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ACLU 2004 Remand Documents CIA

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Le!çases

CIA OIG RePort

2. A7 March 2003 CIA business Plan díscussing RDI Program IOIG Vaughn # Other-2 9 l

3. 31 January 2003 Draft psychological assessment of Abu Zubaydah IOIG Vaughn

#

Other-3 9 l

4. 2A November 2OO2 Spot' report díscussing interrogation of *l-Ntuhiri IOIG Vaughn Other-

5

63

l

. 24 ,July 2AOZ Draft psychological assessment of Abu Zubaydah IOIG Vaughn Other-

7L

#

#

l

6. Undat'ed certsifieatíon sheet used in ínterrogation lraíning toIç Vaugihn # Other-

93

l

T.Undatedblank.'EnhancedPressures',sheet used for waterboard training [OfG Vaughn Other-1031

8. 17 JuIy 2003 intervÍew wíth a senior CIA officer regarding CIÃ' RDI Program IOIG Vaughn # rnterview-B3l

spot 9. 22 January 2003 Email with att'ached rêport regarding interrogation of a1NaEhiri IOIG Vaughn # Emai1-L96l

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cfA toAN col'Y DONOTCOFY

'ê,.

Centr al Intellígence

"4gency Inspector General

SpscIALRnvluw

COUNTERTERRORISM DETENTION AND INTERRO GATION ACTIVI'IIES (SEPTEMBER 2001 _ OCTOBER 2OO3) Qaas-7723-lGl 7 Dl.fay 2A04

copy !

TABLE OT CONTENTS

Page

""""1

INTRoDucrION."""""""""""""""¡

"""""2

SIJMM4RY..,.....,.....r"""""'

BACKGROUND T¡¡'¡¡¡¡'r"¡r'¡"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""' DIS CUSsToN .'.......,.,"""""""""""'r"""r"'r """"r"r""""""""" GT¡¡NS¡SOFPOST}IITAGENCYDETEI\rfiONANDJ.I.J1'ERROGÁfiON

""'i'r""¡""'

ACîNTI1.,S""""""""""t""r"."'r

9

1L

"""""17

TTTE.vAPTLTREoFÁBuZunnwattltN"DEVËLoPMENTorEITS,,.',,,,,,.'12

Dol

"""^16

rccal.4.N'{LYsrs

NorrcrTOAI.IDcoNstIlTÁrIoNwrrr.IExncurlwÁNDCoNGRESSIONÁL """"'23

OFFICL{LS

"""""""""

Gu¡p¡¡¡croNcrr-Iryu[RE/DETENnoN'^ANDINTERRoG'{floN""""'t"""'24

.......,.....,...25 ,..,.,,,,,.27

DCI Confinernent Guidelines"""" """" ""'29 DCI Interrogation Guicl'e1ïnes"""""""" Medical Guidelines """""""" """""""""""31 Training for Interrogatíons""

n "

rrrxuo

N a^,n arrrRJto

TÕ'r-sÊeI{FT/

G'{uoN

o

P

ER'4TI

o¡¡s A'

rf L-

:::?',a.r'a.:ì i..:'.:.--ir::;.:.:..1

-;

I

,,.,..,.,.46

57 58 61.

65

67

Sp..iii. Unauthori

TöFEÊeRBI/

ze#,

orUndocumented Techniques ..,""',""69

õFsËsgr/

tL '\w ;itvnc

-.ã^\¡6oNs " " GATI " "' " " " " " "' suPPo RT To INTERRo

Errr,crwnllr.çs

¡

r

r

t"t"t"'82 aÉ.

"""t'Qr

""""'

PotrcycoNslDEfutTÏoNslr}II)coNCEItIvsREG.ARDIT\¡GrrrrDerrvr¡o¡l """""""""""91 ¿¡vu

frsreRnoc'afloNl)Rocrt'q,lr"' Policy Consideratione

""""""""'92

ConcerneoverParticipationintheCTCPrograrrr.,.'..'....,......'.'94

"""""""""

ENl:e¿.¡,tn,

CONCLUSIONS"""""""': RECOMMENDATIONS"""""""""¡"

""""95

""""L00 "" 106

APFENDTCES

A. Proceclures ancl Resortrces Events B. Chronology of Significant C.

cene¡al coursel of the Rizza,Acting for Joh,¡ Menrorandurn î", lr'trätro gation of an Al-Qa',ida ceniral Intelligence A geircy, OPerative, L Attgust 2002

D.DClGuidelinesonConfurementCorrdirionsforCl,\Detainees, 28 JanuarY 2003

E. DCI Guideiines

I á :a

s

:

ÌõPsessr/

oq!

ations

Cond,,tludPM

ffiH--Ë¡¡g;$¡'1g¡:;=:a..:.:.r.ffil|#.*sË:i¡it¡?$:i*-".**í-:.:¡I,:,i:ii::.,..:;.:-'','.:..,Ê=¿.:Égæ#:'¡,r.^.'**:-...¿...

TCTr,.sË$REt/

F. Draft office of Medical services Guidelines on Medical and Psychological tupport to Detainee hrterrogations, 4 September 2003

io%BBeRBr/

l!--.::.,.+'.:t --

{*F*¡=x.W¡,|ff+Æl

Y:i.í;i{;!i,.i:+:r",;x:';r::'ti

,.

,lt*i - : - :,t.-, :l:.*"t'

CTAR GEMER'AL OFNCEOF INSPË

SpgctAL REvIEw sM couNTERTERRo RI

:J"l*t

iü;titiö.anoNagY¡3t3,1 ER t #;äffi"tilt t1 : 9 g.t B

(

2oo3

I

o

N AN"

)

(2003-7123'IG) 7 MaY 2004

INTRODUCTICIN

îil*jikii:åîtrffi ",*"Hl;Grrff ñ ;ä;" i:::::i"';;.';; i: î:i Til*"uc*u tnät tlt" Agency had estabusneq s.^T-X1lî Cent e r to de tain He isnatc

;;;;'^*').

"*:qt:ï:13

"'

ubro^d ('the CTC

:::"î

u

o "

';:' that ;ä;;ä;**ätechninues,fff triffi 1;f site, ancl requested uoot',.rJoreign ,Abd AI-Rahim ¿r-ÑåsÌ.riri, ^t

TursË$llsu

:#ì:i:rl::l ii;t:¡.ade:i.:î.:.:...::-.i l.ij;i.'i:.;.., .. _, :::iÉ;r::lË:i:ïl j_.t:.-;*ä:é.:'¿'rr'::.ii;'.i?.;...::i:..:i:&4-í:-,

i Ë:åï-r ii:#l%iTt¿_¿.ì*,:irr:i+1 ;i:1!!ål -i,#iìl*lã--ã¿:Ëã:¡:¿èììçiL:::!i:ii":

îõ%=ne*s-r/ that Some

oIG i¡rvestigate. Separately, oIG received in.forrnation emPloyeeswereconcernedthatcertaincovertAgencyactivíties.atanof

night involve violations overseas detention and interrogation site review of ABencY hrunari rights, In ]anuary 20A3,OIG initiated a tion

counterteirorism deteltion angj

activities!

and the incident rvith

Al-Nashiri.l T -lQ

SUMMARY ;igrr-td resPonsibilitY

fo

r

':1gnlf"i:-î"1f U'S' öti..iå, ä; $i'.;b Counterte'rorist Center (D/CTC). Wheit ímplementi4g*p.--tGadetentiona-ufl

the

, -,- r^r^r*:--.i-.1ir¡{Árr.:le in Afc.hanistan affd at dçtgililg$$li9l3%iå rrríIitary forces u"e* Guantanatno EaY,

'lll directly Agency

ññb-.t-"f

and i*terrogate

suspät"á teriorists. The caph'e andjnitial

int rrogution of the firsi high value detainee' Abu Zubaydah'

ro-\QAppendixAaddressesthePioceduresandResourcesthatolGemployedin rendition^s condttcted by the Agency or conducting this Review. The Review does not address

2 (" epp*dixB is a chronology or6iriã"t e"."ts th^t occurred dqrÍng

TõrsËe*sf,/ i4

the period of this

TõÏ\:E$RETJ a the Agency with presented inMarch2002'

t'tf"'lÏ:t

dilernma'a

;i*""*1-'* î'å'ö Ëi iil" ;s. ^:r *^, å'å'ä;*'*:

*'

be obtaine$ l-l'I: ?*il"iår*ítui .o"r¿ notju,,.vc¡f icials to elicit tlueat "dÏîrîtîi'".äH:,tHIüiö#i.ä¡-.'ä".,n sentor "ttãt"*y *;;; robttst

additional terronst

f

from other "pP;tit;u' r'o^'eîîZ*"iatn *a fottiuly

believed that

i¡forrnatio"

^

a

;,:ffi

ït-q"rã;

hi gh value detainees'

:,,f:j;å:,Hïi'*'iiffi ::'""

'"t;5-;;g#if;;'^ii' iå:ffiil."ä:Ëi:iäïä*f ¿ at A! ; í. á; e ;:ffi :ff il:,:ffi,ifl interrogation u'u of

ï'"ø,ri"

1: ::

at

oersorurel tl"a uîå" äno ther .r.,, u.,ïJ"

in the

rh

"iittance'techniques/

""*edra.y.¡r åìã'- u" rll: ï îä,,.

ffi ::Iåi:ffi

Qa'i d a

ltil"oJlii"l'.il

- r"

]¡tflç$;t*ifu::f,*Ïm1".*

ää'"nå-tot"',iîf.ä":ÅiïlË*;ä"'ra-"ti*tookplaceagainst use on

[tbuZt

m*kr#***;';k$ n*J :îiH:'?1* ii * ;iì;'"*u

¡ön* r;:"':r':r."

f omm'n*Y

6,*,t-ïi-"?åï-"å:'äïil;JtröiËä{d( in determiniug and

the lead consfrainrs f år

interrogations.'åää;fu

research ted iìaËpendent

I

t.

I {

i I

t t I

I

{i

"l"i;i;iåg"

i,

ll

It_

{i

ii

t'l;

"f

to have u such threats' but

targets/detainees'

;,

':'

t=

i;:

TæEËgEI/

hsne*su and consuitecl extensivêly with Department of Ïustice (Dof and National security cou¡rci (NSC) legal and policystaJf. working with in inost DoJ,s Office of Lâgal Counsel (OLC), OGC determi'ed that instances rele'raníto the coqg!1!rror!n detention and lhe crimiiral prohibition interro gation activities againsitorh*e,18 U.S.C. 2940-n408, is the conholling legal the United States' In . const¡ai:rt on interrogations of detainees outside August Z1gZ,DoJ prõvided to the Agency a legalopinion in which it detãrmined that 10 specific "Enhanced InterrogationTechniques" (Ems) would. not'vioiate the torfu¡e protribition. Jhis workprovidecl the foundation for the policy and adminislrative decisions that guide Lhe CTC Progranr. By Novemb et 2002, the AgenSY had Abu :lr- value detainee,'Abd Al-Rahj¡t

Al-Nashiri, in custod

provided medical care to the detainees'

;ffikx [""ãt*"

ãr autuLtes in ca]rles'

ro,tlsË

Proceaur.:re

deviatrons

with one

aPprovecl Proceci respect to two from aPProvecl tl^"j-,1-^ñr1%,"rv descriìred notable exception of one'Elt, the ^ Ltr'E upv "'^'slres/ those at detair-rees óf tt',u technique as *d"r" th:,P:"lt:l-^., beyoncl 2003, secu: nîuãl¡ourd, went ?e ^n LJoJ' rrÌe #bvr'r-Jå"r to describect 'u1v significant for ffi originally .t. der that ""t oral Do] concurrence ¡ef1l oPinions' legal DoJ's of

ä:ffi :r:;ffiåiñ:::ï"ï:,äJ"'q"::'¿?í:äîffiá*:

Fåiîïå'"Hil::iüåiii'..^s*inïîf:Jif ï#íf."trifi

;;0.;t

Agency efforts to provide systematic, to thoseinvolved inihe CTC. Detention clear *.a and Interrogatiori Program was jnadeqult_e at firstbub have the life of the Program as problems improved cãnsiderabfly have been id.entified. and. adclressed. cTC implemented fraining prograurs for interrã guto6 and. d.ebriefers.6 Ñf oreover, building uPon ãp"ätiot al a¡d legaiguidalce previouslysent to the field,the DCI 1-5.

ù*@

a*tg

The use of these te¡ms has terrns infezroga tion/interr'olgatüiÃa lnU"rf' gldebríeJer intercttang""Uly' A debriefer engages a since evolveã and, today,-C1C more cbárlf distinguishes their meanings' rvho completes a person a is detai¡ree solely througtr-questiott and aruruer. An interrogator certif a and quali$r, to tfain, designed is lrvo-week interrogâtionsir**g program.which of a an,interrogation during EITs canadminjstãr Arüånrtator pefson to adminis-terEnr: as detainee the äe!inee only after the field, in coordi¡iationwith I'Ieadguarte¡s, asæsses to a rvitlrholcting inJormation. An inteúogator tlansitions üre detainee from anon'cooperative throùgh intelligence actionable cooperativJphase in order that a debäefer can elicit a detainee techniques duringdebrÍefing sessionË. An interrogator may debrief

ror,-uggr.rrí.re

du_rin[ãn intenogation; howevei,

TÕPEEeB*TI

a

debriefer may not interrogate a detainee.

l:i:-'-' .:¡1, '7 -', -,. \V¿;'t-::' :t.::r'+-z:=:.'

'

'i-.êË

,:''æ

.#-.r,,É!=ë1,#î*iÆl i'

on28Januarvzooas,q.,l*,,1#,î;Ir":î",irÎ'rf for ClA DrE

iffiåffi

ñr'sUpporting interrogo*t'"- -r---

of

-tlie

ääJäî oracÉce of

r.qoffi,il

Headquarters fi"ld tg obtain specific

"óT;;"-î*i#¡f:ff Guidelines are'an Guicleline,

f

"

for

room tu*t * "'uttantïal 'n"iåJ';-"" misinterpretationPaïJäï";;;;'äÃ;'vcletentiona^d

;*

'¡,#fî*1":i:'ffi

lt tuttogãdon activities'

"r,.-tt, ffi

* ¿ +lltx:u':ågï:itr "¿ i:iËi'r'" th3usa'ds or :fl* n:H of îi t*,,#;;;;' supporting the rhe crc nr"g'"åîoî

'ã'J'"¿ reports arrd ffi]õroclucis d military i*dividuaf irrr.ffiäï*u u's' p outy*uteis an counte rteuo'i"ou"=rtã' commærders'

tT

*''ir

F#ffi

I-nterrogatîon Pro Adminis E aÉon

"ffi;

#î',îî,'ål ot aiu.,

/ä

ffitiffi ;'';'Pii l

"^*

*r*yandruresff;;"îäil""itrå'tri1¡"åfr

# ** gency

previous

A

ïllllllllllllll:?,äiff"'

l#:î:'::ers'personar the Agenry trSî'ff ïi#tr'å,::i':'.T'iilffi eÏfectiveness of í"d üilt;tPúo'i* *"ü; reputation', itself.

tA.

"'

t

rar definitely if approPnâre

:*î'.1å.*';:"t':mî:ïiËî*i;i5i+5å'*å#iä

:fr:ri;il:ni"i'*",i,:iåi:ffä:in'î'öandamonsNsc' ÌõrsË$n'Eu

i'.#=;i!ç--rt.¡¿.:îg:i:.:,,.i1.:i11t¡åìrî:.

j

j:,.::

j.,

îÕPsEeREr/

Defense Deparlmenf, and. ]ustice Deparlment officials, no decisions on any "endgarne" for Agency detainees have been made. senior Agency officíals see th.is as a policy issue for the U.S. Government tuth.t thun a CIA issue. Even wTth Agency inítiatives to address the endgame with policymakers, some detainees who carmot be prosecuted will likely rernain ín CIA custody indefinitely. The Agency faces potentially seriou.s long-term polìtical and legal challenges as a result of the CTC Detention anci Interrogation Program, particularly its use of EITs ancl the inabiliby of the U.9. Gover:rrment to decide what it will ultimately clo with terroristsrdetainect by the Agency. 19.

This Review makes anumber of 24. recomlnendations that are designed to sfrengthen the managenrent and conduct of Agency detention and intefrogation activities. Atthough the DCI Guideljnes were an in'rportant step forward, they rvere only designed to address the CTC Pro

.!+¡:'

:. ii:.

ir-*:*.,'

''#,

"

'á*#*i{*;*r"-'ft=¡

tt':*'-'-'&.'

TöT"sË$"ErJ

BACKGßOUND

22 rq

q:

åråT*îiii"*:ä,,î'Ëidiä"å''äi:"* w;' Ag:"q pe¡sorrrrel vi"E

inrcrrogation of i¡ rhe urúted states.

îi*

,l-"

"*

ii:ï*î#ä.*::*îîä*Tf#È*:iä{"*îil'ïöï'd-" teachingi,lterrogoatiäiùl*'i""11t:îi:t"å31i.*i";ipãri*i'ur. liaison re

;"ìil;d;

to foster foreign

T,;;ur¡i.rål*

sensitivitiesthe'r"îö6D*":iili"'#t.**ä:ru.:':Ëî officers from usmf iotU^¿" AgencY

haining Progra.:r1 cLe%r6'rrvu intero gãtion techniques'

I

I

{

" -

tr'

on

allegationt':f Tittonduct 23. lS) !í\ 1984' O19,j'*t'-1T1"U rt: -^-at ""t

I

I I

i

q

à Ë

,' rl fr,.

bl

li¡ t.,

å: år

.--r

ffi

Hea d'quar ters interr o gations, debrie f in gs, an d hum an rights issues' cable guidance sent officers to brief statiäns and Bases and provided to tlr.e field.

24. lS) In 1986, the Agency endçd the HßE-training Program because oi ailee"Uons of human rights abuses in Latin America'

which iemains in effect, e¡Plains policy:

¡

.l

lr

Á-gency'sgeneralinterrogation

l.ii:,:..,

.t.:

-. -'- .. '

:*13i,

::F1å++t::tææ:'":'-:"*rê¡

õp"sÊ$Rçr/ I

DISCUSSION

I

GTNESTS OF PO ST

9I

11

N ¡IND T{IEXRO G,4TIO AON¡ICY DETEÑTTON

ACTTVITTES

vernent

ffi¡ÏØg!*dd

responsibiüry for zZ. [57f$R) The DCI delegated

:;:; å::i J iä:,':' i"u": ;*:; ;¡"= -er ät¿.#ij:i:il.!@

impie men

"

*"

inclucling OGC,

A s encv

co

*''

rnp onents'

C

7 (u//Eouo) DoI takes thepositionth::::-c,:ffi1;i#;:Xl*ïJ,Ë'"i'$äìi'äli*-t to oraer n"äiå e-toJJ I cónstitrttional authoriry

îö%-sËÊREs/

understand

the sco

*

1'.åiffit3ä%l To assist Agut

28.

çy.

offlçiulg

researchecl, analyzed, and issues. These included

wrotè "draft" papellon mglg dísctrssions of

n'

shared these

"draft" papers rvith Agency officers

Trrr c¿¡nrn¡ orá.ru ZwAw,+H

At:{D

DEwLoPME¡vr or EITs

The caphrre of senior Al-Qa'ida operative 30. Fqn) Abrr Zubaydah on 27 March 2002 presented the Agency with the opportunily to obtai:r actionable intelligence on fuh¡re threats to the United States flom the nrost senior AI-Qalda member in U'S. custody ent of an intenosation at that !ime. This accelerated CIA's deve

TöFsË${rgv

TörËaRsrJ

*:::-

'Io treat the severe wotrnds.thatAbu 31. .dedhim upon rtrs {-avru*ii""lã"f.åËa his ouestioning f Zubaydah,of Zubaydah suffered å:äi¡iffi questior carefrom i";åi"" meclical 9*":T^*, ,r'rro Aøencv *tJt utt.*uri

lTsl-."

."ãffih*iTÏî3:'i:f Jö"yrr::s:iî.hiåî:.,1 ä:.ffiïffiff1;xiJill"ff non a Ã9u Ï":ï=ffi

tìît.*'ig"te

3ub

non-PhYsical elicitation

lvgil

vcl

ffi

ffi-rwithho

ent thrã at information'

h"dJ,T"

#;;:*d;;;æ.

iãrn¡l 'T"-"ã

rvrite a paper "^äöìä;;;sirtuo.å

uo-rs'¿a--;'

-

Prosraln' io iritu"ogation teclmiques'l3

ä##fififf ñ;i'ã; r'oininsffi;:": Cor-nte¡meastlr( rechnïques: A

i;lH^ r

the

j:'sequentiv' ElTs

new and more aggressive a[sÍof åïtJ"Ped two psychorg"ì' ininterrogations' that they

ru.o***áud

i:

fär use

"o#,ï11îî"'u.1o,,u,

[tr]'.$:ìîiilT"3#ïìrJàï "rr*.a î'*î:il',"iî}u,1ri"l1-^':ffi ,ll.i;1mnr;¡';çåq"H{i;,tïfly.fr a egency (rpRA).

lu,*,,ìî,îäì*'uÌ"'toi^i*'io*

onerations forces $'ho

;iriffi;;t"ught äË;;;"1Ñ, vJar.

hò* to sü¡vive invadous

terr

to preve' aird conduct themsel'es

o,

:J-:il

-¿1 ääl

i

rr¿.9:---:1'....

!;í,.t¡r.î .,,, u,... ¿ì¡ê¡,i.-=iì :, :¡, i;g*í:j::åi::r:ssi:=ÉÉ.:Ë:;jr_iiri,.:ii'ifti :::::-:.:. L=i_-V-zjt¡L;--;.¡'¡¡

*

CIA,'_OTS obrainect data on tiæ use of the otential l ong-terrn P-sTchglogical ef fects on prCI posed from ãetai¡rees. OTS input waibased in part on information solicited in the area a number .of psyct oloSisæ and knowledgeable acaclemics of psychopathologY.

Ur. ÈgE)

Em#ãÌftili

":,å;Hffi

P

ä.':åïå

i:ffiiJå ?:3if il

",, training aIlcl'aty subáequent psy,choiogical effects on sbudents' SERE DoD/IpRA cãnciudeá no long-terni psychological. effects resultecl from use of the EITs, including the most taxing technique' the waterboard, on SEIì,E students-.r¿ The OTS analysis rvas used by OGC in evaluating the iegality of teclrniques' Eleve. EITó were proposecl for adoption i¡ the CTC Interrffi%rogram. As proposed, use of EITs would be subject to a co*jpete^t eva'Íuadon of-themedical anct psychological state oi the d.etaineã. fnu Agency elirninatecl one proposecl

35. tlS[

t.J*iqn.*rio

t"ttttir.g rroT n9l mi.tfr::?::ld

detay ti u t"fiGiãiliËfoilowing textbox identífies the l0 EITs the Agency described to DoJ.

to in
l\lccorcling

.l:l-!í':: '':::.:.'

Enlran cecl Interrogation

Techniques

åri:,'íi!'trfis ü^ïfr'trîx#ft:äf dlal H:åîi"i::ili#ïff the detainee grasp, ag the

:;":ili:'

#k**ig;u*¡**;;**t***,*It # .r ^...r lhpn ouickly i

same motior,r

" :,--i:

firnrlY Pushcd into

ö;Ïi*

-

*",lå,#iï:Ïäf':':{

*ï.;"*'***'*"' awa)'

Places an oPen Pal

ht

o

weu gettips are kept rrre raciar

with

"i:"*fflXt"'-i:Jîìffi"ri:,1f1..:tJ'".t"f'f"'Iiiiuuäut"i"""t rrob e'

'iltr'åi iiiiïÎ"ru.tt'u ,rncrarnpe'r':*ï:ffi "

"o"u'p

onci in

s

ea

lff "i'"',îiî:'itåjåÏüii'ï'f, t-piäùit"

'Xj:î"$::ÏT;*

ta¡t uP to

r?'gt Plo'I.,ours and in une rarglr rw

,äïlì "i no

o

-^..^.,r arrart. The

18

hotus'

than insect ìn the box a hanrrless ''tore in'uolve placíng a confinementìrox Insects place{ in

. ;T,iïii"*

*:ff

hìs feet sPread aPP

:îfu

,.r,jft""ffi m,å***1""i't

ä";;ìli;' not*'.1",#îï:ö:Ïåff allc cletainee is

+ "

h

'

- -:

t

^ r'arrin ø

the detainee sit

o*

tã ä'u

the Jloor ou u

r'i'

a

leanl on the floor lvhile l-read or toreelin6

wiJl not exceecl Sleep cleprivation

'

'T;o.d, i

iuu

iii ä? ff ïì1*"l"ii #jtangle' extended:Tï::j,ä-"iir* il";t 45ffclesee

e a pp rica rionoiåiå.;J"ïljl ;i,h ñi' legs

.r

oi

11' clays at a

tiare'

:';.,:'iïtï;"';: r d": 'rhe : ffi"iil; ; ñ:Î :'^Ïob'íz i"il;;::;,h:--i,î:r:rli:Tä:ì:il:[î:,î",]",ffi n:i';.iä;.:;;:il*l.:13åffiXS; ffiTä:ì his arrove ;';:ïï:11 o1a ele feet erevated rã" ¡ççr --1n.",

e

a

cr

p p t ic a tio n.o

oencrr wlut ru% "llllli.,for ?'0r, to iÏiifi'ililt"' ;ffiií,;ti*s - -ì^d, n*er ovlr tl¡e p-laces- a cìoth 1ä:::'ïoi"*ir ".i:;;.:;",'....uo' Airftow rsrestricted mumer' and an interrogator 1¡]:'l5:ììed - r strrfocation' ^,'rr, and Û'e ctoth in a controlle" oiîtu*il.'g T;';ï :iiffiä'"Jo U"l,l;*"ordrownirrgands'lrrrocation ;îiäil1,"^îJ,'::i:]1:i';Tj:knf produces " anci the tecnniclue rr.\$

i0

seconds

'""

I

Dal

rccaLlrNÁLYSIS

CIA's OGC sought gtddance from Do] of EITs vis-à-vis indivicttrals detainecl The ensuing legai opirúons focus on an'd OtherCrttel' I'humane a*d Degrading Treatnient or Punishme.lt (T9rture. Convention) '2 2340' U.S'C' ^o esp"ecially"as iinplemented in the U,S. criminal code,lB 36,

23404.

g7, (J / /FoUo) Tlre Torttrre Cor.rverrtion specifically prohibits "torture," which it clefines in Article 1' as: any act by wlúch seaere painor suffering, whether physical or as mãntal, íí íntentionally inflicted on a pers.on for sucJ'r purPoses confession, a or information obtaining from hÍm or a third person or is punistrin-g him for an act he or a third person has comrnitted or him or coercing ä,rspectuã of having committed, or intimidating any of a third Person/ ot f#t *y reasonbased on cliscrimination kinci, rvhen such pain oi suffering ís inflicted by or ai the instigation of or lvith the consenior acquiescence of a pu6lic official u, oiiu, prrson acting i¡r an official ca¡''ädry' It does not ind'de pain or slffering arisfig only from, in¡ere.nt in or incide*ial tr: iawful sanchión. [Emphasis added']

A¡ticle 4 of the'Iorture Convention Provides that states PaIty to the Convention are to ensure that all actì of "tortalre" arc Offenses turder their criminal iaws. Article 16 adclitionaliy provides tl-rat each state parfy "shall untl.ertake to preveni in any territory utder its h'eatment or iurisdiction other acts of cruel, inhutnan or degrading !lrtrittl**t lvhich d<¡ not amount to acts of torture as defined in Article 1."

is (U//FOUO) Adopted 10 December 'i-f--

Treaty l)oc. No. 100-20 (198S) 1465 U.N.T.S' 85 entered into force for the United States Convention (entered into force 26 June 1984. The Tolture on 20 November 1994. 1984, S.

i,'ai

t!:;'!:t!""

:,....+-:.::-l

1

.,)t=é:-t

;" "

38.(U//FoUo)TheToritulConventionan'rriltotheUnitecl uod ut'attstandings the' re;;;;;;;

oîJått withexplainecl States only in utt rt*:ii;än;.ti?l''1,4s qu macle by the u^it;,ffi;,;, "* Brancl-r prior to ratification: ã'àtoti"" to thr: Senate oy 'nî

U'S' broacler than existing Article 16 is arguably t o'äãäì,'å treaünen " cruel, inhu ma* str u iriternat ion al in

u^iversar

'l'he pluase

l:liÏl:Iîii "Î'i'^'n' meÏüäilä #ou en cov

"' ,'ää;ä ;;"'"' o rr r

las''

i

Decraratiol'"îiìïã* tug1]:_lï

Intemati'onal

"'''unt

I^ä*ü"^a'.':.11i:i:ï;iî$*îllïXlfil",:l,l','J;".,''"

;' i;trffi ::îitî :iTli:;appears Ë:åltî,r l*ffiî-iïffål,"; roughì{:1"1"åïh.'i,f,tt-, be to uunrshment tvuji**ä E'ighth a^d in the united states uär.¿ i,ioirt*.',t, iiÏ;il;r A*u''d*u''ts' "De gradii g- :ïh h ea*nent ilffi ;ììühas been interpreted Tl'.9tttt:1i inclu cling c"îruttttion.

J.."îï

h'wever, ,iJ ;; ;'r

ñ robabrv "oi b' P':)l::Tii :L: ;;; i"d"'idua* s lXl+;+1,,i¡ifrii:rr:,lxä*'":L'U;m;t;,i1';i1i$"" to lrp gerrcìer charrge

TB1,.^,,^^ qlâtêq corìstrues the pÌrrase

äake ctear that the

ffiäñiîñ"d;stancling

trre frm "rhe uniterl states rrncìerstands .tü^äü;eatme¡rt ": t

ilre Converrti<¡tr,

is

'1.;efitllì:iåi'"åt

::ï::i"ll"ilTli-*s-r"ot** eF

iitution of tl'te

ffiphasisadded'l

treaties' ìrut

#o"u'ntio'' on 16(U]viennaConventiorront]reLarvofTreiìties,23May1969,ll55UNTs'331(e¡rte¡edinto

ø,ìu)t lorce27

JanrLary JantLary

Ine urutur¡ urrr'"- - 1e80)' rte.unit:'f:1"','^11l;; 1980).

1? iu /

/Fouo)

100-20' at 15-16' s. Treaty Doc' No'

lä;;itü;;gärds

iis provisiors

.i larv, ntiÏl':í$ii;;*a

lnrational as customarv r¡rtc

ji'

"".i:-Ì*i,".iÊ¡.rîi.:.:;¡

ln accordance with tl're convention, the United States criminaíized. acts of torture in 18 U.S.C. 23404(a), 39. (u

//Fouo)

wlúcl'r provicles as follows: whoever outsicle the united states comrnits or attenrpts to comlnit torhue shall be fined under tlús title or irnprisoned not more than 20 years, or both, anct if cleath results to anyperson irol conduct pt.,hibitud by this subseclion, shall be punished by death or irnprisonect ior any term of years or for life'

The statute adopts the Convention definition of "torttue" as "an act committedby a person acting urder the color of law specificallyintenclec{ to infh#t sel'ere physical or mental pain or suffering (otl'rer than pain or suffering incidental to lawful sanci-ions) uPon another purror. withjn his cuJtocty or physical conh-ol."l8 "severe physical acicled a !ain and suffering" is ¡roifurther clefined, but Congress ãefinition of "severe mental pain or suffering:" from[T]he prolonged nrental harnr caused by or resulting (A) the intentional infliction or th¡eatened infliction of severe physical pain or suffering; (B) the achnfurishation or application, or tht'eatened tanc es or a ct ministra tton or' applica tio¡r, of n'Lin cl'altering sttbs other procedwes calèulatecl to disrupt profoundly the senses or the personalily;

(C) the th¡eat of ùnminent deathi or

threat that another person ].ill imminently be subjected to death, severe ptrysical pain or sufferirrg, or the administration or application of rninct-aliering substances or other procedurescalctrlatecl to clisrupt profounclly the senses or pe.sonality. . . .19

ÇD) the

T'hese statutory clefi¡ritions ale consistent rvith the ttncl.erstandilgs and reservations of the United States to the'llc¡rtLrre Conventio¡l.

18

(u//Fouo) le (u//Fouo)

18

US.C. æ40(1).

18 U.5.C. æ40(2).

nitr!-', ;ffig':!;!u¡1{#t

ii'¿i-'-l':'-'" "'

: -'ìií':El

'

îoTsÊeR,Er/

40.

(u/ /Fouo)

rorr're statute, ra

DoJ has

"tu::

of the prosecuted' a violation

ïls1i#äá+q' 1"a 'rL'á the'restrlts

i'

1ìo

caset^ï

fr:tä.Tå'.,

of its researc the suntmer tã DoJ's OLC in th:.:l:tttunts of the

its provisio"'' oCäiltt*t-¿ issues under U.S.¡aïiffi.ä*ä**t

f.* "t 1 August 2002 J";i^ssified of 2aa,zurd receiväa preliminrrr:"*** *Fv the torture statute r'Jïoí¿ ':Ë:'* orc t ãndusions r.egarding tlt t"a conclucled that ot-c lesat *t*"":åãä;;i sìäit torture the of tr'n' ure specifically Droper interpretatän *a or isuô.io,.,2340A nï:::ä;'^.o rvhethermental "rit.,ì"ä, "extreme intencleci t" ¡''niti 'u"u'u Ptl :' :*""* äJItímust be of at., ohvsical."' AL:"oLä;;J"'I g: Uï true]' ¡u'tuTill or degrading' intensity to i-,uí.rru" and' thai "'certain ^to*uy of fl-t it'l:til" p1ilu"*t'trãiog bot still "ot p'oäott

alrw'1rins""iäilsä04'spros*tåäffitr:tïH;;Jï*.' of intenoeo Po*" ",. ä;;itt* the reqrrisite level

f

plry

si

ca

rp

a

in

am o u n,iie

j"

::,

^',ï:ilîî:åïfräi ::l'l, Ë:1*

For purelv to the paitt trcconp*y]"s':::":Ïi.i;i,;;;uJ" t:läîï.,.i";ture áuotb'.'Secdon 2340' bodíly of uncter failure, impairment to aÑrunil:^i"il;;; suffering o* gr pti''t ment'aì gical har nr ooitig.,'ttfit'^"' I :t " ri ;1fi , R"v.t',oto g", ri r,TT';i years'" ,,.,r., r,, "r for mónths or even durah<¡n' ä;i;:ft

tt'

Section'331["":$::'llålTt' a violation of oLC determjnecl that ot t'l:iefendant's "Precls( * us ti [v irrfuctiorr "f d ef eru e äuo' "úgl ä-u i'"'ttt tion 2340

J;;;;"

o concloata inrerr o garior., äu

al

s

tr-,o

i

"ity ¿s rhar

*."ffi;il;*dtt

v iõt a tå sec

^'22 anv other

opilion äääi;äã*tt.whether rhe Augrist zo;ä óic iî'i" J""111"' treatment' arrd

í;; 'i' 'i11"î flre Uiríted States'23 ";ü;' tio''t ãf ãtoi""uu ot't'iãu

provision' interro

ga

20 tU¡ /fOUO) Legal \'lenrorandum' 2oü2)'

;; ù:J.å.äo-æloÃ

Re:

urcle¡ Conduct for lnterrogation $andarcls of

(1August

21 çu¡lFouo) Ibid-, P'1' 22 (u I /Fouo) Ibid', P' 39'

'*ïi*r' :rîriirîî'f rsí*qï,î*"*n',+i'i*l*:***,ffi for victinrs tortltre' of

L

To?sÊenssJ

::";Íi i##ï-:*'!*.':'-:¡¡r,:'--- r-¡;o

41..(s//FoUo)Asecondunclassifiedl.August2002oLC opinion aàclressed the international law aspects of such me lhods illt"oo gutions,24 This opinion concludecl that iirterrogation the Torhrre that clo not violate tg U.S.C .2g4}wou1d not violate of the convention an
tff'"d;';

c ;f ;a#IA.zs (Appendl \- r t.

ffi:

t'

l:

"f T]-" .?1dï::'^1 CIA's Acting General bottot*t, rliscussed whether the çr1gLs,:1Ït" et,l*t tUof EITs i:r interrog"ti"g Abu ZubayclahrvouJ'{.violate prohib i bi on on toitr¡r'u I ft,u opiniol conclude d ütul 1t : :{"TÏ::1 ibrr Zubayduh would rìot víolate the torh-rur-e statute.bei..lTt?:j11ilg other .thingu, Agur,.y pu.roo,tel : (1) woulcl l: t tq :tilitly ilf:1.1: . *ff.ting, and (2) rvould not Ìn fact inflict severe "i pain or suffering. I

This oLC opiniolwas based uPol't 43. cIA con.ce*it g the marmer ínwhich EIl's specific ,.pr"ãæ/ ôodd be àpplied in the irrterrogation of Abu Zubaydah' For "no last example, Of.C rn¿as told that the EIT "phase" lvould,iikely The EI'Is ,,rore than several days but corricl lasf up ¡o thirty dl't." .. not necessarily would ali ancl basis" woulcl Lre used on "arr as+reeded "in sc¡me sort of be used. Further, the Eil-s \Â,ele expecteci to be trsecl not escalaiing fashion, cuiminating with the wateÏboard though the ElTs nu.urrurñy encüng with this te-chniqtte." Although some of

%sEl[

ol'c aiso noted that coults may of conduct, although a single incident coul
rrffÃgi'

(1Ausust2002).

,utu*EN{e¡norandumfor}olrnRizzqActingGeneralCotrrrsetoftheCentral

fr,teìngm[ã-.Ç,

"Interrogation of ai Qaida Operatiye' (1 August 2002) at 15'

::.t-r

,;i'{''_-

.'

îÕp-s$e*år/

ti"""'

;il;;

ev er

a

ar ter i" rnightbeusedmorethanonce'.'Tu'repetitionr¡'illnotbesuìrstantiaì l" J that: rvas explained it b e c ar', e tr''. t.'n'ii'q'åö;; 1q *utu'to*d' tr-tu repetidonr." witttî;;J;"

is bouncr . ' . tire incrividuar ir,¿i"i¿''¿'s feet are

s

I

::'"fÏåi:ff:tr*iîi:t';;;'Ïìi

8:ne1tttg""ili;i,iin' ãi'i' t" is then apli:'åiti.';t;Ïì:ä ^untir it forehead ""iï;;'-\i/^ter As this O 1'-""å;ä tää"t¡ is saturated ar"td cont¡otied *unnu'' i"î"' îr.I" ão now is sri ghtlv iî*"'Til"h :Ïå: i:ffiì#lï io'u'on¿'.¿""'å til P;tt:"" "l llå;:ilïöi .

* '"Jöìå iì ã"ü"" ¿':ä:ÏJï:;5;ålllllÏ;;u .'n"

reshictecl

car*es

"'iJå'i

:Ì:iå-"å,: Iti::riilirïäij+r:ipåru***rf "suffocation and inc\:ient Poil? îrrngr. During

those

*.iår'i",i t",

u-re indivic{rral does it 20 to 40 secónds'-wa'.":

rl.il l lreight of It2 tified' and thc

""lb':1t::;i;i;;;;il.¿

::,11äi"-.tå,i'tå erro:/. io 2+j inclres' After this f

iî,Hif#llitr"g$ ""' :i::ä)åï w a ter

is

usuallv o pp-lild

ft

3-

""io*"ti "

iåËiää'i'ff tlr i$;ffii'ffi'*Håiîfr: cirowning' [Ilt applicatioir' is likelY that

¡'t u"y ott"

than 20

'it'*ltt Finally,.theAgenqP':Ì:1ì::1:Jf#åhîi:î,îli':t;it'":-:::,,. *t-tol:'Ë;;"#;; and rvitln

rhat the use of E1'fs program SERE the psychologi"î'î*ttted with oiC reliecl on these ot æ'* iong no woulci. cause that no oirvsical lra¡n cäctusion its on him.f the representutioï] toìîpport run.rraï."ii frorn t'e uit

¿t ., /rtruy,tal-t

*t"tii"h-;:

orotonged

j|.ir.,

Ë;;;;itl"ding

ffi

r.ãiå

tne waterboard'

z¿

,i:i,':*îitîl:!:tlii*:!ï*:#Ë:,

'.*¡ ì"ìr* oLC opínion' 'ln retrospect' based on u ç -i.-ry arr or uÌ: aPPre.ra l. of t¡rs EIT was"uit*llutu IT"äi.àtîn;iìnt ieportea sophistication *¿ that the powerr-H'j as

it retared to the warerliorå,

ilËï;,ñimore,

exp olufs contends thatthe

ouurr,ored in rhe otr

ir* snnn !åyaorofistliruerrogators

-1:i-i-ii

i,lai.-.

oGC conrinLlecl to consult ivith DoJ as rhe 44. %Smj CTC Interrogation frogrâm and the trse of EITs expandecl beyoncl the interrogatioñ of Abu Zubaydah. This resulted in ihe producfion of or, ondutud and unsigneddocu:nrent er-rfitled, "Legai Principles Applicable to CIA Dãtention and Inte'rogation of Capture Aî--ea,ida persorur.e1."27 According to OGC, ihis analysisryas 91f coordinated witlr ancl drafted in substantial part by OLC. In adclidort to'reaffirmilg the previous conclusions regardíng the torhrre stafute, ihe analysís ånciúdes that the federal lVar Crimes statute, 18 U.S'C' 2441, does not appty to Al-Qa'ida because members of that grouP aÎ--e not entitled to ptito.t.t of war status. The anllysis adds that "the or [Torh:r'eJ Convention permits lhe use of [cruei, inh'uman, degfacling treaffirentl in exigent circtrmstances/ such as a national u*lutgut^t.y or waf." It also states that the interrogation of Al-Qa'ida tlu*b"rs d.oes not violate the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendrnents because those provisioru clo not aPPly extrater:rítoria!, nor ctoes it violate the Eighth Amendinent because it only applies to persons upon rvhom.ti*irrut sancLions have been irnpclsed. Filrally, the anatysis states that a wirle range of BITs a¡rcl other techniques rvould not ccxrstituie concluct of the type that woul.d be prohibitecl by tl-re Fifth, Eighth, or Fou¡teerr'ûr.Amencltnents evelÌ lvere they to be applicable: 'Iihe use of the

following techniques and of comparable, approved

techniques cloes nOt violate any Federal statute or other law, s'here the CIÁ interrogators do uot specifically íntend to cause the detainee fo urclergo severe physical or mental pain or suffering (i.e., ihey act with the good faitl'ì.lreltef that their conduct rvill not cause such pain or suffering): isolation, reduced caloric infake (scl long as the amount is calculated to maintain the general health of the cletainees), deprivation of reading material, loud music or lvhite

the waterboard v,¡as probably nrisrepresented at the time, as the SERË rvaterboa¡cl experience is so differcnt from the snbsequent Agency usage as to make it al¡nost irrelevant. Consequently, according to OM$, there rvâs ao a príori reason to believe thaf appllng the waterboard wiih the frequency ancl intensity'rvith rvhich it'r.r'as usetl by the psVchologist/irrterrogators was either eflicacious or med.ically safe.

,zhqm..LegalPrinciplesAppIicabtet
aop*rffii

rersonner,

bnspensv

¿rracneu,o-ilffi*.r

u J ur is

¿uvJi.

'

level noise (at a decibei

calcullt-di

tle avoid damage t9

tlffñ$$,firåg¡5$ii#j*gr+-#diaPers, the ul

Acco r crirrs,g g

G

C' this

an

a

$

T-:it itî

f*äå:lg,::i;i:î'"1fi in that oPinion'

;åt:iîiäliiä: î^

"

fä#;ãJt,*i,r,econcritiorrsthat

;J;;;.iried

Norrcr ro /1¡lD colvsutrÂTloN

t?¿l

wrfl

Exncurwr¿'vo Co¡¡cREssIoNÂL

OETTCTALS

45:

üre legatitY of E '

p"uóä'ri

ánd senio'

;äJ#tratioriof

fiåiob' Tht

uct

the legal o f f icìals on

*1 ï^.r"*äîäiitv ï"î* brief ed un n, "n proposed*"'Ifr ioärulioruoo'"i*öi'"îÏ'{îå3:i"#iin"t Oversight Comrn wìth NSc

åiiå

Ïntelligerrce ãf tflu Congress'""^f and EITs' both standarcl iåtfrrliqots

Fs#

*a of the G"ou'utffiill'

tltgiîÎî,#;ïîf:it

early ?'90?' tury9 tontinueó to inform

F

officïals^^u*lîäilüor.r.îcã"g'essionalOversight i; tÌt; cT c ? r o g r am' Th t t"t"*'l ;; c

o

e

mmitteu' " iuì t:tr''ä'''-

actions' Agency'p"t'f'JuTy*uotø*ti''"î'uürattheseofficialsandthe of and apProve CIA's u*ä. ir. Hotrse åffir;J*

Conrmitre.,

**l"twithwhite

#ä;iãigg^iî" rpîr. co'nser*d;ff;;,,¡äñsci:iiär;;.*l'-iiffiål?iîil'ir.u co*tr beøirning in Decern Detention and and offict ;;;i "f u'u"¿'r1uJrlilu"crc's u"¿ them on the "oit lnterrogation Prb granr'

TTre Gener^r

Representatilel t'"t'""ï;;;;iÃfruiß :f and the General ¿2. e s ence o r,t\e P-r 1i''Co.u.wel, :corrtinued ä. *tt '"**;iltïTærd to bner I "J*'r"p detentions1n bo.o*el, deteptions.n February --^ ^for"n. o use the "ncl on t Comrnittees

.tt-??* L: EsE) *" pru,.,i..år*I"ui'.:::"",::_::ii##;i,ilrnterigelc:,-. ::i ñ;i' ;:i l:o" continu' ., õ;;;ùi

,.ïË.1 iffiæ,æ:'":g:=l

rÊi1!.*-;:-Ér-rri

and. March 2003. The General Counsel says that none of the participants expressed any concem about the techniques or the

Prograrn. On29 Jrtly 2003, the DCI anct the General Corrnsel proviclecl a-¿ãtaiied briefing to selected NSC Principals on CIA's deiention and interrogation efforts involving "lúgh value d.etainees,,, to include the expanded use of EIfs.2S According to a Memorandum for the Record.preparedby the General Counsel followin¡5 that meeting, the AttorneyGeneral confirmed ihat DoJ of the expanded use of various EFfs, including multiple ^pptonuà a!!hcations of theìvatêrboard.2e The General Counsel said he bãiieves everyone in abtendance was aware of exactly what CIA rvas doing with réspect to detention and interrogation, ancl approved of the effort. According to OGC, the senior officials were again briefecl regarcling the CTC Program on 16 September 2003, anc{ tl're lnieltigence Committee leactership was briefed again in September 2003. Ág.ain, according to OGC, none of those involved in these ìrriefürgs expressed any reservations about the! program. 48.

G

wn nN cnoru c/uÏruRr/ "ETEMrroN/,{ND

INTERRo

GrtrIoN

Guidance ancl traÍning are Éunclarnental 49, to the success and integrity of any endeavor as operationally, politically, and legalLy complex as the Agency's Deterrtion and Irrterrogation Program. Soon afterg /tI, the DDO issued Fuid of terrori the standards for

The DCI, in Janua.ry 2003 approved formal "Guidelines on Confinement Conditions for CIA Detainees" (Appenctix D). and "Guidehnes on hrterrogations Conducted 50.

(U//FOUO) Memorandurn for

Tü¡SE$RE.I/

the

-!-;..tirl r;.3::1--:::j';-'r:'

t-ì::E

-+:!t

^-"

Tõr,:st¡er+gl/

ffiH

briefings ancl eì r'-'c trt'** :: tieltt Håuaqi.^rters, to the

t .orrrr.rroi@

rroi-sr.etur;

;ï:ì"':Ï;'

I

I

I :

:

;

I

I

i I

! I

;; manage detentior.

Tffi*'or,v

iõrsr-lffiFr-'

2oo?'

review

uideli.nes and si

'[hey urus[ grnerrt thattheyhave

done so.

.

!s¿El

Th* uCI Gricleli*es s^pcr:ifv legal "mirtimums" alcl reqtrire th¡t "dr.rc proi'ision ¡nrr$t be takcn to protect the health and safety ol'alì CIA clel¿rinees." I'lio C,r.rideli.nes clo not require ûrat conctittons ci f co rrf i rrt-:¡rrcrt t ;r t tirt: cle tr:¡r l i on facil.i ties conform to U.S. prison or other stancl¿rrcls. At a rni:ü¡nuur, itolvever, detention facilihes are to provicle'basit: levels of rrre.ciical care: 59.

Further, the guidelines ¡:ror,ide thai:

D CI

lnterrogation Guideline$

to 60. (È/Ê{'EI Prior Ianyat12003'

cTc

and

oGc

;T{i"-" disseminatuag,,iåi;.Jïi^å^ur",:.äi|.,îffi ilf ;lå:ffi o g a dons terr äJ-to^u u' *', îS;ääitråi* A;;. *uã w ¿ i'.rsintoo d' o r t"1 a,. urd,e Ç"ttty *^i'19::" qement *o"t *lv"il"J Agencv led ;;""s" an atlÎ; *itÉ ti',. g*¿*'åT'åiTj"¿" No1 did the comPlr u

agreed to

rnaintâin"'"#:il:T'i:.i'-:T:"-ti"ái"i¿"^tswhohadbeen cedu'es' iìiätii"" i'iioi s gu tion pto

engaged

å;iff,i*entation' ã,,i¿.ü*.,,,.."Jî*offi:ilrr';ffi * üle aPyßLqv¡Y ffi:f; and have completed

6z (sfÊffir

rhe DCI

Ii:T^:îåf"åfäïöïn1;ff .,,

* "'î'îi :;in::';fi*ffi'w ï,iffi"',f

ana o ürer

personneiacrinsä;J'*ùl;-!*liliiiå:fäJ-:'iîiffi -".,

ä J;ff'ä:' l#n::; ::*:f,'åI"åf

EïtrE#REll

"i'rrhanced

ìöpseengÏ/ Techrrtiques."33 EITs require advance approval from Headquarters, as clo standard techniques whenever feasible. The field must d.ocument the use of both standard techniques.and EITs.

h$,f

rhe DCI Intenogation G*idelines define "standard interrogátioñtãcluúques" as techniques that do not incorporate significant physical or psychologicai pressure. 'Ihese techLrriques include, but are not iimited. to, alllawful forms of questioning employed by U.S.Iaw enforcement a-nd military interro ga tion p ers orurel, Amon g s tærdar cl interrogation tecluiques are the use of isolation, sleep deprivation not to exceed 72 hours,u reduced caloric intake (so long as the arnoturt is calculatecl to maintai¡r the general health of the detainee), deprivation of reading .material, rtse of loud music or white noise (at a decibel level calculated to avoid damage to the detainee's hearing), the use of for limited not to exceed 72 hours 63.

T

moderate fion Guidelines do not Ps Pressure. specifically prohibit irnprovised actions. A CTC/Legal officer has saicl, however, ihat no one may emplgy any technique outside sp ecifically identified stand ard tecluúques without Headqu arters

approval.

0¿.ìæD

Efi-s inelude physical actions and are ."techniques defined as tlrat do incorporate physical or psychological pressure beyond Standard Tedmiquès." Headquarters must approve the use of each specific Em in advance. EITs may be employed only by trained and certified interrogators for use with a specific detainee ancl with appropriate medicai and psychological monitoring of the Process.3s

33

!¡fte

10

approved EITs are descibed in the textbox on pãge

15

of thls Réview'.

,uÌ¡s[AccordingtotheGeneraICourrsel,inlateDecember2003,theperiodfor sleep deprivation was reduced to48 hotus. 35 BeforeEffsa¡e

lrs¡[¡

ad

j: :i'r: : tnr!-',F ' r" ':i¿ri;>{ !:î,?::.1 ttíE-â!s.=):::

Meclical Guidelines OMS prepared.draft

r';t "'^"'

'"idelines for' gutoeutrso

,oororr-t@

65.

medical a+d

;ñFF) gations Training for Interro t

f:n

66.

1

'-

!i

.

-:.¡

btroveinb:t

11T"

fi certifY

- '

inclucling a for¡lrer SËRE inslrttctgr, clesignecì the crtrriculttnr, tr'irich i:rcluded a u'eek of cl"ìssroon'r instt¡lqtion foliorvecl "hancls-ott" hailring i.¡r EITs,

Onie certified, an interrogato¡: is .1u=gg4 ualifiecl to corrcluct 4nfnlgrrogalion

lovins EITs.

+F-.æ?i!rç{ftl

l!i¡tt::-:;:':"'.

comPly acknow te*$' tcr "'lttogutio" Guidelines' vs--rvith the DCI's lnterrogartu*

6s

#n";if i'ii*!,p

he,å a debriefing

är"'u*r'u

course for Agenc

.üä;;.,-d:1,.ff)îft1'#il:+Ë"u'Ti"*li:å"li^*

åft#*i:"' non-interr"s{"äti'åu"L'ti:L1|;:il'g1:ffif cou* rhe dv' to i tr-,. I,s*",ï.f; i:ll*. o. t ää.i,.ã; *" cp us

deemed "comPlt

c

i:Ë*;;i'*:;;ilJil"f.ï::; Interrogatio+ L

illiåiiiï¿^*+@

I

t

ÎõPsÊeFr{U Ê

"rt

t.¡:,.';r.'è!3!i!ü"iì !;;t

ri-irrstgagJ

@ffi**rt'l{,W't

15

":'::'ll:i

alithori tïre lrecess¡rt¡ I le¡'lc'ìlt¡rtcrs

1:.I1.

fP-\"c+Elr

Notcrnìrer

îöPST!RËIJ psychologist/interrogators began Al-Nashiri's intenogation Phg his itttr,idiately rrpóo his arrival. At-Nashiri pnovided lead interrogation' of utler' day or ruq first during his terrorists dllrqg other terronsts infor¡nation on otler inJor¡nation IISI oay On the fwetfth day of interrogatio"npsychologtstl interrogators adnijnistered two appGtions of the waterboard to Al-Nasiiri during two separate inierrogation sessions. ffig:^.g¡ tiuough 4 Decernber 2002f år Xr-Ñ"tr.[i.o"ut in

".d

Videotapes of Interrogations

in Heaclquarters had intense interest - r keeping ab¡eàst of all aspects of Abu Zubaydah's interrogationf compliance with the guidance provide{ !o ltte before ;ite to the uãe of Éns. Apart ftgE l$grlgguY.tl e cided ro äJ videotape the interrogation sessions. One initial purpose was to ensure a record of Abu Z;.fuayda'n's medícal condition and freahnent should he guccumb to his wo-unds and questions arise about fhe medical care provided. to himby CIA. Another puqpose was to assist in the pteparåtion of the debriefíng reports, although the team advised itCTfegal that they rarely, if ever, were gtgd for that pirrpose. There ireg2videotapes,L2 oÍ,whicS ínclùde EIT ãpp1icaUons. An OGC attorney revíewed the videotapes'in Ñovember and. Decembet 20t2to ascertain compliance with the August2002 Do] opinion and compare what actuallyhappened with what'çvas reported to Headquarters. He reported that there was n0 deviation from the DoJ grridance or the written record' zz. tFs[¡ "'\'*-r

Üincluding ï"iffi äi ;:'åi;d,;

#i;öffi ï;;,äËË;

TÍ

OIG reviewed the videotapes, logs, and ffi-.y 2003. OiG identifiect 83 waterboarcl cables alrlr]ications most of which lasted less than L0 seconds.rr 78.

ålJk"î,iii.Yï;î;;i*tifli""ål]'åi:nccnstit'lrtedeacrr TCIr"sË!Rnt/

i=+;iå!ã'¿';';;ål

iüÌÎ:;i:"' "'

ît'-r--errl gauon

'"ffii'r;ffi:ï:i fu*um::

fi*íl;:ilfïffi

ZI-ßuu¡¡ yvr¡v-[ffi3^":1"'.-waterboar"sessions' Y^e-- LrL!' videotapes. olr the Y-'- l¡ed. on rrvv captureo YYeÙ not that .flell was

&

*;,ffi :Hfr:ï"î'ffi gru*mç¿t*ä:îili"rrrru;tly;'xn*'-

*n* "d;

o:"* ío'hu

#

á*ä Ë:Yoäff ':itr#ii #,"'-.

r{ i:f#ffJi

iiå'

ïlå:ff ""í,tr#Jï..^rrqu,,ug*th"iotu"or"";ïå;îtrasltrr3^

rur-;"nît'*.

:irffi:.'"5$ä use

Agency's olwater to a cloth,that-co::rr:1J:;räJ*g"cl that'the

ir.'"f'v"ry'?ri'J'ä:åå"å:'ff ïåï;;5EREï.o*'u"d it is "ror ilÍ';*tbecause of the teclrniqut rn* explained tutd c'onvincing' 'àrrcl i* real" ^oiå"po!ant

*îïä"-ry' "tdö;

80.

f,Septembut

2003

a

ñ"-ftt-*-oClContinemeru"**I!å;t*"sspecif drat

äitÏ"*ã,

"oa

the addítional

îü'w#Rgil

icaily

ItlP-ffit,, addressing reqrrirements ior OñfS persr-lmel. This servec! to strerrgthen the conìr)r<ìhrl .r.ncl conh'ol e:tercisc,J over the (lTC Program. Baclcgro uud ¿lrci fJ e t,ri ne cs

T-OFSEGRST/

!

i

lorst!*Pr/

,l

--:

4

=

i

..

__

Torst*ErJ

.*-ä i#l*-ã-1Íå;Ërä*ìïi;"ä=:

l#i'.-:ês-':::,::.,..--

- ...i:;?::.¿t

t::.i:.:-'L.n:--...,...

îöTrñ!REri

Guidance Prior to DCI Guiclelines 89.

nth.As"gEIJgg¡ briefings and cables

¡g.viding legal and operational that contained HeadÇluartersl guidance and dÌscusseãEe toirure statute and the Dof legal opinion. CTC had alqo established a precedqnt of detailecl cables between and Headquarters regarding th9 inees. The written guidance did not address ihe fou¡ standard interrogation techniques that, according tCI CTC/Legal, the Agency had identífied as early as November20A2.sß Agency persorurel were authorized to employ standard interrogation techniques on a detainee without Headquarters'prior approrral. The guidance did not specifically ælSf+¡eUne

four standa¡d interrogation tecÌrniques ¡.¿ere: (1) sleep deprivation not to exceed 72 hours, (2) conhnual tae of light or clarkness Ín a cell, (3) loud music, and (4) white noise

ftackgouncihun),

of props to imprv " adclress the use

ÏHï:*$:ïÏî

i*ryi*-f

i¡f i#ffi*t;**Xnru"ffixl;",flms.'miäJu to enstue that'9er111 were in place

orr rhe existing S

p ecif

f"ffi

roinr*a poli.y guidance'

ic Un authorize

d' or U ndocument

ed Techni ques

äîirfftryp'åff.",:r:;l:"

iÏi*?äoieïiiååff ä;*f;*iåruççïffi :'å:'"å'."f." durirrg the Revi

,**x***r*çgg$ffiffi"*ry;"e

'î::i:tr;#':iT#r,tr"l,TtrË:äry:*'['rlil"s11.., \

I \

ïij"

ra¡alraut separate tf-tãy aia not

".

u

Drill Handgun and' Power

;lh

t

I, (

ffiessAl-Ì'Jashiri'

t

':

*.^fl

i

'I'he debrier"t-39:::¡:É u-^'

norl¡ ir L w -G. withholding in f orrna handcuJ r

{i

I

ryil..'

.)

''l

Ë

4

*tz i

",.ì

i',re. and'

ffiffi.

ol-Yi$f; between

28 Decemb et2}02aIrd l January 2003,the debriefer used an unload.ed serrLi-automatic harrdgun as a ProP to frighten Al-Nashiri into disclosing informafion.¿+ Àfter discussjng thiJplan ctebi{efer entered the cell where Al-Nashiri sat shackled ancl t^ck"d fhe handgun once pr twice ciose to Al-Nashiri's head.as On rvhat was pr'obabty the same day, the debriefer used a Power drill to consent, the debriefer ente red frighter"r ei-i.ttasniti. the detai¡ee's ceil and rewed the clrillwhile the detainee stood naked. and hooded. The debriefer clid not touch Al-Nashiri lvith the power dri1l.

withE

EU.u

WithEI

Theiland

clebriefer clicl uot request authorization or reporl the use of these unauthorized bechniques to 93.

ìS!NRI

ruï#îHïï'#Hif;

3,3illa:i*ä'.ï:åRå1i'*"

-Headquãrte?s. OIG investigated and refen'ed its findings to ihe Criminal Division of DoJ. O¡ LL septerfibet 2003, DoJ declined to prosecute a¡rcl tumecl. these matters ovet to CIA for disposition. These fircidents are the subject of a separate OIG Report of lnvestigation.a6 Threats

94, same Headquarters debriefer was present, tlueatened Al-Nashiri by saying that if he clid not talk,

in here." Th del¡ riefer reportedly wanted Al-Nashj.ri to infer, fot p@g"ìËsons, that tñe debriefer mightbil ElinieLiiÊenceofficer based on his Arabic ciialect, an¿ UraiRtNashiri was in custody because it was ividely beiieved in Middle East circlës-iñat interroga Lion tectur-ique involves

44 (S7fN¡FJ This individual was not a trai¡red interrogator and rvas not autho¡ized to we EITs' a5 {U//FOUO¡ Racking is a mechanical proceclure used wjth firearms to cha{r¡ber a bullet or simulate

a6

a

bullet l¡eine cñambered.

pl/Nü)

unauthoiized lnterrogation ru.noit

r.rf,

29 october 2003'

'''.t.:t.

:)

i?il:È:.i':'¿r. :ti :

fror-rt of the

detai¡ee' The familv' rhe

relativglin sexually abusing femaie he ias ctebriefer denjed ^l-l'l1i*;h;*ennis oruo debrierer ^ã'-'*31u0ï*''o ;;tt" from

#ätÑ

,niîuîã

**",***iffi

l're

is or¡tn

Ai-Nas

ftffi

"'ii:i::Tiito ffi'; but let

c

tor, one

iiffi-.

.

-t* of the

"l-th"-

erePott ffiætt"T t¡uf .ePort did not

Ë

EffieatT

hacl been "*ãi"^,á-*hat the law

Srnoke

r Aiencl r claime

c,

ffiffi'ö"üiliî,,ïö'f,Ì:xxffi "åî;'ã; ,ã".o" il'ñ; ;ü T9"1l*3*:iJi:t nrev clicl this to

sarc This irttertogator ;

i'.térrogu*" ¿tqli":å

î;'t'**¡1 *riatm'' "iJJrt' d.o this aguirt uu'åiä interroga,o' u¿"Iää

t{;nt

turolher Agency du¡ine two sessrons

ut'o''äoîtJtiguts

f ace wiihAr-Nashiritomaskry',11'{X$:i;;Ï;*u¿u:i*u¿hedid i,,,o,qr-srasrriri's

îå||fi#ïffi ;ï.;ili-"

'{iT'í

a?F¿

| i#-?ãgriår.ì*.-;-ir::.*î:Li

ti*j-¡:¡:-i:,i-::,:

:.;

Stress Positions

OIG received reports that interrogation team membeñìñ!To¡ !otentially injuriorrs sfress positions on Al-Nashiri. Al-Nashiri ivas required to kneei on the floor ancl lean back. On at least one occasion, an Agency officer reportectly pushecl Al-Nashiri backward whjle he lvas i:r t!js stress positio4.-On another occasl0l'ì sa.id he had to intercede afte xpressed concern the!:\I-Næhili's arms might be dislocated from his shoul
Stiff Brush and Shackles terrogator reported that ashiri that the ínterrogator k¡rew were not specífically approved by DoJ' These includecl the use of a stiff brush ürat was intended to induce pain on Al-Nashi¡i and standing on Al-Nashiri's shackles, which resulted in cuts and bruises, VViren questioned, an interrogator who was al' nacknowledged^that they usecl a sliff ü'.rsh to bathe Al-Nashiri. He described the brush as the kíncl of brush one uses in a batlr. to remove sfubborn dirt. A CTC nranager who had heard of the incident atflibuted the abrasions on.Al-Nashiri's ankies to an Agency officer accidentally stepping on Al-Nashiri's shackles while repositioning hirn into a stress position. 98. l-re wibress

Waterboard Technique The Revíew determined that the interrogators used the waterboard on Khalid Shaykh Muharnmad in a manner inconsistent with the SERE application of the waterboard ¿rnd the description of the waterboard in tl're DoJ OLC opinion, in that the technique was used on ]Cralid ShayldrMuhammad a large number of tinnes. According to the General Coursel, the Attomey 99.

-...r./

Genera,".*î'tf,îË,[ijiïì';åi';:î:ï'*;Ï{:'#i;J'i:" and tl waterboard

u',ijî"u"1::lylå:å'*:ïå.:il"':$f:r*l:"1':$ii'sona lfttonrLtrcr rrr" " Genéra] was single individual'

-- '

¿g|Tqtr)

ïhet:l-(.ürrn!(.',íi.1¡tt.JIÅuti¡riltr.ì1 s:.¡te¡.'¡cth-,'..'.ll:ì,r,ir¡.1\

informerl us ih¡t it is trl:rly rhat tiris in anv one aoolic¡tion."

etJu¡t" 1..ç¡terL.Lr.¡¡(ìl

',tculd ñrìt l,ìJt r'¡',ùie tit¡¡r lÜ

r:',rn,.¡tes

i= le_ t' i-:.

.iì;ìli

Ei

-.- ,

i: L. tâ

E

l,:'

r

t; I

1'

t

ti

z

li t'ti

i

i

I

I

I t

l

l I

I I

I T

t

fi^J

'":it, -r.cJf-3Ê!

l-,j--,.j '

r'::r :..

\F¿. r.: : i.,' ;i t:+,'+ -' t

'.:17j-,

"

-'

:.ffi:!,f,#-*iii¿:;i;;iA\¡)':'::;::::"1':"'"

¿' :'t¿'l

-iÕF*=te

53

hç.I

paragrapìrs ó,i-03

l'l.,e írrsr ses:¡on ¡:f the i¡',i*i¡..g¿rioìì cûirrs¿'regi:r in ì\-o'trni['tr ?i:02 :'t'tr

ü!+sdQI

I I I

ii:;,Ì:l-:+,..-+:,:¿,-.-.-.....r;;¿i;¿;l

t'j:-!::._i:..1...,.:,-.::].i:.i.::,

itÊ:;:'., ',;:¡l:.'t"i:::::-:-'- "i

i l:;"

T2B.

:i.

- . . :t

:::.:-L¿:

:.

:

;r:'l::l

ia-:-.};:::

.

:I

Il, È

,l-

;! :¡

'ït Ilr

ili ilii i,; :ill

.î ,.r:l

i ì 1

ìri:ù

I

i !

i

:.r'; ',.::i:l ':'.:,; , i{Ìlii

I

i ii I

i

'',:l':

'd

.::;!;:: :ì ì:iì.ì

H pr

ì:iliiiì:l

l\/

!

t'-

lii,Ì[

'!sir':':.ì

:: l.ì

:ì'

.::.!i ': r!ì

.t-v,lr '.iËt 'ì

i

.:liì!

i,i, iiiìì i;'iìrììlli¡ ix''.I!{!lii

.îlilif-È :: ¡ ;

Ii!!.

:1l,i.i¿ii:

t¡.ìt::iÌ," i I

I

Nî$K¿I, :i'iì$iilii

fi

,:' iiili"titiìiìi

ii

::l:,friU!::ì

iffi'

i'

,Ë.1

i+?Ë-i-â¿í"1ãt::'gl;:,:':--.:a .il':----ï:::.:'.:":':

"*::!'

j,.10.

I41-.

-;¡¡n*¡ç1

AJ4

i

'¡

I I

------'

Di:-r':.+à :

t..-:..:.11Æ+:-:,

1.,

.:i:1

",:?-

153,

154.

É:' 1r

-ïûfrÈJ-R

i;"*;:î¡-+i+=ri+,q+g,,.1¡t;'a+ili:;!t:-.::'i,:,,,¿-¡'

T(.li-si*i¿

,;-,.'Èj: i#j+É1,-;;:.o.È'-.;Í::

;

::1ì:l-'

!:ar':Í; ¡

;

jj

i:. ..

'i i'.

t,

¡l ^l :l

I

ì

î.t

.11

i:

ii. ;r .::i!

j;:il :¡.il

:ìl ri.;

ìili titìl

iti$

irit lllìli I

O \o CI.

u-)

:

r'l:--lili

irli iì1

a¿

I :

!

Specifïô Unauthorized

or

U"ry

,ou,tss

out"tt't

as

ti

.

brtt

that

investigations oIG opened separate

TL

165.

irtto

fla-seql":

ata

iffi¡*

'

lffirx"ruiäí".ö,'i:î cases In other

"

Tiä"u.Jo*,

or ^g_t-l rakenby emproyees

äï:"lJ,t'åiååffi:il"re*Y:::,i:*'Ãå.*r.tå"J'ål,neacrions îãiC^**' "l tolffåïåï'å::iiiä'äo u:tio'ív' o" managernenthas

Pressure ?oïnts 166.

ffiåIi."

tedlY

õ¿

a "Prêsoute

detainee's dgta¡rrcc !

neck' rr"v^r'-rF

to restrict the det¿

*

tid artery,

Hæ

iåä**-:#;¿:ttl¡f{-ãËl

!ä?#j'.'.+::¡;,:+-r:=,'¿+''¿r lf-:t'" 'ii:i;':i.'L

ho was his eyes to the Point shackled detairtee, s¡(sv¿\wr the Llle facing taLAL! the that the detainee would nod anã s¡¿rt to pass ouf then, hook the detainee to wake hirn' This

t67.

td

of

tty": uP.Pli'11:".:

1:tÏl',';

":,fl': ledgøito oIG that he laid \ands he was going to lose

o

noted"thatie

hafl

íecäntly haã never been instTi¡cted how to conduct interrogations' js reportréd 16S. (!risg) c{c management now a\4¡are of this incident, the severiÇ of which rias disputgd' TlTT.of Pt:t:llT ., advised the is not, a.rrd had not beçry authorLed, and CTC has

Mock Executions

-

--

=-

ffib1T1o.j*.,1J:1" interrt fire handgun outside the

a

was ínterviãwine a deteuee.l¡iho.was thought tobe withholding ta ge d the incident, which incl¡¡$$ *t"."^ Uor',. rt

Es

ä:ää;'il"ffi ftn*

äiü'";h;; ån ä¡r''ài" "

ap

ihe gu"ards moved the d.etainee from the'interrogation guard.s, íoo*, they passed ã grrard who was dressed as ahc¡oded detainee, tying motionless on úu gto..*d, and made toappear as if he had been shot to death.

r*irk it. u?t"t

incident' L1"lli-1"äì,i"-n¿:e.*"q"e t9 indt

in fronr 'ru *-trrrir"d notify Ïl ffiil+s*ä',*äî:i (rr

to

believe he rvas ret d mocr iuaePorte trLurv¡z---earuer¡ eatlier' ;h; the ä*:; :iting

.

^_^oorinn*

otfi.arG

-rHå î:n#m*i'*'r**iåtrååJJ:i,!*^.:."^n î:i,iiiüJ#"'ï:E-:*"1,^iåiffii1ffi:uii!/L'git' and

rzz. ("¡/¡ffIJhe

o "T:11 admitted staging to the

ii"Ë';ãigor$s

,

ä..":ÈE¡ryof

showing'^":",iïìr^;äiõinterrogato'¡ii

eorploving,i"lffi *"rd;i ã..rrrt"d. or ir .iåffi;ut ,'iãG--uo¡t¡ornlovtnsa'Y^';;tä;i.::":L:1;J.'jJ:y;Tur,.,o, ^., it *.1:,

.

ä".*,*f

I

believable'

;

I I

i :

I

'I it 5i

i;î'il:äffi'äåi'ä'lä;.';itecnvet

.,:"ä i

1ffi5-.'":*::¡:-:+::G:i:r:Êi1

173. o

were interviewed admitted

described staging a mock execution of a detainee. Repo ! a cletainee who wihessed the "body" in fhe aftermath of the ruse "sang like a bird.:' revealed th4t approximateiY stated he October or had conducied a mock ffiã discharged outside of Noverr.rbe r 2002, Reportgdly, rhd the building, and it was done because the detainee reportedly that he told poSgggqgd .;tical threat He stated that he has not heard not to do it a ince then. of a sirtila¡ act occturing L74,

information+stated

Use of Smoke

ctA

175.

cigarefte smoke was once \,LL(JL,EI

LVV¿-.

I\'-T,'UILELLI-V,

as an

interrogatíon teelrnique in

AL LILE IçL]LTgùL

-'-

ffie

frorn a thin cigarelte/cigar in the detainee's face for aboutfive minutes. The detainee stqrted talking so the heard that a different smoke ceasecl, officer had used smoke as an interrogation technique. OIG questioned numerous personnel whã hacl workedlFrbout the use of smoke as a technique. None reported any knowledge of -{he use of smoke as an interogation technique. 176.

Emitte

d that he has personally used smoke i¡halation techniques on detaine'es to make them ill to the point where theywould start to "purge." After this, in a weakened state,

iffiffi-*ri'.

thes e

ti:':';n\

detaineesgg¡|flS¡

informatioo/"

o has'

abusing detainees Use of CoId

Inlate

d.etainee*u''ilt"='*o*"0

**n**n+X*it'"ffiå*.ffigîffiï'npran period' The plæt lrtÇrLrçtç*

' VcI ab.v *.ä*o-week

physi cal c omlott

*'

..'i

Lev et D

eprivali::"äj|rï;.o,|:

:TffiË#.1,ïiff:ïJ:H'ff

î'îiË

í"äJ,ä"üui'*".rplrvsicar

ä;;*î;'-P5,'5l:#äfiå::: merltal/traine

crcLes'.fï:*"åäåiË:Ë^:î'î:iäî,äåf empl oying the "tïä'rä; r' ¡tev'--' ooil. o, dis.comrorr crtr'ço detainee'sl

I

I ì

I

ì

:

#f11i{:"

;*Êr#-'ær'ai:*æ:l;g+;

if##:t'::

;

:'"""'"";ëjæJ \iÉii¡¡"ai''r3-.

,æ.ffi

the use of cold sht

ä:lir:*:ffi1¡fi:^ff;, ö*"ti..*Tn_t* a detaineewas

soats

the ;ä;t"gttot't the ul cooperative, ;å' u't'o*ur with

o, .e*o'^'f'{

äl;il*ss

or ã

{î}"vg:*::$* cold showe¡'

1e

784.

dtoom'

;Ïtüi'.-uä;;' trut' d cooP

er

.iff;

:î.*?i:ïLTffi;i*ä

asked rhetoricat ct I-Ie stated that showers were administel*d

:ftf"ryffiç; fii îÏå#.ii't*tins \úr¿rfl

-r¿o. a rnention cold as

#-*."

and naked,

s

ätion'

#jm_

uuu,,j,î1

'

u::^o:Plished two

*

a

feateo

fuv^'r'

,"frwas

äîä1ffio" ot-ffi*ation

or

the

e

...

"

left to its

is a cable

the

.

_L

Guiu:]*1}Ío "ot Although the Dcr o'a¡r

s.pll*.t2ouc

'.-,1':;

ä,riautiou,o'l¡'r'åiJuìäansv'1*q$:ffi":',:i"ti'i:i"'"r\F ) ("ppundix *'u""' *:';;;Sl¡1t3i:ä'iJ'ì r*:#tr when rheoMs"*0"'i'"i;':"f :::l*n'*:::1ï'Jl":'J:whena ffi ;;mp ature ranse

I I

i :

I {

#xr*#::'ïiJåi; ;;;t." wet unclothed'

J

!

I

is

I

{i I

i

..' >ì

ii

or

er

a

11'

j

r

iiãåÍtä:Ëå+:';=-..".-

:i:ç{+!

Water Dousing ancl

187. others who have

;Wutut d.*u¡tg" has been used ficer introduced to Lhe fäcility. Dousing involves 11{*q " **:Tuu L0 to down on a!hstic sheet anâpouringwater owerhirn for maintained L5 mir.ruter. ¿r..otfrur officerãxplain"ed that the foomwas at room atTA d.egrees or more; the gUards trsed water that was temperaîme while the interrogator questioned the detainee'

ü..iffiõ;e

rur

O

TrgE

g,à;"ry

1BB.

^y2O ¿Tfito

A

reviewnlllfiom

r!ffiq"es

April arrd

õu glìt p ermiss íon"l":l

for a ntrmber of detainees' dorying'zz lnclucled. in the Uåt o? requested iechniques was water techrúques by the of Subseqrrent cables ¡eporie,t the use and du¡ation detainåe per interrogutiot session.T3 One ce¡tified interrogator' noting thät water dousing appeared to be a rnosj effective technique, rehrn ,uq.ruîtud CTC to confirm guidulit es On watef dousing' A sheet, or cable ,ci¡ected that the d.etainee must be placed on a towel may not be placed naked on the bare cement floor' and the air notbe dríecl temperature must exceed 65 degrees if the detainee.will

employ

1

immediately.

*,,",T3;ffi

:L:#ffi :i3;,ï"#än"J

Guid.elines, !owever, ider*ify "water dõusing" as one of L2 standard as the measures that OMS listed., inascending degree of intensity, Llth stand.ard measure. oMS did not further address "water dousing" in its guidelines.

water dousing as a technique wed, but in a later parâgrâp

'

::l-g¿#:1, ty''t#:>t':':' "'

t

:':: ii'':i ¿'::'':::

I

t\'':+'':

:

Harci Takeclorvn

'x3;*, * :nïw a detainee to the

lïäp'äài1":ln

JHffiff"i'ï*'.",case

or

î'ï{riåi,:".F.. dfitr**,ïuËËËqÍffi ;;ätty t;

6turyolg$lgi E*""'uo;;.' used atffi;

concrete'. The

ùã

Ïux"dgrv 1 rçift

;ä;;;á

*n¡,11y1*'.iiff :ffi ií ;;ã h ar ïr - . to^ od "o'i'*o. ^.,, that *uers

ËT1;t '¿ -.i

.:

t:i

r

mg åïål*:i:iiJåi"lo-

he was going to do a harcl takedown, he mrrst report it to Headquarters. Although the DCI and OMS Guidelines address physical techníques and treat them as requiring advance Headquarters approval, they do not otherwise specifically address the "hard takedown." 192.

tated that he was generally fasúliar with the technique of hard takedowns. He asserted that they are authorized and beüeved they had been r¡sed one or nrore times at ord.er to intimidate ã detaine;. that he would not necessarily know if they have been used a¡rd díd not consider it a serious enough handling tedmíque to regtrire Headquarters approval. Asked about the possÍbility that a detainee may.have !gq* dragged on the $ound during the course of a hard takedownf,respor"rded that he was unaware of that and did

Ein

Estated

ffi"ndthepointofdraggingsomeone.aIongt1recorridorin

åfrîlffar

orher Locarions outside of rhe crc not within the scope of the

Ç'I'U lrrogram, fwo other ínciclents 2003.

-

As noted above, one Base76

i57lNilhr ]une z}Ïg,the U.S. milirary sought an Afghan citizen who had been implicated in rocket attacks on a joint u.s. A*y and CIA position in Asadabad located in Northeast Afghanistan. on L8 June 2003,this individuat appeared at Asadabad Base at the urging of the local Governor. The individual was held in a detention facility guarded by u.s. soldiers from the Base. During 194.

76

ì$,

For more than a year, CIA referred to Asadabad

nrruorf

''¿'t+!ì¡¿l r'

lf,l)::

iffiiffiææl*B:'pA

?-'t: ::

'iã;,;;!:t¿i::-¿'

individual Y?.'1:"*tcl' the four days the

conÍractor,who#;;;;u*'rit"v;jf

!#';i'i';'.';t:"'"' "'*'

-

an Agenc¿inde?endent

;ffi

li!¿¿fi:'t"'i'''"-'"'i

.

::il*::'-S;ererv

irfr 'tr"1i:tr*!ffiiä:i*",frr:TËi:äîî:"å:ä,.his d' o't*t ;;

;tJ" ùtl' " ".1ït"* the totl

familY on

ín s date *it*'oit

* autop sy

p er ro rme

#,r*-'ffiå!*'x$$ffffi5s¡1; ;"ï;;i;oo" ufi"r

tt''e

incident'

L

.ä.tt*ithDoJ'zz 195.

1:96.

a

InJulY2003

A teacher being smiled 4¡51

*-':."1*F inaPPrÇ-riate$' nrayy,"t--' lG

,< of his rifle stocl thebutt used

asttwice

torso'

PTt "butts or rlús strike to r'i"*i'o' ""iî:JíT"'ioo'rv^ rorrowed uv ,"'uiÏä"ätn5' 'o

x*îr*i:;"st4i*******'m:*n:'-' @ignment' 'i.

,l

i

ji

¿,

i ¡ J-

'

t'cir

t'-i:Û'i

.-.t.lE-:\

.,..:;':ä.'

l:"-:': '¿::' -!

A¡'¡¿lvn c LL s [II]P o tìT' To lN'rtn

R

o c.{ I'f o Ns

zo+.FilL)irectclr¡ter:f]rrtelljqr:trce¡ltl"t]r.sts assignecltocrcp'o'i.lea'talt'tic.lStr¡r¡rçr¡¡toiltterrLlqati(ltìti..'.ttllsin the lielcl. A¡ali si.s are l'esp(rrrsihle i1¡¡'¡levelo¡:t-n¡< retlLrireltrcrtL5 ior the quesiiorlti"rg o! çlutq!'',"àt ut t"ull ut . some cases,

@tion

Analvsts, horvever. of in.terroga iion tr:cluriqltes'

dr:¡

noi

t,+.!:..,-:...

...,:'-

--.-

-.'

\,!llil:;r:.h,:"r:¿iÌ¡i!¡:|:.:':i'

**J:i'hä#'ll:.*ffJå'ä='î':;;"*1::9:S and initiation priorìo ".:it ttäö, *^1r.r was limit"a

în;

;s;.y

ti:Yd

the adequate

1'"slih^;oåi,iä"r" *.

experts

,tr:?t"wlecrse

ioãï ;' ui." #:üii:#inx'ftt'm *"1 ffir/*r: to'P @ Ied "*1:^1:,ÎT:iåäi"ii'ä-"fu anarvsts

åiffiåä"ilk"t@ know' did

g

and knew

q

.l

molT:-

back

2[:8.

evidencerl in the final rvaterbuard sessiotl o¡ .'1trrr Ztrb¡r'dah. teainl llll-ettull(ttlult tuctlrtl trÌe irttr:Lrogatiorr á\ccoI(¡.ulg to ¿ì Accortli¡ß ofiìcer, the ¿r Selliot CTC oIilcef, senior ulL ;\L.u ZtrLrayctah to Lre conrplialrt ¡ncì t4';'rttetl Itorisiclerecl termlnate lllT*c elievecl Abu Zubat'clah coufinr¡ecl to withhold i n fornration,

ir:r

'

,.,.,.æ)

i'.1!

lr:Z::: ì,')-r'; '

-.1.

æËÉ

ZubaYdah'

2l

Errrcrrye¡vrss

-ã

ts has

prevented

;".

rhen-,Jå.t interrogation hat

i::#:î:lnn**c[$$:*åTç;ffiîg'çtu*,^ äffi:lå"t*"å::*n¡ç6;ç*g¡g*t,*tr'iäiË th.*ì;;; do"Pt rhat stogt?Ï^ñrïsuuiutti.,e not thé

ts of EITs' however' without sorne concern'

process and

ä;ä;;tss ztz.

(

!rrorists, managemg! them off the sheets

:

i

e

When the AgencYbegan

caPtuling

Jå'd'J..Ju'*tn';r*M

i##Æl¡;*';.È'F.

J,#:;=i#:*{¿*d:::.=;"i,!*:'::

::a:ä; !

;¿Ë=í=1=jê-:*|¿+9r!..c¡¡_.r:

j:-rb

'

mucn more significant, actiOnable information, the rneasure of success of the Program increasingly became the intelligence obtainèd from the detaínees. access to

"sf,

Qúantitatively, the Do has significantly ineeased the number of counterterrorism intellígence repoftS with the inclusion of info¡mation from detainees in its custody. Betwee.n 9 /\L and the end of April 2003, the Agency produced over 3,000

zm.

intelligencerepÓrtsfromdetainees,Mostoftherepoj1@

t

intelligenqe providecl by the high value detainees at

CTC frequently uses the inforsration from one d.etainee, as as other soutces, to vet the i::rformation of another detainee. Alttrrough lower-level detainees provide less information than the high value detainees, information from tlrese detainees has, on many occasions, supplied the information needed to probe the high value detainees fuuther.

214.

irtelligence "rovidesì fuller knowledge of AI-Qa'ida activities than would be possible from a single detainee. For exan-rple, Mustafa Ahmacl Adam al-Hawsawi, the Al-Qatda financier who was Agency's captured with Khalid Shayl
215.

Detainees have provided

attacks in the

'.'1'Èi i&#¡ri?,ï¿i;+:#*;:; :''¿"

i:ia!:'-- : - ;_,-::,,:-:.:l:ì :.-:' ;; i,

¡.:!¡;i;ii'',,+i:t

*d¡';

-' tr iclentification of

'ffi;îäär,¡lped

lead to {he idennr'"ot

p*

todetonate a or New

;*'il Y*.#ñ5ffi ii'il:;:d"'Gltlro;'' uranium-toPPeo t'tffiiffiL'iiËi#$,f,:Ëa î*ü Ci'r, n*ay'ï'ä;*;+" ^a

of PrevioustY lecl to the arrest

TY

*K;,;;1',31f iJãtt'A'"*',ïiË?:i::HÏimgÈllJ?;"" States' inside the Unite'd

MT{::

iiîî:î;Ë¡¡r*'ï,îüy#ffiflifr

ç'=trH'ir^,,

f åånY*Ëü'trx'i'Ttr"'rriii#.ffi f :#i'iåäî; i:"'l3iåir:'."ö'r'å1lt:theuniteclstates;ï';;,^*ewho jtiöÏ{}:i",ïiXi'*5T:iä{','.'::ï1"^,.

!

'äiiää;tt*v*traYf

sreeper"'"'*

i

i ¡

Farjs, the truck i. -2

*

uiî*

in Ohio' *ttu"a i" ãutfy 2003

]t

Æ.

,Æ#'i:s:¡*"?i

217.

oth Piarmers aware of several Plots

D etainees, b

ffi.y

planned for the !E l4Élglg9gg Pukistutt; hiiack ai¡craJt

to f1y into Heathrow AirPort traci< spikes in an attempt to derail a h?in in

iooser-t tt're

United Sta

up sweral d f{Y an airPlane into the tallestbuilding intalifornia in a west coast version of F* W*fa tt"àe Center atiack; cut t¡e lines of suspensionbridges in New York in an effort to make thç* tollopt";

2lB,

ffitiotrrces

f

for the most senior policymakers'

In an intewiew,

.-r1:'3:. tziig¿¿-r¿:¿"

i#ií";¿;*rl:' !---.1':l

l

t#i: saidheberievesthe'se.",låi-Ï;i,i!:i'AÏ"t$fË'llJf from any harrn in obtainlng enorl cletainees whohad ":lt^Ïo" of Americans'

ililh*ds

safe

"nt"å'J*åy;;t

2001 since August value detainee' th

råirt*f:!11i1p¿rt*t'*ii;;tr{ä'lrïÏ,ïuï'. whetheriiffiú;î L uuit'g applied l l^'iT'nr'.d oy th* results'

ï*äfff'*u.dglgffiiTffî: äõu' rlr. ;;.;;;;""' have been taken

"""=;;,"fu

tt rrr" of arl uti;"t*"iätîtt

tg'Pi"tiä

risks' ttiat their use Poses

--

"

i

EIT is imPortant which technique"

^É

aa¡rr

::'ì"

iitr.,tr#,:'Ë:'iqä::=*îff tlre lons' lvreas uring

:i::ä;; ;"'ã Ti

äho;'-

"*ffii:¡1'155ffi ;ä"rd: It)ï,tË íì;' T"

ä,,r,

"rr.

9¡' 1*'îïîì-Ërc ',

iiil#.:i*"#:JåfiäHii#*.;**errosatorì-iovr'u"u th apPücation of

ã*Ëïdilt¿El

i¡?!i??ë'irc¡ri-*¡.rr..::r-i*.*i:l i-::s:liit::.:.:;***i:-.!¡r+j:--,:;,;..l

t:'?i.::--.=-

different results;

detainees: Abu Zuba

possessed perishable information about inrnrinerrt th¡eats against the United States.

223, Prior to the usg of EITs, Abu Zubaydah provided informa tion fo intelligence repofis. Interro gators applied the waterboarcl to Abu Zubaydah atleast 83 times during ' August 2002. During the periocl between the end of the use of the waterlroard and 30 April 2}03,he provided ínformation for approximatelytadiitional repórts. It is not possible to say definifively that the waterboarcl is the reason for Abu Zubaydal-r's increasecl prqductiory or if another factor, such as the length of detentiory was the catalyst, Since the use of the waterb hówever, AbuZubaydah has appeared fo be cooperati

åffi

*i'J;ff

'J;:,:iiî:Hm,,,.,

which the ps ydrolo gis t / interro gato rs dutet*i.ed However, after beÍ

thu t

Al-N4rhiri

Al-Nashiri was thought to be withholding nnation. Al-Nashiri subs equently received additional EITs, but not the waterboard. The Agency then -Naslriri to be "compliant." Because of the litany of

It:::r.

:: .a:'-

.

'':";Et'w-ZíÉ-¿s"çsi,,;::;s:

i'ÉÌ;r'¿*':: :i'

:j"

,,:à.,â-l

t

trtt"

't

"fç-i.,,,-ii':'*':"'

.--ã

different in!rrogatäö -t y Al-Nashjrï tecru,iquesusedbvl*lî:ìÌii,i:iilr#:åîï';ü'îirÑ'J"*iLecluriques used.br¡

1íy*îl:i;3ffiym"l ryl:::; il:J [tit3"ç5;f$"$H;:ru;ru;;-**riäT:

trffi:ääîîtffii ö;;d;J*"'i:s"*|

perïo d of time,

lli:ni*rjmx"n* *æn:"u 225'

ffiil,.u" Erts

-1

CLô11

l*Ti Ïå,äu anarvs is ot AT:ïli;'i " inaccurate' :s priãr to tir'e ":ï:i;;^'î"'aottd' H$fiffill;;T"ffiiiii*1ì-Jäor*was"*,u^'.{'i1;'g;"r¡' ffItfr"Jifi ::iËiJt;*:ffii"resisrance,^:T:ir*ff :, t

Vrlr-I1a'u"clL' F¡-

o

r

äi"trtrlåîî,ï.î':4åiï.itr*wn-¿æË x#jii:áà1"*,nffiï'smi

ffigj:*^î:NcER^rs

" vr nNrr o N ar GilrDrN o run

s¡rrlirtto' wilh tire - I'u rtugrcr'ul ãk.rl regarding hurnanp ersonnell-.--oolued in' ;'sencv

I I

I

It

iäi* :i*i "xi"iåi i""*; Program'

Policy Considerations ?27. (U / /FOUO) Throughout its history, the United States has been an i¡rternational proponent of huna:r rights änd has voiced opposition to torfure and mish'eatrrLent of prisoners by foreign counhies. This position is based upon fundamental principles that are deeply embedded in the American iegal sbuctr.re and jurisprudence. The Fifth and FoUrteenthArnendments to the U.S. Conslitution, for example, require due process of law, wlúle the Eighth Amendment bars "ctrlel ¿ind unusual puúslunenb." 228. (V / /FOUO) The President advised the Senate wi"ren submitting the Tortu¡e Conveirtion for ratification thab ihe United States would consfrue the reqtrirernent of Ariicle '16 of the Convention to "tutdertal<e to prevent in any territory under its jurisdi.ction other acts of cruel, inhurnan, or degrading treatment or puníshment which do not amor¡nt to torhrre" as "xoughly equivaleni to".and "coextensive with the Constifirtional guara¡tees against cruel, unusual, ald i¡rhrrmane keatrnent,"8lTo this end,lhe United States sril:mitted a reservation to the Tortule Convention statrng that the United. States considers itself bou¡d by Arficle 16 "only insofar as the terrn'cruel, i¡hnman or degrading heatrnent o¡ purrishment'means the cruel, t-urusual, and i¡rhumane treatment or punishment prohibited by the Sth, Bth and/or L4th Amendments to the Constitution of the United States." Alfhough the Torture Co.nvention expressly provides that no exceptional ci¡cumstances.whatsoevery including war or any other. public emergency, and no order from a superior officer, justifies torfure, no sj¡ri.lar provision was includecl regarding acts of "cruel, inhuman or degrading treai'ment or pr:nishinent."

81 (U//FOUO)

See Messagc fronr the President of the United States Transmíttùrg the Contention AgajnstTortu¡e ancl Othcr Cruel, Inhrrman or DegraclingTreatment or Punishment, Sen- Treaty Doc. 100-20, 100th Cor g,, 2d Sess., at 15, lvfay 23, 1988; Senate Cornmittee on Foreign Relations, Execntive Report t01-30, August30, !990, at2s,29, quoting sumlnary anclanalysis submifted by President Ronalcl Reagarç as revised by Presideni George I-LW, Bush.

I I

:" t:..?;:t:'.\ t!:'i:i¡' l,

ï.È:r

lr'^lî,iîifåËff"Ï'íiffii

Annuar Y Pt":lii?reci Rightl Human bv foreign gov Reports on q'e'''11'J''Jo chni te ïó rl ¡] t'ãt' a' ä;;r' o s u ti o" rn issuect RePort'

zzs (l¿ / / Fo-uo)

r

iliJ

",

:äffi;u''ãäooz

rrheunited-srareslh*äP::lìRiräff

äT1'î'J"üi ::

:iiåîï"l*öfii"

ffiinî:iift ,ïi#J iimry;'

l

i,,lÏÏffI"' -, i5ä:'i;ï:å1i"åî"Sì:iiä:ää our internailon*ää* à-t"*,ts¡ [e nelv anct u g";gu rot ;

serl,e as

Pointïng

to arãas of Progress

an<

iootittoittg d;rallenges'

,:"ïil=i#åiîåi'îäï:f*îF'ä*:T:ï' iôüüq;i*"ff Wehave t -"tiJ'iät"'t'o" 'r''u'n*o"ïiiet'''ï"1*"*::1,"1îto,"'iå:iif iHiål'i'"i**'

*Hr:åï

l,tn:xli

îlå:#ï,::rïff Ëiffi ;:Fffiil"J'î,,îlËi{lîi:'å:il" ;;;;;.,,*uiÏåîï'*:I"'ri:'ffi iliüi:,iïä''''"j,t'å.,fl., depr ivecl iilí :*l*; äiJ;T',"îi'ä'åffå stripping pr:Ï;;; nakecì reports r'ut'J

äil.ä;änooaiog

uod

rtr

i i:' öïrîiiË !îliïffiîf^i aid in p ar YJJ,:3il, ratemen,'1:b rïJu*u"t ?:i Ti"":il ï; Torturt ä;ö"" oi vittinrs of zsa

s

s

t

:

"

rrreunitedstates*"1::Ttr#;lîï:îËî";j'".'ffir1ffi t*Yt;;{.äìäottr¿t"s." * across the wortd' ar.e 9"Ï:*,J even/where' We ùy the rirle of law' and P rights are resPected

i

:

l#!?l+**u"¿î-:3-!lL-#;jj;:1l*gäs;r';:.r:¿i)çtt"'=..*;.'.

''

:.?Æ'. i#-å-Ei:í';:':i

:

¡¿!-,r.:,"r

;

lil*.r

I

i;:!'i

Freedom frorn torhue is an inalienable human right ' ' ' ' Yet torture continue¡i to be practiced around the lvorld by rogue regimes whose cruel methods match their determjnation to cIt$l'I the hrrman

spirit.

..

.

Notorious hunran rights abusers . . . have sougìrt to shield their aliuses frorn the eyes of the world by stagíng elaborate deceptions and denying access to international human rights monitors ' ' ' '

.

The United States is committed to the worldrvide eliminaüon of torhrre and tve are leading this fight by example. I call on all goverrunents to join with the unitecl states and the community of la*-ubidi¡g trations in prohibiting, investigating, and'prosecuting all acts of tõrttue and in turdertaking to prevent other suel and unusual "unishment . . .'

Concems over Participation in tire CTc Program 23'1..

è#¡FlRt Duiing the course of this Review, a nirmber of

Agency officers expressed r¡nsolicited concern about the possibility of reérimiration or legal action resulting fro¡n thei¡ pariicipation in the CTC Program. A number of officers ex"ressecl concern that a httman t pwsue them for activities tionally, they feared that the Agericy them if tl'ris occtlüed. not 2g2.ts-7r$.iEtOne officer exPressecl concern that one day, Agency gfficers willwind up on some "wanted [st" to aPPg3r before ttre WórU Court for war crimes steruning from activitiei! Another said, "Ten years frorn now wete goinæ be'sorry E æffig ilris . . . #ut] it has to be done." He expressed concem that the CTC Program will be exposed irr the news media and cited particular concern about the possibility of beingnamecl in a leak.

?i

-

.

-ii. I

i-:+:r-r:-:.:'15å¿tæ':{iiÊi.:-it

'l'he numLrel of c{etainees m CIA ctrstody çvith those i¡r IJ.S. militaw custody. is relativety Nevertheless, the Rgency, like the I'rrilitarv, has an interest in thc disposition of detainees an,l parlicurlar i.nterest i-n those who, if not tcept in isolation, woulci likely cÌivulge jnformation about the

237.

r*ã[email protected]

circunstances of thei r

cle

Lenfion,

l:l;--:,

; :

'':l-:+, .:.'.1.::¡:,.,... - ....¿"1:{; :::'"::.

:,,:.'.-j:;.11:.

t#:;;le*,?iæ'.,;Å

'::-'::a:

242.

243.

| I

.1't

+'.::r.

t;=+¿+ '+

'

to prosecutiotì .ts ¡ r'i;rble pr'rssttr!ìit', .,ri ic.i:I f,rr ,.r,r't.r;l .lr'{.ìilt r date, hotn¡evt,r, lrr:r tleei¡iott lra¡ l.(.t,tr trr¡tle tr., l)r'titt,,-,ii r'.'lih tlris

option,

93 rullrr:ui:, sscr.

i:.:--:.::;:a). []t;a:::'-

t:

1;-

:

'

"

.ígt:, I {

Turffi!*.lr

]=:-E

:ffi,,¡ft+ir+*-A+9,¡f¡,tæ. jfi=,:i¡:,,..'"

.... ):.i,t.t

i -ai3¡:;+,

CONCLUSIONS

ìrgll

rhe Agency's cletention,and 250j provided intellìgence that has enabled interrogdtíor, the identification ancl apprehension of other terrorists and warned of terroristplots planned ior the United States and around the world' The CTCDetention and hrterrogation Program has resulted in the issuance of thousands of indiviãualintelligence reports and analytic products supporting the counterterrorisrn efforts of U'S' of !oücymakeis and *itit*y commande's. The effectiveness that might !urti..ttar interrogation téchniques in e[citing information not otherwise havebeen obtained carurot be so easily measured,

o?ãñffias

however.

2sl.

Fqu

.o*pffi

Af!r

LL september 2001,

nume¡ous

d"ividuals invested immens e time and Agency efiort to i*pi**ent the CTC Progrdm quickly, effectively, and lvithin fhe law, Tlie work of the Djrecto¡ate of Operations, Counterter¡orist center (cTC), office of ceneral cou¡sel (oGC),, oiice of Medica!Services (OMS), office of Technicut i.wiàu been especially. notable. In effect, they began wiih founctatiorì-/ as the Agency had díscontirmect virturally all involvement in írrterrogations after encountering dífficult issues with earHer interrogation progr4ms in Celrt¡al America and the Neal East. Inevitably, theie atso trave ùeur, ro*e problems with current

thas ffio

tOfblff

activities.

. 252. (s7/Ntrl OGC rvorked closely withDo] to ctetermine the legalify of the measures that.came bo be known as enhancecl interrogation techniques (EITs). OGC also cclnsulted with \^Ihite House and National Security CounciJ officials regarding ttré proposed techniques. Those efforts and the resulting DoJ legal opinion of L August 2002 are well documeutecl, That legal opinion was based, in substantial part, on OTS analysis and the experience and expertise of non-Agency personnel and academics conceming whether long-terrn psychological effects would result from use of the proposed techniques.

::)ti:

t*q:>")":

i.-;: '.

t;.

;:,:,'.i;i-.:'.'1;

åi'å? :îtäËffi {{

!7Ê'[Er

ä*:låT#[Hî '#::;îtr*tr"'ilä:s::î**iî,ïäåiiifr1å"öry'v zb3

!ff;i¡=f;-i orohibitiott of toil* î.s.. tornue,nää,

*:

oppir_:^u_.nr

^,-

:lï :ä",, i, Ëo;,,1, .ffi *;an'r i,ï' *l*r T.*tr#,':ffi?ä::iffiiil*i *'" ràr rure c"Îl':Ïl Ïi#ïåi'o"u;ätä Punishment ;;;;súon

im:X'n:

wirh rhe

dur u,u u r e gar

g

.''

de

grading

,- u

r*ffi"

reaffrrmaúon

t

fåä*'J:'.:-?i:ffi

J"ffi

åff-JfJåiî åfîffi '"i'il'

*xdAir:mxg'g#!'

äF

expanded^T:"i't'" ;ãnd''"t on the Agency's

ä".", J

ärr'"'i''.¿

äiiåiiìå

1 AltgL¿"' ffil *"_scope of the

zss.

[r1i,ff-,

sui

ïpi*o

,

-_

'u*

"

^t À crerìcv officers

,.d with detenúon

¿tÍì'o

of various

Lrttslr-#-

rä år;¡i:ffi r;rïå:'Jffi ,l""il+'"m'"rltltn:*;

ga*:îïriffi iäi,iå""*i,'H*.ï;ä*i*.*:,#',',ï jjf

o gabon upqt ou "' ãåi"r,uoo a*d interr o år,i," l,rl ir:iffi ^r Administranon a.d review *j;r;;å.:tï..,r,ent ofrïcers,- .. î As:l:vlÎii* previous rrom *älaw enfor':'l'it "jll'l*u'. publtc uyu's' of State, and ir-,t"rrog*rior,' o1

*:tiääirrt**

î ):-*.J'

U'S' PolicY statements of

ff-tgh

iffi--#gx,çi,çl*ær

stateurenb by very senior U.S. officials, including the Presiclent, as well as the policies expressed byMembers of Congtess, other Western goverîments, intemational organizations, and human rights grot¡ps. In addition/ some Agency officels are aware of ilterrogation activities that lvere outside or beyonci the scope of the written DoJ opinion. Officer's are concemed that fufure public revelation of the CTC Program is inevitable and will seriously damage Agency officers'personal reputations, as well as the reputation and effectiveness of the Agency itseif.

bs,E

rhe Agencyhas generally prov itled -256' good guidance and support to its officers who have been de

In particular, CTC did a the intenogatiorrs of high value detainees at At these foreign locations, Agency persorrnel-with one notal¡le exception clescribed in this Reviêw-followed guictance and procedures and docurnented their activities well.

zsz,

ffs(n

By disrincrio*, rhê Agency-especially in the.early months of the Program-failed to provide adecluate statÍing, guidance, and support t a:rd interroßation of detainees in

dentwillb.e ihe

i

g¿;3¡:':i'.*:':a-'

:

"'

t'i-iií¿)

srr!ect of General'

rur. U.

a

xm'"rur;"år:öiil

tg, ;;;¡;:"*ili':"::ii: ::åi:iffi äåî;ïårerroga.rionsatthaiioca'-*;@s,üainif tl d aia t inv .^ f ;ffi olv cers ;?ä:åiåiä"-är^.reddmerv,a1åi:iÏ:if authortz ":f Y:ly'*ir:î'"isupervision'' or e

o ffi

no

exer cis e s

"xe*iseso'nd

experience, jud.grnent'

\vided to

îää;îH::If

f '+iä|:i"åål;3Ïii1,ffi'Ë':J'ïJ::

.f"}"tråfårftffiiffi qiäå' r#*,Hil*:rff ffi:ï'fi äx,u:un:*::l*¡;'çgt*ttt,^*1 of the

fr

trtrHiï#ä,1Ëîå::iåiiÏrtåî.tr*;rr*"'Jå'Jff nXns*:låîff Hiiîlrt":*:äîiry '*

G{-,L -_z6a , , .-l]l^ì,r.,ffi .

- -';lârì¡ê as d'oes exist to by ager ta v r! ¡v- - und.ertaken *'*---^ arrd interrogaqort" ,-^¿oortate. The ""tio*

ffi:;r*

õonhinq

¡

it',itt t"t and Protec interrq

ä"':tïT*iuil*"

:'îäåå':î1tr"Tffi ö.ir."a sÉpulated that a*toi*.r, tt. * tu",^{]:iffffi L Augt rö;.

.t I

:5:' i

îti-;;õoJ

legal oPinion of

,.-,..':.:r.es:,,.1?*i

i#*,të:-:e-s-+.,æ+¡;::;:.:+i

its advice was based upon certain facts that the Agency had submitted to DoJ, observing, for examplq that "' . .yoo (the Agency) have also o¡ally ínfonned us that althoughsome of these techniques may be used wíth more than once [sic], that repetition will not be substantial because the techniques generally lose their effectiveness after several rêpetitionà.'l One kuy êl to the waterboard at ieast 1-83 times uis' In this and another instance, the technique of application and volurne of water used ctifferecl from the DoJ opinion.

Edwasdenied 262. attention to de

with

OMS provided

hensive nredical where EITs were

value detainees

did not issue fonnal medical guidelines tlre advÌce of CTC /Legal, the oMS Guidelines @r were thert issued as "draft" and remain so even after being re-issued in September 2003.

Agency officers report that reliance on analytical assessments that were uruupported by credible intelligence may have resulted in the application of EITs without justification. Some participanb in the Program, particularly field interrogators, judge that CTC assessments to the effect that detaineeb are withholding information are not always supported by an objective 264.

a'-ì

'

.1?;i

-'':¡':'

,ffi"t:e:-#i:::*:'at

î*Ï**ffi ås#ryffiry'l'-Ti**"'

ä*iffr;ä*tffi'rdäìi Biå:ïä'J;Tiffi;"p"u:r:î u'*tainedby inanurf,Y ovrr the *"* ilre ä"bilry I :s, -G^",ilffiil*.,.."r' the Agency. terrorists do with

ii [.,:ffi:::.+,e¡+;ri.el..*æ

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Al IO N S

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rì lu

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f.:

jì

it lr:l

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ii

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lìi,ltf

tifiii ii$*:

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i::

l:i¡ ii

ulrü

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:,.iÈ i 'J¡r'

i;:il;

ii. ,ì'

:lit¡'

'iil

Appendix A

.,, .....'-''-,.'...j.

,,:'#:, l:iæ,#---#*¿:*È*:;*':æ'¿

'

iif:Ì:iË'"Í:":';':"

.! .-s:Li:ÈJ

Ëì i#¿*græ:".',tii!!i]'*l

PROCEDURES

n",."år I¡ves$gations,

ÀN! RESOURCES

:î*îïrc jlTd"*"fr

thr

rnvesrigari"^rstriiüä^æ1,rlue1^J'*úg^t""'T-? and a secretary Partlcll n"'u'ir'"iäìti"lt' t Auditor,

â1

'^"

Review.

ä._ comPonents

PY

äî';J*ï;.ïiî'u orGconcructedJiî,ioiî'"*"-åTi1#ffi lnformatïo" .i"#i:ii* ö.p.wDirector of ãåi**uy relevant jlï,i"%ïr#iåiffi''* inrorm ä#äT*ffiiiËr.1rËîi,îl iä "u*

ueputy ûre Depuq, une

"""".ä

:il*:X;å;

"oåiåi ru"utär inclividuals' olG te-ínterview' isi'ts to the o OIG personn"t.]1:dt ItTu-.,".*,uI >*fl ^ orG pers o*er ars l"Î.t"t"Ë:ffÏàiiü;;' of ittttttogations to review 9z vrdäåioput I îisíted

tt;:Æ':!""';':""

Appendix B

cttìGrralo.y: ccur{.,r'rË8rìcn6r*'efr'Tr'¡{A},f¡l¡rT.n'0G/ì1to¡i/¡trìu,rts

::j I

.,-]

llìÊ lf¡ltr,úf¡ati4{¡

ftofl

r97,3r'taí .iß>J,:; ;¡,:¡tjil{¡¿ú f C

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