person who tried to look out for and three-way effort, based on the expertise of partners give assistance to just about everyone. I made a few calls Alan Wilson and Howard Stiff in computer layout desperate for help, once with four hours to spare, and you and publishing, Peter brought start-up money to the managed to get a guide in place for me that night. Most table, as well as a wealth of contacts in the paddling WaveLength co-founders (left to right): people would have considered it as competition and industry. Above all, it was his “let’s do it” attitude Howard Stiff, Peter Marcus, Alan Wilson would have been happy to see our trip cancel—not you. and the high regard in which he was held by his colleagues that ensured the successful launch and promotion of the project You defended small companies many times when you were on the executive with in the early years. And despite his increasing focus on his own business the Sea Kayak Guides’ Alliance, preventing walls from being built, and you built (Gabriola Cycle & Kayak) which soon took him away from the magazine, bridges. he was always quick to provide boats and guides for events—especially From one of his long-term guides: Peter was a great great person. I know for another of his inspirations, the Ocean Kayak Festival, which for five that I would not be the person I am or where I am today without having met and years provided funds for the magazine. Peter’s magnetic personality and known him. Every day, I am incredibly thankful that I met Peter Marcus. He gentle but commanding presence ensured that these projects grew and changed my life. flourished even as they spun out of his immediate orbit. Like all prime As one of Peter’s dearest friends remarked on his passing, “There goes movers, the effects of his work continue to this day. Peter, scouting out another low-budget adventure route for the rest of us…”. When the terrible news of Peter’s passing came, for some reason, one Paddle on, Pedro. of my first reactions was to wonder what I could possibly think of when 6
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april–june 2008
Trip Essentials
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Pots Stovetop oven Stovetop toaster Selection of wines Coffee grinder Espresso maker Folding sink Dining tarp Folding table Folding chairs Gas lantern Hammock Nature guides Novels Poetry Mask, snorkel, fins Easel, canvas, paints, brushes
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PADDLER’S PICK
“IT’S HERE”
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D K L. Maple Ridge, BC, Canada www.deltakayaks.com 604-460-6544
editorial
WaveLength magazine
April–June 2008
Volume 18, Number 2 PM No. 40010049
Editor – Diana Mumford
[email protected] Publisher – Ron Mumford
[email protected] Copy Editing – Jenni Gehlbach Marketing – Frank Croft
[email protected] Ben Mumford
[email protected] Webmaster – Paul Rudyk Writing not otherwise credited is by WL staff. Cover Photo: Deep Cove Canoe and Kayak Center
Safe paddling is an individual responsibility. We recommend that inexperienced paddlers seek expert instruction and advice about local conditions, have all the required gear and know how to use it. The publishers of this magazine and its contributors are not responsible for how the information in these pages is used by others. WaveLength is an independent magazine available free at hundreds of print distribution sites (paddling shops, outdoor stores, fitness clubs, marinas, events, etc.), and globally on the web. Also available by subscription. Articles, photos, events, news are all welcome.
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his issue of WaveLength focuses on the skills and safety aspect of paddling—so important for the enjoyment of a sport that can be both benign and treacherous depending on circumstances and your capability to handle changing conditions, that we keep coming back to it annually. Probably the single most important word I can think of in terms of safety on the water, no matter what level of skill you possess, is awareness. You need to have a clear and realistic awareness of your ability to handle the conditions and situations you place yourself in, whether it’s your first day trip on a seemingly placid lake or a major sea kayaking expedition. And you need to be aware of how your boat and gear will perform in these conditions and situations. The kayak that’s sold as a recreational boat with a large cockpit and short waterline may be great for exploring sheltered anchorages, but not at all suitable for transiting open water. Don’t let lack of experience stop you from trying new things, just be aware of potential problems and be prepared with a contingency plan if things don’t go according to plan. This might mean being aware that a wind or tide change will make the return trip much harder and longer than getting to your destination, and so you need to take along another water bottle. Or if you’re planning to circumnavigate an island instead of your usual paddle along the shoreline, you might need to consult tide and current tables as part of your planning process. As part of the skills and safety focus, we have included a directory of some of the businesses (mostly on the west coast) that offer lessons and courses year round or seasonally, and some of the paddlefests and symposia happening over the next several months that are great opportunities to hone your skills and have fun. There is so much going on wherever people are getting out on waterways in self-propelled craft, that there is sure to be an event or class or course offered close to you. There are also paddling clubs and groups everywhere people paddle (check out the Clubs page on the WaveLength website) that organize outings and training sessions for their members. Take advantage of the generosity of paddling people who always seem willing to share what they know—the more skillful you are and the more you are aware of how to stay safe, the happier you will be when you slip away from land and become part of the marine world.
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photo: WaveLength, Vancouver Island Paddlefest
april–june 2008
WaveLength Magazine
9
Strings Attached: Making Your Tow System Work for You
Text and Photos by Neil Schulman
W
hen A.J. wet-exits, he somehow gets separated from his boat. So I track it down and go to attach my towline. But with my thick neoprene gloves I have trouble freeing the small clip at the end of the line from the bag around my waist. A.J.’s kayak and I drift farther toward the rocks… Fortunately, we’re just practicing, and there are other people around. A.J. is reunited with his boat with ease. But it was obvious: I couldn’t deploy my towline quickly enough. Of all the kit sea kayakers lug around, tow systems are perhaps the most befuddling. Second only to the skeg-versus-rudder holy wars, tow systems generate the most ongoing debates among experienced paddlers. The reason is that there’s no perfect system, and they all take tinkering to make them work for you.
The Big Questions: Why? and what kind? Why? Before we analyze how you can carry a bunch of rope around, let’s remind ourselves why we carry a tow system anyway. There are two main reasons you’ll be towing someone. 10
WaveLength Magazine
1. To quickly move a person, rescue or boat out of a dangerous situation. Think of a rescue operation drifting towards the rocks or breaking surf. Your tow needs to be fast, simple, and something you can get out of quickly so you don’t become another victim. 2. To get someone from A to B. It could be someone who can’t keep up, can’t control his kayak in the wind, gets injured or seasick. In this case, you may find yourself towing for miles, through varied conditions. The towee will need both propulsion and, if he's exhausted, injured, or seasick, another paddler to raft up and help him stay upright. It’s not all about which tow system you use. The easiest way to move another boat is often a short push or contact tow, with no futzing with lines and clips—just someone rafting up and pushing the other kayak where it needs to go. But sometimes you need to use a tow system. Whatever your tow rig, you’ll need to practice with it until you can get that line unclipped with heavy gloves on without looking or losing your paddle.
What Kind? Most systems fall into two categories: tow belts and boat-mounted tows. Tow Belts There are a wide variety of tow belts available, made by Northwater, Expedition Essentials, and Valley, among others. They are worn loosely around the waist and have a quick-release buckle and floating line. april–june 2008
The main advantage of a waist tow is quick deployment and re-stuffing. And since it will swing around your waist when you change direction, you can tow backward easily, without becoming wrapped in line. This can be key in rough water, where you want to be able to go in, get someone out of trouble, and get out as fast as possible—which often means in reverse. And you can use a waist tow with any kayak you happen to be paddling.
The Northwater waist tow with my preferred setup: carabiner and quickdraw, and a float and clip-on loop added to the belt. The downsides are that towing from the body can exert a lot of force on your back and torso, especially if you’re a relatively small person. And the added bulk of wearing a tow belt in addition to spray skirt, double-tunnel drysuit, and PFD can restrict freedom of motion. Deck Tows Towing from a fitting attached to the rear deck of the kayak is very popular among British kayakers. A towline runs through a bullseye and cleat on the deck behind the cockpit, with the line held in a bag (but not attached to it). To release the line in an emergency, the paddler just pulls the line free of the cleat.
You can also vary the length by taking a long line and adding a metal clip and daisy-chaining the line to a shorter length. Some systems have a clip inside the bag, or you can add one— release it, and the daisy chain unravels when the end is under tension. I use a 50 foot line on both my deck and belt systems, daisy chained to about 30 feet so I can move someone quickly. I figure that if I’m going to need the 50 foot line for a long tow, I will probably be able to raft up to unclip the second clip to release the rest of the line. And the more line in the water, the more I can get tangled.
Floats and Clips Deck tow deployed. The line is daisy-chained for a short tow, but can be lengthened for a longer distance. The appeal of deck tows is reduced torque on the body, and there’s no bulk around the waist. The main downside is that it’s more difficult to deploy, since you have to reach behind you to unclip the end, which can be touchy in nasty water. It’s also more difficult to re-stuff and re-deploy the line quickly. Deck-based tows require more awareness when back-towing, since the rope will run next to your torso. And you can only use these tows on boats with hardware installed, which means you can’t use it with other boats if you switch. Knoydart and Northwater, among others, make deck-based tow systems. Northwater has recently come out with a hybrid—a waist tow that can be switched to a deck tow. But it doesn’t meet my preferences for the next category, which is line length.
Short or Long? Tows tend to come in lengths of roughly either 30 or 50 feet. Each has its advocates and detractors. A shorter line means you get tension on it more quickly, which means you start moving the victim more quickly, which can be critical in tight spots. Less line also means less bulk. On the other hand, a long tow gives you more distance between you and the victim— which can prevent collisions in the yo-yoing that can happen in big following seas. The last thing you want is your victim’s kayak surfing into you.
The clips on your tow system also involve tradeoffs. The bigger the clip on your tow system, the easier it is to manipulate with one gloved hand. But the bigger it is, the more likely it is to catch on someone’s deck lines or gear stowed on deck. I’ve tried lots of variations on my end clip, but I find I prefer a standard-sized bent-gate carabiner attached to a quick draw. I’d rather have the speed on the attachment side— seconds will be less critical when I disengage.
Deck tow behind the cockpit, with bullseye (left) and quick-release camcleat. Floats also involve similar tradeoffs. I want every part of my tow system to float, so I don’t end up with either the clip or bag sinking in current and catching on something underwater. But floats at the clip-in end of the line also catch on deck gear. I’ve retied the knot on both my systems so the float is about two feet from the clip—giving room to clip into two kayaks without entangling the float. Some belt bags come with flotation sewn into the bag, and sometimes you have to add it.
Other Systems There are a couple of other oddball systems out there. I carry a “contact tow,” a short length of bungee line with a clip that I can use to hold two boats together in a raft for a long period of april–june 2008
time and that can double as a paddle leash in rescues. I seldom use it. Whitewater kayakers tend to use rescue harnesses build into their PFDs, which can hold tethers of varying lengths. I’m not a fan of these systems for sea kayaking, since the force rides much higher on your body. There are also coaming-mounted tow systems, which don’t require deck hardware. I much prefer the deck-mount.
Five Tips to Happy Tows No matter what tow system you use, there are a few keys to using it well. 1. Know the limitations. Every tow system has them, and the key is understanding where your system is good and where it’s awkward. And one of the ways you figure this out is to... 2. Practice. Try towing with different setups, in rough and calm water, long and short distances, backwards and forwards. See what works for you. Everyone thinks their system is the best—find out for yourself. 3. Clip, unclip, stuff, re-stuff. You want the motions of clipping in and out of a tow, and deploying, stuffing, and redeploying your line to be muscle memory. 4. Modify. It seems absurd to buy a tow system for anywhere between $60 and $125, and then have to modify it—change out the clip, add flotation, and so on. When I got my waist tow, there was no flotation in the bag—so I added some, and then the bag wouldn’t close, so then I had to add more Velcro. Annoying as it is to have to modify “state of the art” gear, the reality is that I haven’t found a tow system yet that I haven’t had to customize. 5. Keep a clean deck. Anytime you tow, you run the risk of tangled line. Keeping a clean deck will minimize the chances of this, as well as make your kayak perform better. I’m a stickler about keeping my rear deck clean, and all I’ll keep on my front deck is a chart and a spare paddle. Next time you’re out on the water, try to attach your towline to the back toggle of one of your buddies while they’re not paying attention. Then they have to tow you. If they refuse, at least you’ve had some practice clipping in. Neil Schulman lives in Portland, Oregon, where he does environmental work, kayaks, writes, and photographs, and uses his tow system to hang laundry.
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WaveLength Magazine
april–june 2008
Emergency Mapping and Messaging with SPOT by Adam Bolonsky
Editor's Note: We have included two reviews of the SPOT Messenger unit to illustrate that people have found it to be effective on both coasts of North America.
S
ea kayakers who venture beyond the pale—past the channel marker, the lighthouse, the harbor and the bay—have matters to deal with once their distance from home reaches the remote. The experienced carry VHFs; the experienced and gabby carry VHFs and cell phones. Pack in a GPS too and kayakers can calculate nautical miles traveled, minutes-per-mile, and perhaps most important, how to parse latitude and longitude coordinates from a chart or GPS, note their location and report it. Communications become tough, though, when you’re offshore or someplace really remote. Now you’re out of cell phone range and not likely to be able to raise anyone via VHF to relay your “I’m OK” message to friends and family back home. Enter SPOT. SPOT is a GPS and satellite-based mapping/messaging beacon. Push HELP or OK/Check In and you transmit, via the commercial GEOS satellite system, pre-written emails and text messages to friends and family. Press 911 and you transmit to GEOS your location and an emergency alert, which the GEOS’s call center in Texas directs to local search and rescue. SPOT’s built-in GPS and live link to Google Maps lie at the heart of the whole works. SPOT’s jobs—transmitting your location coordinates, creating Google Maps, emailing and text messaging friends or notifying search-and-rescue—are handled by an internal transmitter, GPS and land-based routers. End result is that, regardless of whether you hit OK, HELP or 911, SPOT relays your latitude and longitude. The small, bright orange beacon is about the size of two stacked decks of playing cards. It’s waterproof and powered by a pair of included lithium ion AA batteries that gave me 24 hours of use without indication of drain. Reasonably priced at $170 list plus $90 for a year’s GEOS messaging, SPOT is a good bargain, especially when you consider that $90 gives you a year’s worth of unlimited HELP and OK/Check In messaging. Track messaging costs extra.
I spent a month sending test HELP and OK messages to kayakers throughout North America and England. In all but a few cases, SPOT sent my programed messages flawlessly: email and text messages, each with an embedded Google Map link, reached recipients within a half hour or so. In addition, each message contained my latitude and longitude, time and date of transmission, the name of the nearest mapped location, and, most rewarding, links to Google Maps showing where I was. It’s this feature, GPS-based Google Maps linking, that makes SPOT useful and fun. Google Maps are by now familiar to most everyone. Open one and you can choose between crisply rendered maps, terrain and satellite image views of virtually any place on earth. When I used SPOT to check in with friends and family, they were able to zoom in on the very patch of coastline, the bluff on the island, the hollow in the dunes or the clearing in the forest where I was transmitting. They saw what I was surrounded by—a literal bird’s eye view of my world. Send a HELP message and those images gain urgency: friends and family know you’re in trouble and where. Although the 911 function was not available for testing, results were impressive overall. When I placed SPOT on the dashboard of my car to transmit, SPOT worked. When I clipped SPOT to my backpack or to the foredeck, the messages got sent. I sent HELP, TRACK and I’M OK messages in weather conditions ranging from clear to light rain to fog to light snow. Flawless. GPS-mapping accuracy was excellent: spot-on 90% of the time, accurate within an eighth of a mile when not. The unit is rugged too. I dropped it several times and also let it bounce around in the surf. No damage. SPOT does have a few glitches which relate to its being a first-generation product. My first set of test messages, for example, never arrived in my Yahoo email account. I couldn’t change the subject line of email messages. Highly numeric, those default and unalterable subject lines, which read along the likes of “Help message from unit 123-45-6789,” set off a few junk email filters. Also, interpreting the unit’s minimal interface takes getting used to. You can’t simply push HELP or CHECK-IN and shut the unit off. Rather, you have to watch the LED for up to a minute more, to be sure SPOT emits the 5-second flash that indicates that transmission is complete. Moreover, you then need to monitor the adjacent LED to see whether it continues to blink in phase with the HELP or OK LED. Out of phase indicates loss of GPS hookup; in phase means success. >>> april–june 2008
WaveLength Magazine
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The final bug with the unit, at least far as kayakers are concerned, comes from an unlikely source: Google Maps itself. Though Google Maps’ interface for email recipients is simple and easy to use, given the maps’ accuracy and viewing options, Google Maps is very much a land-based database of images. Image coverage, in other words, doesn’t extend more than two or so miles offshore. Make a HELP or OK transmission with SPOT from more than a few miles offshore, and Google Maps places your location in unmapped water. Friends and family will need to zoom out to see what landmass lies nearby. If they have been tracking your location daily or hourly, they’ll then need to transfer your latitude and longitude coordinates to a marine chart or chart database. Despite these small flaws, I’d recommend SPOT to most anyone: paddlers who want to venture beyond cell phone range but wish to check in with friends and family every day or so; adventurers who need to keep in touch with their sponsors; moms, dads, and grandparents who want to keep in touch with their kids and grandchildren. Or, as one dad co-testing SPOT with me remarked, “What a great way for the kids to keep up with grandma’s travels!” Because SPOT relies exclusively on latitude and longitude coordinates, you can’t help but become better at reading charts if you use the unit. Look at SPOT’s Google Maps of where you’ve been lately and there lie your coordinates, plain as day, on the places you’ve transmitted from. You can’t beat that for learning how to read and interpret lat/long numbers. Coupled with SPOT’s ability to reassure others of your whereabouts when you’re far away—SPOT’s most salient value, I think—makes SPOT worth a shot.
Locator Beacon Options Other Doppler-based emergency beacons have been around for decades. EPIRBs and personal locater beacons (PLBs), two types of emergency signaling devices are considered so infallible they’re required on commercial fishing vessels and by the organizers of many adventure races. Their infallibility comes at a high cost though. EPIRBs run about $1,000 on average, plus registration fees, and do one job only: transmit to SARSAT and COSPAS, the international search and rescue agencies, a prolonged electronic squeal which does nothing other than locate you, at the same time accessing the registration database listing to whom the EPIRB is registered. PLBs are the less-bulky recreational version of EPIRBs. Cheaper by half (about $475, with free registration for US users), PLBs are about the size of a very small shoe. Like EPIRBs, they do only one job, yet do so with near infallible reliability: send to government-based search-and-rescue coordinating agencies an electronic notification that you are in trouble, and where. But like EPIRBs, no friendly email messages saying hi, no charming map for friends or family to scan and pan over. PLBs and EPIRBs can be rented from a variety of online outfits: plbrentals.com, for example, rents PLBs for about $45 US a week. 14
WaveLength Magazine
april–june 2008
SPOT Messenger by John Harper As someone who travels to many remote places as part of both work and pleasure, the SPOT Messenger caught my eye as a potential tracking and emergency contact system. My local marine store, which had a SPOT in stock, reassured me that the SPOT “delivers as claimed” so I purchased one. To date, it has performed exactly as advertised and should be of interest to anyone exploring remote parts of the planet. SPOT combines a GPS receiver, which fixes your location, and a satellite transmitter, that sends that location through the satellite system. The system is compact, rugged and immersible! There are four levels of communication possible: (1) push the OK button to send a programed message to a registered contact (the contact receives this message as an email or cell-phone text message); (2) push and hold the OK button for 5 seconds and the system goes into a tracking mode where fixes are sent at 10-minute intervals to the SPOT tracking website (your “home team” can monitor your progress); (3) push the HELP button to trigger the SPOT response center to call your designated contacts (identified as part of our registration); and (4) push the 911 button to indicate an emergency situation and prompt the SPOT response center to contact the nearest emergency services to your location. While I haven’t needed the HELP or 911 services, I found the OKfixes and tracking systems to work flawlessly. The replaceable batteries last for weeks in the tracking mode and months when used intermittently. I was worried about the SPOT connecting to the satellites but from my own personal testing on Canada’s west coast, the fixes have been transmitted within 20 minutes. I am sending the unit up to northern Baffin Island for a view from a different part of the planet. The system is priced at $169 (USD) and the annual subscription is $100. I also opted for the $50 SPOT Casting option, which records 10-minute fixes when the system is in the tracking mode. The subscription sign-up was click-click-click easy through the website (www.findmespot.com), and within an hour of sign-up, I was receiving position fixes via text messages on my cell, through email and via the SPOT tracking website. Track data are easily viewed on Google Maps with a few more clicks of the mouse. The SPOT Messenger has much of the functionality of a personal EPIRB with the main difference being that SPOT can be used to let people where you are when things are going well and there are no life threatening problems. The SPOT Casting option sends fixes to a website, where they can be viewed on Google Maps. John Harper lives in Brentwood Bay, British Columbia and travels extensively along the BCAlaska coast as part of work and pleasure. Mr. Harper owns a consulting company specializing in coastal habitat mapping.
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WWWWWERNERPADDLESCOM april–june 2008
WaveLength Magazine
15
Finding Your Edge
by Dan Lewis
photo: Island Escapades
I
was out paddling close to an exposed shoreline the other day in three metre seas. I really had to be on my toes as the huge waves rolled in on a diagonal. Every now and then I would feel a shadow, and look up to see a wave face careening in towards shore. The only way out was to edge hard, and carve an outsideleaning turn up the face of the wave, a position from which it would be easy to flip over towards shore. I felt a little rusty in my boat, which was not at all surprising—I just don’t spend as many hours in the boat in winter, even here in sunny Tofino. Like anyone, I needed to spend more time tooling around on still water, just playing around in the boat and getting comfortable up on edge. Edging is the key to intermediate and advanced paddling, and it is the gateway to a world of paddling beyond rudders. First, let’s define some terms. Leaning is locking your knees onto the inside of the kayak deck, and leaning your upper body out over the water, tilting the kayak with you. Now, most kayaks are pretty stable. The only way to tip one over is to get your head overboard, out over the side of the kayak. Leaning accomplishes this, so when you lean a kayak, eventually it will tip over. Of course a capsize can be prevented with a low, high, or sculled brace, so this is a good way to practice bracing. Edging means locking your knees into the boat, then twisting your hips to tilt the boat up on edge, leaving your upper body safely balanced over the kayak. While edging can feel a bit precarious at first, with practice it comes to feel very solid, and after a while your body will start to crave the feeling! Both of these techniques have important applications. Leaning is used in surf. Edging is used more on flat water, and especially for steering in wind waves.
16
WaveLength Magazine
The reason for edging the boat is to create a new hull. When a sea kayak is sitting down flat on its keel, it is typically designed to track, in other words to go straight. When the boat is cranked up on edge, the ends of the kayak (including the keel at bow and stern) lift clear of the water, making for a shorter hull. Also, many sea kayaks are rather wide, and when put on edge, this width translates into rocker. Rocker is the curvature of the hull from bow to stern. Whitewater kayaks have highly rockered hulls—viewed from the side they are reminiscent of Grandma’s rocking chair. So long, flat hulls track, and short, rockered hulls turn. Many sea kayaks have the ability to smoothly transition back and forth between these two hull types, if the paddler has the skill. How does one develop this skill? Like anything, it can be broken down into baby steps, which can be learned, practised and mastered. Before learning to edge your boat, you might want to check with your local outfitter for bracing workshops. Find a sheltered bay—with no wind, waves, currents, or boat traffic—in which to play. Make sure you fit snugly in the cockpit. Adjust your foot-pegs one notch tighter than usual, and add padding for your hips and knees if necessary. Make sure your spraydeck fits snugly to keep water out, and practise releasing it. Try a wet exit if you’ve never flipped over before—it just might happen while playing around. Dress for immersion. There are two steps to edging a kayak. The first one is subtle, and can’t really be observed— it happens inside the boat. You want to shift the weight in your butt, such that all your weight is resting on one cheek. This will tilt the boat slightly. Hold it there, balancing on one cheek. The key to being comfortable in a kayak on edge april–june 2008
is this weight shift—when you focus on feeling all your weight on one cheek, you feel solid in the boat, balanced. Edging will work all kinds of magic on a hull that is moving. The boat will begin to carve a turn, turning away from the direction of the tilt—tilt left, turn right; tilt right, turn left. It is like pushing a rudder pedal—the boat begins to turn immediately. This degree of edging is sufficient for flat water turns without a rudder—I urge you to try it! After the weight shift, the second step is to pull up with the opposite knee. Both knees are gripping the inside of the hull tightly at all times while edging, but now you will begin to actually pull up on the kayak deck with the opposite knee. For example, to edge to the right, first shift your weight to the right cheek, then pull up with the left knee. By pulling up on the opposite knee, you run the risk of edging too far and flipping over. Tilt your head back over the boat, and be ready to brace. Once you have a feel for this, try it while moving. Initiate a turn with a sweep on the side you are tilting towards. You can continue sweeping on the outside to add stability and actually accelerate through a tight turn. Work your way up to edging in bigger and bigger waves. Soon you’ll be carving up the face of waves and cranking big turns right on the crest when both ends of your kayak are out of the water! You don’t have to be a Tsunami Ranger wannabee to learn to edge your kayak. Every paddler can benefit from playing with edging. It is fun, and you will develop better hip control and balance, which could one day prevent a capsize. So get out there and play in your kayak!
“We know our stuff”
getting you out there since 1981
A Proud “on water” Delta Kayaks dealer 1824 STORE STREET VICTORIA, BC. PH 250.381.4233 • TOLL FREE 1 800 909 4233 WWW.OCEANRIVER.COM april–june 2008
WaveLength Magazine
17
skillset
The Scoop Rescue
I
n an assisted rescue situation, there are several possible strategies for getting a swimmer back into his kayak. The quickest re-entries require both coordination and a certain degree of athleticism—two ingredients that may be in short supply if the swimmer is exhausted, sick, injured, or compromised due to cold water immersion.
The concept behind the scoop rescue is to absolutely minimize the effort required from the swimmer. This is accomplished by literally floating the swimmer back into the flooded kayak and then relying on the rescuer to rotate the boat back upright. It is imperative to recognize that this rescue is only suitable for kayaks that have full and adequate flotation both fore and aft. This usually takes the form of bulkheads and waterproof hatches, although float-bags securely anchored in the bow and stern also work. Any attempt to perform this rescue with a kayak without flotation leads to disaster: a kayak bobbing vertically in the water, or worse still, resting on the ocean floor. As the rescuer, position yourself next to the swimmer’s kayak, facing in the opposite direction from the overturned boat. Secure both paddles by tucking them under your arm or stashing them under a deck bungee. To establish a good grip on the kayak, commit your weight to the boat’s foredeck while grasping its perimeter lines or cockpit rim. Even upside down, a sea kayak (with bulkheads) has plenty of flotation and will easily support your weight, so rather than straining away from the job, lean into it, and use the swimmer’s kayak for stability. For the scoop rescue, you don’t start by emptying the kayak. Instead you flood it. This is accomplished by holding the empty boat on its side, and allowing as much water as possible to flood into the cockpit. With the kayak held on its side, the swimmer re-enters the boat by floating in feet first while pulling himself in by the cockpit rim, and sliding as far as possible into the kayak. Ideally his feet will be far past the foot pedals and his butt well forward of the seat. Once deeply in the boat, the swimmer then leans as far back as possible onto the stern deck in order to lower his center of gravity. Now, the rescuer can pull up hard on the coaming to upright the swamped kayak. While the boat continues to be stabilized by the rescuer, the swimmer can sit back up in the seat, and the process of getting the spraydeck back on and pumping the water out can commence. While the scoop rescue is exceedingly difficult in really rough conditions, it’s easy in calmer water, and may prove to be the only option with a swimmer who is otherwise incapable of re-entering his kayak from the water. Even a seriously injured paddler can be floated into his boat, the cockpit pumped out, and the kayak stabilized while it is towed to safety.
18
WaveLength Magazine
april–june 2008
by Alex Matthews
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april–june 2008
WaveLength Magazine
19
Wilderness First Aid
by Alex Matthews
photo by Dave Silver
W
hen kayakers talk “safety,” we discuss rescue techniques, the importance of good seamanship, and the fine art of weather forecast interpretation. We consider the possibility of having to deal with a serious injury or illness, and its aftermath far less often. To get an overview on First Aid, I contacted an expert. Brooks Hogya is the owner of Slipstream First Aid—a company that specializes in wilderness first aid instruction. AM: How did you get into the outdoor industry? Brooks H: My first job was as a councilor at a kid’s camp when I was 16. Then after I graduated from the outdoor program at Strathcona Park Lodge, I started guiding, and founded Slipstream by the time I was 19. We offered guided trips in the Stein Valley, Carmanah, Strathcona Park and on the West Coast Trail. I think I’ve guided the West Coast Trail about 28 and a half times now.
911 and the arrival of the ambulance. That’s great in the city, but far less useful in more remote locations. Wilderness First Aid teaches you what to do in those first 15 minutes, and it also teaches you how to care for the patient in the following hours, or even days, while you’re waiting for evacuation or recovery.
Also, the way we teach it, the underlying current in our program is risk assessment and management: how to prevent injury and illness through good pre-trip preparation.
A lot of folks associate First Aid with the First Aid kit—with supplies and gear—but the best First Aid kit won’t help you if you don’t know how to use it. And the best outcome is one in which you never have to break out the kit at all because you made solid, common sense decisions to minimize risk at every stage of planning and playing.
AM: 28 and a half?
AM: So what are key components for a First Aid kit?
Brooks H: Hey, not every trip makes it to its intended destination! AM: I know that you have another job—what do you do when you aren’t running Slipstream? Brooks H: I’m a Primary Care Paramedic (PCP), so I’m one of the guys who arrive in the ambulance when you call 911. Oh, I’m also the safety director for the 7-day BC bike race from Victoria to Whistler. AM: So who needs Wilderness First Aid? Brooks H: Basically anyone who likes to play outside. If your primary strategy is: “nobody’s going to get hurt, therefore I don’t need First Aid knowledge,” then that’s just not good enough. AM: What’s the difference between Wilderness First Aid and other First Aid courses? Brooks H: Most First Aid courses, like OFA (Occupational First Aid), are designed for urban settings. The emphasis is on what to do for the first 10 to 15 minutes of a medical emergency. This represents the period of time that elapses between calling 20
WaveLength Magazine
april–june 2008
Brooks H: It varies a lot with personal knowledge. Some things like splints and stretchers can be improvised in the field, but other items like sterile dressings, really good cutting tools, and medications are essential. AM: Medications? Brooks H: Right, we’re primarily talking about mandatory prescription medications that someone takes for a chronic condition like asthma or diabetes. If the medicine is important enough to be prescribed by a doctor and carried on the trip, then it needs to be backed up. This is achieved by “duplication” and “separation.” That is to say, double dosages should be carried: one by the user, and a second dosage by a different member of the team, just in case something happens to the first set.
Many guides also carry things like “Epipens” which are very useful in cases of severe allergic reactions to bee stings and such. AM: What Wilderness First Aid courses do you offer?
Brooks H: We teach a 10-day course designed for outdoor professionals like guides and park wardens, and a 5-day course, which is perfect for anyone who just wants a good grounding so they can feel really well prepared.
The courses are divided into lecture segments, and we do a lot of very practical hands-on work too. I like to call them “First Aid skits” rather than scenarios, where we try to simulate many of the situations that you might encounter in a real backcountry First Aid situation. It’s a great learning technique and lots of fun—the students love it!
We’re also going to be launching our “online campus” which will allow students to access a ton of information through our Internet site. Everything will be organized in chapters so you can study the exact course information you want. It might be anything from hypothermia to altitude sickness or marine envenomation, or all three. AM: What’s marine en-ven-o-mation?
Brooks H: Jellyfish stings. And no, you don’t pee on them, Alex. AM: Thanks, Brooks. Brooks H: Hey, thank you. Now play safe! For more information, contact Slipstream First Aid at 1-800-760-3188 or www.wildernessfirstaid.ca.
april–june 2008
WaveLength Magazine
21
getting started
by Alex Matthews
The “Day Bag” don’t leave home without it.
L
ike most paddlers, when I head out in my kayak, it’s usually not for a 3-week expedition or even a quick overnighter. The majority of the time I’m paddling just for a few hours—I’m going on a day trip. In some ways, day trips have the potential for being more dangerous and uncomfortable than multi-day outings. This is because paddlers are generally less well prepared on a day trip. Since they aren’t planning to be out long, and they’re not going far, day trippers typically carry very little gear. Many will have little else than what they are wearing. This, of course, can be a significant problem if conditions deteriorate even a little. And if the return home is delayed, then unprepared paddlers can find themselves in uncomfortable or even dangerous predicaments. The best strategy to avoid those predicaments is to get into the habit of always bringing along some key items packaged in a drybag. A 20 litre drybag with a waterproof roll-top closure is a good choice because it will keep its contents dry even in the event of a capsize, and yet is compact enough to fit into most kayak
hatches. A couple of 10 litre bags work really well for smaller hatches. While the nature of your trip should dictate what you bring in your day bag, the main items will likely change very little. For protected waters in populated areas where there are many good landing options, you are unlikely to get caught out overnight, for instance. If, however, you are contemplating a crossing to an island that is subject to adverse conditions, you should opt to add additional items to your kit list. A small tarp or even a tent will make an unplanned night out far more manageable. Cold conditions put the emphasis on including lots of warm layers, while hot climates should inspire the inclusion of extra drinking water and garments that provide maximum sun protection. The main ingredient in my bag is warm clothing. Extra clothes are essential. Being able to add layers will keep you more comfortable and therefore happier, and in the event of an unplanned swim, it’s vitally important that you have warm, dry clothes to change into.
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