Tsunami-report Of Ciba

REPORT ON

ASSESSMENT OF LOSS DUE TO TSUNAMI TO BRACKISHWATER AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES SECTORS IN COASTAL STATES OF ANDHRA PRADESH, TAMIL NADU AND KERALA

TABLE OF CONTENTS Sr. No.

Contents

Page No.

1 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.3.4 2.4 2.5 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3.1

Background Executive Summary National Scenario Andhra Pradesh East Godavari Krishna Guntur Feed Back from Fishers Feed back from others Feed back from officials Institutional Finance Prakasam Nellore Tamil Nadu Damages Relief Measures undetrtaken Chennai, Tiruvallur and Kancheepuram Dts. Brackishwater Aquaculture

1 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 8 8

3.4 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8

Cuddalore Brackishwater Aquaculture Marine Pondicherry Villipuram Nagapattinam Karikal Pudukotai Ramanathapuram Tuticorin Tirunelveli Kanyakumari Kerala Tiruvananthapuram Kollam Alleppey Ernakulam Calicut Malapuram Kannur Kasargode CONCLUSIONS Tables 1-29 Annexure 1 Questionnaire Box 1

9 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 15 16 17-33 34 35-36 37

BACKGROUND The Tsunami that struck the southern states of India on 26 December, 2004 was perhaps the single most destructive natural disaster in India which took such a heavy toll of human life that it shook the very confidence of human race in itself to stand up to nature and survive its vagaries. This institute suffered a personal loss in the demise of Mr. M.Vijayakumar, Senior Research Fellow whose dedication to his work in the institute hatchery on that ill fated Sunday morning cost him his life and the institute lost a budding scientist. Besides the priceless life, equipment and infrastructural damage to this institute has been estimated at Rs. 50 lakhs. But things have to be picked up and life must go on against all odds. The loss has to be accounted for. Things must be put back in place and work must continue for the sake of the growth and development of the country. Brackishwater aquaculture sector plays a very important role in the socio-economic-political economy of the coastal states in particular and the country at large in general. The sector was buffeted by the Tsunami. The sector needed to be looked into quickly to make an early assessment of the losses that it has suffered in terms of human and infrastructure so that the concerned department and agencies can take suitable steps to help the sector to reconstruct itself and put itself back on rails at the earliest. This institute put together a team of scientists to make a quick assessment of the field level losses if any pertaining to brackishwater aquaculture in particular and fisheries in general resulting from the Tsunami. Since the impact on fisheries has a direct and indirect impact on the brackishwater aquaculture sector, we have highlighted some of the damages in the marine fisheries also. The team of scientists led by Dr. M.Krishnan, Principal Scientist with Drs. K. Amba Sankar, C.P.Balasubramanian, V.S.Chandrasekaran, C.Gopal, K.P.Jithendran, M.Kumaran, M.Muralidhar T.Ravisankar, C.Sarada, R.Saraswathy, B.Shanthi, J. Shyama Dayal and D.D.Vimala have taken considerable pains in visiting the affected districts in the early post Tsunami days and making an on-site assessment / statement of losses in all the affected districts in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Shri M.S.Kumar, T-5, Shri M.Ravi, T-4 and Shri S. Rajukumar, T-4 have assisted in the documentation of this report. The estimates given are mostly drawn from secondary official sources. Wherever possible, some inferences have been made to give support to official statistics. Your comments and views on the report are looked forward to.

ASSESSMENT OF LOSS DUE TO TSUNAMI TO BRACKISHWATER AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES SECTORS IN COASTAL STATES OF ANDHRA PRADESH, TAMIL NADU AND KERALA

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Tsunami of 26 December, 2004 which wrought very serious damage on the lives and property of the people living by the shore in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala has both short and long term ramifications. This report basically confines itself to estimation of losses in the brackishwater aquaculture sector to a large extent, also covering losses in marine sector wherever information could be elicited. The affected districts in the States of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala were surveyed by a team of scientists According to Reserve Bank of India, while the deadly tsunami would only have a limited economic impact, it would put some upward pressure on the fiscal deficit. The government is already fighting to keep its deficit below a target 4.4 per cent of gross domestic product, and its finances could be further stretched after paying for relief and reconstruction in Indian regions hit by the disaster. On the fiscal deficit, there will be some impact. On expenditure there will be some impact. On the revenue side, there is not expected to be any impact. RBI was preparing a final assessment of the economic damage caused by the devastating tsunami, and this would be released in a few days As has been observed by the Food and Agriculture Organisation, the impact of the Tsunami has long term implications on the fishing and seafood export industry (See Box 1). The time taken for rehabilitation and reconstruction of the facilities by and for the small and marginal farmers in shrimp aquaculture will determine the extent of loss minimization for the sector as a whole. 90 percent of Indian shrimp farmers are in the marginal and small farmer category. Among the ways they can be helped are 1. Soft loans at low rates of interest to enable them to get back to their regular farming operations 2. Fast and efficient reconstruction of support infrastructure like roads, electricity, telecommunications and the like 3. Establishment of regular information exchange system for confidence building and faster development 4. Efficient coordination between the various governmental and non governmental machineries for quick and efficient come back to full scale farming and fishing operations.

ASSESSMENT OF LOSS DUE TO TSUNAMI TO BRACKISHWATER AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES SECTORS IN COASTAL STATES OF ANDHRA PRADESH, TAMIL NADU AND KERALA

The Tsunami of 26 December, 2004 which wrought very serious damage on the lives and property of the people living by the shore in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala has both short and long term ramifications. In the short run at the micro level, it has immediate adverse impact on food, clothing and shelter compounded by related impacts like loss of livelihoods, community and family moorings, displacements and relocations. At macro-regional level, the impact varies from fall in supply and demand of fish, fishery and related primary products and consequent fall in purchasing power and general fall in economic activity. In the longer run, the impacts could have implications for the seafood industry, revenue from this sector, employment and income of the people making a living off this sector. These impacts have to be mitigated by both reconstruction of the physical infrastructure, social rehabilitation and research and development for natural disaster management support at the field level. This report basically confines itself to estimation of losses in the brackishwater aquaculture sector to a large extent, also covering losses in marine sector wherever information could be elicited. The affected districts in the States of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala were surveyed by a team of scientists (Annexure 1). 1. National Scenario Loss of crafts and gear in the marine fishing sector has an indirect impact on the brackishwater aquaculture sector. The pressure on the sector will mount to satisfy the demands of the seafood industry. Given that brackishwater aquaculture is basically shrimp aquaculture, the nonavailability of raw material to the shrimp processing plants, and the absence of landings in the landing centers to the ice plants has serious implications whose computations need more serious thought. Conclusions towards the end of this exercise may suggest that shrimp farming sector may not have lost and the damages to the shrimp hatcheries can be made up by quick reconstruction of the damaged infrastructure. But there are some leading conclusions that could be drawn which could provide some strategies for long term development of the sector. Therefore a simultaneous look has been given at the marine fisheries also. The government estimated financial losses in mainland states from the tsunami disaster at $1.1billion. According to official statement the preliminary losses in four affected states totalled Rs 53,220 crore1 or $1.1 billion. In the worst-affected Tamil Nadu state, the price tag came to over Rs 27,300 crore or $581 million. The number of people dead and missing in India after last month's tsunami disaster crossed 16,380 as an extra 345 were confirmed dead in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The Andaman and Nicobar archipelago now accounted for 1,837 of the confirmed dead from 10,672 for the whole of India. The number of missing in the Andamans rose by 83 to 5,625, with another 86 people missing on the mainland. The tsunami tidal waves have caused losses of over Rs 20 billion ($456 million) in India, according to the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry. Three ships costing around

1

1 Crore = 10 Million

Rs.1.5 billion have been damaged in Chennai Port and the major part of Port Blair has been severely damaged (Assocham).(Dec. 27, 2004)2. According to Reserve Bank of India, while the deadly tsunami would only have a limited economic impact, it would put some upward pressure on the fiscal deficit. The government is already fighting to keep its deficit below a target 4.4 per cent of gross domestic product, and its finances could be further stretched after paying for relief and reconstruction in Indian regions hit by the disaster. On the fiscal deficit, there will be some impact. On expenditure there will be some impact. On the revenue side, there is not expected to be any impact. RBI was preparing a final assessment of the economic damage caused by the devastating tsunami, and this would be released in a few days3.

http://www.tn.gov.in/tsunami/tsunami.htm

2 3

Epicentre:

42 kms N of Bazunazerah (Simeulue Island), Indonesia

Origin Time:

00:58:50 UTC (06:28:50 IST)

Latitude:

03.29 N

Longitude:

95.77 E

Depth:

10.0 kms below the surface of the sea

Magnitude:

8.9 on richter scale

http://autofeed.msn.co.in/pandorav3/output/Business/4d7b63be-c622-4be1-9b31-c931fc1ab8a2.aspx www.rbi.org.in

2. Andhra Pradesh4 According to official sources, 40,000 fishermen houses, 6000 boats, 47,000 fishing nets were lost to the Tsunami. THE Andhra Pradesh Government was seeking Rs.314 crore assistance from the Centre for providing relief and rehabilitation to the victims that claimed the lives of 104 people in the State. An amount of Rs 160 crore was sought for building houses for fishermen who lost their dwellings in the disaster. Besides, the State would require Rs 47 crore for replacing the fishing nets lost in the sea, Rs 8.5 crore for repairing the boats damaged and Rs 8 crore for giving 2,000 new fishing boats to fishermen who had lost their means of livelihood in the unprecedented tidal waves. Rs 50 crore was required for execution of protected water supply scheme and Rs 42 crore needed for repair and relaying of roads in the affected villages. The Government would also ask the Center to sanction Rs 5.2 crore towards miscellaneous expenditure and release 19,500 tonnes of rice to provide succour to the people. (As on 7 January, 2004). Details of calamity in the brackishwater aquaculture sector are being compiled.

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Hyderabad, East Godavari and Krishna Districts: Dr. C.Gopal and M.Muralidhar, Senior Scientists.

2.1 East Godavari No direct destruction of shrimp ponds and facilities have been reported from East Godavari district. Seawater intake system were reported to have been damaged in some hatchery units. There are 25 hatcheries of various capacities In Konapapera village. The estimated structural loss is around Rs. 10,000. The color of the water was reported to have turned muddy in the post Tsunami scenario. Salinity of the pond water also has declined and availability of brooders has come down. Some details on losses sustained by the marine fisheries sector are available in the tables. 2.2 Krishna Though Krishna district has maximum area under shrimp farming, there are no official reports of loss in the sector. At present according to the office of the Deputy Director of Fisheries, Krishna District, 14,766.67 ha are being farmed. There are 3 hatcheries which have also not reported any damages. 30, ice factories, 14 feed mills, 3 processing plants of which 1 is HACCP approved are doing business despite the Tsunami. 2.3 Guntur5 Brackishwater aquaculture is being practiced in 6 mandals viz., Bapatla, Karlapalem, Pittelavani palem, Repella, Nizampatnam and Nagaram. Presently 4500 shrimp farmers and 5243.64 ha is under culture. No damage was observed to brackishwater aquaculture as the stocking starts only in February. It was observed that Department of Fisheries, Velugu project officials, bank personal, fisheries cooperative societies, NGO’s and Voluntary organizations are actively participating and extending the relief measures. 2.3.1 Feed Back from Fisher Folk An ordinary boat costs Rs. 1 Lakh and provides employment for four persons. Damage of nets may range from Rs.5,000 to 1,00,000. The fishers are approaching the Fisheries department, Velugu project officials , local political leaders for relief . Even though temporary relief measure were met like food and clothing, permanent measures has to be initiated to rebuilt their houses and restart fishing. They opined that providing loans from banks will not help them to tackle the situation and a one time grant may useful to recoup them selves. 2.3.2 Feed Back from Farmers/ Hatchery owners/ Lab technicians As the ponds were not stocked no monetary loss was observed due to Tsunami even though ponds were flooded. It was reported that in some ponds displacement and damage of pipeline was observed and required only minor repairs. It was informed that there is slight increase in salinity from 26 ppt to 28 ppt of the seawater. It was also observed that sea water came upto the compund walls of some hatcheries which were near to sea.

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Guntur, Prakasam and Nellore: Dr. J.Shyama Dayal, Scientist ( S.S.) and Dr. C. Sarada, Scientist

2.3.3 Feed back from Officials The Department of Fisheries is actively involved in the estimation of loss due to tsunami. The report has been sent to Commissioner of Fisheries. Banks like National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development (NABARD) were also actively involved in collecting the information on individual basis so that they can extend their help in the form of loans and help them in getting the subsidies for purchasing the boats and fishing accessories. Other NGO’s and Voluntary organizations were also extending help in form of rice, clothes and health checkups. 2.3.4 Institutional Finance A special credit plan worth Rs 1.25 crore has been approved by the State Level Bankers Committee (SLBC) to help people in Guntur district affected by the tsunami. The loans will be provided towards housing and purchase of fishing nets and boats. This was among the decisions taken by the banker's committee led by Mr A.L. Nageswara Rao, General Manger, Andhra Bank, who visited the affected areas in Guntur and Krishna district. They held discussions with the special district consultative committee. All the lead banks in the coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh are convening district consultative committee meetings and working out a special action plan to provide financial aid to the affected before January 10, according to a press release from SLBC. All affected districts will prepare special credit plans for fishermen and extend loans of Rs 3,000 per family as approved by the Reserve Bank of India. They will also provide training free of cost to the kith and kin of the deceased for taking up self-employment activities. The SLBC team interacted with the affected people in Kanuru Vari Pallipalem near Machilipatnam in Krishna district. 2.4 Prakasam Presently shrimp aquaculture was practiced in 44 villages in 9 coastal mandals of Prakasam districts. Total area under shrimp culture is 5173.25 ha covering 7569 ponds. As the aquaculture farms in Prakasam district are mostly creek based no damage was found in aquaculture ponds. However it was observed that in Madnaru, Tangutur, Chintayagari palem water had flooded the ponds but no monetary loss was there as the ponds were lying fallow. The implicit cost of flushing and tilling the pond bottom could be discounted by the need for the same during the new crop season. It was informed that there was a minor damage to compound walls of M/s. Devi Seafood hatcheries. As far as marine fisheries are concerned, Prakasam district is bestowed with 104 km coast line comprising of 10 mandals. A total of 72 villages were damaged and 5469 fishermen were affected by Tsunami. It was estimated 789 craft, 8998 tackle were lost. An over all estimated loss was Rs. 7,40,95,664.

2.5 Nellore In Nellore district a total of 79 villages from 13 mandals are practicing brackishwater aquaculture. There are 8591 farms covering 13,459.24 ha. Presently 4229 farms are under shrimp culture and 6010.73 ha is under culture. There are 53 hatcheries, 4 feed mills and 4 processing plants and one integrated unit. No loss to the shrimp aquaculture sector has been reported (O/o. Assistant Director, Fisheries, Nellore). 95 villages in 10 coastal mandals were affected by the Tsunami. 201 craft worth 22.29 lakhs and 3603 crafts costing 215.04 lakhs. 75 OBM worth Rs. 9.29 lakhs and 1571 OBMs worth Rs. 65.52 lakhs were damaged. Total tackle loss was worth 368.37 lakhs and 2465 damaged tackles costing 284.50 lakhs . Overall loss to marine fisheries was estimated as 965.07 lakhs 3.0 Tamil Nadu The earthquake was also widely felt along the east coast of India. In Tamil Nadu, people felt distinct tremors in many parts of Chennai. The quake was also felt along the Coromandel coast. The devastating tidal waves that lashed several coastal districts of Tamil Nadu (Chennai, Thiruvallur, Kancheepuram, Cuddalore, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur, Thanjavur, Thoothukudi, Ramanathapuram, Tirunelveli and Kanniyakumari) on Sunday around 9.00 am have left at least 7975 dead and rendered many people homeless6. 3.1 Damages As per initial estimates (30.12.2004) the following damages were reported ( O/o. Jt. Director of Fisheries, TN State) Valloms and catamarams (partial and fully): 30,000 Nos Mechanised boats: 2500 Nos Estimated damage to fishing harbours: Rs.15 Crores Damages to houses: 75,000 houses including huts 3.2 Relief Measures undertaken so far

The following package has been announced by the Tamil Nadu Government for the fisherfolk • • • •

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Replacement of gill nets for Vallams at Rs.20,000 per unit for 10000 units at a total cost of Rs.20 crores. Replacement of gill nets for catamaran at Rs.10,000 per unit for 20000 units at a total cost of Rs.20 crores. Repair/ rebuilding of Vallams at Rs.15,000 per unit for 10000 boats at a total cost of Rs.15 crores. Repair/ rebuilding of catamarans at Rs.5000 per unit for 20000 catamarans at a total cost of Rs.10 crores.

http://www.tn.gov.in/tsunami/tsunami.htm

Brackishwater Aquaculture Scenario in Tamil Nadu Since the basic objective of this survey in India was to study the damages and losses to the brackishwater aquaculture sector, it can be confidently stated that this sector has only suffered minimal damages and loss due to the Tsunami in the overall context of the damage to the fisheries sector.

Moreover being the off season, hatcheries which have reportedly suffered some damages were in the seasonal closed phase and the farms in the state had also not started their stocking operations which normally start late January or early February. Therefore the losses to the sector in the state of Tamil Nadu could be stated as minimal in this round of survey.

3.3 Chennai, Tiruvallur and Kancheepuram districts7 3.3.1 Brackishwater Aquaculture The following are the details of shrimp farming activity in the Kancheepuram and Tiruvallur districts of Tamil Nadu as reported by the office of the Assistant Director of Fisheries 32 shrimp hatcheries from Neelankarai to Marakkanam were surveyed. This survey revealed that there was considerable damage to hatcheries in these regions. In majority of the hatcheries the following damages had occurred either partially or completely. 1) 2) 3) 4)

Damage to boundary wall Damage to sea water motor Damage to sea water pipelines and Damage to Air blower

Hatcheries situated on the sea shore or nearer to sea shore were worst affected and those which are at some distance from the shore did not suffer any damage. The average estimated loss to hatcheries which are nearer to sea shore has been estimated to be around Rs.5 to 9 lakhs. The worst affected hatcheries are M/s. K.R Hatchery, Kanathur; M/s. BMR Classwin Hatchery, Muttukadu and M/s. Millenium hatchery, Kovalam. It was a blessing in disguise that most of the hatcheries were in shut down period and hence there was no loss of human life in these hatcheries. It was reported that by these hatcheries that they had lost their animals (Post larvae and Brood stock) completely. It was observed that in hatcheries near sea shore, sea water had entered the buildings and some equipment were damaged or lost. It was also observed that the major problem confronting most of the hatcheries was that the freshwater had reportedly become saline and all were worried about the alleged contamination resulting from the Tsunami to the seed production process. It is understood that the College of Fisheries, Tuticorin has already initiated steps to study the fish and sediments for microbiological analysis to identify the presence of pathogenic bacteria in sea water 8. The current strategy for commencement of production in these hatcheries is to delay the production operation for 20 to 30 days to enable them to repair the damage and minimize the contamination. It was the observation of the CIBA team that all the hatcheries operators are cautious about the future of the shrimp hatcheries viz., availability of good brood stock, contamination by the Tsunami and the farmers perception to start aquaculture in Tsunami hit areas. It may be noted that this institute has already initiated steps for detection of possible disease causative agents in brackishwater aquaculture in the post Tsunami phase. The shrimp aquaculture ponds were not much affected by Tsunami in these districts because the aquaculture farms are backwater based and not sea water based for its water source. However, the water depth in the back water has reduced due to deposition of silt brought by Tsunami. No damages to other commercial facilities like ice plants, processing plants and feed mills were reported in these districts.

7 8

Dr. K. Ambasankar, Scientist (SS) and Dr. R. Saraswathy, Scientist The Hindu Business Line, Fisheries college scientists to study impact of tsunami Monday, Jan 10, 2005.

However, M/s. Markyu processing plant situated in Injambakkam, Chennai district was damaged by the Tsunami and has suffered an estimated annual turn over loss was Rs. 85 lakhs. 3.4. Cuddalore9 3.4.1 Brackishwater Aquaculture Cuddalore district has about 150 numbers of shrimp farms with a water-spread area of 470 ha. Area under culture during Tsunami was 50 ha and an extent of about 10 ha was affected by Tsunami. Shrimp farms located in Kundu Uppalavadi village which is in the outskirts Cuddalore town and TVS Pettai near Chidambaram were adversely affected. In the first place it was reported that 4 ha of ponds prepared for stocking was totally washed away. The bunds were damaged. The reported loss was around Rs. 2 lakhs. The nearby farm where culture was on was also affected. Farm equipment like aerators etc. worth around Rs. 50,000 were washed away. . In TVS Pettai about 2 ha of shrimp farms were damaged by run off water breaching pond bunds. The district does not have any hatcheries, ice plants, feed mills, processing plants etc. But since most of the shrimp farms were not in operation the loss due to shrimp culture was negligible. 3.4.2 Marine The marine sector has suffered considerable damage in the district. The fishery resources and an approximate loss estimated by official sources are given below. The total loss including the houses lost has been estimated to be approximately Rs.100 crores and the death toll was 612 lives in the district. 3.5 Pondicherry Region of Pondicherry Union Territory As far as shrimp aquaculture is concerned, since this region has very few farms which were creek based, they remained unaffected. The loss to the private shrimp farms was restricted to iceboxes, hauling yard implements and the like. In Pondicherry has a 28 Km coast in length with the Bay of Bengal which ahs a population of 41,120 pf which there are 15 fishermen coastal villages comprising about 9,900 families. A total of 107 people were victims of the Tsunami in this region. The huts, semi pucca houses and pucca houses which were occupied by the fishermen community were devastated by the seismic waves which raced in shore from half km to 2 km distance depending on the slope and other geographical position with reference to the sea level. 4,686 number of boats including mechanized boats, fiber glass reinforced plastic boats, FRB catamaran and wooden catamaran with out board engine and catamaran without on board motor were damaged Apart from the above, the Fishing Harbour which is situated in Pondicherry region (Thengaithittu village) was also damaged by the seismic waves which has taken away the berthed mechanized boats and FRB Boats to a distance ranging from ½ Km to 2 Km from the fishing quay. Therefore retrieval of these boats has become very much cumbersome as the extent of damage caused is also very heavy. The total damage to the fishing harbour has 9

Cuddalore, Villipuram districts and Pondicherry: Dr. M.Kumaran, Scientist (SS)

been estimated to be around Rs.25 lakhs. Similarly, seven fish landing centres, which are available in the coastal villages in Pondicherry region were adversely affected due to damage caused to the civil structures like auction hall, net mending shed, drying platform etc. worth Rs.35 Lakhs. Again damages pertaining to the catamarans moored in the river course, etc., has been estimated to be Rs.23.25 Lakhs. Thus the overall damage estimated was Rs.55.40 crores approximately. 3.6 Villupuram District Marakkanam block of Villupuram district was the coastal belt affected by Tsunamis. About 47 lives were claimed by killer waves in this district. About 44 shrimp farms with a water-spread area of 140 ha were operating in this district. Since the shrimp farms are located on the higher grounds, none of them were adversely affected due to Tsunami. About 6 shrimp hatcheries out of 15 operating in this district were damaged. Among the hatcheries affected, Southern and Best India hatcheries were the worst hit. Bore wells and compound walls were damaged in many hatcheries. Since majority of the hatcheries were in the off-season period the effect was only on physical structures not on animals. Construction of a strong compound wall could be a viable strategy to protect the hatcheries in future. According to rough estimates, the approximate physical structural loss may be Rs. 1.5 crores @ Rs.15 lakhs per hatchery of the 10 affected hatcheries and an operational cost loss of Rs.4.5 crores. Hence a total of Rs. 6 crores have been lost due to the seismic waves. 3.7 Nagapattinam10 According to initial estimates, shrimp farming in Nagapattinam district has suffered a loss of Rs. 6 crores in damages to the water intake systems in 300 ha. Currently there are 996 farms in an area of 2384 ha. This district had the maximum area under shrimp in the state, producing 1585 tonnes of shrimp from 925 hectares in 2002. Shrimp aquaculture is making fast inroads in the district. But it has escaped the wrath of the Tsunami with only marginal losses. The primary total loss to fisheries in Nagapattinam is estimated to be Rs. 221.85 crores. It includes 13 fishing villages in the district. There are 4000 catamarans, 900 valloms, 1200 trawlers among other fishing crafts. The landings are on an average about 7 tonnes a day in the month of December. Small fishers make about Rs.50-100 per day and the estimated earnings of mechanized vessels in the month of December is around Rs.10,000 per week. They make 3 fishing expeditions on an average a week11. 3.8 Karaikal ( UT of Pondicherry) Kariakal is a part of the Union Territory of Pondicherry. The total area suitable for shrimp aquaculture in Pondicherry, Karaikal and Yanam was 1209 hectares. Private entrepreneurs practised improved traditional type of shrimp aquaculture. Separate figures of area and production for Karaikal are not immediately available. Two farms which suffred major losses during the Tsunami were visited. The Nargis Aqua Farm, Karaikal has a total water spread area of 4 ha and has suffered a loss of Rs. 2.5 lakhs in terms of water pumping systems and peripheral infrastructure. The farm expects a turnover loss of over Rs. 45 lakhs in the next two 10

Nagapattinam, Karaikal and Pudukkotai: Drs. V.S.Chandrasekaran and B.Shanthi, Senior Scientist. Personal communication: Thiru Manuneethithozhan, Sub Inspector of Fisheries, Nagai Dt. These figures are indicative and may not used for extrapolation purposes. 11

seasons due to the Tsunami. The Tranquebar farm of 16.4 ha had suffered flooding in 1.8 ha and the estimated loss was around Rs. 3 lakhs. But the farmers are firm in their resolution to continue shrimp farming after reconstruction. 3.9 Pudukottai The Pudukottai district has less than 100 ha under shrimp aquaculture and has not suffered any losses. The O/o. of the Assistant Director ( Marine) at manamelkudy reported 33 catamarams missing. 3.10 Ramanathapuram12 As far as brackishwater aquaculture is concerned, the total number of shrimp farms in Ramanathapuram district are 167 covering 711.58 ha of water spread area. Out of which 20% of area was under culture during Tsunami. M/s. Gurusamy Aqua Farms in Namputhali and M/s Manna Aqua Farms in Ariyankundu, M/s. Marakayar Mandapam ( MAS prawn hatchery), ,were visited to investigate the damages due to Tsunami. Shrimp farms, M/s. Premier Marine hatchery ( south sea shore) were affected and an estimated loss of Rs. 6 crores loss due to no fishing activity has been calculated (6.1.05). 3.11 Tuticorin The total area of shrimp farm in Tutucurin district is 57.50 ha and water spread area is 50 ha. Only 16 ha were under culture during Tsunami and the farms were located in and around Pattinamaruthur. Presently functioning aqua farms are M/s. Marine Swimmers, M/s. Golden Aqua Farm, M/s. Sona Aqua Farm and M/s. Pattinamaruthur Aqua Farm . There is only one hatchery located at Kallamozhey, Tiruchendur. This hatchery reported that the water intake pipelines were damaged and the loss was assessed at Rs 10,000/- only. There were no loss reported in the ice plants ( M/s. Mandadiar ,Sipcot and Edinda ice plants, Therespuram). Processing units faced heavy loss in their turn over. They fully depend on the marine catch. M/s. Nila Sea Foods reported a loss of 9 crores due to no fishing activities (7.1.05). 3.12 Tirunelveli Tirunelveli district does not have a very active aquaculture sector. Two fishermen were killed and two were missing in the Tsunami in the district. There are seven fishing villages namely Guttapanai, Vuvari, Kuthankuli, Edithinthakarai, Perunmanal, Gooduthalai and Kuttapuli. The fishermen population is 20,210. The active fishermen were 4580. The estimation of total loss reported is Rs 18,83,05,500. Some of the houses were damaged. The fishermen lost their gears. The gears used by them are chala valai, vaval valai, thanguz valai, pacchu valai, yeitchavalai, ayala valai, gill net and cast net .

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Ramanathapuram, Tuticorin and Tirunelveli districts: Dr. D.D.Vimala, Scientist ( Selection Grade)

3.13 Kanyakumari13 The Kanyakumari district has negligible shrimp farming activity. The Government shrimp farm at Manakkudy was severely damaged. It was a practically defunct farm before the Tsunami. Some shrimp farming related establishments at Rajakkamangalam were badly affected. A crab fattening farm in Colachel remained unaffected. The marine sector has suffered substantial losses. Some of the significant losses are •

The boat making yard, Manavazhakurichi was completely damaged. The loss has been estimated to be Rs. 10 lakhs

•

Chinnamuttam fishing harbor and boats were damaged. The lsoss has been estimated to be about Rs. 25 lakhs.

•

The Mannkkudy – Keelamanakkudy bridge coonecting the two fishing villages adjacent to the Manakkudy estuary was completely damaged.

•

An amount of Rs. 80 crores has been sanctioned to the Assistant Director of Fisheries of this district for relief and rehabilitation of the fishers.

4.0 Kerala Kerala, traditionally dependent on fisheries as major avocation for many a people had suffered mild to moderate damages on fisheries sector and its infrastructure. The worst hit areas are Alappad, Aratupuzha and Edavanakad areas. State Government of Kerala has sent a memorandum to Central Government seeking Rs. 757 Crore assistance (as on 4-12005). In the districts surveyed the aquaculture sector’s losses were mainly the following: A.

Hatchery 1. 2. 3. 4.

Damages of Sea water Intake System Damages to compound walls Damages to generator, Damages to blower room/aerators and stoppage of aeration and consequent death of larvae. 5. Damages to pump houses and motors B.

Farms 1. 2. 3. 4.

13

Damages to pump houses and motors Bund erosion Silting up of ponds Loss of stock

Kanyakumari and Thiruvananthapuram districts: Dr. S. Kannappan, Scientist (SS)

4.1 Tiruvananthapuram The Tiruvananthapuram district in Kerala does not have any shrimp farming activity. M/s. Amalgam hatchery at Pozhiyoor (Vizhinjam) is safe. As far as the marine sector is concerned •

Kovalam beach and adjacent areas were not affected except for damages to fishing craft and gear.

•

Catamarans in Vizhinjam harbor area suffered damages.

4.2 Kollam14 Brackishwater farms were not adversely affected by the Tsunami in Kollam district. The Matysafed hatchery in Thirumullaravaram was damaged. Its seawater intake system including the pump house and motor were damaged. 20 lakh larvae were killed in PL 15 stage and 50 lakh larvae at different stages due to aeration failure. The loss to this state government hatchery has been estimated at Rs. 25 lakhs. Similarly seawater systems were damaged in M/s. Pavitra hatchery (Rs. 4.00 lakhs loss), M/s. John Bosco hatchery at Thirumullaravaram ( 0.60 lakhs loss) and M/s. Shore Line Hatchery at Karunagapally ( Rs. 2.0 lakhs). 14

Kollam, Alleppey and Ernakulam districts: Dr. T.Ravisankar, Senior Scientist.

4.3 Alleppey Shrimp farms in the district have not reported any loss. Though claims are coming in the state, officials are examining the cases one by one. M/s. Maveli Hatchery, Thirukunnapuzha suffered complete damage to structure and facility. The loss has been estimated at Rs.40.00 lakhs. M/s. Aquatech Hatchery, Pallithodu and M/s. West Coast Hatchery, Andhakaranazhy also suffered infrastructural losses of Rs. 3.00 lakhs and Rs. 4.00 lakhs respectively. 4.4 Ernakulam 24 shrimp farms (85,77 ha) were damaged in the Tsunami in this district as reported by the O/o. Deputy Director of Fisheries. 6 farms (10 ha) in Puthenvelikkara, 16 farms (64 ha) in Mulavukad, 1 farm (0.28 ha) in Kumbalam and an area of 10.93 ha were severely damaged in the Tsunami. The total loss has been evaluated at Rs. 87.30 lakhs. 4 hatcheries have ben damaged by the Tsunami. M/s. Hatech Biosystems, Kannamally suffered an estimated loss of Rs. 0.20 lakhs, in terms of siltation in and damages to seawater intake systems. M/s. Abad Hatchery suffred a loss of Rs. 3.0 lakhs, M/s. Kaliparambil hatchery ( Rs. Neg.), Aqua Plaza Hatchery, Vypeen (Rs. 2.00 lakhs), M/s. ANS Hatchery, Vypeen (Rs. 20.00 lakhs), M/s. Sea Horse Hatchery, Edavanakad (Rs. 4.00 lakhs). Damages including structural, electrical and live material.

4.5 Calicut15: Calicut district was not affected much by Tsunami. The two major harbors of the district, Puthiappa and Beypore were affected. A total of Rs67. 5 lakhs is estimated to be lost due to Tsunami. Shrimp farms are remained unaffected.. 4.6 Malappuram Malappuram district is the least affected district of the Malabar Coast. One of the hatcheries owned by Matsyafed was unaffected. Shrimp farms of this district were also not affected. The total estimated loss is estimated to be Rs 25 lakhs in the marine fisheries sector. 4.7 Kannur One of the two hatcheries of Malabar Coast, Matsyafed hatchery, Mappila Bay, Kannur 17, was severely damaged due to the giant seismic waves. Waves hit around midnight of December 26, 04. The Matsyafed hatchery with a capacity of 30 million post larvae was started in 1989 and it has been the major seed source catering the brackish water shrimpfarming sector of the northern Kerala. The building complex, equipment and live materials were all damaged at this hatchery. The total loss of this hatchery is estimated to be Rs 60 lakhs. The split up loss is given in the following Table Building Machinery Live materials Total

15

Loss in lakhs Rupees 9.00 15.00 36.00 60.00

Calicut, Mallapuram, Kannur and Kasargode: Drs. K.P.Jithendran and C.P.Balasubramainam, Senior Scientists

Damages due to Tsunami on shrimp grow out system was not as high as shrimp hatcheries. This is mainly because most of the shrimp farms are creek based rather than sea based. However, corresponding with the rise of water level in the sea, creak/ river water has also been raised. This sudden and unexpected rise in creek water has inundated many shrimp farms of the district. The district has 731 ha of shrimp culture area with 300 shrimp farms. During this period most of the farm were under off season break. However, many of the non operating farms were also obliterated due to the sudden inundation of water from the creek A total of 6 adversely affected farms were visited and information were collected. The average loss per ha was estimated to be Rs1. 3 lakhs per ha and average loss for shrimp grow out system of Kannur alone is estimated to be 91 lakhs. One fish processing unit in Kannur district was entirely damaged since the fish oil of the plant mixed with the creek water. This polluted water entered the neighboring farms and allegedly caused the major damage to the shrimp reared in the ponds.

Table: Estimated loss in Brackishwater shrimp farms in Kannur District Estimated loss in the surveyed farms (Rs) Total area of farms surveyed Average loss per ha (Rs)

: 7.95 lakhs

Total area under shrimp farming in Kannur Total area affected due to tsunami Estimated total loss of shrimp aquafarmers due to tsunami in Kannur dt (Rs)

: 731ha : 73 ha

: 8. 0 ha : 1. 3 lakhs

: 91 lakhs

The farming of mussel, Perna virdis, is one of the minor aquaculture activities of the district. The mussel farming is not popularized in this district as the neighbouring Kasorgode district. Few farmers engaged in the bottom culture of mussel lost their crop. The loss is estimated to be Rs 1lakh. The total loss in fisheries sector of the district Kannur is Rs 4.71 crore 4.8 Kasargode The shrimp-farming sector of the district remained unaffected whereas mussel-farming sector was severely damaged. A total of 500 units have been engaged in rope culture of mussel in this district. Around 100 units lost their produce and equipment during Tsunami. In capture fisheries sector a loss of Rs 1 crore has been estimated

Conclusions Shrimp farms are mostly creek based due to that the farms could escape from the effect of Tsunami. However, the farms adjacent to sea side were affected badly due to the killer waves. The worst hit was marine side and fishermen villages. Adequate measures need to be taken on war footing to rehabilitate the marine fisheries and fishermen. The governments, Public, NGOs etc., are doing their mite for the above. The following safety measures as found elsewhere may be established to minimize such effects in future. 1.Tsunami has great erosion potential, stripping beaches of sand that may have taken years to accumulate and undermining trees and other coastal vegetation. Capable of inundating, or flooding, hundreds of meters inland past the typical high-water level, the fast-moving water associated with the inundating tsunami can crush homes and other coastal structures. Tsunamis may reach a maximum vertical height onshore above sea level, often called a run-up height, of 10, 20, and even 30 meters. Hence planting of live and artificial fences like mangroves, Casurina, stone walls (as in Pondicherry which saved Pondicherry), Sand dunes etc, may be planned to minimize the effect. 2. Establishment of Tsunami Warning System and Tsunami Warning Centres: It has the functions of monitoring seismological and tidal stations throughout the coast to evaluate potentially tsunamigenic earthquakes and disseminating tsunami warning information. The warning includes predicted tsunami arrival times at selected coastal communities within the geographic area defined by the maximum distance the tsunami could travel in a few hours. A tsunami watch with additional predicted tsunami arrival times is issued for a geographic area defined by the distance the tsunami could travel in a subsequent time period. Tsunami watch, warning, and information bulletins are disseminated to appropriate emergency officials and the general public through Mass Media and other communication methods. As has been observed by the Food and Agriculture Organisation, the impact of the Tsunami has long term implications on the fishing and seafood export industry (See Box 1). The time taken for rehabilitation and reconstruction of the facilities by and for the small and marginal farmers in shrimp aquaculture will determine the extent of loss minimization for the sector as a whole. 90 percent of Indian shrimp farmers are in the marginal and small farmer category. Among the ways they can be helped are 5. Soft loans at low rates of interest to enable them to get back to their regular farming operations 6. Fast and efficient reconstruction of support infrastructure like roads, electricity, telecommunications and the like 7. Establishment of regular information exchange system for confidence building and faster development 8. Efficient coordination between the various governmental and non governmental machineries for quick and efficient come back to full scale farming and fishing operations.

Table 1: Impact of Tsunami in East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh 1. General Damage Mandals affected - 13 Number of coastal villages affected – 99 S.No. Parameter 1

Deaths

2

Houses -

Number 4

Fully lost Partly damaged

2. Agriculture damage 1 Paddy nurseries 2 Vegetable crops

519 38

Immediate Relief measures taken up and expenditure incurred Per unit Total Rs. 1 lakh for adult & Rs. 4 lakhs 0.5 lakh for children Rs. 2000/- per each case 0.46 lakhs towards funeral charges Rs. 1500/- per case 0.28 lakhs Rs. 750/- per case 0.015 lakhs

223 ha 5 ha

3. Aquaculture damage 1 Aquaculture ponds - Damage is nil. 2 Hatcheries – damage is negligible. In Konapapeta village 20 to 25 hatcheries are existing and the damage as a whole will be around Rs. 10000/- (Out side pipeline). Discussion with hatchery owners : 1. Water is muddish in colour and it can be controlled by the treatment. 2. Water salinity has come down from 30 to 26. 3. Brood stock availability has come down and the brood stock is having fungal infection. 3 Fish tanks damaged 97 ha

Table 2: Impact of Tsunami in East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh 4. Marine Fisheries damage S.No. Parameter

Total Fisheries Division Kakinada Amalapuram

1.

2.

3.

4.

Crafts Lost Number Value in lakhs Relief proposed @ Rs.2000/- per unit Crafts damaged Number Value in lakhs Relief proposed @ Rs1000/- per unit Tackles loss/damaged Number (belongs to fishermen)

Rajahmundry

67 13.4 1.34

40 4 0.8

-

107 17.4 2.14

1085 54.25 10.85

586 29.30 5.86

60 2.18. 0.6

1731 85.73 17.31

5604 (1401) 112.08 7.005

4736 (1184)

697 (104)

11037 (2689)

Value in lakhs 94.72 2.38 Relief proposed @ Rs. 500/- per 5.920 0.520 victim Number of victims 2553 1810 120 Value in lakhs 179.73 128.02 4.56 Relief in lakhs 19.195 12.580 1.120 Value of dry fish washed away Rs. 1.13 lakh Discussion with Fishermen : Present situation – Upto 3/1/05 no fishing and 4/1/05 some good catch has come Current livelihood – some people are working as labourers in construction works.

209.18 13.445 4483 312.31 32.895

Table 3: Aquaculture statistics – Guntur Dt., AP S.No. 1

4 5

Parameter BW area developed into shrimp ponds (Total no. of farmers corresponding to this) Actual BW area under culture (Number of farmers corresponding to this) Shrimp production in 2004 as on November Marine shrimp (capture) Brackishwater shrimp (culture) No. of Reservoirs No. of inland fish tanks

6

No. of fish seed farms

2 3

10085.17 ha (10479) 9252.82ha (9454) 3227 tonnes 6578 tonnes 6 3380 35 ( Govt. – 6, Private – 9)

Table 4: Brackishwater Related Industry – Guntur Dt. l. No. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Parameters Hatcheries Ice plants Feed mills Freezing points

5

Cold storage plants

5

Laboratories -

11

6 Private Government

Number 72 15 1 5

144 tonnes/dy

60 tonnes/day

1

Capacity 2350 million

25 tonnes/day

Table 5: Impact of Tsunami in Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh 1. General damage Mandals affected - 4 Number of coastal villages affected – 48 Severely affected - 24 S.No Parameter

Number

1

Deaths

2

Houses damaged -

3 4 5

No. of families evacuated Relief camps organized No. of persons evacuated and kept in relief camps Transported vehicles, busses and boats engaged for evacuating

6

35 (Resident –23 ; Non resident 12) Fully

Partly Inundated

19 2 408 18000 3 3500

Immediate Relief measures taken up and expenditure incurred Per unit Total 19.5 lakhs Rs. 1 lakh for adult & Rs. 0.5 lakh for children Rs. 2000/- per each 0.46 lakhs case towards funeral charges Rs. 1500/- per case 0.28 lakhs Rs. 750/- per case 0.015 lakhs Rs. 750/- per case 3.06 lakhs 25 kg rice per family 45 lakhs Rs. 30/- per person for 4 days

74 units

4.65 lakhs

2. Aquaculture damage 1 Aquaculture ponds - Damage is nil 2 Hatcheries – Damage is nil.

Table 6: Aquaculture Development – Krishna Dt., AP 1 2

BW area developed into shrimp ponds (Total no. of farmers corresponding to this) Actual BW area under culture (Number of farmers corresponding to this)

28905 ha (37036) 14766.67 ha (18853)

Table 7: Brackishwater Related Industry – Krishna Dt. Sl. No. 1.

2. 3. 4.

Parameters Hatchery (Total)

3

(i) Shrimp hatchery

1

(ii) Macrobrachium hatchery Ice factories Feed mills Processing plants

2 30 14 3

Haccp approved

1

Laboratories

5

PCR lab Cyclone warning centres

1

5.

6.

4.2 lakhs

1

Table 8: Information Source: Guntur and Krishna Districts, AP S.No.

Name

1

Sh.M.Balaram

2

Sh. Basheer Ahmed

3

Sh.T.Rammohan Rao

4

Sh.Andranju Panduranga Rao

5

Sh.K.Venkatanarayana

6

Sh.V. Venkateswara Rao

7

Sh.RethinRaj

8

Sh.Wilson

9

Sh.Srinivasulu

10

Sh.Ramanujaneyulu

Designation Deputy Director In Charge, Dept. of Fisheries, Krishna District Assistant Director, Dept. of Fisheries, Masula, Krishna District President, Krishna District A farmers Protection Committee President, Tallapalem Fishermen Cooperative Society President, Satravapalem Fishermen Cooperative Society Hatchery Owner, Urlagonditippa, Krishna District Deputy Director, MPEDA, Vijayawada Assistant Director (Engineering), MPEDA, Vijayawada Junior Technical Officer (Krishna District) MPEDA, Vijayawada Junior Technical Officer (Prakasam District) MPEDA, Vijayawada

Table 9: Impact of Tsunami in Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh Sl.No

Mandal

No.Of

Total

Value

Total

Value in Rs.

Tackle

Villeges

Craft

Rs.

in

Craft

lakhs

/damagedin

Loss

Loss

Lakhs

Damage

Value in Rs.

No.

Grand

Lakhs

of.units

in Rs. Lakhs

Nos

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

1

Nizampatnam

15

---

---

23

2.3

662

69.80

685

72.10

Mandal 2

L..V.Dibba

3

4

1.2

2

0.20

337

33.70

343

35.10

3

Bapatla

7

----

---

23

2.30

59

6.75

82

9.05

4

1.2

48

4.80

1058

110.25

1110

116.25

Mandal 4

Total

Total

Table 10: Impact of Tsunami in Prakasam Dt., AP Sl.

Mandal

No

No.Of

No.Of

Total

Value in

Taotal

Tackle

Tackle

Tackle

Tackle

Value in

Grand Total in

Villeges

Effected

Craft

Rs.

Craft

Value in Rs.

Loss in

loss in

Value in Rs.

Damage

Damage

Rs.

Rs.

Fisherman

Loss

Damage

Nos

Kgs.

in Nos

in Kgs.

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

1

Chirala

2

438

50

6,72,500

---

---

368

23162

59,95,700

---

--

--

66,88,200

2

Vetapalam

8

484

---

--

146

34,08,500

116

21354

24,82,340

320

14904

28,20,700

87,11,540

3

Chinaganjam

15

800

273

33,25,500

286

14,78,900

814

16427

61,75,800

3

1023

1,58,000

1,11,38,38,200

4

N.G.Padu

5

157

124

12,20,500

23

1,43,300

1091

4633

13,25,500

16

2617

7,88,600

34,77,900

5

Ongole

2

244

109

17,71,000

8

1,08,000

218

7585

25,61,000

---

--

---

44,40,400

6

Kothapatnam

14

1299

27

1,36,000

895

81,51,700

2289

23,540

97,21,200

---

---

--

1,80,08,900

7

Tanguturu

2

154

65

1,62,500

1

16,500

88

453

2,56,500

--

--

--

4,35,500

8

Singarayakonda

7

542

33

12,65,000

302

39,51,400

2607

20428

30,52,850

--

--

--

82,69,250

9

Ulavapadu

14

1183

108

6,66,000

815

39,42,150

1113

13838

44,74,300

1100

15585

17,81,724

1,08,64,174

10

Gudluru

3

168

9

75,000

15

1,40,000

264

4015

18,67,000

---

---

---

20,82,000

Total

72

5469

798

92,94,000

2491

2,13,40,250

8998

135615

3,79,12,190

1439

34129

55,49,024

7,40,95,664

Table 11: Impact of Tsunami in Nellore Dt., AP Sl.No

Mandal

No.Of Villages

Total Craft Loss/damage

Value in Rs. Lakhs

Tackle /damage Nos

1

2

3

4

5

1

Indukurupet

6

291

2

Vakadu

10

3

Kota

4

Loss

Value in Rs. Lakhs

Grand Total in Rs. Lakhs

6

7

8

28.10

1152

78.12

106.61

544

69.99

448

81.33

151.32

4

141

20.11

127

20.27

40.38

Muthukuru

9

214

15.19

406

32.67

47.86

5

Kavali

19

832

56.36

2489

182.16

238.52

6

T.P.Gudem

9

420

4.07

325

13.86

17.93

7

Vidavaluru

14

425

25.09

1047

60.12

86.02

8

Bogulu

8

568

45.59

1109

103.48

149.07

9

Chilakuru

8

137

10.05

205

29.86

39.91

10

Alluru

8

232

36.78

583

50.67

87.45

Total

95

3804

312.14

7891

652.93

965.07

Table 12: Impact of Tsunami in Chennai, Kancheepuram and Thiruvalluvar Dt., TN No.of villages

Population

House

Human lives lost

affected

affected

Chennai

24

65322

17722

206

Kancheepuram

74

Thiruvallur

6

100000

9500

128

25600

5000

29

Table 13: Brackishwater Resources in Thiruvalluvar and Kancheepuram Dts. TN Thiruvallur

Kancheepuram

104

67

Area in Hectares

390.06

404.31

Area under culture

39.11

303

Total No. of shrimp farms

Area flooded due to Tsunami

Nil

Nil

Hatcheries

1

47

Feed mill

2

Nil

Ice plants

5

4

Processing plants

Nil

5

Table 14: Estimated of Loss of Lives due to Tsunami in Tamil Nadu (Source: Govt.of TN, 9.1.2005 as in Hindu Page no.3) Sl.No 1

District

Nos 206

Chennai 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

29 Thiruvallur Kancheepuram 128 Villupuram 47 Cuddalore 612 Nagapattinam 6038 Thiruvarur 16 Thanjavur 26 Pudukottai 15 Ramanathapuram 06 Thoothukudi 03 Thirunelveli 04 Kanyakumari 821 Total Dead 7951 Total no. of displaced 1 Lakh Family 40% of the dead is Children

Table 15 : Coastal Fishery Resources of T.N (DOF, 2003) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Coastal line – 1000 km (second longest & 13% of Country’s) 591 fishing villages 8.53 lakes of fishermen population Continental shelf area - 41412 km2 EEZ 0.19 million km2 56,000 ha estimated BWA 14,880 ha estimated BW potential Total area under shrimp farming – 4455 ha (3178 ha creek based & 1277 Sea based). 16% of the farmers - < 2 ha water spread area 32% between 2 t 5 ha 35% above 5 ha Model shrimp farms at 10 locations 68 hatcheries, 2 feed mills, 29 ice plants, 43 processing plants and 89 cold storages.

Table 16: . Shrimp Aquaculture Scenario in Tamil Nadu Sl.No

District

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Thiruvallur Kancheepuram Villupuram Cuddalore Nagapattinam Thiruvarur Thanjavur Pudukottai Ramanathapuram Thoothukudi Thirunelveli Kanyakumari Total

Area (ha) 60.50

Production (tonnes) 100.00

80.20 78.70 325.00 927.00 72.75 139.20 76.00 312.50 40.00 4.00 6.11 2121.96

150.00 135.00 535.00 1585.00 150.00 235.00 140.00 485.00 50.00 3.30 3.20 3571.50

Table 17: Shrimp farming in Tamil Nadu Sl.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Shrimp Aquaculture Scenario in Tamil Nadu Shrimp aquaculture potential = 56000 ha Area developed for Shrimp aquaculture = 4455 ha Area under utilisation = 2900 ha Total no. of shrimp farms in Tamil Nadu = 2778 Total no. of shrimp farms in operation = 1846 Farms applied for liscence = 1271 No. of liscence issued = 297 Applications for clearance with Aquaculture Authority = 267 Applications for clearance with District Committee = 606

Table 18: Tamil Nadu Brackishwater Resources (DOF, GOTN, 2003) Sl.No

District

1

BW area available in Ha 200

BW potential readily available in Ha -----

Chennai 2

14660

2662

8100

2703

31400

6292

900

247 1385 1565 18 14 880

Thiruvallur

3 4 5 6 7

Kancheepuram Villupuram Cuddalore Nagapattinam Thiruvarur Thanjavur Pudukottai Ramanathapuram Thoothukudi Kanyakumari Total

400 300 56 000

Table 19: The Fishery resources affected in Cuddalore district Sl.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Resources Catamarans Vallams Mechanised boats Fish Landing Centres Fish Landings per day Average price Value of fish landing per day Total value per month Average fish landing per month is about 2000 tonnes @ Rs.75/Kg and the value is approximately 10 Physical damage (Crafts & Gears ) worth 11 A minimum amount a non – mechanized boat fisherman can earn per month 12 A minimum amount a mechanized boat fisherman can earn per month Source: ADF (M), DOF, Cuddalore on 04-01-2005

Nos. 5911 367 984 3 100 tonnes Rs.75/Kg. Rs.75,00,000 30 * 75,00,000 = 22,50,00,000 2000000*75 = 15,00,00,000 (15 crores) 100 crores Rs.3000 Rs.15, 000

Table 20: Statistics on Fishing Crafts Damaged Due to Tsunami on 26.12.2004 Source: (ADF (M), DOF, Cuddalore on 04-01-2005)

Sl.No 1

Item Wooden Mechanised worth 10 Lakhs

Total

Partial

Loss

Loss

50

161

Worth in Rs. 50,000,000 + 80500000 = 13,05,00,000

2

Mechanised FRP boats worth 2 1/2

114

137

28500000 + 17125000

Lakhs 3

= 45625000

Catamaran wooden boats worth 1

2731

284

273100000 + 14200000 =

Lakh 4

287300000

Catamaran FRP boats worth 1 1/2

593

601

88950000 +45075000

Lakhs

= 134025000 Total

3488

1183

59,74,50,000

Table 21: Crafts and Tackles Compensation Recommended (Govt. of Pondicherry, 6.1.2005) Sl.No

Type of credit

Total cost in Lakhs

Financial Assistance recommended (Rs. In lakhs) Partial Total

Types of tackles

Total cost in Lakh Rs.

Financial Assistance recommende d (Rs. In lakhs)

1 2 3

Mechanized Boat FRP Mechanized Boat FRP Catamaran with OBM Wooden Catamaran with OBM Wooden Catamaran without OBM

800 300 100

600 200 075

100 050 040

Nets Nets Nets

100 100 030

100 100 030

0650

050

030

Nets

030

030

025

020

000

Nets

030

030

4 5

Table 22: Statistics on Fishing Crafts Damaged Due to Tsunami on 26.12.2004 Sl.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Item Total Loss Mechanised Boats (Wooden Hull) 190 Mechanised Boats (FRP Hull) 57 FRP Catamaran with OBM 809 Wooden Catamaran with OBM 684 Catamaran without OBM 2963 Inland 25 Nava -Vallam with OBM -Total no. of Crafts 4647 Net (Two nos. for each craft) 9294 (The total damage assessed works out to be Rs.55 Crores).

Partial Loss 9 30

39 78

Table 23: The Fishery resources affected in Villupuram district Sl.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Resources Catamarans Mechanised boats Fishing villages Fish Landing Centres Fish Landings per day Average price Value of fish landing per day Total value per month Average fish landing per month is about 600 tonnes @ Rs.40/Kg and the value is approximately 10 Physical damage (Crafts & Gears ) worth 11 A minimum amount a non – mechanized boat fisherman can earn per month 12 A minimum amount a mechanized boat fisherman can earn per month (ADF (M), DOF, Cuddalore on 04-01-2005)

Nos. 1500 25 19 19 28 tonnes Rs.40/Kg. Rs.11,20,000 30 * 11,20,000 = 3,36,00,000 600000*40 = 2,40,00,000 (2.5 crores) 15crores Rs.3000 Rs.15,000

Table 24: Places visited and personnel met during the survey Cuddalore, and Villipuram Dts of TN and Pondicherry Sl.no 1

Date 04.01.2005

Places visited 1. Office of the Assistant Director of Fisheries (Marine), DOF, GOT, Fisheries Complex, Cuddalore - OT 2. Sonangkuppam Fishermen Village 3.Thalanguda Fishermen Village

2

05.01.2005

Office of the Assistant Director of Fisheries (Aquaculture), DOF, GOT, Chidambaram

3

06.01.2005

1. Collectorate Office, Pondicherry Saram, Pondicherry 2. Kurshikuppam 3. Kanakachettikulam

4.

07.01.2005

1. Balaji Hatcheries 2. Oceanic hatcheries (P) Ltd. 3. Best India hatcheries 4. Sona hatcheries All in Marakkanam block, Villupuram district.

Personnel met Shri.T.Srinivasan, Assistant Director of Fisheries (Marine). 04142 – 238170 Sri.M.Sivakumar, Sub – inspector of Fisheries, Sri. V.Tamilmani, Research Assistant (Aqua. Extension), Camp: Cuddalore Shri. J. Lokanathan, Deputy Collector (North) Shri. S. Siva Kumar Deputy Collector (South) Shri. Kothandaraman + Fishermen (Kanakachettikulam) Shri. K. Kathirvel + Fishermen (Kurshikuppam) Mr. Ravikumar, Sr. Technical manager Mr. Senthil kumar, Technical manager Mr. K. Selvaraj, Technical manager

Table 25: Details of damaged crafts and gears due to Tsunami in Ramnad, Tuticorin and Tirunelveli Dts, TN Gears & Crafts Wooden catamaram without engine

Ramanathapuram

Partially damaged Fully damaged

Tutucurin

Tirunelveli

639 3

620 452

27 -

315

-

15 -

-

260 2

84 1

218 13

597 -

196 99

2 -

155

-

Wooden catamaram with engine Partially damaged Fully damaged Wooden vallam with engine Partially damaged Fully damaged Wooden vallam without engine Partially damaged Fully damaged All other types of traditional crafts without engine (FRP Vallam) Partially damaged Fully damaged All other types of traditional crafts with engine Partially damaged Fully damaged

-

Table 26: Details of BWA in Ramnad, Tuticorin and Tirunelveli Dts, TN District

Total no of farms

Water spread area (ha)

Ramanathapuram

167

711.58

Tutucurin Tirunelveli

15 -

57.50 -

Total no of farms under culture during Tsunami (ha) 20 % of the area 16 -

Table 27: Tsunami losses of Aquaculture Sector of Kerala State in Ernakulam, Allepey and Kollam Districts, Kerala District

Farms

Hatchery

Nature of damages

Kollam DD Fisheries Fax No: 0474 2792850

No damage was reported by State fisheries officials. Claims from farmers are being scrutinized ( as on 8-12005)

1.Matysafed Shrimp hatchery, Thirumullaravaram

Seawater intake system affected Pump house & Motor damaged Blower affected 20 lakh larvae killed in PL 15 stage and 50 lakh larvae at different stages due to aeration failure Seawater intake system affected Pump house & Motor damaged Fencing damaged Seawater intake system affected Pump house & Motor damaged

2.Pavithra Hatchery, Thirumullaravaram

3. John Bosco Shrimp hatchery Thirumullavaram 4. Shoreline Shrimp hatchery, Karunagapally

Allepey DD Fisheries Fax No: 0477 2251103/ 2252367

Ernakulam DD Fisheries Fax No: 0484 2394476

No damage was reported by State fisheries officials. Claims from farmers are being scrutinized ( as on 8-12005)

Financial loss (Rs.Lakhs) 25.00

4.00

0.60

Seawater intake system affected Pump house & Motor damaged, Fibre tanks 2 nos damaged 10 lakh PL lost Complete loss

2.00

2.Aquatech hatchery, Pallithodu

Compound wall, pumps, generator, Blower

3.00

3.West coast Hatchery, Andhakaranazhy

pumps, Blower

1.Maveli Hatchery, Thirukunnapuzha

generator,

Farms (24 affected 85,77 ha) Puthenvelikkara 6 farms -10 ha Mulavukad 16 farms (64 ha) Kumbalam (1 farm 0.28 ha) EdaKochi (10.93 ha)

40.00

4.00 5.00(Bunds) 5.00(Seeds)

64.00 0.30 (Bunds & seeds) 13.00 (Bunds) Hatcheries (4 affected) 1. Hatech Biosystems, Kannamaly 2. Abad hatchery

Seawater intake system affected, Silting

0.20

Fence, intake

3.00

Seawater system

affected, Silt 3.Kaliparambil Hatchery 4.Aquaplaza hatchery Vypin

Mild damages

---

Seawater intake system affected

2.00

5. ANS hatchery, Vypin

Seawater intake system, fence affected, blower generator & motor affected. 18 lakh PL lost

20.00

6. Sea horse hatchery, Edavanakad

Fence, FRP Tanks, motors, blowers, generator and 10 lakh seed

4.00

Table 28: The details of individual shrimp farms visited during the survey In Kozhikode, Malappuram, Kannur and Kasargode Dts, Kerala Name and address of the farmer

Total farm area (ha)

Total water spread area (ha)

Area under culture during tsunami (ha)

Area flooded during tsunami

Estimated loss in production due to tsunami (Rs lakhs)

Dinesh, K. Reliance aqua farms, Thiruvangad, Thalassery Kannur, Phone: 9847166202 Anis, Parappuram, Dharmadam, Thalassery Kannur Sivanandan, V. V. Madayi, Vengara P. O. Pazayangadi, Kannur dt Phone: 919847291934 Murali, K. Madayi, Vengara P. O. Pazayangadi, Kannur dt Ravi Madayi, Vengara P. O. Pazayangadi, Kannur dt

1.2

1.02

1.02

1.02

1.7

Estimated loss in production for next two season 1.7

0.71

0.61

0.61

0.61

3.0

3.0

1.67

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.5

1.5

0.8

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.75

0.75

1.2

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Table 29: Summary of the Estimated losses in the Districts of North Kerala

Sl No

Sector

Estimated loss (Rs lakhs)

Brackish water aquaculture Hatchery Mussel culture Marine fisheries Total

91.0 60.0 01.0 319.0 471. 0

Brackish water aquaculture Hatchery Mussel culture Marine fisheries Total

Nil Nil Nil 67.5 67.5

Brackish water aquaculture Hatchery Mussel culture Marine fisheries Total

Nil Nil 20.0 100.0 120.0

Brackish water aquaculture Hatchery Mussel culture Marine fisheries Total

Nil Nil 15 lakhs 10 lakhs 25 lakhs

Kannur 1 2 3 4

Calicut 1 2 3 4

Kasargode 1 2 3 4

Malappuram 1 2 3 4

ANNEXURE 1 TEAMS FOR ASSESSMENT OF LOSS TO BRACKISHWATER AQUACULTURE SECTOR AND TENTATIVE TOUR PROGRAMMES Duration of S.No State Districts Names of Scientists Program E.Godavari / Krishna

1.

Andhra Pradesh

Dr. M.Muralidhar, Senior Scientist

4.1.05

7.1.05

2.

Andhra Pradesh

Prakasam / Nellore

Dr. Shyama Dayal, Scientist (SS) / Dr. C. Sarada, Scientist

4.1.05

6.1.05

3.

Tamil Nadu

Tiruvalluvar / Kancheepuram/ Chennai

Dr. Amba Sankar Scientist (SS)/ Dr. Saraswathy, Scientist

4.1.05

6.1.05

4.

Tamil Nadu

Cuddalore/ Villipuram/ Pondicherry

Dr. M.Kumaran, Scientist (SS)

4.1.05

7.1.05

5.

Tamil Nadu

Nagapattinam / Karaikal / Pudukkotai

Dr.V.S.Chandrasekaran / Dr.B.Shanthi Senior Scientists

4.1.05

7.1.05

6.

Tamil Nadu

Ramnad / Tuticorin / Tirunelveli

Dr. D.D.Vimala, Scientist ( Sel. Gr.)

4.1.05

8.1.05

7.

Kerala

Kollam / Alleppey / Ernakulam

4.1.05

9.1.05

8.

Kerala

4.1.05

9.1.05

Calicut / Cannanore / Kasargode

Dr. M.Krishnan ( Principal Scientist)/ Dr. T.Ravisankar ( Senior Scientist) Dr. K.P.Jithendran / Dr. C.P.Balasubramaniam, Senior Scientists)

Note: The teams will collect data in questionnaire designed by TTEIS. Photographs of affected sites to be taken. Compilation and report writing will be done by TTEIS. Report to be submitted by 15th January 2005

Copies to: Scientists concerned SIC – CCD / AAHMS / NBPS/ AEES / TTEIS Administrative Officer Asst. Finance and Accts Officer

DIRECTOR

ASSESSMENT OF LOSS DUE TO TSUNAMI TO FISHERIES AND BRACKISHWATER AQUACULTURE SECTORS IN COASTAL STATES OF AP, TN AND KERALA 1.

2. 3. 3A.

3B.

3C.

Address of BFDA/Fish Dept/Hatchery/ Boat Yard/ Farm/Factory/ (Tel. Nos. / Fax etc.) Name of the Contacted Farmer/ Officer with Designation BRACKISHWATER AQUACULTURE SHRIMP FARMS ( Dt. Info.) No. of farms Total Area ( ha) Total water Spread area ( ha) Area under culture during the Tsunami Area flooded due to Tsunami (Ha) Estimated loss to Tsunami (Rs/ha) Estimated loss in production in the next two seasons (Rs./lakhs) SHRIMP FARMS ( Individual Farms) Total water Spread area ( ha) Area under culture during the Tsunami Area flooded due to Tsunami (Ha) Estimated loss to Tsunami (Rs/ha) Estimated loss in production in the next two seasons (Rs./lakhs) Estimated loss in production for the next two seasons (Qty) Details of diversification plans / alternate strategies if any HATCHERIES/ ICE PLANTS/ FEED MILLS/ PROC. PLANTS (Dt. Info) No. of Plants Hatcheries Ice Plants Feed Mills Proc. Plants Integrated Units Estimated loss to plants to Tsunami at Dt. Level ( Rs./ Lakhs.) in Dec. Expected state support and Type Support Received so far. Estimated loss in production and turnover in the next two seasons (Rs./Lakhs)

3D.

HATCHERIES/ ICE PLANTS/ FEED MILLS/ PROC. PLANTS (Individual Plant responses) Estimated loss in capital (Equipment/ Land / Structures) (Rs./Lakhs) Estimated Loss in Production (Tonnes and Value)

Estimated loss in turnover for the next financial year. (Rs./Lakhs.) Expected Govt. Support and Type Corporate strategies 4 4A

4B.

MARINE FISHERIES Marine Fisheries ( Dt. Info) No. of catamarans/ Valloms/Trawlers/Long liners in the Dt Fish Landings / Day/ December ( Tonnes) Ave value of Fish Landings in December ( Rs. Lakhs) across last ten years Primary TOTAL Loss to fisherfolk in landings - week following Tsunami ( Qty in Tonnes / Value in Rs. Lakhs) Estimated earnings of to small fisherfolk ( catamaran and non mechansed operators)/per day/December (Rs./Hundreds) Estimated earnings of mechanized vessels/ per day/ December (Rs./ Thousands) Estimated loss to industry from fall in dt fish landings (Rs. /Lakhs) in Dec. Marine Fishing Industry ( Boat Yards/ Net manufacturers/Gear manufacturers etc.): Expected increase in demand for Craft and gear in the next fin. Yr. (Rs. Lakhs) Marine Fisheries ( Individual Fisherfolk) Ave Estimated earnings per day/ December (Rs./ Hundreds) Loss of income in the last week of December to Tsunami Estimated loss of craft / gear (Rs. Lakhs) Support offered by the DoF Current Livelihood Means Exploration of alternate livelihood strategies Institutional Support in restoration of normal fishing operations/ Pl. Specify nature and kind of assistance offered by banks etc.

______Nos(Catamarans) / ______Nos Valloms / ___ Nos Trawlers/ ___ Long Liners / _________ Nos Others Pl. Specify _____Nos

Rs._______/Day(Small) Rs.______/Day(Mechanised) Rs. _______/Day(Small) Rs.______/Day(Mechanised) Rs. _______(Small) Rs. _____/(Mech.)

Notes: Pl. visit: MPEDA offices, State Dept of Fisheries Offices, NABARD offices, Aq. Farms, fisherfolk, Landing centers and fishing harbors, Net manufacturers, ice plants, feed mills, hatcheries, boat manufacturers, Disease diagnostics labs and others.

Date:

Name and Signature of Scientist

Box 1: Seafood exports may decline 30 pc C.J. Punnathara The Hindu Business lIne Kochi , Jan. 16. 2005 SEAFOOD exports from India may decline by as much as 30 per cent, the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) has said in an assessment report on the impact of tsunami in South-East Asian region. Fishermen living along the 1,000-km of Indian coastline were the worst hit by tsunami. About 2,000 fishing boats, 48,000 fishing gear have been lost and 3,00,000 fishermen have lost their jobs. In Tamil Nadu, 591 fishing villages and 30 islands of Andaman and Nicobar islands have been badly affected by the tsunami, the report said. However, the Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA) was more cautious and its Chairman, Mr G. Mohan Kumar, said: "We are still assessing the damages an it is still to early to comment on this report." But the Seafood Exporters Association of India (SEAI) was more forthcoming. "After attending the initial massive relief and rehabilitation measures in the affected areas, the assessment reveals considerable humanitarian, social and economic damage. Specifically with reference to the fishing industry and aquaculture sector, the devastation is extensive and far surpassing the initial estimates." The FAO report said that in India, fishery and aquaculture are considered very important facets of the economy and have been seriously damaged. Though localised agricultural crop losses have been reported, they are not likely to have an impact at the national level. Tourism prospects will also not be seriously affected. Fishery and aquaculture of Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Maldives, India, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar and Somalia will be seriously affected, the report noted. The tsunami impact on aquaculture farms is equally devastating, the SEAI said. A large number of aqua farms near the coastline were inundated leaving a trail of destruction of the properties, particularly the critical Eastern embankments and seawater pumping stations. Most Indian aqua farms are small farmer-owned operations. These farms were not insured against natural calamities and therefore, the economic losses will significantly impair the ability of these farms to revive operations. The FAO added: " In Andhra Pradesh, which accounts for about 25-30 per cent of India's total seafood exports, 2,000 fishing boats were estimated lost and 400 fish tanks were damaged." The true extent of the damage is just beginning to unravel, sources in SEAI said. The fish landings from the sea would be reduced. The long-term impact on aquaculture farms can also be grave.