Unit 121.docx

Unit 12 Topic: Collocations make, do, have and take Look at the information in the table for a couple of minutes and try to remember the words. Then click below to hide the information and try to answer the questions at the bottom. make a mistake a profit/loss money/millions a fortune friends war a noise a mess fun of someone a phone call progress a difference

do

have

take

the ironing the housework your homework business well/badly sth wrong/right your best damage/harm sb a favour

a look dinner a headache a party a picnic a barbecue an appointment fun trouble sth in common

a photo advantage of sb care of sb place sth into account your time time no notice of sth part in sth the opportunity

Make is also used with most nouns for ways of speaking/planning. For example, you make a complaint, a promise, an offer, a threat, a speech, an apology, a point, a confession, an accusation, a suggestion, an arrangement, a decision, a plan, an appointment. But, have is used with most nouns which involve a two-way discussion. For example, you have a conversation, a chat, a discussion, an argument, a fight, a row, a meeting, an interview. We also often use have + a + verb (where the verb and the noun are the same). For example, have a look, a rest, a sleep, a drink, a walk, a go. Do Do someone a favour – Hacerle un favor a alguien.  Would you please do me a favour and take this letter to the post office? Do your hair -Peinarse. 

Do you have a cousin who can do your hair as well as any professional salon? Do the shopping – Hacer la compra.  You’re now able to do the shopping over the Internet without even going out to the shops. Do your best – Hacerlo lo mejor posible, dar lo mejor de ti.  Do your best, and remember that nobody is perfect. Do your homework – Hacer los deberes.  Do your homework before having dinner. Do the dishes – Lavar los platos.  Do you need rock music to do the dishes? Have Have a baby – Tener un bebé.  She wanted to get married and have a baby like her cousin. Have fun – Divertirse.  Go have fun with your friends, and let me have fun. Have a rest – Descansar.  You should go to your room and have a rest. Have a shower – Ducharse.  I’m going to have a shower and then we’ll go to the rehearsal. Have a problem – Tener un problema.



The European Union does not have a problem with the systematic violation of human rights. Have dinner – Cenar.  I was hoping that I could have dinner with you tonight. Have a chat – Charlar o conversar.  I thought we might have a chat about the movie. Have a party – Tener una fiesta.  We’ll have a party and get completely smashed. Have a relationship -Tener una relación.  It is nice to have a relationship with your girlfriend built on trust. Make Make a cake – Hacer una tarta.  You can make a cake with flour, milk and an egg. Make a mess – Liarla, hacer un lío. 

If you make a mess you will get fired. Make money – Ganar dinero.  Teach them how to do that kind of stuff and make money. Make lunch – Hacer la comida.  Morning class ends at 12:30, then I go home and make lunch for mom. Make progress – Progresar.  We must take advantage of the current opportunity to make progress. Make a difference – Diferenciar.  Together we can make a difference for the benefit of the citizens of Europe. Make an effort – Hacer un esfuerzo.  The international community needs to make an effort to do something. Make time – Hacer tiempo.  I can always make time for an old friend. Make trouble – Causar un problema. I tell them what happens to their parents if they make trouble. Take Take a photo/picture – Echar/tomar una foto.  Make the dish and take a photo of the finished product. Take a break – Descansar durante unos minutos.  I think now’s a good time to take a break. Take a chance – Probar suerte/fortuna.  Somebody had to take a chance… and I’m chicken. Take a taxi – Tomar/coger un taxi.  Take a taxi. It will arrive in five minutes. Take your time – Tómate tu tiempo.  Do not look for the easiest solution for yourself; take your time. Take notes – Pillar/anotar apuntes.  Although you take notes, you need handouts and books for further study. Take a risk – Arriesgarse.  Sometimes when you’re dealing with extraordinary people, you need to take a risk. Take a look – Echar un vistazo.  Take a look at the trailer for this movie on YouTube. Vocabulary bottom n

bottom n

(container, ocean: deepest part) He found the toy at the bottom of the box. Encontró el juguete en el fondo de la caja. (thing, place: lowest part)

fondo nm

final nm

bottom n

bottom n

bottom n

complaint n complaint n

complaint n

speech n

speech n

speech n

meeting n

The bathroom is at the bottom of the stairs. El baño está al final de la escalera. informal (buttocks) (formal)

nalgas nfpl trasero nm rabadilla nf culo nm

(figurado) (AR, ES, coloquial) The angry mother spanked her child's bottom. La madre enfadada le dio al niño una palmada en las nalgas. La madre enfadada le dio al niño una palmada en el trasero. La madre enfadada le dio al niño una palmada en la rabadilla. La madre enfadada le dio al niño una palmada en el culo. (lowest rank) desde abajo loc adv último lugar adj + nm He started at the bottom and ended up as CEO. Empezó desde abajo y término como director ejecutivo. (lowest priority) final nm That chore is at the bottom of my list. Esa tarea está al final de mi lista. (grievance) queja nf If you have any complaints about the process, voice them now. (written statement of dissatisfaction) (legal) querella nf (legal) denuncia nf reclamación nf demanda nf Someone submitted a complaint about poor customer service to the store's corporate headquarters. (illness, ailment) enfermedad nf dolor nm molestia nf afección nf Grandpa has been suffering from a chest complaint lately.

uncountable (oral communication) expresión nf Free speech is a necessity in a democracy. La libertad de expresión es una necesidad dentro de una democracia. uncountable (pronunciation) pronunciación nf habla nf People tend to have slurred speech after a few beers. La gente tiende a tener problemas de pronunciación después de algunas cervezas. La gente tiende a tener problemas de habla después de algunas cervezas. uncountable (way of speaking) habla nf forma de hablar, manera de hablar grupo nom Most young people's speech is full of slang. El habla de la mayoría de los jóvenes contiene jerga. La forma de hablar de la mayoría de los jóvenes contiene jerga.

(assembly of people)

reunión nf

meeting n

meeting n

junta nf The community meeting lasted for two hours. La reunión de la comunidad tuvo una duración de dos horas. La junta de la comunidad duró dos horas. (business discussion) junta nf reunión nf The meeting about the new project is at four o'clock. La junta para hablar del nuevo proyecto empezará a las cuatro de la tarde. (encounter) encuentro nm The chance meeting between his new wife and his ex-girlfriend made him nervous. El encuentro casual entre su nueva esposa y su ex novia lo puso nervioso.

Unit 12 Topic: example formal and informal email Follow these five simple steps to make sure your English emails are perfectly professional. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Begin with a greeting Thank the recipient State your purpose Add your closing remarks End with a closing

1. Begin with a greeting Always open your email with a greeting, such as “Dear Lillian”. If your relationship with the reader is formal, use their family name (eg. “Dear Mrs. Price”). If the relationship is more casual, you can simply say, “Hi Kelly”. If you don’t know the name of the person you are writing to, use: “To whom it may concern” or “Dear Sir/Madam”. 2. Thank the recipient If you are replying to a client’s inquiry, you should begin with a line of thanks. For example, if someone has a question about your company, you can say, “Thank you for contacting ABC Company”. If someone has replied to one of your emails, be sure to say, “Thank you for your prompt reply” or “Thanks for getting back to me”. Thanking the reader puts him or her at ease, and it will make you appear more polite. 3. State your purpose If you are starting the email communication, it may be impossible to include a line of thanks. Instead, begin by stating your purpose. For example, “I am writing to enquire about …” or “I am writing in reference to …”. Make your purpose clear early on in the email, and then move into the main text of your email. Remember, people want to read emails quickly, so keep your sentences short and clear. You’ll also need to pay careful attention to grammar, spelling and punctuation so that you present a professional image of yourself and your company. 4. Add your closing remarks Before you end your email, it’s polite to thank your reader one more time and add some polite closing remarks. You might start with “Thank you for your patience and cooperation” or “Thank you for your consideration” and then follow up with, “If you have any questions or concerns, don’t hesitate to let me know” and “I look forward to hearing from you”. 5. End with a closing The last step is to include an appropriate closing with your name. “Best regards”, “Sincerely”, and “Thank you” are all professional. Avoid closings such as “Best wishes” or “Cheers” unless you are good friends with the reader. Finally, before you hit the send button, review and spell check your email one more time to make sure it’s truly perfect! Aren’t you an EF English Live student yet? See the general and business English course in action by requesting a one month for only one dollar* trial. Find more information about essential professional English tips here.

Email Exchange: Formal and informal emails The style of a business email or letter depends on the occasion for writing and the relationship with the receiver. 1. They can be formal: “Please find attached our proposal. I would be grateful if you could check it and send us confirmation of your acceptance.” 2. They can be more conversational: “Attached is our proposal. Please check it and confirm that you are happy with it.” 3. Emails can sometimes be in a kind of shorthand: “Pls check the attached proposal and confirm.” Now let’s see a couple examples of both writing styles: Example 1

Example 2

greeting n

greeting n

greetings npl

saludo nm (spoken welcome: hello, etc.) Logan welcomed the visitor with a polite greeting. Logan recibió a su visita con un saludo cordial. saludo nm (message in card) felicitación nf Anna's mother always sent a greeting at Christmas. La madre de Anna siempre envía saludos por Navidad. felicitaciones nfpl (message on special occasion) buenos deseos loc nom mpl

enhorabuena nf Thank you to everyone who sent me birthday greetings. spelling n

spelling n

deletreo nm (letters used to write a word) The spelling of some English words isn't very helpful when it comes to pronunciation. El deletreo de algunas palabras inglesas no ayuda demasiado en lo que respecta a su pronunciación. ortografía nf (ability to spell) She's got very untidy handwriting and her spelling's atrocious. Tiene una letra muy mala y su ortografía es horrible.

prompt adj

(quick)

rápido adj raudo/a adj I had to call a plumber last week, and I was very impressed at how prompt his response was. Tuve que llamar a un plomero la semana pasada y me sorprendió su respuesta tan rápida. prompt n (theater: cue) (de un texto, teatro) pie nm entrada nf Mary forgot her line and needed a prompt. Mary se olvidó las líneas y necesitaba un pie. prompt [sb]⇒vtr (give a cue to [sb]) apuntar a vtr + prep dar pie a loc verb dar entrada a loc verb When Ian forgot his line, the stage manager prompted him. Cuando Ian olvidó sus líneas, el director lo apuntó. hesitate⇒ vi

(pause)

dudar⇒ vi vacilar⇒ vi titubear⇒ vi Sarah hesitated before making up her mind and accepting the job offer

Unit 12 showing n

showing n showing n

(screening of a movie) proyección nf The theater has showings of the new movie at 7:00 and 9:30. El cine tiene proyecciones de la nueva película a las 7:00 y a las 9:30. (exhibition) exposición nf (rank in contest) posición nf clasificación nf The horse's showings in the last three meets were impressive. Las posiciones de los caballos en las tres últimas pruebas fueron impresionantes.

guess⇒ vi

(estimate without knowledge)

guess vtr

guess vtr

greatest, the greatest adj

adivinar⇒ vtr suponer⇒ vtr

He didn't know the answer, so he just guessed. No sabía la respuesta por lo que simplemente adivinó. No sabía la respuesta por lo que simplemente la supuso. (estimate without knowledge) creer⇒, pensar⇒ vtr I guess that there are fifty people in the room. Creo (or: pienso) que hay cincuenta personas en el salón. (suppose) suponer⇒, estimar⇒ vtr I guess he wants to go camping, but I'm not sure. Supongo (or: estimo) que quiere ir de campamento, pero no estoy seguro.

(best)

el mejor loc adj el mayor loc adj

greatest, the greatest adj

Who is the greatest opera singer of all time? ¿Quién es el mejor cantante de ópera de todos los tiempos? (largest) el más grande loc adj el mayor loc adj The greatest economic growth was seen in Asia last quarter. El crecimiento económico más grande del último trimestre fue en Asia.

strange adj

(unusual) One of the pastries had a strange shape. Uno de los pastelillos tenía una forma extraña.

parachute n

(fabric safety apparatus) paracaídas nm inv For a horrible moment I thought my parachute wasn't going to work. Por un momento horrible creí que mi paracaídas no iba a funcionar. (land by parachute) tirarse en paracaídas loc verb Rescuers parachuted to the site to help the trapped victims. Los rescatadores tuvieron que tirarse en paracaídas para llegar a las víctimas atrapadas.

parachute⇒ vi

extraño/a adj

built v past p

built adj

(past participle of build) This company has built many houses. Esta compañía ha construido muchas casas slang (body: sculpted, attractive) (coloquial)

construido participio

bueno/a, macizo/a adj tener un cuerpazo loc verb

She has a pretty face, and on top of that, she is built! Tiene una cara bonita ¡y qué buena que está! Tiene una cara bonita y además ¡qué cuerpazo tiene!

boss n

(manager)

boss n

If you want to take a break, ask the boss. Si necesitas un descanso, pídeselo al jefe. informal (dominating person) (coloquial, figurado)

boss adj

His wife is his boss. Su mujer es la que lleva los pantalones. Su mujer es la que manda. slang (excellent) (figurado)

jefe, jefa nm gerente n común

el que lleva los pantalones, la que lleva los pantalones grupo nom el que manda, la que manda grupo nom

soberbio/a adj excelente adj

His new car is so boss! ¡Su coche nuevo está soberbio!

mistake n

(error) error nm I'm sorry but I made a mistake. The correct number is four. Lo siento pero cometí un error, el número correcto es cuatro. mistake n (wrong act or decision) equivocarse⇒ v prnl I should have given him the job: I made a mistake there. Debí darle el trabajo: me equivoqué. mistake [sb]for [sb] else⇒vtr (identify wrongly) confundir⇒ vtr I didn't recognize her voice and mistook her for Jenny. No reconocí su voz y la confundí con Jenny.

housework n

uncountable (housekeeping chores)

quehaceres domésticos loc nom mpl tareas domésticas loc nom fpl tareas del hogar loc nom fpl

I'll go shopping when I've finished the housework. Iré a comprar cuando termine los quehaceres domésticos.

least, the least adj

(lowest possible)

mínimo/a adj menos adj

ⓘ ¿Cuál es el pago mínimo por esto? least adv

(to the smallest degree)

lo mínimo loc adv menos adv

She laughed least. This is our least popular ice cream. ⓘ Ella comió lo mínimo posible.

kind adj

kind to [sb] adj + prep

kind adj

guide⇒ vtr

guide n

ever adv

ever adv

ever adv

ever adv

ever adv

ever adv

(friendly)

amable adj mf atento/a adj She is so kind. She took the time to help me with my homework. Es tan amable que dedicó su tiempo a ayudarme con los deberes. (benevolent) condescendiente con adj mf + prep The king was kind to the people of his country and was well liked. El rey era condescendiente con sus súbditos y era querido por todos. (warm, compassionate) cálido/a adj She has a kind heart and welcomes everyone.

(lead) guiar⇒ vtr We need someone to guide us around the sights of Paris. Necesitamos a alguien que nos guíe por los sitios interesantes de París. (leader: tour) (invariable masc y fem) guía n común She was employed as a guide in the museum. Fue empleada como guía en el museo.

(at any time) alguna vez loc adv Have you ever been to New York? ¿Alguna vez has estado en Nueva York? (of all time, in history) de todos los tiempos loc adv The Beatles were one of the most successful bands ever. Los Beatles fueron una de las bandas más exitosas de todos los tiempos. (emphatic: never) nunca adv I have never, ever, been to Paris. Yo nunca, nunca, he estado en París. informal (emphatic) sin duda loc adv Did the audience like her? Did they ever! ¿Le gustó al público? ¡Sin duda! UK, informal (with such, so: very) tan adv He's ever so clever. Es tan inteligente. literary (always) siempre adv They were ever mournful of that tragic day. Estuvieron siempre tristes por ese trágico día.

journey n

journey n

whale n

flown adj fly⇒ viappp

appear⇒ vi

appear that vtr

lake n

path n

path n

tram n

(extended travel)

travesía nf viaje nm

We went on a journey around South America. Hicimos una travesía por Suramérica. (distance) trayecto nm (AmL) tramo nm It is a five hundred km. journey to the next large city. Es un trayecto de quinientos kilómetros hasta la próxima ciudad grande.

(large sea mammal) Whales live in the ocean. Las ballenas viven en el océano.

(ceramics: of blended colour) (move through the air) You can see the birds flying every day. Puedes ver volar a los pájaros todos los días.

ballena nf

fluido adj volar⇒ vi

(come into view) aparecer⇒ vi At last, they appeared at the far end of the beach. Al fin aparecieron a lo lejos, a la otra punta de la playa. (seem) parecer que vi + conj It appears you were correct after all. Parece que tú tenías razón, después de todo.

(body of water) Mark went fishing at the lake last weekend. Mark fue a pescar al lago el fin de semana pasado. (trail)

lago nm

vereda nf camino nm

This path through the woods gets muddy on occasion. Esta vereda a través del bosque a veces se torna fangosa. El camino se vuelve prácticamente intransitable en algunos tramos. figurative (way) (figurado) ruta nf camino nm The path to success has many potholes. La ruta al éxito tiene muchos baches. El camino hacia el éxito está lleno de dificultades.

UK (streetcar: public vehicle on rails) I used to take a tram to work in the City. Solía tomar un tranvía para ir a trabajar a la ciudad.

tranvía nm

tram n

UK (wagon used in mine) vagoneta nf Ponies were once used to pull the trams. Los ponis alguna vez se usaron para tirar las vagonetas.

way n

(preferred method)

This is the way to do it. Ésta es la forma de hacerlo. way to do [sth]n (means)

way n

way n

way n

way n

the way n

environment n

forma nf manera nf modo nm

forma nf manera nf modo nm

The way to accelerate the project is to add staff. La forma de acelerar el proyecto es incorporando personal. (direction) camino nm dirección nf Which way did you go to get here? ¿Qué camino tomaste para llegar aquí? often plural (divisions, parts) porción nf trozo nm We divided the dessert three ways. Dividimos el postre en tres porciones. (street name) vía nf The street I live on is called Artren Way. La calle en la que vivo se llama Vía Artren. (route) camino nm There is a way through the mountains ten kilometres south of here. Hay un camino a través de las montañas a diez kilómetros al sur de aquí. (preferred, recognised route) camino nm I don't know the way to the pharmacy. No conozco el camino hasta la farmacia.

environment n

(a local subsection of the natural world) ambiente nm The environment of the Amazon can be difficult for humans. El ambiente del Amazonas puede ser riguroso para los humanos. (physical surroundings) ambiente nm entorno nm The environment in many cities is noisy. En muchas ciudades el ambiente es ruidoso.

hill n

(geography)

She stood on a hill and looked down on the town.

colina nf montaña nf cerro nm

hill n

safety, safeness n

Contemplaba la ciudad desde arriba de una colina. (slope) cuesta nf He walked up the long hill to the town. Caminó cuesta arriba el largo trayecto hasta la ciudad.

uncountable (freedom from risk)

seguridad nf

safety n

Everything is designed to maximize safety on the construction site. Todo está diseñado para extremar las medidas de seguridad en la construcción. (device: guard or locking) seguro nm The gun had a safety to keep people from firing it accidentally. La pistola tenía un seguro para evitar que se disparase por accidente.

path n

(trail)

vereda nf camino nm

This path through the woods gets muddy on occasion. Esta vereda a través del bosque a veces se torna fangosa. El camino se vuelve prácticamente intransitable en algunos tramos.

deejay n

informal (DJ, disc jockey) (voz inglesa)

pinchadiscos n común inv DJ n común disc-jockey n común

(spread [sth] on) (coloquial) ponerse⇒ v prnl (formal) aplicarse⇒ v prnl Please apply sunscreen before going outside. Por favor, póngase la crema solar antes de salir a la calle. apply [sth] to [sth/sb]⇒ vtr (spread [sth] on [sth/sb]) aplicar⇒ vtr Apply the moisturizer liberally to your face and neck. Aplique el humectante generosamente en cara y manos. apply [sth]⇒vtr

somewhere, also US: someplace adv

(in an unspecified place)

en algún lugar loc adv

en algún sitio loc adv en algún lado loc adv Robert was hiding somewhere in the house. I put my passport someplace, but I can't remember where. Roberto se estaba escondiendo en algún lugar de la casa.

(book of tourist information) guidebook, guide book, guide-book n

guía turística grupo nom

Michelin and Lonely Planet are two famous companies that publish guidebooks for travelers. The guidebook recommended taking a boat to Kew Gardens. Michelin y Lonely Planet son dos famosas empresas que publican guías turísticas. guía nf Michelin y Lonely Planet son dos famosas empresas que publican guías turísticas

a bit of [sth] n

(small amount)

bit n

(informal) I added a bit of cinnamon to the recipe. Añadí una pizca de canela a la receta. (piece) (cantidad de algo)

bit n

There are bits of crackers at the bottom of the bag. Hay trozos de galletas en el fondo de la bolsa. Hay pedazos de galletas en el fondo de la bolsa. (part, section: of text, show, etc.) (voz inglesa) (AmL)

pizca nf poquito nm poquitín nm

trozo nm pedazo nm

sketch nm rutina nf número nm

The comedy bit about the elevator was really funny. El sketch del ascensor fue muy gracioso. La rutina del ascensor fue muy graciosa. El número del ascensor fue muy gracioso. Wb own [sth]⇒ vtr

own adj

own adj

own pron

unfit adj

(have)

tener⇒ vtr poseer⇒ vtr ser dueño de loc verb

Do you own a computer? ¿Tienes un ordenador? (belonging to self) (enfático) propio/a adj My own car is not nearly as nice as yours. Mi propio coche no es, ni de cerca, tan bonito como el tuyo. (intensifier) (enfático) propio/a adj I saw it with my own eyes! ¡Lo vi con mis propios ojos! (mine: with my, his, etc.) mío pron Your car's much nicer than my own. Tu coche es mucho más bonito que el mío.

(not physically fit)

que no está en forma loc adj fuera de forma loc adj Being unfit can lead to or exacerbate a host of health problems.

unfit adj

rich adj

the rich npl

rich adj

rich adj

rich adj

rich adj

No estar en forma puede conducir, o exacerbar, problemas de salud. (not suitable) no apto loc adj inadecuado/a adj impropio/a adj The court determined that he was unfit to act as the girl's father. La corte determinó que no era apto para actuar como padre de la niña.

(wealthy) rico/a adj The Rockefeller family is rich. La familia Rockefeller es rica. (wealthy people) los ricos nmpl Our economy would change dramatically if we'd stop letting the rich make the tax laws. los pudientes nmpl figurative (food: full of flavor) pesado/a adj This dessert is rich. El postre es muy pesado. figurative (abounding: in [sth]) abundante adj mf The jungle is rich in wildlife. La jungla tiene una abundante fauna. figurative (smell: fragrant) intenso/a adj The perfume has a rich aroma. El perfume tiene una intensa fragancia. figurative (soil: nutritious) fértil adj mf The soil in the basin is rich. El suelo del estanque es fértil.

few adj

(not many) poco/a adj Few people know that Schumann's wife was also a gifted composer. Pocas personas saben que la esposa de Schumann era también una compositora talentosa.

ar adj

(not close to [sth]) lejos adv Springfield is far from here. Springfield queda lejos de aquí. (extreme) extremo/a adj His beliefs put him on the far right of the political spectrum. Sus ideas lo colocan en el extremo derecho del espectro político. (great distance) largo/a adj She walked far this morning - almost ten kilometres. Ella caminó una larga distancia esta mañana, casi diez kilómetros.

far adj

far adv

hope [sth], hope that vtr

(expect)

esperar⇒ vtr

We hope that we'll be able to move house before the end of next year. Esperamos poder mudarnos de casa antes de fin de año.

hope n

(desire) He has a lot of hopes for the future. Tiene muchas esperanzas para el futuro.

esperanza nf

building n

(structure)

edificio nm construcción nf inmueble nm

This building can withstand an earthquake. Este edificio puede resistir un terremoto. Esta construcción puede resistir un terremoto. half half n

half, a half, one half n

race n

race n

(50 percent) Half of eight is four. La mitad de ocho es cuatro. (fraction: 50 per cent)

mitad nf

(informal test of speed) Fred won the race around the park. Fred ganó la carrera alrededor del parque. (division of living things)

carrera nf

clase nf tipo nm raza nf

The saguaro is a race of cactus. El saguaro es una clase de cactus. El saguaro es un tipo de cactus. ⓘ Mi raza favorita de gatos es la persa. race n

(ethnicity) Race is not a factor in hiring. La raza no es un factor en la contratación.

raza nf

skiing n

(sport in snow)

esquí nm esquiar nm

Nathan enjoys skiing. A Nathan le encanta el esquí.

afford [sth]⇒ vtr (have money to buy) (sentido positivo) (sentido negativo)

permitirse⇒ v prnl estar al alcance loc verb estar fuera de alcance loc verb

however adv

(by whatever means)

however adv

You can do it however you want to. Just do it! Puedes hacerlo como quieras. ¡Sólo hazlo! (in whatever manner)

como adv de la manera que, de la forma que loc adv

independientemente de cómo adv sin importar cómo loc adv da igual cómo loc adv como quiera que loc adv

He always looks good, however he dresses. Siempre tiene buen aspecto, independientemente de cómo se vista.