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DISORDERS

DURATION/ON SET

Mental Retardation

Onset <18y.o

Learning Disorders

Onset: elementary school

SYMPTOMS/MANIFESTATIONS IQ < 70 + social adaptive deficits Causes: 1° Fetal Alcohol Sd. 2° Down Sd. 3° Fragile X Sd. Level IQ Functioning

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Childhood D.

Pervasive Developmental Disorder

Autism

Dx: after 2° BD

Rett’s Sd

Between ages 1 & 4

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

 Onset < 12y.o. Symptoms last > 6  months   

Conduct Disorder

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Dx < 18y.o (In >18y.o. is Antisocial Personality Disorder) Onset: early adolescence

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TREATMENT

Primary Prevention:  Genetic counseling if family hx. Mild 5085%. Self-supporting. 6° grade level. Self-esteem &  Prenatal care 70 impulse control problems. Moderat 35Trainable, can work w/supervision. 2° grade level. 49 e Problems conforming to social norms. Higher risk of AD. Severe 20Basic self-care habits (brush teeth, comb hair). Live 34 in group home setting. Profound <20 Dependant 24/7. Little or no speech Learning achievement below expectations, given pt’s age, intelligence,  Special education: maximize sensory abilities & educational experience. Reading, math & written expression disorders are the MC. skills, improve weak areas. May be present: Perceptual motor problems. Conduct disorder.  Pt & family counseling. Oppositional Defiant disorder. ADHD. Poor self-esteem & social immaturity MR (75-80%, the lower the IQ, the higher the incidence of autism)  Behavioral techniques: Social, communication & behavioral symptoms (bizarre mannerisms) shaping. Abnormal language: pronoun reversal (everything in 1° person)  When pt is aggressive to self & Avoid others. Minimal eye contact. Shrink shoulders when touched. Doesn’t cry when mother leaves: no separation anxiety. others, give atypical May be aggressive towards others. antipsychotics: Avoid pleasure & may injure himself to calm down (head banging on Risperidone. the wall) X-linked Dominant (seen almost always in girls, boys die in utero)  Behavioral techniques: teach Loss of development: it stops! Motor/Language Regression: loss of child to communicate.  Beta blockers for long QT Sd. verbal abilities. MR. Emotional inversion. Self-mutilating behavior. Hypotonia, dystonia, chorea, ataxia, bruxism  Pump Proton inhibitors for Stereotyped handwriting. reflux.  Antipsychotics for self-harm Scoliosis, Long QT Sd, GI reflux behavior. Drugs Mnemonic: “Mox Mete Inattention, hyperactivity & impulsivity that interfere w/ social & Dextro” academic function.  atoMOXitine (most effective) Multiple settings: home, school, work (deficits in 2 or more areas)  METHYLphenidate (>6y.o) Difficulty controlling attention. Unable to sit still. Disruptive in the  DEXTROamphetamine classroom. Easily distracted. Impulsive. Fidgets. Speaks out of turn. (>3y.o) Difficulty in relationship w/ others Violation in 4 areas:  Healthy group identity & role Aggression: towards people & animals, bullying, fighting, rape. model (big brother Property destruction: vandalism, fire setting. programs) Deceitfulness or theft  Structured living settings: Rules: do not follow them change environment. Try to get parents involved. Pattern of negativistic, hostile, and defiant behaviors toward adults: Family quality time (don’t arguments, temper outburst, vindictiveness, deliberate annoyance punish behavior, & reward the