Timeline Of The 20th Century Part Ii 1951 To 1999

Timeline of 20th Century World History from 1951 (References and Links begin on p. 671) 1951 January 1 * Massive Chinese/North Korean assault on United Nations-lines. [1] January 3 * Fred Barlow, composer, dies at age 69. [1] January 4 * During Korean conflict, North Korean forces capture Seoul. [1] January 5 * Andrei P Platonov, Russian author (Prok, Kotlovan), dies at age 51. [1] January 7 * Johanna C H "Nelly" Bodenheim, painter (Luilekkerland), dies at age 76. [1] January 8 * Thought extinct since 1615, a Cahow is rediscovered in Bermuda. [1] January 10 * First jet passenger trip made. [1] * Athos Palma, composer, dies at age 59. [1] * Harry Sinclair Lewis, US writer (Nobel Prize 1930), dies at age 65. [1] * United Nations headquarters opens in Manhattan, New York, USA. [1] January 13 * Nine Jewish Kremlin physicians "exposed" as British/US agents; known as the Doctors' Plot. [1] * German General F Christian freed early from Dutch prison. [1] January 15 * "Cloud of Death" rolls down Mount Lamington, New Guinea, killing 3,000-5,000. [1]

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* US Supreme Court rules "clear and present danger" of incitement to riot is not protected speech and can be a cause for arrest. [1] January 16 * Viet Minh offensive against Hanoi, Vietnam. [1] * World's largest gas pipeline opens (Brownsville, Texas, to 134th Street, New York City, New York). [1] January 17 * China refuses cease-fire in Korea. [1] January 18 * First use of lie detector in Netherlands. [1] * Hermann Flake sentenced to death due to "hate campaign against German Democratic Republic". [1] * Robert Mark, US chairman (Caste World Congress), dies at age 41. [1] January 19 * Constantin Nottara, composer, dies at age 60. [1] * Wilhelm Schäfer, German writer (Mein Leben), dies at age 82. [1] January 22 * Bollingen Prize for poetry awarded to Johncrowe Ransom. [1] * Eastwood Lane, composer, dies at age 71. [1] January 23 * In Los Angeles, California, the 3rd Annual Emmy Awards are presented. o Best Actor: Alan Young o Best Actress: Gertrude Berg o Best Children's Show: Time for Beany o Best Dramatic Show: Pulitzer Prize Playhouse o Best Games and Audience Participation Show: Truth or Consequences o Best Sports Program: Los Angeles Rams Football o Best Variety Show: The Alan Young Show o Most Outstanding Personality: Groucho Marx. [1] [166] January 24 * Dutch government Drees-van Schaik resigns. [1]

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January 25 * United Nations begins counter-offensive in Korea. [1] January 27 * Peter Pan closes at Imperial Theater in New York City, New York after 320 performances. [1] January 28 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] January 29 * James Bridie [Osborne Henry Mavor], dramatist, dies. [1] January 30 * Belgium refuses to allow communists to make speeches on radio. [1] * Ferdinand Porsche, German car inventor (Porsche), dies at age 75. [1] February 1 * -50 degrees F (-46 degrees C), Gavilan, New Mexico, USA (state record). [1] * First X-ray moving picture process demonstrated. [1] * First telecast of atomic explosion - US nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * Alfred Krupp and 28 other German war criminals freed. [1] * United Nations condemns People's Republic of China as aggressor in Korea. [1] February 2 * -35 degrees F (-37 degrees C), Greenburg, Indiana, USA (state record until 1994). [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] February 3 * Victor Borge Show debuts on NBC TV. [1] February 6 * "Broker Special" train crashes in Woodbridge, New Jersey, USA, killing 84. [1] * Radio commentator Paul Harvey arrested for trying to sneak into the Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago, Illinois, to demonstrate lax in security. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1]

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February 10 * Joseph Bovet, composer, dies at age 71. [1] * Shah of Persia marries 19-year-old Soraja Esfandiara Bakhtiari. [1] February 11 * Kwame Nkrumah wins first parliamentary election in Gold Coast (Ghana). [1] February 16 * Henri Velge, first chairman (Belgian Council of State), dies at age 65. [1] * New York City passes bill prohibiting racism in city-assisted housing. [1] * San Francisco City Hall dome fire. [1] February 17 * Nikoghayos Fadeyi Tigranyan, composer, dies at age 94. [1] February 18 * Nepál becomes a constitutional monarchy. [1] * Piet A W Hopmans, bishop of Breda (Crusade), dies at age 85. [1] February 19 * André[-Paul-Guillaume] Gide, French writer (Nobel Prize 1947), dies at age 81. [1] February 20 * Howard Brockway, composer, dies at age 80. [1] February 21 * Anton Roemer, Dutch actor (Gay Death), dies at age 63. [1] February 26 * Bread rationing in Czechoslovakia. [1] February 27 * 22nd amendment to the US Constitution is ratified, limiting President to two terms in office. [1]

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February 28 * French government of Pleven dissolves. [1] * US Senate committee reports of at least two major US crime syndicates. [1] March 6 * Belgium extends conscription to 24 months. [1] * Beginning of high-profile trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg in the USA, on charges of spying for the Soviet Union. [129] * Ivor Novello, actor/writer (Lodger, Phantom Fiend), dies at age 58. [1] March 7 * Ali Razmara, Shah of Iran (1950-51), assassinated. [1] * Ivor Novello, British writer (Keep the Home Fires Burning), dies at age 58. [1] March 8 * John Winter Thompson, composer, dies at age 83. [1] * The Honeymoon Killers (Martha Beck and Raymond Fernandez) die in electric chair. [1] March 11 * Philippe of Isacker, Belgian minister, dies at age 66. [1] March 12 * Communist troops driven out of Seoul, Korea. [1] March 13 * Second Dutch government of Drees forms. [1] * Alfred Hugenberg, German Roman Catholic president-director of Krupp/media magnate, dies. [1] * Israel demands 6.2 billion Deutsche marks compensation from Germany. [1] * James I Wedgwood, British theosophist/Catholic bishop, dies at age 67. [1] March 14 * During Korean War, US/UN forces recapture Seoul. [1] * Earthquake at Euskirchen, Germany. [1] March 15

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* Persia nationalizes Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. [1] March 19 * H Zur Mühlen, writer, dies. [1] March 20 * Indonesian army offensive against Darul Islam on Java. [1] * Jan Ingenhoven, composer, dies at age 74. [1] * Kathleen Lockhart Manning, composer, dies at age 60. [1] March 22 * J Willem Mengelberg, Dutch conductor (Matthäus Passion), dies at age 79. [1] March 23 * Wages in France increase 11 percent. [1] March 25 * 5th Tony Awards: Guys and Dolls and Rose Tattoo win. [1] * E Purcell and EM Ewen detect 21-cm radiation at Harvard physics lab. [1] March 26 * US Air Force flag approved. [1] March 29 * The King and I play opens at the Saint James Theater in New York City for 1246 performances. [1] * 23rd Academy Awards: All About Eve, Jose Ferrer and Judy Holliday win. [1] * Julius and Ethel Rosenberg convicted of espionage. [1] March 31 * Ralph Forbes, actor (Riptide, Shock), dies at age 45. [1] * US tanks cross 38 degrees of latitude in Korea. [1] April 1 * Clement D'Hooghe, composer, dies at age 51. [1] April 2

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* Simon Barere, pianist, dies while perfoming at Carnegie Hall. [1] April 3 * Johannes C Kielstra, Dutch economist/Governor (Suriname 1933-44), dies at age 72. [1] April 5 * Julius and Ethel Rosenberg sentenced to death for espionage in the USA. [1] [129] April 6 * Halfdan Cleve, composer, dies at age 71. [1] April 7 * US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Enwetak. [1] April 9 * Sadiq Hidajat, Persian writer (Hadji Aga), dies. [1] * Vilhelm F K Bjerknes, Norwegian/US physicist/meteorology, dies at age 89. [1] April 11 * American President Harry Truman fires General Douglas McArthur. [1] April 12 * Harold Vincent Milligan, composer, dies at age 62. [1] * Israeli Knesset officially designates April 13 as Holocaust Day. [1] April 15 * Michael Gorsira is first person in charge of Curaçao. [1] April 16 * British submarine Affray sinks in English Channel, killing 75. [1] * Emile Erens, Dutch hagiographer (Pastor of Ars), dies at age 85. [1] April 18 * Dutch Antilles government of Da Costa Gomez forms. [1]

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* France, West Germany and Benelux form European Steel and Coal Community. [1] April 19 * In London, England, the first Miss World beauty pagent is held, part of the Festival of Britain. Winner is 21-year-old Kiki Haakonson, Miss Sweden. [7] [55.22] * US General Douglas MacArthur ends his military career. [1] April 20 * US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Enwetak Atoll. [1] April 22 * Stanley Ridges, actor (Possessed, Sergeant York, Mr Ace), dies at age 59. [1] * Ticker-tape parade for General Douglas MacArthur in New York City, New York, USA. [1] April 25 * Jerzy Fitelberg, composer, dies at age 47. [1] April 26 * John Alden Carpenter, American composer (Sea Drift), dies at age 75. [1] * Queen Juliana opens Brielsche Mausoleum. [1] April 27 * Mohammed Mossadeq chosen premier of Persia. [1] April 29 * Jules Verstraete [Julien G de Graef], actor (Boefje), dies at age 67. [1] * Ludwig J J Wittgenstein, Austria/English philosopher, dies at age 62. [1] May 1 * 600,000 march for peace and freedom in Germany. [1] * Dutch Reformed Church introduces new church choir. [1] May 5 * Eddie Dunn, comedian (Face to Face, Spin the Picture), dies at age 54. [1] May 7

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* Pulitzer prize awarded to Conrad Richter (The Town). [1] May 8 * Dacron men's suits introduced. [1] * US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Enwetak. [1] May 9 * Air raid on Chinese positions at Yalu River. [1] May 11 * Jay Forrester patents computer core memory. [1] May 12 * First hydrogen bomb test, on Enewetak Atoll. [1] * Oscar DePriest, American politician (Representative-Democrat-Illinois), dies at age 80. [1] May 13 * Marianne [Goudeket-]Philips, author (Issue Beukennoot), dies at age 65. [1] May 14 * Ernie Kovacs Show TV variety debut on NBC. [1] May 15 * AT&T becomes first corporation to have one million stockholders. [1] May 16 * El Al Israel Airlines begins the first regularly scheduled transatlantic flights between New York and London. [5] May 17 * Karl Heinrich David, composer, dies at age 66. [1] May 18 * United Nations moves headquarters to New York City. [1]

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May 19 * United Nations begins counter-offensive in Korea. [1] May 24 * Racial segregation in Washington DC restaurants ruled illegal. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Enwetak (atmospheric tests). [1] May 26 * Lincoln Ellsworth, Arctic explorer, dies at age 71. [1] May 27 * Chinese Communists force Dalai Lama to surrender his army to Beijing. [1] * Thomas Blamey, soldier, dies. [1] May 28 * Jerry Colonna Show debuts on ABC-TV. [1] May 29 * First North Pole flight in single engine plane-CF Blair. [1] * Dimitrios Levidis, composer, dies at age 66. [1] * Fanny Brice, Ziegfeld Girl (Baby Snooks Show), dies at age 59. [1] * Josef Bohuslav Foerster, composer, dies at age 91. [1] * Robert Kahn, composer, dies at age 85. [1] May 30 * Hermann Broch, writer, dies at age 64. [1] May 31 * Netherlands and South Africa sign cultural accord. [1] June 1 * First self-contained titanium plant opened Henderson, Nevada, USA. [1] * S Arend discovers asteroids #1592 Mathieu and #1593 Fagnes. [1] June 11

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* Mozambique becomes an oversea province of Portugal. [1] June 14 * First commercial computer, Reminton Rand UNIVAC 1, enters service at US Census Bureau in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. [1] [55.44] June 23 * British diplomats Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean flee to USSR. [1] * Most expensive US hailstorm (US$1.5 million crop damage and US$14 million property - Kansas). [1] June 25 * First color TV broadcast-CBS' Arthur Godfrey from New York City to four cities. [1] June 27 * M Itzigsohn discovers asteroid #1588 Descamisada. [1] June 28 * Amos 'n' Andy premieres on CBS TV. [1] June 30 * In the USA, NAACP begins attack on school segregation and discrimination. [1] July 5 * Junction transistor invention announced, Murray Hill, New Jersey, USA. [1] July 9 * Official inauguration of first Ferranti Mark I computer at Manchester University, England. [55.44] * US President Harry Truman asks US Congress to formally end state of war with Germany. [1] July 10 * Armistice talks to end Korean conflict begin at Kaesong. [1] * E L Johnson discovers asteroid #1609 Brenda. [1] July 12

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* Mob tries to keep black family from moving into all-white Cicero, Illinois. [1] July 14 * First color telecast of a sporting event (CBS-horse race). [1] * Citation becomes first horse to win $1,000,000 in races. [1] July 16 * Novel Catcher in the Rye by JD Salinger is published. [1] July 18 * Uruguay accepts its constitution. [1] July 20 * Abdullah Ibn Hussein, Jordan's King, assassinated in Jerusalem. [1] July 23 * Henri Philippe Pétain dies. [1] July 26 * Disney premieres the animated feature film Alice in Wonderland in England at London's Leicester Square Theatre. [6] July 28 * RKO Radio Pictures releases Disney's animated feature film Alice in Wonderland to theaters in the USA. [6] July 30 * E L Johnson discovers asteroid #2718. [1] August 6 * Typhoon floods kill 4,800 in Manchuria. [1] August 7 * Douglas D-558-II Skyrocket reaches 1,992 kph. [1]

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August 14 * William Randolph Hearst, newspaper publisher, dies in Beverly Hills, California, USA. [1] August 17 * Hurricane winds drive six ships ashore, Kingston, Jamaica. [1] September 1 * US, Australia and New Zealand sign ANZUS treaty. [1] September 3 * TV soap opera Search for Tomorrow debuts on CBS. [1] September 4 * The first live transcontinental television broadcast takes place in San Francisco, California, from the Japanese Peace Treaty Conference. [1] [5] * NBC extends to become a 61-station coast-to-coast network. [1] September 7 * Maria Montez, actress, dies at age 31. [1] September 8 * Japan signs the San Francisco Peace Treaty with 48 nations, regaining its independence. [1] [10] September 11 * Florence Chadwick becomes first woman to swim the English Channel from England to France. It takes 16 hours and 19 minutes. [1] September 20 * First North Pole jet crossing. [1] September 24 * Phillippus Paracelsus, physician/alchemist, dies at age 48. [1] September 29

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* S B Nicholson discovers 12th satellite of Jupiter. [1] September 30 * NBC premieres The Red Skelton Show 30-minute variety TV show. [179.825] October 1 * 24th Infantry Regiment, last American all-black military unit, deactivated. [1] October 6 * Henry Gurney, British high commissioner to Malaya, is assassinated. [1] October 15 * CBS premieres the I Love Lucy 30-minute comedy TV show. [1] [179.462] October 16 * Liaquat Ali Khan, Prime Minister of Pakistan, assassinated by Said Akbar. [1] October 19 * President Harry S Truman formally ends state of war with Germany. [1] October 24 * United Nations publishes its first postage stamps. [1] October 25 * Peace talks aimed at ending Korean War resumed in Panmunjom. [1] October 26 * Rocky Marciano defeats Joe Louis at Madison Square Garden, New York, USA. [1] November 1 * First atomic explosion witnessed by troops, New Mexico, USA. [1] * Jet magazine founded by John H Johnson. [1] November 7

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* Constitution of Jordan passes. [1] November 10 * First long distance telephone call without operator assistance. [1] November 25 * Two passenger trains collide in CTC territory at Woodstock, Alabama, USA, killing 15 passengers and two employees. [1] November 27 * First rocket to intercept an airplane, White Sands, New Mexico, USA. [1] November 29 * First underground atomic explosion, Frenchman Flat, Nevada. [1] December 1 * Felix Petyrek, composer, dies at age 59. [1] December 4 * Superheated gases roll down Mount Catarman (Philippines), killing 500. [1] December 9 * Voters approve merger of three states to form Baden-Württemberg, West Germany. [1] December 12 * Joe DiMaggio announces his retirement. [1] December 13 * Selim Palmgren, Finnish pianist/composer (Daniel Hjort), dies at age 73. [1] December 15 * Eric Drummond, first Secretary-General League of Nations (1919-33), dies at age 75. [1] December 16

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* NBC premieres the Dragnet 30-minute crime drama TV show. [1] [179.274] December 17 * Dutch Communist Party members forbidden to be civil servants. [1] December 19 * Barton Yarbrough, actor (Dragnet), dies at age 51. [1] * Nazi General Christiansen leaves Netherlands. [1] December 21 * Joe DiMaggio announces his retirement. [1] December 22 * Powell Weaver, composer, dies at age 61. [1] December 23 * Alfreds Kalnins, composer, dies at age 72. [1] * Benito Lynch, Irish/Argentine writer (Palo Verde), dies at age 66. [1] * Last Belgian communities get electricity. [1] December 24 * First televised opera (Amahl and the Night Visitor). [1] * United Kingdom of Libya gains independence from Italy via the United Nations. [1] December 25 * Harry T Moore, Florida NAACP official, killed by bomb. [1] December 30 * Jozef E Stokvis, Dutch Member of Parliament (SDAP), dies at age 76. [1] December 31 * First battery to convert radioactive energy to electrical is announced. [1] * Maxim M Litvinov [Meyer H Wallach], Russian diplomat, dies at age 75. [1] * Philipp A Kohnstamm, Dutch philosopher/physicist, dies at age 76. [1]

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1952 January 1 * Dmitri Shostakovich completes his 5th string quartet. [1] January 2 * Pal Joey opens at Broadhurst Theater in New York City, New York for 542 performances. [1] January 4 * Constantly Permeke Flemish, painter (Boerin), dies at age 65. [1] January 5 * Victor Alexander John Hope, viceroy of India (1936-43), dies at age 64. [1] January 7 * French Plevin government falls. [1] January 8 * Antonia Maury, discoverer (supergiant, giant and dwarf stars), dies. [1] * Jordan adopts constitution. [1] * Joseph Arendt, Belgian worker's union leader, dies at age 66. [1] January 9 * Belgian Pholien government resigns. [1] January 11 * Bollingen Prize for poetry awarded to Marianne Moore. [1] * Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, General (North-Africa/Indo-China), dies at age 61. [1] January 14 * The NBC TV network begins airing The Today Show two-hour information TV show in the USA, hosts with Dave Garroway and Jack Lescoulie. [1] [179.995] * Rationing of coffee in Netherlands ends. [1] * Snow storm in Sierra Nevada kills 26. [1] January 16

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* New Dutch bible translation finished. [1] January 18 * Comedic actor Curly Howard dies. [5] January 20 * Arthur Farwell, composer, dies at age 74. [1] * British army occupies Ismailiya, Suez Canal Zone. [1] January 21 * Nehru's Congress party wins general election in India. [1] January 22 * Roger Vitrac, French poet/dramatist (Mysteries of Love), dies at age 52. [1] * The first Jet airliner (the de Havilland Comet) enters service for BOAC. [5] January 24 * Fire in main building of French Port Martin Antarctic base. [1] January 25 * Sveinn Bjørnsson, Danish first President of Iceland (1944-52), dies at age 70. [1] January 26 * Louis van Deyssel; Dutch writer (Diary of Franc Rozelaar), dies at age 87. [1] January 30 * Lehmer verifies 2^521-1 and 2^607-1 (183 ciphers) Mersenne-prime numbers. [1] January 31 * Dutch Lutheran Church reunites after 1.5 centuries. [1] February 1 * General strike against French colonial management in Tunisia. [1] February 2

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* Charles De Roche, actor (Ten Commandments), dies at age 72. [1] * Johann Babtist Thaller, composer, dies at age 79. [1] February 6 * England replaces King George VI stamp series with Queen Elizabeth II. [1] * George VI, King of Britain (1936-52), dies at age 56 (succeeded by daughter, Elizabeth II). [1] [129] February 8 * RCA Victor Show Starring Dennis Day debuts on NBC TV. [1] February 9 * Norman Douglas, essayist/novelist, dies. [1] February 13 * Alfred Einstein, German/US musicologist, dies at age 71. [1] * Rocky Marciano defeats Lee Savold for his 39th straight win. [1] February 14 * Comedian Joey Adams marries gossip columnist Cindy Heller. [1] February 16 * Knut [Pedersen] Hamsun, Norwegian writer (Wanders, Nobel Prize 1920), dies. [1] February 18 * In Los Angeles, California, the 4th Annual Emmy Awards are presented, hosted by Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz. o Best Actor: Sid Caesar o Best Actress: Imogene Coca o Best Comedian or Comedienne: Red Skelton o Best Comedy Show: The Red Skelton Show o Best Dramatic Show: Robert Montgomery Presents o Best Variety Show: Your Show of Shows o Most Outstanding Personality: Bishop Fulton J. Sheen. [1] [167] February 19

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* French offensive at Hanoi. [1] * Knut Hamsun, writer, dies at age 92. [1] * Lawrence Grant, actor (Bulldog Drummond), dies at age 82. [1] February 21 * Bangladesh Martyrs Day (martyrs of Bengali Language Movement). [1] February 26 * Netherlands-Indonesian Unity conference. [1] * Prime Minister Winston Churchill announces that Britain has its own atomic bomb. [1] February 27 * Theodorus Pangalos;l Greek General/dictator 1926, dies at age 74. [1] March 1 * Egyptian government-Ali Maher Pasja resigns. [1] * Heligoland, in North Sea, returned to West Germany by Britain. [1] March 3 * Puerto Rico approves their first self-written constitution. [1] March 5 * Vladimir Vladimirovich Scherbachov, composer, dies at age 63. [1] March 8 * Antoine Pinay forms French government. [1] March 10 * Military coup by General Fulgencio Batista in Cuba. [1] March 15 * Greatest 24-hour rainfall: 187 cm at La Réunion, Indian Ocean. [1] March 18 * First plastic lens for cataract patients fitted (Philadelphia). [1]

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* Communist offensive in Korea. [1] March 20 * 24th Academy Awards: American in Paris, Humphrey Bogart and Vivian Leigh win. [1] * US Senate's final ratification of peace treaty restoring sovereignty to Japan. [1] March 21 * A J Pieters, SS-Untersturmführer, executed. [1] * Alan Freed presents Moondog Coronation Ball at old Cleveland Arena, 25,000 attend first rock and roll concert ever. [1] * Tornadoes in Arkansas, Tennessee, Missouri, Mississippi, Alabama and Kentucky cause 343 deaths. [1] * Wilhelm Albrecht, German SD-chief, executed. [1] March 22 * Dutch DC-6 crashes near Frankfurt, Germany, killing 44. [1] March 23 * Klaas Schilder, Dutch vicar/theologist/antifascist, dies at age 61. [1] March 24 * Great demonstrations against apartheid in South Africa. [1] March 27 * Failed assassination attempt of German Chancellor Adenauer. [1] March 30 * 6th Tony Awards: Fourposter and King and I win. [1] April 1 * Big Bang theory proposed in Physical Review by Alpher, Bethe and Gamow. [1] * Ferenc Molnár, Hungarian playwright (Farkas, Tester), dies at age 76. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] April 2 * Bernard F Lyot, French astronomer (chronograph, Lyot-filter), dies at age 55. [1]

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April 3 * Dutch Queen Juliana speaks to US Congress. [1] April 5 * Henri Vandeputte, Belgian writer (L'Autre Vie), dies at age 75. [1] April 8 * US President Harry Truman seizes the steel mills to prevent a strike. [1] April 9 * Popular uprising in Bolivia. [1] April 11 * Wadi' Sabra, composer, dies at age 76. [1] April 12 * Salaheddine Baccouche forms Tunisian government. [1] April 13 * [Rosalie] Julia Cuypers, Flemish actress (Adelaarsjong), dies at age 79. [1] April 15 * First B-52 bomber prototype test flight. [1] * Franklin National Bank issues first bank credit card. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] April 21 * BOAC (British Overseas Airways Corporation) begins first passenger service with jets (London-Rome route). [1] * Leslie Banks, actor (Henry V, 21 Days, Eye Witness), dies at age 61. [1] * [Richard] Stafford Cripps, English minister of plane-manufacturing, dies at age 62. [1] April 22 * First atomic explosion on network news, Nob Nevada. [1]

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April 23 * Elisabeth Schumann, singer, dies. [1] * Minus van Looi [Benjamin van der Neart], Flemish writer, dies at age 60. [1] * Oil pipeline from Kirkuk to Banias completed. [1] April 24 * Hans [Hendrik A] Kramers, physicist (quantum mechanics), dies at age 57. [1] * Jules Poncelet, Belgian minister of State, dies at age 82. [1] April 25 * German "Country" Bathe-Württemberg forms. [1] April 26 * Charles L Baars, Dutch actor (Women Tamers), dies at age 59. [1] * US minesweeper Hobson rams aircraft carrier Wasp, killing 176. [1] April 28 * Japan and the United States sign a formal peace treaty. [1] [10] April 30 * Charles Radoux-Rogier, composer, dies. [1] May 1 * US Marines take part in an atomic explosion training in Nevada. [1] * "Mr Potato Head" toy is introduced; first toy advertised on television. [1] * TWA airline introduces tourist class. [1] * William Fox [Fried], American film pioneer (Nickelodeon), dies at age 73. [1] May 2 * The world's first-ever jet airliner (the BOAC De Havilland Comet 1) makes its maiden voyage, flying from London to Johannesburg. [1] [5] May 3 * Call Me Madam closes at Imperial Theater in New York City after 644 performances. [1] * First landing by an airplane at geographic North Pole. [1]

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May 5 * Pulitzer prize awarded to Herman Wouk (The Caine Mutiny). [1] May 6 * Alberto Savinio, Italian composer (Capitano Ulisse), dies at age 60. [1] * Maria Montessori, Italian physician/educationist, dies at age 81. [1] May 8 * Mad Magazine debuts. [1] May 9 * Canada Lee, black actor (Lost Boundaries), dies in New York City, New York at age 45. [1] May 11 * Giovanni Tebaldini, composer, dies at age 87. [1] May 13 * Pandit Nehru becomes premier of India. [1] May 15 * Albert Basserman, actor (Madame Curie, Rhapsody in Blue), dies at age 84. [1] * Italo Montemezzi, composer, dies at age 76. [1] May 18 * Professor WF Libby says Stonehedge dates back to 1848 BC. [1] * Rossetter Gleason Cole, composer, dies at age 86. [1] May 21 * Dutch Queen Juliana opens Amsterdam-Rhine Canal. [1] * John Garfield, actor (Juarez, Air Force), dies at age 39. [1] May 23 * Georg Alfred Schumann, composer, dies at age 85. [1]

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May 26 * Dámaso Alonso, Spanish linguistic/poet (Hombrey Dios), dies at age 55. [1] May 27 * European Defense Community forms. [1] May 29 * Second Round Conference between Dutch Antilles and Suriname ends. [1] May 31 * Walter Schellenberg, German lawyer/headed spy (Venlo), dies. [1] June 2 * General Motors executives are formally presented with Harley Earl's proposal for a two-seater sports car. General Motors president Charles Wilson and Chevrolet general manager Thomas Keating approve completing a prototype for the 1953 Motorama. The project is code-named "Opel Sports Car". (One year later, the Corvette rolls off a production line.) [8] June 13 * A DC-3 plane takes off from Bromma airport in Sweden, to gather Russian intelligence over the Baltic Sea for the British. At about 108 miles southeast of Stockholm, a Soviet Mig 15 plane shoots it down over international waters. (The plane and eight Swedes on board are never found, and the Soviet Union denies involvement until 1991. The plane is located in June 2003.) [7] June 14 * Keel laid for first nuclear powered submarine the Nautilus. [1] June 19 * I've Got A Secret debuts on CBS with Garry Moore as host. [1] June 26 * RKO Radio Pictures releases Disney's live-action feature film The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men to theaters in the USA. [6] June 29

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* First aircraft carrier to sail around Cape Horn - Oriskany. [1] June 30 * Guiding Light soap opera moves from radio to TV. [1] July 15 * First transatlantic helicopter flight begins. [1] July 22 * Polish constitution adopted (National Day). [1] July 23 * General Neguib seizes power, monarchy overthrown in Egypt (National Day). [1] July 24 * 112 degrees F (44 degrees C), Louisville, Georgia (state record). [1] * US President Harry Truman settles 53-day steel strike. [1] July 25 * Commonwealth of Puerto Rico created (Constitution Day). [1] * Goethe Link Observatory discovers asteroid #1788 Kiess. [1] July 26 * Eva "Evita" Peron, Argentina's first lady, dies in Buenos Aires at age 33. [1] July 29 * First nonstop transpacific flight by a jet. [1] August 11 * Hussein proclaimed king of Jordan. [1] August 15 * 9 inches of rainfall creates a 20-foot wave in Lynmouth, England, killing 34. [1] August 18

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* Ralph Byrd, actor (Dick Tracy TV Show), dies at age 43. [1] August 26 * Fluoridation of San Francisco water begins. [1] September 8 * Ernest Hemingway's book The Old Man and the Sea is published. [1] September 11 * West German Chancellor Adenauer signs a reparation pact for Jews. [1] September 15 * United Nations turns over Eritrea to Ethiopia. [1] September 17 * In the USA, "I am an American Day" and "Constituion Day" renamed "Citizenship Day". [1] September 20 * CBS premieres The Jackie Gleason Show 60-minute comedy variety series. [179.485] September 23 * First closed circuit pay-TV telecast of a sports event. [1] September 24 * Underwater volcano explodes under research vessel Kaiyo-maru-5. [1] October 1 * First ultra-high frequency (UHF) television station, Portland, Oregon, USA. [1] October 2 * NBC premieres the This is Your Life 30-minute TV show. [179.981] October 3

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* First video recording on magnetic tape, Los Angeles, California. [1] October 7 * American Bandstand debuts on a local Philadelphia TV station. [5] October 8 * Two trains collide with a derailed commuter train, kills 112 (England). [1] October 23 * German former Army Commander-in-Chief Albert Kesslering is pardoned and freed from British captivity. [10] October 24 * Arab Liberation Movement becomes the only party of Syria. [1] November 1 * First hydrogen device exploded at Eniwetok Atoll in the Pacific. [1] * Fusion occurs for the first time on Earth. [1] November 3 * Clarence Birdseye markets frozen peas. [1] November 4 * Dwight Eisenhower (Republican) elected 34th US President beating Adlai Stevenson (Democrat). [1] November 9 * Chaim Weizmann, first President of Israel, dies at age 57. [1] November 21 * First US postage stamp in two colors (rotary process) introduced. [1] November 25 * Agatha Christie's murder-mystery play The Mousetrap opens at the Ambassadors Theatre in London, England. (It becomes the longest continuously running play in

28

history, with more than 10 million people to date (2008) attending its more than 20,000 performances in London's West End.) [1] [129] November 29 * US President-elect Dwight Eisenhower visits Korea to assess the war. [1] December 1 * Victor E Orlando, Italian premier (1917-19), dies at age 92. [1] December 2 * First human birth televised to public (KOA-TV Denver, Colorado, USA). [1] December 3 * First TV broadcast in Hawaii. [1] * Marcos Perez Jiménez elected President of Venezuela. [1] December 4 * Karen Horney, German/US neo freudian psycho analyst, dies at age 67. [1] * Killer fogs begin in London England; "Smog" becomes a word. Over 4000 die. [1] * Walter P Reuther chosen chairman of CIO. [1] December 6 * Czechoslovakian government tells Israeli ambassador, he's persona non grata. [1] December 8 * First TV acknowledgement of pregnancy (I Love Lucy). [1] * French troops shoot on demonstrators at Casablanca, 50 die. [1] * Isaak Ben-Zwi elected President of Israel. [1] December 10 * Yitzhak Ben-Zvi elected second President of Israel. [1] December 14 * Olav Fartein Vålen, Norwegian composer, dies at age 65. [1] * Uprising of captives in Pongam, South Korea; 82 die. [1] December 15

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* Christine Jorgenson is first person to undergo a sex-change operation. [1] * Pope Pius XII publishes encyclical Orientales Ecclesias. [1] December 19 * Queen Juliana unveals statue Docker in the Netherlands. [1] December 21 * Broadway Tunnel opens in San Francisco, California, USA. [1] December 22 * French government of Pinay resigns. [1] December 24 * Henry A "Hans" Kramers, Dutch theoretical physicist, dies at age 58. [1] December 25 * German former army commander Wilhelm List is pardoned and freed from captivity. [10] December 26 * Pietro Pancrazi, Italian critic (Pegaso), dies at age 59. [1] December 27 * Henri G Winkelman, Dutch supreme commander army/navy 1940, dies at age 76. [1] December 29 * First transistorized hearing aid offered for sale (Elmsford, New York). [1] * Beryl Rubinstein, composer, dies at age 54. [1] December 30 * Ivan Olbracht, writer, dies. [1] * Tuskegee Institute reports 1952 as first year in 71 with no lynchings in USA. [1]

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1953 January 1 * Hank Williams, country singer ("Cold Cold Heart"), dies at age 29. [1] [5] * Ludomir Rózycki, Polish composer/conductor (Casanova), dies at age 68. [1] January 4 * Arthur Hoyt, actor (Gold Rush Gertie, Lost World), dies at age 78. [1] January 5 * Passenger ships Willem Ruys and Orange collide in the Red Sea. [1] January 7 * US President Harry Truman announces development of the hydrogen bomb. [1] January 8 * Heinrich Kaspar Schmid, composer, dies at age 78. [1] * René Mayer forms French government. [1] January 9 * Hans Aanrud, Norwegian author (Storken), dies at age 89. [1] * Korean ferryboat Chang Tyong-Ho sinks off Pusan killing 249. [1] January 10 * Bollingen Prize for poetry awarded to Archibald MacLeish. [1] * Theo Mackeben, German pianist/composer (Golden Cage), dies at age 56. [1] January 11 * Ernst H Ridder Rappard, Dutch Nazi founder (NSNAP), dies at age 53. [1] * Marcel Canneel, Flemish painter, dies at age 58. [1] * Noach Zjordanija, Georgian Premier (1918-21), dies at age 84. [1] January 12 * Nine "Jewish" physicians arrested for "terrorist activities" in Moscow. [1] * Simeon Roncal, composer, dies at age 82. [1] January 13

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* Gas explosion in Belgium coal mine kills 14. [1] January 14 * Yugoslavia elects its first president (Marshal Josip Tito). [1] January 15 * Sixteen-car Federal Express train loses brakes and crashes in Washington DC station. [1] * German Democratic Republic Minister of Foreign affairs Georg Dertingen is arrested for "espionage". [1] * Viktor Patrick Vretblad, composer, dies at age 76. [1] January 16 * Egyptian Premier General Naguib disbands all political parties. [1] January 17 * The General Motors Motorama opens to the general public in New York City. The prototype Chevrolet Corvette "Dream Car" is displayed to the public for the first time. The roadster is white with red interior, fiberglass body, 235-cid straight-6 engine, and two-speed automatic. Also on display at the Motorama: Buick fiberglass-bodied twopassenger Wildcat, Oldsmobile fiberglass-bodied four-passenger convertible Starfire, Cadillac fiberglass-bodied two-passenger roadster Le Mans. [8] January 20 * First US telecast transmitted to Canada from Buffalo, New York, USA. [1] * First live coast-to-coast inauguration address (US President Dwight Eisenhower). [1] January 21 * John Foster Dulles appointed as US Secretary of State. [1] January 27 * Martinus Nijhoff, Dutch poet/interpreter/linguist, dies at age 58. [1] * Netherlands ends Marshall Plan aid. [1] January 29 * First movie in Cinemascope (The Robe) premieres. [1]

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January 30 * Louis H N Bosch van Rosenthal, Dutch resistance fighter, dies at age 68. [1] January 31 * Princess Victoria capsizes off Stanraer, Scotland; 133 die. [1] * Hurricane-like winds flood Netherlands drowning nearly 2,000. [1] February 1 * General Electric Theater premieres on CBS TV. [1] * You Are There with Walter Cronkite premieres on CBS television. [1] February 2 * Gustav Strube, composer, dies at age 85. [1] February 3 * J Fred Muggs, a chimp, becomes a regular on NBC's Today Show. [1] February 4 * Alexander Loudon, Dutch diplomat (League of Nations), dies at age 60. [1] February 5 * RKO Radio Pictures releases Disney's animated feature film Peter Pan to theaters. The film is adapted from the play by Sir James M. Barrie. [6] * In Los Angeles, California, the 5th Annual Emmy Awards are presented, hosted by Art Linkletter. o Best Actor: Thomas Mitchell o Best Actress: Helen Hayes o Best Audience Participation, Quiz or Panel Program: What's My Line? o Best Children's Program: Time for Beany o Best Comedian: Jimmy Durante o Best Comedienne: Lucille Ball o Best Dramatic Show: Robert Montgomery Presents o Best Mystery, Action or Adventure Program: Dragnet o Best Public Affairs Program: See It Now o Best Situation Comedy: I Love Lucy o Best Variety Program: Your Show of Shows o Most Outstanding Personality: Fulton J. Sheen. [1] [168]

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February 6 * US controls on wages and some consumer goods are lifted. [1] February 8 * Cliff Clark, actor (Golden Hoofs, Kid Glove Killer), dies at age 63. [1] February 9 * The Adventures of Superman TV series premieres in syndication. [1] * General Walter Bedell Smith ends his term as fourth director of the American Central Intelligence Agency. Allen W Dulles becomes acting director. [1] February 11 * US President Dwight Eisenhower refuses clemency appeal for Rosenberg couple. [1] * Russia breaks diplomatic relations with Israel. [1] February 12 * USSR breaks relations with Israel. [1] February 18 * Premiere of first 3-D feature film - Bwana Devil (New York City, New York). [1] February 19 * Georgia state approves first American literature censorship board. [1] * Ted Williams safely crash-lands his damaged Panther jet. [1] February 24 * [Karl R] Gerd von Rundstedt, General-field marshal (Normandy, Ardennes), dies at age 77. [1] February 25 * Wonderful Town opens at Winter Garden Theater in New York City for 559 performances. [1] * Jesus Garcia Leoz, composer, dies at age 49. [1] February 26

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* Allen W Dulles, promoted from deputy to 5th director of US Central Intelligence Agency. [1] * Elisabeth "Ilse" Kuyper, Dutch/US (opera)composer, dies. [1] * Martinus Nijhoff, Dutch poet/linguist (spelling), dies at age 58. [1] February 28 * British physicist Francis Crick and American James Watson discover structure of molecule deoxyribonucleic acid: DNA. [1] [226] * Josef Stalin meets with Beria, Bulganin, Nikita Khrushchev and Malenkov. [1] March 1 * Anton GO Ridder Van Rappard, painter/lithographer/etcher, dies. [1] March 3 * Canadian Comet plane crashes at Karachi, 11 killed. [1] March 4 * Sergei S Prokoviev, Russian composer (Peter and the Wolf), dies at age 61. [1] March 5 * Josef V Stalin, Soviet leader responsible for 11 million murders, dies at age 73. [1] [226.49] * Sergey Sergeyevich Prokofiev, composer, dies at age 61. [1] March 6 * Malenkov becomes chairman of the USSR. [1] March 8 * US Census indicates 239,000 farmers gave up farming in last two years. [1] March 9 * Josef Stalin buried in Moscow. [1] March 10 * Charles Gordon Curtis, inventor of Curtis-steam turbine, dies at age 92. [1] March 11

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* An American B-47 accidentally drops a nuclear bomb on South Carolina, the bomb doesn't go off due to six safety catches. [1] March 14 * Klement Gottwald, premier/President of Czechoslovakia, dies at age 56. [1] * Nikita Khrushchev succeeds Malenkov as Secretary of Soviet Communist Party. [1] March 17 * Bill Veeck says he will sell his 80 percent of Saint Louis Browns for US$2.475 million. [1] * Conrado del Campo y Zabaleta, composer, dies at age 73. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] March 18 * Earthquake strikes West Turkey, 250 die. [1] March 19 * 25th Academy Awards: Greatest Show on Earth, Gary Cooper and Shirley Booth win (first time televised). [1] March 20 * Graciliano Ramos, Brazilian author (Vidas Secas), dies at age 60. [1] March 22 * Antonín Zápotocky chosen as president of Czechoslovakia. [1] * James Anderson II, actor (Jo - Northern Exposure), dies. [1] March 24 * Felix M Abel, French dominican/biblical scholar, dies at age 74. [1] * Mary [Victoria of Teck], queen of Great Britain/North-Ireland, dies at age 86. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] March 26 * Albert Spalding, composer, dies at age 64. [1] * Dr Jonas Salk announces new vaccine to prevent polio [myelitis]. [1] March 27

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* 21 die in a train crash in Conneaut, Ohio, USA. [1] * Narciso Garay, composer, dies at age 76. [1] March 28 * 7th Tony Awards: Crucible and Wonderful Town win. [1] March 30 * Albert Einstein announces revised unified field theory. [1] * Roderich Mojsisovics-Mojsvar, composer, dies at age 75. [1] March 31 * US Department of Health, Education and Welfare established. [1] * United Nations Security Council nominates Dag Hammarskjöld Secretary-General. [1] [7] April 1 * J van Bale appointed Governor of New Guinea. [1] April 2 * Jean Epstein, French director (Vive la Vie), dies at age 56. [1] * Raab forms his first government in Austria. [1] April 4 * Carol II, King of Romania (1930-40), dies at age 59. [1] * Rachilde [Marguerite Vallette-Eymery], French author, dies at age 93. [1] April 7 * First west-to-east jet transatlantic nonstop flight. [1] * Dag Hammarskjöld of Sweden elected second United Nations Secretary-General. [1] April 9 * TV Guide publishes first issue. [1] * Jomo Kenyatta sentenced to 7 years in Kenya. [1] April 10 * House of Wax, first 3-D movie, is released (New York City, New York). [1]

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April 14 * Emmanuel K de Bom, Flemish writer (Scheldelucht), dies at age 84. [1] * Viet-Minh offensive in Laos. [1] April 15 * Malans National Party wins South African elections. [1] April 16 * British royal yacht Britannica taken out of service. [1] April 18 * Pal Joey closes at Broadhurst Theater in New York City after 542 performances. [1] April 20 * Erich Weinert, writer, dies at age 62. [1] April 22 * Top Naeff [Anthonetta van Rhijn-N], Dutch writer, dies at age 75. [1] April 23 * General Charles P Cabell, USAF, becomes deputy director of US Central Intelligence Agency. [1] April 24 * Winston Churchill knighted by Queen Elizabeth II. [1] April 25 * Francis Crick and James D. Watson publish an article describing the double helix structure of DNA. [1] [5] April 27 * First general elections in British Guyana, won by Jagans PPP. [1] April 29

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* Moïse Kisling, Polish/French painter (La souris boiteuse), dies at age 62. [1] May 1 * Zora Arkus-Duntov starts work at Chevrolet in the USA as assistant staff engineer to Maurice Olley in Research and Development. [8] May 2 * Feisal II installed as king of Iraq. [1] * Hussein I installed as king of Jordan. [1] May 3 * Westchester conference of American Library Association proclaims "Freedom to Read". [1] May 4 * Edward B B Shanks, British poet/critic, dies at age 60. [1] * Pulitzer prize awarded to Ernest Hemingway (Old Man and The Sea). [1] * Thomas Tertius Noble, composer, dies at age 85. [1] May 5 * City of Chemnitz, East Germany, changed to Karl-Marx-Stadt in honor of the 135th birthday of Karl Marx. [37] May 6 * German former army commander Erich von Manstein is freed from captivity. [10] May 7 * Can Can opens at Shubert Theater in New York City for 892 performances. [1] * Record 537-kg swordfish is caught by L E Marron, in Chile. [1] May 11 * Tornado kills 114 in Waco, Texas, USA (US$39 million damage). [1] * Winston Churchill criticizes John Foster Dulles' domino theory. [1] May 14 * Yasuo Kuniyoshi, Japanese/American painter/etcher, dies at age 59. [1]

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May 15 * Osip Zadkines monument to "The destroyed city" unveiled in Rotterdam, Netherlands. [1] May 17 * Eric De Lamarter, composer, dies at age 73. [1] May 19 * Damasco Berenguer y Fuste, Spanish general/minister of War, dies at age 79. [1] * Nuclear explosion in Nevada (fall-out in Saint George, Utah). [1] May 21 * French Government of Mayer resigns. [1] May 22 * US President Dwight Eisenhower signs Offshore Oil Bill. [1] * Vaclav Klicka, composer, dies at age 70. [1] May 23 * Schools first use Cliff's Notes. [1] May 24 * Cor Hermus, actor (Bleeke Bet, William of Orange, Jantes), dies at age 63. [1] * Pope Pius XII publishes encyclical Doctor Mellifluus. [1] May 25 * At the Nevada Test Site, the U.S. conducts its first and only nuclear artillery test. [1] [5] * First non-commercial educational television station-Houston, Texas, USA. [1] May 26 * Dutch Convair crashes at Schipholweg, two die. [1] May 28 * Premiere of first animated 3-D cartoon in Technicolor: Melody. [1]

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May 29 * Edmund P Hillary of New Zealand and Nepalese Sherpa Tensing Norkay are first to reach summit of Mount Everest in Nepal, the highest mountain on earth. [1] [35] [107.43] [129] May 30 * The Auckland Harbour Bridge officially opens in Auckland, New Zealand. [5] * George Barnes, cinematographer, dies at age 60. [1] May 31 * Lebanese President Camille Shamun disbands government. [1] June 2 * Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in Westminster Abbey, England. [1] * In London, England, the news of Edmund Hillary reaching the peak of Mount Everest is first reported. [107.43] June 5 * Denmark adopts a new constitution. [1] June 6 * J Churms discovers asteroid #2025. [1] June 7 * First color network telecast in compatible color, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [1] June 8 * Cluster of six tornadoes touch down in Flint, Michigan, USA killing 113. [1] June 9 * Tornado strikes Worcester, Massachusetts, USA, destroying Assumption College, killing 100. [1] June 17 * Riots in East Germany for reunification. [1]

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June 18 * Egypt proclaimed a republic, General Neguib becomes president. [1] * USAF C124 Globemaster crashes near Tokyo, Japan, killing 129 servicemen. [1] June 19 * Albert W Dent is elected president of National Health Council. [1] * Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, who were convicted of conspiring to pass U.S. atomic secrets to the Soviets, are executed by electric chair at Sing Sing Prison in Ossining, New York. [1] [129] June 25 * First passenger plane to fly commercially around the world in under 100 hours. [1] * Anchorage, Alaska, reaches a record high temperatire: 86 degrees F. [1] [32.22] June 30 * The first production Corvette rolls off the assembly line at Chevrolet Plant Number 35, near Flint, Michigan, USA. The Corvette is the first dream-car to become a production model, and first series-production car with a fiberglass body. [8] July 6 * J Churms discovers asteroid #1701 Okavango. [1] July 9 * First helicopter passenger service (New York City). [1] July 13 * J A Bruwer discovers asteroids #1658 Innes and #3284. [1] July 14 * First American national monument dedicated to a Negro-George Washington Carver. [1] July 22 * Cy Kendall, actor (Mysteries of Chinatown), dies at age 55. [1] July 23

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* Former German General Nickolaus von Falkenhorst is freed from British captivity. He was condemned to death in 1946 for his part in the execution of captured British commandos. [10] * RKO Radio Pictures releases Disney's live-action feature film The Sword and the Rose to theaters in the USA. The film is based on the book When Knighthood Was in Flower by Charles Major. [6] July 25 * New York City transit fare rises from 10 cents to 15 cents, first use of subway tokens. [1] July 26 * Fidel Castro leads attack on Moncada Barracks, begins Cuban revolution. [1] July 27 * Armistice signed ending Korean War. During the fighting, 54,000 American soldiers were killed. [1] [35] July 31 * Robert Taft (Senator-Republican-Ohio) (Mr Republican), dies in New York at age 63. [1] August 1 * California introduces sales tax (for education). [1] * Northern Rhodesia becomes part of Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. [1] August 5 * Operation "Big Switch": Korean War prisoners exchanged at Panmunjom. [1] August 7 * Eastern Airlines enters the jet age, uses Electra prop-jet. [1] August 8 * US and South Korea initial a mutual security pact. [1] August 12

43

* Ann Davidson, first woman to sail solo across Atlantic, arrives at Miami, Florida, USA. [1] * The Soviet atomic bomb project proceeds with the detonation of Joe 4, the first Soviet thermonuclear weapon. [1] [5] August 13 * US President Dwight Eisenhower establishes Government Contract Compliance Committee. [1] August 20 * Russia publicly acknowledges hydrogen bomb test detonation. [1] August 21 * Marion Carl in Douglas Skyrocket reaches record 25,370m. [1] August 28 * Nippon Television broadcasts Japan's first television show, including its first TV advertisement. [5] August 29 * USSR explodes its first hydrogen bomb. [1] September 5 * First privately operated atomic reactor-Raleigh, North Carolina, USA. [1] September 10 * Swanson sells its first "TV dinner". [1] September 12 * Jacqueline Bouvier marries John F Kennedy. [1] * Lewis Stone, actor (Prisoner of Zenda), dies at age 73 of a heart attack. [1] * Nikita Khrushchev becomes first Secretary of USSR Communist Party. [1] September 17 * First successful separation of Siamese twins. [1] September 21

44

* Allied forces form West Germany. [1] September 27 * Typhoon destroys 1/3 of Nagoya, Japan. [1] September 28 * Edwin P Hubble, astronomer, designer of telescopes, dies at age 63. [1] * At the General Motors Proving Grounds near Milford, Chevrolet officially unveils the Corvette to automotive press journalists. The Corvette features Powerglide two-speed automatic transmission, Polo White exterior paint, Sportsman Red interior, black canvas top, in-line six-cylinder engine, AM radio, and heater. The engine features overhead valves, cast-iron block, 235.5 cubic inch displacement, 150 horsepower, and three onebarrel carburetors. [8] * In New York, Roy Disney meets with ABC-TV's Leonard Goldenson, to seek financing for Disneyland Park. Goldenson eagerly agrees to participate. The final agreement includes a US$500,000 investment from ABC-Paramount, guarantee for US$4.5 million line of credit, in return for 35 percent interest in Disneyland Park, and a weekly one-hour TV program with Disney films and production for TV. [6] September 29 * Milton Berle Show premieres. [1] October 1 * Indian state of Andhra Pradesh partitioned from Madras. [1] October 5 * Earl Warren sworn in as 14th chief justice of the USA. [1] October 13 * Burglar alarm-ultrasonic or radio waves-patented by Samuel Bagno. [1] October 14 * US President Dwight Eisenhower promises to fire as Red any federal worker taking 5th amendment. [1] October 19 * First jet transcontinental nonstop scheduled service. [1]

45

* Singer Julius LaRosa is fired on TV by Arthur Godfrey. [1] October 22 * Laos gains full independence from France. [1] October 30 * Dr Albert Schweitzer and General George C Marshall win Nobel Peace Prize. [1] November 3 * First live color coast-to-coast telecast (New York City). [1] November 9 * Abdul-Aziz ibn Sa'ud, founder of Saudi Arabia, dies (born about 1880). [1] * Cambodia gains independence within French Union. [1] * Dylan Thomas, author-poet, dies in New York at age 39. [1] [5] November 20 * Scott Crossfield in Douglas Skyrocket, first to break Mach 2 (1300 MPH). [1] November 21 * Authorities at the British Natural History Museum announce that the "Piltdown Man" skull, discovered in 1912, and held to be one of the most famous fossil skulls in the world, was a hoax. [1] [5] November 27 * Eugene O'Neill, playwright, dies in Boston at age 65. [1] [5] December 2 * Francis Picabia, French painter/illustrator, dies at age 75. [1] December 3 * Kismet opens at Ziegfeld Theater in New York City for 583 performances. [1] * US President Dwight Eisenhower criticizes McCarthy for saying communists are in Republican party. [1] December 4

46

* Daniel Gregory Mason, composer, dies at age 80. [1] December 6 * Konstanty I Galczynski, Polish poet (Zielona Ges), dies at age 48. [1] December 7 * Israel's Prime Minister Ben-Gureon retires. [1] December 9 * General Electric announces all Communist employees will be fired. [1] December 10 * "John Murray Anderson's Almanac" opens at Imperial theater in New York City for 229 performances. [1] December 12 * Chuck Yeager reaches Mach 2.43 in Bell X-1A rocket plane. [1] December 15 * Kishio Hirao, composer, dies at age 46. [1] December 16 * First White House Press Conference (President Dwight Eisenhower and 161 reporters). [1] * Charles E Yeager flies over 2,575 kph (1,650 mph) in Bell X-1A (first man to fly at nearly two and one-half times the speed of sound). [1] December 17 * Dmitri Shostakovich's 10th Symphony premieres in Leningrad. [1] * US Federal Communications Commission approves RCA's black and whitecompatible color TV specifications. [1] December 19 * Robert A Millikan, American physicist (Nobel Prize 1923), dies at age 85. [1] [5] * Rudolf Leonhard, writer, dies. [1] December 23

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* Lavrenti P Beria, soviet minister of internal security, executed. [1] December 24 * Two fast express trains crash head-on, killing 103 (Czechoslovakia). [1] * René Coty elected President of France. [1] * Wellington-Auckland (New Zealand) express train swept away in flood kills 166. [1] December 25 * Avalanche of lava kills 150 (Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand). [1] * The United States returns control of the Amami Islands, north of Okinawa, to Japan. [10] December 31 * Albert Plesman, Dutch aviation pioneer/founder (KLM), dies at age 64. [1]

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1954 January 1 * Yugoslav parliament chairman and Vice President Milovan Djilas criticizes communism. [1] January 4 * Elvis Presley records a 10-minute demo in Nashville. [1] * TV soap opera The Brighter Day premieres. [1] January 8 * Elvis Presley pays US$4 to a Memphis studio and records his first two songs, "Casual Love" and "I'll Never Stand in Your Way". [1] January 9 * -87 degrees F (-66 degrees C), Northice Station, Greenland (Greenland record). [1] * Bollingen Prize for poetry awarded to Louise Bogan and Leonie Adams. [1] January 10 * Bollingen Prize for poetry awarded to W H Auden. [1] * Fred Raymond, composer, dies at age 53. [1] January 11 * Two-ton locomotive swept into ravine by avalanche - 10 die (Austria). [1] * Edgar Tytgat, Flemish painter/etcher/drawer, dies at age 77. [1] * Emmy Arbous, Dutch actress/cabaret performer (Boefje), dies at age 56. [1] * Death of Oscar Straus in Vienna, Austria; composer, Der tapfere Soldat (1908), Ein Walzertraum (1907) Rund um die Liebe (1914). [1] [37] January 12 * Austria's worst avalanche-kills 200; nine hours later second one-kills 115. [1] * Queen Elizabeth II opens New Zealand parliament. [1] January 13 * Military rule in Egypt; 318 Mohammedan Brotherhood arrested. [1] * Roland Diggle, composer, dies at age 69. [1] January 14

49

* Marilyn Monroe marries New York Yankees' baseball star Joe DiMaggio. [1] January 16 * South Pacific closes at Majestic Theater in New York City, New York after 1928 performances. [1] * Michail M Prishvin, Russian writer, dies. [1] January 17 * Jacques Cousteau's first network telecast airs on Omnibus (CBS). [1] January 18 * Fanfani forms Italian government. [1] January 19 * Sydney Greenstreet, actor (Conflict, Maltese Falcon), dies at age 74. [1] January 20 * -70 degrees F (-57 degrees C), Rogers Pass, Montana (state 48 record). [1] * The General Motors' Motorama show goes on display at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York City. Chevrolet shows the Corvette Nomad prototype, with Corvette front and station wagon back. Chevrolet also shows a cherry red Corvair prototype, a two-seat fastback coupe with a Corvette front end. The name is a combination of "Corvette" and "Bel Air". Oldsmobile shows the F-88 two-seater convertible with fiberglass body. Pontiac shows the Bonneville Special, a two-seater with fiberglass body, straight 8cylinder engine, mostly clear roof, similar headlights to Corvette. (The Corvair idea is dropped, and the style is not related to the later production Corvair. The Nomad becomes a production car, but with styling that departs from the Corvette. The Oldsmobile F-88 is not put into production due to poor sales of the Corvette. In 2005, the Oldsmobile F-88 is sold at auction for US$3 million. In 2006, the Pontiac Bonneville is sold at auction for US$2.6 million.) [8] January 21 * First atomic submarine, USS Nautilus, launched on Thames River, christened by First Lady Mamie Eisenhower. [1] * First gas turbine automobile exhibited (New York City, New York). [1] January 23 * Harry van Thorn chosen chairman of Dutch KVP. [1]

50

January 26 * Carl J Eldh, Swedish sculptor, dies at age 80. [1] January 27 * Paul-Marie Masson, composer, dies at age 71. [1] January 30 * Belgium ends trade agreement with USSR. [1] * Italy's Fanfani government resigns. [1] January 31 * Edwin H Armstrong, US radio inventor (FM), commits suicide at age 63. [1] * Florence Bates, actress (Kismet, I Remember Mama), dies at age 65. [1] February 1 * First TV soap opera, Secret Storm premieres. [1] * Julius P Hoste, Belgian minister/newspaper publisher, dies at age 69. [1] February 2 * US President Dwight Eisenhower reports detonation of first Hydrogen bomb (done in 1952). [1] * Theodor Rogalski, composer, dies at age 52. [1] February 4 * RKO Radio Pictures releases Disney's live-action feature film Rob Roy, The Highland Rogue to theaters in the US. [6] * Vaclav Vackar, composer, dies at age 72. [1] February 5 * Vittorio Gnecchi, composer, dies at age 77. [1] February 7 * Jan Adam Maklakiewicz, composer, dies at age 54. [1] February 8

51

* Mabel Paige, actress (Lucky Jordan), dies at age 73. [1] February 9 * Mario Scelba forms new government in Italy. [1] February 10 * US President Dwight Eisenhower warns against US intervention in Vietnam. [1] February 11 * In Los Angeles, California, the 6th Annual Emmy Awards are presented, hosted by Ed Sullivan. o Best Audience Participation, Quiz or Panel Program: This Is Your Life and What's My Line? o Best Children's Program: Kukla, Fran, and Ollie o Best Dramatic Program: The United States Steel Hour o Best Female Star of a Regular Series: Eve Arden for Our Miss Brooks o Best Male Star of a Regular Series: Donald O'Connor for The Colgate Comedy Hour o Best Mystery, Action, or Adventure Program: Dragnet o Best New Program: Make Room for Daddy and The United States Steel Hour o Best Program of News or Sports: See It Now o Best Public Affairs Program: Victory at Sea o Best Series Supporting Actor: Art Carney for The Jackie Gleason Show o Best Series Supporting Actress: Vivian Vance for I Love Lucy o Best Situation Comedy: I Love Lucy o Best Variety Program: Omnibus o Most Outstanding Personality: Edward R. Murrow. [1] [169] February 12 * Dziga Vertov [Kaufman], Russian director (Three Songs of Lenin), dies at age 58. [1] February 14 * Senator John Kennedy appears on Meet the Press. [1] February 15 * First bevatron in operation-Berkeley, California, USA. [1] * Birth of Matt Groening; cartoonist (Life in Hell, The Simpsons). [1] [5] February 17

52

* Evert Gorter, children's artist (Kindergeneeskunde), dies at age 72. [1] * The Detroit Auto Show opens for press previews, in Michigan. The Ford Motor Company shows its new two-seat convertible, calling it a "personal car", with the name "Fairlane". (Two days later, the official name Thunderbird will be announced. Ford's entry in the sports car market becomes a major part of General Motors' decision to continue production of the Corvette.) [8] February 20 * General Zahedi wins election in Persia. [1] February 23 * First mass inoculation with Salk vaccine (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). [1] * Syrian army drives out President Adib el-Shishakli. [1] February 25 * Abdul Nasser appointed Egyptian premier. [1] February 26 * First typesetting machine (photo engraving) used, Quincy, Massachusetts, USA. [1] * Michigan Representative Ruth Thompson (Republican) introduces legislation to ban mailing "obscene, lewd, lascivious or filthy" phonograph (rock and roll) records. [1] * William R Inge, English theologist/philosopher, dies at age 93. [1] February 28 * US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Bikini Island. [1] March 1 * Four Puerto Ricans open fire in US House of Representatives injuring five Representatives. [1] * Rebellion during visit of President Naguib in Khartoum, Sudan, 30 die. [1] * US explodes 15 megaton hydrogen bomb at Bikini Atoll. [1] March 4 * Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, announces the first successful kidney transplant. [5] * Georg Gohler, composer, dies at age 79. [1] * Noel Gay [Richard Moxon Armitage], composer, dies at age 55. [1]

53

March 5 * Julian Lowell Coolidge, mathematician (Study-Segre school), dies at age 80. [1] March 6 * Jan Kalf, Dutch literature/art historian, dies at age 80. [1] * Louis Zimmermann, violinist, dies at age 80. [1] March 9 * First local color TV commercial WNBT-TV (WNBC-TV) New York City, New York (Castro Decorators). [1] * Edward R Murrow criticizes Senator Joseph McCarthy (CBS TV show See it Now). [1] March 11 * US Army charges Senator Joseph McCarthy used undue pressure tactics. [1] March 13 * Viet Minh General Giap opens assault on That Bien Phu. [1] March 14 * Ludomir Michal Rogowski, composer, dies at age 72. [1] March 15 * CBS Morning Show premieres with Walter Cronkite and Jack Paar. [1] * Arthur Fickenscher, composer, dies at age 82. [1] March 17 * Victor Rousseau, Belgian sculptor, dies at age 88. [1] March 19 * First rocket-driven sled on rails is tested in Alamogordo, New Mexico, USA. [1] * Walter Braunfels, composer, dies at age 71. [1] March 20 * The King and I closes at Saint James Theater in New York City after 1246 performances. [1]

54

* First newspaper vending machine used (Columbia, Pennsylvania). [1] March 21 * Harry Lawrence Freeman, composer, dies at age 84. [1] March 22 * First shopping mall opened in Southfield, Michigan, USA. [1] March 25 * 26th Academy Awards: From Here to Eternity, William Holden and Audrey Hepburn win. [1] * Gertrud Bäumer, writer, dies. [1] * Pope Pius XII encyclical Sacra virginitas (On consecrated virginity). [1] * RCA manufactures first color TV set (12.5-inch screen at US$1,000). [1] March 26 * US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Bikini Island. [1] March 28 * 8th Tony Awards: Teahouse of the August Moon and Kismet win. [1] * Francis B Young, British physician/writer (In South Africa), dies at age 69. [1] March 31 * US Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado, is established. [1] * USSR offers to join NATO. [1] April 1 * First Dutch motorway, Amsterdam-Utrecht, opens. [1] * First army helicopter battalion is formed, Fort Bragg, North Carolina, USA. [1] * Earthquake/tsunami ravages Aleutians, 200 killed. [1] April 2 * Disney and ABC hold a joint press conference, announcing their agreement for the Disney TV show (Disneyland). [6] April 5 * Claude Delvincourt, composer, dies at age 66. [1]

55

* Elvis Presley records his debut single, "That's All Right". [1] April 6 * TV Dinner is first put on sale by Swanson and Sons. [1] * US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Bikini Island. [1] April 7 * Federal Republic of Germany government refuses to recognize German Democratic Republic. [1] * US President Dwight Eisenhower fears "domino-effect" in Indo-China. [1] April 9 * Philip Greeley Clapp, composer, dies at age 65. [1] April 10 * Auguste Lumière, French photograph/movie pioneer, dies at age 81. [1] * Ludwig Curtius, German archaeologist (Die antike Kunst), dies at age 79. [1] April 12 * Belgian Van Houtte government resigns. [1] * Pim [Willem JH] Mulier, Dutch journalist/sports-organizer, dies at age 89. [1] April 13 * American physicist Robert Oppenheimer accused of being a communist. [1] April 14 * Soviet diplomat Vladimir Petrov asks for political asylum in Canberra, Australia. [1] April 15 * Juan Vicente Lecuna, composer, dies at age 54. [1] April 18 * Colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser seizes power and becomes Prime Minister of Egypt. [1] April 19 * Joe Laurie Jr, comedian (Can You Top This?), dies at age 61. [1]

56

April 21 * Gregori Malenkov becomes premier of USSR. [1] * USAF flies French battalion to Vietnam. [1] * In the Foley Square U.S. Courthouse in New York, a congressional subcommittee begins a three-day televised investigation of the causes of juvenile delinquency. The comic-book industry is vilified, leading to laws in several states restricting comic sales, and industry self-censorship. [132.124] April 22 * Achiel van Acker forms Belgian government. [1] * US Senate Army-McCarthy televised hearings began. [1] * USSR joins UNESCO. [1] April 24 * First American, civilian pilot, P R Holden, wounded in Indochina. [1] * Australia and USSR break diplomatic relations. [1] April 25 * Bell labs announces first solar battery (New York City, New York). [1] * British raid Nairobi, Kenya (25,000 Mau Mau suspects are arrested). [1] * Joseph Hergesheimer, novelist (Java Head), dies. [1] * US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Bikini Island. [1] April 26 * Far Eastern Affairs conference opens in Geneva, Switzerland. [1] * Polio vaccine trials begin at the Franklin Sherman Elementary School in McLean, Virginia. [1] [129] April 29 * Ernst Heldring, Dutch merchant/ship owner/financier, dies at age 82. [1] 1954 May 1 * Bishops publish Mandement (member socialist organization forbidden). [1] * HSA-UWC Established (Unification Church) (The Moonies). [1] * Tom Tyler, actor (Lost Ranch, Coyote Trails), dies at age 50. [1]

57

May 2 * Pauline de Cock-Manifarges, singer, dies at age 82. [1] May 3 * Pulitzer prize awarded to Charles A Lindbergh and John Patrick. [1] May 4 * US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Bikini Island. [1] May 5 * Military coup by General Alfredo Stroessner in Paraguay. [1] May 6 * Roger Bannister becomes the first person to run the mile in under four minutes (3:59:04). [1] [5] May 7 * French surrender to Vietminh after 55-day siege at Dien Bien Phu. [1] * US, Great Britain, and France reject Russian membership in NATO. [1] May 13 * Pajama Game opens at Saint James Theater in New York City for 1063 performances. [1] * Labour Party wins British municipal elections. [1] * US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Enwetak. [1] May 14 * Belgium shortens military conscription from 20 to 18 months. [1] May 16 * Clemens Krauss, Austrian conductor (Vienna State Opera), dies at age 61. [1] * Ted Williams gets eight hits in first game (designated hitter) since breaking collarbone. [1] * Werner Bischof, Swiss photographer, dies accidentally at age 38. [1] May 17

58

* U.S. Supreme Court rules unanimously in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, that racial segregation in public educational facilities is unconstitutional. [1] [129] May 18 * European Convention on Human Rights goes into effect. [1] May 19 * Aart A van Schelven, church historian (Willem of Orange), dies at age 73. [1] * Charles Edward Ives, American composer (Unanswered Question), dies at age 79. [1] * Postmaster General Summerfield approves US Central Intelligence Agency mailopening project. [1] May 20 * Chiang Kai-shek becomes president of Nationalist China. [1] May 21 * American amendment to give 18-year-olds right to vote is defeated. [1] * Janos Hammerschlag, composer, dies at age 68. [1] May 24 * First rocket attains 150 mile (241 km) altitude, White Sands, New Mexico, USA. [1] * German airline Lufthansa forms. [1] * IBM announces vacuum tube "electronic" brain that could perform 10 million operations an hour. [1] May 26 * Franz Pfemfert, writer, dies at age 74. [1] May 27 * Herzmanovsky-Orlando, writer, dies. [1] May 28 * Achille Longo, composer, dies at age 54. [1] May 29 * Pope Pius X issues holy declaration. [1]

59

May 30 * Ahmad Amin, Egyptian historian/author, dies at age 67. [1] * Dutch bishops forbid membership to non-catholic sporting clubs. [1] June 4 * Arthur Murray flies X-1A rocket plane to record 27,000m. [1] * Harold Hoffman (Governor-New Jersey), dies at age 58. [1] June 7 * First microbiology laboratory dedicated (New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA). [1] June 9 * Joseph Welch asks US Senator Joseph McCarthy "Have you no sense of decency". [1] June 14 * US President Dwight Eisenhower signs order adding words "under God" to the Pledge. [1] June 22 * US Congress passes revised organic act for Virgin Islands. [1] * Don Hollenbeck, newscaster (CBS Weekend News), dies at age 49. [1] June 23 * 122 degrees F (50 degrees C), Overton, Nevada (state record). [1] June 27 * First atomic power station, at Obinsk (55 miles from Moscow), begins producing up to 5000 kilowatts of electricity for industrial and agriculture use. [1] [5] [55.20] * US Central Intelligence Agency-sponsored rebels overthrow elected government of Guatemala. [1] June 28 * Red deer dies in Milwaukee Zoo at age 26; oldest known deer. [1] June 29

60

* Atomic Energy Commission voted against, reinstating Dr J Robert Oppenheimer. [1] July 7 * T.A.N.U. party founded in Tanzania. [1] July 11 * First White Citizens Council organizes in Indianola, Mississippi. [1] July 14 * 117 degrees F (47 degrees C), East St. Louis, Illinois (state record). [1] * 118 degrees F (48 degrees C), Warsaw and Union, Missouri (state record). [1] July 15 * First commercial jet transport plane built in US tested (Boeing 707). [1] July 17 * Construction begins on Disneyland in Anaheim, California. [1] July 20 * Blair Moody (Senator-Michigan), dies at age 52. [1] July 21 * At Geneva, Switzerland, France agrees to independence of North and South Vietnam. [1] July 24 * Mary Church Terrell, educator/civil rights leader, dies at age 90. [1] July 27 * Armistice divides Vietnam into two countries. [1] August 3 * First VTOL (Vertical Take-off and Land) aircraft is flown. [1] * Colette France, novelist (Claudine), dies at age 81. [1]

61

August 11 * Formal peace takes place, ending 7+ years of fighting in Indochina between French and Communist Vietminh. [1] August 16 * Sports Illustrated publishes its first issue. [1] August 19 * Ralph J Bunche is named undersecretary of United Nations. [1] August 24 * In the USA, the Communist Control Act is passed, at height of McCarthyism. [1] * International Amateur Athletic Federation recognizes Red China. [1] August 31 * Census Bureau established. [1] * Hurricane Carol (first major named storm) hits New England, 70 die. [1] September 2 * Hurricane Edna batters northeast US, killing 20. [1] September 3 * Pope Pius X canonized a saint. [1] September 4 * First passage of McClure Strait, fabled Northwest Passage completed. [1] September 8 * South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) formed to stop communist spread in South East Asia. [1] September 9 * Ford begins production of the Thunderbird sports car. [8] September 10

62

* Twelve-second earthquake kills 1,460 in Orleansville, Algeria. [1] September 11 * First Miss America TV broadcast. [1] September 14 * Hurricane Edna (second of 1954) hits New York City, causing US$50 million damage. [1] September 20 * First FORTRAN computer program run. [1] * First National People's Congress adopts Chinese constitution. [1] September 24 * The Tonight Show premieres on NBC. [1] September 26 * Typhoon strikes Kakodate Bay, Japan, killing over 1,600. [1] September 27 * School integration begins in Washington DC and Baltimore, Maryland, public schools. [1] September 28 * Bert Lytell, actor (Henry - One Man's Family), dies at age 69. [1] September 30 * The U.S. Navy submarine USS Nautilus is commissioned as the world's first nuclear reactor powered vessel. [1] [5] October 1 * British colony of Nigeria becomes a federation. [1] October 2 * Former French possession of Chandernagore made part of West Bengal. [1]

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October 3 * CBS premieres the Father Knows Best 30-minute comedy TV show. [1] [179.316] October 5 * Hurricane Hazel hits Eastern US. [1] October 18 * Hurricane Hazel (third of 1954) becomes most severe to hit US. [1] October 19 * Herbert Tichy, Joseph Jöchler and Sherpa Pasang Dawa Lama make the first ascent of Cho Oyu, the world's 6th highest mountain. [5] October 22 * West Germany joins North Atlantic Treaty Organization. [1] * Ford Thunderbird cars arrive in dealer showrooms in the USA. 4,000 orders are placed on the first day. [8] October 23 * USA, Great Britain, France, and USSR agree to end occupation of Germany. [1] October 27 * The ABC TV network airs the first Disneyland TV show, on Wednesday night, 7:30 to 8:30. The first episode is titled The Disneyland Story. Approximately 30.8 million American viewers watch the show. [6] October 30 * Defense Department announces elimination of all segregated regiments. [1] October 31 * Algerian Revolution against French begins. [1] November 1 * India takes over administration of four French Indian settlements. [1] November 2

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* JS Thurmond becomes first US senator elected by write-in vote (South Carolina). [1] November 3 * Linus Pauling wins Nobel Chemistry Prize. [1] November 10 * Iwo Jima Memorial (servicemen raising US flag) dedicated in Arlington. [1] * Lieutenant Colonel John Strapp travels 632 MPH in a rocket sled. [1] November 12 * Ellis Island closes, after processing more than 12 million immigrants since opening in 1892. [1] [129] November 15 * First regularly scheduled commercial flight over North Pole begins. [1] November 23 * The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes for the first time above the peak it reached just before the 1929 crash. [5] November 24 * First US Presidential airplane christened. [1] November 30 * First meteorite (8 pounds) known to strike a woman (Liz Hodges in Sylacauga, Alabama, USA). [1] December 1 * Nationalist China and US sign dike agreement. [1] December 2 * US Senate censures Joe McCarthy (Senator-Republican-Wisconsin) for "conduct that tends to bring the Senate into dishonor and disrepute". [1] December 3

65

* Enrique Soro Barriga, composer, dies at age 70. [1] December 4 * Nina Vasar, wife of Russian composer Dmitri Shostakovich, dies. [1] December 6 * Simone de Beauvoir receives Prix Goncourt. [1] December 7 * Japanese government of Joshida resigns. [1] December 8 * Gladys George, actress (Roaring Twenties), dies at age 50. [1] December 9 * Dmitri Shostakovich appointed honored guest of Swedish Royal Music Academy. [1] December 10 * Albert Schweitzer receives Nobel Peace Prize. [1] December 11 * USS Forrestal christened in Newport News, Virginia. [1] December 15 * Netherlands Antilles becomes co-equal part of Kingdom of Netherlands. [1] December 17 * First fully automated railroad freight yard (Gary, Indiana, USA). [1] December 20 * Emilis Melngailis, composer, dies at age 80. [1] * James Hilton, English author (Lost Horizon), dies at age 54. [1] December 23

66

* Buena Vista releases Disney's live-action feature film 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea to theaters in the USA. The film is based on the novel by Jules Verne. [6] December 24 * Council for the Children Protection forms in Netherlands. [1] * Laos gains its independence. [1] December 25 * Johnny Ace, ballad singer, dies at age 25 in a game of Russian Roulette. [1] * Liberty Hyde Bailey, US botanist (Plantbreeding), dies at age 96. [1] * Rosario Scalero, composer, dies at age 84. [1] December 26 * The Shadow airs for last time on radio. [1] December 29 * Kingdom of the Netherlands, with Netherlands and Netherlands Antilles as autonomous parts, comes into being. [1] December 31 * Peter Van Anrooy, conductor/composer (Piet Hein Rhapsodie), dies at age 75. [1] Year * Total government income from Lotto lottery in Italy: US$45 million. [80.235]

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1955 January 1 * Bhutan issues its first postage stamps. [1] January 2 * First Bob Cummings Show premieres on NBC (later on CBS). [1] * José Antonio Remon, President of Panamá (1952-55), is assassinated. [1] January 3 * José Ramon Guizado becomes President of Panamá. [1] January 4 * Dominicus Johner, composer, dies at age 80. [1] * François Rasse, composer, dies at age 81. [1] * Jan D Domela Nieuwenhuis Nyegaard, Dutch preacher, dies at age 84. [1] January 11 * Rodolfo Graziani, Italian East-Africa Minister of Defense, dies at age 72. [1] January 15 * First official act of Dutch Princess Beatrice, launches tanker Vasum. [1] * USSR ends state of war with German Federal Republic. [1] * Yves Tanguy, French/American sailor/surrealistic painter, dies. [1] January 16 * Jonkheer Reneke de Marees van Swinderen, Dutch minister (1908-13), dies at age 94. [1] January 17 * Joannes A Veraart, Dutch judge/Member of Parliament, (Jews in Netherlands), dies at age 68. [1] * Submarine USS Nautilus begins first nuclear-powered test voyage. [1] January 19 * "Scrabble" debuts on board game market. [1] * The Millionaire TV program premieres on CBS. [1]

68

* First Presidential news conference filmed for TV (Dwight Eisenhower). [1] January 21 * Maarten P Vrij, Dutch lawyer/criminologist/High Council, dies at age 59. [1] January 22 * Norwegian government of Einar Gerhardsen forms. [1] January 25 * Columbia University scientists develop an atomic clock accurate to within one second in 300 years. [1] * Russia ends state of war with Germany. [1] * US and Panamá sign canal treaty. [1] January 27 * Plain and Fancy opens at Mark Hellinger Theater in New York City, New York for 476 performances. [1] * Ernst Penzoldt, writer, dies. [1] January 29 * Hans Hedtoft, premier of Denmark (1947-55), dies at age 51. [1] January 31 * John R Mott, US theologist/founder (YMCA, Nobel Prize 1946), dies at age 89. [1] * RCA demonstrates first music synthesizer. [1] February 1 * H C Hansen appointed premier of Denmark. [1] February 2 * First Presidential news conference on network TV - Dwight Eisenhower on ABC. [1] February 8 * Malenkov resigns as USSR premier, Bulganin replaces him. [1] February 9

69

* Dutch second Chamber accepts crematory law. [1] * US federations of trade unions merge into AFL/CIO. [1] February 12 * McGuire Sisters' "Sincerely" single goes to #1 and stays #1 for 10 weeks. [1] * US President Dwight Eisenhower sends first US advisors to South Vietnam. [1] * Soviets dedicate space center built in Baikonur, Kazachstan. [1] * Tom Moore, actor (Ladies be Seated, Majority Rules), dies at age 71. [1] February 13 * Israel acquires four of seven Dead Sea scrolls. [1] February 14 * Charles Cuvillier, composer, dies at age 77. [1] February 15 * First pilot plant to produce man-made diamonds announced. [1] * S Z Sakall, actor (Dolly Sisters, Casablanca), dies at age 71. [1] February 17 * Otto J Gombosi, Hungarian/American musicologist, dies at age 52. [1] February 18 * Baghdad Pact signed, making Turkey and Iraq a defense alliance. [1] February 19 * South East Asia Collective Defense Treaty goes into effect. [1] February 22 * British aircraft carrier Ark Royal sets sail. [1] February 23 * Edgar Faure forms French government. [1] * Paul Claudel, French poet/playwright (L'otage), dies at age 86. [1] February 24

70

* Silk Stockings opens at Imperial Theater in New York City for 461 performances. [1] February 25 * Marij Kogoj, composer, dies at age 59. [1] February 26 * First aviator to bail out at supersonic speed - G F Smith. [1] February 27 * Tom Howard, comedian (It Pays to be Ignorant), dies at age 66. [1] March 1 * Israeli assault on Gaza kills 48. [1] March 2 * King Norodom Sihanukh of Cambodia succeeded by his father. [1] March 4 * First radio facsimile transmission sent across the continent. [1] March 5 * Elvis Presley's first TV appearance on Louisiana Hayride show. [1] March 7 * In Los Angeles, California, the 7th Annual Emmy Awards are presented. o Best Actor Starring in a Regular Series: Danny Thomas for Make Room for Daddy o Best Actress Starring in a Regular Series: Loretta Young for Letter to Loretta o Best Audience Participation, Quiz or Panel Program: This Is Your Life and What's My Line? o Best Children's Program: Lassie o Best Daytime Program: House Party o Best Dramatic Program: The United States Steel Hour o Best Female Singer: Dinah Shore o Best Individual Program of the Year: Disneyland o Best Male Singer: Perry Como o Best Mystery, Action, or Adventure Program: Dragnet o Best News Reporter or Commentator: John Daly

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o Best Situation Comedy: Make Room for Daddy o Best Sports Program: Cavalcade of Sports o Best Supporting Actor in a Regular Series: Art Carney for The Jackie Gleason Show o Best Supporting Actress in a Regular Series: Audrey Meadows for The Jackie Gleason Show o Best Variety Program: Disneyland o Best Western or Adventure Series: Stories of the Century o Most Outstanding New Personality: George Gobel. [1] [170] * Mary Martin in Peter Pan is televised. [1] * Tom Dugan, actor (Pick a Star), dies at age 66. [1] March 8 * Princess Clementine of Belgium, wife of V Napoleon Bonaparte, dies at age 82. [1] March 9 * Matthew A Henson, met Peary at North Pole, dies at age 88. [1] March 11 * Meat packer Oscar Mayer dies. [5] * Alexander Fleming, English bacteriologist (penicillin), dies at age 73. [1] March 12 * Charlie "Bird" Parker, US jazz saxophonist, dies in New York City, New York at age 34. [1] * Theodor Plievier, writer, dies. [1] March 13 * Bir BSD Mahendra succeeds Tribhubana as king of Nepal. [1] * Yung Deva, king of Nepal (191?-55), dies at about age 48. [1] March 14 * Prince Mahemdra becomes king of Nepal. [1] March 15 * Dutch second Chamber requires TV licenses. [1] * US Air Force unveils self-guided missile. [1]

72

March 16 * Josephine Kroesen appointed as first Dutch female judge. [1] * Mayhew Lake, composer, dies at age 75. [1] * US President Dwight Eisenhower upholds the use of atomic weapons in case of war. [1] March 18 * I Hatojama recognized as premier of Japan. [1] March 24 * First seagoing oil drill rig placed in service. [1] * British Army patrols withdraw from Belfast, Ireland, after 20 years. [1] * Tennessee Williams' play Cat on a Hot Tin Roof opens on Broadway Theater, New York City, for 694 performances. [1] March 25 * East Germany granted full sovereignty by occupying power, USSR. [1] March 26 * "Ballad of Davy Crockett" becomes the #1 record in US. [1] March 27 * 9th Tony Awards: Desperate Hours and Pajama Game win. [1] * Steve McQueen makes his network TV debut (Goodyear Playhouse). [1] March 29 * Everard Verachtert, Flemish linguist (I Can Speak Nicely), dies at age 81. [1] March 30 * 27th Academy Awards: On the Waterfront, Marlon Brando and Grace Kelly win. [1] * Harl McDonald, US composer (Santa Fé Trail), dies at age 55. [1] March 31 * American banks Chase National (third largest bank) and Bank of the Manhattan Company (15th largest bank) merge to form Chase Manhattan. [1] * US Assay Office in Seattle, Washington, USA closes. [1]

73

April 1 * Revised Criminal Code of Canada goes into effect. [242.4] * Armed military action taken against bureaucratic strike in Amsterdam, Netherlands. [1] * EOKA-bomb attacks against British government buildings in Cyprus. [1] * Silvio d'Amico, Italian theater critic (Il Teatro Italian), dies at age 68. [1] April 3 * Fire in cinema in Sclessin, Belgium, kills 39. [1] * Night express train in Guadalajara, Mexico derails, killing 300. [1] April 4 * British government signs military treaty with Iraq. [1] April 5 * Winston Churchill resigns as British Prime Minister, Anthony Eden succeeds him. [1] April 6 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * Failed coup by Abdullah Seif el-Islam in Yemen. [1] April 7 * Theda Bara, actress (Camille, Cleopatra, Two Orphans), dies at age 62. [1] April 9 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] April 10 * Dr Jonas Salk successfully tests Polio vaccine. [1] * Oskar Frederik Lindberg, composer, dies at age 68. [1] April 12 * Researchers announce results of year-long polio vaccine trials, that the vaccine is safe and effective. [1] [129] April 13

74

* 20.33 inches (51.64 cm) of rainfall in Axis, Alabama (state record). [1] April 15 * Ray Kroc starts the McDonald's chain of fast food restaurants, in Des Plaines, Illinois. [1] [5] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] April 16 * Abdullah Seif el-Islam, brother of Yemenite king Ahmed, beheaded. [1] April 18 * First "Walk"/"Don't Walk" lighted street signals installed. [1] * First Bandoeng Conference - Afro-Asian conference opens. [1] * Albert Einstein, German/American physicist (E=MC^2, Theory of Relativity), dies. [1] [5] * Eugen Herrigel, Zen philosopher/scholar, dies in Germany at age 70. [1] April 21 * Minas Gerais Argentina tunnel caves in; 30 die. [1] April 22 * US Congress orders all US coins to bear motto "In God We Trust". [1] April 23 * Kismet closes at Ziegfeld Theater in New York City after 583 performances. [1] * Robert H Woltjer, classical/AR-First-Member of parliament, dies at age 76. [1] April 24 * Alfred Polgar, Austrian writer/theater critic, dies at age 79. [1] * Conference of Bandung against colonialism, for self determination ends. [1] * Gaullists lose elections in France. [1] April 25 * Constance Collier, actress (Perils of Pauline), dies at age 77. [1] * Paulus B Barth, Swiss painter/lithographer, dies at age 73. [1] April 28

75

* Lode Cantens, Flemish playwrite (Gnomes of the City), dies at age 43. [1] April 29 * Giovanni Gronchi is elected President of Italy. [1] April 30 * Element 101, Mendelevium, is announced. [1] * Imperial Bank of India is nationalized. [1] * Perez Prado's song "Cherry Pink and Apple Blossom White" goes #1 for 10 weeks. [1] * West German unions protest for 40-hour work week and more wages. [1] May 1 * Bobby Feller's 15th one-hit or less game (12 one-hitters, three no-hitters). [1] May 2 * India poses discrimination "onaanraakbaren" punishable. [1] * Pulitzer prize awarded Tennessee Williams for Cat on Hot Tin Roof. [1] * Tadeusz Jarecki, composer, dies at age 66. [1] May 3 * Philips C Visser, explorer/ambassador to Moscow, dies. [1] May 4 * Georges Enescu, Romanian/French violist/composer (Oedipe), dies at age 73. [1] * Louis Breguet, French aviation pioneer, dies at age 75. [1] May 5 * Damn Yankees opens at 46th Steet Theater in New York City for 1022 performances. [1] * India's parliament accepts hindu-divorce. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada test Site. [1] * The Allied occupation of West Germany ends. The Federal Republic of Germany becomes an independent sovereign state with the ratification of Paris agreements in Bonn, Germany. [1] [10] May 7

76

* USSR signs peace treaty with France and Great Britain. [1] * West Europe Union established. [1] May 9 * Sam and Friends debuts, marking the first television appearance of both Jim Henson and what would become Kermit the Frog and the Muppets. [5] * German Federal Republic joins NATO. [1] May 11 * Israel attacks Gaza. [1] May 14 * US performs nuclear test in Pacific Ocean. [1] * Warsaw Pact is signed by the Soviet Union, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania. [1] May 15 * Building of space travel center at Baikonur, Kazachstan begins. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * Vienna Treaty: Britain, France, US and USSR restore Austria's independence. [1] [10] May 16 * James Agee, US critic/writer (Death in Family), dies in New York. [1] * King Baudouin of Belgium visits Congo. [1] May 17 * Dutch Government of Drees resigns. [1] * Francesco Balilla Pratella, composer, dies at age 75. [1] May 18 * 28.7cm rain falls at Lake Maloya, New Mexico, USA (state record). [1] * Edwin Scharff, German painter/sculptor (Rossebändiger), dies at age 68. [1] * Mary McLeod Bethune, educator and civil rights leader, dies at age 79. [1] * Queen Juliana opens E55 fair in Amsterdam, Netherlands. [1] May 20 * Argentine parliament accepts separation of church and state. [1]

77

May 21 * First transcontinental round-trip solo flight-sunrise to sunset. [1] May 25 * Series of 19 twisters destroy Udall, Kansas, and most of Blackwell, Oklahoma. [1] May 26 * Conservatives win British parliamentary election. [1] * Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev arrives in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. [1] May 27 * Red Buttons Show last airs on NBC-TV. [1] May 29 * Daniël G van Beuningen, art collector, dies at age 78. [1] * Jordan government of Tewfik Abdul Huda resigns. [1] May 30 * Said el-Mufti forms Jordan Government. [1] * Tunisia begins domestic self governing. [1] May 31 * Construction begins on Soviet cosmodrome launch facilities. [1] * Great Britain proclaims emergency crisis due to railroad strike. [1] * Raoul Gunsbourg, composer, dies at age 95. [1] * US Supreme Court orders school integration "with all deliberate speed". [1] June 6 * Bill Haley and The Comets' song "Rock Around the Clock" hits #1. [1] June 7 * CBS premieres The $64,000 Question 30-minute TV game show. [1] [179.897] * First American President to appear on color TV (Dwight Eisenhower). [1] June 10

78

* First separation of virus into component parts reported. [1] June 11 * First jet magnesium airplane flown. [1] June 13 * The first diamond mine of the USSR (Mir Mine) is discovered. [5] June 16 * Buena Vista premieres Disney's animated feature film Lady and the Tramp in Chicago, Illinois. The film is based on an original story by Ward Greene. [6] June 18 * CBS airs the last The Jackie Gleason Show TV show. (The show resumes in the fall of 1956.) [179.485] June 22 * Wyllis Cooper, TV narrator (Volume One), dies at age 56. [1] * Buena Vista generally releases the Disney animated film Lady and the Tramp to theaters in the US. [6] June 26 * In South Africa, the African National Congress holds a Congress of the People in Kliptown, officially adopting a Freedom Charter, a statement of the core principles of the party. [46.234] June 27 * First automobile seat belt legislation enacted (Illinois). [1] July 2 * Lawrence Welk Show premieres on ABC. [1] July 9 * Bill Haley and Comets' "Rock Around the Clock" tops billboards chart. [1] July 11

79

* US Congress authorizes all US currency to say "In God We Trust". [1] * New USAF Academy dedicated at Lowry Air Force Base in Colorado with 300 cadets. [1] July 14 * Two killed, many dazed when lightning strikes Ascott racetrack, England. [1] July 17 * At 2:00 PM, Disneyland park opens, in Anaheim, California. Eighteen attractions are ready for use. Five themed areas are Main Street, U.S.A., Frontierland, Fantasyland, Adventureland, and Tomorrowland. Based on an initial US$10,000 for planning, the final construction cost was US$17 million. 15,000 guests were invited, but attendance for the day is 28,000-33,000. [6] * At 4:30 PM, the ABC Television network airs the 90-minute Dateline Disneyland show, broadcasting the opening of Disneyland park. An estimated 90 million people watch the show, the largest live TV broadcast to date, with over twenty cameras and a staff of hundreds. Hosts of the show are Art Linkletter, Bob Cummings, and Ronald Reagan. The official dedication is made by Walt Disney and California Governor Goodwin Knight. [6] * Arco, Idaho becomes first US city lit by nuclear power. [1] July 18 * Disneyland opens to the public, with general admission costing US$1. Cost of the twenty attractions range from 10c to 35c. [6] * First electric power generated from atomic energy sold commercially. [1] July 19 * Balclutha ties up at Pier 43 and becomes a floating museum. [1] July 21 * First submarine powered by liquid metal cooled reactor launched - Seawolf. [1] July 22 * First US Vice President to preside over cabinet meeting - Richard Nixon. [1] * Joseph Foley, actor (Mr Peepers), dies at age 45. [1] July 23 * Harry Haden, actor (Harry - Stu Erwin Show), dies at age 73. [1]

80

July 27 * Austria regains full independence after four-power occupation. [1] [10] * Goethe Link Observatory discovers asteroid #1751 Herget. [1] August 1 * First microgravity research begins. [1] August 3 * Automobile Association of America ends support of auto racing. [1] * Hurricane Connie begins pounding US for 11 days. [1] August 7 * Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering, the precursor to Sony, begins selling its first transistor radios in Japan. [5] August 8 * Geneva, Switzerland, conference held to discuss peaceful uses of atomic energy. [1] August 12 * US President Dwight Eisenhower raises minimum wage from US$0.75 to $1 an hour. [1] August 16 * Fiat Motors orders first private atomic reactor. [1] August 17 * Hurricane Diane, following hurricane Connie floods Connecticut River killing 190 and doing $1.8 billion damage. [1] August 20 * First airplane to exceed 1800 mph (2897 kph) - HA Hanes, Palmdale, California, USA. [1] * Hundreds killed in anti-French rioting in Morocco and Algeria. [1] August 28 * Emmett Till kidnapped and lynched at age 14, in Money, Mississippi, USA. [1]

81

August 31 * First microwave TV station operated (Lufkin, Texas, USA). [1] * First sun-powered automobile demonstrated, Chicago, Illinois, USA. [1] September 1 * Philip Loeb, actor (Jake - The Goldbergs), dies at age 61. [1] September 8 * Disneyland welcomes its one millionth visitor. [6] September 10 * CBS premieres the Gunsmoke western TV show. (633 shows are broadcast until 1975) [1] [179.403] September 16 * US Auto Club forms to oversee four major auto reacing categories. [1] September 22 * Commercial TV begins in England. [1] September 24 * US President Dwight Eisenhower suffers a heart attack on vacation in Denver, Colorado. [1] September 25 * CBS premieres The Ed Sullivan Show 60-minute variety show. [179.287] September 26 * New York Stock Exchange suffers worst price decline since 1929. [1] September 30 * James Dean is killed in an auto collision at age 24 near Cholame, California. [1] [5] October 1

82

* CBS premieres the Honeymooners comedy TV show. [1] [179.441] October 2 * Alfred Hitchcock Presents premieres. [1] October 3 * Captain Kangaroo premieres on TV. [1] * The ABC TV network launches Disney's second TV show The Mickey Mouse Club. It is a daily one-hour series, showing cartoons and introducing the talents of the "Mouseketeers". (390 shows are produced over four years.) [6] * Soviet battleship Novorossiisk strikes WW II mine in Baltic Sea. [1] October 4 * Reverend Sun Young Moon leaves prison in Seoul, South Korea. [1] October 8 * World's most powerful aircraft carrier, Saratoga (US), launched. [1] October 26 * Ngo Dinh Diem proclaims Vietnam a republic with himself as president. [1] November 1 * Time bomb aboard United DC-6 kills 44 above Longmont, Colorado. [1] November 3 * First virus crystallized (announced). [1] * Alabama woman bruised by a meteor. [1] * Australia takes control of the Cocos Islands. [1] November 5 * New Vienna Opera house opens (Austria). [1] November 7 * Supreme Court of Baltimore bans segregation in public recreational areas. [1] November 13

83

* First live telecast from non-contiguous foreign country-Havana, Cuba. [1] November 14 * Robert E Sherwood, dramatist (Abe Lincoln in Illinois), dies at age 59. [1] November 16 * First speed-boat to exceed 200 mph (322 kph) (D.M. Campbell). [1] November 18 * Bell X-2 rocket plane taken up for first powered flight. [1] November 23 * British transfer Cocos (Keeling) Island in Indian Ocean to Australia. [1] December 1 * In Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks (black) is arrested for refusing to move to the back of the bus. [1] December 4 * Manager Alfrink installed as archbishop of Utrecht. [1] December 5 * AFL and CIO merge, with George Meany as president. [1] * Historic bus boycott begins in Montgomery, Alabama, by Rosa Parks. [1] * Paul Harvey, actor (Calamity Jane, Heldorado, Jamboree), dies at age 73. [1] December 7 * Clement Attlee resigns as chairman of England's Labour Party. [1] December 8 * Jacques Handschin, Swiss musicologist, dies at age 69. [1] * Turkish government of Menderes forms. [1] December 11 * Franz Adolf Syberg, composer, dies at age 51. [1] * Johan C Altorf, sculptor (October 3 Monument), dies at age 79. [1]

84

December 12 * First prototype of hovercraft patented by British engineer Christoper Cockerell. [1] December 14 * Dutch Reformed Church condemns woman/wife as vicar. [1] December 19 * Carl Perkins records "Blue Suede Shoes". [1] December 21 * Dorothy Bernard, actress (Margaret - Life With Father), dies at age 65. [1] December 22 * Buena Vista releases the Disney live-action feature film The Littlest Outlaw to theaters in the US. The film is based on a story by Larry Lansburgh. [6] December 24 * Nana Bryant, actress (Mrs Nestor - Our Miss Brooks), dies at age 67. [1] December 25 * Pope Pius XII encyclical on sacred music and popular music. [1] December 26 * RKO is first to announce sale of its film library to TV. [1] Year * In Australia, US$526 million is bet on horse and dog races. [80.330] * In Australia, US$62 million is spent on lottery tickets. [80.330]

85

1956 January 1 * Sudan (Anglo-Egyptian Sudan) gains independence from Britain and Egypt (National Day). [1] January 2 * Poujadists/communists win French parliamentary elections. [1] January 3 * Death of Joseph Wirth in Freiburg, Germany; chancellor of the Weimar Republic (1921-22). [37] January 4 * Alexander Tikhonovich Grechaninov, Russian/American composer, dies at age 91. [1] January 5 * Jeanne F Bourgeois, French head mistress (Moulin Rouge), dies at age 84. [1] January 8 * Bollingen Prize for poetry awarded to Conrad Aiken. [1] * Elvis Presley's "Don't Be Cruel/Hound Dog" single goes to #1 and stays #1 for a record 11 weeks (for a single). [1] January 9 * Abigail Van Buren's "Dear Abby" column first appears in newspapers. [1] * Samir el-Rifai forms government in Jordan. [1] January 10 * Elvis Presley records song "Heartbreak Hotel" for RCA in Nashville, Tennessee. [1] * Henricus P Bremmer, Dutch art historian (Beeldende Kunst), dies at age 84. [1] * Karl L Schmidt, German/Swiss theologist (Urchristentum), dies at age 64. [1] January 12 * John Raedecker, Dutch sculptor (WWII Monument Amsterdam), dies at age 70. [1] * Norman Kerry, actor (Air Eagles, Phantom of Opera), dies at age 61. [1]

86

January 14 * Jordan government refuses to join Pact of Baghdad. [1] * Little Richard releases "Tutti Frutti". [1] * Siegfried F Nadel, Australian/British anthropologist (Nuba), dies at age 52. [1] January 15 * Dmitri Shostakovich is appointed honorary member of Academia Santa Cecilia. [1] January 16 * Egyptian President Nassar pledges to reconquer Palestine. [1] January 18 * German Democratic Republic forms own army (National People's Army). [1] January 19 * The General Motors Motorama show opens in the Waldorf Astoria in New York City, running for nine days. The 1956 Corvette makes its debut. The Corvette Impala show car is displayed. [8] January 20 * Buddy Holly records "Blue Days Black Night" in Nashville, Tennessee. [1] January 21 * William Shawn succeeds Harold Ross as editor of the New Yorker. [1] January 22 * 30 die in a train crash in Los Angeles, California, USA. [1] * P A M Speet, Dutch broadcast CEO (KRO), dies. [1] January 23 * Alexander Korda, English movie producer (Henry VIII), dies at age 62. [1] January 25 * 96.5 cm (38 inches) of rainfall, Kilauea Plantation, Hawaii (record). [1]

87

January 26 * Buddy Holly's first formal recording session. [1] * Porkkala military base returned to Finland by USSR. [1] January 27 * Erich Kleiber, Austrian conductor, dies. [1] January 28 * Elvis Presley's first TV appearance (Dorsey Brothers Stage Show). [1] January 29 * H[enry] L[ouis] Mencken, American essayist/critic/satirist (Smart Set), dies in Baltimore, Maryland at age 75. [1] [5] January 30 * Elvis Presley records his version of "Blue Suede Shoes". [1] * Gerrit Mannoury, mathematician/philosopher, dies at age 88. [1] * Jane Seymour, actress (Young Mr Bobbin), dies at age 56. [1] * Martin Luther King Jr's home is bombed. [1] January 31 * French government of Mollet forms. [1] * Juscelino Kubitschek becomes President of Brazil. [1] February 1 * Hague Daily Newspaper reveals war crimes of Hague mayor Schokking. [1] February 2 * Charley Grapewin, actor (Ellery Queen), dies at age 86. [1] February 3 * Autherine J Lucy is admitted to University of Alabama; suspended February 7 after a riot. [1] February 4

88

* Leendert A Donker, Dutch Social Democrat party-minister of Justice, dies at age 56. [1] * Peder Gram, composer, dies at age 74. [1] February 5 * Savilly Tartakower, Austrian/Polish/French chess player, dies at age 74. [1] February 6 * Chicago's Daily Defender begins publishing. [1] * French premier Guy Mollet pelted with tomatoes in Algiers. [1] * University of Alabama refuses admission to Autherine Lucy (because he's black). [1] February 8 * Mine disaster in Quaregnon, Belgium; eight die. [1] February 9 * R Lacoste follows Catroux as premier of Algeria. [1] February 10 * My Friend Flicka premieres on CBS TV. [1] February 14 * 20th Congress of CPSU opens in Moscow. [1] * Indonesia withdraws from Netherlands Indonesian Union. [1] February 15 * Urho Kekkonen is appointed President of Finland. [1] February 16 * Great Britain abolishes the death penalty. [1] February 18 * Gustave Charpentier, French opera composer (Louise), dies at age 95. [1] February 21 * Edwin Franko Goldman, composer, dies at age 78. [1]

89

February 22 * Elvis Presley's first hit in Billboard's top 10 "Heartbreak Hotel". [1] * Paul Léautaud [Maurice Boissard], French writer (Petit ami), dies at age 84. [1] February 23 * 20th Congress of CPSU closes in Moscow, Russia. [1] February 25 * Russian party leader Nikita Khrushchev denounces Josef Stalin at 20th Soviet Party Conference. [1] February 26 * Herman Courtens, Belgian baron/painter, dies at age 72. [1] February 27 * Female suffrage in Egypt. [1] * Frank Dailey, orchestra leader (Music at Meadowbrook), dies at age 54. [1] * Günther Ramin, German organist/composer/choir conductor, dies at age 57. [1] February 28 * Thirteen die in a train crash in Swampscott, Massachusetts, USA. [1] * Forrester issued a patent for computer core memory. [1] February 29 * Elpidio Quirino, President of Philippines (1949-53), dies at age 65. [1] * Islamic Republic established in Pakistan. [1] * US President Dwight Eisenhower announces he would seek a second term. [1] March 2 * Morocco tears up the Treaty of Féz, declares independence from France. [1] March 3 * Indonesian government of Harahap resigns. [1] * Morocco gains independence from France (Anniversary of throne). [1] * Willem H Keesom, Dutch physicist (Helium I/II), dies at age 79. [1]

90

March 5 * Movie King Kong is first televised. [1] * Erich Itor Kahn, composer, dies at age 50. [1] March 9 * Archbishop Makarios of Cyprus arrested and exiled to Seychelles. [1] * Weather forecasting phone line set up in London, England. [1] March 10 * General strike in Cyprus protesting exile of archbishop Makarios. [1] * Peter Twiss sets new world air record 1,132 mph (1,823 kph). [1] March 11 * Sergey Nikiforovich Vasilenko, Russian opera composer, dies at age 83. [1] March 12 * Dow Jones closes above 500 for first time (500.24). [1] March 15 * My Fair Lady opens at Mark Hellinger Theater in New York City for 2,715 performances. [1] March 16 * Joseph John Richards, composer, dies at age 77. [1] March 17 * In Hollywood, California, the 8th Annual Emmy Awards are presented. o Best Action or Adventure Series: Disneyland o Best Actor Starring in a Regular Series: Phil Silvers for The Phil Silvers Show o Best Actress Starring in a Regular Series: Lucille Ball for I Love Lucy o Best Audience Participation Series: The $64,000 Question o Best Children's Series: Lassie o Best Comedian: Phil Silvers o Best Comedienne: Nanette Fabray o Best Contributing to Daytime Programming: Matinee Theatre o Best Documentary Program: Omnibus o Best Dramatic Program: Producers' Showcase o Best Female Singer: Dinah Shore

91

o Best Male Singer: Perry Como o Best MC or Program Host - Male or Female: Perry Como o Best Music Series: Your Hit Parade o Best News Commentator or Reporter: Edward R. Murrow o Best Situation Comedy: The Phil Silvers Show o Best Supporting Actor in a Regular Series: Art Carney for The Honeymooners o Best Supporting Actress in a Regular Series: Nanette Fabray for Caesar's Hour o Best Variety Program: Toast of the Town. [1] [171] * Fred Allen, comedian (Colgate Comedy Hour, Fred Allen Radio Show), dies at age 61. [1] March 18 * Friedrich Panzer, German germanist (Hilde-Gudrun), dies at age 85. [1] * Louis Bromfield, writer, dies at age 59. [1] March 20 * E Ochab succeeds Beirut as first Secretary of Polish CP. [1] * Mount Bezymianny on Kamchatka Peninsula (USSR) explodes. [1] * Tunisia gains independence from France. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test. [1] * Union workers end a 156-day strike at Westinghouse Electric Corp. [1] March 21 * 28th Academy Awards: Marty, Ernest Borgnine and Anna Magnani win. [1] March 22 * Death penalty against Prime Minister-director Léon Jungschlaeger. [1] * George A L Sarton, Belgian/US historian, dies at age 71. [1] * Musical Mr Wonderful with Sammy Davis Jr premieres at Broadway Theater in New York City for 383 performances. [1] March 23 * Pakistan proclaimed an Islamic republic in British Commonwealth (National Day). [1] * Sudan gains independence. [1] March 25 * George Luther Foote, composer, dies at age 70. [1] * Robert Newton, actor (Henry V, Odd Man Out), dies at age 50. [1]

92

March 26 * Medic Alert Foundation forms. [1] * Red Buttons debuts on TV in Studio One. [1] * Thomas Alexandrovich de Hartmann, composer, dies at age 70. [1] March 27 * Frans Beelaerts van Blokland, minister of Foreign affairs, dies at age 84. [1] * French commandos land in Algeria. [1] * US seizes American communist newspaper Daily Worker. [1] March 28 * Arthur "Big Boy" Crudup, vocalist, dies of a heart attack. [1] March 30 * USSR performs nuclear test. [1] April 1 * 10th Tony Awards: Diary of Anne Frank and Damn Yankees win. [1] * Violent clashes in Algeria, at least 380 killed. [1] April 2 * Albert de Bassompierre, Belgium ambassador to Tokyo, Japan, dies at age 82. [1] * Chester Clute, actor (Niagara Falls), dies at age 65. [1] * Philippo de Pisis, Italian painter, dies at age 59. [1] * Soap operas As the World Turns and Edge of Night premiere on TV. [1] April 3 * Silk Stockings closes at Imperial Theater in New York City after 461 performances. [1] * Bulgarian vice premier Traitsjo Kostov is rehabilitated. [1] * German war criminals Hinrichsen/Rühl/Siebens/Viebahn are freed. [1] * T Kostov, Bulgarian vice-premier, is executed. [1] April 4 * Fritz Künkel, German physician/charachterologist, dies at age 66. [1] April 6

93

* Polish communist Gomulka freed from prison. [1] April 7 * Spain relinquishes her protectorate in Morocco. [1] April 8 * Six marine recruits drown during exercise at Paradise Island, South Carolina, USA. [1] * M Bandaranaike's People's Front wins election in Ceylon. [1] April 10 * Bozidar Sirola, composer, dies at age 66. [1] * Jozef Szulc, composer, dies at age 81. [1] * Philips broadcasts first Dutch color TV programs. [1] April 11 * French government decides to send 200,000 reservists to Algeria. [1] * Singer Nat Cole attacked on stage of Birmingham (Alabama) theater by whites. [1] April 12 * Bandaranaike government forms in Ceylon. [1] * José Moscardo Ituarte, Spanish General (Alcázar 1936), dies at age 77. [1] April 14 * Videotape is first demonstrated at the 1956 NARTB convention in Chicago, Illinois, USA. [1] [5] * Plain and Fancy closes at Mark Hellinger Theater in New York City after 476 performances. [1] April 15 * Emile Nolde [Hansen], German painter (Grablegung Christi), dies at age 88. [1] April 16 * First solar powered radios go on sale. [1] April 17

94

* Bulgaria premier Tchervenkov resigns. [1] * Premium Savings Bonds are introduced in Great Britain. [1] * USSR's Cominform (Parliament) dissolves. [1] * Willie Mosconi sinks 150 consecutive balls in a billiard tournament. [1] April 18 * Egypt and Israel agree to a cease fire. [1] April 19 * Ernst R Curtius, German literature historian, dies at age 70. [1] * Lionel K P "Buster" Crabb, British diver (WWII), dies at age 47. [1] * Léon N H Jungschlaeger, head military intelligence Netherlands-Indies, dies at age 52. [1] * US actress Grace Kelly marries Monaco's Prince Rainier III (civil ceremony). [1] April 20 * Jaap Vranken, organist/composer (Stabat mater), dies. [1] * Lieven Duvosel, Flemish music composer (Levensschets), dies at age 78. [1] April 23 * US Supreme court ends race segregation on buses. [1] April 24 * Albrecht G Alt, German theologist (Small Schriften), dies at age 72. [1] * Henry Stephenson, actor (Conquest, Mr Lucky), dies at age 85. [1] April 26 * Edward Arnold, actor (Mr Smith Goes to Washington), dies at age 66. [1] April 27 * Burma Premier U Nu's Volksliga voor Vrijheid loses election. [1] April 28 * Last French troops leave Vietnam. [1] April 29 * Nemesio Otano y Eugenio, composer, dies at age 75. [1]

95

April 30 * Alben W Barkley (US Vice President-Democrat-1949-53), dies at age 78. [1] May 2 * US Lab detects high-temperature microwave radiation from Venus. [1] * US Methodist church disallows race separation. [1] May 3 * A new range of mountains is discovered in Antarctica (two over 13,000 feet). [1] * Frank Loesser's musical Most Happy Fella opens at the Imperial Theater New York City for 678 performances. [1] May 4 * Queen Juliana unveils National Monument to Dams in Amsterdam. [1] * US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Enwetak. [1] May 5 * Charles R Gallas, lexicographer (French Dictionary), dies at age 88. [1] May 7 * Battle at Oran, Algeria, kills 300. [1] * Pulitzer prize awarded to Frances Goodrich and Albert Hackett. [1] May 10 * French Government sends 50,000 reservists to Algeria. [1] May 11 * Walter S Adams, US astronomer/director of Mount Wilson, dies at age 79. [1] May 12 * East Pakistan is struck by cyclone and tidal waves. [1] * Hendrik P Marchant, Dutch minister of Education, dies at age 87. [1] * Vladimir Ambros, composer, dies at age 65. [1] May 13

96

* Aleksandr A Fadejev, Russian author (Young Guard), commits suicide at age 54. [1] May 16 * Egypt recognizes People's Republic of China. [1] * Great Britain performs nuclear test at Monte Bello Island, Australia. [1] * Kraft Theatre presents an act from Profiles in Courage. [1] May 18 * Hungarian party leader Matyas Rákosi enforces his own policy. [1] * Queen Juliana opens Rembrandt fairs in Amsterdam, Netherlands. [1] May 20 * André Eugene Maurice Charlot, actor (Summer Storm), dies. [1] * Atomic fusion (thermonuclear) bomb dropped from plane-Bikini Atoll. [1] * Jordan government of Samir resigns. [1] * Max Beerbohm, caricturist/writer (Yet Again), dies. [1] May 21 * Jordan government of Said el-Mufti forms. [1] * US explodes first airborne hydrogen bomb over Bikini Atoll. [1] May 22 * Bob Hope Show last airs on NBC-TV. [1] May 23 * Presbyterian Church begins accepting women ministers. [1] * World Trade Center dedicated in Ferry Building, San Francisco, California. [1] May 24 * Guy Kibbee, actor (Captain Blood, Babes in Arms), dies at age 74. [1] May 25 * Pope Pius XII publishes encyclical Haurietis aquas. [1] May 26 * US Navy aircraft carrier Bennington burns off Rhode Island, killing 103. [1]

97

May 27 * US performs nuclear test at Enwetak (atmospheric tests). [1] May 28 * US President Dwight Eisenhower signs farm bill allowing government to store agricultural surplus. [1] May 29 * Albert H Edelkoort, theologist (Christusverwachting), dies at age 65. [1] * Arnold Schönberg's Modern Psalm premieres. [1] * Hermann Abendroth, German conductor (Gewandhausorkest), dies at age 73. [1] May 30 * Bus boycott begins in Tallahassee, Florida. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Enwetak (atmospheric tests). [1] June 4 * Speech by USSR leader Nikita Khrushchev blasting Josef Stalin made public. [1] June 5 * US Federal court rules racial segregation on Montgomery (Alabama) buses antiConstitutional. [1] June 6 * Margaret Wycherly, actress (Claudia), dies at age 75. [1] June 15 * John Lennon (15) and Paul McCartney (13) meet for the first time as Lennon's rock group The Quarrymen perform at a church dinner. [1] June 18 * Last of foreign troops leaves Egypt. [1] June 20 * Buena Vista releases Disney's live-action feature film The Great Locomotive Chase to theaters in the US. [6]

98

June 23 * Gamal Abdel Nasser elected president of Egypt. [1] June 24 * NBC premieres The Steve Allen Show 60-minute variety TV show. [179.929] June 28 * First atomic reactor built for private research operates in Chicago, Illinois, USA. [1] * Riots break out in Poznan, Poland; 38 die. [1] June 29 * Charles Dumas makes first high jump over 7 feet (2.13 metres) - Los Angeles, California. [1] * The US Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 is signed, officially creating the United States Interstate Highway System. [1] [5] (month unknown) * The first A & W drive-in restaurant outside of the USA opens, operated by Dick Bolle and Orval Helwege on Portage Avenue in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. [2] July 1 * Elvis Presley, wearing a tuxedo, appears on The Steve Allen Show. [1] July 4 * Independence National Historical Park established in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. [1] * US most intense rain fall (1.23 inches in one minute) at Unionville, Maryland. [1] July 7 * Seven Army trucks loaded with dynamite explode in the middle of California, killing 1,100-1,200, destroying 2,000 buildings. [1] July 16 * Karelo-Finnish SSR becomes part of Russian SFSR. [1] * Last Ringling Bros, Barnum and Bailey Circus under a canvas tent. [1] July 20

99

* France recognizes Tunisia's independence. [1] July 23 * Bell X-2 rocket plane sets world aircraft speed record of 3,050 kph. [1] July 25 * (11:20 PM) Italian luxury liner Andrea Doria (29,000 tons) collides with SwedishAmerican Line steamship M.S. Stockholm (12,600 tons) in the North Atlantic, off the coast of Nantucket, USA. The Andrea Doria is struck midship; the Stockholm loses a portion of its bow, with the loss of five lives. (The Andrea Doria sinks the next day, with the loss of 49 lives.) [7] [260.103] * Jordanians attack United Nations' Palestine truce. [1] July 26 * Egypt seizes Suez Canal. [1] July 29 * Jacques Cousteau's Calypso anchors in 7,500 metres of water (record). [1] July 30 * US motto "In God We Trust" authorized. [1] August 4 * First motorcycle rode over 200 mph (Wilhelm Herz-210 mph/338 kph). [1] August 8 * Fire and explosion kill 263 miners at Marcinelle, Belgium. [1] August 9 * First US state-wide, state-supported educational TV network, Alabama. [1] * South African women demonstrate against pass laws. [1] August 11 * Elvis Presley releases "Don't Be Cruel". [1] * Jackson Pollock, abstract artist, dies in auto accident (East Hampton). [1]

100

August 16 * Adlai E Stevenson nominated as Democratic US presidential candidate. [1] August 20 * The Calder Hall atomic power station begins operation in Cumberland, Great Britain, generating up to 90,000 kilowatts of power and manufacturing plutonium. [55.20] August 22 * US President Dwight Eisenhower and Vice President Richard Nixon renominated by Republican convention in San Francisco, California. [1] August 24 * First non-stop transcontinental helicopter flight arrives in Washington DC. [1] August 25 * Anders Franzén locates the sunken (in 1628) Swedish warship Vasa at the bottom of Stockholm harbor, off Beckholmen island, in 110 feet of water. (In 1961, the ship will be brought to the surface.) [7] September 1 * Indian state of Tripura becomes a territory. [1] September 2 * Collapse of a railroad bridge under a train kills 120 in India. [1] September 5 * 20 die in a train crash in Springer, New Mexico, USA. [1] September 7 * Bell X-2 sets unofficial manned aircraft altitude record 126,000+ feet. [1] September 8 * Harry Belafonte's album "Calypso" goes to #1 and stays #1 for 31 weeks. [1] September 9

101

* Elvis Presley appears on national TV for first time (Ed Sullivan). [1] September 12 * Black students enter and are barred from Clay elementary school in Kentucky. [1] September 13 * In the USA, IBM introduces the IBM 350 Disk File, the first hard drive, as part of the IBM RAMAC 305 computer. The drive features fifty double-sided 24-inch diameter platters, served by one arm and one read/write head. Capacity is about 5 MB, and transfer rate is 8800 characters per second. [4] September 14 * First prefrontal lobotomy performed, Washington DC. [1] September 17 * Black students enter Clay elementary school in Kentucky. [1] September 19 * First international conference of black writers and artists meets (Sorbonne). [1] September 21 * Anastasio Somoza, Nicaraguan dictator, assassinated by Roliberto Lopez. [1] September 23 * Earl Godwin, newscaster (Meet the Veep), dies at age 75. [1] September 25 * First transatlantic telephone cable goes into operation. [1] September 27 * Milburn Apt in X-2 rocket plane reaches 3370 kph, but dies in crash. [1] October 2 * First atomic power clock exhibited-New York City. [1] October 6

102

* Walter Herlihy, announcer (Music at Meadowbrook), dies at age 42. [1] October 16 * William J Brennan Jr becomes a US Supreme Court Justice. [1] October 17 * The first commercial nuclear power station is officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II in Cumbria, England. [1] [5] October 20 * 58 degrees F (15 degrees C), Esperanza Station, Antarctica (Antarctic record high). [1] * Hannes Lindemann begins journey across Atlantic in a 17-foot craft. [1] October 23 * First video recording on magnetic tape televised in USA, coast-to-coast. [1] * Revolt against Stalinist policies began in Hungary. [1] October 24 * Soviet troops invade Hungary. [1] October 26 * United Nations' International Atomic Energy Agency statute approved. [1] * Vietnam promulgates its constitution. [1] October 29 * Chet Huntley and David Brinkley, NBC News, team up. [1] * Israeli Defense Force crosses Egyptian territory in the Sinai. [1] * International zone of Tangier returned to Morocco. [1] * Israeli paratroopers drop into the Sinai to open Straits of Tiran. [1] October 30 * Israel captures Egyptian militay post at El-Thamad. [1] October 31

103

* Rear Admiral G. J. Dufek becomes the first person to land an airplane at the South Pole. [1] [5] * Britain and France begin to bomb Egypt to reopen the Suez Canal. [1] * Brooklyn, New York ends streetcar service. [1] November 1 * Delhi becomes a territory of the Indian union. [1] * Indian state of Madhya Pradesh formed. [1] * Indian states of Punjab, Patiala and PEPSU merge as Punjab protection. [1] * Lajos Asztalos, International Chess Master (1950), dies at age 67. [1] * Nagy government of Hungary withdraws from Warsaw Pact. [1] November 2 * Hungary appeals for United Nations assistance against Soviet invasion. [1] * Israel captures Gaza and Sheham. [1] November 3 * Wizard of Oz film first televised (CBS-TV). [1] November 4 * Soviet tanks and troops enter Budapest, Hungary, to put down a revolution against Soviet influence. An estimated 2,500 Hungarians are killed and 200,000 more flee as refugees. [1] [129] * Israel captures Straits of Tiran from Egypt. [1] * Israeli troops reach Suez Canal. [1] November 5 * Art Tatum, black pianist, dies at age 46 in Los Angeles, California, USA. [1] * Britain and France land forces in Egypt. [1] November 6 * US President Dwight Eisenhower (Republican) re-elected defeating Adlai E Stevenson (Democrat). [1] November 8 * United Nations demands USSR leave Hungary. [1] November 11

104

* Victor Young, orchestra leader (Milton Berle Show), dies at age 56. [1] November 12 * Largest observed iceberg, 208 by 60 miles, first sighted. [1] November 13 * US Supreme Court strikes down segregation of races on public buses. [1] December 1 * Indonesian Vice-President Mohammed Hatta resigns. [1] December 2 * Fidel Castro lands with "Granma" on coast of Cuba. [1] December 3 * England and France pull troops out of Egypt. [1] December 6 * Happy Hunting opens at Majestic Theater in New York City for 413 performances. [1] * Nelson Mandela and 156 others arrested for political activities in South Africa. [1] December 8 * First test firing of the Vanguard satellite program, TV-0. [1] * Edgar Leslie Bainton, composer, dies at age 76. [1] * Guy Mitchell's "Singing the Blues" single goes #1 for 10 weeks. [1] December 9 * Hans Barth, composer, dies at age 59. [1] December 10 * Establishment of MPLA in Angola. [1] December 11 * Anti-Russian demonstrates in Stettin and Wroclaw, Poland. [1]

105

December 12 * Lorenzo Perosi, composer, dies at age 83. [1] December 14 * Paul-Henri Spaak is appointed Secretary-General of NATO. [1] December 15 * Emergency crisis in North Ireland proclaimed after Irish Republican Army strikes. [1] December 16 * Fanny closes at Majestic Theater in New York City after 888 performances. [1] December 17 * Eddie Acuff, actor (Guns of Pecos), dies at age 48. [1] December 18 * To Tell the Truth debuts on CBS-TV. [1] * Israeli flag hoisted on Mount Sinai. [1] * Japan admitted to the United Nations. [1] December 20 * Buena Vista releases Disney's live-action feature film Westward Ho the Wagons to theaters in the US. The film is based on the novel by Mary Jane Carr. [6] * Military coup under colonel Simbolon in Sumatra. [1] * Montgomery, Alabama, removes race-based seat assignments on its buses. [1] December 21 * Lewis M Terman, psychologist (Genetic studies of genius), dies at age 79. [1] December 22 * Last British/French troops leave Egypt. [1] December 24 * I Love Lucy Christmas show airs, never put in syndication. [1] * Ferdinand de Lesseps statue blown up in Port Said, Egypt. [1]

106

December 25 * Robert Walser, writer, dies at age 78. [1] December 26 * Holmes Herbert, actor (The Kiss), dies at age 74. [1] December 28 * Ding Dong School on NBC-TV cancelled. [1] * Roelof Kranenburg, Dutch social democratic party-chairman, dies at age 76. [1] December 29 * Martin Albertz, German theologist (Jesus Christ's Church), dies at age 73. [1]

107

1957 January 1 * France returns Saar to becomes the 10th state of German Federal Republic. [1] [37] * International Geophysical Year begins; ends June 30, 1958 (18-month year). [1] * Ruth Draper, US elocutionist, dies at age 67. [1] January 3 * First electric watch introduced, in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA. [1] January 4 * Blondie situation comedy premieres on NBC TV. [1] * Death of Theodor Körner in Vienna, Austria, at age 84; colonel in the Austrian army when World War I began, rose to the office of chief of staff, then inspector general of the new Austrian army after the war, post-war mayor of Vienna, then finally elected president of Austria in 1951. [1] [37] January 5 * US President Dwight Eisenhower asks Congress to send troops to the Middle East. [1] January 6 * Elvis Presley makes his 7th and final appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show. [1] * Yeshiva Kol Ya'ackov opens in Moscow, Russia. [1] January 7 * Al White, choreographer (NBC Comedy Hour), dies. [1] January 9 * Checheno-Ingush ASSR reformed in RSFSR. [1] * Dutch Newspaper Society expels communist daily paper Truth. [1] * Karachayevo-Cherkess Autonomous Region reestablished in RSFSR. [1] * Mary Carr Moore, composer, dies at age 83. [1] January 10 * Anthony Eden resigns and Harold Macmillan becomes Prime Minister of Great Britain. [1] * Gabriela Mistral, Chilean poet (Nobel Prize 1945), dies at age 67. [1]

108

January 12 * Southern Christian Leadership Council (SCLC) founded. [1] January 13 * Bollingen Prize for poetry awarded to Allen Tate. [1] * Wham-O Company produces the first Frisbee. [1] January 14 * Humphrey Bogart, actor (Casablanca, The Caine Mutiny), dies at age 57. [1] January 16 * Three B-52s leave California for first non-stop round the world flights. [1] * Alexander Cambridge, Governor-General (South Africa 1923-31 / Canada 1940-45), dies at age 82. [1] * Arturo Toscanini, Italian-American conductor, dies in New York City, New York at age 89. [1] * Cavern Club (home of Beatles' first appearance) opens on Mathew Street in England. [1] January 18 * Three B-52s set record for around-the-world flight, 45 hours 19 minutes. [1] January 19 * USSR performs atmospheric nuclear test. [1] January 20 * Gomulka wins Poland's parliamentary election. [1] January 21 * Arthur L Bowley, English statistician/economist, dies at age 87. [1] January 22 * Israeli forces withdraw from the Sinai Penisula. [1] * Mad Bomber (George P Metesky), accused of 30 explosions, arrested. [1] January 25

109

* FBI arrests Jack and Myra Sobel, charged with spying for the USSR. [1] January 26 * Dutch PSP, Pacifist Socialistic Party, forms. [1] * India annexes Kashmir. [1] January 27 * Birth of Frank Miller; American comicbook writer (Batman - The Dark Knight Returns). [1] January 28 * Tonight! America After Dark premieres, with Jack Lescoulie and Al (Jazzbo) Collins on NBC (between Steve Allen and Jack Paar). [1] * Fred Stein, TV panelist (Live Begins at 80), dies at age 88. [1] January 30 * Grigore Gafencu, Romanian minister of Foreign Affairs (1938-39), dies at age 65. [1] * US Congress accepts "Eisenhower-doctrine". [1] January 31 * Trans-Iranian oil pipe line finished. [1] February 1 * Friedrich von Paulus, German field marshal (Stalingrad), dies at age 66. [1] * Felix Wankel's first working prototype DKM 54 of the Wankel engine is running at the NSU research and development department Versuchsabteilung TX in Germany. [5] February 2 * United Nations adopts a resolution calling for Israeli troops to leave Egypt. [1] * Valéry Larbaud, French author/novelist/writer (Amants), dies at age 75. [1] February 4 * First electric portable typewriter placed on sale (Syracuse, New York, USA). [1] * Joseph Hardaway, creator of Bugs Bunny, dies at age 66. [1] * Miguel Covarrubias, Mexican illustrator, dies. [1] February 7

110

* Rudolph Reti, composer, dies at age 71. [1] February 8 * John Von Neumann, astronomer, dies at age 53. [1] February 9 * Miklós Horthy von Nagybanya, Hungarian Admiral/regent (1920-44), dies at age 88. [1] February 10 * Laura Ingalls Wilder, US author (Little House on Prarie), dies at age 90. [1] * American Southern Christian Leadership Conference forms. [1] February 12 * Johannes Anker Larsen; Danish writer (Martha og Maria), dies at age 82. [1] * Researchers announce Borazan (harder than diamonds) been developed. [1] February 13 * Southern Christian Leadership Conference organizes in New Orleans, Louisiana. [1] February 15 * Andrei A Gromyko succeeds Dmitri Shepilov as Soviet foreign minister. [1] February 16 * Leslie Hore-Belisha [Lord Halifax], British Minister of Transport, dies at age 63. [1] February 17 * Fire in Warreton, Missouri, kills 72. [1] February 18 * Henry N Russell, co-author (temperature-luminosity graph), dies. [1] February 22 * Harry Sothern, actor (Dr Huer - Buck Rogers), dies at age 72. [1]

111

February 23 * Mr Wonderful closes at Broadway Theater in New York City after 383 performances. [1] February 25 * Kurt von Wolfurt, composer, dies at age 76. [1] * Mark Aldanov [Mark A Landau], Russian/French chemist, dies at age 70. [1] February 27 * Chinese Chairman Mao's speech "On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among People". [1] * Premiere of first prime-time network TV show beginning with an "X" Xavier Cugat Show on NBC (only one until X-Files). [1] March 2 * Harry E Soref, inventor (padlock), dies at age 70. [1] March 3 * Corry Brokken wins Eurovision Song festival with "Just as Then". [1] March 5 * Eamon de Valera's Fianna Fail party wins election in Ireland. [1] March 6 * Ghana (formerly Gold Coast) declares independence from United Kingdom. [1] March 8 * Israeli troops leave Egypt; Suez Canal re-opened for minor ships. [1] * Othmar Schoeck, composer, dies at age 70. [1] * USSR performs atmospheric nuclear test. [1] March 9 * 8.1 earthquake shakes Andreanof Islands, Alaska, USA. [1] March 11 * Richard E Byrd, American explorer (Antarctica), dies at age 68. [1] [5]

112

March 12 * German Democratic Republic accepts 22 Russian divisions. [1] * Josephine Hull, actress (Harvey), dies at age 71. [1] March 13 * Bloody battles after anti-Batista demonstration in Havana, Cuba. [1] * Lena Ashwell, English actress/theatrical manager (Kingsway), dies at age 84. [1] March 14 * Indonesian government of Sastroamidjojo resigns. [1] March 15 * Great Britain becomes the third nation to explode a nuclear bomb. [1] March 16 * In Burbank, California, the 9th Annual Emmy Awards are presented, hosted by Desi Arnaz. o Best Continuing Performance by an Actor in a Dramatic Series: Robert Young for Father Knows Best o Best Continuing Performance by an Actress in a Dramatic Series: Loretta Young for Letter to Loretta o Best Continuing Performance by a Comedian in a Series: Sid Caesar for Caesar's Hour o Best New Program Series: Playhouse 90 o Best Public Service Series: See It Now o Best Series Half Hour or Less: The Phil Silvers Show o Best Series One Hour or More: Caesar's Hour o Best Single Performance by an Actor: Jack Palance for Playhouse 90 o Best Single Performance by an Actress: Claire Trevor for Producers' Showcase o Best Supporting Performance by an Actor: Carl Reiner for Caesar's Hour o Best Supporting Performance by an Actress: Pat Carroll for Caesar's Hour [1] [172] [1] * Mosa Pijade, Yugoslavian Member of Parliament (communist), dies at age 67. [1] March 17 * Dutch ban on Sunday driving lifted. [1] * Ramon Magsaysay, President of Philippines, dies in a plane crash. [1] March 20

113

* Britain accepts NATO offer to mediate in Cyprus, but Greece rejects it. [1] March 22 * Earthquake gives San Francisco, California the shakes. [1] * Republic of India adopts Saka calendar along with Gregorian. [1] March 23 * L Patrick Abercrombie, English architect, dies at age 77. [1] * US army sells last homing pigeons. [1] March 25 * Fud Livingston, composer, dies at age 50. [1] * Treaty of Rome establishes European Economic Community (Common Market). [1] March 26 * Max Ophüls [Maximilian Oppenheimer], German/French director (Caught, Exile), dies. [1] March 27 * 29th Academy Awards: Around World in 80 Days, Yul Brynner, and Ingrid Bergman win. [1] March 29 * Joyce A L Cary; English writer (Horse's Mouth), dies at age 68. [1] March 30 * First performance of Walter Piston's 4th Symphony. [1] March 31 * Gene Lockhart, American actor (Going My Way), dies at age 65. [1] April 1 * Gheorge Tatarescu, premier Romania (1933-37, 1939-40), dies. [1] * Trial begins in Budapest, Hungary against participants' October uprising. [1] April 3

114

* USSR performs atmospheric nuclear test. [1] April 6 * USSR performs atmospheric nuclear test. [1] April 7 * Last of New York's electric trolleys completes its final run. [1] April 9 * Suez Canal cleared for all shipping. [1] April 10 * Jordanian government of Naboelsi resigns. [1] * Suez Canal re-opens for all traffic. [1] * USSR performs atmospheric nuclear test. [1] April 11 * Ryan X-13 Vertijet becomes first jet to take-off and land vertically. [1] April 12 * USSR performs atmospheric nuclear test. [1] April 13 * 11th Tony Awards: Long Days Journey into the Night and My Fair Lady win. [1] April 16 * USSR performs atmospheric nuclear test. [1] April 19 * Charles Funk, Encylopediest (Funk and Wagnalls), dies at age 76. [1] * Johan W Albarda, first Dutch SDAP minister (1939-45), dies at age 79. [1] April 21 * Pope Pius XII publishes encyclical Fidei Donum. [1]

115

April 22 * Ignatius Roy D Campbell; British poet (Garcia Lorca), dies at age 54. [1] April 23 * William Orlamond, actor (Flesh and Devil, Words and Music), dies at age 89. [1] April 24 * Andries CD de Graeff, Governor-General of Netherlands Indies (1926-31), dies at age 84. [1] April 25 * First experimental sodium nuclear reactor operated. [1] * Ibrahim Hashim forms Jordanian government. [1] April 26 * Jamestown, Virginia, 350th Anniversary Festival opens. [1] April 27 * Mario A Gianini, creator of the maraschino cherry, dies. [1] April 29 * First military nuclear power plant dedicated, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, USA. [1] * Otallo Morales, composer, dies at age 82. [1] April 30 * Ludwig Schiedermair, German musicologist (Beethoven), dies at age 80. [1] May 1 * Grant Mitchell, actor (Great Lie, Laura, Cairo, Conflict), dies at age 82. [1] * Larry King's first radio broadcast. [1] * US gives Poland credit of US$95 million. [1] * Vanguard TV-1 booster test reaches 195 km. [1] May 2 * Joseph McCarthy, communist-hunting senator (Republican-Wisconsin), dies at age 47. [1]

116

* Tadeusz Zygfryd Kassern, composer, dies at age 53. [1] May 4 * Alan Freed hosts Rock n' Roll Show, first prime-time network rock show. [1] * Anne Frank Foundation forms in Amsterdam, Netherlands. [1] May 5 * Adolf Schärf elected President of Austria. [1] * Mikhail Fabianovich Gnesin, composer, dies at age 74. [1] May 6 * Italian Government of Segni resigns. [1] * Last broadcast of I Love Lucy on CBS-TV. [1] * Pulitzer prize awarded to John F Kennedy (Profiles in Courage). [1] May 8 * Johannes C B "Jan" Sluyters; Dutch painter, dies at age 75. [1] May 9 * Ezio F Pinza, Italian bass (Scale of Milan, New York Metropolitan Opera), dies. [1] * Heinrich Campendonk, German painter/wood carver/glasier, dies at age 67. [1] May 10 * First meeting of legislature of Cameroon. [1] May 11 * Gabriel Paris forms Government of Colombia. [1] May 12 * Erich von Stroheim, Austrian/US actor (Grand Illusion), dies at age 71. [1] May 14 * Bob Merrill's musical New Girl in Town premieres at 46th Steet Theater in New York City for 432 performances. [1] May 15

117

* 18,000 people at Madison Square Garden-Billy Graham launches a crusade. [1] * First British hydrogen bomb explosion (over Christmas Island). [1] May 16 * Major Irwin, USAF flies a Lockheed Starfighter to a record 1,404.18 MPH. [1] * Pope Pius XII publishes encyclical Invicti Athletae. [1] * US launches its third atomic submarine, USS Skate, at Groton, Connecticut. [1] May 17 * Prayer Pilgrimage takes place; biggest American civil rights demonstration to date (District of Columbia). [1] * Shalva Azmayparashvili, composer, dies at age 54. [1] May 19 * Adone Zoli forms Italian Government. [1] May 21 * French Government of Mollet resigns. [1] May 22 * South Africa Government approves race separation in universities. [1] May 24 * Anti-American riots breakout in Taipei, Taiwan. [1] * Heavy earthquake strikes Colombia. [1] May 27 * Toronto's 1050 CHUM AM becomes Canada's first radio station to only broadcast a top 40 Rock n' Roll music format. [5] May 28 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] May 29 * Algerian rebels kill 336 collaborators. [1] * George Bacovia [Vasiliu], Romanian poet/composer (Plumb), dies at age 75. [1] * Laos Government of Prince Suvanna Phuma resigns. [1]

118

May 30 * Toivo R Pekkanen, Finnish writer (Black Ecstacy), dies. [1] May 31 * Great Britain performs atmospheric nuclear test at Christmas Island. [1] June 3 * Howard Cosell's first TV show. [1] June 4 * First commercial coal pipeline placed in operation. [1] June 6 * The decision of the Automobile Manufacturers Association (in the USA) to ban race involvement is announced. The ban on racing involvement includes not helping others, not supply pace cars, not publicize any results, not advertise any features of passenger cars that suggest speed. [8] June 7 * Mrs Elizabeth S Kingsley, double-Crostic puzzle creator, dies. [1] June 9 * Anthony Eden resigns as British Prime Minister. [1] June 10 * Harold MacMillan becomes British Prime Minister. [1] * John Diefenbacker (Conservative) elected Prime Minister of Canada. [1] June 11 * Twelve die in a train crash in Vroman, Colombia. [1] June 17 * Tuskegee boycott begins (blacks boycott city stores). [1]

119

June 18 * John Diefenbacker (Conservative) takes office as Prime Minister of Canada. [1] June 19 * Buena Vista releases Disney's live-action feature film Johnny Tremain to theaters in the USA. The film is based on the novel by Esther Forbes. [6] June 21 * Don McBride, actor (Mr Clyde - My Friend Flicka), dies at age 68. [1] June 23 * S B Nicholson discovers asteroid #1647 Menelaus. [1] June 27 * 390 die by Hurricane Audrey in coastal Louisiana and Texas, USA. [1] July 1 * The International Geophysical Year begins. [5] July 2 * First submarine powered by liquid metal cooled reactor completed-the Seawolf. [1] * First submarine designed to fire guided missiles launched, Grayback. [1] July 4 * Judy Tyler, actress (Princess - Howdy Doody), dies at age 24 in car crash. [1] July 8 * Grace Goodhue Coolidge, first lady, dies at age 78. [1] * William Cadbury, chocolate maker, dies at age 89. [1] July 9 * Discovery of element 102 (Nobelium) announced. [1] July 12 * First American President to fly in helicopter-Dwight Eisenhower. [1]

120

July 14 * Soviet steamer Eshghbad sinks in Caspian Sea, drowning 270. [1] July 15 * George Cleveland, actor (Grampa - Lassie), dies at age 74. [1] July 16 * Marine Major John Glenn sets transcontinental speed record (3:28:08). [1] July 19 * First rocket with nuclear warhead fired, Yucca Flat, Nevada, USA. [1] July 20 * Phil Hanna, singer ("Once Upon a Tune"), dies at age 46. [1] July 21 * Bernard Spooner, US inventor of bulletproof jacket, dies. [1] July 25 * Monarchy in Tunisa abolished in favor of a republic. [1] July 26 * USSR launches first intercontinental multistage ballistic missile. [1] July 29 * International Atomic Energy Agency established by United Nations. [1] * Jack Paar's Tonight show premieres. [1] August 1 * First commercial building heated by Sun (Albuquerque, New Mexico). [1] August 5 * American Bandstand debuts on the ABC television network. [1] [5]

121

August 7 * Oliver Hardy, comedian of Laurel and Hardy team, dies at age 65. [1] [5] August 15 * David Simons reaches 30,942 metres in Man High 2 balloon. [1] * USAF Captain Joe B Jordan reaches 31,513 metres in F-104 jet fighter. [1] August 20 * USAF ballon breaks an altitude record at 102,000 feet (310,896 metres). [1] August 26 * USSR announces successful test of intercontinental ballistic missile. [1] August 28 * US Senator Strom Thurmond begins 24-hour filibuster against civil rights bill. [1] August 29 * Strom Thurmond (Senator-Democrat-South Carolina) ends 24 hour filibuster against civil rights. [1] * US Congress passes Civil Rights Act of 1957. [1] August 31 * Malaya (Malaysia) gains independence from Britain (National Day). [1] September 4 * Ford Motor Company introduces the Edsel car. [1] [5] September 8 * Pope Pius XII encyclical On motion pictures, radio, TV. [1] September 9 * Nashville, Tennessee's new Hattie Cotton Elementary School dynamited. [1] September 14 * United Nations resolution deplores and condemns USSR invasion of Hungary. [1]

122

September 15 * Bachelor Father TV show with John Forsythe premieres. [1] September 17 * Scott Crossfield takes X-15 up for first powered flight. [1] September 18 * Wagon Train TV show premieres. [1] September 19 * First underground nuclear explosion (Las Vegas, Nevada). [1] [5] September 20 * Jean Sibelius, Finnish composer, dies at age 91. [1] September 21 * CBS premieres the Perry Mason 60-minute crime drama TV show. [179.777] * Haakon VII, king of Norway, dies, Olaf succeeds him. [1] September 22 * ABC premieres the Maverick 60-minute western TV show. [179.636] September 24 * US President Dwight Eisenhower orders US troops to desegregate Little Rock, Arkansas schools. [1] September 25 * 300 US Army troops guard nine black kids' return to Central High School in Arkansas. [1] * Soviet seven-year plan (1959-1965) announced. [1] September 26 * Dag Hammarskjöld re-elected secretary-general of the United Nations. [1] * Musical West Side Story opens on Broadway. [1] [5]

123

September 28 * Albert Ascoli, Italian who developed anti-tuberculosis vaccine, dies. [1] September 29 * 300 die as express train hits stalled train (Montgomery, West Pakistan). [1] October 1 * B-52 bombers begin full-time flying alert in case of USSR attack. [1] October 4 * Leave It to Beaver debuts on CBS. [1] [249.41] * USSR launches Sputnik I, the first artificial Earth satellite. [1] [249.41] October 8 * Turkish and Syrian border guards exchange fire. [1] October 10 * US President Dwight Eisenhower apologizes to finance minister of Ghana, Komla Agbeli Gbdemah, after he is refused service in a Dover, Delaware, restaurant. [1] * A fire during maintenance operations at the Windscale nuclear reactor in Cumbria, England, results in 11 tonnes of uranium buel burning at up to 1300 degrees C. This is the world's worst atomic accident (until 1979). [189.63] * The ABC TV network debuts the third Disney TV show, Zorro, in the USA. [6] October 11 * US Air Force Colonel Paul Irving "Pappy" Gunn is killed in the crash of a Twin Beech plane in the Philippines. [158.86] October 12 * First commercial flight between California and Antarctica. [1] October 13 * German Democratic Republic recalls the East Mark and issues new currency. [1] October 14

124

* The 1958 model Corvette is introduced in the USA, featuring a complete redesign of the interior and exterior. Most notable exterior change is the dual headlights. [8] October 17 * Britain's Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip visit US White House. [1] * French author Albert Camus awarded Nobel Prize in Literature. [1] October 23 * First test firing of Vanguard satellite launch vehicle, TV-3. [1] October 24 * Christian Dior, French designer, dies at age 52 in Italy. [1] October 26 * USSR fires defense minister, Marshal Georgi Zhukov. [1] * Vatican Radio begins broadcasting. [1] October 29 * A hand grenade explodes in Israel's Knesset (Parliament). [1] * Louis B Mayer, MGM producer, dies at age 71. [1] November 2 * The Levelland UFO Case in Levelland, Texas, USA, generates national publicity. [5] * First titanium mill opened, Toronto, Ohio, USA. [1] November 3 * USSR launches Sputnik 2 with a dog (Laika), first animal in orbit. [1] November 6 * Felix Gaillard becomes premier of France. [1] November 15 * US sentences Soviet spy Rudolf Ivanovich Abel to 30 years and US$3,000 fine. [1] November 25 * US President Dwight Eisenhower suffers a mild stroke, impairing his speech. [1]

125

November 27 * Army withdraws from Little Rock, Arkansas, after Central high school integration. [1] December 1 * Sam Cooke, Buddy Holly, and Crickets debut on The Ed Sullivan Show. [1] December 2 * First US full-scale atomic electric power plant-power generated, Shippingport, Pennsylvania. [1] * Harrison Ford, silent screen actor (Rubber Tires), dies at age 73. [1] * Sam Cooke's song "You Send Me" reaches #1. [1] December 3 * Frank E Gannett, newspaper publisher, dies at age 81. [1] December 4 * First edition of Chase's Annual Events published. [1] * Two commuter trains collide in heavy fog killing 92 (Saint John's, England). [1] December 5 * New York City becomes first city to legislate against racial or religious discrimination in housing market (Fair Housing Practices Law). [1] December 6 * First US attempt to launch a satellite fails-Vanguard rocket blows up. [1] * AFL-CIO votes to expel Teamsters (readmitted in October 1987). [1] * Indonesia begins nationalizing Dutch possessions. [1] December 8 * Reginald Sheffield, actor (Second Chance), dies at age 55. [1] December 9 * First Japanese ambassador to Israel. [1] * Carswell Adams, sportscaster (Your Sports Special), dies. [1]

126

December 12 * Jerry Lee Lewis weds his cousin Myra Gale Brown, 13, while still married to his first wife, Jane Mitcham. [1] * Major Adrian Drew flies 1,943 kph in F-101 Voodoo. [1] * Robert Frank Kurka, composer, dies at age 35. [1] * US announces manufacture of Borazon (harder than diamond). [1] December 14 * Most Happy Fella closes at Imperial Theater in New York City after 678 performances. [1] December 17 * Dorothy Leigh Sayers [Atherton Fleming], author (Whose body), dies at age 64. [1] * US successfully test-fires Atlas intercontinental ballistic missile. [1] December 19 * The Music Man, starring Robert Preston, opens at Majestic Theater in New York City for 1375 performances. [1] * John W Van Druten, US stage/screenwriter (I Remember Mama), dies at age 56. [1] December 21 * Eric Coates, composer, dies at age 71. [1] * Indonesia proclaims end to state of war. [1] December 24 * Norma Talmadge, US actress (sign on bay), dies at age 60. [1] December 25 * Ed Gein is judged insane and committed to Waupan State Hospital for a life sentence for the murders of Mary Hogan and Bernice Worden. [1] * Frederick Law Olmsted, US architect (Central Park), dies at age 87. [1] * Buena Vista releases Disney's live-action film Old Yeller to theaters. The film is based on the book by Fred Gipson. [6] December 26 * Artur Malawski, composer, dies at age 53. [1] December 27

127

* Alan Bridge, actor (Hail the Conquering Hero), dies at age 66. [1] December 28 * USSR performs atmospheric nuclear test. [1] December 30 * Israeli government of Ben-Gurion resigns. [1] December 31 * Disneyland in Anaheim, California, welcomes its 10-millionth guest. [6]

128

1958 January 1 * BOAC Britannia flies London to New York in a record 7 hours 57 minutes. [1] * David Broekman, musician (Think Fast), dies at age 55. [1] * Starting date of the European Economic Community (EEC Common Market) (France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Belgium, Netherlands). [1] [37] January 3 * Edmund Hillary reaches South Pole overland. [1] January 4 * Sputnik 1 re-enters Earth's atmosphere from its orbit and burns up. [1] [5] * Waverley John Anderson of Scotland, Viscount/Governor of Bengal, dies at age 75. [1] January 6 * Bollingen Prize for poetry awarded to E.E. Cummings. [1] * Gibson patents the Flying V Guitar. [1] * Josephine, princess of Belgium/nun, dies at age 85. [1] January 7 * Dr Petru Groza, premier of Romania, dies at age 74. [1] * USSR shrinks army to 300,000. [1] January 8 * Cuban revolutionary forces capture Havana. [1] January 9 * Paul Fechter, German writer/historian (God's Magician), dies. [1] January 10 * Charles de Trooz, Belgian writer, dies at age 52. [1] * Jerry Lee Lewis' "Great Balls of Fire" reaches #1 on the country and R&B charts, #2 on the pop chart. [1] January 11

129

* Alec Rowley, composer, dies at age 65. [1] January 12 * Arthur Shepherd, composer, dies at age 77. [1] January 13 * 9,000 scientists of 43 nations petition United Nations for nuclear test ban. [1] * Edna Purviance, actress (Charlie Chaplin, Sunnyside), dies at age 61. [1] * John Lindeboom; Dutch vicar/church historian, dies at age 75. [1] * US newspaper Daily Worker ceases publication. [1] January 23 * Dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez flees Venezuela; Larrazábal takes power. [1] January 24 * After warming to 100,000,000 degrees, two light atoms are bashed together to create a heavier atom, resulting in first man-made nuclear fusion. [1] January 26 * H Laskow replaces Moshe Dayan as Israeli minister of Defense. [1] January 27 * Ferenc Münnich follows Kádár as premier of Hungary. [1] January 28 * Construction begins on first private thorium-uranium nuclear reactor. [1] January 29 * Murderer, Charles Starkweather, captured by police in Wyoming, USA. [1] January 30 * First two-way moving sidewalk in service, Dallas, Texas. [1] * Earnest H Heinkel, German airplane builder (WWII), dies at age 70. [1] * British House of Lords passes bill allowing women in. [1] January 31

130

* Jackpot Bowling premieres on NBC with Leo Durocher as host. [1] * James van Allen discovers radiation belt. [1] * US launches their first artificial satellite, Explorer 1. [1] February 1 * Egypt and Syria announce plans to merge into United Arab Republic. [1] February 2 * Syria joins Egypt in United Arab Republic. [1] February 3 * Henry Kuttner, sci-fi author (Dark World, As You Were), dies at age 42. [1] * Johannes F Buziau, Dutch cabaret performer, dies at age 81. [1] February 4 * Frederik de Merode, Belgian prince, dies at age 46. [1] February 5 * Gamel Abdel Nasser nominated first President of United Arab Republic. [1] * Henry M Tomlinson, British writer (Under red ensign), dies at age 84. [1] * Vanguard TV-3 back-up launches into Earth orbit; reaches 6 km. [1] * A hydrogen bomb known as the Tybee Bomb is lost by the US Air Force off the coast of Savannah, Georgia, never to be recovered. [5] February 7 * Dutch auto-transmission car DAF 600 introduced. [1] * Walter Kingsford, actor (My Favorite Blonde, Fly by Night), dies at age 76. [1] February 8 * Edgar Whitehead succeeds Garfield Todd as premier of South Rhodesia. [1] * French planes bomb Sakiet, Tunisia; 75 die. [1] February 10 * Billy Vine, actor (54th Street Revue), dies at age 42. [1] February 11 * Ruth Carol Taylor is first African-American woman hired as flight attendant. [1]

131

February 12 * General Miguel Ydegoras Fuentes elected President of Guatemala. [1] * Marcel Cachin, first communist French senator, dies at age 88. [1] February 13 * Georges Rouault, French painter (Christ aux outrages), dies at age 86. [1] February 14 * Arab Federation of Iraq and Jordan forms. [1] February 15 * Sjafroeddin Prawiranegara forms anti-government of Middle Sumatra. [1] February 17 * Comic strip "BC" first appears. [1] February 20 * Thurston Hall, actor (Mr Schuyler - Topper), dies at age 75. [1] February 21 * Egypt-Syria as United Arab Republic elect Gamal Abdel Nasser President (99.9 percent vote). [1] February 22 * Egypt and Syria form United Arab Republic (UAR). [1] * Indonesian air force bombs Padang, Sumatra/Menado, Celebes. [1] * Michael Todd, film magnate, killed in a New Mexico air crash. [1] February 23 * Five-time world driving champion Juan Fangio kidnapped by Cuban rebels. [1] * Arturo Frondizi elected President of Argentina. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya. [1] February 24 * Fernand Baldensperger [Fernand Baldenne], French poet, dies at age 86. [1]

132

February 27 * Harry Cohn, CEO (Columbia Pictures), dies of a heart attack. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya. [1] March 1 * Giacomo Balla, Italian painter, dies at age 86. [1] March 2 * First surface crossing of Antarctic continent is completed in 99 days. [1] * Yemen announces it will join the United Arab Republic. [1] March 3 * Nuri ash Said becomes premier of Iraq. [1] March 4 * Albert Kuyle [Lou Kuitenbrouwer], writer (Jesus' Carpet), dies at age 54. [1] March 5 * Explorer 2 fails to reach Earth orbit. [1] March 8 * Josephina OFF "Frieda" Herberich, actress (Salontiroler), dies at age 85. [1] * William Faulkner says US schools degenerated to become babysitters. [1] March 11 * Charles Van Doren finally loses on TV game show 21. [1] March 12 * British Empire Day is renamed "Commonwealth Day". [1] * Princess Ingeborg of Sweden dies at age 79. [1] March 13 * Government troops land in Sumatra, Indonesia. [1] March 14

133

* Eugeen Van de Velde, Flemish musicologist/critic/composer, dies at age 64. [1] * RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America) is created and certifies first gold record (Perry Como's "Catch A Falling Star"). [1] * South Africa government disallows African National Congress. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * USSR performs atmospheric nuclear test. [1] March 15 * USSR performs atmospheric nuclear test. [1] March 17 * Navy launches Vanguard 1 into orbit (second US), measures Earth shape. [1] March 19 * Britain's first planetarium opens at Madame Tussaud's in London. [1] March 20 * 50 inches of snow falls across the American Mason-Dixon line. [1] * Greek Clandestine Burasi Bizim Radio (communist), Voice of Truth first transmission. [1] March 21 * First presentation of West Point's Sylvanus Thayer Award. [1] * Cyril M Kornbluth, American sci-fi writer (Space Merchants), dies at age 34. [1] * USSR performs atmospheric nuclear test. [1] March 22 * Faisal succeeds Saudi as king of Saudi-Arabia. [1] * Michael Todd, producer (Around the World in 80 Days), dies at age 56. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya. [1] March 23 * Florian Znaniecki, Polish/US sociologist/philosopher, dies at age 76. [1] March 25 * Canada's Avro Arrow makes its debut flight. [5] * Emerson Whithorne, composer, dies at age 73. [1]

134

* West German parliament desires German atomic weapons. [1] March 26 * 30th Academy Awards - Bridge on the River Kwai, Alec Guinness, and Joanne Woodward win. [1] * US Army launches America's third successful satellite, "Explorer III". [1] March 27 * CBS Labs announces new stereophonic records. [1] * Nikita Khrushchev becomes Soviet premier and first Secretary of Communist Party. [1] March 28 * W[illiam] C[hristopher] Handy, US conductor/composer (Saint Louis Blues), dies at age 84. [1] March 31 * The Grand Canyon Diorama attraction opens in Disneyland, part of the Santa Fe and Disneyland Railroad. At 306 feet long, it is the world's longest seamless hand-woven canvas. [6] * US Navy forms atomic submarine division. [1] * USSR suspends nuclear weapons tests, and urges US and Britain to do same. [1] April 1 * Marshal Boelganin becomes director of Russian Staatsbank. [1] April 2 * Antillean Brewery (Amstel beer) opens. [1] * American National Advisory Council on Aeronautics renamed NASA. [1] * Wind speed reaches 450 kph in tornado in Wichita Falls, Texas, USA (record). [1] April 3 * Fidel Castro's rebels attack Havana, Cuba. [1] * Theodor Kramer, writer, dies. [1] April 4 * First march against nuclear weapons (Aldermaston, England). [1] * Hendrik Heyman, Belgian minister of Nijverheid/mayor, dies at age 78. [1]

135

April 5 * Jozef Brems, Flemish apostole vicar of Denmark, dies at age 87. [1] April 7 * Judge Jackson, composer, dies at age 75. [1] * Klimenty Arkad'yevich Korchmaryov, composer, dies at age 58. [1] April 10 * Chuck Willis, rocker, dies at age 30. [1] * Northern strip of Spanish Sahara ceded to Morocco. [1] April 13 * 12th Tony Awards: Sunrise at Campobello and Music Man win. [1] April 14 * Sputnik 2 (with dog Laika) burns up in atmosphere. [1] April 15 * In Hollywood, California, the 10th Annual Emmy Awards are presented, hosted by Danny Thomas. o Best Comedy Series: The Phil Silvers Show o Best Comedy Writing: The Phil Silvers Show o Best Continuing Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Dramatic or Comedy Series: Robert Young for Father Knows Best o Best Continuing Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Dramatic or Comedy Series: Jane Wyatt for Father Knows Best o Best Continuing Supporting Performance by an Actor in a Dramatic or Comedy Series: Carl Reiner for Caesar's Hour o Best Continuing Supporting Performance by an Actress in a Dramatic or Comedy Series: Ann B. Davis for The Bob Cummings Show o Best Dramatic Series with Continuing Characters: Gunsmoke o Best Musical, Variety, Audience Participation or Quiz Series: The Dinah Shore Chevy Show o Best New Program Series of the Year: The Seven Lively Arts o Best Public Service Program or Series: Omnibus o Best Single Performance By An Actor Lead or Supporting: Peter Ustinov for Omnibus o Best Single Performance By An Actress Lead or Supporting: Polly Bergen for Playhouse 90.

136

[1] [173] April 16 * French government of Gaillard falls due to Tunisia crisis. [1] April 17 * Brussel's (Belgium) World Fair opens. [1] April 18 * Government troops reconquer Padang, Middle-Sumatra, Indonesia. [1] * Maurice-Gustave Gamelin, French Generalissmo (WWI, WWII), dies at age 85. [1] * Richard B Goldschmidt, German zoologist (butterflies), dies. [1] April 20 * Morocco demands departure of Spanish troops. [1] April 26 * Johan N C "Joan" Collette, painter, dies at age 68. [1] April 28 * Great Britain performs atmospheric nuclear test at Christmas Island. [1] * Vanguard TV-5 launched for Earth orbit (failed). [1] * US Vice President Richard Nixon begins goodwill tour of Latin America. [1] May 1 * Ambonese rebellion bombed Ambon/conquer Morotai. [1] * Arturo Frondizi sworn in as President of Argentina. [1] May 2 * Alfred Weber, German economist/sociologist, dies at age 89. [1] May 3 * WINS suspends Alan Freed for causing a riot in Boston; he quits. [1] May 4 * Alberto Lleras Camargo chosen President of Colombia. [1]

137

May 5 * Pulitzer prize awarded to James Agee for Death in the Family. [1] * US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Enwetak. [1] May 7 * Major Howard Johnson, USAF, sets aircraft altitude record in F-104 (Lockheed Starfighter), 27,810 metres. [1] * Nyogen Senzaki, first Zen teacher to reside in USA, dies at age 81. [1] May 8 * Nasni Matni, Lebanese journalist, murdered. [1] * US President Dwight Eisenhower orders National Guard out of Central High School, Little Rock, Arkansas. [1] * Vice President Richard Nixon is shoved, stoned, booed and spat upon by protesters in Peru. [1] May 9 * Bill Goodwin, TV announcer (Burns and Allen), dies at age 47. [1] * Botvinnik recaptures world chess championship. [1] May 11 * US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Bikini Island. [1] * US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Enwetak. [1] May 12 * US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Enwetak. [1] May 13 * French settlers riot against French army in Algeria. [1] * Jordan and Iraq form the Arab Federation. [1] * Pierre Pflimlin forms French Government. [1] * Rioters attack US Vice President Richard Nixon in Venezuala. [1] May 15 * USSR launches Sputnik III. [1] May 16

138

* Eli Beeding experiences 83 G deceleration on a rocket sled, New Mexico, USA. [1] * Jeroom Verten [Jozef F Vermetten], Flemish playwright, dies at age 49. [1] * Walter Irwin flies 2,259 KPH in F-104A Starfighter. [1] May 17 * Emergency crisis proclaimed in Algeria. [1] May 19 * South Pacific movie soundtrack album goes to number one and stays for 31 weeks. [1] * Bruno Sturmer, composer, dies at age 65. [1] * Ronald Colman, British actor (Prisoner of Zenda), dies at age 67. [1] * US and Canada form North American Air Defense Command (NORAD). [1] May 20 * US performs nuclear test at Enwetak (atmospheric tests). [1] May 21 * Indonesian paratroopers reconquer Morotai Island. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Bikini Island (atmospheric tests). [1] May 22 * Magdalene Székely-Lulofs, author (Our Italian Employees), dies at age 58. [1] May 23 * Explorer 1 ceases transmission. [5] * Mao Tse Tung starts "Great leap forward" movement in China. [1] May 24 * New Girl in Town closes at 46th Steet Theater in New York City after 432 performances. [1] * Cuban President Batista opens offensive against Fidel Castro's rebellion. [1] * UP and International News Service merge into United Press International. [1] May 26 * Ceylon emergency crisis proclaimed. [1] * Francis Carco(pino), French author/critic (L'homme traqué), dies at age 71. [1]

139

* US performs nuclear test at Enwetak (atmospheric tests). [1] May 27 * The F-4 Phantom II first flies. [5] * Ainslie Pryor, actor (Adventures of Hiram Holiday), dies at age 46. [1] * Samuel Stritch, US cardinal/archbishop (Chicago), dies. [1] * Vanguard SLV-1 launched for Earth orbit (failed). [1] May 28 * French Government of Pflimlin resigns; 200,000 demonstrate against Charles de Gaulle. [1] * Mikulas Schneider-Trvavsky, composer, dies at age 77. [1] May 29 * Juan Ramón Jiménez, Spanish poet (Nobel Prize 1956), dies at age 76. [1] May 30 * US performs nuclear test at Enwetak (atmospheric tests). [1] * Unidentified American soldiers killed in WWII and Korean War buried in Arlington, Virginia, USA. [1] May 31 * Dick Dale invents "surf music" with "Let's Go Trippin". [1] * US performs nuclear test at Bikini Island (atmospheric tests). [1] June 1 * Charles de Gaulle becomes premier of France. [1] June 26 * Vanguard SLV-2 launched for Earth orbit (failed). [1] June 27 * Billy Pierce's perfect game bid broken with two outs in 9th. [1] July 1 * The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation links television broadcasting across Canada via microwave. [5]

140

* Dr Harry Nicholls Holmes, crystallized vitamin A, dies at age 78. [1] July 3 * The Andy Williams Show premieres on ABC. [1] July 10 * First parking meter installed in England (625 installed). [1] July 14 * Iraqi army overthrows monarchy; republic replaces Hashemite dynasty. [1] * King Faisal II, Prime Minister of Iraq, assassinated at Baghdad. [1] July 15 * Julia Lennon, mother of The Beatles' John, dies in an auto accident. [1] * US President Dwight Eisenhower sends US troops to Lebanon; they stay three months. [1] July 19 * Robert Earl Hughes, weighed 1,041 pounds (473 kg), dies at age 32. [1] July 23 * First four women named to peerage in House of Lords. [1] July 25 * "Sensational" Sherri Martel wins wrestling's WWF woman's title. [1] July 26 * Army launches fourth US successful satellite, Explorer IV. [1] July 29 * US President Dwight Eisenhower signs NASA and Space Act of 1958. [1] [229.91] August 3 * American nuclear submarine USS Nautilus begins first crossing of Arctic Ocean under icecap. [1] [5]

141

August 4 * Dumont TV Network crumbles. [1] August 14 * Gladys L Presley, mother of Elvis Presley, dies at age 46. [1] * KLM Superconstellation crashes west of Ireland, killing 99. [1] * Mary Ritter Beard; American historian, dies at age 82. [1] August 17 * World's first Moon probe, USA's Thor-Able, explodes 77 seconds after launch. [1] [245.4] August 18 * Fidel Castro makes a speech on Cuban pirate radio Rebelde. [1] * Great Britain issues regional stamps (Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales). [1] * Lolita book by Vladimir Nabokov is published. [1] * TV game show scandal investigation starts. [1] August 19 * NAACP Youth Council begin sit-ins at Oklahoma City Lunch counters. [1] August 21 * Walter Schumann, choral director (Ford Show), dies at age 44. [1] August 23 * Marie Ashton completes playing piano a female record 133 hours. [1] August 27 * Dr Ernest O Lawrence, inventor (Cyclotron-Nobel Prize 1939), dies at age 57. [1] August 29 * Air Force Academy opens. [1] September 1

142

* As of this date, all cars produced in the United States must have a manufacturer's label attached to a window displaying options and prices, transport and freight charges, and manufacturer's suggested retail price. [8] September 5 * Doctor Zhivago book by Boris Pasternak published in the US. [1] * First color video recording on magnetic tape presented, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA. [1] September 8 * Oman turns over Gwadur (on Bal£chistán coast) to Pakistan. [1] September 12 * At Texas Instruments in the USA, Jack Kilby demonstrates the world's first integrated circuit, containing five components on a piece of germanium half an inch long and thinner than a toothpick. [4] September 14 * German engineer Ernst Mohr's two rockets - the first German post-war rockets reach the upper atmosphere. [5] September 15 * Commuter train crashes through drawbridge, killing 48 (Newark, New Jersey). [1] September 20 * Martin Luther King Jr stabbed in chest by a deranged black woman in New York City. [1] September 21 * First airplane flight exceeding 1200 hours, lands in Dallas, Texas, USA. [1] September 24 * First welded aluminum girder highway bridge completed, Urbandale, Iowa. [1] September 28 * Guinea votes for independence from France. [1]

143

October 1 * Britain transfers Christmas Island (south of Java) to Australia. [1] * Inauguration of NASA. [1] [249.41] * Vanguard Project transferred from military to NASA. [1] October 2 * Guinea gains independence from France (National Day). [1] October 3 * CBS resumes airing The Jackie Gleason Show 30-minute comedy variety series. [179.485] October 4 * 5th French republic established. [1] * Transatlantic commercial jet passenger service begins (BOAC). Travel time is reduced from six days to six hours. [1] [260.78] October 7 * Potter Stewart appointed to US Supreme Court. [1] * US manned space-flight project renamed Project Mercury. [1] October 9 * Pope Pius XII dies, 19 years after elevation to the papacy. [1] October 11 * Second US Moon probe, Pioneer 1, reaches 113,810 km, falls back. [1] October 12 * Ed Hinton, actor (Henderson - I Lived Three Lives), dies at age 30. [1] October 14 * Malagasy Republic becomes autonomous republic in French Community. [1] October 15 * John Hamilton, actor (Perry White - Superman), dies at age 61. [1]

144

October 23 * Soviet novelist Boris Pasternak wins Nobel Prize for Literature. [1] * USSR lends money to United Arab Republic to build Aswan High Dam. [1] October 26 * Pan American Airways makes the first commercial flight of the Boeing 707, from New York to Paris. [1] [5] October 28 * Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli is elected Pope, taking the name John XXIII. [1] November 15 * Tyrone Power, actor, dies of a heart attack at age 44. [1] November 18 * First true reservoir in Jerusalem opens. [1] November 24 * Mali becomes an autonomous state within French Community. [1] November 25 * Charles F Kettering, invented auto self-starter, dies at age 82. [1] * Senegal becomes an autonomous state in the French Community. [1] November 27 * USSR abrogates Allied war-time agreements on control of Germany. [1] November 28 * Chad becomes an autonomous republic within the French community. [1] * Congo and Mauritania become autonomous members of French Community. [1] November 30 * First guided missile destroyer launched, Dewey, in Bath, Maine, USA. [1] December 1

145

* Flower Drum Song opens at Saint James Theater in New York City for 602 performances. [1] * In Chicago, Illinois, Our Lady of Angels School burns, killing 92 students and three nuns. [1] * Harley Earl retires from General Motors Styling department, replaced by Bill Mitchell. [8] December 2 * Benelux treaty signed by Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg. [1] December 3 * Indonesian parliament accepts nationalisation of Dutch businesses. [1] December 4 * Dahomey (Benin) and Ivory Coast become autonomous within French Community. [1] * Finnish government of Fagerholm resigns. [1] December 5 * Ferdinand Bruckner, writer, dies at age 67. [1] December 6 * Erwin Bodky, composer, dies at age 62. [1] * US lunar probe Pioneer 3 reaches 107,269 km, falls back. [1] December 7 * Rómulo Bétancourt elected President of Venezuela. [1] December 9 * Robert H W Welch Jr and 11 other men meet in Indianapolis, Indiana to form the anti-Communist John Birch Society. [1] December 10 * First domestic (New York-Miami) passenger jet flight-National 707 flies 111 passengers. [1] * Juliane Gabriels, Flemish physician, dies at age 72. [1] December 11

146

* 4th (last) Dutch government of Drees falls. [1] * Upper Volta gains autonomy from France. [1] December 12 * Dutch social democratic party-ministers/premier Drees dismissed. [1] December 13 * Ahmed Mukhtar Baban, premier of Iraq, executed. [1] * Barhanuddin Bashajan, Iraqi minister of Foreign affairs, executed. [1] * Rafiq Aref Iraqi, chief-staff Arabs Statenbond, executed. [1] * Brand Dirck Ochse, film/bioscope pioneer (Polygoon), dies at age 66. [1] * Tim Moore, actor (Kingfish - "Amos 'n' Andy"), dies at age 70. [1] December 14 * The 3rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition becomes the first to reach The Pole of Relative Inaccessibility in the Antarctic. [5] December 16 * Bogotá, Colombia, warehouse fire kills 82. [1] December 18 * First test project of Signal Communications by Orbiting Relay Equipment. [1] * Niger gains autonomy within French Community (National Day). [1] December 19 * First radio broadcast from space (recorded Christmas message by President Eisenhower: "To all mankind, America's wish for Peace on Earth and Good Will to Men Everywhere"). [1] December 21 * Charles De Gaulle wins seven-year term as first President of 5th Republic of France. [1] * H[arry] B[yron] Warner, actor (Ten Commandments, New Moon), dies at age 83. [1] December 22 * "Chipmunk Song" reaches #1. [1] * Second Dutch Beel government forms. [1]

147

* Fjodor W Gladkow, Russian author (Cement), dies at age 75. [1] * Lion Feuchtwanger, German/US philosopher (Jüdische Krieg, Der falsche Nero), dies at age 74. [1] December 23 * Abdallah Ibrahim forms government of Morocco. [1] December 25 * Alan Freed's Christmas Rock and Roll Spectacular opens. [1] December 26 * Harry Redman, composer, dies on 89th birthday. [1] December 29 * Doris Humphrey, US dancer/choreographer (Dances of Women), dies at age 63. [1] * TV soap Young Dr Malone debuts. [1] December 30 * French franc devalued. [1] December 31 * Gustav Hermann Unger, composer, dies at age 72. [1] * International Geophyscial Year ends. [1]

148

1959 January 1 * Castro leads Cuba to victory as Fulgencio Batista flees to Dominican Republic. [1] * Chad becomes autonomous republic in French Community. [1] * Highway 91 in Nevada is officially renamed Las Vegas Boulevard. [187.397] January 3 * Alaska becomes the 49th US state. [1] [129] January 4 * Luna 1 (Mechta) becomes first spacecraft to leave Earth's gravity and reach the vicinity of the Moon. [1] [5] January 5 * Bozo the Clown live children's show premieres on TV. [1] * Buddy Holly releases his last record "It Doesn't Matter". [1] January 6 * Jose Enrique Pedreira, composer, dies at age 54. [1] January 7 * US recognizes Fidel Castro's Cuban government. [1] January 8 * Charles de Gaulle inaugurated as President of France's 5th Republic. [1] January 9 * Rawhide with Clint Eastwood premieres on CBS TV. [1] * Dam across Tera River collapses after heavy winter rains, 135 die. [1] * Paul Malengreau, composer, dies at age 71. [1] January 11 * Bollingen Prize for poetry awarded to Theodore Roethke. [1] * Dr Mohammed Zakaria Ghonein, discoverer of 6,000-year-old pyramid, dies. [1] January 13

149

* French president Charles de Gaulle grants amnesty to 130 Algerian death row convicts. [1] * King Boudouin promises Belgian Congo independence. [1] January 20 * Carl Switzer, actor (Alfalfa - Our Gang), shot to death at age 31. [1] January 21 * Cecil B[lount] de Mille, producer (Ten Commandments), dies at age 77. [1] * Lamar Stringfield, composer, dies at age 61. [1] January 22 * A J Else Mauhs, German/Dutch actress (Hamlet, Nora), dies at age 73. [1] * USAF concludes less than 1 percent of UFOs are unknown objects. [1] January 25 * First transcontinental commercial jet flight (American Airlines) (Los Angeles to New York for US$301). [1] * Pope John XXIII proclaims second Vatican council. [1] January 26 * Italy government of Fanfani resigns. [1] January 28 * Joseph Sprinzak, Speaker of Israel Knesset (1949-59), dies at age 73. [1] * Viktor Joseph Keldorfer, composer, dies at age 85. [1] January 29 * Buena Vista premieres Disney's animated feature film Sleeping Beauty at the Fox Wilshire Theater in Los Angeles, California. The film is based on Charles Perrault's version of the story of Sleeping Beauty. [6] January 30 * The ABC TV network airs the Walt Disney Presents TV show, entitled The Peter Tchaikovsky Story. The show is the first stereophonic broadcast of a television program. In some cities, one channel is transmitted on an AM radio station, the other channel on an FM station. [6]

150

February 1 * Swiss males vote against voting rights for women. [1] * Texas Instruments requests patent of integrated circuit. [1] February 2 * Buddy Holly's last performance. [1] February 3 * American Airlines' Electra crashes in New York's East River, killing 65. [1] * Buddy Holly, rocker ("That'll be the Day"), dies in a plane crash in Iowa at age 22. [1] * Richie Valens, rock vocalist ("Donna", "La Bamba"), killed in plane crash in Iowa at age 17. [1] * The Big Bopper [Jiles Perry Richardson], rocker ("Chantilly Lace"), dies in a plane crash in Iowa at age 28. [1] February 4 * Israel begins exporting copper ore. [1] * Una O'Connor, actress (Banjo, Invisible Man), dies at age 78. [1] February 5 * Redhead opens at 46th Steet Theater in New York City for 455 performances. [1] * Gwili Andre, actress (No Other Woman, Roar of the Dragon), dies. [1] February 6 * US first successful Titan intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). [1] February 7 * Castro proclaims new Cuban constitution. [1] * Cessna jet lands in Las Vegas after 65 days without landing (refuels in air). [1] * Daniel F Malan, premier of South Africa (1948-54), dies at age 84. [1] * Eddie "Guitar Slim" Jones, rocker, dies at age 32. [1] February 8 * William J "Wild Bill" Donovan, Office Strategic Services, dies at age 76. [1] February 10

151

* Dutch Princess Wilhelmina publishes Lonely, but not alone. [1] * Tornado in Saint Louis kills 19 and injures 265. [1] February 12 * George Antheil, US pianist/composer (Ballet Mécanique), dies at age 58. [1] February 13 * Miro Cardon, premier of Cuba, resigns. [1] * William L Axt, composer, dies at age 70. [1] February 14 * US$3.6 million heroin seizure in New York City, New York. [1] February 15 * Antonio Segni forms Italian government. [1] * Owen W Richardson; English physicist (Nobel Prize 1928), dies at age 69. [1] February 16 * Fidel Castro names himself Cuba's premier after overthrowing Batista. [1] February 17 * First weather satellite launched, Vanguard 2, 9.8 kg. [1] * Kathryn Adams, actress (Meet the Chump, 5th Avenue Girl), dies. [1] February 18 * Alfred Alessandrescu, composer, dies at age 65. [1] * Eric Zeisl, composer, dies at age 53. [1] * Jaroslav Kvapil, composer, dies at age 66. [1] February 19 * Britain, Turkey and Greece sign agreement granting Cyprus independence. [1] * Gabon adopts its constitution. [1] * USAF rocket-powered rail sled attains Mach 4.1 (4970 kph), New Mexico. [1] February 20 * Ray McDonald, dancer, dies of barbiturate overdose at age 38. [1]

152

February 22 * Helen Parrish, actress (Hour Glass), dies of cancer at age 36. [1] February 28 * Launch of Discoverer 1 (WTR)-first polar orbit. [1] * Maxwell Anderson, US dramatist (Key Largo, Bad Seed), dies at age 70. [1] March 1 * Archbishop Makarios returns to Cyprus after three years. [1] March 2 * Eric Blore, actor (Abie's Irish Rose, Love Happy), dies at age 70. [1] * Yrlö Henrik Kilpinen, Finnish composer, dies at age 67. [1] March 3 * First US probe to enter solar orbit, Pioneer 4, is launched. [1] * British government arrests Hastings Banda of Nyasaland, ends emergency crisis. [1] * Lou Costello, comedian (Abbott and Costello), dies at age 52. [1] March 4 * US Pioneer IV misses Moon and becomes second (US first) artificial planet. [1] March 5 * Iran and US sign economic and military treaty. [1] March 6 * Farthest radio signal heard (Pioneer IV, 400,000 miles). [1] * Fred Stone, actor (Hideaway, Westerner), dies at age 85. [1] March 7 * Bells Are Ringing closes at Shubert Theater in New York City after 925 performances. [1] * First aviator to fly a million miles in a jet (MC Garlow). [1] * Arthur C Pigou, English economist (Economics of Welfare), dies. [1] * Hinsdale Smith, developer of roll-down auto windows, dies at age 88. [1]

153

March 8 * Abdel Wahab Shawwaf, Iraqi Colonel/putschist, murdered. [1] * Groucho, Chico and Harpo's final TV appearance together. [1] * Pro-Egyptian coup fails in Mosul, Iraq. [1] March 9 * First known radar contact is made with Venus. [1] * Mattel's Barbie, the popular girls' doll, debuts. [1] March 10 * Uprising against Chinese occupation force in Lhasa, Tibet. [1] March 11 * Haydn Wood, composer, dies at age 76. [1] * Teddy Scholten wins Eurovision Song festival with "A Little Bit". [1] March 12 * Dutch Liberal Party wins second parliamentary elections. [1] * US House joins Senate approving Hawaii statehood. [1] March 15 * Robert Foster sets record by staying underwater 13 minutes 42.5 seconds. [1] March 16 * Iraq and USSR sign economic/technical treaty. [1] * John Sailling, last documented Civil War veteran, dies at age 111. [1] March 17 * Australia and USSR restore diplomatic relations. [1] * Dalai Lama flees Tibet for India. [1] * Raffaele d' Alessandro, composer, dies on 48th birthday. [1] March 18 * President Dwight D Eisenhower signs Hawaii statehood bill. [1] March 19

154

* Buena Vista releases Disney's live-action feature film The Shaggy Dog to theaters. This is Disney's first live-action comedy film. The film is based on the novel The Hound of Florence by Felix Salten. [6] March 24 * Iraq withdraws from the Baghdad Pact. [1] March 25 * Billy Mayerl, composer, dies at age 56. [1] * French President Charles de Gaulle acknowledges Oder-Neisse boundary. [1] March 26 * Raymond T Chandler, US detective writer (Long Goodbye), dies at age 71. [1] March 27 * Grant Withers, actor (Oklahoma Annie), dies of suicide with sleeping pills at age 54. [1] March 28 * Eleven days after Tibet uprising, China dissolves Tibet's government and installs Panchen Lama. [1] March 29 * Film Some Like it Hot with Marilyn Monroe and Jack Lemmon premieres. [1] * Barthelemy Boganda, Central African Republic's first President, dies. [1] * Sara Wennerberg-Reuter, composer, dies at age 84. [1] March 31 * Dalai Lama flees China and is granted political asylum in India. [1] * Peter Suhrkamp, German publisher (Suhrkamp Verlag), dies at age 68. [1] April 2 * Benjamin Christensen, Danish actor (Barnet, Mockery), dies at age 79. [1] April 4 * Federation of Mali, consisting of Senegal and French Sudan, is founded (dissolved 1960). [1]

155

April 6 * 31st Academy Awards: Gigi, Susan Hayward, and David Niven win. [1] April 7 * Oklahoma ends prohibition, after 51 years. [1] * Radar first bounced off sun, from Stanford, California. [1] April 8 * Gustave Charlier, Belgian literature historian, dies. [1] April 9 * Frank Lloyd Wright, US architect (Guggenheim Museum, New York), dies at age 89. [1] * NASA names first seven astronauts for Project Mercury. [1] April 10 * Japan's Crown Prince Akihito marries commoner Michiko Shoda. [1] April 11 * Jamaica closes at Imperial Theater in New York City after 558 performances. [1] * Dutch prince Bernhard visits Lockheed factory. [1] April 12 * 13th Tony Awards: J B and Redhead win. [1] * Ernest Willem Mulder, composer, dies at age 60. [1] * France Observator reports torture practice by French army in Algeria. [1] April 13 * Eduard A van Beinum, Dutch musician/conductor, dies at age 57. [1] * Rigardus "Rijn" Rijnhout, Giant of Rotterdam (2.375 metres tall), dies at age 38. [1] * USAF launches Discoverer II into polar orbit. [1] * Vanguard SLV-5 launched for Earth orbit (failed). [1] * Vatican edict forbids Roman Catholics from voting for communists. [1] April 15 * Fidel Castro begins US goodwill tour. [1]

156

* US Secretary of State John Foster Dulles resigns. [1] April 16 * Datu Abdul Rozak inaugurated as premier of Malaysia federation. [1] April 18 * Irving Cummings Senior, actor/director (In Old Arizona), dies at age 70. [1] April 19 * Uprising in La Paz, Bolivia, fails. [1] April 21 * Alf Dean (using a rod and reel) hooks a 2,664 pound, 16 foot 10 inch great white shark (largest fish ever caught on a rod). [1] April 23 * Destry Rides Again opens at Imperial Theater in New York City for 472 performances. [1] * First heliport in Britain opens in London. [1] April 24 * Jef van Hoof, composer, dies at age 72. [1] April 25 * The St. Lawrence Seaway, linking the North American Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean, officially opens to shipping. [1] [5] April 26 * Cuba invades Panamá. [1] April 27 * Today show goes abroad for the first time (Paris, France). [1] * Gordon Armstrong, inventor of baby incubator, dies. [1] * Liu Sjau-chi elected President of People's Rebublic of China. [1] April 30

157

* Armand Louis Joseph Marsick, composer, dies at age 81. [1] May 1 * Oscar Torp, Norwegian premier, dies. [1] * West Germany introduces five-day work week. [1] May 2 * Yrlö Henrik Kilpinen, Finnish composer, dies at age 67. [1] May 4 * First Grammy Awards: Perry Como and Ella Fitzgerald win. [1] * Pulitzer prize awarded to Archibald Macleish (JB). [1] May 6 * In Hollywood, California, the 11th Annual Emmy Awards are presented, hosted by Raymond Burr. o Best Comedy Series: The Jack Benny Program o Best Continuing Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Jack Benny for The Jack Benny Program and Robert Young for Father Knows Best o Best Continuing Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Dramatic Series: Raymond Burr for Perry Mason o Best Continuing Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Comedy Series: Tom Poston for The Steve Allen Show o Best Continuing Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Dramatic Series: Dennis Weaver for Gunsmoke o Best Continuing Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Jane Wyatt for Father Knows Best o Best Continuing Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Dramatic Series: Loretta Young for Letter to Loretta o Best Continuing Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Comedy Series: Ann B. Davis for The Bob Cummings Show o Best Continuing Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Dramatic Series: Barbara Hale for Perry Mason o Best Dramatic Series Less Than One Hour: Alcoa Theatre o Best Dramatic Series One Hour or Longer: Playhouse 90 o Best Musical or Variety Series: The Dinah Shore Chevy Show o Best News Reporting Series: The Huntley-Brinkley Report o Best Panel, Quiz or Audience Participation Series: What's My Line? o Best Public Service Program or Series: Omnibus o Best Single Performance by an Actor: Fred Astaire for An Evening with Fred Astaire o Best Single Performance by an Actress: Julie Harris for Hallmark Hall of Fame

158

o Best Western Series: Maverick. [174] * Iceland gunboats shoot at British fishing ships. [1] May 8 * Three-deck Nile excursion steamer springs a leak panicking passengers who capsize ship; 200 drown just yards from shore. [1] * Renato Caccioppoli, Italian mathematician/pianist, suicide at age 55. [1] May 10 * Soviet forces arrive in Afghanistan. [1] May 11 * Elvis Presley's first entry on United Kingdom charts with "Heartbreak Hotel". [1] May 13 * Kraft Music Hall with Milton Berle, last airs on NBC-TV. [1] May 14 * Sidney Bechet, US jazz clarinetist/saxophonist/bandleader, dies at age 62. [1] May 15 * Berend van den Amstel [Bernard CED Hattink], Dutch actor, dies at age 56. [1] May 16 * Joe Cook, stage comedian, dies at age 69. [1] May 19 * Jan de Quay becomes premier of Netherlands. [1] May 20 * Alfred Schutz, Austrian/US architect/philosopher, dies at age 60. [1] * Ford wins battle with Chrysler to call its new car "Falcon". [1] * Japanese-Americans regain their citizenship. [1] * Shah of Persia visits Netherlands. [1] May 21

159

* Gypsy opens at Broadway Theater in New York City for 702 performances. [1] May 24 * First house with built-in bomb shelter exhibited (Pleasant Hills, Pennsylvania). [1] * Empire Day renamed Commonwealth Day in England. [1] * John Foster Dulles, US Secretary of State (1953-59), dies at age 71. [1] May 25 * USSR leader Nikita Khrushchev visits Angola. [1] May 26 * Joe Kelly, TV host (Quiz Kids), dies at age 57. [1] May 28 * US Congressional Committee of Astronautics meets Project 7 astronauts. [1] * Monkeys Able and Baker zoom 300 miles (500 km) into space on Jupiter missile, became first animals retrieved from a space mission. [1] May 29 * Charles de Gaulle forms French Government. [1] May 30 * Iraq terminates military assistance pact with US due to neutrality. [1] * President Somoza ends emergency crisis in Nicaragua. [1] * President Stroessner disbands Paraguay's parliament. [1] * Thomas Carl Whitmer, composer, dies at age 85. [1] * World's first hovercraft (SR-N1) tested at Cowes, England. [1] June 1 * Constitution of Tunisia promulgated (National Day). [1] June 3 * First US Air Force Academy graduation. [1] June 8 * First official "missile mail" lands (Jacksonville, Florida, USA). [1]

160

* X-15 makes first unpowered flight, from a B-52 at 11,500m. [1] June 9 * First ballistic missile submarine launched (George Washington, in Groton, Connecticut, USA). [1] June 11 * US Postmaster General bans D.H. Lawrence's book Lady Chatterley's Lover. [1] June 14 * The Disneyland-Alweg Monorail System begins operation in Tomorrowland at Disneyland in California. It represents the first urban monorail system in the USA. [6] * The Matterhorn Mountain with its Matterhorn Bobsleds ride opens in Fantasyland at Disneyland in California. It is the first thrill ride at Disneyland, and the first ride to use cylindrical rails and urethane wheels. The mountain is 147 feet high, 1/100th the height of the real Matterhorn mountain, and uses 2175 steel girders. Final cost of the attraction is US$1.5 million. [6] June 16 * George Reeves, actor (Superman, Gone With the Wind), shoots himself. [1] June 18 * First telecast transmitted from England to US. [1] * Ethel Barrymore, actress, dies at age 79. [1] June 19 * US Senate rejects President Dwight Eisenhower's appointment of Lewis Strauss for Secretary of Commerce. [1] June 22 * Vanguard SLV-6 launched for Earth orbit (failed). [1] June 26 * Buena Vista releases Disney's live-action feature film Darby O'Gill and the Little People to theaters in the USA. [6] * Queen Elizabeth II and US President Dwight Eisenhower open the Saint Lawrence Seaway. [1]

161

June 29 * A Cecil Snyder, Chief Justice of Puerto Rico, dies at age 51. [1] * Pope John XXIII encyclical On truth, unity, and peace, in charity. [1] July 1 * World Refugee Year begins. [1] July 4 * America's new 49-star flag honoring Alaska statehood unfurled. [1] * Cayman Islands separate from Jamaica, made a crown colony. [1] July 6 * Saar becomes part of German Federal Republic. [1] July 7 * CBS premieres The Andy Williams Show 60-minute musical variety TV show. [179.58] July 8 * Dale Buisand and Chester Ovnand are first Americans killed in Vietnam War. [1] July 14 * First atomic-powered cruiser, the Long Beach, christened at Quincy, Massachusetts, USA. [1] July 17 * Billie Holiday, blues singer, dies of liver failure at age 44 in New York City. [1] [5] * Dr Leakey discovers oldest human skull (600,000 years old). [1] * Tibet abolishes serfdom. [1] July 21 * First atomic-powered merchant ship, Savannah, christened, at Camden, New Jersey, USA. [1] July 24

162

* US Vice President Richard Nixon argues with Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, known as "Kitchen Debate". [1] July 25 * Dr Isaac Halevi Herzog, chief rabbi of Israel (1936-59), dies at age 71. [1] July 26 * C Hoffmeister discovers asteroid #2183. [1] July 28 * Hawaii's first US election sends first Asian-Americans to Congress. [1] August 5 * Edgar Guest, newspaperman, dies at age 77. [1] August 7 * Explorer 6 transmits first TV photo of Earth from space. [1] August 12 * First ship-firing of a Polaris missile, Observation Island. [1] August 16 * USSR introduces installment buying. [1] August 17 * The Miles Davis album Kind of Blue is released. (It becomes the best-selling jazz album of all time.) [255.27] * Quake Lake is formed in Yellowstone National Park in Montana by a 7.5 magnitude earthquake. [1] [5] August 21 * Hawaii becomes 50th US state. [1] August 24 * Hiram L Fong sworn in as first Chinese-American senator while Daniel K Inouye sworn in as first Japanese-American Republican (both from Hawaii). [1]

163

September 6 * Kay Kendall, British actress, dies at age 32. [1] September 11 * Paul Douglas, actor (Adventure Theater), dies at age 52. [1] September 12 * NBC premieres the Bonanza 60-minute western TV show, marking the first regularly-scheduled TV program presented in color. [1] [5] [179.134] * Lunik II launched by USSR; first spacecraft to impact on the Moon. [1] [5] September 14 * The Soviet probe Luna 2 crashes onto the Moon, becoming the first man-made object to reach it. [5] September 15 * Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev arrives in US to begin a 13-day visit. [1] September 17 * Transit 1A, first navigational satellite launched; failed to orbit. [1] * Typhoon kills 2,000 in Japan and Korea. [1] September 18 * Vanguard 3 is launched into Earth orbit. [1] [5] September 19 * Nikita Krushchev is denied access to Disneyland during visit to USA due to security concerns. [1] September 20 * Olin Howlin, actor (Swifty - Circus Boy), dies at age 63. [1] September 25 * S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike, Ceylon's Prime Minister, assassinated by a Buddhist monk. [1]

164

September 27 * Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev concludes his US visit. [1] * Typhoon Vera hits Japanese island of Honshu, kills nearly 5,000. [1] September 28 * Explorer VI reveals an intense radiation belt around the Earth. [1] September 29 * Harold Huber, actor (I Cover Times Square), dies at age 49. [1] * Sultan of Brunei promulgates a constitution. [1] September 30 * John H Kliegl, developer of the Klieg light, dies at age 89. [1] October 2 * CBS premieres The Twilight Zone 30-minute TV show. [1] [179.1021] October 3 * William Bishop, actor (Steve - It's a Great Life), dies at age 42. [1] October 4 * USSR Luna 3 sends back first photos of Moon's far side. [1] October 6 * Soviet Luna 3, first successful photographic spacecraft, impacts Moon. [1] October 7 * U.S.S.R. probe Luna 3 transmits the first ever photographs of the far side of the Moon. [1] [5] * Mario Lanza, singer, dies at age 38 of a heart attack. [1] October 10 * Prince Friedrich of Liechtenstein dies. [1] October 14

165

* Errol Flynn, actor, dies. [1] October 15 * ABC premieres the Untouchables 60-minute crime drama TV show. [1] [179.1030] October 17 * Queen Elizabeth is fined $140 for withdrawing her race horse. [1] October 21 * U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the executive order transferring Wernher von Braun and other German scientists to NASA. [5] * In New York City, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum of contemporary art, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, opens to the public. [1] [5] [129] October 25 * Bob Murphy, TV host (RFD America), dies at age 42. [1] October 27 * Rare Pacific hurricane kills 2,000 in Western Mexico. [1] October 28 * Death of Walther Bauersfeld, 1919 inventor (first modern projection planetarium). [1] November 1 * Gershon Agron, mayor of Jerusalem, dies at age 66. [1] November 2 * Charles Van Doren confesses, TV quiz show 21 was fixed. [1] November 10 * Buena Vista releases Disney's live-action feature film Third Man on the Mountain in theaters in the US. The film is based on the book Banner in the Sky by James Ramsey Ullman. [6] November 11

166

* First episode of Rocky and His Friends airs. [1] November 14 * Kilauea's most spectacular eruption (in Hawaii). [1] November 16 * The Sound of Music opens on Broadway. [1] November 17 * De Beers firm of South Africa announces synthetic diamond. [1] November 19 * Ford cancels the Edsel automobile. [1] November 20 * United Nations adopts the declaration of children's rights. [1] November 21 * Jack Benny (violin) and Richard Nixon (piano) play their famed duet. [1] November 24 * Dr Lyman Bryson, educator (UN Casebook), dies at age 71. [1] December 1 * Twelve nations sign a treaty for scientific peaceful use of Antarctica. [1] * The first color photograph of Earth is received from outer space. [1] December 2 * Malpasset dam collapses destroying French Riviera town of Frejus. [1] December 3 * State of emergency on Cyprus ends. [1] December 4

167

* Rosetta Duncan (Duncan Sisters) dies in an auto accident at age 58. [1] * A monkey returns to Earth safely, after being launched 55 miles high into outer space by the United States space program. [5] December 6 * Len Doyle, actor (Harrington - Mr District Attorney), dies at age 66. [1] December 8 * Dom Mintoff demands independence for Malta. [1] December 9 * Kurt Kläber, writer, dies. [1] * Walter Compton, news anchor (DuMont Evening News), dies at age 47. [1] December 10 * Henri Vidal, French actor (Fabiola), dies of a heart attack at age 40. [1] December 12 * Russell Simpson, actor (Abraham Lincoln), dies at age 79. [1] * United Nations Committee on Peaceful Use of Outer Space is established. [1] December 13 * Archbishop Makarios elected first President of Cyprus. [1] December 14 * Archbishop Makarios proclaimed President of Cyprus. [1] * J B Jordan in F-104C sets world altitude record, 31,513 metres. [1] * Maria EG "Lizzy" Ansingh; Dutch painter (Cast Off), dies at age 84. [1] December 16 * Snow falling in Lowarai Pass, West Pakistan, kills 48. [1] December 19 * Walter Williams, claimed to be last survivor of Civil War, dies at age 117. [1] December 21

168

* Citizens of Deerfield, Illinois, block building of interracial housing. [1] * Shah of Persia marries Farah Diba. [1] December 22 * Gilda Gray, actress (Piccadilly), dies of heart attack at age 60. [1] December 23 * Edward Halifax, English viscount/viceroy of India, dies at age 78. [1] * Lester Lonergan Jr, actor (Growing Paynes), dies at age 65. [1] * Lord Irwin, ambassador to US (1940-46), dies at age 78. [1] December 25 * A synagogue in Cologne, Germany, is desecrated with swastikas. [1] * Sony brings transistor TV 8-301 to the market. [1] December 27 * Alfonso Reyes, Mexican poet/historian/diplomat, dies at age 70. [1] December 29 * Robin Humphrey Milford, composer, dies at age 56. [1] December 30 * Maria Baers, Flemish social female worker/senator, dies at age 76. [1] * The USS George Washington becomes first ballistic missile submarine commissioned. [1] Year * In Chile, total betting on horse racing totals US$17 million. [80.333]

169

1960 January 1 * Bank of France issues new franc, worth 20 cents. [1] * Cameroon (French Cameroon) gains independence from France. [1] * Johnny Cash plays first of many free concerts behind bars. [1] * Margaret Sullavan, actress (Back Street), dies of overdose at age 48. [1] * Montserrat adopts constitution. [1] January 2 * First redshank old world shore bird reported in North America (Halifax). [1] * Cees [Cornelis J] Laseur, Dutch actor/director (Hague Comedy), dies at age 60. [1] * Chris van Abkoude, author (Pietje Bell, Kruimeltje), dies at about age 79. [1] * Friedrich Adler, Austrian social-democrat, assasinated Prime Minister Stürgkh, dies in Zürich, Switzerland at age 80. [1] * John Reynolds sets age of solar system at 4,950,000,000 years. [1] * Roger Sessions' 4th Symphony premieres. [1] * US Senator John F Kennedy announces his candidacy for President. [1] January 3 * Victor Seastrom, entertainer, dies at age 80. [1] January 4 * Albert Camus, French author (Stranger), dies in an automobile accident at age 46. [1] * European Free Trade Association forms in Stockholm, Sweden. [1] January 5 * Pavel P Parenago, Russian cosmonaut, dies at age 53. [1] January 6 * Edith Barstow, choreographer (Frankie Laine Time), dies at age 52. [1] * Erik Lindahl, Swedish economist (Scope and Means), dies at age 68. [1] January 7 * Luis da Costa, composer, dies at age 80. [1] January 9 * Building of Aswan dam in Egypt begins. [1]

170

January 10 * Bollingen Prize for poetry awarded to Delmore Schwartz. [1] January 11 * Johan E Elias, Dutch historian (Elias Family), dies at age 84. [1] January 12 * Nevil Shute [Norway], English/Australian author (Town like Alice), dies at age 60. [1] January 13 * Sibilla Aleramo [Rina Faccio], Italian poet (Una Donna), dies at age 83. [1] January 14 * Tuindorp-Oostzaan in Northern Amsterdam, flooded. [1] * US Army promoted Elvis Presley to Sergeant. [1] January 19 * US President Dwight Eisenhower and Japanese Premier Kishi sign US-Japanese Security pact. [1] January 20 * Matt Moore, actor (Deluge, Coquette), dies at age 72. [1] * Patrice Lumumba sentenced to six months in Belgian, Congo. [1] January 21 * Buena Vista releases Disney's live-action feature film Toby Tyler, or Ten Weeks with a Circus to theaters. The film is based on the novel by James Otis Kaler. [6] * Little Joe 4 suborbital Mercury test reaches 16 km. [1] * Rock fall traps 437 at Coalbrook, South Africa, 417 die of methane poisoning. [1] January 22 * Coal mine of Johnburg caves-in, 417 die. [1] * French President Charles de Gaulle escapes assassination attempt by General Massu. [1]

171

January 23 * Jacques Piccard and Donald Walsh take Swiss-built US Navy bathyscaph Trieste to a record submersible depth of 10,911 metres underwater in Mariana Trench. [1] [192.49] January 24 * Algeria uprises against French President Charles de Gaulle. [1] * John Miljan, actor (Charlie Chan in Paris, Yankee Clipper), dies at age 66. [1] * Rutland Boughton, composer, dies at age 82. [1] January 25 * Diana Barrymore, actress (Ladies Courageous), dies at age 38. [1] * Rutland Boughton, composer, dies at age 82. [1] January 28 * First photograph bounced off Moon, from Washington DC. [1] * Goon Show's final episode on BBC. [1] * Jacques de Menasce, composer, dies at age 54. [1] January 29 * Louis Jean Heydt, actor (Joe - Waterfront), dies at age 54. [1] January 30 * US Central Intelligence Agency okays Lockheed to produce a new U-2 aircraft (Oxcart). [1] * Dutch communist trade union EVC'58 disbands. [1] January 31 * Lowell Gilmore, actor (Calcutta, Roadblock), dies at age 53. [1] February 1 * Four students stage first civil rights sit-in, at Greensboro, North Carolina, Woolworths store. [1] * Extreme right-wing rebels in Algiers surrender. [1] February 2 * Jeno Huszka, composer, dies at age 84. [1] * Michale Eufemia sinks 625 balls in pool match without a miss. [1]

172

February 3 * Johannes G Geelkerken, Dutch reformed vicar, dies at age 80. [1] February 4 * BBWAA voters fail to elect a new Hall of Fame member. [1] February 5 * Rudolf Nelson, composer, dies at age 81. [1] February 6 * Jesse Belvin, rocker, dies at age 26 in a car crash. [1] February 7 * Igor V Kurtshatov, Russian nuclear physicist, dies at age 57. [1] * Old handwriting found in at Qumran, near the Dead Sea. [1] February 8 * US Congress opens hearings looking into payola. [1] February 9 * Ernst von Dohnanyi, US composer, dies at age 82. [1] February 10 * Unsinkable Molly Brown closes at Winter Garden theater in New York City after 532 performances. [1] February 11 * Jack Paar walks off his TV show. [1] February 12 * Bobby Clark, vaudevillian (World's funniest circus clown), dies at age 71. [1] * Chinese army kills 12 Indian soldiers. [1] February 13

173

* Delmar G Roos, designer of the jeep, dies at age 79. [1] * France performs first nuclear test at Reggane Proving Grounds, Algeria. [1] February 14 * Marshal Ayub Khan elected President of Pakistan. [1] * Sven R Lidman, Swedish writer (Tvedräktens Barn), dies at age 77. [1] February 16 * US nuclear submarine USS Triton sets off on underwater round-world trip. [1] February 19 * Bil Keane's Family Circus cartoon strip debuts. [1] * Protest strike in Poznan, Poland. [1] February 20 * Leonard Woolley, archaeologist, dies. [1] February 22 * Hubert Cuypers, composer/choir conductor (Missa Populi), dies at age 86. [1] February 24 * Italian government of Segni falls. [1] * Jean Binet, composer, dies at age 66. [1] * Buena Vista premieres Disney's live-action feature film Kidnapped in selected theaters in the USA. The film is based on the book by Robert Louis Stevenson. [6] February 25 * Everhardus J van Romondt, Dutch Antillean minister, dies at age 51. [1] February 26 * Aleksandar Belic, Swedish linguist, dies at age 83. [1] * Soviet premier Khrushchev voices support for Indonesia. [1] * Verne Gagne beats Doctor X in Omaha, Nebraska, to become NWA wrestling champion. [1] February 27 * Adriano Olivetti, Italian engineer/manufacturer, dies at age 58. [1]

174

* Oil pipeline from Rotterdam, Netherlands to Ruhrgebied opens. [1] February 28 * F S Flint, British translator/poet (imagist movement), dies at age 74. [1] * Jonathan Hale, actor (Blondie), shoots himself at age 68. [1] February 29 * First Playboy Club, featuring bunnies, opens in Chicago, Illinois, USA. [1] * Earthquake kills 1/3 of Agadir, Morocco, population (12,000) in 15 seconds. [1] * John Kennedy makes "missile gap" the US Presidential campaign issue. [1] March 3 * Sammy White, actor (711 Ocean Drive, Sound Off), dies at age 65. [1] March 4 * French freighter La Coubre explodes in Havana, Cuba, killing 100. [1] * Leonard Warren, US baritone, dies on stage at age 48. [1] * Lucille Ball files for divorce from Desi Arnaz. [1] March 5 * Elvis Presley ends two-year hitch in US Army. [1] March 6 * President Sukarno disbands Indonesia's parliament. [1] March 10 * USSR agrees to stop nuclear testing. [1] March 11 * Pioneer 5 launched into solar orbit between Earth and Venus. [1] * Roy Chapman Andrews, US biologist/explorer, dies at age 76. [1] March 14 * Fourteen die in a train crash in Bakersfield, California, USA. [1] March 15

175

* Key Largo Coral Reef Preserve established (first underwater park). [1] * National Observatory at Kitt Peak, Arizona dedicated. [1] March 17 * US President Dwight Eisenhower forms anti-Castro-exile army under the US Central Intelligence Agency. [1] March 19 * Redhead closes at 46th Steet Theater in New York City after 455 performances. [1] March 21 * Sharpeville Massacre: Police kill 72 in South Africa and outlaws African National Congress. [1] March 22 * First patent for lasers, granted to Arthur Schawlow and Charles Townes. [1] March 23 * Explorer (8) fails to reach Earth orbit. [1] * Franklin P Adams, columnist (Information Please), dies at age 78. [1] March 24 * Paul Joostens, Flemish painter, dies at age 70. [1] * US appeals court rules D.H. Lawrence's novel Lady Chatterly's Lover not obscene. [1] March 25 * First guided missile launched from nuclear powered submarine (Halibut). [1] * Italian government Tambroni forms. [1] March 26 * Iraq executes 30 after attack on President Kassem. [1] March 27 * Ian Whyte, composer, dies at age 58. [1] March 28

176

* Ian Keith, US actor (Ramses I - The Ten Commandments, Identity Unknown, Queen Christina), dies at age 61. [1] * Pope John raises the first Japanese, first African, and first Filipino cardinals. [1] * Scotch factory explodes burying 20 firefighters (Glasgow, Scotland). [1] March 30 * Fritz Klimsch, German sculptor/painter, dies at age 90. [1] March 31 * Joseph Haas, German (opera) composer (Totenmesse), dies at age 81. [1] April 1 * France performs nuclear test at Reggane Proving Grounds, Algeria. [1] * Mabry Harper catches a 25-pound Walleye fish in Tennessee, USA. [1] * Piet[er O] Bakker, Dutch journalist/writer (Ciske), dies at age 62. [1] * RCA TIROS (TV and Infra-Red Observation 'weather' Satellite) I launched. [1] * U Nu elected premier of Burma. [1] April 3 * Anton Pannekoek, Dutch astronomer/marxist theorist, dies at age 87. [1] April 4 * 32nd Academy Awards - Ben-Hur, Charlton Heston, and Simone Signoret win. [1] * Project Ozma begins at Green Bank radio astronomy center. [1] * Senegal declares independence from France. [1] April 5 * Alma Kruger, actor (Made For Each Other), dies at age 88. [1] April 8 * Netherlands and Germany sign accord concerning war casualties. [1] April 9 * South African premier Verwoerd wounded in battle. [1] April 10

177

* Arthur Benjamin, Australian composer/pianist (Devil Take Her), dies at age 66. [1] * US Senate passes landmark Civil Rights Bill. [1] April 11 * First weather satellite launched (Tiros 1). [1] April 12 * Bert Haanstra wins Oscar for Glass. [1] April 13 * France becomes the fourth nuclear nation, exploding an A-Bomb in Sahara. [1] * Transit 1B, first navigational satellite, placed in Earth orbit. [1] April 14 * Bye Bye Birdie opens at Martin Beck Theater in New York City for 607 performances. [1] * First underwater launching of Polaris missile. [1] * Archibald McIndoe, plastic surgeon, dies. [1] April 15 * Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), organizes at Shaw University. [1] April 17 * American Samoa sets up a constitutional government. [1] * Eddie Cochran, rocker, dies in an auto accident at age 21. [1] April 18 * Emory Johnson, director (Phantom Express, Shield of Honor), dies at age 66. [1] April 21 * Brasilia becomes the capital of Brazil. [1] April 23 * Cornelis Jan Bakkerr, Dutch/US nuclear physicist, dies. [1] * Toyohiko Kagawa, Japanese Christian-social reformer/writer, dies at age 71. [1]

178

April 24 * 14th Tony Awards: Miracle Worker and Fiorello! win. [1] * Heavy earthquake strikes South Persia, 500 killed. [1] * John P "John" Musch, actor/founder (JM), dies at age 84. [1] April 25 * Amanullah, emir/king of Afhanistan (1919-28), dies at age 67. [1] * Hope Emerson, actress (I Married Joan, Peter Gunn), dies at age 62. [1] * Ilmari Henrik Reinhold Krohn, composer, dies at age 92. [1] April 26 * Wander J de Haas, Dutch physicist (Einstein-De Haas effect), dies at age 82. [1] April 27 * First atomic powered electric-drive submarine launched (Tullibee). [1] * France grants Togo independence (National Day). [1] * South Korean President Syngman Rhee resigns. [1] April 28 * Anton Pancake, astronomer/marxist theorist, dies at age 87. [1] May 1 * India's Bombay state split into Gujarat and Maharashtra states. [1] * Russia shoots down American pilot Francis Gary Powers' U-2 spy plane over Sverdlovsk. [1] [129] May 2 * Pulitzer prize awarded to Allen Drury (Advise and Consent). [1] May 5 * Sulho Ranta, composer, dies at age 58. [1] May 6 * More than 20 million viewers watch the first ever televised royal wedding service, when England's Princess Margaret marries Anthony Armstrong-Jones (Lord Snowdon) at Westminster Abbey. [1] [5] * Paul Abraham, Hungarian composer (Blume von Hawaii), dies at age 67. [1]

179

* US President Dwight Eisenhower signs Civil Rights Act of 1960. [1] * Students attack Dutch embassy in Djakarta. [1] * Trotsky's murderer Jacques Mornard (Ramón Mercader), freed in México. [1] May 7 * Flower Drum Song closes at Saint James Theater in New York City after 602 performances. [1] * Leonid Brezhnev replaces Kliment Voroshilov as President of USSR. [1] * Michael Tal beats Botvinnik 12.5-8.5 for world chess championship. [1] * USSR announces Francis Gary Powers confessed to being a US Central Intelligence Agency spy. [1] May 8 * Hugo Alfven, Swedish composer (Midsommarvaka), dies at age 88. [1] * USSR and Cuba resume diplomatic relations. [1] May 9 * Nigeria becomes a member of the British Commonwealth. [1] * US is first country to use the birth control pill legally. [1] * US sends U-2 spy plane over USSR. [1] May 10 * John F Kennedy wins primary in West Virginia, USA. [1] * Juri Olescha, writer, dies at age 61. [1] * US atomic submarine USS Triton completes first circumnavigation of globe under water. [1] May 11 * French passenger liner France launched. [1] * Israeli soldiers capture Adolf Eichmann in Buenos Aires, Argentina. [1] * John D Rockefeller Jr, philanthropist, dies at age 86. [1] May 12 * Cecil Armstrong Gibbs, composer, dies at age 70. [1] May 13 * First launch of Delta satellite launching vehicle; it failed. [1] May 14

180

* USSR launches first (unmanned) space capsule. [1] May 15 * Sputnik 4 launched into Earth orbit; later recovery failed. [1] May 16 * Big four summit in Paris, France collapses as USSR levels spy charges against USA. [1] * Theodore Maiman operates the first optical laser in Malibu, California, USA. [5] May 17 * First atomic reactor system to be patented, JW Flora, Canoga Park, California, USA. [1] May 19 * Buena Vista releases Disney's live-action feature film Pollyanna to theaters in the USA. The film is based on the novel by Eleanor H. Porter. [6] * Alan Freed and eight other disk jockeys accused of taking radio payola. [1] * Belgian parliament requires rest day for self-employed. [1] * USAF Major Robert M White takes X-15 to 33,222m. [1] May 22 * Virtually all coastal towns between 37th and 44th parallels severely damaged by tsunami that strikes Hilo, Hawaii, USA. [1] May 23 * Georges Claude, engineer/inventor, dies. [1] * Israel announces capture of Nazi Adolf Eichmann in Argentina. [1] May 25 * Birth of Benoît van Innis; Belgian cartoonist/painter/cartoonist (New York Post). [1] May 27 * Edward Brophy, actor (Champ, Dumbo, Great Guy), dies at age 65. [1] * George Zucco, actor (Fog Island, Black Raven, Desire Me), dies at age 74. [1] * Military coup overthrows democratic government of Turkey. [1]

181

May 29 * Everly Brothers' song "Cathy's Clown" hits number one. [1] May 30 * Boris Pasternak, Russian poet (Dr Zhivago), dies at age 70. [1] May 31 * Willem Elsschot [Alfons de Ridder], Flemish writer (Kas), dies at age 78. [1] June 4 * Lucien Littlefield, actor (Mr Beasley - Blondie), dies at age 64. [1] June 11 * House packed with wedding celebrants collapses killing 30 (Pakistan). [1] June 15 * Argentina complains to United Nations about Israeli illicit transfer of Adolf Eichman. [1] June 20 * Federation of Mali (and Senegal) becomes independent of France. [1] * In Burbank, California, the 12th Annual Emmy Awards are presented, hosted by Fred Astaire. o Outstanding Achievement in the Field of Children's Programming: The Huckleberry Hound Show o Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Series: Robert Stack for The Untouchables o Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Series: Jane Wyatt for Father Knows Best o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of Drama: Playhouse 90 o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of Humor: The Art Carney Special o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of News: The Huntley-Brinkley Report o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of Public Service: The Twentieth Century o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of Variety: The Fabulous Fifties o Outstanding Single Performance by an Actor: Laurence Olivier for The Moon and Sixpence

182

o Outstanding Single Performance by an Actress: Ingrid Bergman for Startime [175] June 25 * Walter Baade, astronomer, dies. [1] June 26 * British Somaliland (now Somalia) gains independence from Britain. [1] * Madagascar gains independence from France (National Day). [1] June 27 * Chlorophyll "A" synthesized at Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [1] June 28 * 26.42 cm (10.40 inches) of rainfall in Dunmor, Kentucky, USA (state 24-hour record). [1] June 30 * Zaïre (then Belgian Congo) gains independence from Belgium. [1] July 1 * Ghana becomes a republic. [1] * Italian Somalia gains independence, unites with Somali Republic. [1] July 4 * America's new 50-star flag honoring Hawaiian statehood first unfurled. [1] July 6 * Dr Barbara Moore completes a 3,207-mile walk from Los Angeles to New York City. [1] July 7 * USSR shoots down a US aircraft over Barents sea. [1] July 8 * CIA pilot Francis Gary Powers is charged with espionage by the Soviet Union. [129]

183

July 13 * US Democratic National convention nominates Senator John F Kennedy for president. [1] July 14 * Fire rages through a Guatemala City, Guatemala insane asylum, killing 225, severly injuring 300. [1] July 20 * First submerged submarine to fire Polaris missile (George Washington). [1] July 21 * The country of Katanga forms in Africa. [1] July 27 * Vice President Richard Nixon nominated for president at Republican convention in Chicago, Illinois. [1] July 28 * American Republican National convention selects Richard Nixon for presidential candidate. [1] July 29 * J Schubart discovers asteroid #2000 Herschel. [1] * Richard Simon, cofounder of publisher Simon and Shuster, dies. [1] July 31 * Elijah Muhammad, leader of Nation of Islam, calls for a black state. [1] August 1 * Benin (Dahomey) gains independence from France. [1] August 3 * Niger gains independence from France. [1]

184

August 4 * Rocket propelled USAF research aircraft sets record at 2,150 MPH. [1] August 5 * Upper Volta (Burkina Faso) gains independence from France. [1] August 7 * Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) gains independence from France. [1] * Students stage kneel-in demonstrations in Atlanta, Georgia churches. [1] August 8 * Danton Walker, columnist (Broadway Spotlight), dies at age 61. [1] August 9 * Race riot in Jacksonville, Florida, USA. [1] August 10 * Discoverer 13 launched into orbit; returned first object from space. [1] August 11 * Chad declares independence from France. [1] August 12 * Echo 1, first communications satellite, is launched. [1] [5] * USAF Major Robert M White takes X-15 to 41,600m. [1] August 13 * Central African Republic proclaims independence from France. [1] August 15 * Congo (Brazzaville) gains independence from France (National Day). [1] August 16 * Britain grants independence to crown colony of Cyprus. [1] * Joseph Kittinger parachutes from balloon at 31,330m (84,700 feet). [1]

185

* Republic of the Congo (Zaire) forms. [1] August 17 * CIA pilot Francis Gary Powers is found guilty of espionage by the Soviet Union, sentenced to ten years in prison. [1] [129] * Gabon gains independence from France (National Day). [1] August 18 * First commercially-produced oral contraceptive marketed by G.D. Searle Drug Company of Skokie, Illinois, called Enovid 10. [55.25] * First photograph bounced off a satellite, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. [1] August 19 * Francis Gary Powers convicted of spying by USSR (U-2 incident). [1] * The Soviet Union launches the Sputnik 5 satellite with dogs Belka and Strelka, 40 mice, 2 rats and a variety of plants. [1] [5] August 20 * Senegal breaks from the Mali federation, declaring independence. [1] * USSR recovers two dogs; first living organisms to return from space. [1] August 23 * Oscar Hammerstein II, Broadway librettist, dies at age 65. [1] * World's largest frog (3.3 kg) caught in Equatorial Guinea. [1] August 24 * A world-record low temperature (-88 degrees Celsuis, -127 degrees Fahrenheit) is measured in Vostok, Antarctica. [1] [5] * 60 people die when bus plunges off bridge into Turvo River, Brazil. [1] August 29 * Alexander Gauge, actor (Adventures of Robin Hood), dies at age 46. [1] * Hazza el-Majali, Prime Minister of Jordan, is assassinated. [1] August 31 * Agricultural Hall of Fame established. [1] September 6

186

* Jimmy Savo; comedian (Through the Crystal Ball), dies at age 65. [1] September 18 * A DC-6 airplane carrying United Nations Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld crashes in Northern Rhodesia. (The plane was accidentally shot down by a local group that had planned to kidnap Hammarskjöld.) [1] [7] September 20 * United Nations General Assembly admit 13 African countries and Cyprus (total 96 nations). [1] September 22 * Mali (without Senegal) gains independence from France (National Day). [1] September 24 * The USS Enterprise aircraft carrier is launched at Newport News, Virginia. This is the world's first nuclear-powered carrier, also the most powerful warship ever built, at 300,000 horsepower, the longest at 1101.5 feet, and costliest at US$445 million. The ship was designed to accomodate 100 aircraft. [1] [55.13] * International Development Association (UN agency) comes into existence. [1] September 25 * Emily Post, etiquette expert, dies at age 86. [1] September 26 * First of four televised US Presidential debates take place: Richard Nixon and John Kennedy (Chicago, Illinois). [1] * Longest speech in United Nations history (4 hours, 29 mins, by Fidel Castro). [1] September 30 * Flintstones premieres (first prime time animation show). [1] * On Howdy Doody's last show Clarabelle finally talks: "Goodbye Kids". [1] October 1 * Nigeria gains independence from Great Britain (National Day). [1] October 3

187

* San Francisco's White House department store is first to accept BankAmericard credit card. [1] October 4 * Courier 1B launched; first active repeater satellite in orbit. [1] October 5 * Eastern Air Lines' Electra turbo-prop crashes in Boston Harbor (61 die). [1] October 7 * In the USA, the CBS television network debuts the Route 66 show. The show features two young men driving a 1960 Corvette around the US in search of adventure. [1] [8] October 12 * Nikita Khrushchev pounds his shoe at United Nations General Assembly session. [1] October 13 * Third US presidential debate with Richard Nixon in Hollywood and John Kennedy in New York. [1] October 14 * US Peace Corps first suggested by John Kennedy. [1] October 18 * Buena Vista releases Disney's live-action feature film Ten Who Dared to theaters in the USA. The film is based on the journal of Major John Wesley Powell. [6] * In Britain, the News Chronicle and Daily Mail merge, and The London Evening Star merges with the Evening News. [1] October 19 * France grants Mauritania independence. [1] * Martin Luther King Jr arrested in Atlanta, Georgia sit-in. [1] * The US imposes an embargo on exports to Cuba. [1] October 20

188

* First fully mechanized post office opened, Providence, Rhode Island, USA. [1] October 21 * John Kennedy and Nixon clash in fourth and final presidential debate (New York City). [1] October 24 * Disaster on USSR launch pad, kills missile expert Nedelin and team (unconfirmed); USSR claims he was killed in plane crash. [1] October 25 * First electronic wrist watch placed on sale, New York City. [1] October 30 * Michael Woodruff performs the first successful kidney transplant in the United Kingdom at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary. [5] November 1 * Benelux treaty goes into effect. [1] November 5 * Ward Bond, actor, dies at age 55. [1] November 8 * John Kennedy (Massachusetts-Democrat-Senator) beats Vice President Richard Nixon (Republican) for US President. [1] November 10 * US Senate passes landmark Civil Rights Bill. [1] November 12 * Mercury-Redstone 1 test launch fails at 10 cm altitude. [1] November 13 * Fire in movie theater kills 152 children (Amude, Spain). [1]

189

November 14 * Two passenger trains collide at high-speed killing 110 (Czechoslovakia). [1] November 16 * Clark Gable, American actor, dies at age 59. [1] [5] November 18 * Copyright office issues its ten-millionth registration. [1] November 23 * Tiros 2, a weather satellite is launched. [1] November 25 * First atomic reactor for research and development opens, Richland, Washington. [1] November 28 * Mauritania gains independence from France (National Day). [1] December 1 * Ion Vasilescu, composer, dies at age 57. [1] December 3 * Frederick Loewe/Alan Jay Lerner's Camelot premieres at Majestic Theater in New York City for 873 performances. [1] * Hermann Stephani, composer, dies at age 83. [1] December 5 * Ghana drops diplomatic relations with Belgium. [1] December 7 * Ivory Coast claims independence from France. [1] December 9 * First broadcast of Coronation Street on British ITV. [1]

190

December 11 * Black Sunday - Riot in Algiers, 114 die. [1] December 13 * Laos General Fumi Nosavang occupies Vientiane. [1] December 14 * Gregory Ratoff, actor (Skyscraper Souls), dies of leukemia at age 63. [1] * Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) forms. [1] December 15 * King Boudouin of Belgium marries doña Fabiola de Mora y Aragon. [1] December 16 * 134 die as United DC-8 and TWA Super Constellation collide over Staten Island, New York City, New York. [1] * Anna Luther, silent screen actress (Sinners in Silk), dies at age 63. [1] December 17 * La Plume de Ma Tante closes at Royale Theater in New York City after 835 performances. [1] * Take Me Along closes at Shubert Theater in New York City after 448 performances. [1] * Pablo Casals' oratorio "El Pesebrio" premieres. [1] December 18 * General Meeting of United Nations condemns apartheid. [1] December 19 * Fire aboard USS Constellation, under construction in Brooklyn, New York (50 die). [1] * Mercury-Redstone 1A reaches 210 km in test flight. [1] December 20 * Auschwitz-commandant Richard Bär arrested in German Federal Republic. [1] December 23

191

* Buena Vista releases Disney's live-action feature film Swiss Family Robinson to theaters in the USA. It cost US$4-5 million to make. The film is based on the novel by Johann Wyss. [6] * De Quay's Dutch government falls. [1] * King Saudi of Saudi-Arabia takes power. [1] December 24 * Dutch bishops question papacy values. [1] December 26 * Eduard Ludwig, German architect (Hansa quarter, Berlin), dies at age 54. [1] * Musical Do re mi with Phil Silvers premieres at Saint James Theater in New York City for 400 performances. [1] December 27 * France performs nuclear test. [1] December 31 * Germaine Loosveldt, Flemish actress (Trees die Upright), dies at age 69. [1] * Semyon Semyonovich Bogatiryov, composer, dies at age 70. [1] Year * Total amount of legal bets on horse racing in the USA: US$3 billion. [80.188] * Total New York state bets on all forms of animal racing: over US$1 billion. [80.205] * In Belgium, total betting on horse racing totals US$13.6 million. [80.331] * In Canada, total pari-mutuel betting on horse races through the Department of Agriculture: US$141.4 million. [80.333]

192

1961 January 1 * Largest check issued, National Bank of Chicago to Sears (US$960.242 billion). [1] January 2 * CBS airs the last The Jackie Gleason Show TV show. (The show returns again in 1966.) [179.485] * Hawaii's all-time low temperature, 14 degrees F recorded atop Haleakale. [1] January 3 * Adam Clayton Powell elected Chairman of US House Education and Labor. [1] January 4 * Barry Fitzgerald, actor (Going My Way), dies at age 72. [1] * Longest recorded strike ends-33 years-Danish barbers' assistants. [1] * Death of Erwin Schrödinger in Vienna, Austria; theoretical physicist, won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1933 for his work on the wave theory of matter. [37] January 5 * US breaks diplomatic relations with Cuba. [1] January 6 * Regina Ullmann, writer, dies at age 76. [1] January 7 * Clarice Baright, first woman admitted to American Bar Association, dies at age 74. [1] * Trucial States (later United Arab Emirates) issue their first postage stamps. [1] January 8 * Bollingen Prize for poetry awarded to Yvor Winters. [1] January 10 * Dashiell Hammett, author (Maltese Falcon, Thin Man), dies from throat cancer at age 66. [1]

193

January 11 * Racial riot at University of Georgia, USA. [1] January 12 * United Nations genocide pact goes into effect. [1] January 14 * Ernest Thesiger, actor (Brass Monkey, Ghoul), dies at age 81. [1] * Henry Geehl, composer, dies at age 79. [1] January 15 * Francesco Maria Saraceni, composer, dies at age 49. [1] January 16 * Janos Viski, composer, dies at age 54. [1] * Russian espionage ring detected in Great Britain. [1] January 18 * Zanzibar's Afro-Shirazi party wins one seat by a single vote and parliament by a single seat. [1] January 20 * Arthur M Ramsay becomes archbishop of Canterbury. [1] * Robert Frost recites The Gift Outright at US President John Kennedy's inauguration. [1] * Yugoslav ex-Vice-President Milovan Djilas flees. [1] January 21 * Blaise Cendrars, Swiss/French poet (J'ai tué), dies at age 73. [1] * John Joseph Becker, composer, dies a day before 75th birthday. [1] * Portuguese rebels seize cruise ship Santa Maria. [1] January 23 * US Supreme Court rules cities and states have right to censor films. [1] * Venezuela adopts constitution. [1] January 24

194

* Lazard Brothers Ltd draw a check for US$334,867,807.68. [1] * Willem J M van Eysinga, people rights scholar, dies at age 82. [1] January 25 * First live, nationally televised US Presidential news conference (John Kennedy). [1] * Military coup in El Salvador. [1] * Buena Vista premieres Disney's animated feature film One Hundred and One Dalmatians in selected theaters in the USA. The film is based on the book The Hundred and One Dalmatians by Dodie Smith. [6] January 26 * "Are You Lonesome Tonight?" by Elvis Presley peaks to #1. [1] * First woman "personal physician to President" - JG Travell. [1] January 27 * Sing Along with Mitch [Miller] premieres on NBC TV. [1] January 28 * Republic of Rwanda proclaimed. [1] January 30 * Bobby Darin is youngest performer to headline a TV special on NBC. [1] * US President John Kennedy asks for an Alliance for Progress and Peace Corps. [1] January 31 * David Ben-Gurion resigns as premier of Israel. [1] * Ham is first primate in space (158 miles) aboard Mercury/Redstone 2. [1] * NATO secretary-General Paul-Henri Spaak says he'll resign. [1] * USAF launches Samos spy satellite to replace U-2 flights. [1] February 1 * First full-scale test of US Minuteman ICBM is successful. [1] * British minister Enoch Powell makes medical insurance more expensive. [1] February 2 * Adolf Vogl, composer, dies at age 87. [1] * Prince Bernhard opens new RAI building in Amsterdam, Netherlands. [1]

195

February 3 * Sixth largest snowfall in New York City history (17.4 inches (44.2cm)). [1] * Anna May Wong, actress (Gallery of Madame Lui-Tsang), dies at age 54. [1] * Viscount Dunrossil, Governor-General of Australia (1959-61), dies at age 67. [1] February 4 * Sputnik 7 launches into Earth orbit; probable Venus probe failure. [1] February 5 * Anthony G de Rothschild, British philanthropist, dies at age 73. [1] February 6 * Archibald T Davison, composer, dies at age 77. [1] February 7 * Jane Fonda makes her acting debut in the NBC drama A String of Beads. [1] * Louis-Ferdinand Céline, French physician/author/anti-Semite, dies at age 67. [1] February 8 * William Duncan, actor (Hopalong Rides Again), dies at age 81. [1] February 9 * Grigory Levenfish, International chess grandmaster from Russia, dies at age 70. [1] * Joseph Ileo appointed premier of Congo. [1] February 10 * Niagara Falls hydroelectric project begins producing power. [1] * Walter Piston's 7th Symphony premieres. [1] February 11 * Eduard R Verkade, Dutch actor/director (Pygmalion), dies at age 82. [1] * Patrice Lumumba, first premier of Congo, murdered at age 34. [1] * Robert C Weaver sworn in as US Administrator of the Housing and Home Finance Agency with highest federal post by a black. [1] * Trial of Adolf Eichmann begins in Jerusalem, Israel. [1]

196

February 12 * USSR launches Venera 1 toward Venus. [1] [5] February 13 * Frank Sinatra launches Reprise label under Warner Brothers Records. [1] February 14 * Element 103, Lawrencium, first produced in Berkeley, California, USA. [1] * Wallis Clark, actress (Easy Money), dies at age 78. [1] February 15 * Jack Whiting, actor (Top Speed, Life of the Party), dies at age 59. [1] February 16 * First all-solid-propellant rocket put in orbit, Wallops Island, Virginia, USA. [1] * China uses its first nuclear reactor. [1] * US satellite Explorer 9 is launched. [1] February 17 * Nita Naldi, actress (Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde), dies of heart attack at age 63. [1] February 19 * Albania disavows Chinese "Revisionism". [1] February 20 * Otto E Huiswoud [Frank Billings], editor (Negro Worker), dies at age 67. [1] * Percy Aldridge Grainger; Australian/US composer/pianist, dies at age 78. [1] February 21 * Blaise Cendrars [Frédéric Sauser-Hall], Swiss poet, dies at age 73. [1] * Friedrich Dürrenmatt's Die Physiker premieres in Zürich, Switzerland. [1] * Gabon adopts constitution. [1] * Mercury-Atlas 2 reentry test reaches 172 km. [1] February 22 * George de las Cuevas Bustillo y Teheran, Chilean marquis, dies at age 75. [1]

197

February 24 * Explorer (10) fails to reach Earth orbit. [1] * Léon Jeunehomme, Belgian teacher (Pédagogie en Cours), dies at age 77. [1] February 25 * Paul Bikle in glider climbs from 1208 metre at release to record 14,100. [1] February 26 * Karl Albiker, German sculptor (Problem of the Plastic), dies at age 83. [1] * Mohammed V ibn Yusuf, sultan/King of Morocco, dies at age 51. [1] February 28 * US President John Kennedy names Henry Kissinger special advisor. [1] * Joris Vriamont, Flemish writer/music publisher, dies at age 64. [1] March 1 * US President John Kennedy establishes the Peace Corps. [1] March 3 * King Hassan II ascends to throne of Morocco. [1] March 4 * Paul-Henri Spaak resigns as Secretary-General of NATO. [1] March 6 * First London minicabs introduced in England. [1] * Dutch Queen Juliana celebrates 12.5 year government jubilee. [1] * George Formby, British singer/comedian, dies at age 56. [1] * Kjeld Abell, Danish playwright/director of Tivoli, dies at age 59. [1] March 7 * Englebert van Anderlecht, Belgian painter, dies at age 42. [1] * Max Hymans, WWII resistance fighter/Head of Air France, dies at age 60. [1] March 8

198

* Thomas Beecham; English conductor (Last Night of the Prom), dies at age 81. [1] * US nuclear submarine Patrick Henry arrives at Scottish naval base of Holy Loch from South Carolina in a record underseas journey of 66 days 22 hours. [1] March 9 * Mine cave-in in Japan kills 72. [1] * Sputnik 9 carries Chernushka (dog) into orbit. [1] March 12 * Belinda Lee, actress (Joseph and his Brethren), dies in car crash at age 25. [1] March 13 * Elizabeth Gurley Finn (70) becomes president of US Communist Party. [1] * US President John Kennedy sets up the Alliance for Progress. [1] * Landslide in USSR kills 145. [1] * Pablo Picasso (79) marries his model Jacqueline Rocque (37). [1] March 14 * Akiba Rubinstein, Polish chess player (opening theorist), dies at age 78. [1] March 15 * South Africa withdraws from British Commonwealth. [1] March 16 * Buena Vista releases Disney's live-action feature film The Absent Minded Professor to theaters in the USA. The film is based on a story by Samuel W. Taylor. [6] March 17 * New York district attorney arrests professional gamblers who implicate Seton Hall players. [1] * Suzanna Salter, first US female mayor/temperance leader, dies at age 101. [1] March 18 * Poppin' Fresh Pillsbury Dough Boy introduced. [1] March 19 * Edric Cundell, composer, dies at age 68. [1]

199

March 23 * James Edward Murray (Senator-Democrat-Montana) (1935-61), dies. [1] * Valentin Vasilyevich Bondarenko, cosmonaut, dies in accident at age 24. [1] March 25 * Gypsy closes at Broadway Theater in New York City after 702 performances. [1] * Elvis Presley performs live on the USS Arizona. [1] * Explorer 10 is launched into elongated Earth orbit (177/181,000 km). [1] * Sputnik 10 carries a dog into Earth orbit; later recovered. [1] March 27 * Belgian government of Eyskens resigns. [1] * Failed assassination attempt on King Saif al-Islam Achmad of Yemen. [1] * Jack Kane, orchestra leader (Steve and Eydie, Andy Williams Show), dies at age 37. [1] March 29 * 23rd Amendment to US Constitution is ratified, allows Washington, DC residents to vote for President. [1] * After a 4.5-year trial, Nelson Mandela is acquitted on treason charge. [1] March 30 * NASA civilian pilot Joseph A Walker takes X-15 169,600 feet (51,690 metres). [1] * P J Melotte, discovered Jupiter's 8th satellite Pasiphae, dies. [1] March 31 * Aklilou Habtewold becomes first premier of Ethiopia. [1] * Seerp Anema, Dutch poet/writer (Modern Art and Degenerating), dies at age 85. [1] April 2 * August Defresne, Dutch director (Anno Christi 969), dies at age 67. [1] * Wallingford Riegger, US composer (Bacchangle), dies at age 75. [1] April 5 * Dutch Governor Platteel installs New Guinea Council. [1] April 6

200

* Jules J B V Bordet, Belgian bacteriologist (Nobel Prize 1919), dies at age 90. [1] April 7 * Jesus Guridi, composer, dies at age 74. [1] * Marian Jordan, radio comedienne (Fibber McGee and Molly), dies at age 62. [1] * Yusef Greiss, composer, dies at age 61. [1] April 8 * British liner Dara explodes in Persian Gulf, kills 236. [1] April 9 * Zog I [Ahmed Zogu], King of Albania (1925-39), dies at age 65. [1] April 10 * Dutch foreign minister Luns talks to US President John F Kennedy about New Guinea. [1] * Irene Warfield, silent screen actress (Satan Sanderson), dies at age 65. [1] April 11 * Austrian fourth and last government of Raab resigns. [1] * Francis de Bourguignon, composer, dies at age 70. [1] * Israel begins the Adolf Eichman WWII crimes trial. [1] April 12 * Third Grammy Awards: "Theme From a Summer Place" wins, Ray Charles wins four awards. [1] * Nils-Eric Fougstedt, composer, dies at age 50. [1] * Philippine "Pine" Belder [Mary de Klerk], actress, dies at age 93. [1] * Yuri Alexeyevich Gagarin becomes first person to orbit Earth (Vostok 1). [1] April 13 * Carnival! opens at Imperial Theater in New York City for 719 performances. [1] * United Nations General Assembly condemns South Africa for apartheid. [1] April 14 * First live television broadcast from the Soviet Union. [1] * Cuban-American invasion army departs Nicaragua. [1]

201

* US element 103 (Lawrencium) discovered. [1] April 15 * Music Man closes at Majestic Theater in New York City after 1375 performances. [1] April 16 * 15th Tony Awards: Becket and Bye Bye Birdie win. [1] April 17 * 1,400 Cuban exiles land in Bay of Pigs and attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro. [1] * 33rd Academy Awards - Apartment, Burt Lancaster and Elizabeth Taylor win. [1] April 19 * Disneyland in Anaheim, California, welcomes its 25-millionth guest. [6] April 20 * American Harold Graham makes first rocket belt flight. [1] April 21 * Dirk U Stikker chosen as Secretary-General of NATO. [1] * French army revolts in Algeria. [1] * James Melton, opera tenor (Ford Festival), dies at age 57. [1] * USAF Major Robert M White takes X-15 to an altitude of 32,000 metres. [1] April 22 * Maria Radulphus [Adrian Hermus], Curaçao school inspector, dies at age 91. [1] * Uprising of French parachutist of General Salan/Challe in Algeria. [1] April 24 * The Swedish Vasa warship is pulled to the surface of the Baltic for the first time since 1628. [1] [7] * US President John Kennedy accepts "sole responsibility" following Bay of Pigs aborted invasion of Cuba. [1] * Lee Moran, actor (Circus Clown), dies of heart ailment at age 72. [1] April 25 * France performs nuclear test at Reggane Proving Grounds, Algeria. [1]

202

* Hans F Blunck, writer, dies. [1] * Mercury/Atlas rocket lifts off with an electronic mannequin. [1] * Premier Moïse Tsjombe of Katanga arrested in Congo. [1] * Robert Noyce is granted a patent for an integrated circuit. [1] [5] April 26 * French paratroopers' revolt suppressed in Algeria. [1] * Gail Russell, actress (Calcutta, Moonrise, El Paso), dies at age 36. [1] April 27 * NASA launches Explorer 11 into Earth orbit to study gamma rays. [1] * Roy Del Ruth, director (About Face, Folies Bergere), dies at age 67. [1] * Sierra Leone declares independence from United Kingdom. [1] April 28 * Lieutenant Colonel Georgi Mossolov takes E-66A to 34,714 metre altitude. [1] April 29 * ABC's Wide World of Sports debuts. [1] April 30 * First shuttle flights between Washington DC, Boston Massachusetts and New York City, New York begin (Eastern Airlines). [1] * Premier Fidel Castro of Cuba receives Lenin-Peace Prize. [1] May 1 * First US airplane hijacked to Cuba. [1] * Fidel Castro announces there will be no more elections in Cuba. [1] * Pulitzer prize awarded to Harper Lee (To Kill a Mockingbird). [1] * Tanganyika granted full internal self-government by Britain. [1] May 3 * Maurice [Jean Jacques] Merleau-Ponty, French philosopher, dies at age 53. [1] May 4 * Thirteen Freedom riders begin bus trip through South US. [1] * First on-the-road Spacemobile lecture given. [1] * Malcolm Ross and Victor Prather reach 34,668 metres (record) in balloon. [1]

203

* South Africa African National Congress-leader John Nkadimeng is arrested. [1] May 5 * Alan Shepard becomes first American in space (aboard Freedom 7). [1] May 6 * Lucian Blaga, philosopher/poet (Transcendental censor), dies at age 65. [1] * Omer Vanaudenhove chosen chairman of Belgium Liberal Party. [1] May 8 * First practical sea water conversion plant-Freeport, Texas, USA. [1] * Alan Shepard receives NASA Distinguished Service Medal, Washington. [1] * James Fairfax, actor (Gale Storm Show), dies at age 63. [1] May 9 * US Federal Communications Commission Chairman Newton N Minow criticizes TV as a "vast wasteland". [1] May 13 * Gary Cooper, two time Academy award winning actor (High Noon), dies at age 60. [1] May 14 * Bus with first group of Freedom Riders bombed and burned in Alabama, USA. [1] May 15 * Pope John XXIII publishes encyclical Mater et Magistra. [1] May 16 * In Hollywood, California, the 13th Annual Emmy Awards are presented, hosted by Dick Powell and Joey Bishop. o Outstanding Achievement in Art Direction and Scenic Design: John J. Lloyd for Checkmate o Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography for Television: The Twilight Zone o Outstanding Achievement in Electronic Camerawork: Red-EO-Tape Mobile Unit for The Bell Telephone Hour o Outstanding Achievement in Film Editing for Television: Harry Coswick, Aaron Nibley, and Milton Shifman for Naked City

204

o Outstanding Achievement in the Field of Children's Programming: Young People's Concerts: Aaron Copland Birthday Party o Outstanding Achievement in the Field of Music for Television: Leonard Bernstein for Leonard Bernstein and the New York Philharmonic o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy: Sheldon Leonard for Make Room for Daddy o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Drama: George Schaefer for Macbeth o Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Series (Lead): Raymond Burr for Perry Mason o Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Series (Lead): Barbara Stanwyck for The Barbara Stanwyck Show o Outstanding Performance in a Supporting Role by an Actor or Actress in a Series: Don Knotts for The Andy Griffith Show o Outstanding Performance in a Supporting Role by an Actor or Actress in a Single Program: Roddy McDowall for Sunday Showcase o Outstanding Performance in a Variety or Musical Program or Series: Dinah Shore for The Dinah Shore Show o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of Drama: Macbeth o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of Humor: The Jack Benny Program o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of News: The Huntley-Brinkley Report o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of Public Service: The Twentieth Century o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of Variety: Astaire Time o Outstanding Single Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role: Maurice Evans for Macbeth o Outstanding Single Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role: Judith Anderson for Macbeth o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Comedy: Sherwood Schwartz, Dave O'Brien, Al Schwartz, Martin Ragaway, and Red Skelton for The Red Skelton Show o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Drama: Rod Serling for The Twilight Zone o Outstanding Writing Achievement in the Documentary Field: Victor Wolfson for Winston Churchill: The Valiant Years o The Program of the Year: Macbeth [1] [176] May 17 * Fidel Castro offers to exchange Bay of Pigs prisoners for 500 bulldozers. [1] * Frans van Cauwelaert, Flemish minister/mayor of Antwerp, dies at age 81. [1] * Henri Gagnon, composer, dies at age 74. [1] May 18 * Henry O'Neill, actor (Lady Killer, Nothing But Trouble), dies. [1]

205

May 19 * Joe Howard; singer (Gay Nineties Revue), dies at age 94. [1] May 20 * Mauritania adopts constitution. [1] * White mob attacks "Freedom Riders" in Montgomery, Alabama, USA;. [1] May 21 * Governor Patterson declares martial law in Montgomery, Alabama, USA. [1] May 22 * "Mother-In-Law" by Ernie K-Doe hits #1. [1] * First revolving restaurant (Top Of The Space Needle in Seattle, Washington), opens. [1] May 23 * Joan Davis, comedic actress (I Married Joan), dies of heart attack at age 53. [1] May 24 * 27 Freedom Riders arrested in Jackson, Mississippi, USA. [1] * Explorer (12) fails to reach Earth orbit. [1] May 25 * US President John Kennedy appeals to Congress that the nation should commit to "landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to Earth" by the end of the decade. [1] [5] [129] * NASA civilian pilot Joseph A Walker takes X-15 to 32,770 metres. [1] May 26 * Freedom Ride Coordinating Committee establishes in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. [1] * USAF bomber flies the Atlantic in a record of just over three hours. [1] May 27 * First black light is sold. [1] May 28

206

* British newspaper The London Observer publishes British lawyer Peter Benenson's article "The Forgotten Prisoners", launching the Appeal for Amnesty, calling for the release of all people imprisoned in various parts of the world because of the peaceful expression of their beliefs. (This leads to the creation of Amnesty International.) [1] [129] * Last trip (Paris to Bucharest) on Orient Express (after 78 years). [1] May 29 * Uuno Kalervo Klami, composer, dies at age 60. [1] May 30 * Dutch DC-8 crashes after takeoff at Lisbon, Portugal, 62 die. [1] * Rafael L Trujillo Molina, dictator of Dominican Republic (1930-61), murdered at age 69. [1] May 31 * Chuck Berry's amusement park Berryland opens in Saint Louis, Missouri, USA. [1] * US President John Kennedy visits French President Charles de Gaulle in Paris. [1] * Judge Irving Kaufman orders Board of Education of New Rochelle to integrate. [1] * Union of South Africa becomes a republic, leaving the British Commonwealth. [1] June 2 * George S Kaufman, playwright/director/pulitzer prize winner, dies at age 72. [1] June 6 * Dr Carl Gustav Jung, Swiss psychiatrist, dies at age 85. [1] June 7 * Robert Griffith, producer of Pajama Game, dies. [1] June 13 * Ben Jones Missouri, horse trainer (Citation, Whirlaway), dies at age 79. [1] June 14 * 106 degrees F, hottest temperature in San Francisco, California. [1] June 16

207

* Soviet ballet dancer Rudolf Nureyev defects to West in Paris, France. [1] June 17 * Jeff Chandler, actor, dies at age 40. [1] June 19 * Kuwait regains complete independence from Britain. [1] * US Supreme Court strikes down a provision in Maryland's constitution. [1] June 21 * Buena Vista releases Disney's live-action feature film The Parent Trap to theaters in the USA. The film is based on the book Das Doppelte Lottchen by Erich Kastner. [6] June 22 * Betty Elder, actress (Annie Get Your Gun), dies. [1] June 23 * USAF Major Robert M White takes X-15 to 32,830m. [1] June 25 * Iraq announces that Kuwait is a part of Iraq (Kuwait disagrees). [1] * New York Yankee's Roger Maris hits his 40th of 61 home runs. [1] June 29 * Launch of Transit 4a, with first nuclear power supply (SNAP-3). [1] June 30 * Dr Lee De Forest, radio pioneer, dies at age 87. [1] * Explorer (12) fails to reach Earth orbit. [1] July 1 * Haleakala National Park established in Hawaii, USA. [1] July 2 * Ernest Hemingway shoots himself to death in Ketchum, Idaho, USA. [1]

208

July 8 * Portuguese steamer Save breaks up off Mozambique, 227 die. [1] July 13 * Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian-US composer (Second Quartet), dies at age 86. [1] July 19 * First in-flight movie shown (TWA). [1] July 21 * Launch of Mercury 4 (Liberty Bell) with Grissom. [1] July 24 * Beginning of a trend, a US commercial plane is hijacked to Cuba. [1] July 29 * Wallis and Futuna Islands become a French overseas territory. [1] August 1 * Whitney Young Jr named executive director of American National Urban League. [1] August 2 * The Beatles' first gig as house band of Liverpool's Cavern Club. [1] August 5 * 118 degrees F (48 degrees C), Ice Harbor Dam, Washington (state record). [1] * Sir Sidney Holland, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1949-57), dies at age 67. [1] August 6 * Gherman S Titov, second Russian in space aboard Vostok 2 (17 orbits), first case of motion sickness in space reported. [1] August 7 * Cosmonaut Gherman Titov circles Earth for a full day in Vostok 2. [1]

209

August 8 * Charlie Gemora, actor who portrayed King Kong, dies at age 58. [1] August 10 * England applies for membership in the European Common Market. [1] August 13 * Construction on Berlin Wall begins in East Germany. [1] August 17 * US Government establishes Alliance for Progress. [1] August 18 * Construction on Berlin Wall completed. [1] * Learned Hand, Chief judge of US court of Appeals, dies at age 89. [1] August 20 * Vilhjalmur Stefansson, Arctic explorer, dies at age 82. [1] August 23 * US lunar probe Ranger 1 reaches 190 km from Earth, falls back. [1] August 24 * Former Nazi leader Johannes Vorster becomes South Africa's Minister of Justice. [1] August 27 * Francis the Talking Mule is the mystery guest on What's My Line?. [1] August 30 * First Negro judge of a US District Court confirmed-JB Parsons. [1] * Charles Coburn, Academy award winning actor, dies at age 84. [1] September 1 * USSR tests nuclear bombs in central Asia. [1]

210

September 4 * US authorizes Agency for International Development. [1] September 10 * Leo Carrillo, actor who portrayed Pancho on Cisco Kid, dies at age 81. [1] * Mickey Mantle becomes 7th to hit home run number 400. [1] September 12 * NASA civilian pilot Joseph A Walker takes X-15 to 34,840m. [1] September 13 * Car 54 Where are You? premieres on TV. [1] * Unmanned Mercury-Atlas 4 launched into Earth orbit. [1] September 15 * Hurricane Carla strikes Texas with winds of 175 mph. [1] September 17 * Adnan Menderes, Prime Minister of Turkey (1950-60), dies at age 62. [1] September 21 * Earle Dickson, inventor (band-aid), dies at age 68. [1] September 22 * Antonio Albertondo (Argentina) at age 42, completes the first round trip crossing swim of the English Channel in 43 hours, 10 minutes. [1] September 23 * First movie to become a TV series - How to Marry a Millionaire. [1] September 24 * The NBC TV network debuts the Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color show in the USA. The first show is entitled An Adventure in Color, Mathmagic Land. A new character, Ludwig von Drake, is introduced. This show airs the previously released film Donald in Mathmagic Land. [6]

211

September 27 * Sierre Leone becomes the 100th member of the United Nations. [1] September 28 * Michael Shepley, actor (Dick and the Duchess), dies at age 54. [1] * Syria withdraws from United Arab Republic. [1] * USN Commander Forrest S Petersen takes X-15 to 30,720m. [1] September 29 * In Cuba, Fidel Castro announces casino gambling would henceforth be illegal in Havana. [187.385] October 1 * CBS premieres The Lucy Show 30-minute comedy TV show. [179.593] * A believed-extinct volcano erupts in Tristan da Cunha. [1] * Donald Cook, actor (Too Young To Go Steady), dies at age 60. [1] * East and West Cameroon merge as Federal Republic of Cameroon. [1] October 2 * ABC premieres the Ben Casey 60-minute medical drama TV show. [1] [179.100] October 3 * CBS premieres the Dick Van Dyke Show 30-minute comedy TV show. [1] [179.251] * Mr Ed TV show premieres in the USA. [1] October 9 * Tanganyika becomes independent within the British Commonwealth. [1] * Volcano eruptions on Tristan de Cunha (South Atlantic). [1] October 11 * Leonard "Chico" Marx (Marx Brothers), dies at age 74. [1] * USAF Major Robert M White takes X-15 to 66,100m. [1] * Buena Vista releases Disney's live-action feature film Greyfriars Bobby to theaters in the USA. The film is based on the book by Eleanor Atkinson. [6] October 17 * NASA civilian pilot Joseph A Walker takes X-15 to 33,100m. [1]

212

* New York Museum of Modern Art hangs Henri Matisse's Le Bateau upside-down (not corrected until December 3). [1] October 24 * Dr Milan Stoyadinovich, Fascist Yugoslavia Prime Minister (1935-39), dies at age 73. [1] October 25 * Peter Jensen, co-inventer (loud speaker), dies at age 75. [1] October 27 * First Saturn launch vehicle makes an unmanned flight test. [1] * Outer Mongolia and Mauritania become the 102nd and 103rd members of United Nations. [1] October 30 * Soviet Party Congress unanimously approves a resolution removing Josef Stalin's body from Lenin's tomb in Red Square. [1] * Soviet Union tests a 58 megaton hydrogen bomb. [1] November 1 * Joan McCracken, actress (Claudie The Story of a Marriage), dies at age 38. [1] November 2 * James Thurber, humorist (The Male Animal), dies at age 66. [1] November 9 * USAF Major Robert M White takes X-15 to 30,970m. [1] November 13 * Wally Brown, actor (Jed Fame - Cimarron City), dies at age 57. [1] November 16 * Sam Rayburn, US Speaker of the House for 17 years, dies. [1] November 18

213

* US Ranger 2 launched to Moon; failed. [1] November 29 * Freedom Riders attacked by white mob at bus station in Mississippi, USA. [1] * Mercury-Atlas 5 carries a chimp (Enos) to orbit. [1] November 30 * USSR vetoes Kuwait's application for United Nations membership. [1] December 2 * Fidel Castro declares he's a Marxist, and will lead Cuba to Communism. [1] December 3 * Jekabs Graubins, composer, dies at age 75. [1] * Mary Charleson, actress (Upstairs and Downstairs), dies at age 76. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] December 4 * New York Museum of Modern Art corrects orientation of Matisse's Le Bateau painting (it hung upside down for 47 days). [1] * Tanganyika becomes the 104th member of the United Nations. [1] December 8 * William Beatton Moonie, composer, dies at age 78. [1] December 9 * In Israel, German SS Colonel Adolf Eichmann is found guilty of war crimes. [1] * Tanganyika gains independence from Britain, takes name Tanzania. [1] December 10 * US performs nuclear test at Carlsbad, New Mexico (underground). [1] * USSR and Albania break diplomatic relations. [1] December 11 * Elvis Presley's "Blue Hawaii" album goes to #1 and stays #1 for 20 weeks. [1] * US President John Kennedy provides American military helicopters and crews to South Vietnam. [1]

214

* Melvin Calvin is awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for uncovering the process of photosynthesis. [5] December 12 * Daiun Sogaku Harada Zen, founder of Sanbo Kyodan lineage, dies at age 91. [1] * Ham radio satellite Oscar 1 launched with military Discoverer 36. [1] * Martin Luther King Jr and 700 demonstrators arrested in Albany, Georgia, USA. [1] December 13 * Gideon Hausner in Jerusalem demands death penalty for Adolf Eichmann. [1] * Grandma [Anna M] Moses, US painter, dies at age 101. [1] December 14 * Buena Vista releases Disney's first live-action musical feature film Babes in Toyland to theaters in the USA. The film is based on the operetta by Victor Herbert and Glen McDonough. [6] * Jimmy Dean's "Big Bad John" is first country song to get a gold record. [1] December 15 * Adolf Eichmann convicted of crimes against humanity in Israel. [1] * Equal access rule in US, political parties get TV broadcasting time. [1] * US President John Kennedy visits Puerto Rico. [1] * L J Suenens appointed archbishop of Mechelen-Brussels. [1] December 16 * Boris Semyonovich Shekhter, composer, dies at age 61. [1] * Cato Engelen-Sewing; Dutch soprano singer/primadonna, dies at age 93. [1] December 17 * Disgruntled employee sets fire to a Niteroi Circus of Rio de Janeiro circus tent in Niteroi, Brazil; 323 die. [1] * Marion Perkins, sculptor (Man of Sorrow), dies at age 53. [1] December 18 * India annexes Portuguese colonies of Goa, Damao, and Diu. [1] December 19 * British government begins decimal coin system. [1]

215

* Indonesian President Sukarno proclaims general mobilization. [1] December 20 * Moss Heart, US dramatist (You can't take it with you), dies at age 57. [1] December 21 * US President John Kennedy and British Prime Minister MacMillan meet in Bermuda. [1] December 22 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] December 23 * Fidel Castro announces Cuba will release 1,113 prisoners from failed 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion for US$62 million worth of food and medical supplies. [1] * Train accident in Italy, 70 die. [1] December 24 * Guy de Lioncourt, composer, dies at age 76. [1] December 25 * Dr Rheinhold Rudenberg, inventor of the electron microscope, dies. [1] December 27 * Belgium and Congo resume diplomatic relations. [1] December 28 * Edith Bolling Galt Wilson, first lady (1915-21), dies at age 89. [1] * Tennessee Williams' film Night of the Iguana premieres in New York City, New York. [1] December 30 * Jacobus "Ko" van den Bosch; Dutch actor (Amsterdamned)/director, dies at age 53. [1] December 31

216

* Irma La Douce closes at Plymouth Theater in New York City after 527 performances. [1] * Failed coup by Syrian group in Lebanon. [1] * US post-war Marshall Plan expires after distributing more than US$12 billion. [1] Year * Total amount spent on legal soccer pools: Scandinavia US$150 million, Australia US$240 million, Great Britain US$333 million. [80.95] * Total New York state bets on all forms of animal racing: over US$1 billion. [80.205]

217

1962 January 1 * Diego Martínez Barrio, Spanish president (1939), dies at age 76. [1] * Rwanda granted internal self-government by Belgium. [1] * Western Samoa gains independence from New Zealand; Susuga Malietoa Tanumafili II becomes co-chief of Western Samoa. [1] January 2 * Nighttime version of TV show Password with Allen Ludden premieres on CBS. [1] January 3 * Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro. [1] January 4 * New York City introduces the first automated subway train that operates without a crew on-board. [1] [5] January 6 * Jacob "Jaap" Nanninga; Dutch painter (France, North Africa), dies at age 57. [1] January 7 * Assassination attempt on Indonesian president Sukarno fails. [1] * Bollingen Prize for poetry awarded to John Hall Wheelock. [1] January 8 * Dutch express train crashes into slow commuter train, 91 die (Netherlands). [1] January 9 * LeRoy B Shield, US pianist/composer (Union Pacific Suite), dies at age 68. [1] * Mister M (Dr X) beats Verne Gagne in Minnesota, to become NWA champ. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] January 10 * Eruptions on Mount Huascaran in Peru destroy seven villages and kill 3,500. [1] January 12

218

* Richard de Guide, composer, dies at age 52. [1] January 13 * Ernie Kovacs, comedian, dies in a car crash in West Los Angeles, at age 42. [1] January 15 * Dutch and Indonesian navy encounter in Etna Bay, New Guinea. [1] * Kenneth MacKenna, actor (Men Without Women), dies of cancer at age 62. [1] January 16 * Emanuel Stickelberger, Swiss writer (Holbein in England), dies at age 77. [1] January 17 * Gerrit Achterberg, Dutch poet (Dead End), dies at age 56. [1] * NASA civilian pilot Neil A Armstrong takes X-15 to 40,690m. [1] * Roy Harris' 8th Symphony premieres in San Francisco, California. [1] January 18 * Raymond Moulaert, composer, dies at age 86. [1] * US begins spraying foliage in Vietnam to reveal Viet Cong guerrillas. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] January 19 * Snub Pollard, actor (Limelight, Arizona Days), dies of cancer at age 72. [1] January 20 * Robinson Jeffers, poet/playwright (Dear Judas), dies at age 75. [1] January 21 * André Lhote, French painter/art historian, dies at age 76. [1] * Snow falls in San Francisco, California. [1] January 23 * British spy Kim Philby defects to USSR. [1] * Libya, Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia plan to form United Arab Maghreb. [1]

219

January 24 * 28 refugees escape from East to West Germany. [1] * Tom Shirley, actor/TV announcer (They're Off), dies at age 62. [1] January 26 * Bishop Burke of Buffalo Catholic dioceses declares Chubby Checker's "Twist" is impure and bans it from all Catholic schools. [1] * Canadian Marine Service renamed Coast Guard. [1] * Charles "Lucky" Luciano, New York City, New York Mafia gangster, dies at age 65. [1] * David Diamond's 7th Symphony premieres in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. [1] * Fran Lhotka, composer, dies at age 78. [1] * US launches Ranger 3; misses Moon by 22,000 miles (37,000km). [1] January 28 * Johanne Relleke gets stung by bees 2,443 times in Rhodesia and survives. [1] January 29 * Fritz Kreisler, Austria/US violinist/composer, dies at age 86. [1] January 30 * Two members of Flying Wallendas' high-wire act are killed when their 7-person pyramid collapses during a performance in Detroit, Michigan. [1] * United Nations General Assembly censures Portugal (because of Angola). [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] January 31 * General Charles P Cabell, USAF, ends term as deputy director of US Central Intelligence Agency. [1] February 2 * Eight of nine planets align for first time in 400 years. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] February 3 * US President John Kennedy bans all trade with Cuba except for food and drugs. [1] * Werner Bock, writer, dies. [1]

220

February 4 * Russian newspaper Izvestia reports baseball is an old Russian game. [1] February 5 * French President Charles de Gaulle calls for Algeria's independence. [1] * Jacques Ibert, French composer (Escales), dies at age 71. [1] * Law suit to bar Englewood, New Jersey, from "racial segregated" schools is filed. [1] * Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn within 16 degrees. [1] February 7 * Gas explosion in Luisanthal coal mine in Voelklingen, Germany, kills 298. [1] * US President John Kennedy begins blockade of Cuba. [1] February 8 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] February 9 * Buena Vista releases Disney's live-action feature film Moon Pilot to theaters in the USA. The film is based on a story by Robert Buckner. [6] * Jamaica signs agreement to become independent. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] February 10 * USSR swaps spy Francis Gary Power to US for Rudolph Abel. [1] * Willem Paerels, Netherlands/Belgian painter/graphic artist, dies at age 83. [1] February 12 * Bus boycott starts in Macon, Georgia, USA. [1] February 14 * First lady Jacqueline Kennedy conducts White House tour on TV. [1] February 15 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * Vladimir Sokoloff, actor (Road to Morocco, Cloak and Dagger), dies at age 72. [1] February 16

221

* Darius Milhaud's 12th Symphony premieres. [1] February 17 * Beach Boys introduced a new musical style with their hit "Surfin". [1] * Bruno Walter, symphony conductor (New York Philharmonic), dies at age 85. [1] * Joseph Kearns, actor (George - Dennis the Menace), dies at age 55. [1] * Storm in Hamburg, Germany, kills 265. [1] February 18 * France and Algerian Muslims negotiate truce to end seven-year war. [1] February 19 * Albert Israel Elkus, composer, dies at age 77. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] February 20 * NASA's Friendship 7 space craft is launched, with Colonel John Glenn as first American to orbit Earth. The craft makes three orbits in five hours. [1] [129] February 21 * Minister De Pous confirms natural gas reserves in Groningen, Netherlands. [1] February 23 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] February 24 * General mobilization in Indonesia over New-Guinea. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] February 25 * India Congress Party wins elections. [1] * Wilhelm Pessler, German sociologist, dies at age 81. [1] February 26 * Carl Emil Theodor Ehrenberg, composer, dies at age 83. [1] * US Supreme court disallows race separation on public transportation. [1]

222

February 27 * South-Vietnam President Ngo Dinh Diem's palace bombed, first US killed of war. [1] * Willie Best, actor (Charlie - My Little Margie), dies at age 45. [1] February 28 * Harold Ogden "Chic" Johnson, comedian (Olsen and Johnson), dies at age 70. [1] March 1 * American Airlines 707 plunges nose first into Jamaica Bay, New York, killing 95. [1] * First Kmart store opens. [1] * Roscoe Ates, actor (Dep Roscoe - Marshal of Gunsight Pass), dies at age 70. [1] * US/British nuclear test experiment in Nevada. [1] * Uganda became a self-governing country. [1] March 2 * Charles-Jean baron de la Vallée-Poussin, Belgian engineer, dies at age 96. [1] * US President John Kennedy announces US will resume above ground nuclear testing. [1] March 3 * British Antarctic Territory is formed. [1] March 4 * The United States Atomic Energy Commission announces that the first atomic power plant at McMurdo Station in Antarctica is in operation. [1] [5] * Cairine R Wilson, first Canadian female senator (appointed), dies at age 77. [1] March 5 * Anne C Veth, Dutch cartoonist/art critic, dies at age 82. [1] * Otakar Jeremias, composer, dies at age 69. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] March 6 * Rezso Kokai, composer, dies at age 56. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * US promise Thailand assistance against communist aggression. [1]

223

March 7 * The Beatles make their broadcasting debut on BBC radio. [1] * Launch of OSO 1, first astronomy satellite (solar flare data). [1] March 8 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] March 9 * Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser declares Gaza belongs to Palestinians. [1] * Howard Engstrom of Boston, Massachussettes, USA, a designer of Univac computer, dies at age 59. [1] * US advisors in South-Vietnam join the fight. [1] March 11 * Will Vesper, German author (Tristan und Isolde), dies at age 79. [1] March 12 * Dutch Premier De Quay announces secret talks with Indonesia. [1] March 13 * Yugoslavia grants 1,000 prisoners amnesty. [1] March 14 * Disarmament conference opens in Geneva, Switzerland, without France. [1] March 15 * Five research groups announce simultaneously discovery of anti-matter. [1] * Richard Rogers' No Strings opens at 84th Steet Theater in New York City for 580 performances. [1] * Sam Wren, actor (Wren's Nest), dies at age 64. [1] March 16 * First launching of Titan 2 rocket. [1] * John Owen Jones, composer, dies at age 85. [1] * US Super-Constellation disappears above Pacific Ocean, kills 167. [1] March 17

224

* Frank Orth, actor (Boston Blackie, The Brothers), dies at age 82. [1] March 18 * Algerian War ends after 7.5 years of fighting (250,000 die), Ben Bella flees. [1] * Dmitri Shostakovich becomes member of Supreme Soviet of USSR. [1] March 19 * Archbishop Suenens of Mechelen-Brussels appointed cardinal. [1] March 20 * C Wright Mills, US sociologist (Power Elite), dies at age 45. [1] * Dr Andrew E Douglass, dendrochronologer (study of tree rings) dies. [1] March 21 * A bear becomes the first creature to be ejected at supersonic speeds. [1] March 22 * Aura Abranches Port, actress (Lisboa, O Primo Basilio), dies at age 65. [1] March 23 * Josephus RH van Schaik, lawyer/vice-premier of Netherlands, dies at age 80. [1] * Val Paul, producer (F-Man), dies at age 73. [1] March 25 * Auguste Piccard, Swiss explorer/balloonist, dies at age 78. [1] * French OAS-leader ex-General Jouhaud arrested. [1] March 26 * Marjorie Colton, inventor of wax paper, dies at age 64. [1] * US Supreme Court backs 1-man-1-vote apportionment of seats in state legislature. [1] March 27 * Archbishop Rummel ends race segregation in New Orlean Catholic school. [1] March 28

225

* Military coup in Syria, President Nazim al-Kudsi flees. [1] March 29 * Argentine President Frondizi flees from the army. [1] * Jack Paar's final appearance on the The Tonight Show. [1] April 3 * Lieutenant General Marshall S Carter, USA, becomes deputy director of Central Intelligence Agency. [1] * Manolis Kalomiris, Greek opera composer, dies at age 78. [1] April 5 * Manager J Daems appointed bishop of Antwerp, Belgium. [1] * NASA civilian pilot Neil A Armstrong takes X-15 to an altitude of 54,600 metres. [1] * Saint Bernard Tunnel finished-Swiss/Italian workers shake hands. [1] April 6 * J C Heldring, Dutch businessman, dies at age 74. [1] April 7 * Yugoslav ex-president Milovan Djilas returns to jail. [1] April 8 * Accords of Evian (Algeria) accepted by referendum in France. [1] April 9 * 34th Academy Awards - West Side Story, Sophia Loren and Max Schell win. [1] * Juan Belmonte, famed bullfighter, dies at age 70. [1] April 10 * Stuart Sutcliffe, original Beatles bassist, dies of brain hemorrhage at age 21. [1] April 13 * US steel industry forced to give up price increases. [1] April 14

226

* Demonstration for sovereign status of New-Guinea in Amsterdam, Netherlands. [1] * Georges Pompidou becomes President of France. [1] April 15 * US national debt above US$300,000,000,000. [1] April 16 * Brazil nationalizes US businesses. [1] * Walter Cronkite begins anchoring CBS Evening News. [1] April 19 * NASA civilian pilot Joseph A Walker takes X-15 to an altitude of 6,900 metres. [1] April 20 * Arthur Harmat, composer, dies at age 76. [1] * Jesse G Vincent, engineer who designed first V-12 engine, dies at age 82. [1] * NASA civilian pilot Neil A Armstrong takes X-15 to an altitude of 63,250 metres. [1] * OAS-leader ex-General Salan arrested in Algiers. [1] April 21 * Century 21 Exposition opens in Seattle, Washington. [1] * Frederick Handley Page, designer of first big airplane (40 seats), dies. [1] April 22 * Solomon Pimsleur, composer, dies at age 61. [1] * Vera Reynolds, actress (Dragnet Patrol, Lawless Woman), dies at age 62. [1] April 23 * Ranger 4, first US satellite to reach Moon, launched from Cape Canaveral. [1] * Stirling Moss, auto racer, killed while racing at age 32. [1] April 24 * First Lockheed A-12 is taxi tested. [1] * MIT sends TV signal by satellite for first time: California to Massachusetts. [1] April 25

227

* US Ranger spacecraft crash lands on the Moon. [1] * US resumes above ground nuclear testing, at Christmas Island. [1] April 26 * First Lockheed A-12 flies. [1] * US/United Kingdom launch Ariel; first international payload. [1] April 27 * US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Christmas Island. [1] April 29 * 16th Tony Awards: Man For All Seasons and How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying win. [1] April 30 * NASA civilian pilot Joseph A Walker takes X-15 to an altitude of 75,190 metres. [1] May 1 * First French underground nuclear experiment in the Sahara. [1] * France performs underground nuclear test at Ecker, Algeria. [1] * US President John Kennedy authorizes Area Redevelopment Act (ARA). [1] May 2 * Organization of the Secret Army strikes in Algeria. [1] * US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Christmas Island. [1] May 3 * Express train crashes into wreckage of a commuter train and a freight, killing 163, injuring 400 (Tokyo, Japan). [1] May 4 * US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Christmas Island. [1] May 5 * West Side Story soundtrack album goes to #1 and stays #1 for 54 weeks which is more than 20 weeks longer than any other album to date. [1]

228

May 6 * First nuclear warhead fired from Polaris submarine (Ethan Allen). [1] * Antonio Segni elected President of Italy. [1] * Pathet Lao breaks cease fire/conquerors Nam Tha Laos. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Pacific Ocean. [1] May 7 * Jimmy Conlin dies at age 77. [1] * Pulitzer prize awarded to Theodore H White (Making of President 1960). [1] * US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Christmas Island. [1] May 8 * A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum opens at Alvin Theater in New York City for 965 performances. [1] * First Atlas Centaur Launch. [1] * London, England trolley buses go out of service. [1] May 9 * Laser beam successfully bounced off Moon for first time. [1] * US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Christmas Island. [1] May 11 * Antonio Segni becomes President of Italy. [1] * US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Christmas Island. [1] * US sends troops to Thailand. [1] May 12 * Dick Calkins, co-author (Buck Rogers), dies at age 67. [1] * US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Christmas Island. [1] May 13 * Frank Jenks, actor (Colonel Flack), dies of cancer at age 60. [1] * Franz Jozef Kline, US expressionist painter, dies at age 51. [1] * Death of H Trendley Dean, doctor (introduced fluoridation into water). [1] May 14 * Ex-President of Yugoslavia Milovan Djilas sentenced to five years. [1] * Princess Sophia of Greece weds Don Juan Carlos of Spain. [1]

229

* US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Christmas Island. [1] May 15 * US marines arrive in Laos. [1] May 17 * Buena Vista releases Disney's live-action feature film Bon Voyage to theaters in the USA. The film is based on the book by Marrijane and Joseph Hayes. [6] May 19 * Indonesian paratroopers land in New Guinea. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Christmas Island (atmospheric). [1] May 22 * In Los Angeles, California, the 14th Annual Emmy Awards are presented, hosted by Bob Newhart, Johnny Carson, and David Brinkley. o Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography for Television: John S. Priestley for Naked City o Outstanding Achievement in Film Editing for Television: Hugh Chaloupka, Aaron Nibley, and Charles L. Freeman for Naked City o Outstanding Achievement in Original Music Composed for Television: Richard Rodgers for Winston Churchill: The Valiant Years o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Series (Lead): E.G. Marshall for The Defenders o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Series (Lead): Shirley Booth for Hazel o Outstanding Daytime Program: Purex Summer Specials o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy: Nat Hiken for Car 54, Where Are You? o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Drama: Franklin J. Schaffner for The Defenders o Outstanding Performance in a Supporting Role by an Actor: Don Knotts for The Andy Griffith Show o Outstanding Performance in a Supporting Role by an Actress: Pamela Brown for Victoria Regina o Outstanding Performance in a Variety or Musical Program or Series: Carol Burnett for The Garry Moore Show o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of Drama: The Defenders o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of Educational and Public Affairs Programming: David Brinkley's Journal o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of Humor: The Bob Newhart Show

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o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of News: The Huntley-Brinkley Report o Outstanding Program Achievements in the Fields of Variety and Music - Variety: The Garry Moore Show o Outstanding Single Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role: Peter Falk in the episode "The Price of Tomatoes" of The Dick Powell Show o Outstanding Single Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role: Julie Harris for Victoria Regina o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Comedy: Carl Reiner for The Dick Van Dyke Show o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Drama: Reginald Rose for The Defenders o The Program of the Year: Victoria Regina [1] [181] * Netherlands telephone net becomes completely automated. [1] * Robert A Rushworth, USAF major, takes X-15 to 30,600 metres. [1] May 23 * OAS leader General Raoul Salan sentenced to life. [1] May 24 * M Scott Carpenter aboard Aurora 7 launched into earth orbit. [1] May 25 * US performs nuclear test at Christmas Island (atmospheric). [1] * American unions AFL-CIO starts campaign for 35-hour work week. [1] May 28 * Law suit alleging de facto school segregation filed in Rochester, New York. [1] * US stock market drops US$20.8 billion in one day. [1] * Wide World of Sports with Chris Schenkel premieres on CBS radio. [1] May 30 * 69 killed in bus crash (Ahmedabad, India). [1] May 31 * Tell It To Groucho last airs on CBS-TV. [1] * Adolf Eichmann, war criminal, hanged for crimes against Jews in WWII at Ramie Prison in Israel at age 56. [1] * Eduardo Toldra, composer, dies at age 67. [1]

231

June 1 * Oscar 2 (ham radio satellite) launched into Earth orbit. [1] * USAF Major Robert M White takes X-15 to 40,420 m. [1] June 3 * Air France Boeing 707 crashes on takeoff from Paris, kills 130. [1] June 6 * Guinn Williams, actor (Big Boy - Circus Boy), dies at age 63. [1] June 7 * NASA civilian test pilot Joseph A Walker takes X-15 to 31,580m. [1] June 12 * USAF Major Robert M White takes X-15 to 56,270m. [1] June 13 * Buena Vista releases Disney's live-action feature film Big Red to theaters in the USA. The film is based on the novel by Jim Kjelgaard. [6] * Sir Eugene Goossens, composer, dies at age 69. [1] June 14 * Anna Sleasers is first Boston Strangler victim. [1] June 15 * South Africa passes a bill setting death penalty for many crimes. [1] June 19 * Frank Borzage, academy award winning director, dies at age 69. [1] June 21 * USAF Major Robert M White takes X-15 to 75,190m. [1] June 25 * US Supreme Court rules New York school prayer unconstitutional. [1]

232

June 27 * NASA civilian pilot Joseph Walker takes X-15 to 6,606 kph, 37,700m. [1] June 29 * First flight of Vickers (British Aerospace) VC-10 long-range airliner. [1] July 1 * Burundi and Rwanda gain independence from Belgium (National Days). [1] July 3 * Algerian Revolution against French ends (Algeria gains independence on July 5). [1] July 4 * Rex Bell, cowboy (Cowboys and Injuns), dies at age 56. [1] July 5 * Algeria gains independence after 132 years of French rule. [1] July 6 * William Faulkner, author, inventor of Yoknapatawpha Co, dies at age 64. [1] July 10 * Martin Luther King Jr arrested during demonstration in Georgia, USA. [1] * The world's first communications satellite (Telstar) is launched into orbit. [1] [5] July 11 * First transatlantic TV transmission via satellite (Telstar I). [1] [5] * Cosmonaut Micolaev sets record longest space flight - four days. [1] * Fred Baldasare is first to swim English Channel underwater (scuba). [1] July 12 * First time two manned crafts in space (USSR). [1] * Rock music group Rolling Stones' first performance (Marquee Club, London). [1] July 16

233

* NASA civilian test pilot Joseph A Walker takes X-15 to 32,600m. [1] July 17 * US Senate rejects medicare for the aged. [1] * Little Feller I becomes the last atmospheric test detonation at the Nevada Test Site. [5] July 21 * 160 civil right activists jailed after demonstration in Albany, Georgia, USA. [1] July 22 * First US Venus probe, Mariner 1, fails at lift-off. [1] July 27 * Martin Luther King Jr jailed in Albany, Georgia. [1] July 28 * Nineteen die in a train crash in Steelton, Pennsylvania, USA. [1] July 31 * Federation of Malaysia forms. [1] August 2 * NASA civilian test pilot Joseph A Walker takes X-15 to 32,600m. [1] August 5 * First quasar located by radio. [1] * Marilyn Monroe found dead of apparent self-inflicted drug overdose. [1] [5] * Nelson Mandela is arrested for incitement and illegally leaving South Africa. [1] August 6 * Jamaica gains independence from Britain. [1] August 10 * Ted Husing, sportscaster (Monday Night Fights), dies at age 60. [1]

234

August 11 * Andrian G Nikolayev becomes third Russian in space aboard Vostok 3. [1] * Beach Boys release "Surfin' Safari". [1] August 12 * Russia launches Vostok 4, Pavel Popovich, who lands safely August 15. [1] August 14 * French and Italian workers break through at Mount Blanc Vehicular Tunnel. [1] * NASA civilian test pilot Joseph A Walker takes X-15 to 60,000m. [1] * US mail truck in Plymouth, Massachusetts robbed of more than US$1.5 million. [1] August 15 * Shady Grove Baptist Church burned in Leesburg, Georgia, USA. [1] August 17 * The Beatles replace Pete Best with Ringo Starr. [1] * East German border guards shot and kill Peter Fechter, 18, attempting to cross Berlin Wall into western sector. [1] August 18 * Peter, Paul and Mary release their first hit "If I Had a Hammer". [1] August 19 * Kerstin Hesselgren, first woman in Swedish parliament, dies at age 90. [1] August 23 * Hoot Gibson, silent screen cowboy actor, dies at age 70. [1] August 27 * Mariner 2 launched; first probe to fly by Venus. [1] August 31 * Trinidad and Tobago gain independence from Britain (National Day). [1]

235

September 1 * 10,000 die in an earthquake in western Iran. [1] * United Nations announces Earth population has hit 3 billion. [1] September 3 * E. E. Cummings, poet, dies at age 67. [1] September 9 * Pat Rooney, vaudevillian, dies at age 82. [1] September 17 * US space officials announce selection of nine new astronauts. [1] September 18 * Rwanda, Burundi, Jamaica, and Trinidad admitted (105th-108th) to the United Nations. [1] September 23 * ABC's first color TV series - The Jetsons. [1] * New York's Philharmonic Hall (later renamed Avery Fisher Hall) opens as first unit of the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts. [1] September 25 * A black church is destroyed by fire in Macon, Georgia, USA. [1] September 26 * TV comedy series The Beverly Hillbillies premieres on CBS. [1] * Yemen Arab Republic proclaimed (National Day). [1] September 27 * Francisco Brochado da Rocha, Prime Minister of Brazil (1962), dies at age 52. [1] * US sells Israel Hawk anti-aircraft missiles. [1] September 29 * Launch of Alouette 1, first Canadian satellite (on US Delta rocket). [1] * Patrick Corry, developed self-rotating rock drill, dies in the Bronx, New York. [1]

236

October 1 * Brian Epstein signs a contract to manage The Beatles through 1977. [1] * Johnny Carson hosts his first The Tonight Show, Joan Crawford is guest. [1] * The Lucy Show TV show premieres in the US. [1] * US National Radio Astronomy Observatory gets a 300-foot (91-metre) radio telescope. [1] October 2 * Frank Lovejoy, actor (Man Against Crime, Meet McGraw), dies at age 48. [1] October 3 * Wally Schirra in Sigma 7 launched into Earth orbit. [1] October 4 * USAF Major Robert A Rushworth takes X-15 to 32,300m. [1] October 5 * In the United Kingdom, the first James Bond movie is released. [5] * Beatles release their first single record "Love Me Do". [1] [5] October 8 * Algeria admitted as 109th member of the United Nations. [1] * North Korea reports 100 percent election turnout, 100 percent vote for Workers' Party. [1] October 9 * Lulu McConnell, comediene (It Pays to be Ignorant), dies at age 80. [1] * NASA civilian test pilot John B McKay takes X-15 to 39,200m. [1] October 11 * Second Vatican Council (21st ecumenical) convened by Pope John XXIII. [1] October 12 * US/USSR sign joint space effort in telecommunications and meteorology. [1] October 13

237

* At the Riverside International Raceway in California, the Los Angeles Times ThreeHour Invitational Grand Prix race is held. 1963 model production Corvettes make their racing debut, as does the Ford-powered Cobra. Finishing 1st overall is the Mickey Thompson #119 black Corvette Z06, driven by Doug Hooper. He averages 84-mph over the 250-mile course. The 260-ci Cobra leads by about one mile after one hour of racing when its rear suspension fails. [8] October 15 * Byron R White appointed to the US Supreme Court. [1] * U.S. intelligence personnel analyzing U-2 spy plane data discover that the Soviets are building medium-range missile sites in Cuba. [129] October 16 * US President John Kennedy becomes aware of missiles in Cuba. [1] October 18 * Dr Watson (US) and Drs Crick and Wilkins (Great Britain) win Nobel Prize for Medicine for work in determining structure of DNA. [1] * US launches Ranger 5 for lunar impact; misses Moon. [1] October 22 * In a televised speech, US President John F. Kennedy announces that U.S. spy planes have discovered Soviet missile bases in Cuba which would house medium-range missiles capable of striking a number of major cities in the United States. Kennedy announces that he is ordering a naval "quarantine" of Cuba to prevent Soviet ships from transporting any more offensive weapons to the island. [1] [129] * Pacific Science Center opens at Seattle Center, Washington, USA. [1] October 23 * US navy ships begin a blockade of Cuba, to prevent Soviet ships from bringing in supplies to complete building missile bases. [129] * USAF Major Robert A Rushworth takes X-15 to 40,800m. [1] October 24 * During the American blockade of Cuba, Soviet tanker Bucharest approaches the quarantine zone. U.S. military forces go to DEFCON 2, preparing for full-scale war with the Soviet Union. [129] October 25

238

* 110th member of the United Nations is admitted (Uganda). [1] * American author John Steinbeck is awarded Nobel Prize in literature. [1] * Stevenson demands USSR ambassador Zorin answer regarding Cuban missile bases saying "I am prepared to wait for my answer until hell freezes over". [1] October 26 * The Soviet Union transmits a proposal for ending the Cuban Missile Crisis: The missile bases would be removed in exchange for a U.S. pledge not to invade Cuba. [129] * Louise Beavers, actress (Beulah - Beulah), die at age 64. [1] October 27 * Soviet Union leasder Nikita Khrushchev publicly calls for the dismantling of U.S. missile bases in Turkey. US President Kennedy agrees to remove the sites at a later. [129] * Fatso Marco, comedian (Milton Berle Show), dies at age 56. [1] October 28 * Nikita Khrushchev announces his government's intent to dismantle and remove all offensive Soviet weapons in Cuba. [1] [129] November 1 * Greece enters the European Common Market. [1] * USSR launches Mars 1; radio contact lost before arrival at Mars. [1] November 2 * US President John Kennedy announces Cuban missile bases are being dismantled. [1] November 3 * Harlow H Curtice, President of General Motors (1953-58), dies at age 69. [1] November 6 * The United Nations General Assembly adopts a resolution condemning South Africa's racist apartheid policies and calling on all its members to end economic and military relations with the country. [129] * Edward M Kennedy first elected (Senator-Democrat-Massachusetts). [1] * Edward W Brooke (Republican) is elected attorney general of Massachusetts. [1] November 7

239

* Eleanor Roosevelt, former First Lady, dies at age 78 in New York City. [1] [5] * Richard Nixon quits US politics - "You won't have Nixon to kick around". [1] November 11 * Rene Coty, President of France, dies at age 80. [1] November 12 * Sid Tomack, actor (Jim Gillis - Life of Riley, My Friend Irma). [1] November 17 * Arthur Vining Davis, CEO (Alcoa 1910-1957), dies at age 92 in Miami, Florida. [1] * US President John Kennedy dedicates Dulles International Airport outside Washington DC. [1] November 18 * Niels Bohr, physicist who won the Nobel Prize in 1922, dies at age 77. [1] November 20 * Jasper McLevy, socialist mayor of Bridgeport, Connecticut, dies. [1] * US lifts blockade of Cuba. [1] November 23 * Gloria Gordon, actress (My Friend Irma), dies at age 81. [1] November 24 * James J Kilroy, tank inspector (Kilroy was here), dies at age 60. [1] November 28 * Queen Mother Wilhelmina of Netherlands dies at age 82. [1] November 29 * Rav Aaron Kotler, Orthodox Talmudic scholar, dies in Lakewood, New Jersey. [1] November 30

240

* U Thant of Burma unanimously elected third Secretary-General of United Nations. [1] December 3 * Pravda criticizes western art. [1] December 4 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] December 6 * US abandons Skybolt ballistic missile program. [1] December 7 * Great Britain performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * Kirsten Flagstead, Norwegian soprano (Wagner), dies at age 67. [1] December 8 * I Can Get It For You Wholesale closes at Shubert theater in New York City after 300 performances. [1] * 114-day newspaper strike begins in New York City, New York, USA. [1] * Failed coup in Brunei. [1] * Funeral for Queen Wilhelmina of Holland (New Kerk, Delft). [1] December 9 * Tanganyika becomes a republic within the British Commonwealth. [1] December 10 * Hunters Point (San Francisco) jitney ends service after 50 years. [1] December 12 * Sid Saylor, actor (Wally - Waterfront), dies at age 67. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] December 13 * Relay 1 communication satellite launched. [1] December 14

241

* Mariner 2 launched, makes first US visit to another planet (Venus). [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] December 15 * Charles Laughton, English actor (Hunchback of Notre Dame), dies at age 63. [1] * Vaughn Meader's "The first Family" album goes #1 and stays #1 for 12 weeks. [1] December 16 * Constitutional Monarchical Hindu State of Nepál adopts new constitution. [1] * David Lean's Lawrence of Arabia film premieres. [1] December 17 * Current constitution of Monaco promulgated. [1] * Thomas Mitchell, American actor (Outlaw), dies of cancer at age 70. [1] December 18 * USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya. [1] December 19 * Nyasaland secedes from Rhodesia and Nyasaland. [1] * Transit 5A1, first operational navigational satellite, launched. [1] December 20 * Erik William Gustav Leidzen, composer, dies at age 68. [1] * Luis Abraham Delgadillo, composer, dies at age 75. [1] * The Osmond brothers debut on the Andy Williams Show. [1] December 21 * Angolin leaves Comecon. [1] * US and Cuba accord, for release of Bay of Pigs captives. [1] December 22 * USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya. [1] December 23 * Cuba starts returning US prisoners from the Bay of Pigs invasion. [1]

242

* George Saiko, writer, dies at age 70. [1] * Luis Alberni, actor (Topaze), dies at age 76. [1] December 24 * USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya. [1] December 25 * USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya. [1] December 28 * United Nations troops occupy Elizabethstad, Katanga. [1] December 31 * Match Game TV game show debuts on NBC with host Gene Rayburn. [1] * Dutch leave New Guinea. [1] * Katanga becomes part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. [1] Year * Total spending in the USA on legal pari-mutuel greyhound racing: US$500 million. [80.200] * Total state lottery income in France: US$50 million, total payout US$128 million. [80.238] * Total quantity of Swedish lottery ticket sales: 17,980,000. [80.241] * In Finland, total state income from soccer betting pools is US$18 million. [80.334] * In France, total betting on off-track legal pari-mutuel totals US$520 million. [80.334] * Total betting amounts spent in Great Britain: o horse races: US$1.5 billion, o soccer pools: US$239 million, o greyhound racing: US$322 million, o bingo: US$84 million, o premium bonds: US$43 million. [80.336] * In Italy, US$81 million is bet on the state lottery, which pays out US$37 million in prizes. [80.338]

243

1963 January 1 * G Woods succeeds Eugene Black as president of the World Bank. [1] January 2 * Dick Powell, actor/director (Dick Powell Theater), dies at age 58. [1] * Jack Carson, actor (Star is Born, Mildred Pierce), dies at age 52. [1] January 3 * Oscar Backing, Austria/Netherlands viola player, dies at age 83. [1] January 4 * Soviet Luna (4) reaches Earth orbit but fails to reach Moon. [1] January 5 * Camelot closes at Majestic Theater in New York City, New York after 873 performances. [1] * Carnival! closes at Imperial Theater in New York City, New York after 719 performances. [1] January 6 * NBC premieres the Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom 30-minute documentary TV show, with host Marlin Perkins. [1] [179.1073] * Oliver! opens at Imperial Theater in New York City, New York for 774 performances. [1] * Lourens GM Baas Becking, Dutch botanist/resistance fighter, dies at age 68. [1] January 8 * Mona Lisa painting, on loan, is unveiled in America's National Gallery of Art. [1] * Stark Young, US writer (So Red the Rose), dies at age 81. [1] January 9 * Mao Tse-tung writes his poem "Reply to Comrade Kuo Mo-jo". [1] January 10 * Tadeusz Szeligowski, composer, dies at age 66. [1]

244

January 11 * First discotheque opens, The Whiskey-a-go-go in Los Angeles, California, USA. [1] * Arthur D Nock, English/American historian (Saint Paul), dies at age 60. [1] January 12 * "Go Away Little Girl" by Steve Lawrence peaks at #1. [1] January 13 * Leonardus G Kortenhorst, Dutch Member of Parliament (KVP), dies at age 76. [1] January 14 * George C Wallace sworn in as Governor of Alabama, his address states "segregation now; segregation tomorrow; segregation forever!". [1] * Gustav Regler, writer, dies at age 64. [1] * French President General Charles de Gaulle vetos Great Britain joining the European Economic Communnity. [162.51] January 16 * Gilardo Gilardi, composer, dies at age 73. [1] * Soviet leader Khrushchev claims to have a 100-megaton nuclear bomb. [1] January 17 * Joe Walker takes X-15 to altitude of 82 km. [1] January 21 * Al Saint John, actor (Law and Order, Devil Riders), dies at age 70. [1] * Franz Jung, writer, dies at age 74. [1] January 22 * Elysée Treaty of friendship signed by President Charles de Gaulle of France and Chancellor Konrad Adenauer of West Germany. [162.51] [163.48] January 24 * Buddy Rogers and Lou Thesz wrestle in Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rogers becomes WWF wrestling champion and Thesz becomes NWA champ. [1]

245

January 25 * Wilson Kettle of Newfoundland, Canada, dies at age 102, leaving 582 living descendents. [1] January 26 * John Sigvard Olsen, comedian (Olsen and Johnson), dies at age 70. [1] January 27 * John Farrow, actor/director (Botany Bay), dies at age 58. [1] January 28 * -34 degrees F (-37 degrees C) in Cynthiana, Kentucky, USA (state record). [1] * Jean Felix Piccard, swiss explorer, dies on his 79th birthday. [1] January 29 * Robert Lee Frost, American poet (New Hampshire, four Pulitzers), dies at age 88. [1] [5] January 30 * Francis Poulenc, French composer (Litanies à la Vierge Noire), dies at age 74. [1] February 1 * Nyasaland (later Malawi) becomes self-governing under Hastings Banda. [1] February 2 * Herman Bouber [Blom], actor/playwright (Bluejackets), dies at age 77. [1] February 5 * Maarten Schmidt discovers enormous red shifts in quasars. [1] * Soviet lunar probe failure. [1] February 6 * Mohammed ibn al-Chattabi Abd el-Krim, Morocco opposition leader, dies. [1] * Werner Erich Josten, German composer (Jungle), dies at age 77. [1] February 8

246

* Abdul Karim Kassem, Prime Minister of Iraq (1958-63), assassinated in Baghdad at age 48. [1] * First transmission of Clandestine Voice of Iraqi People (Communist). [1] * George Dolenz, Italian actor (Count of Monte Cristo), dies at age 55. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] February 9 * First flight of Boeing 727 jet. [1] * 7th largest snowfall in New York City history (42.4 cm, 16.7 inches). [1] February 11 * US Central Intelligence Agency Domestic Operations Division is created. [1] * Sylvia Plath, poet/novelist (Ariel), kills herself in London at age 30. [1] February 12 * Argentina asks for extradition of ex-president Peron. [1] February 14 * US launches communications satellite Syncom 1. [1] February 16 * The Beatles hit the top of British rock charts with "Please, Please Me". [1] * C and A Building in Amsterdam burns down. [1] * Laszlo Lajtha, composer, dies at age 70. [1] February 18 * Monte Blue, silent film actor (Apache), dies of heart attack at age 73. [1] * Todd "Hugh" Gaitskell, leader British Labour Party, dies at age 56. [1] February 19 * Robert Frost wins Bollingen Prize. [1] * USSR informs John Kennedy it is withdrawing several thousand troops from Cuba. [1] February 21 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1]

247

February 25 * The Beatles release their first single in US "Please Please Me". [1] February 26 * Artturi A Leinonen, Finnish journalist/politician (Prophet), dies at age 74. [1] February 28 * Theodore Newton, actor (Voltaire, Ace of Aces), dies at age 58. [1] March 1 * 200,000 French mine workers strike. [1] March 3 * Senegal adopts constitution. [1] March 4 * William Carlos Williams, US physician/poet, dies at age 79. [1] [5] March 5 * Cyril Smith, actor (Adventures of Sir Lancelot), dies at age 70. [1] * Hawkshaw Hawkins, country singer (Ozark Jubilee), dies at age 41. [1] * Patsy Cline, country singer ("Crazy", "I Fall To Pieces"), dies in a plane crash at age 30. [1] March 6 * Kornelis ter Laan, first Dutch socialist mayor (Zaandam), dies at age 91. [1] March 8 * Syrian Arab Republic Revolution Day: Military coup in Syria. [1] March 11 * Somalia drops diplomatic relations with Great Britain. [1] March 13 * Two Russian reconnaissance flights over Alaska. [1]

248

* Indonesia and Netherlands recover diplomatic relations. [1] March 17 * Elizabeth Ann Seton of New York beatified (canonized in 1975). [1] * Eruptions of Mount Agung Bali, kills 1,500 Balinese. [1] * William Henry Squire, composer, dies at age 91. [1] March 18 * France performs underground nuclear test at Ecker, Algeria. [1] * US Supreme Court's Miranda Decision: defendants must have lawyers. [1] March 20 * First "Pop Art" exhibition (New York City, New York). [1] * Karl Otten, writer, dies at age 73. [1] * Sikkim crown prince Paldan Thondup Namgyal marries Hope Cooke. [1] March 21 * Alcatraz federal penitentiary in San Francisco Bay, California closed. [1] March 22 * The Beatles release first album, "Please Please Me". [1] March 28 * Alec A Templeton, composer/pianist (Alec Templeton Time), dies at age 52. [1] March 29 * Buena Vista releases Disney's live-action feature film Miracle of the White Stallions to theaters in the USA. The film is based on the book The Dancing White Horses of Vienna by Colonel Alois Podhajsky. [6] * Final episode of soap opera Young Doctor Malone. [1] * Pola Gojawiczynska, Polish author (Stolica), dies at age 64. [1] March 30 * Alexander Vasil'yevich Gauk, composer, dies at age 69. [1] * France performs underground nuclear test at Ecker, Algeria. [1] March 31

249

* Los Angeles, California, ends streetcar service after 90 years. [1] April 1 * New York City's newspapers resume publishing after a 114-day strike. [1] * Soap operas General Hospital and The Doctors (NBC, 30 minutes) premiere on TV in the USA. [1] [5] [179.258] April 2 * Explorer 17 attains Earth orbit (254/914 km). [1] * USSR launches Luna 4; misses Moon by 8,500 km. [1] April 4 * Jason Robards Sr, actor (Acapulco), dies at age 70. [1] April 5 * The Beatles receive their first silver disc ("Please Please Me"). [1] * Jacobus JP Old, architect/co-founder (The Style), dies at age 73. [1] * Julius Harrison, composer, dies at age 78. [1] * Susuga Malietoa Tanumafili II becomes chief of Western Samoa. [1] April 7 * Yugoslavia proclaimed a Socialistic republic. [1] April 8 * 35th Academy Awards - Lawrence of Arabia, Anne Bancroft and Gregory Peck win. [1] April 9 * Sir Winston Churchill is proclaimed an honorary U.S. citizen, in White House ceremony. [1] April 10 * American atomic-powered submarine Thresher sinks 220 miles east of Boston, Massachusetts. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] April 11

250

* Pope John XXIII encyclical On peace in truth, justice, charity and liberty. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] April 12 * The Beatles' "From Me to You" is released in the United Kingdom. [1] * Birmingham, Alabama, police use dogs and cattle prods on peaceful demonstrators. [1] April 18 * Dr James Campbell performs the first human nerve transplant. [1] April 20 * All Africa Conferences of Churches opens in Kampala, Uganda. [1] April 21 * Dr Michael Ellis De Bakey performs first successful heart implant. [1] April 24 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] April 27 * "Jopie" Pengel forms government in Suriname. [1] * Cuban premier Fidel Castro arrives in Moscow. [1] April 28 * 17th Tony Awards: Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? and A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum win. [1] April 30 * Bryant Washburn, actor (Nabonga, Millionaire Kid), dies at age 74. [1] May 1 * First American (James Whittaker) conquers Mount Everest. [1] * Indonesia takes control of Irian Jaya (west New Guinea) from Netherlands. [1] May 2

251

* Tomas Vackar, composer, dies at age 17. [1] * Van Wyck Brooks, US historian (Ordeal of Mark Twain), dies at age 77. [1] May 5 * Heinrich Gebhard, composer, dies. [1] * Jacobus JP Old, architect/co-founder (Stijl), dies at age 73. [1] May 6 * Monty Wooley, actor (Pied Piper, Man Who Came to Dinner), dies at age 74. [1] * Pulitzer prize awarded to Barbara Tuchman (Guns of August). [1] May 7 * SETC Telstar 2 launched (apogee 6,700 miles (10,800 km)). [1] May 8 * James Bond film Dr No premieres in theaters in the US. [1] * US President John Kennedy offers Israel assistance against aggression. [1] May 9 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] May 10 * Decca signs the Rolling Stones on advice of The Beatles' George Harrison. [1] May 11 * Racial bomb attacks in Birmingham, Alabama, USA. [1] May 12 * Race riot in Birmingham, Alabama, USA. [1] * Stanislaw Wiechowicz, composer, dies at age 69. [1] May 14 * Kuwait is 111th member of the United Nations. [1] May 15 * Last Project Mercury flight, L Gordon Cooper in Faith 7, launched. [1]

252

* Peter, Paul and Mary win their first Grammy ("If I Had a Hammer"). [1] May 16 * Gordon Cooper completes 22 orbits in Faith 7, ends US Project Mercury. [1] May 17 * Bruno Sammartino beats Buddy Rogers in New York, to become WWF champion. [1] * US performs nuclear Test at Nevada Test Site. [1] May 18 * "If You Wanna Be Happy" by Jimmy Soul hits #1. [1] May 20 * Sukarno appointed President of Indonesia. [1] May 24 * First Lockheed A-12 to crash, US Central Intelligence Agency pilot Ken Collins ejects safely. [1] * Elmore James, blues guitarist, dies at age 45 of a heart attack. [1] May 25 * Organization for African Unity is formed by Chad, Mauritania, and Zambia. [1] May 26 * In Los Angeles, California, the 15th Annual Emmy Awards are presented, hosted by Joey Bishop, Arthur Godfrey, and Chet Huntley. o Outstanding Single Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role: Trevor Howard for Invincible Mr. Disraeli o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Series (Lead): E.G. Marshall for The Defenders o Outstanding Single Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role: Kim Stanley for episode "A Cardinal Act of Mercy" of Ben Casey o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Series (Lead): Shirley Booth for Hazel o Outstanding Performance in a Supporting Role by an Actor: Don Knotts for The Andy Griffith Show o Outstanding Performance in a Supporting Role by an Actress: Glenda Farrell for episode "A Cardinal Act of Mercy" of Ben Casey

253

o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy: John Rich for The Dick Van Dyke Show o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Drama: Stuart Rosenberg for episode "The Madman" of The Defenders o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Comedy: Carl Reiner for The Dick Van Dyke Show o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Drama: Robert Thom and Reginald Rose for episode "The Madman" of The Defenders o Outstanding Achievement in Composing Original Music: Robert Russell Bennett for episode "He Is Risen" of Project XX o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of Music: Julie and Carol at Carnegie Hall o Outstanding Performance in a Variety or Musical Program or Series: Carol Burnett for Julie and Carol at Carnegie Hall and for An Evening with Carol Burnett o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of Variety: The Andy Williams Show o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of Drama: The Defenders o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of Children's Programming: Disneyland o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of Humor: The Dick Van Dyke Show o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of News Commentary or Public Affairs: David Brinkley's Journal o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of Panel, Quiz or Audience Participation: The General Electric College Bowl o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of News: The Huntley-Brinkley Report o Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography for Television: John S. Priestley for Naked City [1] [182] * Sharon Lynn, actress (Way Out West, Big Broadcast), dies at age 53. [1] May 27 * Jomo Kenyatta elected first prime minister of Kenya. [1] * Lambrakis, Greek EDA-parliament leader, murdered. [1] May 28 * Cyclone hits Chittagong, Bangladesh; estimated 22,000 die and one million houses destroyed. [1] * Jomo Kenyatta becomes first Prime Minister of Kenya. [1] * Vissarion Yakovlevich Shebalin, composer, dies at age 60. [1] May 31

254

* Carel C van Essen, archaeologist (Art of Ancient Rome), dies at age 63. [1] June 1 * King Victor Emmanual III of Italy becomes Emperor of Ethiopia. [1] June 3 * Paul Maxey, actor (Matt - Lassie, Mayor - People's Choice), dies at age 57. [1] * Pope John XXIII dies at age 81. [1] June 7 * First Rolling Stones TV appearance (Thank Your Lucky Stars). [1] * Zasu Pitts, actress (Wedding March, Life With Father), dies at age 65. [1] June 9 * Movie Cleopatra opens in New York, USA. [1] June 11 * Governor Wallace tries to prevent blacks registering at University of Alabama. [1] * US President John Kennedy says segregation is morally wrong and that it is "time to act". [1] * Quang Duc, Buddhist monk, immolates himself on a street in Saigon. [1] June 12 * Medgar Evers, NAACP official, murdered in Jackson, Mississippi at age 37. [1] June 14 * Valery Bykovsky in Vostok 5 orbits earth 81 times in five days. [1] June 16 * Levi Eshkol replaces David Ben-Gurion as Israeli Prime Minister. [1] * Valentina Tereshkova becomes first woman in space, aboard Vostok 6. [1] June 17 * US Supreme Court rules against Bible reading/prayer in public schools. [1] June 19

255

* Valentina Tereshkova, first woman in space, returns to Earth. [1] June 20 * Gordon Jones, actor (Mike the Cop - Abbott and Costello), dies at age 52. [1] * Joseph Self, murderer, executed in Washington state. [1] * Ralph Sanford, actor (Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp), dies at age 64. [1] * US and USSR agree to set up "Hot Line". [1] June 21 * Pope Paul VI (Giovanni Battista Montini) succeeds John XXIII. [1] June 23 * The Enchanted Tiki Room attraction opens in Adventureland at Disneyland. This is the first attraction with sophisticated Audio-Animatronic figures, 225 of them. [6] June 24 * First demonstration of home video recorder, at BBC Studios, London, England. [1] * Zanzibar granted internal self-government by Britain. [1] June 26 * USA President John F. Kennedy speaks the famous words "Ich bin ein Berliner" (I am a Berliner) on a visit to West Berlin. [1] [5] June 27 * US President John Kennedy spends first full day in Ireland. [1] * USAF Major Robert A Rushworth in X-15 reaches 86,900 metres. [1] 1963 July 1 * US postal service institutes the (Zone Improvement Plan) zip code. [1] [5] July 4 * Grant Richards, actor (Doug - Doorway to Danger), dies at age 48. [1] July 19 * NASA civilian test pilot Joe Walker in X-15 reaches 105 km. [1]

256

July 25 * US, Russia, and England sign nuclear test ban treaty. [1] July 26 * US Syncom 2, first geosynchronous communications satellite, is launched. [1] August 5 * Britain, US, and USSR sign nuclear test ban treaty. [1] August 7 * Jacquelin Kennedy becomes first first-lady to give birth since Mrs Cleveland. [1] August 8 * Great Train Robbery in England, 2.6 million pounds (US$7.3 million). [1] August 9 * Britain's rock TV show Ready Steady Go premieres. [1] August 10 * Estes Kefauver (Democrat-Senator-Tennessee), dies at age 60. [1] August 13 * Custom agents confiscate 21 gold coins from Witte Museum. [1] August 16 * Independence is restored to Dominican Republic. [1] August 21 * Martial law declared in South Vietnam. [1] August 22 * NASA civilian test pilot Joe Walker in X-15 reaches 67 miles (106 km). [1] [5] August 26

257

* Larry Keating, actor (George Burns Show, Roger - Mr Ed), dies at age 67. [1] August 27 * W E B Du Bois, scholar/founder (NAACP), dies at age 95 in Accra, Ghana. [1] August 28 * 200,000 demonstrate for equal rights in Washington, DC. [1] * Martin Luther King Jr gives his "I have a dream" speech at Lincoln Memorial. [1] August 30 * Axel Stordahl, orchestra leader (Frank Sinatra Show), dies at age 50. [1] * Hot Line communications link between Washington DC and Moscow begins. [1] August 31 * George F Broque, cubist painter, dies at age 81 in Paris, France. [1] September 2 * Alabama Governor George C Wallace prevents integration of Tuskegee high school. [1] * CBS and NBC expand network news from 15 to 30 minutes. [1] September 6 * Margarita Sierra, actress, dies at age 26 after heart surgery. [1] September 7 * First US TV appearance of The Beatles (Big Night Out - ABC). [1] September 8 * Ines Cuervo de Priete, 34, gives birth to quintuplets, all boys. [1] September 9 * Landslide into Vaiont Dam empties lake, kills 3-4,000 (Italy). [1] September 14

258

* Mary Ann Fischer, in Aberdeen, South Dakota, gives birth to America's first surviving quintuplets, four girls and a boy. [1] September 15 * Four children killed in bombing of a black Baptist church in Birmingham, Alabama, USA. [1] * Fred Hillebrand, actor (Martin Kane), dies at age 69. [1] September 16 * The Outer Limits premieres on ABC-TV. [1] * Malaysia forms from Malaya, Singapore, British North Borneo, and Sarawak. [1] September 17 * ABC premieres The Fugitive drama TV show. [1] [179.353] September 24 * US Senate ratifies treaty with Britain and USSR limiting nuclear testing. [1] September 27 * At 10:59 AM the census clock records US population at 190,000,000. [1] September 29 * Second session of Ecumenical council, 'Vatican II,' opens in Rome. [1] * Rolling Stones first tour (opening act for Bo Diddley and Everly Brothers). [1] October 1 * Nigeria becomes a republic within the British Commonwealth. [1] October 4 * Gambia achieves full internal self-government. [1] * NBC premieres The Bob Hope Chrysler Theatre 60-minute anthology TV show. [179.130] October 7 * Bobby Baker resigns as US Senate Democratic secretary. [1] * Hurricane Flora hits Haiti and Dominican Republic, kills 7,190. [1]

259

October 8 * Sultan of Zanzibar cedes his mainland possessions to Kenya. [1] October 9 * Uganda becomes a republic within the British Commonwealth. [1] October 10 * Treaty banning atmospheric nuclear tests signed by US, United Kingdom, USSR. [1] October 12 * Archaeological digs begin at Masada, Israel. [1] October 13 * "Beatlemania" is coined after the Beatles appear at the Palladium. [1] October 20 * South Africa begins trial of Nelson Mandela and eight others on conspiracy. [1] October 22 * 225,000 students boycott Chicago schools in Freedom Day protest. [1] October 24 * Beverly Wills, actress (Beverly - I Married Joan), dies at age 29. [1] October 25 * The Beatles begin their first full foreign tour in Sweden. [1] October 29 * Adolphe Menjou, actor (Front Page, Star is Born), dies at age 73. [1] October 31 * Henry Daniell, actor (Camille, Body Snatchers), dies at age 69. [1] * Leaking propane gas explodes, kills 64 at "Holiday on Ice" (Indiana). [1] November 1

260

* Elsa Maxwell, writer (Jack Paar Show), dies at age 80. [1] * Revolt against the Diem regime in South Vietnam. [1] * Ngo Dinh Diem, South Vietnamese Prime Minister, assassinated in a military coup. [1] November 4 * The Beatles' John Lennon utters his infamous "Rattle your jewelry" line at the Royal Command Variety Performance ("The people in the cheaper seats, clap your hands... and if the rest of you would just rattle your jewelry."). [1] November 9 * In Japan, two high-speed commuter trains collide with a derailed freight train; 450 die in a coal-dust explosion and 160 die in train crash. [1] November 11 * Brian Epstein and Ed Sullivan sign a three show contract for The Beatles. [1] November 15 * Fritz Reiner, conductor (Chicago Symphony Orchestra), dies at age 74. [1] November 19 * Worst Canadian air disaster kills 118 in Montreal, Quebec. [1] November 20 * Buena Vista releases Disney's live-action feature film The Incredible Journey to theaters in the USA. The film is based on the book by Sheila Burnford. [6] November 22 * Aldous Huxley, English novelist (Brave New World), dies. [1] * C.S. Lewis, English novelist (The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe), dies. [1] * John Fitzgerald Kennedy, the 35th president of the United States, is assassinated while traveling through Dallas, Texas, in an open-top convertible. Lee Harvey Oswald is arrested for the murders of Kennedy and Officer J.D. Tippit. Vice President Lyndon Johnson is sworn in as the 36th president at 2:39 p.m. [1] [129] November 23

261

* On the BBC, the first episode airs of the long-running science fiction television series Doctor Who. [5] * Horatio Alger Society is founded. [1] November 24 * Jack Ruby fatally shoots suspected Kennedy assassin Lee Harvey Oswald at Dallas police headquarters. First live murder on TV. [1] [129] November 25 * Deceased US President John F. Kennedy laid to rest at Arlington National Cemetery. [1] November 28 * The Beatles' "She Loves You" returns to #1 on United Kingdom record chart. [1] * Fred Uttal, TV host (QED), dies at age 55. [1] * Karyn Kupcinet, actress (Carol - Gertrude Berg Show), murdered at age 23. [1] November 29 * US President Lyndon Johnson sets up Warren Commission to investigate assassination of President John F. Kennedy. [1] December 1 * Nagaland becomes a state of the Indian union. [1] December 2 * First Dutch rocket launched/reaches height of 10 km. [1] * Sabu Sabu, actor (Jungle Book, Drums), dies of heart attack at age 39. [1] December 4 * Aldo Moro forms Italian government. [1] * Pope Paul VI closes second session of second Vatican Council. [1] December 5 * Herbert H Lehman (Governor-Democrat-New York), dies. [1] * Karl Amadeus Hartmann, composer, dies at age 58. [1] December 6

262

* The Beatles begin a tradition of releasing a Christmas record for fans. [1] * Jozef Goossenaerts, Flemish philologist (Language Boundary), dies at age 81. [1] December 8 * Three fuel tanks explode when jetliner is struck by lightning, crashing near Elkton Maryland; only case of lightning-caused crash, 81 die. [1] December 9 * Frank Sinatra Jr is kidnapped. [1] * Philibert Schmitz, Belgian historian (Order of Saint Benoît), dies at age 75. [1] December 10 * Six-year old Donny Osmond's singing debut on the Andy Williams Show. [1] * Zanzibar becomes independent within British Commonwealth. [1] December 12 * Argentina asks for extradition of ex-President Peron. [1] * Frank Sinatra Jr is returned after being kidnapped. [1] * Kenya (formerly British East Africa) declares independence from United Kingdom. [1] December 13 * Capitol records signs right of first refusal agreement with The Beatles. [1] * Hubert Pierlot, Belgian advocate/premier (1939-45), dies at age 79. [1] December 14 * Dinah Washington, singer, dies of sleeping pill overdose at age 39. [1] * Erich Ollenhauer, German politician (SPD), dies at age 62. [1] * Verne Gagne beats The Crusher in Minneapolis, to become NWA champion. [1] December 17 * Tsjoi Doo Sun forms government in South Korea. [1] * West and East Berlin sign accord about travel rules. [1] December 18 * Muskegon, Michigan, USA gets 3 feet of snow. [1] * Winifried P I Zillig, German composer/conductor (Opfer), dies at age 58. [1]

263

December 19 * Zanzibar becomes independent from United Kingdom. [1] December 20 * Berlin Wall opens for first time to West Berliners. [1] * Massemba-Debate elected President of Congo-Brazzaville. [1] * Paul Constantinescu, composer, dies at age 54. [1] * Trial against 21 camp guards of Auschwitz begins. [1] December 22 * Official 30-day mourning period for US President John F Kennedy ends. [1] December 23 * The Beach Boys music group first appear on Shindig. [1] * Fire on Greek luxury liner Lakonia, 128 die. [1] December 24 * Greek and Turks riot in Cyprus. [1] December 25 * Tristan Tzara, writer, dies at age 67. [1] * Disney releases the animated feature film The Sword in the Stone to theaters in the USA. The film is based on the book by T.H. White. [6] December 26 * US furnishes cereal to USSR. [1] December 28 * Abbott Joseph Liebling, American journalist/writer, dies. [1] * Merle Haggard's first appearance on country chart with "Sing a Sad Song". [1] * Paul Hindemith; German composer (Composer's World), dies at age 68. [1] December 30 * Game show Let's Make A Deal debuts on NBC-TV. [1] * US Congress authorizes the Kennedy half dollar coin. [1] December 31

264

* Albert Plesman, aviation pioneer, dies. [1] * Dear Abby show premieres on CBS radio (runs 11 years). [1]

265

1964 January 1 * Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland dissolved. [1] * Otto Emanuel Olsson, composer, dies at age 84. [1] * Rika Hopper, Dutch actress (Comedia, Anastasia), dies at about age 86. [1] January 2 * Ayub Khan elected President of Pakistan. [1] * Failed assassination attempt on President Nkrumah of Ghana. [1] January 3 * Jack Paar Show shows a clip of The Beatles singing "She Loves You". [1] January 4 * Ralph Dumke, actor (Movieland Quiz), dies at age 64. [1] January 5 * Pope Paul VI visits Jordan and Israel. [1] January 6 * Edgar Maass, German/US author (Verdun), dies at age 67. [1] * Rolling Stones' first tour as headline act (with Ronettes). [1] January 7 * Bahamas achieves internal self-government and cabinet responsibility. [1] * Colin C McPhee, composer (H2O, Mechanical Principles), dies at age 62. [1] January 8 * Arnoldus JC Krafft, theologist (Atlas of Netherlands Antilles), dies at age 71. [1] * European Parliament accept Mansholt Plan. [1] * Julius Raab, Austrian chancellor (1953-61), dies at age 72. [1] * US President Lyndon B Johnson declares "War on Poverty". [1] January 9 * Anti-US rioting breaks out in the Panamá Canal Zone. [1] * Halide Edib Adevar/Salih, Turkish feminist (Handan), dies at about age 80. [1]

266

January 10 * A Marja, Dutch author (Man of Day and Night), dies at age 46. [1] * Battles between Muslims and hindus in Calcutta, India. [1] * US version of That Was The Week That Was TV show premieres. [1] January 11 * Panamá ends diplomatic relations with US. [1] * US Surgeon General Luther Terry reports that smoking may be hazardous. [1] January 12 * Revolution overthrows Sultan of Zanzibar, one month after independence. [1] January 13 * Karol Wojtyla becomes archbishop of Krakow, Poland. [1] January 15 * Teamsters negotiate first national labor contract. [1] * Weldon John "Jack" Teagarden, US jazz trombonist/singer, dies at age 58. [1] January 16 * Hello, Dolly! starring Carol Channing, opens at Saint James Theater in New York City, New York for 2,844 performances. [1] January 17 * Terence Hanbury White, novelist (England Have My Bones), dies at age 57. [1] January 18 * The Beatles' first appearance in Billboard Chart ("I Want to Hold Your Hand" at number 35). [1] * Plans for the World Trade Center announced (New York City, New York, USA). [1] January 20 * "Meet The Beatles" album released in US. [1] * Jan Rychlik, composer, dies at age 47. [1] January 21

267

* Carl T Rowan named director of US Information Agency. [1] * Joseph Schildkraut, actor (Cleopatra, Diary of Anne Frank), dies at age 68. [1] January 22 * Kenneth Kaunda becomes premier of North-Rhodesia (Zambia). [1] * Marc Blitzstein, US composer (Cradle Will Rock), dies at age 58. [1] * World's largest cheese (15,723 kg) manufactured in Wisconsin, USA. [1] January 23 * Louis Horst, composer, dies at age 80. [1] January 24 * 24th Amendment to US Constitution goes into effect; it states that voting rights can not be denied due to failure to pay taxes. [1] * Joseph Schildkraut, actor (Joseph Schildkraut Presents), dies at age 68. [1] January 25 * The Beatles' first US #1 "I Want to Hold your Hand" (Cash Box chart). [1] * Echo 2 US communications satellite launched. [1] January 27 * "Introducing the Beatles" album released in US. [1] * Lieb Glantz, composer, dies at age 65. [1] * Margaret Chase Smith (Senator-Republican-Maine) tries for US Republican Presidential bid. [1] January 29 * Alan Ladd, actor (Shane), dies at age 50 in Palm Springs, California. [1] * Stanley Kubrick's film Dr Strangelove premieres. [1] * Unmanned Apollo 1 Saturn launcher test attains Earth orbit. [1] January 30 * Berthold Altaner, German church historian, dies at age 80. [1] * Military coup of General Nguyen Khanh in South Vietnam. [1] * Ranger 6 launched; makes perfect flight to Moon, but cameras fail. [1] January 31

268

* US report Smoking and Health connects smoking to lung cancer. [1] February 1 * Stop the World, I Want to... closes at Shubert Theater in New York City after 556 performances. [1] * The Beatles' "I Want to Hold Your Hand" first #1 hit and stays #1 for 7 weeks. [1] * Indiana Governor Mathew Walsh tries to ban "Louie Louie" for obscenity. [1] * Suriname River dammed. [1] February 2 * GI Joe debuts as a popular American boy's toy. [1] February 3 * "Meet the Beatles" album goes Gold. [1] * Black and Puerto Rican students boycott New York City public schools. [1] February 4 * US Federal Aviation Administration begins six month test of reactions to sonic booms over Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. [1] * Siegfried T Bok, neurobiologist/anatomist (Cybernetica), dies at age 71. [1] February 5 * Buena Vista releases Disney's live-action feature film The Misadventures of Merlin Jones to theaters in the USA. [6] February 6 * France and Great Britain sign accord over building channel tunnel. [1] * Sophocles Venizelos, premier of Greece (1944, 1950-51), dies at age 69. [1] February 7 * Baskin-Robbins introduces Beatle Nut ice cream. [1] * Hermann A J Kees, German Egyptologist, dies at age 77. [1] * Roger Sessions' 5th Symphony premieres. [1] February 8 * Representative Martha Griffiths address gets civil rights protection for women being added to the 1964 Civil Rights Act. [1] * Tom Terriss, English director (His Buddy's Wife, Sumuru), dies at age 91. [1]

269

February 9 * First appearance of The Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show (73.7 million viewers). [1] * Willie Bryant, singer (Sugar Hill Times), dies at age 55. [1] February 10 * Destroyer Voyager sinks off Australia after colliding with aircraft carrier Melbourne, killing 82. [1] February 11 * The Beatles' first live appearance in US, at Washington DC Coliseum. [1] * Greek and Turks begin fighting in Limassol, Cyprus. [1] * Taiwan drops diplomatic relations with France. [1] February 15 * The Beatles' "Meet the Beatles!" album goes #1 and stays #1 for 11 weeks. [1] February 16 * The Beatles' make their second appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show. [1] February 17 * US House of Representatives accepts Law on the civil rights. [1] * US Supreme court rules - one man one vote (Westberry versus Sanders). [1] February 18 * Papandreou government takes power in Greece. [1] February 22 * Edie Martin, actor (Titfield Thunderbolt), dies at age 84. [1] February 24 * Alexander Archipenko, Ukrainian sculptor/water colors painter, dies at age 76. [1] * Frank Conroy, actor (Midnight Mary, Threat), dies at age 73. [1] February 25 * Austrian chancellor Alfons Gorbach resigns. [1]

270

February 27 * What Makes Sammy Run? opens at 84th Steet Theater in New York City for 540 performances. [1] February 28 * Dirk Filarski, painter/lithographer (Bergen School), dies at age 78. [1] February 29 * Frank Albertson, actor (Room Service), dies at age 55. [1] * US President Lyndon Johnson reveals US secretly developed the A-11 jet fighter. [1] * Victor van Straelen; Flemish biologist/paleontologist, dies at age 74. [1] March 1 * Sergius Kagen, composer, dies at age 54. [1] March 5 * Emergency crisis proclaimed in Ceylon due to social unrest. [1] March 6 * King Paul I of Greece (1947-64) dies at age 62. [1] * Constantine succeeds Paul I as king of Greece. [1] March 7 * Franz Alexander, Hungarian/US psycho analyst, dies at age 73. [1] March 9 * First Ford Mustang automobile produced. [1] * Johanna W "Mina" Bakker; Dutch actress (Boefje), dies at age 87. [1] * Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, Prussian General/politician, dies at age 93. [1] * US Supreme Court issues New York Times versus Sullivan decision, public officials must prove malice to claim libel and recover damages. [1] March 10 * US reconnaissance plane shot down over East Germany. [1] March 12

271

* 6th Grammy Awards: "Days of Wine and Roses", Streisand win. [1] * Malcolm X resigns from Nation of Islam. [1] * The first legal lottery in the USA in the twentieth century is the New Hampshire Sweepstakes. Draws are held twice per year, at a cost of $3 per ticket. The lottery commission pays US$500,000 to the IRS as a 10 percent wagering excise tax. [39] [86.6] [187.387] March 13 * Kitty Genovese stabbed to death in Queens, New York; 40 neighbors looked on. [1] * Turkey threatens Cyprus with armed attack. [1] March 14 * Dallas, Texas jury sentences Jack Ruby to death for Lee Harvey Oswald murder. [1] March 15 * US President Lyndon Johnson asks for a War on Poverty. [1] * Paul Cavanagh, actor (Black Arrow, Woman in Green), dies at age 75. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] March 16 * Nicholas Joy, actor (Boss Lady), dies at age 80. [1] March 18 * Norbert Wiener, US mathematician (cybernetics), dies at age 69. [1] March 20 * Brendan Behan, Irish writer/poet, dies at age 41. [1] * European Space Research Organization established. [1] * Jean Rogister, composer, dies at age 84. [1] March 21 * The Beatles' "She Loves You" single goes #1 and stays #1 for two weeks. [1] March 22 * Addison Richards, actor (Colonel - Pentagon), dies at age 76. [1] March 23

272

* UNCTAD 1 world conference opens in Geneva, Switzerland. [1] * Vassily Vainonen, Russian ballet choreographer (Gayaneh), dies at age 66. [1] March 24 * American Kennedy half-dollar coin issued. [1] * Peter Lorre, Hungarian/American actor (Casino Royale, Maltese Falcon, Raven), dies at age 59. [1] March 25 * Egypt ends state of siege (1952-64). [1] March 26 * Funny Girl with Barbra Streisand opens at Winter Garden Theater in New York City for 1,348 performances. [1] March 27 * Earthquake strikes Anchorage, Alaska, USA, 9.2 on Richter scale, 131 die from earthquake and resulting tsunami; this is the most violent eathquake in US history. [1] * Great Train Robbers sentenced to a total of 307 years behind bars. [1] * United Nations' troops arrive on Cyprus. [1] March 29 * First true Pirate Radio station, Radio Caroline (England). [1] * Ted Collins, pianist (Kate Smith Evening Hour), dies at age 63. [1] March 30 * Willem CN Andriessen; Dutch composer/pianist (Beethoven), dies at age 76. [1] March 31 * President Jango Goulart of Brazil chased out of office by military. [1] April 1 * Bozidar Kunc, composer, dies at age 60. [1] April 2 * Josef Klaus succeeds Alfons Gorbach as chancellor of Austria. [1]

273

* Military coup in Brazil by General Castello Branco, President Goulart ousted. [1] * USSR launches Zond 1 to Venus; no data returned. [1] April 3 * The Beatles hold the top six spots on the Sydney, Australia record charts. [1] * US and Panamá agree to resume diplomatic relations. [1] April 4 * The Beatles' "Can't Buy Me Love" single goes #1 and stays #1 for five weeks. [1] April 5 * First driverless trains run on the London Underground. [1] * Douglas MacArthur; US General (Pacific theater-WWII), dies at age 84. [1] April 6 * Egypt and Belgium restore diplomatic relations. [1] April 7 * IBM introduces the IBM System/360 mainframe computer. [13] April 8 * Unmanned Gemini 1 launched. [1] April 10 * Iranian motor launch catches fire and sinks killing 113 (Persian Gulf). [1] April 13 * 36th Academy Awards - Tom Jones, Sidney Poitier, and Patricia Neal win. [1] * Ian D Smith becomes premier of Rhodesia. [1] * New Zealander Colin Bosher shears a record 565 sheep in one work day. [1] April 14 * Earle Hodgins, actor (Guestward Ho!), dies at age 64. [1] * Rachel L Carson, US biologist/author (Silent spring), dies at age 56. [1] * Sandy Koufax throws his 9th complete game without allowing a walk. [1] April 15

274

* Chesapeake Bay Bridge opens (Bridge-Tunnel measures 17.6 miles (28.4 km) and is considered the world's largest bridge-tunnel complex). [1] * Ian Smith becomes premier of Rhodesia. [1] April 16 * Nine men sentenced 25-30 years for Britain's 1963 "Great Train Robbery". [1] April 17 * Ford Mustang automobile formally introduced in USA (US$2368 base price). [1] April 18 * Albe Vidakovic, composer, dies at age 49. [1] * Artisans' strike in Belgium ends. [1] * Ben Hecht, playwright (Child of the Century), dies at age 71. [1] * Geraldine Mock of US becomes first woman to fly solo round the world. [1] April 19 * Rightist coup in Laos, Suvanna Phuma remains premier. [1] * Roger Sessions' opera Montezuma premieres in West Berlin. [1] April 20 * 86 percent of black students boycott Cleveland, Ohio schools. [1] April 22 * The New York World's Fair opens in Flushing Meadow, Corona Park, New York. Walt Disney's WED company constructed pavilions for: Ford (Magic Skyway), General Electric (Progressland), the state of Illinois (Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln), and Pepsi-Cola / UNICEF (It's a Small World). [1] [6] April 23 * New York State Theater opens. [1] April 26 * Edwin John Pratt; Canadian poet (Towards the Last Spike), dies at age 81. [1] * Pieter van der Lijn, Dutch geologist (Boulder Book), dies at age 93. [1] * Tanganyika and Zanzibar unite to form Tanzania (Tanzanian Union Day). [1]

275

April 27 * Georg Britting, writer, dies at age 73. [1] April 28 * Japan joins OECO. [1] April 29 * Albert Saverys, Flemish painter, dies at age 77. [1] * Princess Irene marries Spanish Prince Carel Hugo de Bourbon Parma. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] May 1 * At Dartmouth College, in Hanover, New Hampshire, the BASIC programming language runs for the first time. The language was developed by professors John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz, BASIC is an acronym for Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. It is based on FORTRAN and Algol, and was developed for a General Electric 225 mainframe computer. [1] [4] May 2 * The Beatles' "Second Album" goes #1 and stays #1 for for five weeks. [1] * Mad Dog Vachon beats Verne Gagne in Omaha, to become NWA champion. [1] * Nancy N Witcher Astor, American/English feminist/ex-wife of Waldorf Astor, dies. [1] May 4 * Another World and As the World Turns premiere on TV. [1] * 70 GATT-countries confer in Geneva, Switzerland. [1] * Pulitzer prize awarded to Richard Hofstadter (Anti-intellectualism). [1] May 5 * Separatists riot in Québec, Canada. [1] May 6 * Harold Morris, composer, dies at age 74. [1] May 9 * Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev visits Egypt. [1]

276

May 10 * Carol Haney, dancer (Pantomime Quiz), dies at age 35. [1] * Ignace Lilien, composer, dies at age 66. [1] May 12 * Manlio Brosio chosen as secretary-general of NATO. [1] May 14 * Underground America Day is first observed. [1] May 15 * Cornelis H Edelman, Dutch geologist, dies at age 61. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] May 16 * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] * Verne Gagne beats Mad Dog Vachon in Omaha, to become NWA champion. [1] May 17 * Otto V Kuusinen, President of Karelo-Finnish Soviet Republic (1940-56), dies 82. [1] May 18 * US Supreme Court rules it is unconstitutional to deprive naturalized citizens of citizenship if they return to home country for more than three years. [1] May 19 * US diplomats find at least 40 secret microphones in the Moscow embassy. [1] May 21 * First nuclear-powered lighthouse begins operations (Chesapeake Bay). [1] * Fire in Wégimond, Belgium resort, kills 19. [1] * US begin intelligence flights above Laos. [1] May 22

277

* US President Lyndon Johnson presents "Great Society". [1] May 24 * 18th Tony Awards: Luther and Hello Dolly win. [1] * The Beatles' make a third appearance on Ed Sullivan Show. [1] May 25 * In Los Angeles, California, the 16th Annual Emmy Awards are presented, hosted by Joey Bishop and E.G. Marshall. o Outstanding Single Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role: Jack Klugman for playing "Joe Larch" in episode "Blacklist" of The Defenders o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Series (Lead): Dick Van Dyke for The Dick Van Dyke Show o Outstanding Single Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role: Shelley Winters for playing "Jenny Dworak" in episode "Two Is The Number" of Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Series (Lead): Mary Tyler Moore for The Dick Van Dyke Show o Outstanding Performance in a Supporting Role by an Actor: Albert Paulsen for episode "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich" in Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre o Outstanding Performance in a Supporting Role by an Actress: Ruth White for episode "Little Moon of Alban" of Hallmark Hall of Fame o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy: Jerry Paris for The Dick Van Dyke Show o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Drama: Tom Gries for episode "Who Do You Kill?" of East Side/West Side o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Variety or Music: Robert Scheerer for The Danny Kaye Show o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Drama - Original: Ernest Kinoy for episode "Blacklist" of The Defenders o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Drama - Adaptation: Rod Serling and John O'Hara for episode "It's Mental Work" of Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Comedy or Variety: Carl Reiner, Sam Denoff, and Bill Persky for The Dick Van Dyke Show o Outstanding Achievement in Art Direction and Scenic Design: Warren Clymer for Hallmark Hall of Fame o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of Music: The Bell Telephone Hour o Outstanding Performance in a Variety or Musical Program or Series: Danny Kaye for The Danny Kaye Show o Outstanding Achievement in the Field of Documentary Programs: David L. Wolper, Mel Stuart, and Theodore H. White for The Making of the President 1960

278

o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of Comedy: The Dick Van Dyke Show o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of Variety: The Danny Kaye Show o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of Drama: The Defenders o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of Children's Programming: Discovery o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of News Reports: The HuntleyBrinkley Report o Outstanding Program Achievement in the Field of News Commentary or Public Affairs: NBC White Paper o Program of the Year: The Making of the President 1960 o Outstanding Achievement in Composing Original Music for Television: Elmer Bernstein for The Making of the President 1960 [1] [183] * US Supreme Court rules closing schools to avoid desegregation is unconstitutional. [1] * Vasily Andreyevich Zolotaryov, composer, dies at age 92. [1] May 27 * James Bond film From Russia With Love premieres in theaters in the USA. [1] * Jawaharial Nehru, independent India's first Prime Minister, dies at age 74. [1] May 28 * Dmitri Shostakovich completes his 9th String quartet. [1] * Jawaharlal Nehru cremated in New Dehli, India. [1] * John Finley Williamson, conductor (Westminster Choir), dies at age 76. [1] * Palestine National Congress forms the PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization) in Jerusalem. [1] * Unmanned Apollo 2 Saturn test launched into Earth orbit. [1] May 30 * Beyond the Fringe closes at John Golden Theater in New York City after 673 performances. [1] * Beatles 1961 record of "Cry for a Shadow" hits #1 in Australia. [1] * The Beatles' "Love Me Do" single goes #1. [1] * Leo Szilard, Hungarians/US nuclear physicst, dies at age 66. [1] May 31 * Charles Schmid kills first Pied Piper victim. [1] June 3

279

* Rolling Stones begin first US tour (with Bobby Goldsboro and Bobby Vee). [1] * Buena Vista releases Disney's live-action feature film The Three Lives of Thomasina to theaters in the USA. The film is based on the book Thomasina by Paul Gallico. [6] June 4 * The Beatles' "World Tour" begins in Copenhagen, Denmark. [1] June 10 * Southern filibuster on US civil rights bill ends; closure invoked. [1] June 12 * South Africa sentences Nelson Mandela to life imprisonment. [1] June 16 * Earthquake strikes Niigata, Japan. [1] June 28 * King Calder, actor (Lieutenant Grey - Martin Kane Private Eye), dies at age 64. [1] * Organization for Afro-American Unity forms in New York by Malcolm X. [1] June 29 * US Civil Rights Act of 1964 passes after 83-day filibuster in Senate. [1] June 30 * Centaur 3 launch vehicle fails to make Earth orbit. [1] July 2 * U.S. President Lyndon Johnson signs into law the Civil Rights Act, in a televised ceremony in the White House. The Act prohibits racial discrimination in employment and education and outlaws racial segregation in public places such as schools, buses, parks and swimming pools. [1] [129] July 6 * The Beatles' film A Hard Day's Night premieres in London, England. [1] * Nyasaland gains independence from Britain (National Day). [1]

280

July 8 * Buena Vista releases Disney's live-action feature film The Moon-Spinners to theaters in the US. The film is based on the novel by Mary Stewart. [6] July 15 * Barry M Goldwater (Senator-Republican-Arizona) nominated for US president by Republicans. [1] July 17 * British speed pioneer Sir Donald Campbell sets a new land speed world record of 690.91 km/h (429 mph) in his turbine vehicle, Bluebird. [1] [5] July 18 * Race riot in Harlem, New York City; riots spread to Bedford-Stuyvesant (Brooklyn). [1] July 19 * Carol Veazie, actress (Maude - Norby), dies at age 69. [1] July 20 * First surfin' record to go #1-Jan and Dean's "Surf City". [1] July 23 * Egyptian munition ship Star of Alexandria explodes at dockside. [1] July 25 * The Beatles' "A Hard Day's Night" album goes #1 and stays #1 for 14 weeks. [1] * Race riot in Rochester, New York, USA. [1] July 26 * Teamsters' President Jimmy Hoffa convicted of fraud and conspiracy. [1] * Train from Povoa de Varzin, Portugal derails near Oporto, 94 die. [1] July 28 * Ranger 7 launched toward the Moon; sent back 4308 TV pictures. [1]

281

July 31 * Al Parker glides 644 miles without any motor. [1] * Jim Reeves, country singer (He'll Have to Go, Four Walls) dies in a plane crash. [1] * US Ranger 7 takes 4,316 pictures before crashing on theMoon. These are the first close-up photographs of the moon, with images 1,000 times clearer than anything ever seen from earth-bound telescopes. [1] [5] August 1 * The Beatles' "A Hard Day's Night" single goes #1 and stays #1 for two weeks. [1] August 2 * Jack Kirkwood, actor (Fibber McGee and Molly), dies at age 69. [1] * North Vietnam fires on a US destroyer in Gulf of Tonkin. [1] * Race riot in Jersey City, New Jersey, USA. [1] August 4 * Civil rights workers Michael Schwerner, Andrew Goodman and James Chaney found buried inside an earthen dam in Mississippi. [1] August 5 * US begins bombing North Vietnam. [1] August 6 * Sir Cedric Hardwicke, actor (Captain Hook - Peter Pan), dies at age 71. [1] August 7 * US Congress approves Gulf of Tonkin resolution. [1] August 11 * The Beatles' film A Hard Day's Night opens in theaters in New York City, New York. [1] * Race riot in Paterson, New Jersey, USA. [1] August 12 * Race riot in Elizabeth, New Jersey, USA. [1] August 13

282

* Last death penalty executions in Great Britain carried out: Peter Anthony and John Robson Walby executed at Stangways Gaol, Manchester. [55.31] August 15 * Race riot in Dixmoor (Chicago suburb), Illinois, USA. [1] August 20 * US President Lyndon Johnson signs Economic Opportunity Act (totaling nearly US$1 billion). [1] August 26 * Lyndon Johnson nominated for President at Democratic convention in Atlantic City, New Jersey. [1] August 27 * Buena Vista premieres Disney's live-action and animated film Mary Poppins at Grauman's Chinese Theater in Hollywood, USA. The film is based on the Mary Poppins books by P.L. Travers. [6] August 28 * Gracie Allen, Mrs George Burns/comedian (Burns and Allen), dies at age 62. [1] * Race riot in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. [1] August 30 * Wesley Lau, actor (Lieutenant Anderson - Perry Mason), dies at age 43. [1] August 31 * Carole Coleman, singer (Face the Music), dies at age 42. [1] September 3 * US Wilderness Act signed into law by President Lyndon B Johnson. [1] September 4 * Forth Road Bridge opens in England over the "Firth of Forth". [1] * NASA launches its first Orbital Geophysical Observatory (OGO-1). [1]

283

September 12 * Typhoon Gloria strikes Taiwan killing 330, causing $17.5 million damage. [1] September 14 * Walt Disney awarded the Medal of Freedom at the White House. [1] September 16 * Shindig TV show premieres. [1] September 17 * ABC premieres the Bewitched 30-minute comedy TV show. [1] [179.110] * Beatles are paid a record US$150,000 for a concert (Kansas). [1] September 21 * Malta gains independence from Britain. [1] * The North American XB-70 Valkyrie, the world's first Mach 3 bomber, takes its maiden flight from Palmdale, California, USA. [5] September 22 * Fiddler on the Roof opens on Broadway; runs 3,242 performances. [1] * The Man from U.N.C.L.E. TV show premieres on NBC-TV. [1] September 24 * The Munsters TV show premieres. [1] September 26 * Calvin Thomas, actor (Judge Hunter - One Man's Family), dies at age 79. [1] September 27 * Warren Commission releases report finding Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone in assassinating President John F. Kennedy. [1] September 28 * Harpo Marx, comedian (The Marx Brothers), dies at age 75. [1] [5] September 29

284

* Robert Burton, actor (Dr Gordon - Kings Row), dies at age 69. [1] October 1 * Free Speech Movement launched at University of California, Berkley. [1] * San Francisco cable cars declared a US national landmark. [1] October 4 * Three cars of a commuter train derail in South Africa killing 81. [1] October 8 * Dr Charles Hodge, NYU professor (Answers for Americans), dies at age 69. [1] * Gilroy Roberts becomes first US chief coin engraver to retire (rather than die). [1] October 10 * Eddie Cantor, comedian (Eddie Cantor Comedy Theater), dies at age 72. [1] * Russ Case, orchestra leader (Julius La Rosa Show), dies at age 52. [1] October 12 * Launch of Voskhod 1, first three man crew (Komarov, Feokistov, Yegorov). [1] October 13 * Voskhod 1 crew returns. [1] October 14 * Martin Luther King Jr wins Nobel Peace Prize. [1] October 15 * Cole Porter, composer, dies. [1] * Kosygin and Brezhnev replace Soviet premier Nikita Krushchev. [1] October 16 * China becomes world's 5th nuclear power. [1] October 19 * Maurice Gosfield, actor (Doberman - Phil Silvers Show), dies at age 51. [1]

285

October 20 * Herbert Hoover, 31st president of US, dies in New York at age 90. [1] * Riot at Rolling Stones show in Paris, France (150 arrested). [1] October 24 * Zambia (Northern Rhodesia) gains independence from Britain (National Day). [1] October 25 * Belle Montrose, actress (Mrs Harrison - The Hathaways), dies at age 78. [1] October 26 * The Rolling Stones rock group appear on the The Ed Sullivan Show. [1] October 27 * Sammee Tong, actor (Bachelor Father, Mickey), dies at age 63. [1] October 29 * Star of India and other jewels are stolen in New York. [1] * Town of Karmiel founded in the Galilee. [1] October 31 * Barbra Streisand's "People" album goes #1 for five weeks. [1] * Theodore C Freeman, astronaut, dies at age 34 in a T-38 jet air crash. [1] November 3 * Residents of the District of Columbia (USA) cast their ballots in a presidential election for the first time. [129] * Lyndon Johnson (Democrat) soundly defeats Barry Goldwater (Republican) for US President. [1] November 5 * US launches Mariner 3 toward Mars; no data returned. [1] November 6

286

* The USSR proclaims Richard Sorge posthumously a Hero of the Soviet Union. Sorge headed a Soviet spy ring in Tokyo until his capture in October 1941. [10] November 18 * J Edgar Hoover describes Martin Luther King as "most notorious liar". [1] November 21 * World's longest suspension bridge "Verrazano Narrows" opens (New York City, New York). [1] November 24 * Rebellion ends in Zaire. [1] November 25 * Clarence Kolb, actor (Mr Honeywell - My Little Margie), dies at age 90. [1] November 28 * Charles Meredith, actor (Court of Last Resort), dies at age 70. [1] * Mariner 4 launched; first probe to fly by Mars. [1] November 29 * Roman Catholic Church in US replaces Latin with English. [1] November 30 * Don Redman, orchestra leader (Sugar Hill Times), dies at age 64. [1] * USSR launches Zond 2 towards Mars; no data returned. [1] December 1 * Martin Luther King speaks to J Edgar Hoover about his slander campaign. [1] December 2 * Roger Bissière, French painter, dies at age 76. [1] December 3 * Rudolph The Red-Nosed Reindeer cartoon TV show first airs on TV. [1] * Ernst Ginsberg, writer, dies. [1]

287

* Police arrests 800 sit-in students at University of California at Berkeley. [1] December 5 * Remy Angenot, Flemish actor (Tailor Wibbel), dies at age 70. [1] December 6 * President Segni of Italy resigns. [1] December 9 * Edith L Sitwell, English poet/author (Wheels), dies at age 77. [1] December 10 * Nobel Peace Prize awarded to Dr Martin Luther King Jr. [1] December 11 * Percy Kilbride, actor (Ma and Pa Kettle), dies at age 76. [1] * Sam Cooke, American singer ("You Send Me", "Sad Moon"), slain at a motel at age 33. [1] December 13 * In El Paso, Texas, US President Lyndon Johnson and Mexican President Gustavo Diaz Ordaz set off an explosion diverting Rio Grande, to reshape US-México border. [1] December 14 * William Bendix, actor (Life of Riley), dies in Los Angeles, California at age 58. [1] December 15 * First time four people in space. [1] * American Radio Relay League (organization for hams) founded. [1] December 16 * US performs nuclear test at Pacific Ocean. [1] December 18 * The Pink Panther cartoon TV series premieres (Pink Phink). [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1]

288

December 20 * Levi Eshkol forms Israeli government. [1] December 22 * Bonifacio Gil Garcia, composer, dies at age 66. [1] * Lockheed SR-71 spy aircraft reaches 3,530 kph (record for a jet). [1] December 23 * Arrigo Pedrollo, composer, dies at age 86. [1] * India and Ceylon hit by cyclone, about 4,850 killed. [1] December 25 * James Bond film Goldfinger premieres in movie theaters in the US. [1] * Cheerio Meredith, actress (One Happy Family), dies at age 74. [1] December 26 * The Beatles' "I Feel Fine" single goes #1 and stays #1 for three weeks. [1] * Moors Murderers claim last victim. [1] December 29 * Bernard von Brentano, German writer (Big Cats), dies at age 63. [1] * Miroslav Krejci, composer, dies at age 73. [1] Year * Global mean surface temperature at lowest point since 1929. [58]

289

1965 January 1 * Gertrude Michael, actress (Caged, Cleopatra), dies at age 53. [1] * International Cooperation Year begins. [1] * Juan Bautista Plaza-Alfonzo, composer, dies at age 66. [1] * Palestinian al-Fatah organization forms. [1] January 2 * Martin Luther King Jr begins a drive to register black voters in the USA. [1] * Obverse design of all Canadian coins is changed to depict the Queen with a slightly more mature look. [1] * Staf Gustaf Frans Nees, composer, dies at age 63. [1] January 3 * Betty Harte, entertainer, dies at age 82. [1] * Julius Tannen, comedian, dies at age 84. [1] January 4 * US President Lyndon Johnson gives "Great Society" State of the Union Address. [1] * T. S. Eliot poet (Washed Country), dies in London, England, at age 76. [1] [5] January 5 * Neil Craig, actor (Calling Dr Kildare), dies at age 73. [1] * Paul Arntzenius, painter/graphic artist/etcher, dies at age 81. [1] January 6 * John Larkin, director (Circumstanial Evidence), dies of heart attack at age 52. [1] January 7 * France announces it will convert US$150 million of its currency to gold. [1] January 8 * Aloys-Henri-Gerard Fornerod, composer, dies at age 74. [1] * Star of India returned to American Museum of Natural History. [1] January 9

290

* "Beatles' '65" album goes #1 and stays #1 for 9 weeks. [1] January 10 * Bollingen prize for poetry awarded to Horace Gregory. [1] January 12 * Hullabaloo TV show premieres on NBC-TV. [1] * Lorraine Hansberry, US playwright, dies in New York City, New York at age 34. [1] * Porcupine in Washington DC zoo dies at age 27; oldest known rodent. [1] January 14 * Jeanette MacDonald, soprano (When I'm Calling You), dies at age 63. [1] January 15 * Pierre Ngendandumwe, premier of Burundi, is murdered. [1] * Rock group The Who releases first album "I Can't Explain". [1] January 16 * Outer Limits TV show last airs on ABC-TV. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakstan/Semipalatinsk. [1] January 18 * H L de Vries appointed Dutch Governor of Suriname. [1] January 19 * Frank Reicher, actor (King Kong, Nazi Agent, Son of Kong), dies at age 89. [1] January 20 * Alan Freed, disc-jockey (Big Beat), dies at age 42. [1] * Spain's Generalissimo Francisco Franco meets with Jewish representatives to discuss legitimizing Jewish communities in Spain. [1] * American Jet Propulsion Laboratory proposes modified Apollo flight to fly around Mars and return. [1] * The Beatles appear on Shindig (ABC-TV). [1] January 21 * Harvey Zorbaugh, doctor/TV host (Play the Game), dies at age 68. [1]

291

January 22 * US launches TIROS 9 weather satellite. [1] January 23 * The King Family Show (musical variety) premieres on ABC TV. [1] January 24 * Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of Britain (Conservative) (1940-45, 1951-55), dies at age 90. [1] January 25 * Staff Nees, Flemish composer (Maria-oratorio), dies at age 63. [1] January 26 * Ali Mansoer, premier of Persia, murdered. [1] * South Vietnam military coup under General Nguyen Khanh. [1] January 27 * First ground station-to-aircraft radio communication via satellite. [1] * Theo Uden Marsman, Dutch orchestra leader, dies at age 63. [1] January 28 * Jef van Durme, composer, dies at age 57. [1] * Johan Fiolet, Dutch actor/director, dies at age 63. [1] * The Who rock group make their first appearance on British TV. [1] January 29 * John Larkin, actor (Saints and Sinners, 12 O'Clock High), dies at age 52. [1] * Michael Spisak, composer, dies at age 50. [1] January 30 * State funeral of Winston Churchill. [1] February 1 * Dutch Queen Juliana opens Brienenoord Bridge in Rotterdam, Netherlands. [1]

292

* Martin Luther King Jr and 700 demonstrators arrested in Selma, Alabama. [1] * Peter Jennings, age 26, becomes anchor of ABC's nightly news show. [1] February 2 * Richard P Blackmur, American critic/publisher (Good European), dies at age 61. [1] * Richard Wurz, composer, dies at age 79. [1] February 3 * Orbiting Solar Observatory 2 launches into Earth orbit (552/636 km). [1] February 4 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] February 5 * Irving Bacon, actor (Fort Ti, Petticoat Fever), dies at age 71. [1] February 6 * Jack Wagner, actor (Jive Junction), dies at age 68. [1] * Righteous Brothers song "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'" hits number 1. [1] February 7 * Nance O'Neil, actor (Cimarron, Royal Bed, Rogue Song), dies at age 90. [1] * Operations begin at Grupo Folklorico Antiyano on Curaçao. [1] * US begins regular bombing and strafing of North Vietnam. [1] February 8 * Eastern DC-7B crashes into Atlantic Ocean off Jones Beach, New Jersey; 84 dead. [1] February 12 * Henry Kulky, actor (Otto - Life of Riley), dies at age 53. [1] * Nuclear test at Pacific Ocean. [1] February 13 * Jerry Burke, pianist (Lawrence Welk Show), dies. [1] * William H Kilpatrick, US mathematician/philosopher, dies at age 93. [1]

293

February 14 * Desire-Emile Inghelbrecht, French composer/conductor, dies at age 84. [1] February 15 * Canada replaces the Union Jack flag with the Maple Leaf. [1] * Nat King Cole, singer (Unforgettable, Mona Lisa), dies at age 45. [1] February 16 * Baker Street opens at Broadway Theater in New York City for 313 performances. [1] * Pegasus 1 launched to detect micro-meteors. [1] February 17 * US Ranger 8 launched, will transmit 7,137 lunar pictures. [1] February 18 * 27 copper miners die in avalanche, Granduc Mountain, British Columbia, Canada. [1] * Gambia gains independence from Britain (National Day). [1] February 19 * Forrest Taylor, actor (This is Life, Man Without a Gun), dies at age 81. [1] * Gheorge Gheorghiu Dej, Romanian President, dies at age 63. [1] February 20 * Ranger 8 makes hard landing on the Moon, returns photos, other data. [1] * Turkish government of Uergüplü forms. [1] February 21 * Malcolm X [Little], black Muslim leader, assassinated in New York City, New York at age 39. [1] February 22 * USSR launches Kosmos 57 into earth orbit (Voskhod Test). [1] February 23

294

* Stan Laurel, comedian (Laurel and Hardy), dies in California of heart attack at age 74. [1] February 24 * East German President Ulbricht visits Egypt. [1] February 26 * Dutch Government of Marijnen falls. [1] * Jimmie Lee Jackson, civil rights activist, dies of injuries. [1] * West Germany ceases military aid to Tanzania. [1] February 27 * Dutch Marijnen government resigns. [1] * France performs underground nuclear test at Ecker, Algeria. [1] February 28 * Adolf Schärf, President of Austria (1957-65), dies at age 74. [1] March 1 * Boleslav Vomacka, composer, dies at age 77. [1] * Gas explosion kills 28 in apartment complex (La Salle, Québec, Canada). [1] March 2 * The Sound of Music film opens in theaters in the USA. [1] March 3 * Carlo Gatti, composer, dies at age 88. [1] * Temptations' "My Girl" song reaches #1. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] March 4 * David Attenbrough became the new controller of BBC2. [1] March 5 * First performance of Walter Piston's 8th Symphony. [1]

295

March 6 * How to Succeed in Business closes at 46th Steet theater in New York City after 1415 performances. [1] * First nonstop helicopter crossing of North America, JR Willford. [1] * Margaret Dumont [Daisy Baker], actress (Animal Crackers), dies at age 75. [1] * Ruvim Pergament, composer, dies at age 58. [1] March 7 * Alabama state troopers and 600 black protestors clash in Selma. [1] * Christian-democrats win parliament in Chile. [1] * Queen Louise of Sweden dies peacefully. [7] March 8 * First US combat forces arrive in South Vietnam (3,500 Marines). [1] * Esther Howard, actress (Detour), dies of heart attack at age 72. [1] March 9 * Anthon van der Horst, Dutch organist/composer, dies at age 65. [1] * Kazys Boruta, writer, dies. [1] March 11 * Indonesia President Sukarno accepts qualifications of Suharto. [1] * James Reeb, US vicar/civil rights activist, is murdered. [1] March 13 * The Beatles' "Eight Days a Week" single goes #1 and stays #1 for two weeks. [1] * George Calinescu, Romanian author (Lauda Lucrorilor), dies at age 65. [1] March 14 * Israeli cabinet approves diplomatic relations with West Germany. [1] March 15 * US President Lyndon Johnson asks congress to ensure everybody's right to vote. [1] * TGIFriday's first restaurant opens in New York City, New York. [1] March 17 * Quentin Reynolds, newscaster (It's News to Me)/author (FBI), dies at age 62. [1]

296

March 18 * Farouk I, last King of Egypt (1936-52), dies at age 45. [1] * USSR launches Voshkod 2; Alexei Leonov makes first spacewalk (20 minutes). [1] [5] March 19 * Chivu Stoica becomes President of the Council of Romanian People's Republic and Nicolae Ceausescu is appointed first Secretary of Romanian communist party. [1] * Indonesia nationalizes all foreign oil companies. [1] * Rembrandt's painting Titus sells for record 7,770,000 gulden. [1] March 21 * Martin Luther King Jr begins march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama. [1] * US Ranger 9 launched; takes 5,814 pictures before lunar impact. [1] [5] March 22 * D Senanayake wins general elections in Ceylon (Sri Lanka). [1] * US confirms its troops used chemical warfare against the Vietcong. [1] March 23 * Gemini 3 launched, first US two-man space flight (Grissom and Young). [1] * Mae Murray, actress (Bachelor Apartment), dies of heart ailment at age 75. [1] * Moroccan army shoots on demonstrators, about 100 killed. [1] March 24 * US Ranger 9 strikes Moon, 10 miles (16 km) northeast of crater Alphonsus. [1] March 25 * Giorgio Federico Ghedini, composer, dies at age 72. [1] * Martin Luther King Jr leads 25,000 to state capitol in Montgomery, Alabama. [1] * Viola Gregg Liuzzo, US civil rights activist, is murdered. [1] * West German Bondsdag extends war crimes retribution. [1] March 31 * US orders the first combat troops to Vietnam. [1] April 1

297

* Henry D G Crerar, Canadian General (World War I, Normandy), dies at age 76. [1] * South Africa worker's union leader Henry Fazzie sentenced to 10 years. [1] * Syncom 3, first geosynchronous communications satellite, passes from civilian to military control. [1] April 2 * Renzo Bossi, composer, dies at age 81. [1] April 3 * First atomic powered spacecraft (SNAP) launched. [1] April 5 * 37th Academy Awards: o Best picture: My Fair Lady; o Best actor: Rex Harrison; o Best actress: Julie Andrews for her role in the film Mary Poppins; o Best song: "Chim Chim Cher-ee" by Richard M. and Robert B. Sherman in the film Mary Poppins. [1] [6] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] April 6 * Intelsat 1 ("Early Bird") launched; first commercial geosynchronous communications satellite. [1] April 8 * Erik A Blomberg, Swedish art historian/poet/author, dies at age 70. [1] * Lars Hanson, Swedish actor (Flesh and Devil), dies after illness at age 78. [1] April 9 * The Beatles' song "Ticket to Ride" is released in United Kingdom. [1] * India and Pakistan engage in border fight. [1] April 11 * 40 tornadoes strike US midwest killing 272 and injuring 5,000. [1] April 12

298

* Linda Darnell, US actress (Dakota Incident), dies at age 43. [1] April 14 * Leonard Mudie dies of heart ailment at age 82. [1] * Perry E Smith, US murderer (In Cold Blood), hanged. [1] * Robert E Hickok, US murderer (In Cold Blood), hanged. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] April 15 * Syd Chaplin dies at age 80. [1] April 16 * Test flight of heavy Saturn S-1C-rocket. [1] April 19 * First American all-news radio station (WINS 1010 AM in New York City) begins operating. [1] * George Davis, actor (Private Lives, Devil May Care), dies at age 75. [1] * Electronics magazine publishes an article by Gordon Moore, head of research and development for Fairchild Semiconductor, on the future of semiconductor components. Moore predicts that transistor density on integrated circuits would double every 12 months for the next ten years. (This prediction is revised in 1975 to doubling every 18 months, and becomes known as Moore's Law.) [4] April 20 * People's Republic China offers North Vietnam military aid. [1] * Richard Wessell actor (Carney - Riverboat), dies of heart attack on 52nd birthday. [1] April 21 * Edward V Appleton, English physicist (Nobel Prize 1947), dies at age 72. [1] * New York World's Fair re-opens for second and final season. [1] April 23 * Josephina J "Fien" de la Mar, Dutch actress (Pygmalion), dies at age 67. [1] * Launch of first Soviet communications satellite. [1] April 24 * Louise Dresser, actress (State Fair, Ship Comes In, Mammy), dies at age 86. [1]

299

* Military coup under Donald Reid Cabral in Dominican Republic. [1] April 26 * Aaron Avshalomov, composer, dies at age 70. [1] * Ives' 4th Symphony premieres. [1] April 27 * Alan Bunce, actor (Albert - Ethel and Albert), dies at age 61. [1] * Edward R Murrow, newscaster (Person to Person), dies at age 57. [1] * RC Duncan patents "Pampers" disposable diaper. [1] April 28 * Ferdinand Bordewijk, Dutch lawyer/writer (Character), dies at age 80. [1] * Richard Helms replaces Marshall S Carter as deputy director of US Central Intelligence Agency. [1] * US marines invade Dominican Republic (staying until October 1966). [1] * William F Raborn Jr replaces John A McCone as 7th head of US Central Intelligence Agency. [1] April 29 * Australian government announces it will send troops to Vietnam. [1] * Earthquake hits Seattle, Washington, USA; five die. [1] * Malta is 18th member of Council of Europe. [1] April 30 * Helen Chandler, actress (Dracula, Salute, Last Flight), dies at age 56. [1] May 1 * Leo Spies, composer, dies at age 65. [1] * Spike Jones, composer (Spike Jones Show), dies at age 53. [1] * USSR launches Luna 5; later impacts on Moon. [1] May 2 * Early Bird satellite goes into commercial service. [1] May 3 * First use of satellite TV, Today Show on the Early Bird Satellite. [1] * Cambodia drops diplomatic relations with the US. [1]

300

* Howard Spring, British author (Heaven Lies About Us), dies at age 76. [1] * Otto Forst de Battaglia, Austrian diplomat/genealogist, dies at age 75. [1] * Pulitzer prize awarded to Irwin Unger (Greenback Era). [1] May 4 * Norman Brokenshire, TV moderator (Four Square Court), dies at age 66. [1] May 5 * First large-scale US Army ground units arrive in South Vietnam. [1] May 9 * Leopold Figl, premier of Austria, dies at age 62. [1] * Luna 5 launched (USSR) first attempt to soft land on Moon (fails). [1] May 10 * Hubertus J van Mook, Dutch minister of Colonization (1942-45), dies at age 70. [1] May 11 * First of two cyclones in less than a month kills 35,000 in India. [1] * Ellis Island added to Statue of Liberty National monument. [1] * Ludovicus H "Lode" Baekelmans, Flemish playwright, dies at age 86. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] May 12 * Israel and West Germany exchange letters, beginning diplomatic relations. [1] * Roger Vailland, French playwright (La Truite), dies at age 57. [1] May 13 * Several Arab nations break ties with West Germany after it establishes diplomatic relations with Israel. [1] May 14 * Second Chinese atom bomb explodes. [1] * Frances Perkins, US first female minister of Labor (1933-45), dies at age 83. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] May 15

301

* Adrian Schoevers, Dutch director (Schoevers Institution), dies. [1] May 16 * Bomb destroys USAF base Bien Hoa, South Vietnam. [1] * Campbell Soup Company introduces Spaghetti-Os under its Franco-American brand. [1] [5] May 18 * Eduard J Dijksterhuis, mathematician (Archimedes), dies at age 72. [1] May 19 * Maria Dabrowska, Polish writer (Znaki Zycia), dies. [1] May 20 * Pakistani Boeing 720-B crashes at Cairo, Egypt, killing 121. [1] May 22 * The Beatles' "Ticket to Ride" single goes #1. [1] * Bobby Watson, comedian (Hitler Gang, Boys Town), dies at age 77. [1] * Heinrich Barth, Swiss philosopher (Das Sein in der Zeit), dies. [1] May 23 * David Smith, sculptor, dies. [1] * Franz Jonas elected president of Austria. [1] * Pontoon ferry overturned on Shire River, Malawi, kills 150. [1] May 24 * US Supreme Court declares federal law allowing post office to intercept communist propaganda is unconstitutional. [1] May 25 * India and Pakistan border fights take place. [1] * Sonny Boy Williamson [Aleck Miller], blues player, dies at age 65. [1] May 26 * Dutch Voting Rights Bill passes. [1] * Revised International Convention on Safety of Life at Sea takes effect. [1]

302

May 28 * Fire and explosion at Dhori mine in Dhanbad, India kills 400. [1] May 30 * France performs nuclear test at Ecker, Algeria (Underground). [1] * Viet Cong offensive against US base Da Nang begins. [1] June 1 * A Penzias and R Wilson detect 3 degrees K primordial background radiation. [1] * Explosion at Fukuoka, Japan kills 237 coal miners. [1] June 2 * Second of two cyclones in less than a month kills 35,000 (Ganges River, India). [1] June 3 * Gemini 4 launched; second US two-man flight (McDivitt and White). [1] [5] June 6 * Lester Matthews, actor (Sir Dennis - Adventures of Fu Manchu), dies at age 64. [1] June 7 * Judy Holiday, actress, dies at age 42. [1] June 8 * US troops ordered to fight offensively in Vietnam. [1] * USSR launches Luna 6; misses Moon. [1] June 10 * A R Klemola discovers asteroid #2370 van Altena. [1] June 12 * The Beatles are awarded the Member of the British Empire medal. [1] June 14

303

* H.V. Kaltenborn, newscaster (Who Said That?), dies at age 86. [1] June * John McKay-Clements, of Ontario, Canada, buys a Canadian 1911 silver pattern dollar from the Norwood family of New York. He pays $35,000 cash plus $20,000 in numismatic trade. The price sets a world record for a single coin. [3] June 17 * 28.14 cm (11.08 inches) of rainfall, Holly, Colorado (state 24-hour record). [1] June 20 * Ira Louvin, country singer (Louvin Brothers), dies at age 41. [1] June 22 * David O Selznick, Gone With the Wind's producer, dies at age 63. [1] June 28 * First US ground combat forces in Vietnam authorized by President Lyndon Johnson. [1] * A R Klemola discovers asteroid #2179 Platzeck. [1] June 29 * USAF Captain Joseph Henry Engle reaches 85,530m in X-15. [1] July 6 * Rock group "Jefferson Airplane" forms. [1] July 10 * The Beatles' "Beatles VI" album goes #1 and stays #1 for six weeks. [1] * Rolling Stones score their first number 1 song: "I Can't Get No Satisfaction". [1] July 11 * Ray Collins, actor (Halls of Ivy, Perry Mason), dies at age 75. [1] July 14 * US Mariner IV, first Mars probe, passes at 6,100 miles (9,800 km). [1]

304

July 15 * US scientists display close-up photos of Mars from Mariner IV. [1] July 18 * Zond 3 launched to fly by Moon, enters solar orbit. [1] [5] July 20 * 46.18 cm (18.18 inches) of rainfall, Edgarton, Missouri (state 24-hour record). [1] July 21 * Pakistan, Iran, and Turkey sign Regional Co-Operation pact. [1] July 25 * Folk-rock begins, Bob Dylan uses electricity at Newport Folk Festival. [1] July 26 * Constance Bennett, actress, dies at age 59. [1] * Republic of Maldives gains independence from Britain (National Day). [1] July 29 * Beatles movie Help! premieres, Queen Elizabeth II attends. [1] * Gemini 5 returns after 12 days 7 hours 11 minutes 53 seconds in space. [1] July 30 * US President Lyndon Johnson signs Medicare bill, which goes into effect following year. [1] August 2 * Morley Safer sends first Vietnam report indicating US is losing war. [1] August 6 * US Federal Voting Rights Act guarantees black voting rights. [1] * Nancy Carroll, actress (Alice - Aldrich Family), dies at age 60. [1] August 9

305

* Singapore gains independence from Malaysia (National Day). [1] August 10 * Joe Engle in X-15 reaches 82 km. [1] August 11 * Six-day insurrection starts in Watts section of Los Angeles, California. [1] * The Beatles' movie Help! opens in New York City, New York. [1] August 12 * Race riot in West Side of Chicago, Illinois. [1] * Disneyland (Ahaneim, California) welcomes its 50-millionth guest, Mary Adams. [6] August 21 * Gemini 5 launched into Earth orbit (two astronauts). [1] August 29 * Astronauts Cooper and Conrad complete 120 Earth orbits in Gemini 5. [1] August 30 * Section of Allalin glacier wipes out construction site at Mattmark Dam near SaasFee, Switzerland. [1] August 31 * US House of Representatives joins Senate in establishing Department of Housing and Urban Development. [1] * The Aero Spacelines Super Guppy Aircraft makes its first flight. [5] * The U.S. Forest Service announces it has received six bids to develop a ski resort on Mineral King in California. A proposal from Disney is one of two leading candidates. Disney's US$35 million proposal includes up to 27 chair lifts with capacity for 11,400 seats per hour, hotels for up to 3000 guests, and ten-story underground parking for 3600 cars. (The issue will be challenged in the courts for years, until the idea is abandoned in 1978.) [6] September 4 * The Beatles' "Help!" single goes #1 and stays #1 for three weeks. [1]

306

September 8 * Dorothy Danridge, actress, dies at age 41 in Hollywood, California. [1] September 9 * Tibet is made an autonomous region of China. [1] September 11 * The Beatles' "Help!" album goes #1 and stays #1 for 9 weeks. [1] September 12 * In Los Angeles, California, the 17th Annual Emmy Awards are presented, hosted by Sammy Davis Jr. and Danny Thomas. o Outstanding Individual Achievements in Entertainment - Actors and Performers: * Dick Van Dyke for The Dick Van Dyke Show * Lynn Fontanne for episode "The Magnificent Yankee" of Hallmark Hall of Fame * Alfred Lunt for episode "The Magnificent Yankee" of Hallmark Hall of Fame * Leonard Bernstein for the New York Philharmonic Young People's Concerts series * Barbra Streisand for My Name Is Barbra o Outstanding Individual Achievements in Entertainment - Directors: Paul Bogart for episode "The 700 Year Old Gang" of The Defenders o Outstanding Individual Achievements in Entertainment - Lighting Directors: Phil Hyms for episode "The Magnificent Yankee" of Hallmark Hall of Fame o Outstanding Individual Achievements in Entertainment - Cinematographer: William W. Spencer for 12 O'Clock High o Outstanding Individual Achievements in Entertainment - Art Directors and Set Decorators: Warren Clymer for The Holy Terror o Outstanding Individual Achievements in Entertainment - Musicians: Peter Matz for My Name Is Barbra o Individual Achievements in News, Documentaries and Sports - Musicians: Norman Dello Joio for 'Golden Prison': The Louvre, 'A' o Outstanding Individual Achievements in Entertainment - Color Consultant: Edward P. Ancona Jr. for Bonanza o Outstanding Individual Achievements in Entertainment - Writers: David Karp for episode "The 700 Year Old Gang" of The Defenders o Outstanding Program Achievements in Entertainment: * Carl Reiner for The Dick Van Dyke Show * George Schaefer for episode "The Magnificent Yankee" of Hallmark Hall of Fame * Richard Lewine for My Name Is Barbra * Roger Englander for Young People's Concerts: What Is Sonata Form? [184] * Hurricane Betsy strikes Florida and Louisiana; kills 75. [1]

307

September 13 * Today Show's first totally color TV broadcast. [1] September 14 * F-Troop TV show premieres. [1] September 15 * Lost in Space TV show premieres. [1] * ABC premieres The Big Valley 60-minute western TV show. [179.117] September 17 * The CBS TV network premieres The Wild, Wild West 60-minute western TV show in the USA. [179.1073] * The CBS TV network airs the first Hogan's Heroes 30-minute comedy TV show in the USA. [179.432] September 18 * The NBC TV networkpremieres the Get Smart 30-minute TV show in the USA. [1] [179.372] September 21 * O Kommissarova (USSR) sets women's longest paracute jump (46,250 feet). [1] September 25 * The Beatles cartoon TV show begins in the US. [1] September 27 * Harry Reser, orchestra leader (Sammy Kaye Show), dies at age 69. [1] September 28 * Jack McKay in X-15 reaches 90 km. [1] * Lava flows kill at least 350 (Taal, Phillipines). [1] October 3 * Zachary Scott, actor (Spotlight Playhouse), dies at age 51. [1]

308

October 4 * Pope Paul VI becomes first Pope to visit Western Hemisphere (United Nations). [1] * USSR launches Luna 7; crash lands on Moon. [1] October 5 * Chuck Linster performs 6,006 consecutive push-ups. [1] * Dick McInnes stays aloft almost 12 hours in a kite. [1] October 7 * At the Paris Auto Show in France, Chevrolet debuts the Mako Shark II show car. The show car is the basis of the production 1968 model Corvette. [8] October 9 * The Beatles' "Yesterday" single goes #1 and stays #1 for four weeks. [1] October 14 * Joe Engle in X-15 reaches 80 km. [1] October 15 * Carl Hoff, orchestra leader (Music Hall), dies at age 60. [1] October 18 * Henry Travers, actor (Bells of Saint Mary, High Sierra), dies at age 91. [1] October 26 * The Beatles receive Member of the British Empire medals at Buckingham Palace. [1] October 28 * In St. Louis, Missouri, construction is completed on the Gateway Arch, a 630-foothigh parabola of stainless steel. The arch was erected to commemorate President Thomas Jefferson's Louisiana Purchase of 1803. [1] [129] * Pope Paul VI proclaims Jews not collectively guilty for crucifixion. [1] October 30 * Fireworks explosions kill 50 in Cartagena, Colombia. [1]

309

October 31 * Rita Johnson, actress (All Mine to Give), dies at age 53. [1] November 1 * First concert at Fillmore Auditorium, San Francisco, California, USA. [1] * Trackless trolley plunges into Nile River, drowning 74 (Cairo, Egypt). [1] November 8 * Days of Our Lives premieres on TV. [1] * British Indian Ocean Territory formed. [1] * Dorothy Kilgallen, columnist (What's My Line?), dies at age 52. [1] November 9 * The biggest power failure in U.S. history occurs as all of New York state, portions of seven neighboring states, and parts of eastern Canada are plunged into darkness. The blackout was caused by the tripping of a transmission line near Ontario, Canada. The cascading effect onto other transmission lines eventually takes down the entire Northeastern network. 30 million people in eight U.S. states and the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec are affected by the blackout. [1] [129] * In Great Britain, an act comes into force abolishing capital punishment. [55.31] November 11 * Rhodesia proclaimed independence from Britain by Prime Minister Ian D Smith. [1] November 12 * Venera two launched by Soviet Union toward Venus. [1] November 13 * Cruise ship Yarmouth Castle, on an overnight cruise from Miami, Florida, to the Bahamas, burns and sinks off Bahamas, killing 90 of 546 passengers. [1] [75.27] [94.50] November 15 * Craig Breedlove sets land speed record (600.601 mph [966.57 kph]). [1] * At the Cherry Plaza Hotel in Orlando, Florida, Walt Disney, Roy Disney, and Florida Governor Hayden Burns make the first public announcement of plans to build a new Disney theme park near Orlando. (It will open in six years as Walt Disney World Resort.) [6]

310

November 16 * Alexander King, writer (Jack Paar Show), dies at age 66. [1] * The Soviet Union launches the Venera 3 space probe, which becomes the first spacecraft to reach the surface of another planet (Venus). [1] [5] November 26 * France launches first satellite, 92 pounds (42 kg) A1-capsule (Asterix), becoming third nation in space. [1] November 27 * Harry Harvey Sr, actor (It's a Man's World), dies at age 64. [1] November 29 * Dale Cummings does 14,118 consecutive sit-ups. [1] December 1 * Airlift of refugees from Cuba to US began. [1] * South Africa government says children of white fathers are white. [1] December 3 * The Beatles begin final United Kingdom concert tour in Glasgow, Scotland. [1] * USSR launches Luna 8; crashes on Moon. [1] December 4 * Two passenger planes collide above Danbury, Connecticut, USA; four die. [1] * Gemini 7 is launched with two astronauts (Borman and Lovell). [1] December 6 * Two trucks crash into a crowd of dancers (Sotouboua, Togo) kills 125. [1] * Alberto Vaccari, Italian jesuit/old testament scholar, dies at age 90. [1] December 7 * Pope Paul VI and Orthodox Patriarch Athenagoras I simultaneously lift mutual excommunications that led to split of the two churches in 1054. [1] December 8

311

* Pope Paul VI signs second Vatican council. [1] December 9 * A Charlie Brown Christmas TV show premieres. [1] * Nikolai Podgorny replaces Anastas Mikoyan as President of Presidium (USSR). [1] December 10 * Dutch government ends economic boycott of Rhodesia. [1] * Henry (Dixon) Cowellm US pianist/composer (Aeolian Harp), dies at age 68. [1] December 12 * Johnny Lee, actor (Calhoun - Amos 'n' Andy), dies at age 67. [1] December 13 * Algerian President Boumédienne visits Moscow, Russia. [1] December 14 * Hermann Sandby, composer, dies at age 84. [1] December 15 * Third cyclone of year kills another 10,000 at mouth of Ganges River, Bangladesh. [1] * Gemini 6 launched; makes first rendezvous in space (with Gemini 7). [1] * Queen Juliana opens Zeeland Bridge to Oosterschelde. [1] December 16 * Gemini 6 returns to Earth. [1] * Pioneer 6 launched into solar orbit. [1] * Taufa'ahau Tupou IV becomes King of Tonga. [1] * William Somerset Maugham, English author (Razor's Edge, Of Human Bondage), dies at age 91. [1] December 17 * Astrodome opens, first event is Judy Garland and Supremes concert. [1] * British government proclaims end of oil-embargo against Rhodesia. [1] * David Levy begins his search for comets. [1] * Dutch government shuts Limburgs coal mine. [1] * Largest newspaper-Sunday New York Times at 946 pages (50 cents). [1] * Tito [Raffaele A] Schipa, Italian tenor/composer (Rondine), dies at age 76. [1]

312

December 18 * Borman and Lovell splash down in Atlantic; ends two-week Gemini VII mission. [1] December 19 * French President Charles De Gaulle re-elected (Mitterrand gets 45 percent). [1] December 20 * Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt, German anthropologist, dies at age 73. [1] December 21 * Claude Adonai Champagne, composer, dies at age 74. [1] December 22 * Al Ritz, actor (Gorilla, Hi Ya Chum), dies at age 62. [1] * Belgian government shuts six coal mines. [1] * Director David Lean's film Dr Zhivago premieres. [1] * Great Britain sets maximum driving speed at 70 MPH. [1] December 26 * Anthonie Donker, Dutch [Professor N Donkersloot] literary, dies at age 63. [1] December 29 * James Bond film Thunderball premieres in US theaters. [1] * Kusaku Yamada, composer, dies at age 79. [1] December 30 * Ferdinand Marcos inaugurated as President of the Phillipines. [1]

313

1966 January 1 * All US cigarette packs have to carry "Caution Cigarette smoking may be hazardous to your health". [1] * Military coup by Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa in Central African Republic. [1] * Simon and Garfunkel's song "Sounds of Silence" reaches number 1. [1] * Vincent Auriol, President of France (1947-53), dies at age 82. [1] January 3 * Rex Lease, actor (Perils of Pauline, Dakota, California), dies at age 62. [1] January 8 * The Beatles' "Rubber Soul" album goes #1 and stays #1 for six weeks. [1] * The Beatles' "We Can Work It Out" single goes #1 and stays #1 for three weeks. [1] * Georges Pompidou appointed French premier. [1] * Who and the Kinks perform on the last Shindig TV show on ABC. [1] January 9 * Haro Levoni Step'anyan, composer, dies at age 68. [1] * Polish government denies exit visa to Cardinal Wyszynski revisionism. [1] January 10 * Hermann Kasack, writer, dies at age 69. [1] * India and Pakistan sign peace accord. [1] * Julian Bond denied seat in Georgia legislature for opposing Vietnam War. [1] January 11 * Daktari African adventure series premieres on CBS TV. [1] * 550 die in landslides in mountains behind Rio de Janeiro after rain. [1] * Albert Giacometti, Swiss/French painter/sculptor, dies at age 64. [1] * Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indian premier (1964-66), dies at age 61. [1] January 12 * Batman TV show with Adam West and Burt Ward premieres on ABC TV. [1] * US President Lyndon Johnson says US should stay in South Vietnam until communist aggression ends. [1] January 13

314

* US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] January 14 * Sergei Korolev, Russian space station constructor, dies. [1] January 16 * Margarete Susman, writer, dies at age 91. [1] * Metropolitan Opera House opens in Lincoln Center. [1] January 17 * Martin Luther King Jr opens campaign in Chicago, Illinois. [1] * USAF B-52 carrying four unarmed hydrogen bombs crashes on Spanish coast at Palomares, seven die. [1] * Vincent J Donehue, director (Lonelyhearts), dies of Hodgkin's at age 50. [1] January 18 * Kathleen Norris, US author, dies at age 85. [1] January 19 * Indira Gandhi elected India's third prime minister. [1] January 22 * Herbert Marshall, actor (Dark Angel, Duel in the Sun), dies at age 75. [1] January 23 * Jo van Ammers-Küller, Dutch playwright (Opstandigen), dies at age 81. [1] January 29 * Sweet Charity opens at Palace Theater in New York City, New York for 608 performances. [1] * Josef Winckler, German dentist/writer (Tolle Bomberg), dies at age 84. [1] * Pierre Mercure, composer, dies at age 38. [1] * Snow storm in north-east US kills 165. [1] January 30 * -19 degrees F (-28 degrees C) in Corinth, Mississippi (state record). [1]

315

* -27 degrees F (-33 degrees C) in New Market, Alabama (state record). [1] * Dmitri Shostakovich completes his 11th string quartet. [1] January 31 * Belgian state police kills two striking mine workers. [1] * Elizabeth Patterson, actress (Tall Story), dies at age 90. [1] * USSR launches Luna 9 toward the Moon. [1] February 1 * Buster Keaton [Joseph Francis], US comic (General), dies at age 69. [1] [5] * Hedda Hopper [Elda Furry], US gossip columnist, dies at age 75. [1] * Nicholas Piantanida sets balloon flight record and dies in descent. [1] * William Harrigan, actor (Invisible Man, Girl in 419), dies at age 71. [1] February 3 * First operational weather satellite, ESSA-1, launched (US). [1] * First soft landing on the Moon (Soviet Luna 9). [1] * June Walker, actress (War Nurses), dies at age 65. [1] February 4 * All-Nippon Airways 727 crashes off Haneda Airport, Japan; kills 133. [1] * Gilbert H Grosvenor, president of National Geographic Society, dies at age 90. [1] February 5 * BBC opens a relay radio station on Ascension Island. [1] * Ludwig Binswanger, Swiss psychiatrist (Über Ideenflucht), dies at age 84. [1] February 6 * Johan Algot Haquinius, composer, dies at age 79. [1] February 9 * Sophie Tucker, Russian/US singer/actress (My Yiddish Mama), dies at age 79. [1] February 10 * Billy Rose, US theater producer (Diamond Horse Show), dies at age 66. [1] * Harmel government in Belgium resigns. [1] February 11

316

* San Francisco Giants' Willie Mays signs highest contract, US$130,000 per year. [1] February 13 * Elio Vittorini, writer, dies. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] February 14 * Australia introduces first decimal currency postage stamps. [1] February 15 * Camillo Torres, Colombian priest/guerrilla fighter, dies. [1] February 16 * France performs underground nuclear test at Ecker, Algeria. [1] * Hendrik W Tilanus, artillery officer/leader (CHU 1939-63), dies at age 81. [1] February 17 * Frank Pettingell, actor (Becket, Up the Creek), dies at age 75. [1] * French satellite Diapason D-1A launched into Earth orbit. [1] * Gail Kane, actress (White Sister, Arizona), dies at age 81. [1] * Hans Hofmann, German/US painter (Search for the Real), dies at age 85. [1] February 18 * Anne Anema, Dutch lawyer/journalist/politician (ARP), dies at age 94. [1] * Casimir von Paszthory, composer, dies at age 79. [1] * Grigori Grigoyevich Nelyubov, Russian cosmonaut, dies at age 31. [1] February 20 * Author Valery Tarsis banished in USSR. [1] * Chester W Nimitz, US Admiral (WWII), dies at age 80. [1] February 21 * Indonesia's President Sukarno fires General Nasution. [1] February 22 * Paul de Keyser, Flemish philologist/folklorist, dies at age 74. [1]

317

* Soviets launch Kosmos 110 with Veterok and Ugolek, first two-dog crew. [1] February 23 * Aldo Moro forms Italian government. [1] * Military coup in Syria ends Bitar government. [1] * Premier Obote grabs power in Uganda. [1] February 24 * Coup ousts President Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] February 25 * Syrian military coup under Hafiz al-Assad. [1] February 26 * The launch of AS-201 marks the first flight of the Saturn IB rocket. [5] * Minerva Urecal, actress (Peter Gunn, Adventures of Tugboat Annie), dies at age 71. [1] February 27 * Minerva Urecal, actress (Apache Rose, Ghost Crazy), dies at age 81. [1] February 28 * Charles A Bassett II, astronaut, dies in a crash of T-38 jet at age 34. [1] * Elliot McKay See Jr, astronaut, dies in T-38 jet crash at age 38. [1] March 1 * Ba'ath party takes power in Syria. [1] * Venera 3 becomes first man-made object to impact on a planet (Venus). [1] March 3 * Alice Pearce, comedienne (Gladys Kravitz - Bewitched), dies at age 52. [1] * Kwame Nkrumah flees Ghana to Guinée. [1] * Rock group Buffalo Springfield forms (Steven Stills, Neil Young, et al). [1] * Tornado hits Jackson, Mississippi; 3 minutes after first sighting, 57 die. [1] * William Frawley, actor (Fred Mertz - I Love Lucy), dies at age 89. [1] March 4

318

* Canadian Pacific airliner explodes on landing in Tokyo, Japan; 64 die. [1] * Janis Medins, composer, dies at age 75. [1] * John Lennon says "We (The Beatles) are more popular than Jesus". [1] * North Sea Gas is first pumped ashore by British Petroleum. [1] March 5 * 75-MPH air currents cause BOAC 707 crash above Mount Fuji, 124 die. [1] * Anna Achmatova, Ukrainian poet, dies at age 76. [1] * Enrique E Ecker, Curaçaos/US bacteriologist, dies at age 79. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] March 6 * Barry Sadlers' "Ballad of the Green Berets" song becomes number 1 (for 13 weeks). [1] * Richard Hageman, composer, dies at age 83. [1] March 7 * Wait A Minim! opens at John Golden Theater in New York City for 457 performances. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] March 8 * Golden Boy closes at Majestic Theater in New York City after 569 performances. [1] * An Irish Republican Army bomb destroyed Nelson's Column in Dublin, Ireland. [1] March 10 * Dutch crown princess Beatrix marries Claus von Amsberg. [1] * Frederik "Frits" Zernike, Dutch physicist (Nobel Prize 1953), dies at age 77. [1] * Mari Sandoz, US author (Cheyenne Autumn), dies at age 64. [1] * North Vietnamese capture US Green Beret Camp at Ashau Valley. [1] March 11 * Military coup led by Indonesian General Suharto breaks out. [1] March 12 * Estelita Rodriguez, actor (Golden Stallion, Susanna Pass), dies at age 37. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1]

319

March 15 * 8th Grammy Awards: "Taste of Honey", Tom Jones, Frank Sintra, and Barbra Streisand. [1] * Heinrich Lemacher, composer, dies at age 74. [1] * Racial riots erupt in the Watts section of Los Angeles, California. [1] March 16 * Gemini 8 launched with Armstrong and Scott; aborted after 6.5 orbits. [1] March 17 * South Africa government bans Defense and Aid Fund. [1] * US submarine locates missing H-bomb in Mediterranean. [1] * Walter Lang, composer, dies at age 69. [1] March 18 * General Suharto forms government in Indonesia. [1] * Scott Paper begins selling paper dresses for US$1. [1] March 19 * Belgium government of Vanden Boeynants begins. [1] March 21 * US Supreme Court reverses Massachusetts' ruling that film Fanny Hill is obscene. [1] March 23 * First official meeting after 400 years of Catholic and Anglican Church. [1] * Johannes W Elsensohn, Dutch actor/writer (Arie), dies at age 82. [1] March 24 * US Selective Service announces college deferments based on performance. [1] March 25 * Colin Campbell, actor (Leather Boys), dies at age 83. [1] * US Supreme court rules "poll tax" unconstitutional. [1] March 27

320

* Anti-Vietnam war demonstrations in US, Europe and Australia. [1] * Mien Labberton, Dutch poet, dies at age 82. [1] March 29 * Harry Daugherty, trombonist (Spike Jones and City Slickers), dies at age 50. [1] March 30 * Erwin Piscator, German director (Plebeians test rebellion), dies at age 72. [1] * Maxfield Parrish, US painter, dies at age 95. [1] March 31 * 25,000 anti-war demonstrators march in New York City, New York. [1] * Labour Party wins British parliamentary election. [1] * USSR launches Luna 10, first lunar orbiter. [1] April 1 * First world festival of black art (Dakar, Senegal). [1] * China premier Tsjoe en-Lai starts "Cultural revolution". [1] * Karl B Adam, German theologist (Jesus Christ), dies at age 89. [1] April 2 * Cecil Scott Forester, English author (Horatio Hornblower), dies at age 66. [1] * Soviet Union's Luna 10 becomes first spacecraft to orbit Moon. [1] April 3 * Luna 10 orbits Moon. [1] * Russel Crouse, US stagewriter (Life with Father), dies at age 73. [1] April 4 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] April 5 * Sven Fleuron, writer, dies at age 91. [1] April 6 * Julia Faye, actress (Ten Commandments, Samson and Delilah), dies at age 73. [1]

321

* Mihir Sen swims the Palk Strait between Sri Lanka and India. [1] April 7 * US recovers lost H-bomb from Mediterranean floor. [1] April 8 * George Creten, Belgian sculptor/painter, dies at age 79. [1] * Leonid Brezhnev elected Secretary-General of Soviet communist party. [1] * OAO 1, the first orbiting astronomical observatory, is launched. [1] April 9 * Sutan Sjahrir, premier of Indonesia (1945-47), dies at age 57. [1] April 10 * Christian J Modeste, Dutch king of gypsies, dies at age 71. [1] * Evelyn Waugh, British writer (Black Mischief), dies at age 62. [1] April 12 * First B-52 bombing on North Vietnam. [1] * Sumokil, President of Republic South Moluccas, executed. [1] April 13 * Pan Am places US$525 million order for 25 Boeing 747s. [1] April 16 * Rhodesian Prime Minister Ian Smith breaks diplomatic relations with Britain. [1] April 19 * Väinö A Tanner, Finnish premier (1926-27)/minister, dies at age 85. [1] April 21 * Emperor Haile Selassie (Ethiopia) visits Kingston, Jamaica. [1] April 22 * USSR performs underground nuclear test. [1]

322

April 25 * Drunk driver kills 10 children in Asse, Belgium. [1] * Maurice Roelants, Belgian author (Prayer for a Good End), dies at age 70. [1] April 27 * Dmitri Shostakovitch completes his second cello concert. [1] April 28 * 38th Academy Awards - The Sound of Music, Julie Christie and Lee Marvin win. [1] * OCAM, Common Afro-Mauritian Organization forms. [1] * Ralph Bunker, actor (Ghost Goes West), dies of a stroke at age 77. [1] April 29 * Eugene O'Brien, actor (Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm), dies at age 85. [1] April 30 * Richard Farina, rocker, dies on his birthday in a motorcycle accident. [1] May 1 * Last British concert by The Beatles (Empire Pool in Wembley). [1] * Radio RSA, South Africa begins shortwave transmitting. [1] * US troops shooting targets in Cambodia. [1] May 2 * Pulitzer prize awarded Arthur M Schlesinger Jr (Thousand Days). [1] May 4 * Juan Maria Thomas Sabater, composer, dies at age 69. [1] * Soviet Government signs accord about building Fiat factory in USSR. [1] May 6 * Canadian Minister of Finance announces a $20 Centennial gold coin. [1] May 7 * Mamas and Papas song "Monday Monday" hits number 1. [1]

323

May 9 * Alfred Mendelsohn, composer, dies at age 56. [1] * People's Republic of China performs nuclear test at Lop Nor. [1] * Wilhelmus M Bekkers, bishop of Dukeenbosch, dies. [1] May 10 * 25 degrees F, lowest temperature ever recorded in Cleveland, Ohio in May. [1] May 13 * US Federal education funding is denied to 12 school districts in the South because of violations of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. [1] May 14 * Georgia Camp Johnson, US poet/playwright, dies at age 88. [1] * Megan Lloyd George, English politician, dies at age 64. [1] May 15 * South Vietnamese army battle Buddhists, about 80 die. [1] May 16 * Beach Boys' "Pet Sounds" album is released. [1] * American National Welfare Rights Organization begins. [1] * Stokely Carmichael named chairman of Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. [1] May 18 * Paul Althaus, German theologist (That Christian Wahrheit), dies at age 78. [1] May 19 * Tortoise, reportedly given to Tonga's king by Captain Cook (1773), dies. [1] May 21 * Pat O'Malley, silent film actor (Wild One, Quiet Man), dies at age 75. [1] May 22

324

* In Los Angeles, California, the 18th Annual Emmy Awards are presented, hosted by Danny Kaye and Bill Cosby. o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Dramatic Series: Bill Cosby for I Spy o Outstanding Single Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Drama: Cliff Robertson for "The Game" of Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Dick Van Dyke for The Dick Van Dyke Show o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Dramatic Series: Barbara Stanwyck for The Big Valley o Outstanding Single Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Drama: Simone Signoret for episode "A Small Rebellion" of Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Mary Tyler Moore for The Dick Van Dyke Show o Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Drama: James Daly for "Eagle in a Cage" of Hallmark Hall of Fame o Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Comedy: Don Knotts for episode "The Return of Barney Fife" of Andy Griffith Show o Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Drama: Lee Grant for Peyton Place o Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Comedy: Alice Pearce for Bewitched o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy: William Asher for Bewitched o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Variety or Music: Alan Handley for The Julie Andrews Show o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Drama: Sydney Pollack for The Game of Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Comedy: Bill Persky and Sam Denoff for episode "Coast To Coast Big Mouth" of The Dick Van Dyke Show o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Variety: Hal Goldman, Al Gordon, and Sheldon Keller for An Evening with Carol Channing o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Drama: Millard Lampell for "Eagle in a Cage" of Hallmark Hall of Fame o Individual Achievements in Film Editing: Marvin Coil, Everett Douglas, and Ellsworth Hoagland for Bonanza o Individual Achievements in Music - Composition: Laurence Rosenthal for "Michelangelo: The Last Giant" o Outstanding Musical Program: Dwight Hemion for Frank Sinatra: A Man and His Music o Outstanding Dramatic Series: Alan A. Armer for The Fugitive o Special Classification of Individual Achievements: Art Carney for episode "The Adoption" of The Jackie Gleason Show, and Burr Tillstrom for the "Berlin Wall" of That Was the Week That Was o Outstanding Children's Program: Lee Mendelson and Bill Melendez for A Charlie Brown Christmas

325

o Outstanding Dramatic Program: David Susskind and Daniel Melnick for The Ages of Man o Outstanding Variety Special: Bob Hope for the "Christmas Special" of Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre o Achievements in Daytime Programming - Programs: Dan Gallagher for Camera Three and Don Meier for Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom o Outstanding Comedy Series: Carl Reiner for The Dick Van Dyke Show o Outstanding Variety Series: Bob Finkel for The Andy Williams Show o Achievements in Educational Television - Individuals: Julia Child for The French Chef o Trustees Award: Edward R. Murrow. [1] [184] May 23 * Ruth Gates of Denton, Texas, actress (Aunt Jenny - Mama), dies at age 79. [1] May 24 * Mame opens at Winter Garden Theater in New York City for 1508 performances. [1] May 26 * Buddhist sets self on fire at US consulate in Hué South-Vietnam. [1] * Don Castle, actor (Motor Patrol, Born to Speed), dies at age 47. [1] * Guyana (formerly British Guiana) declares independence from United Kingdom. [1] * Neal Dodd, actor (Only Women, You Belong to Me), dies at age 86. [1] May 27 * 55th German F-16 Starfighter crashes. [1] * Six French fighters crash above Spain. [1] May 28 * Dmitri Shostakovich's 11th String quartet premieres in Leningrad, Russia. [1] * The "It's a Small World" attraction opens in Fantasyland at Disneyland. [6] May 30 * 300 US airplanes bomb North Vietnam. [1] * US launches Surveyor 1 to the Moon. [1] * Wäinö V Aaltonen, Finnish sculptor, dies at age 72. [1] June 1

326

* 2,400 persons attend White House Conference on Civil Rights. [1] June 2 * US Surveyor 1 lands in Oceanus Procellarum; first lunar soft-landing. [1] June 3 * European DX Council formed in Copenhagen, Denmark (shortwave listeners). [1] * Gemini 9 launched; 7th US two-man flight (Stafford and Cernan). [1] June 6 * Claudette Orbison, wife of singer Roy Orbison, dies in a motorcyle crash. [1] * James Meredith wounded by white sniper. [1] June 10 * The Beatles' "Paperback Writer" is released in the United Kingdom. [1] * The Beatles record "Rain", first to use reverse tapes. [1] * Janis Joplin's first live concert (Avalon Ballroom in San Francisco, California). [1] June 11 * Wallace Ford, actor (The Deputy), dies at age 68. [1] June 13 * The US Supreme Court hands down its decision in Miranda v. Arizona, establishing the principle that all criminal suspects must be advised of their rights before interrogation. The adopted text: "You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can, and will, be used against you in court of law. You have the right to an attorney. If you cannot afford one, one will be appointed to you." [1] [129] June 19 * Ed Wynn, comedian (Ed Wynn Show), dies at age 86. [1] June 20 * Georges Lemaître, originator of "big bang" theory, dies at age 71. [1] * Sheila Scott completes first round-the-world solo flight by a woman. [1] June 24

327

* Bombay-New York Air India flight crashes into Mont Blanc (Switzerland), 117 die. [1] * Period of relative peace following WW II exceeds that following WW I. [1] June 25 * The Beatles' "Paperback Writer" single goes #1 and stays #1 for two weeks. [1] * Kosmos 122, first Soviet weather satellite, launched. [1] June 29 * US bombs fuel storage facilities near North Vietnamese cities. [1] 1966 July 1 * The first color television transmission occurs in Canada, from Toronto. [5] * Medicare goes into effect in the USA. [1] July 3 * Race riots in Omaha, Nebraska, USA. [1] July 4 * US President Lyndon Johnson signs Freedom of Information Act. [1] [5] July 5 * National Guard mobilizes in Omaha, Nebraska after third night of rioting. [1] * Saturn I rocket launched at Cape Kennedy. [1] July 6 * Malawi becomes a republic. [1] July 10 * Orbiter 1 launched to Moon. [1] July 12 * 26.70 cm (10.51 inches) of rainfall in Sandusky, Ohio (state record). [1] * Race riot in Chicago, Illinois, USA. [1]

328

* US Treasury announces it will buy mutilated silver coins at silver price. [1] July 17 * Pioneer 7 launched. [1] July 18 * Bobby Fuller, rocker ("I Fought the Law"), found dead. [1] * Gemini 10 is launched. [1] [5] July 19 * Governor James Rhodes declares state of emergency in Cleveland, Ohio due to race riot. [1] July 21 * Gemini X returns to Earth. [1] July 24 * Montgomery Clift, actor, dies at age 45. [1] * The New Orleans Square area opens at Disneyland. It cost US$18 million, and occupies three acres. Walt Disney and the mayor of New Orleans, Louisiana, dedicate the area. [6] July 30 * The Beatles' "Yesterday... and Today," album goes #1 and stays #1 for five weeks. [1] July 31 * Alabamans burn products of The Beatles due to John Lennon's "bigger than Jesus" remark. [1] August 1 * Charles Whitman climbs University of Texas tower and shoots 12 dead. [1] August 2 * Radio Vila (New Hebrides) begins transmitting. [1] August 3

329

* Lenny Bruce, comedian, dies of a morphine overdose. [1] [5] August 5 * Martin Luther King Jr stoned during Chicago march. [1] August 7 * Race riot in Lansing, Michigan, USA. [1] August 8 * South Arican Broadcasting bans The Beatles (due to John Lennon's anti-Jesus remark). [1] August 10 * First lunar orbiter launched by US. [1] * Daylight meteor seen from Utah to Canada. Only known case of a meteor entering the Earth's atmosphere and leaving it again. [1] August 11 * Last USA concert tour of The Beatles begins. [1] August 14 * First US lunar orbiter begins orbiting the Moon. [1] August 15 * Radio Free Asia (South Korea) begins radio transmission. [1] August 17 * Pioneer 7 launched into solar orbit. [1] August 23 * Lunar Orbiter 1 takes first photograph of Earth from Moon. [1] August 24 * USSR launches Luna 11 for orbit around Moon. [1] August 26

330

* Art Baker, TV host (You Asked For It), dies at age 67. [1] August 27 * Francis Chichester begins the first solo sail around the world. [1] * Race riot in Waukegan, Illinois, USA. [1] August 29 * The Beatles' give their last public concert, Candlestick Park, San Francisco, California. [1] September 3 * 24th World San Francisco Convention honors Gene Roddenberry. [1] September 4 * CBS airs the last Perry Mason TV show. [179.777] September 6 * Dr Verwoerd, South African Prime Minister, assassinated in assembly. [1] * Race riot in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. [1] September 7 * Al Kelly, double talk comedian (Ernie Kovacs Show), dies at age 67. [1] September 8 * Star Trek TV show premieres on NBC-TV. [1] * That Girl TV show starring Marlo Thomas premieres on ABC-TV. [1] September 10 * The Beatles' "Revolver" album goes #1 and stays #1 for six weeks. [1] September 11 * Charlie Cantor, actor (Artie - Ray Bolger Show), dies at age 68. [1] September 12 * NBC premieres The Monkees 30-minute comedy TV show. [1] [179.664]

331

* Gemini 11 is launched, the penultimate mission of NASA's Gemini program, and the current human altitude record holder (except for the Apollo lunar missions). [1] [5] September 14 * Gertrude Berg, actress (Molly Goldberg - The Goldbergs), dies at age 66. [1] September 15 * Gemini XI returns to Earth. [1] September 16 * Metropolitan Opera opens at New York's Lincoln Center. [1] September 17 * CBS premieres the Mission: Impossible 60-minute adventure TV show. [179.658] * CBS resumes airing The Jackie Gleason Show 60-minute comedy variety series. [179.485] September 20 * US Surveyor B launched toward Moon; crashes September 23. [1] September 21 * 5 inches of rain falls on New York City. [1] September 28 * Eric Fleming, actor (Gil - Rawhide), dies at age 41. [1] September 30 * Botswana (Bechuanaland) gains independence from Britain (National Day). [1] October 1 * Albert Speer is released from Spandau prison. [10] October 4 * Lesotho (Basutoland) gains independence from Britain (National Day). [1] * Sherman Billingsley, talk show host (Stork Club), dies at age 66. [1]

332

October 15 * US President Lyndon Johnson signs a bill creating Department of Transportation. [1] October 21 * 144 die as a coal waste landslide engulfs a school in South Wales. [1] * Gertrude Hoffman, actress (Mrs Odetts - My Little Margie), dies at age 95. [1] October 22 * USSR launches Luna 12 for orbit around Moon. [1] October 26 * First Pacific communications satellite launched, Intelsat 2. [1] October 29 * National Organization of Women founded. [1] November 1 * Indian Haryana state created from Punjab; Chandigarh territory created. [1] * William Dana in X-15 reaches 93 km. [1] November 4 * Flooding of Arno River (Italy) destroys countless art works. [1] November 6 * First entire lineup televised in color (NBC). [1] November 7 * Lunar Orbiter 2 launched by US. [1] November 8 * Movie actor Ronald Reagan elected governor of California. [1] November 11 * Gemini 12 launched on 4-day flight. [1]

333

November 12 * High schooler Robert Smith kills seven for fame. [1] November 15 * Gemini XII returns to Earth. [1] November 16 * Dr Sam Sheppard freed after 9 years in jail, by a jury. [1] November 17 * Leonids meteor shower peaks (150,000+ per hour). [1] November 18 * US Roman Catholic bishops do away with rule against eating meat on Fridays. [1] November 24 * First TV station in Congo, Kinshasa (Zaïre). [1] * 400 die of respiratory failure and heart attack in killer New York City smog. [1] November 26 * First major tidal power plant opens at Rance estuary, France. [1] November 27 * Billionaire Howard Hughes arrives in Las Vegas and enters the Desert Inn, occupying the entire 9th floor of the St. Andrews Tower. [187.409] November 28 * Coup in Burundi overthrows monarchy; a republic is declared. [1] November 30 * Barbados gains independence from Britain (National Day). [1] December 1 * Georg Kiesinger elected West German chancellor. [1]

334

December 2 * Luitzen [Bertus] Brouwers, Dutch mathematician, dies at age 85. [1] December 5 * I Do! I Do! opens at 46th Steet Theater in New York City for 561 performances. [1] December 6 * Hermann Heiss, composer, dies at age 68. [1] * Polio vaccination becomes obligatory in Belgium. [1] December 8 * US and USSR sign treaty to prohibit nuclear weapons in outer space. [1] December 9 * Yury Alexandrovich Shaporin, composer, dies at age 79. [1] December 10 * Boris Koutzen, composer, dies at age 65. [1] * Israeli Shmuel Yosef Agnon wins Nobel Prize for literature. [1] * Nobel for chemistry awarded to Robert S Mulliken. [1] December 13 * First US bombing of Hanoi. [1] * Charles Watts, actor (Lone Ranger and Lost City of Gold), dies of cancer. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] December 14 * Emma Dunn, actress (You Can't Fool Your Wife), dies at age 91. [1] * Richard Whorf, actor (Chain Lightning), dies of heart attack at age 60. [1] * Verna Felton, actress (Hilda - December Bride), dies at age 76. [1] December 15 * Audouin Dollfus discovers 10th satellite of Saturn, Janus. [1] * At 9:30 AM in St. Joseph's Hospital, Walt Disney dies of acute circulatory collapse, caused by lung cancer, at age 65. He had won more than 950 honors and citations worldwide, including 31 Oscars and seven Emmys. [6]

335

December 17 * Gustaf Paulson, composer, dies at age 68. [1] December 18 * Dr Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas airs for first time on CBS. [1] * Gene Gauntier dies in Cuernavaca, México. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] * Richard L. Walker discovers Saturn's moon Epimetheus. [5] December 19 * Ehm Welk, writer, dies at age 82. [1] December 20 * Brussels: Nuclear Planning Group established. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] December 21 * USSR launches Luna 13; soft-lands in Oceanus Procellarum. [1] December 23 * Britain's rock TV show, Ready Steady Go, airs its last program. [1] * Heimito von Doderer, writer, dies at age 70. [1] * Robert Keith, actor (Battle Circus, Men in War), dies at age 68. [1] December 24 * Gaspar Cassado Moreu, composer, dies at age 69. [1] * Luna 13 lands on Moon. [1] * USAF CL-44 military charter crashes near Binh Thai, Vietnam killing 129. [1] December 26 * Klaziena "Ina" Boudier-Bakker; Dutch author (Poverty), dies at age 88. [1] * Maulana Karenga establishes Kwanzaa (first fruits of harvest) holiday. [1] * Noel Gallon, composer, dies at age 75. [1] December 28 * Thirteen die in a train crash in Everett, Massachusetts, USA. [1] * People's Republic of China performs nuclear test at Lop Nor. [1]

336

December 30 * Christian A Herter, US Minister of Foreign affairs (1959-61), dies at age 71. [1] * Trygve Halvdan Lie, first United Nations Secretary-General (1946-53), dies at age 72. [1] December 31 * The European Free Trade Association abolishes trade tariffs among Austria, Denmark, Finland, Great Britain, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, and Switzerland. [7] * Chief Nipo Strongheart, Native American actor (Pony Soldier), dies at age 75. [1] * The Monkees' "I'm a Believer" hits #1 and stays there for 7 weeks. [1] * Pieter C A Geyl; historian (History of Dutch Race), dies. [1]

337

1967 January 1 * US Federal Communications Commission requires AM-FM sister stations to be at least 50 percent different. [1] * Moon Mullican, rocker, dies at age 58. [1] * Saint Helena adopts constitution. [1] * Tonga revises constitution. [1] January 3 * The Tonight Show is shortened from 105 to 90 minutes. [1] * Carl Wilson of the Beach Boys is indicted for draft evasion. [1] * Jack Ruby, assassin who killed assassin Lee Harvey Oswald, dies at age 55. [1] * Mary Garden, opera star, dies at age 92. [1] January 4 * Donald Campbell, boat racer, dies trying to break 300 mph on water. [1] January 6 * Milton Berle Show last airs on ABC-TV. [1] * Two homemade buses collide on a mountain road in Terpate, Philippines, plunging off a cliff, killing 84, injuring 140. [1] * Arnhem "Tata" Joseph Weiss, "the Zigeunerbaron", is buried. [1] January 7 * The Newlywed Game premieres on ABC TV. [1] * Carl Schuricht, composer, dies at age 86. [1] January 8 * Zbigniew Cybulski, Polish actor (See You Tommorrow), dies at age 39. [1] January 10 * Edward Brooke (Senator-Republican-Massachusetts) takes seat as first popularlyelected black. [1] * Emerson Treacy, actor (Prowler), dies after surgery at age 66. [1] * Lester Maddox inaugurated as Governor of Georgia, USA. [1] * PBS (the National Educational TV) begins as a 70-station network. [1] * Vilem Petrzelka, composer, dies at age 77. [1]

338

January 11 * Romeinse Curie installs Council for Pontifical Study commission. [1] January 13 * Coup in Togo. [1] * The Rolling Stones rock group appear on The Ed Sullivan Show. [1] January 14 * 20,000 attend the Human Be-In, San Francisco, California, USA. [1] * Earthquake in Sicily kills 231. [1] * New York Times reports Army is conducting secret germ warfare experiments. [1] * Renato Lunelli, composer, dies at age 71. [1] January 15 * Albert Szirmai, composer, dies at age 86. [1] January 16 * Dirk Vansina, Flemish playwright (Sage of Kai-Roi), dies at age 72. [1] * Lucius Amerson becomes first southern (Alabama, USA) black sheriff in 20th century. [1] * Robert J Van De Graaff, US nuclear physicist, dies at age 65. [1] January 17 * Evelyn Nesbit, actress (Redemption), dies at age 82. [1] January 18 * Albert Conti, actor (Eagle, Jazz Heaven, Topaz), dies at age 79. [1] * Albert DeSalvo (Boston Strangler) sentenced to life in prison. [1] * Harry Antrim, actor (Ma and Pa Kettle), dies of heart attack at age 83. [1] * Simon Berkelbach van der Sprenkel, vicar/theologist, dies at age 84. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * Yellowknife replaces Ottawa as capital of North West Territories, Canada. [1] January 19 * Grace Cunard, actress (Untamed, Ressurection), dies at age 73. [1] * Herr Karl Tausch writes shortest will "Vse Zene" (All to wife). [1] January 21

339

* Ann Sheridan, actress (Pistols 'n' Petticoats), dies of cancer at age 51. [1] January 22 * Jobyna Ralston, actress (Wings, Girl Shy, Freshman), dies at age 66. [1] January 24 * Howard Charles Shaiffer, entertainer, dies at age 49. [1] January 26 * Albert Remy, actor (Blows), dies at age 55. [1] * Kenneth Thomson, actor (White Gold), dies of emphysema at age 68. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Sary Shagan. [1] January 27 * Alphonse Juin, French marshal, dies at age 78. [1] * At Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida, a fire breaks out during a manned launch-pad test of the Apollo spacecraft and Saturn rocket, killing astronauts Virgil I Grissom, Lieutenant-Colonel USAF Edward Higgins White II, and Roger B Chaffee. [1] [129] * The Beatles sign a nine-year worldwide contract with EMI records. [1] * Treaty banning military use of nuclear weapons in space is signed. [1] January 29 * Wlodzimierz Pozniak, composer, dies at age 62. [1] January 30 * Lee Morgan, actor (Dungeons of Harrow, Last Rebel), dies. [1] January 31 * Chief Thundercloud, actor (Ambush, Colt 45, Typhoon), dies at age 100. [1] * Otto Dibelius, German theologian/bishop, dies at age 86. [1] February 1 * Langston Hughes, poet/translator (Weary Blues), dies on 65th birthday. [1] * Severe brush fires in Tasmania destroy $11 million and 60 lives. [1] February 2

340

* Bolivia adopts its constitution. [1] February 3 * Joe Meek, rocker (Tornados)/producer (Telstar), commits suicide. [1] * Winifred Kingston, silent screen actress (David Garrick), dies at age 72. [1] February 4 * US launches Lunar Orbiter 3. [1] February 5 * Anastasio Somoza elected President of Nicaragua. [1] * Bollingen Prize for poetry awarded to Robert Penn Warren. [1] * Herman Teirlinck, Belgian writer (Jokaste against God), dies at age 87. [1] February 6 * Cultural Revolution in Albania. [1] * Martine Carol, French actress (Nana), dies of heart attack at age 46. [1] February 7 * Henry Morgenthau, US minister of Finance (devaluated dollar), dies at age 74. [1] February 8 * French Diadème D-1C satellite is launched into Earth orbit. [1] * Peter (Asher) and Gordon (Waller) discontinue their singing partnership. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] February 10 * 25th Amendment to US Constitution (Presidential Disability and Succession) in effect. [1] February 14 * James Schneider, actor (Keystone Kops), dies at age 85. [1] * Latin American nuclear-free zone proposal drawn up. [1] * Sig Ruman, actor (Schultz - Life With Luigi), dies at age 82. [1] February 15

341

* First anti-bootleg recording laws enacted. [1] * Antonio Moreno, Spanish actor/director (It, Careers), dies at age 79. [1] * French Diadème 1-D satellite launches into Earth orbit. [1] * Longest dream (REM sleep) on record, Bill Carskadon, Chicago (2:23). [1] * William C Bullitt, first US ambassador in USSR, dies at age 76. [1] February 16 * Smiley Burnette, cowboy (Charlie - Petticoat Junction), dies at age 55. [1] February 17 * Kosmos 140 (Soyuz test) launches into Earth orbit. [1] February 18 * Manuel Palau Boix, composer, dies at age 74. [1] * Robert J Oppenheimer, creator of atomic bomb, dies at age 62. [1] February 19 * Wilmer King, first casuality on Tappan Zee Bridge in New York, dies. [1] February 22 * 25,000 American and South Vietnamese troops launch Operation Junction City, offensive to smash Viet Cong stronghold near Cambodian border. [1] * Fritz Erler, German politician (SDP), dies at age 53. [1] * Joe Forte, actor (Horwitz - Life With Luigi), dies at age 70. [1] February 23 * American 25th amendment (Presidential succession) declared ratified. [1] * US troops begin largest offensive of Vietnam War. [1] February 24 * Franz Waxman, German composer (Day at the races), dies at age 60. [1] February 25 * John Griggs, actor (Joey Bishop Show), dies at age 57. [1] February 26 * Harry McNaughton, comedian (It Pays to be Ignorant), dies at age 70. [1]

342

* USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] February 27 * Antigua and Saint Christopher-Nevis become associated states of United Kingdom. [1] * Pink Floyd rock group release their first single "Arnold Layne". [1] * Rio de la Plata Treaty. [1] March 1 * Dominica and Saint Lucia gain independence from Britain. [1] * House of Representatives expels Representative Adam Clayton Powell Jr (307 to 116). [1] * Queen Elizabeth Hall (South Bank Center) opens in London, England. [1] March 2 * 9th Grammy Awards: "Strangers in Night" and Michele win. [1] * Gordon Harker, actor (Inspector Hornleigh), dies at age 81. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] March 3 * Georges Lonque, composer, dies at age 66. [1] * Grenada gains partial independence from Britain. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] March 5 * Mischa Auer, actor (My Man Godfrey), dies at age 61 of a heart attack. [1] * Mohammed H Mossadeq premier, of Persia (1951-53), dies. [1] March 6 * Muhammad Ali is ordered by selective service to be inducted. [1] * Nelson Eddy, US baritone/actor (Phantom of the Opera), dies at age 65. [1] * Oscar Shaw, actor (Rhythm on the River, Marianne), dies at age 76. [1] * Josef Stalin's daughter Svetlana Allilujeva asks for political asylum in US. [1] * Zoltán Kodály, Hungarian composer (Háry Janos), dies at age 84. [1] March 7 * Clark Gesner's musical You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown premieres in New York City, New York. [1]

343

* Teamster president Jimmy Hoffa begins eight-year jail sentence at Lewisburg Federal Prison for defrauding the union and jury tampering (commuted December 23, 1971). [1] March 8 * John F Bothwell, actor (Freckles - Our Gang), dies at age 46. [1] March 9 * Svetlana Allilueva, Josef Stalin's daughter, defects to the West in New York City. [1] March 11 * Geraldine Farrar, soprano/actress (Such Sweet Compulsion), dies at age 85. [1] * Pink Floyd rock group releases their first song (Arnold Layne). [1] March 12 * Indonesian congress deprives President Sukarno of authority. [1] March 13 * Congo sentences ex-premier Moïse Tsjombe to death. [1] March 14 * The late US President John Kennedy's body moved from temporary grave to a permanent memorial. [1] March 15 * AFCENT-headquarter moves to Brunssum. [1] * Marshal Arturo da Costa e Silva sworn in as President of Brazil. [1] March 16 * James Friskin, composer, dies at age 80. [1] March 17 * Frank Wisbar, director (Fireside Theater), dies at age 67. [1] * Richard Reeves, actor (Murph - Date With an Angel), dies at age 54. [1] March 18 * The Beatles' "Penny Lane" single goes #1. [1]

344

* Jimmy Blaine, singer (Stop the Music), dies at age 42. [1] * The Pirates of the Caribbean attraction opens in New Orleans Square at Disneyland. It includes 119 Audio-Animatronics figures; 64 human, 55 animals. The whole attraction cost US$8 million to build. [6] * Oil tanker Torrey Canyon hits a rock off the Isles of Scilly, Cornwall, United Kingdom and spills oil. [1] March 19 * French Somaliland (Djibouti) votes to continue association with France. [1] March 20 * A J F Moody is first US Army General to die in Vietnam. [1] March 23 * Duncan Macrae, actor (Casino Royale, Kidnapped), dies at age 61. [1] March 24 * Marc Lavry, composer, dies at age 63. [1] * University of Michigan holds first "Teach-in" after bombing of North Vietnam. [1] March 25 * The Turtles' song "Happy Together" goes #1. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] * Rock groups The Who and Cream make US debut at Murray the K's Easter Show. [1] March 26 * 21st Tony Awards: Homecoming and Cabaret win. [1] * Pope Paul VI publishes encyclical Populorum progressio. [1] March 27 * Gerardus H de Vet the Bold, bishop of Breda (1962-67), dies at age 49. [1] March 28 * United Nations Secretary General U Thant makes public proposals for peace in Vietnam. [1] March 31

345

* Don Alvarado, actor (Morning Glory, Big Steal), dies at age 62. [1] * Hieronim Feicht, composer, dies at age 72. [1] * Jimi Hendrix begins his tradition of burning his guitar. [1] April 1 * First British ombudsman sir Edward Compton begins work. [1] April 4 * Dutch De Young government forms. [1] * Mischa Elman, Ukraine/US violinist, dies at age 76. [1] April 5 * ATS II launched but fails to reach orbit. [1] April 6 * Premier Pompidou forms new French government. [1] April 7 * Israeli/Syrian border fights. [1] * Tom Donahue, San Francisco disc jockey, begins new radio format - Progressive (KMPX-FM). [1] April 9 * First Boeing 737 rolls out. [1] * Shortwave broadcaster Radio New York Worldwide's transmitter burns down. [1] April 10 * 39th Academy Awards - Man For All Seasons, Elizabeth Taylor and P Scofield win. [1] April 11 * Harlem (New York City) voters defy US Congress and re-elect Adam Clayton Powell Jr. [1] April 13 * Luis Somoza Debayle, President of Nicaragua (1956-63), dies at age 44. [1]

346

April 14 * General Gnassingbe Eyadema becomes President of Togo. [1] * In the Vietnam War, US planes bomb Haiphong for first time. [1] April 15 * Wait A Minim! closes at John Golden Theater in New York City after 457 performances. [1] * Antonio de Curtis Toto, comedian, dies of heart attack at age 69. [1] April 17 * Surveyor 3 launched; soft lands on Moon, April 20. [1] April 19 * Casino Royale James Bond film premieres in theaters. [1] * The Beatles sign a contract to stay together for 10 years (they don't). [1] * Conrad Adenauer, West Germany chancellor (1949-63), dies at age 91. [1] * US Surveyor III lands on Moon. [1] * Yugoslav author Mihaljo Mihaljov sentenced 4.5 years. [1] April 20 * French author Régis Debray caught in Bolivia. [1] * US Surveyor 3 lands on Moon. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] April 21 * André L Danjon, French astronomer, dies at age 77. [1] * EO, Evangelical Broadcasting, begins in Netherlands. [1] * Military coup in Greece, Konstantinos Kollias becomes premier. [1] April 22 * Martial Law goes into effect in Greece. [1] * Tom Conway, actor (Mark Saber, Betty Hutton Show), dies at age 62. [1] April 23 * Soyuz 1 launched. [1] April 24

347

* Frank Overton, actor (12 O'Clock High), dies at age 48. [1] * Vladimir M Komarov, cosmonaut (Voshkod I), is first to die in space, aboard Soyuz 1 at age 40. [1] April 25 * Abortion legalized in Colorado, USA. [1] * Britain grants internal self-government to Swaziland. [1] April 26 * San Marco 2 satellite launch (first Equatorial launch). [1] April 27 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] April 28 * Expo 67 opens in Montréal, Quebec, Canada. [1] April 29 * Anthony Mann, US director (El Cid, Last Frontier), dies at age 60. [1] April 30 * Highest tower in the world finished, 537 metres (USSR). [1] May 1 * Anastasio Somoza Debayle becomes President of Nicaragua. [1] * Elvis Presley and Pricilla Beaulieu wed in Las Vegas, Nevada. [1] * Pulitzer prize awarded to Bernard Malamud (The Fixer). [1] May 3 * Black students seize finance building at Northwestern University. [1] May 4 * Bengt Axel von Torne, composer, dies at age 75. [1] * Lunar Orbiter 4 launched by US; begins orbiting Moon May 7. [1] May 6

348

* 400 students seize administration building at Cheyney State College. [1] * Zakir Hussain elected first Muslim President of India. [1] May 8 * Barbara Payton, actress (Dallas, Trapped, Bad Blonde), dies at age 39. [1] * Elmer Rice, New York playwright/director/novelist, dies at age 74. [1] * Laverne Andrews, singer (Andrews Sisters), dies at age 51. [1] * Muhammad Ali is indicted for refusing induction in US Army. [1] May 9 * First flight of Fokker F-28 Fellowship. [1] * Elmar Berkovich, Dutch industrial designer (Eindhoven theater), dies. [1] * Philippa Duke Schuyler, composer, dies at age 35. [1] May 10 * Stockholm Vietnam-Tribunal declares US aggression in Vietnam/Cambodia. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] May 11 * 100,000,000th US phone connected. [1] * Great Britain, Ireland, and Denmark apply for European Community membership. [1] May 12 * H Rap Brown replaces Stokely Carmichael as chairman of Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. [1] * Julius Kalas, composer, dies at age 64. [1] May 13 * Frank McGrath, actor (Wagon Train), dies at age 64. [1] May 15 * Edward Hopper, US painter (House by Railroad), dies at age 84. [1] * Jaromir Fiala, composer, dies at age 74. [1] May 16 * Philadelphia voters approve a US$13 million bond issue to build a new stadium. [1]

349

May 17 * Bob Dylan's 1965 United Kingdom Tour is released as the film Don't Look Back. [1] * John Wesley Work, composer, dies at age 65. [1] May 18 * Andy Clyde, Hopalong Cassidy's sidekick, dies at age 75. [1] * Richard Ainley, actor (I Dood It, Above Suspicion), dies at age 56. [1] * Silver hits record US$1.60 an ounce in London, England. [1] * Tennessee Governor Ellington repeals "Monkey Law", upheld in 1925 Scopes Trial. [1] May 19 * US bombs Hanoi, Vietnam. [1] * USSR ratifies treaty with England and US banning nuclear weapons in space. [1] May 20 * 10,000 demonstrate against war in Vietnam. [1] * BBC bans The Beatle's "A Day in the Life" (drug references). [1] May 22 * Mister Rogers' Neighborhood debuts on NET (now PBS). [1] * Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser closes Straits of Tiran to Israel. [1] * Fire at L'Innovation department store kills 322 (Brussels, Belgium). [1] * Henry C Rümke, psychiatrist (Light of Man), dies at age 74. [1] May 23 * Government bans submarines near South Africa. [1] * Philip Coolidge, actor (I Want to Live, Tingler), dies at age 58. [1] * Sanne Sannes, photographer, dies at age 30. [1] May 25 * John Lennon takes delivery of his psychedelic-painted Rolls Royce. [1] May 26 * Antoon Spinoy, Belgian politician, dies at age 60. [1] * George E Stone, actor (5 Star Final, Front Page), dies at age 64. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1]

350

May 28 * Dmitri Shostakovich completes his second Violin concerto. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] May 29 * Australian Paul McManus waterskis barefoot for 1:30:19. [1] * Geronimo Baqueiro Foster, composer, dies at age 69. [1] * Pope Paul VI names 27 new cardinals, including Karol Wojtyla, archbishop of Krakow (later becomes Pope John Paul II). [1] May 30 * Biafra declares independence from Nigeria. [1] * Groundbreaking begins in Florida for Walt Disney World. [6] * Claude Rains, actor (Invisible Man), dies at age 77. [1] * King Hussein of Jordan visits Cairo, Egypt. [1] * Robert "Evel" Knievel's motorcycle jumps sixteen automobiles. [1] June 1 * Mayor-council form of government instituted for Washington, DC. [1] June 2 * Race riots in Roxbury section of Boston, Massachusetts. [1] * Zamah Cunningham, actress (Menosha the Magnificent), dies at age 74. [1] June 4 * In Hollywood, California, the 19th Annual Emmy Awards are presented, hosted by Joey Bishop and Hugh Downs. o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Dramatic Series: Bill Cosby for I Spy o Outstanding Single Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Drama: Peter Ustinov for "Barefoot in Athens" of Hallmark Hall of Fame o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Don Adams for Get Smart o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Dramatic Series: Barbara Bain for Mission: Impossible o Outstanding Single Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Drama: Geraldine Page for episode "Truman Capote's A Christmas Memory" of ABC Stage 67 o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Lucille Ball for The Lucy Show

351

o Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Drama: Eli Wallach for Poppies Are Also Flowers o Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Comedy: Don Knotts for episode "Barney Comes to Mayberry" of The Andy Griffith Show o Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Drama: Agnes Moorehead for episode "Night of the Vicious Valentine" for The Wild Wild West o Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Comedy: Frances Bavier for The Andy Griffith Show o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy: James Frawley for episode "Royal Flush" of The Monkees o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Variety or Music: Fielder Cook for Brigadoon o Individual Achievements in Electronic Production - Technical Directors: A.J. Cunningham for Brigadoon o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Drama: Alex Segal for Death of a Salesman o Individual Achievements in Electronic Production - Lighting Directors: Leard Davis for Brigadoon o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Comedy: Buck Henry and Leonard Stern for episode "Ship of Spies" of Get Smart o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Drama: Bruce Geller for Mission: Impossible o Individual Achievements in Art Direction and Allied Crafts (Make-Up): Dick Smith for Mark Twain Tonight! o Individual Achievements in Art Direction and Allied Crafts (Costume Design): Ray Aghayan and Bob Mackie for Alice Through the Looking Glass o Outstanding Musical Program: Fielder Cook for Brigadoon o Program and Individual Achievements in Daytime Programming - Individuals: Mike Douglas for The Mike Douglas Show o Outstanding Dramatic Series: Joseph Gantman and Bruce Geller for Mission: Impossible o Individual Achievements in Electronic Production - Electronic Cameramen: Robert Dunn, Gorm Erickson, Ben Wolf, and Nick Demos for Brigadoon o Outstanding Children's Program: Gene Kelly for Jack and the Beanstalk o Outstanding Dramatic Program: David Susskind and Daniel Melnick for Death of a Salesman o Outstanding Comedy Series: Bert Schneider and Bob Rafelson for The Monkees o Program and Individual Achievements in Daytime Programming - Programs: Don Meier for Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom o Special Classifications of Individual Achievements: * Truman Capote and Eleanor Perry for episode "A Christmas Memory" of ABC Stage 67 * Art Carney for The Jackie Gleason Show * Arthur Miller for Death of a Salesman o Outstanding Variety Series: Edward Stephenson and Bob Finkel for The Andy Williams Show

352

[1] [186] June 6 * Six-day war between Israel and Arab neighbors begin. [1] * Edward G Givens Jr, astronaut, dies in an auto accident at age 37. [1] June 7 * Israel captures Wailing Wall in East Jerusalem. [1] June 8 * Israel attacks USS Liberty in Mediterranean, killing 34 US crewmen. [1] June 10 * 15,000 attend Fantasy Faire and Magic Mountain Music Festival, California, USA. [1] * Israel, Syria, Jordan, Iraq, and Egypt end "Six Day War" with United Nations help. [1] June 11 * Race riot in Tampa, Florida; National Guard mobilizes. [1] June 12 * Race riot in Cincinnati, Ohio; 300 arrested. [1] * US Supreme Court unanimously ends laws against interracial marriages. [1] * USSR launches Venera 4 for parachute landing on Venus. [1] June 13 * U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson nominates Solicitor-General Thurgood Marshall as justice on the U.S. Supreme Court. [1] [5] June 14 * Launch of Mariner V for Venus fly-by. [1] * USSR launches Kosmos 166 for observation of Sun from Earth orbit. [1] June 15 * California Governor Ronald Reagan signs liberalized abortion bill. [1]

353

June 16 * 50,000 attend Monterey International Pop Festival. [1] June 17 * China becomes world's fourth thermonuclear (H-bomb) power. [1] June 23 * US President Lyndon Johnson and Alexei Kosygin hold first of two summit meetings in Glassboro, New Jersey. [1] * US Senate censures Thomas J Dodd (Democrat-Connecticut) for misusing campaign funds. [1] June 25 * 400 million watch The Beatles' Our World TV special. [1] June 26 * Francoise Dorléac, actress (That Man From Rio), dies at age 35. [1] June 27 * The world's first ATM is installed in Enfield, London. [5] * Race riot in Buffalo, New York; 200 arrested. [1] June 29 * Israel removes barricades, re-unifying Jerusalem. [1] * Actress Jayne Mansfield dies in a car crash at age 34. [1] [5] July 1 * BBC starts their World Radio Club. [1] * The Beatles' "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" goes #1 for 15 weeks. [1] July 3 * News at 10 premieres on English TV. [1] July 4 * US Freedom of Information Act goes into effect. [1]

354

July 6 * Biafran War erupts as Nigerian forces invade Biafra, which seceeded May 30. [1] July 7 * The Beatles' song "All You Need is Love" is released. [1] * Vivian Leigh, Scarlet in Gone With the Wind, dies at age 53. [1] July 12 * Blacks in Newark, New Jersey riot; 26 killed, 1500 injured and over 1000 arrested. [1] July 14 * Surveyor 4 launched to Moon; explodes just before landing. [1] July 16 * Prison brawl ignites barracks, killing 37 (Jay, Florida, USA). [1] July 17 * The Monkees perform at Forest Hills, New York; Jimi Hendrix is opening act. [1] * Race riots in Cairo, Illinois, USA. [1] July 18 * Silver hits record US$1.87 an ounce in New York. [1] July 19 * Race riots in Durham, North Carolina, USA. [1] * US launches Explorer 35 for lunar orbit (800/7400 km). [1] July 20 * Race riots in Memphis, Tennessee, USA. [1] July 21 * Actor Basil Rathbone of Johannesburg, South Africa, dies at age 75. [1] July 22

355

* Carl Sandburg, poet (Abraham Lincoln: The Prarie Years), dies at age 89. [1] * Jimi Hendrix quits as opening act of The Monkees' tour. [1] July 23 * 43 killed in racial rebellion in Detroit, Michigan, USA (2,000 injured, 442 fires). [1] July 24 * The Beatles sign a petition in The Times to legalize marijuana. [1] * Charles de Gaulle says 'Vive le Québec libre! Long live free Quebec!'. [1] * Race riot in Cambridge, Maryland, USA. [1] July 29 * Explosion and fire aboard aircraft carrier USS Forrestal in Gulf of Tonkin kills 134, causes US$100 million in damage. [1] * Moderate earthquake (6.5) strikes Caracas, Venezuela causing severe damage. [1] July 30 * Race riot in Milwaukee (four killed). [1] August 2 * Claude A Barnett, founded Associated Negro Press, dies at age 78. [1] * New Orleans Saints' first pre-season game, they lose to Los Angeles Rams 16-77. [1] * US's Lunar Orbiter 5 launched; enters lunar orbit August 5. [1] August 4 * Shortwave group ANARC's first convention (Chicago, Illinois). [1] August 12 * New Orleans Saints' first pre-season victory, beat Saint Louis Cardinals 23-14. [1] August 15 * England's Marine Offense Bill making pirate radio stations a crime goes into effect; pirate station Radio 355 closes down. [1] August 19 * The Beatles' "All You Need is Love" single goes #1. [1]

356

August 24 * Amanda Randolph, actress (Danny Thomas, Amos n Andy), dies at age 65. [1] * Liberian flag designed. [1] August 25 * George Lincoln Rockwell, head of American Nazi Party, assassinated. [1] * Minnesota Twins' Dean Chance second no-hitter of month beats Cleveland Indians, 2-1. [1] * Paraguay accepts its constitution. [1] August 27 * Brian Epstein, The Beatles' manager, dies. [1] August 28 * Paul Muni, actor, dies at age 71. [1] September 1 * James Dunn, actor (Uncle Earl - It's a Great Life), dies at age 65. [1] September 3 * CBS airs the last What's My Line? TV show. [1] [179.1062] * Nguyen Van Thieu elected president of South Vietnam under a new constitution. [1] * Swedish automobile driving switches to the right-hand side of roads. [1] [7] September 4 * 6.5 earthquake of Kolya Dam, India, kills 200. [1] September 7 * The CBS TV network airs the first Mannix 60-minute crime drama TV show in the USA. [179.614] September 8 * Surveyor 5 is launched; makes soft landing on Moon September 10. [1] * Uganda abolishes traditional tribal kingdoms, becomes a republic. [1] September 9

357

* First successful test flight of a Saturn V booster rocket. [1] September 10 * Gibraltar votes 12,138 to 44 to remain British. [1] September 11 * US Surveyor 5 makes first chemical analysis of lunar material. [1] * The CBS TV network airs the first The Carol Burnett Show 60-minute variety show in the USA. [179.167] September 14 * The NBC TV network airs the first Ironside 60-minute crime drama TV show in the USA. [179.473] September 17 * Mission Impossible TV show premieres on CBS-TV. [1] * Mount Washington cog railway train derails, kills 8 (New Hampshire). [1] September 19 * Martin Block, TV announcer (Chesterfield Supper Club), dies at age 64. [1] September 20 * Hurricane Beulah hits Texas-Mexican border, kills 38. [1] September 22 * The Cunard ocean liner Queen Mary leaves New York on its final Atlantic crossing. [260.86] September 28 * Walter Washington elected first mayor of Washington, DC. [1] September 30 * BBC starts their own popular music radio station. [1] * USSR's Kosmos 186 and 188 complete the first automatic docking. [1] October 3

358

* William Knight sets X-15 speed record of 7,297 KPH/4,534 MPH/Mach 6.72. [1] October 5 * Clifton C Williams Jr, astronaut, dies at age 35, in T-38 jet crash. [1] October 6 * Haight-Ashbury hippies throw a funeral to mark the end of hippies. [1] October 7 * The Beatles turn down US$1 million New York concert offer by Sid Berstein. [1] October 9 * Che Guevara executed in Bolivia. [1] October 17 * Pete Knight in X-15 reaches 85 km. [1] October 18 * Soviet Venera 4 becomes the first probe to send data back from Venus. [1] * Buena Vista releases Disney's animated feature film The Jungle Book to theaters. This is the last animated feature personally produced by Walt Disney. [6] October 19 * Mariner 5 makes fly-by of Venus. [1] October 20 * Seven men are convicted of civil rights violations in Meridian, Mississippi. [1] October 21 * Ejnar Hertzsprung, Danish astrophysicist, dies at age 94. [1] * Thousands opposing Vietnam War try to storm the Pentagon. [1] October 26 * Shah of Iran crowns himself after 26 years on Peacock Throne. [1]

359

October 27 * Four people from Baltimore, Maryland, USA pour blood on selective service records. [1] * Expo '67 closes in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. [1] October 30 * USSR Kosmos 186 and 188 make first automatic docking and Venmera 13 launch. [1] October 31 * Nguyen Van Thieu takes oath of office as first president of South Vietnam's second Republic. [1] November 1 * Benita Hume, actress (Vicky-Thew Halls of Ivy), dies at age 61. [1] November 5 * ATS-3 launched by US to take first pictures of full Earth disk. [1] November 6 * US launches Surveyor 6; makes soft landing on Moon November 9. [1] November 7 * US President Lyndon Johnson signs a bill establishing Corporation for Public Broadcasting. [1] November 8 * Silver hits record US$1.951 an ounce in London, England. [1] November 9 * NASA launches the unmanned Apollo 4 test spacecraft from Cape Kennedy. [1] [5] * Charles Bickford, actor (Johnny Belinda, Virginian), dies at age 68. [1] November 13 * Carl B Stokes sworn-in as first major city black mayor (Cleveland, Ohio). [1]

360

November 15 * Michael Adams in X-15 reaches 80 km. [1] November 17 * Surveyor 6 becomes first man-made object to lift off the Moon. [1] November 18 * British government devalues pound sterling from US equivalent of US$2.80 to US$2.40. [1] November 20 * At 11 AM, Census Clock at US Department of Commerce ticks past 200 million. [1] November 21 * Phillip and Jay Kunz fly a kite a record 28,000 feet. [1] November 22 * BBC unofficially bans "I am the Walrus" by The Beatles. [1] * United Artists releases the film Clambake to theaters in the USA. [8] * Silver hits record US$2.17 an ounce in New York. [1] * United Nations Security Council passes resolution 242: Israel must give back occupied land. [1] November 25 * Puerto Rico placed on Atlantic Standard Time. [1] November 27 * Gold pool nations pledge support of $35 per ounce gold price. [1] November 29 * British troops withdraw from Aden. [1] * US Secretary of Defense McNamara becomes President of the World Bank. [1] November 30 * Kuria Muria islands ceded by Britain to Oman. [1] * People's Republic of South Yemen (Aden) gains independence from Britain. [1]

361

December 1 * Queen Elizabeth II inaugurates 98-inch (249-cm) Isaac Newton telescope. [1] December 2 * Cardinal Francis Spellman, archbishop of New York, dies at age 78. [1] * First human heart transplant performed by Dr Christiaan Barnard in Cape Town, South Africa. Louis Waskansky receives the heart of Denise Darvali in an operation taking six hours. Waskansky dies of pneumonia 18 days later. [55.33] (December 3 [1]) December 3 * Annette Kolb, writer, dies at age 92. [1] * Ex-President Sukarno under house arrest in Indonesia. [1] * Final run of "20th Century Limited", famed New York-Chicago luxury train. [1] * Fred Engelen, Flemish actor/director (Kritisch Theater), dies at age 54. [1] * Manuel A Fraai Curaçao, author (Silly Agüero), dies at age 70. [1] December 4 * Bert Lahr [Irving Lahrheim], US comic (Wizard of Oz), dies at age 72. [1] December 5 * The Beatles' clothing store "Apple" on 94 Baker Street, London, England, opens. [1] December 6 * USSR performs nuclear test at Sary Shagan. [1] December 7 * House Peters, silent film actor (Kansas Territory), dies at age 87. [1] December 8 * The Beatles' "Magical Mystery Tour" album is released in United Kingdom. [1] * Robert H Lawrence, USAF/astronaut, dies at age 32. [1] December 9 * Nicolae Ceausescu becomes President (dictator) of Romania. [1] December 10

362

* Brazilio da Cunha Luz Itibere, composer, dies at age 71. [1] * Otis Redding, singer ("Sittin' on the Dock of the Bay"), dies in plane crash at age 26. [1] * Carl Cunningham, rocker (Bar-kays), killed in a plane crash. [1] * Jimmy King, rocker (Bar-kays), dies in a plane crash. [1] * Phalin Jones, rocker (Bar-kays), dies in plane crash. [1] * Ron Caldwell, rocker (Bar-kays), dies in a plane crash. [1] December 11 * 6.5 earthquake in West India, 170 killed. [1] * The Beatles' Apple Music signs its first group - Grapefruit. [1] * Howard Freeman, actor (Double Dynamite), dies after illness, in New York City, New York. [1] * People's front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) established. [1] * Richard Stohr, composer, dies at age 93. [1] * In France, the SST prototype "Concorde" is first shown. [1] * Victor De Sabata, composer, dies at age 75. [1] December 12 * US launches Pioneer 8 into solar orbit. [1] December 13 * Unsuccessful coup against Greek King Constantine II. [1] December 14 * DNA created in a test tube. [1] December 15 * Silver Bay bridge (Ohio-West Virginia) collapses during afternoon rush hour, 34 die. [1] December 17 * Harold Holt, Australian premier (1966-67), drowns at age 59. [1] * [Francis] Barry Byrne of Chicago, Illinois, architect, dies at age 83. [1] December 19 * Alfred Courtens, Belgian sculptor, dies at age 78. [1]

363

December 20 * The Graduate film, starring Dustin Hoffman and Anne Bancroft, premieres. [1] * Ian Anderson and Glenn Cornick form rock group Jethro Tull. [1] December 21 * The first man to undergo a heart transplant (Louis Washkansky, age 55) dies in Cape Town, South Africa, after living for 18 days. [1] [5] (December 20) * Stuart Erwin, actor (Trouble With Father), dies of heart attack at age 64. [1] December 22 * Lee Krieger, actor (Clambake, One Way Wahini), dies at age 48. [1] December 23 * In Brussels, Belgium, the NATO council accepts "Flexible Response" strategy. [1] * Karen Verne, actress (Ships of Fools, Underground), dies at age 49. [1] * US President Lyndon B Johnson meets Pope Paul VI at the Vatican. [1] * Richard Flury, composer, dies at age 71. [1] * Ruth Fuller Sasaki, head of first Zen Institute of America, dies at age 75. [1] December 24 * People's Republic of China performs nuclear test at Lop Nor. [1] December 26 * Dave Brubeck Quartet formally disbands. [1] December 28 * Béla Schick, Hungarian/American children's physician (Scarlet Fever), dies at age 90. [1] * Muriel Siebert is first women to own a seat on New York Stock Exchange. [1] December 29 * Paul Whiteman, US orchestra leader (Fabulous Dorseys), dies at age 77. [1] * Turkish-Cypriot government forms in Cyprus. [1] December 30 * Beatles' "Hello Goodbye" single goes #1 and stays #1 for three weeks. [1] * Bert Berns, US songwriter/producer ("Twist and Shout"), dies at about age 38. [1]

364

1968 January 1 * ABC radio splits into four networks (Info, Entertainment, Contemp and FM). [1] * Evel Knievel fails in his attempt to jump Cæsar's Palace Fountain. [1] * Netherlands gets color TV. [1] January 2 * Christiaan Barnard performs second heart transplant. [1] * Sanoesi Pane, Indonesian writer, dies. [1] January 4 * Joseph Pholien, Belgian Prime Minister (1950-52) communist fighter, dies at age 83. [1] * Leo Fender sells Fender Guitars for US$13 million. [1] January 5 * Dr Benjamin Spock indicted for conspiring to violate draft law. [1] * Dubcek succeeds President Novotny as party leader of Czechoslovakia. [1] * Jean Murat, actor (On the Riviera), dies at age 79. [1] January 6 * The Beatles' "Magical Mystery Tour" album goes #1 and stays #1 for 8 weeks. [1] * Dr N E Shumway performs first US adult cardiac transplant operation. [1] * Kurt Baschwitz, German/Dutch sociologist/journalist (Heksen), dies at age 81. [1] * Surveyor 7 (last of series) launched by US for soft-landing on Moon. [1] January 9 * Louis-François-Marie Aubert, French composer (Habanera), dies at age 90. [1] * Surveyor 7 space probe soft lands on the Moon. [1] January 10 * Basil Sydney, actor (Hamlet, Simba), dies of pleurisy at age 73. [1] * Howard Smith, actor (Harvey Griffin - Hazel), dies at age 74. [1] * Josue Teofilo Wilkes, composer, dies at age 85. [1] * Louis-François-Marie Aubert, French composer (La Momie), dies at age 90. [1] * Theophilus E Dönges, South African Internal minister, dies at age 69. [1] * US Surveyor 7 lands near lunar crater Tycho. [1]

365

January 11 * Explorer 36 (GEOS-B) launched into earth orbit (1080/1570 km). [1] January 12 * Nighttime version of Hollywood Squares TV show premieres on NBC TV. [1] January 15 * Ralph Baer applies for a patent on his invention of the television video game system. [9] * John Davidson, actor (Dick Tracy versus Crime Inc), dies at age 80. [1] * Leopold Infeld, Polish nuclear physicist (Motion and Relativity), dies at age 69. [1] January 16 * Robert R "Bob" Jones, founder (Bob Jones University), dies at age 84. [1] January 17 * Julis Deutsch, Austrian politician/General Spanish republican army, dies at age 83. [1] * Soyuz 4 and 5 complete first docking of two manned spacecraft. [1] January 18 * Bert Wheeler, actor (Rainmakers, High Flyers, Dixiana), dies at age 72. [1] * John Ridgely, actor (Air Force, Possessed, Big Sleep), dies at age 58. [1] * Lee Tracy, actor (Martin Kane - Martin Kane Private Eye), dies at age 69. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakstan/Semipalatinsk. [1] January 21 * US B-52 bomber with nuclear bomb crashes in Greenland. [1] January 22 * Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In TV show premieres on NBC. [1] * Apollo 5 launched to Moon; unmanned lunar module tests made. [1] January 23 * Spy ship USS Pueblo and 83-man crew seized in Sea of Japan by North Korea. [1] January 25

366

* Virginia Maskell, actress (Only Two Can Play), dies at age 31. [1] January 26 * Israeli submarine Dakar crashes in Mediterranean Sea, 69 die. [1] January 29 * Nauru adopts constitution. [1] January 30 * Tsugouharu T Foujita, Japanese/French painter, dies at age 81. [1] * Vietcong launch Tet-offensive on US embassy in Saigon. [1] January 31 * Nauru (formerly Pleasant Island) declares independence from Australia. [1] * Record high barometric pressure (1083.8 mb, 32 inches), at Agata, USSR. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] February 1 * Famous photo: Saigon police chief Nguyen Ngoc Loan executes a Viet Cong officer with a pistol shot to the head. [1] * Former US Vice-President Richard Nixon announces candidacy for President. [1] * World trade conference Unctad 2 opens in New Delhi. [1] February 2 * Springer Publishers in West Berlin bombed. [1] February 4 * Golden Rainbow opens at Shubert Theater in New York City for 355 performances. [1] * Ed Baker, actor (Keystone Kops), dies of emphysema at age 70. [1] * Gerard den Brabander [Jan G Jofriet], poet (Nothing New), dies at age 67. [1] February 5 * Luckey Roberts, composer, dies at age 80. [1] February 6

367

* C Montague Shaw, actor (Buck Rogers, Planet Outlaws), dies at age 85. [1] * Dutch second Chamber condemns US bombing of North Vietnam. [1] February 7 * Belgium government of Vanden Boeynants falls. [1] * Nick [Aloysius Adamschock] Adams, actor (Interns, Pillow Talk, FBI Story, Johnny Yuma-The Rebel), dies of drug overdose at age 36. [1] * Stuart Foster, singer (Galen Drake Show), dies at age 49. [1] February 8 * J Borremans, Belgian politician (Communist), dies at age 56. [1] * Officers kill three students demonstrating in South Carolina State (Orangeburg). [1] February 9 * Barbara Everest, actress (Inquest, Madeleine), dies at age 77. [1] * Frederik M baron van Asbeck, lawyer (League of Nations), dies at age 78. [1] * Rotterdam metro is opened by Princess Beatrix. [1] February 10 * Pitirim A Sorokin, Russian/US sociologist, dies at age 79. [1] February 11 * Howard Lindsay, US playwright (State of the Union), dies at age 78. [1] * Israeli-Jordan border fight. [1] * Jeffrey Kramer survives 76-metre jump off Washington Bridge into Hudson River, New York. [1] * Madison Square Garden III closes; Madison Square Garden IV opens (New York City, New York). [1] February 13 * Ildebrando Pizzetti, Italian composer, dies at age 87. [1] * US sends 10,500 additional soldiers to Vietnam. [1] February 14 * Pennsylvania Railroad/New York City Central merge into Pennsylvania Central. [1] February 15 * Little Walter, rocker, dies at age 37. [1]

368

February 16 * The Beatles' George Harrison and John Lennon and wives fly to India for transcendental meditation study with the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. [1] * America's first 9-1-1 phone system goes into service in Haleyville, Alabama. [1] * Elvis Presley receives gold record for "How Great Thou Art". [1] * Healey Willan, composer, dies at age 87. [1] February 17 * Donald Wolfit, actor (Lawrence of Arabia), dies of heart ailment at age 65. [1] February 18 * 10,000 demonstrators against US in Vietnam War in West Berlin. [1] * British adopt year-round daylight savings time. [1] * David Gilmour joins rock group Pink Floyd. [1] * Sigurd Erixon, geographer (Atlas över Svensk Folkkultur), dies at age 79. [1] February 19 * First US Teachers strike (Florida). [1] * Ralph Dunn, actor (Mr Rudge-Norby), dies at age 65. [1] February 21 * 150,000 demonstrate against leftist students in West Berlin. [1] * Anthony Asquith, British director (Court Martial), dies at age 65. [1] February 22 * Omer C F L Tulippe, Belgian geographer, dies at age 71. [1] February 23 * Edna Ferber, US author (Giant, Showboat), dies at age 80. [1] * Fannie Hurst, US author (Anatomy of Me), dies at age 78. [1] February 24 * First pulsar discovered (CP 1919 by Jocelyn Burnell at Cambridge). [1] * US troops reconquer Hue, Vietnam. [1] February 25

369

* 430 Unification Church couples wed in Korea. [1] * Camille Huysmans, Belgian premier (1946-47), dies at age 96. [1] * Makarios re-elected President of Cyprus. [1] February 26 * Clandestine Radio Voice of Iraqi People (Communist) final transmission. [1] * Eric Feldary, actor (16 Fathoms Deep), dies of burns at age 55. [1] February 27 * Johannes Tralow, writer, dies at age 85. [1] * Ludvik Podest, composer, dies at age 46. [1] February 28 * Doretta Morrow, actress (Because You're Mine), dies at age 41. [1] * Frankie Lymon, singer, dies at age 25. [1] * Juanita Hall, actress (Captain Billy), dies at age 66. [1] February 29 * The Beatles' "Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" wins Grammy. [1] * Howard Hanson's 6th Symphony premieres. [1] * National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders (Kerner Commission) reports against racism and demands aid given to blacks. [1] * US ends regular flights with nuclear bombs. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] March 1 * Georg von der Vring, German painter (Camp Lafayette), dies at age 78. [1] * NBC's unprecedented on-air announcement, Star Trek will return. [1] * Political Party Radikalen (PPR) established in Netherlands. [1] * Vatican City's Apostolic Constitution of 1967 goes into effect. [1] March 2 * USAF displays Lockheed C-5A Galaxy, biggest plane in the world. [1] * USSR launches space probe Zond 4; it fails to leave Earth orbit. [1] March 3 * Greece, Portugal, and Spain's embassies bombed in The Hague, Netherlands. [1] March 4

370

* Alexandre Cellier, composer, dies at age 84. [1] * Martin Luther King Jr announces plans for Poor People's Campaign. [1] * Orbiting Geophysical Observatory 5 launched. [1] March 5 * US launches Solar Explorer 2 to study the Sun. [1] March 6 * Isa Krejci, composer, dies at age 63. [1] * Joseph Martin Jr, Speaker of the House, dies at age 83. [1] March 7 * Yuri Aleksayevich Gagarin, USSR cosmonaut (Vostok I), dies at age 31. [1] March 8 * Students demonstrate in Warsaw. [1] March 9 * 10th Grammy Awards: "Up Up and Away", Sergeant Pepper win. [1] March 10 * Ferry boat sinks in harbor of Wellington, New Zealand (200 killed). [1] * Helen Walker, actress (Brewster's Million), dies of cancer at age 47. [1] March 11 * Dmitri Shostakovich completes his 12nd string quartet. [1] * Otis Redding posthumously receives gold record for "(Sittin' On) the Dock of the Bay". [1] March 12 * Mauritius gains independence from Britain (National Day). [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] March 14 * CBS TV suspends Radio Free Europe free advertising because RFE doesn't make it clear it is sponsored by the US Central Intelligence Agency. [1]

371

* Erwin Panofsky, German/US art historian/iconologist, dies. [1] * POM performs atmospheric nuclear test at Maralinga, Australia. [1] March 15 * British minister of Foreign affairs George Brown resigns. [1] * Diocese of Rome announces that it "deplored the concept", but wouldn't prohibit rock and roll masses at Church of San Lessio Falconieri. [1] * Life magazine calls Jimi Hendrix the "most spectacular guitarist in the world". [1] * US Mint stops buying and selling gold. [1] * Uprising in South Yemen. [1] March 16 * Bengt Gunnar Ekelöf, Swedish poet (Nun Serviam), dies at age 60. [1] * June Collyer, actress (June-Stu Erwin Show), dies at age 60. [1] * Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco, composer, dies at age 72. [1] * Charlie Company of US troops kills over 500 civilians in four hamlets in Son My district, Vietnam, known as the My Lai massacre. [1] [144.54] * US Senator Robert F. Kennedy announces his candidacy for the Democratic presidential nomination. [1] [129] March 17 * Two-tiered gold price negotiated in Washington DC by US and six European nations. [1] March 18 * US Congress repeals requirement for a gold reserve. [1] * Manuel Gomez Carillo, composer, dies at age 85. [1] March 19 * Howard University students seize administration building. [1] March 20 * Carl T Dreyer, Danish director (Passion of Jeanne d'Arc), dies. [1] * Military intervenes in South-Yemen (leftist ministers resign). [1] * US President Lyndon Johnson signs a bill removing gold backing from US paper money. [1] March 21

372

* Israeli forces cross Jordan River to attack Palestinian Liberation Organization bases. [1] * Portuguese socialist Mario Soares banished to Sao Tomé. [1] March 22 * Jarmila Novotna resigns presidency of Czechoslovakia. [1] * Lynda Johnson ordered off San Francisco cable car for eating an ice cream cone. [1] * Student riot in Nanterre near Paris, France. [1] March 23 * Edwin O'Connor, American writer, dies at age 49. [1] * Reverend Walter Fauntroy is first non-voting congressional delegate from Washington DC. [1] March 24 * Howard Petrie, actor (Border River, Bounty Hunter), dies at age 61. [1] * Lauwrens Voorthuyzen, Dutch sect leader, dies at age 70. [1] March 25 * Douglas Evans, actor (South Pacific Trail), dies in Hollywood. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] March 27 * Suharto succeeds Sukarno as President of Indonesia. [1] * Yuri Gagarin, first man to orbit Earth, and Seryogin, dies in plane crash at age 34. [1] March 29 * Students seize building at Bowie State College. [1] March 30 * General Ludvik Svoboda elected President of Czechoslovakia. [1] March 31 * US President Lyndon Johnson announces he will not seek re-election. [1] [129] April 1 * Lev D Landau, Russian physicist (Nobel Prize 1962), dies at age 59. [1]

373

April 2 * The Beatles form Python Music Ltd. [1] * Chad creates Union of Central African States. [1] * Senator Eugene McCarthy wins Democratic primaries in Wisconsin. [1] April 3 * North Vietnam agrees to meet US representatives to set up preliminary peace talks. [1] April 4 * Apollo 6 launched atop Saturn V; unmanned. [1] * Reverend Martin Luther King Jr, civil rights leader, assassinated by a sniper's bullet in Memphis, Tennessee, USA, at age 39. [1] [5] [129] April 5 * Lois Andrews dies of lung cancer at age 44. [1] April 6 * 94.5 percent of East German voters approve new socialist constitution. [1] * Bobby Hutton, US Black Panther leader, shot to death. [1] * Gunpowder stock at a sporting-goods store explodes, killing 43 (Virginia). [1] * HemisFair 1968 opens in San Antonio, Texas, USA. [1] April 8 * 40th Academy Awards postponed to April 10th due to death of Martin Luther King Jr. [1] * Czechoslovakia Cernik government forms. [1] April 9 * German Democratic Republic adopts constitution. [1] * Martin Luther King Jr buried in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. [1] April 10 * 40th Academy Awards - Heat of the Night, Rod Steiger and Katharine Hepburn win. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1]

374

April 11 * Polish Marshal Spychalski succeeds Ochab as president. [1] * US President Lyndon Johnson signs 1968 Civil Rights Act. [1] April 15 * Boris Nikolayevich Lyatoshynsky, composer, dies at age 73. [1] April 16 * Edna Ferber, author (American Beauty), dies at age 78. [1] * Fay Bainter, actress (Jezebel, Our Town, State Fair), dies at age 76. [1] April 17 * Margaret Seddon dies at age 95. [1] April 18 * 178,000 employees of US Bell Telephone System go on strike. [1] * Dutch Department of Amnesty International forms. [1] * London Bridge is sold to US oil company (to be erected in Arizona). [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] April 19 * Belgian construction workers strike. [1] April 20 * Marion Weeks, singer/actress, dies of stroke at age 81. [1] * Pierre Elliott Trudeau sworn-in as Canada's Prime Minister. [1] * South African Airways Boeing 707 crashes at Windhoek, 122 killed. [1] April 21 * 22nd Tony Awards: Rosencranz and Guilderstern and Hallelujah Baby! win. [1] * Norman Demuth, composer, dies at age 69. [1] * Toby Halicki, car-crash film producer 48, killed shooting stunt. [1] April 23 * First decimal coins issued in Britain (5 and 10 pence). [1] * United Methodist Church forms. [1]

375

April 24 * Leftist students take over Columbia University, New York City, New York. [1] * Norman McKaye, actor (Untamed Fury, Frogman), dies at age 62. [1] * Tommy Noonan, actor (Gentlemen Perfer Blondes), dies at age 45. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] April 25 * Half a Sixpence opens at Broadhurst Theater in New York City for 512 performances. [1] April 26 * Students seize administration building at Ohio State. [1] * US performs underground nuclear test of "Boxcar", a one megaton device, at Nevada Test Site. [1] April 27 * Congress of Political Party Radicals (PPR) forms in Netherlands. [1] * In Great Britain, a law comes into effect allowing abortion. [55.7] April 28 * Hair opens at Biltmore Theater in New York City for 1750 performances. [1] * Eleven-year-old Mary Bell strangles four year-old Martin Brown. [1] April 29 * Frankie Lymon, rocker (and Teenagers), dies of a drug overdose at age 25. [1] April 30 * Frankie Lymon, rocker, dies of a heroin overdose. [1] May 1 * Harold G Nicolson, English author (English sense of humor), dies at age 71. [1] May 2 * First performance of Roger Sessions' 8th Symphony. [1] * Donald L Hall, airplane designer (Spirit of Saint Louis), dies at age 69. [1] * Gold reaches record high (US$39.35 per ounce) in London, England. [1] * Israeli television begins transmitting. [1]

376

May 3 * Leonid Leonidovich Sabaneyev, composer, dies at age 86. [1] May 5 * Albert Dekker dies of accidental suffocation at age 62. [1] May 6 * Battle between students and troops in Paris, France; 1000 injured. [1] * Spain closes border to Gibraltar except to Spaniards. [1] May 7 * Lurleen Burns, wife of George Wallace/Governor of Alabama, dies at age 41. [1] May 8 * Pulitzer prize awarded to William Styron (Confessions of Nat Turner). [1] May 9 * Harold Gray, US comic strip artist (Little Orphan Annie), dies at age 74. [1] * Marion Lorne, actress (Aunt Clara - Bewitched), dies at age 81. [1] * Phil Arnold, actor (Skidoo, Errand Boy, Damn Yankees), dies at age 58. [1] May 10 * Vietnam peace talks began in Paris, France, between the US and North Vietnam. [1] May 11 * Students and police battle in Paris, France, hundreds injured. [1] May 12 * "March of Poor" under Reverend Abernathy reaches Washington DC. [1] May 13 * 1,000,000 French demonstrate against Charles de Gaulle and Pompidou. [1] May 14

377

* The Beatles announce formation of Apple Corp. [1] * Czechoslovakian Government announces liberalizing reforms under Alexander Dubcek. [1] * Husband Edward Kimmel, commandant US Ocean fleet WWII, dies at age 86. [1] * RAF-leader Andreas Baader sentenced to three years in West Berlin. [1] May 15 * A tornado strikes Jonesboro, Arkansas, USA, at 10 PM, killing 36. [1] May 16 * Earthquake kills 47 in Japan. [1] May 17 * European Space Research Organization launches first satellite. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] May 19 * In Los Angeles, California, and New York, New York, the 20th Annual Emmy Awards are presented, hosted by Frank Sinatra (Los Angeles) and Dick Van Dyke (New York). o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Dramatic Series: Bill Cosby for I Spy o Outstanding Single Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Drama: Melvyn Douglas for episode "Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night" of CBS Playhouse o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Don Adams for Get Smart o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Dramatic Series: Barbara Bain for Mission: Impossible o Outstanding Single Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Drama: Maureen Stapleton for Among the Paths to Eden o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Lucille Ball for The Lucy Show o Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Drama: Milburn Stone for episode "Baker's Dozen" of Gunsmoke o Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Comedy: Werner Klemperer for Hogan's Heroes o Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Drama: Barbara Anderson for Ironside o Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Comedy: Marion Lorne for Bewitched

378

o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy: Bruce Bilson for episode "Maxwell Smart, Private Eye" of Get Smart o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Drama: Paul Bogart for episode "Dear Friends" of CBS Playhouse o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Music or Variety: Jack Haley Jr. for Movin' with Nancy o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Comedy: Allan Burns and Chris Hayward for episode "The Coming Out Party" of He & She o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Drama: Loring Mandel for episode "Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night" of CBS Playhouse o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Music or Variety: Chris Bearde, Phil Hahn, Jack Hanrahan, Coslough Johnson, Paul Keyes, Marc London, Allan Manings, David Panich, Hugh Wedlock Jr., and Digby Wolfe for Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In o Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography: Ralph Woolsey for episode "A Thief is a Thief is a Thief" of It Takes a Thief o Outstanding Achievement in Art Direction and Scenic Design: Jan Scott and George Gaines for Kismet o Outstanding Musical or Variety Series: George Schlatter for Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In o Outstanding Musical or Variety Program: George Schlatter for Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In o Outstanding Achievement in Musical Composition: Earle Hagen for episode "Laya" of I Spy o Outstanding Dramatic Series: Mission: Impossible o Special Classification of Individual Achievements: Art Carney for The Jackie Gleason Show o Outstanding Dramatic Program: "Elizabeth the Queen" of Hallmark Hall of Fame o Outstanding Achievement in Sports Programming - Programs: ABC's Wide World of Sports o Outstanding Achievement in Daytime Programming - Programs: Today o Outstanding Comedy Series: Get Smart o International Award, Entertainment: episode "Call Me Daddy" of Armchair Theatre. [1] [205] May 20 * Kees van Dongen, Dutch/French painter, dies at age 91. [1] May 21 * Doris Lloyd, actress (Oliver Twist), dies of heart strain at age 71. [1] * US nuclear-powered submarine (Scorpion), with 99 men, reported missing and is later found at the bottom of the ocean off Azores. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test (underground). [1]

379

May 23 * James Burke, actor (Ellery Queen, Army Surgeon), dies at age 81. [1] * Merle Kendrick, orchestra leader (Window on the World), dies at age 72. [1] May 24 * Bernard Rogers, composer (Warrior, Passion), dies at age 75. [1] * French president Charles de Gaulle proposes referendum, and students set fire to Paris bourse. [1] May 25 * Charles K Feldman [Gould], producer (Casino Royale), dies at age 63. [1] * Gateway Arch in Saint Louis dedicated. [1] * George KFW von Küchler, German marshal (Netherlands 1940), dies at age 86. [1] May 26 * William E "Little Willie" John, American R&B-singer (Fever), dies at age 30. [1] May 27 * Little Willie John, rocker, dies at age 30. [1] * Nuclear submarine Scorpion is lost. [1] May 28 * Senator Eugene McCarthy wins Democratic primary in Oregon. [1] May 29 * US Truth in Lending Act signed into law. [1] * United Nations resolves sanctions on white-minority-ruled Rhodesia. [1] May 30 * President Charles de Gaulle disbands French parliament. [1] * University church in Leipzig, German Democratic Republic, blown up. [1] * West German Parliament accepts emergency crisis law. [1] June 1 * Helen Keller, blind and deaf, dies at age 87. [1] * Simon and Garfunkel's "Mrs Robinson" hits #1. [1]

380

June 5 * US Senator Robert F. Kennedy is shot by assassins in the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, California. Five others are wounded. One shooter is identified as Sirhan Sirhan. [1] [129] June 6 * Robert F Kennedy (Senator-Democrat-New York), dies of gunshot wounds in Los Angeles, California, USA. [1] [5] [129] June 7 * Dan Duryea, actor (Pride of the Yankees), dies at age 60. [1] * Sirhan Sirhan indicted for Bobby Kennedy assassination. [1] June 8 * James Earl Ray, an escaped American convict, is arrested in London, England, and charged with the assassination of civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. [1] [129] * Robert F. Kennedy is buried at Arlington National Cemetery. [129] * New colonial constitution for Bermuda adopted. [1] June 15 * West Montgomery, jazz guitarist, dies of a heart attack at age 48. [1] June 18 * US Supreme Court bans racial discrimination in sale and rental of housing. [1] June 19 * 50,000 participate in Solidarity Day March of Poor People's Campaign. [1] June 20 * Jim Hines becomes first person to run 100 metres in under 10 seconds. [1] June 24 * Deadline for redeeming silver certificate dollars for silver bullion in USA. [1] June 26 * Iwo Jima and Bonin Islands returned to Japan by US. [1]

381

June 28 * Daniel Ellsberg indicted for leaking Pentagon Papers. [1] July 1 * US, Britain, USSR and 58 nations sign Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. [1] July 5 * John Lennon sells his psychedelic painted Rolls-Royce. [1] July 7 * Rock group "The Yardbirds" disband. [1] July 9 * 39.83cm (15.68 inches) of rainfall, Columbus, Mississippi (state 24-hour record). [1] * Allyn Edwards, host (One Minute Please, Mr Citizen), dies at age 53. [1] * John Indrisano, actor (OK Crackerby), dies at age 62. [1] July 14 * Westbrook Van Voorhis, announcer (March of Time), dies at age 64. [1] July 15 * One Life to Live premieres on TV. [1] July 17 * The Beatle's animated film Yellow Submarine premieres in London, England. [1] * Revolt in Iraq. [1] July 18 * C Torres discovers asteroid #2654 Ristenpart. [1] * Intel incorporates. [1] July 23 * Fred Blasie wins 5th wrestling world championship belt. [1] * Palestinian Liberation Organization's first hijacking of an El Al plane. [1] * Race riot in Cleveland, Ohio, 11 including three cops killed. [1]

382

July 25 * H Wroblewski discovers asteroid #1993 Guacolda. [1] * Pope Paul VI publishes encyclical on the regulation of birth. [1] July 27 * Race Riot in Gary, Indiana. [1] July 29 * Mount Arenal, Costa Rica kills 80 in Pelee-type eruption. [1] July 31 * The Beatles close Apple Boutique, giving clothes away for free. [1] August 4 * 100,000 attend Newport Pop Festival, Costa Mesa, California. [1] August 8 * Race riot in Miami, Florida. [1] August 11 * The Beatles launch the "Apple Records" label. [1] August 18 * Cy Walter, pianist (Three's Company), dies at age 52. [1] August 21 * After five years, Russia once again jams Voice of America radio. [1] * US Democratic Convention opens in Chicago, Illinois. [1] * Radio Prague (Czechoslovakia) at 12:50 AM announces a Soviet-led invasion. Warsaw Pact forces enter Czechoslovakia to end reform movement. [1] * William Dana reaches 80 km (last high-altitude X-15 flight). [1] August 22 * First papal visit to Latin America (Pope Paul VI arrives in Bogota, Colombia). [1]

383

August 23 * Ringo Starr temporarily quits The Beatles over a disagreement. [1] August 24 * France explodes its first hydrogen bomb, thus becoming the world's fifth nuclear power. [1] [5] August 25 * John George, actor (Kolb - Adventures of Fu Manchu), dies at age 70. [1] August 28 * Nick Castle, choreographer (Dinah Shore, Judy Garland), dies at age 58. [1] * Police and anti-war demonstrators clash at Chicago's Democratic National Convention. [1] August 30 * First record under Apple label (The Beatle's "Hey Jude"). [1] * William Talman, actor (Hamilton - Perry Mason), dies at age 53. [1] August 31 * 6,000 die in 7.8 earthquake which destroys 60,000 buildings in northeast Iran. [1] * Dennis O'Keefe, actor (Suspicion), dies at age 60. [1] September 5 * 21 killed by hijackers aboard a Pan Am jet in Karachi, Pakistan. [1] September 6 * Swaziland gains independence from Britain (National Day). [1] September 15 * Launch of Zond 5, the first lunar flyaround with Earth reentry. Probable test flight for a manned fly-around (scooped by Apollo 8). [1] September 16 * Richard Nixon appears on TV show Laugh-in. [1]

384

* CBS airs the last The Andy Griffith Show TV show. A total of 249 episodes aired since 1960. [179.57] September 17 * Zond 5 completes circumnavigation of the Moon. [1] September 19 * Red Foley, country singer (Mr Smith Goes to Washington), dies at age 58. [1] September 24 * 60 Minutes premieres. [1] * That's Life premieres - a Broadway musical type TV show. [1] * New York Mets manager Gil Hodges suffers a heart attack. [1] September 26 * The CBS TV network airs the first Hawaii Five-O 60-minute crime drama TV show in the USA. [1] [179.415] September 28 * The Beatles' "Hey Jude" single goes #1 and stays #1 for 9 weeks. [1] September 30 * First Boeing 747 rolls out. [1] October 1 * Horror film Night of the Living Dead premieres in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. [1] October 3 * Military coup overthrows President Fernando Belaúnde Terry in Peru. [1] October 7 * Motion Picture Association of America adopts film rating system. [1] October 9 * Government seizes oil fields in Peru. [1]

385

October 11 * Apollo 7 (Schirra, Eisele and Cunningham) make 163 orbits in 260 hours. [1] * Panama revolts. [1] October 12 * Equatorial Guinea gains independence from Spain (National Day). [1] October 14 * First live telecast from a manned US spacecraft (Apollo 7). [1] * Gruener and Watson (USA) set scuba depth record (133m) in Bahamas. [1] October 15 * Bea Benaderet of New York City, actress (Kate - Petticoat Junction), dies at age 62. [1] October 18 * Circus Circus hotel/casino opens on Las Vegas Boulevard, Nevada. [1] [187.408] October 20 * Elder Lightfoot Solomon Michaux, TV preacher, dies at age 84. [1] October 22 * Apollo 7 returns to Earth. [1] October 25 * Chicago, Illinois, recognizes Jean Baptiste Pointe de Sable as its first settler. [1] October 26 * Soyuz 3 launched. [1] October 30 * Pert Kelton, actress (Cavalcade of Stars), dies at age 61. [1] October 31

386

* Milwaukee Bucks win their first game beating Detroit Pistons 138-118 (6th game). [1] * US President Lyndon Johnson orders a halt to all bombing of North Vietnam. [1] November 5 * Richard Nixon (Republican) beats Vice President Hubert Humphrey (Democrat) and George C Wallace for US Presidency. [1] November 8 * Wendell Corey, actor (11th Hour, Peck's Bad Girl), dies at age 54. [1] November 10 * Gerald Mohr, actor (Christopher-Foreign Intrigue), dies at age 54. [1] * Launch of Zond 6, second unmanned circumlunar and return flight. [1] November 11 * Maldives (in Indian Ocean) becomes a republic. [1] November 19 * Army coup seizes power in Mali. [1] November 20 * Cathy Lewis, actress (Deidre - Hazel), dies at age 50. [1] November 25 * Phil Lord, actor (Stud's Place), dies at age 89. [1] December 1 * Burt Bacharach's and Hal David's musical Promises Promises opens at Shubert Theater in New York City for 1281 performances. [1] * Gonzalo Barrios elected President of Venezuela. [1] * Hugo Haas, actor/director (Bait, Pick Up), dies of asthma at age 66. [1] December 2 * US President Richard Nixon names Henry Kissinger security advisor. [1] December 5

387

* Fred Clark, actor (Zotz, Auntie Mame), dies of liver ailment at age 54. [1] December 7 * Orbiting Astronomical Observatory 2 launched into Earth orbit. [1] * Richard Dodd returns a library book his great grandfather borrowed in 1823 to the University of Cincinnati; the US$22,646 fine goes unpaid. [1] December 9 * Doug Engelbart demonstrates first computer mouse at Stanford, California. [1] December 10 * Karl Barth, Swiss theologist/minister (Kirchliche Dogma), dies at age 82. [1] * Patsy Moran, actress (Children of the Wild), dies at age 65. [1] * Thomas Merton, French/American priest/writer (7 Story Mountain), dies at age 53. [1] December 11 * Nadine Riga dies of cerebral hemorrhage at age 59. [1] December 12 * Tallulah Bankhead, actress (All Star Revue), dies of pneumonia at age 65. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] December 13 * President Da Costa e Silva of Brazil disbands parliament, grabs power. [1] * Siegfried Reda, composer, dies at age 52. [1] December 18 * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] December 19 * Norman Thomas, founder (ACLU)/Socialist Party (1926-55), dies at age 84. [1] December 20 * Bax Brod, composer, dies at age 84. [1]

388

* John Steinbeck, author (Grapes of Wrath, Nobel Prize 1962), dies in New York at age 66. [1] * Max Brod, writer, dies at age 84. [1] December 21 * Apollo 8 (Frank Borman, Jim Lovell and Bill Anders) is launched from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, the first manned Moon voyage. [1] [5] * David Crosby, Stephen Stills and Graham Nash premiere together in California. [1] December 22 * Louise Granville, entertainer, dies of influenza at age 73. [1] December 23 * First documented US case of space motion sickness. [1] * 82 members of US intelligence ship Pueblo released by North Korea. [1] * Borman, Lovell and Anders become first men to orbit Moon. [1] December 24 * Apollo 8 astronauts' Christmas reading (Book of Genesis) while orbiting Moon. [1] December 25 * Apollo 8 performs the first successful Trans Earth Injection (TEI) maneuver, sending the crew and spacecraft on a trajectory back to Earth from Lunar orbit. [5] December 26 * Arab terrorists in Athens, Greece, fire on El Al plane, kills one. [1] * Led Zeppelin's concert debut in Boston, Massachusetts as opener for Vanilla Fudge. [1] December 27 * Apollo 8 returns to Earth. [1] * People's Republic of China performs nuclear test at Lop Nor. [1] December 28 * 100,000 attend Miami Pop Festival, Florida. [1] * The Beatles' "White Album" goes #1 and stays #1 for 9 weeks. [1] * Israeli assault on Beirut Airport. [1]

389

December 29 * Israeli commandos destroy 13 Lebanese airplanes. [1] December 30 * -48 degrees F (-44 degrees C), Mazama and Winthrop Washington (state record). [1] December 31 * First supersonic airliner flown (Russian Tupolev TU-144). [1] * Carl Oscar Ahues, German International Chess Master (1950), dies at age 85. [1] * George Louis Francis Lewis, composer, dies at age 16. [1] * Sabin V Dragoi, composer, dies at age 74. [1]

390

1969 January 1 * Barton Maclane, actor (General Peterson - I Dream of Jeannie), dies at age 68. [1] January 2 * Soviet Sport calls Emile Zatopek a public enemy. [1] * Georges Renevant, actor (Cornered), dies after long illness at age 74. [1] January 3 * Howard McNear, actor (Irma La Douce), dies after long illness at age 63. [1] * John Lennon's "2 Virgins" album declared pornographic in New Jersey, USA. [1] * Representative Adam Clayton Powell Jr seated by US Congress. [1] January 4 * France begins arms embargo against Israel. [1] * Montague Fawcett Phillips, composer, dies at age 83. [1] January 5 * Bollingen prize for poetry presented to John Berryman and Karl Shapiro. [1] * Franz T Csokor, Austria author (Gottes General), dies at age 83. [1] * Neville Williams' Chronology of the Expanding World completed. [1] * Tom Aherne, actor (Hustler, April Fools), dies of influenza in New York. [1] * USSR Venera 5 launched for first successful planet landing (Venus). [1] January 7 * US Congress doubles presidential salary. [1] January 9 * Concorde jetliner's first test flight (Bristol, England). [1] * Ladislav Vycpalek, composer, dies at age 86. [1] January 10 * Sweden (first Western country) recognizes North Vietnam. [1] * USSR's Venera 6 launched for parachute landing on Venus. [1] January 13

391

* Wilton Graff, actor (Bloodlust, Just Before Dawn), dies at age 65. [1] January 14 * 25 members of US aircraft carrier Enterprise die during maneuvers. [1] * Soyuz 4 launched; rendezvous with Soyuz 5 two days later. [1] January 15 * Soyuz 5 launched by Soviet Union. [1] * Theodor Werner, German painter, dies at age 82. [1] January 16 * Jan Palach, protesting Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, self immolates at age 20. [1] * Soviet Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5 perform first transfer of crew in space. [1] * Vernon Duke, composer, dies at age 65. [1] January 17 * The Beatles' album Yellow Submarine released in the United Kingdom. [1] * Debut album of rock music group Led Zeppelin released in US. [1] * Grazyna Bacewicz, composer, dies at age 59. [1] * United States attorney general Ramsey Clark charges IBM with unlawful monopolization of the computer industry, and requests the federal courts break it up. (13 years later, the US Justice Department will drop the case.) [4] January 18 * Expanded four-party Vietnam peace talks began in Paris, France. [1] * Soyuz 5 returns to Earth. [1] January 19 * Charles Winninger, actor (Cafe Metropole, Coney Island), dies at age 84. [1] January 20 * Richard M Nixon inaugurated as President of the United States. [1] * University of Arizona reports first optical identification of pulsar (in Crab Nebula). [1] January 22 * Billy Preston becomes the fifth member of The Beatles. [1]

392

* Judy Garland, singer/actress (Wizard of Oz), dies at age 48 of an overdose. [1] * Orbiting Solar Observatory 5 launched into earth orbit. [1] January 23 * Jaroslav Kricka, composer, dies at age 86. [1] January 24 * Pauline Hall, composer, dies at age 78. [1] * Queen Juliana appointed honorary citizen of Addis Ababa. [1] * Spanish General Franco announces state of emergency. [1] January 25 * John Zajíc, Czech student, self-incinerates. [1] * US-North Vietnamese peace talks begin in Paris, France. [1] January 27 * Fourteen spies hung in Baghdad, Iraq. [1] * Nine Jews publicly executed in Damascus, Syria. [1] * Actress Thelma Ritter suffers a heart attack (she dies February 4th). [1] * Charles Winninger, actor (Charlie Farrell Show), dies at age 82. [1] * Hanns Jelinek, composer, dies at age 67. [1] * Noordiers vicar Ian Paisley sentenced to three years. [1] January 29 * Jimi Hendrix and Peter Townshend wage a battle of guitars. [1] January 30 * Allan Welsh Dulles, US diplomat/director (US Central Intelligence Agency 1953-61), dies at age 75. [1] * The Beatles perform their last gig together, a 42-minute free concert on the roof of Apple headquarters. [1] * Dominique G Pire, clergyman, (Europe village Nobel Prize 1958), dies at age 58. [1] * US/Canada ISIS 1 launched to study ionosphere. [1] January 31 * Alexander Mikhaylovich Dzegelyonok, composer, dies at age 77. [1] * Vice Admiral Rufus L Taylor, USN, ends term as deputy director of US Central Intelligence Agency. [1]

393

February 2 * Boris Karloff [Pratt], British actor (Frankenstein), dies at age 81. [1] * Giovanni Martinelli, opera singer (New York Metropolitan), dies at age 83. [1] February 3 * Eduardo C Mondlane, President of Mozambique, murdered. [1] * The Palestine National Congress appointed Yasser Arafat head of Palestinian Liberation Organization. [1] February 4 * Thelma Ritter, actress (All About Eve, Pillow Talk), dies at age 63. [1] * Yasser Arafat takes over as chairman of Palestinian Liberation Organization. [1] February 5 * Turn-On TV show, debuts and is cancelled by ABC after flopping so badly. [1] * US population reaches 200 million. [1] February 7 * This Is Tom Jones debuts on ABC TV. [1] * Al-Fatah-leader Yasser Arafat becomes president of Palestinian Liberation Organization. [1] * Bainbridge Crist, composer, dies at age 85. [1] February 8 * Last edition of Saturday Evening Post. [1] * Meteorite weighing over one ton falls in Chihuahua, México. [1] February 9 * World's largest airplane, Boeing 747, makes first commercial flight. [1] * [George] Gabby Hayes, actor (Albuquerque, Colorado), dies at age 83. [1] February 11 * James Lanphier; actor (Flight of Lost Balloon), dies at age 48. [1] February 12 * Johanna EFG Tourniaire, actress (Potasch and Perlemoer), dies at age 80. [1]

394

February 13 * Suriname government of Pengel resigns. [1] February 14 * Vito Genovese, US mafia chief, dies at age 71. [1] * Wolfe Barzell, actor (Blue Angel), dies of heart attack at age 72. [1] February 17 * Bob Dylan and Johnny Cash record an album (never released). [1] * Golda Meir sworn in as Israel's first female prime minister. [1] February 18 * Dragisa Cvetkovic, Serbian premier of Yugoslavia (1939-), dies at age 76. [1] * Palestinian Liberation Organization attacks El-Al plane in Zurich, Switzerland. [1] February 19 * First Test flight of Boeing 747 jumbo jet. [1] February 20 * Ernest Ansermet, Swiss conductor/composer, dies at age 85. [1] * Jack Ingram, actor (Law of the West), dies of heart attack at age 66. [1] February 21 * First launching of heavy N-1 rocket at Baikonur, Kazachstan (explodes). [1] February 23 * Abd al-Aziz Abd al-Rahman al-Faisal al-Saud King Saudia dies at age 67. [1] * Joseph Messner, composer, dies at age 75. [1] * Nayif Hawatimah forms Democratic People's Front for Liberation of Palestine. [1] February 24 * Kenneth Green, actor (Penrod), dies of heart attack at age 61. [1] February 25 * Mariner 6 launched for fly-by of Mars. [1]

395

February 26 * Karl Jaspers, German psychiatrist/philosopher, dies at age 86. [1] * Levi Eshkol [Sjkolnik], Israeli premier, dies. [1] February 27 * General Hafez al-Assad becomes head of Syria via military coup. [1] * John Boles, actor (Stella Dallas, Curly Top), dies at age 73. [1] * US President Richard Nixon visits West Berlin. [1] March 1 * After 88 weeks, The Beatles' Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album drops off the charts. [1] March 2 * First test flight of the supersonic Concorde. [1] * Chinese-Russian borders fight (approximately 70 die). [1] * Dmitri Shostakovich completes his 14th Symphony. [1] March 3 * Apollo 9 launched into 151 Earth orbits (10 days). [1] March 5 * Gold reaches record high US$47 per ounce in Paris, France. [1] * Gustav Heinemann elected President of West Germany. [1] March 7 * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] March 9 * Riad, chief of staff (Egyptian army), dies. [1] * Richard Crane, actor (Surfside 6), dies at age 50. [1] March 10 * James Earl Ray pleads guilty in murder of Martin Luther King Jr. [1] March 11

396

* John Wyndham [Parkes Lucas B Harris], author (Day of the Triffids, Chrysalids), dies at age 65. [1] March 12 * 11th Grammy Awards: "Mrs Robinson", "By the Time I Get to Phoenix" win. [1] * The Beatles' Paul McCartney marries Linda Louise Eastman in London, England. [1] March 13 * Buena Vista generally releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film The Love Bug to theatres in the USA. (It becomes the highest grossing film in the US for the year.) [6] * Apollo 9 returns to Earth. [1] * Felix Locher, actor (Frankenstein's Daughter), dies at age 86. [1] March 14 * Ben Shahn, US painter, dies at age 70. [1] March 15 * Miles Malleson, actor/writer (Postman's Knock), dies at age 80. [1] * US Supreme Court Justice Abe Fortas resigns. [1] * Violent Chinese-Russian border dispute (hundreds dead). [1] March 16 * Peter Stone and Sherman Edward's 1776 premieres at 46th Steet Theater in New York City for 1217 performances. [1] * Viasa DC-9 crashes at Maracaibo's Grano de Oro airport, killing 155. [1] March 17 * Golda Meir becomes Israel's fourth Prime Minister. [1] March 18 * Barbara Bates, actress (Kathy - It's a Great Life), dies at age 43. [1] March 19 * British invade Anguilla. [1] * Chicago 8 indicted in aftermath of Chicago Democratic convention. [1] * Theodor Schaefer, composer, dies at age 65. [1]

397

March 20 * The Beatles' John Lennon marries Yoko Ono in Gibraltar. [1] * US President Richard Nixon proclaims he will end Vietnam war in 1970. [1] March 21 * Gerhart Fritsch, writer, dies at age 44. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] March 22 * Ernst Deutsch [Dorian], Czechoslovakian actor (3rd Man, Golem), dies at age 78. [1] March 23 * Rally for Decency (Miami, Florida). [1] * Rudolf Pannwitz, German author/philosopher (Urblik), dies at age 87. [1] March 24 * Joseph Kasavubu, President of Congo (1960-65), dies at about age 55. [1] March 25 * Alan Mowbray, actor (Dante, Colonel Flack), dies at age 72. [1] * Andes Pact signed in Peru. [1] * John Lennon and Yoko Ono stage their first bed-in for peace (Amsterdam, Netherlands). [1] * Max F Eastman, US critic/essayist (Love and Revolution), dies at age 86. [1] * Pakistan General Agha Mohammed Jagja Khan succeeds Ayub Chan as President. [1] March 26 * B[runo] Traven, writer (Sierra Madre), dies at age 87. [1] * Günther Weisenborn, German/Argentine writer (Illegals), dies at age 66. [1] * Marcus Welby M.D., a TV movie is shown on ABC-TV. [1] * Nuclear reactor Dodewaard in Netherlands goes into use. [1] * Soviet weather satellite Meteor 1 launched. [1] March 27 * Black Academy of Arts and Letters forms in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [1] * Launch of Mariner 7, flies 2,190 miles above southern Mars. [1] March 28

398

* Dwight D Eisenhower, 34th US President/General (WWII), dies in Washington DC at age 78. [1] [5] * Pope Paul VI names JGM Willebrands cardinal. [1] March 29 * Communist New People's Army is founded in Philippines. [1] March 30 * Lucien Bianchi; Belgian auto racer, dies at age 34. [1] April 1 * Helena Rubinstein, American cosmetic manufacturer, dies at about age 89. [1] * Royal Canadian Mint formally forms as a Crown Corporation. [1] * The Hawker Siddeley Harrier enters service with the British Royal Air Force. [5] April 2 * Fortunio Bonanova, actor (My Best Gal, Havana Rose), dies at age 74. [1] April 3 * Rex Evans, actor (Frankenstein meets the Wolfman, Zara), dies at age 65. [1] April 4 * Dr. Denton Cooley implants first temporary artificial heart. [1] [5] April 5 * Gabriel M-E-R Chevallier, French author (La Peur), dies at age 73. [1] * Rómulo Gallegos, Venezuela author/President (1947-48), dies at age 84. [1] April 7 * US Supreme Court strikes down laws prohibiting private possession of obscene material. [1] April 8 * Arthur Walter Kramer, composer, dies at age 78. [1] * Denton Cooley, received first fully-artificial heart, dies at age 48. [1]

399

April 9 * First flight of Concorde 002 (Filton-Bristol). [1] April 11 * Ludvig Irgens Jensen, composer, dies at age 74. [1] April 14 * 41st Academy Awards - Oliver, Cliff Robertson, and Katharine Hepburn/ Barbra Streisand win. [1] * Student Afro-American Society seized at Columbia College. [1] * Tornado strikes Dacca, East Pakistan, killing 540. [1] April 15 * North Korea shoots at US airplane above Japanese sea. [1] * Victoria von Battenberg, wife of Spanish king Alfonso, dies at age 81. [1] April 17 * Bernadette Devlin elected to British House of Commons. [1] * Czechoslovakia's Communist Party chairman Alexander Dubcek deposed. [1] * Sirhan Sirhan is convicted of assassinating Senator Robert F Kennedy. [1] * The Band (formerly The Hawks), perform their first concert. [1] April 18 * Melina Mercouri establishes Greek Aid Fund. [1] * Piotr F Scharoff, Russian/Italian actor/director (Chechov), dies at age 82. [1] April 19 * Casper Höweler, music critic, dies at age 71. [1] April 20 * 23rd Tony Awards: Great White Hope and 1776 win. [1] April 22 * First human eye transplant performed. [1] * Robin Knox-Johnston ends 312-day non-stop sailing. [1] April 23

400

* Krzystzof Komeda, composer, dies at age 37. [1] * Over 1000 square miles flooded in Shantung Province, China. [1] * Sirhan Sirhan sentenced to death for killing US Senator Robert Kennedy. [1] April 24 * Lebanese army in battle with Palestinians. [1] * Paul McCartney says there is no truth to the rumours he is dead. [1] * US B-52's drop 3,000 ton bombs at Cambodian boundary. [1] April 25 * 5,400th and last radio broadcast of Mrs Dale's Diary on BBC Radio. [1] * Margarita Xirgu, actress (Bloody Wedding), dies at age 80. [1] April 26 * George M! closes at Palace Theater in New York City after 435 performances. [1] April 27 * Dino Terranova, actor (Young Dillinger), dies at age 65. [1] April 28 * Charles de Gaulle resigns as President of France. [1] * Johannes Rontgen, composer, dies at age 70. [1] * King Crimson with Greg Lake and Ian McDonald debuts. [1] May 1 * Ella Logan, actress (52nd Street, Woman Chases Man), dies at age 56. [1] May 2 * British liner Queen Elizabeth II leaves England on its maiden voyage to New York. [1] [254.12] * Franz von Papen, German chancellor (1932), dies at age 89. [1] May 3 * Imre Vincze, composer, dies at age 42. [1] May 4

401

* F Osbert S Sitwell, English poet (Who Killed Cock Robin?), dies at age 76. [1] May 5 * Ben Alexander, actor (Frank Smith - Dragnet), dies at age 57. [1] * Pulitzer prize awarded to Norman Mailer (Armies of the Night). [1] May 7 * Lieutenant General Robert E Cushman, Jr, USMC, becomes deputy director of US Central Intelligence Agency. [1] May 8 * Cambodia recognizes German Democratic Republic. [1] * Pope Paul VI publishes constitution Sacra Ritum Congregation. [1] May 10 * Apollo 10 transmits first color pictures of Earth from space. [1] * US troops begin attack on Hill 937/Hamburger Hill, Vietnam. [1] May 11 * Monty Python comedy troupe forms. [1] May 12 * Kenneth H Wallis achieves record speed for an autogiro-179 KPH. [1] May 14 * Abortion and contraception legalized in Canada. [1] * Enid Bennett, silent film actress (Skippy, Hairpins), dies at age 75. [1] * Last Chevrolet Corvair car built. [1] May 15 * Associate Justice Abe Fortas resigns from US Supreme Court. [1] May 16 * Johnny Jordan, cameraman (You Only Live Twice), dies at age 44. [1] * Protesting students occupy Magden House, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [1] * US submarine Guitarro sinks at the pier at San Francisco Bay Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, California. [1]

402

* USSR performs nuclear Test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] * Soviet spaceprobe Venera 5 lands on Venus, returns data on atmosphere. [1] [5] May 17 * Joseph Beran, Czechoslovakian archbishop of Prague/cardinal, dies at age 80. [1] * Russian probe Venera 6 lands on Venus. [1] May 18 * Apollo 10 (Stafford/Cernan/Young) launched toward lunar orbit. [1] May 19 * Coleman Hawkins, US jazz musician/composer, dies. [1] May 20 * Fred Sherman, actor (Chain Lightning), dies after a stroke at age 64. [1] * Royal Beal, actor (Death of a Salesman), dies of cancer, at age 69. [1] * US troop capture Hill 937/Hamburger Hill Vietnam. [1] May 21 * Robert Kennedy's murderer Sirhan Sirhan sentenced to death. [1] May 22 * Stafford and Cernan pilot Apollo 10 LEM 9.4 miles (15km) above lunar surface. [1] May 23 * BBC orders 13 episodes of Monty Python's Flying Circus. [1] * Diane Aubrey, actress (Haunted Strangler), dies of heart attack at age 79. [1] * Jimmy McHugh, composer (Can't Give You Anything But Love), dies at age 74. [1] * Lauwerszee Dike in Holland closes. [1] * Peter Alma, painter/graphic artist, dies at age 83. [1] May 24 * Beatles' "Get Back" single goes #1 and stays #1 for five weeks. [1] * Mitzi Green, actress (Huckleberry Finn, Tom Sawyer), dies at age 48. [1] May 25 * Sudanese government is overthrown in a military coup. [1]

403

May 26 * Apollo 10 astronauts returned to Earth. [1] * Kathryn Minner, entertainer, dies of heart attack at age 77. [1] * The ABC TV network airs the first The Dick Cavett Show 60-minute discussion/variety TV show in the USA. [179.247] May 27 * Jeffrey Hunter, actor (Christopher Pike - Star Trek - "The Cage"), dies at age 43. [1] * Jerry Lewis Show second run, last airs on NBC-TV. [1] * Walt Disney World construction begins. [1] May 28 * Rhys Williams, actor (Nightmare, Okinawa, Corn is Green), dies at age 71. [1] May 29 * Britain's Trans-Arctic expedition makes first crossing of Arctic Sea ice. [1] May 30 * Gaston Brenta, composer, dies at age 66. [1] * Gibraltar adopts constitution. [1] * John Cipollini, guitarist, dies of emphysema at age 45. [1] * People revolt in Willemstad, Curaçao. [1] June 1 * Tobacco advertising is banned on Canadian radio and TV. [1] June 2 * Australian aircraft carrier Melbourne slices US destroyer. [1] June 5 * Race riot in Hartford, Connecticut, USA. [1] June 7 * Bob Dylan and Johnny Cash combine on a Grand Ole Opry TV special. [1] June 8

404

* In Santa Monica, California, and New York, New York, the 21st Annual Emmy Awards are presented, hosted by Bill Cosby (Los Angeles) and Merv Griffin (New York). o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Dramatic Series: Carl Betz for Judd for the Defense o Outstanding Single Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role: Paul Scofield for Male of the Species o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Don Adams for Get Smart o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Dramatic Series: Barbara Bain for Mission: Impossible o Outstanding Single Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role: Geraldine Page for The Thanksgiving Visitor o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Hope Lange for The Ghost & Mrs. Muir o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Series: Werner Klemperer for Hogan's Heroes o Outstanding Single Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role: Anna Calder-Marshall for Male of the Species o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Series: Susan Saint James for The Name of the Game o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Drama: David Greene for episode "The People Next Door" of CBS Playhouse o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Comedy, Variety or Music: Allan Blye, Bob Einstein, Murray Roman, Carl Gottlieb, Lorenzo Music, Steve Martin, Cecil Tuck, Paul Wayne, Cy Howard, and Mason Williams for The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Drama: J.P. Miller for episode "The People Next Door" of CBS Playhouse o Outstanding Variety or Musical Series: Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In o Outstanding Achievement in Musical Composition: John Williams for Heidi o Outstanding Individual Achievement in Music: Mort Lindsey for A Happening in Central Park o Outstanding Variety or Musical Program: The Bill Cosby Special o Outstanding Achievement in News Documentary Programming - Programs: Law and Order o Special Classification Achievements - Programs: Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom o Special Classification Achievements - Individuals (Variety Performances): Harvey Korman for The Carol Burnett Show and Arte Johnson for Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In o Outstanding Dramatic Program: Teacher, Teacher o Outstanding Achievement in Daytime Programming - Programs: The Dick Cavett Show o Outstanding Comedy Series: Get Smart. [206] * Robert Taylor, actor (Death Valley Days), dies at age 57. [1]

405

June 9 * Brian Jones quits the Rolling Stones. [1] * Warren Burger confirmed as US Chief Justice. [1] June 11 * John L Lewis, formed Congress of Industrial Organizations, dies at age 89. [1] June 13 * Mick Taylor leaves John Mayall Band and joins the Rolling Stones. [1] * T Smirnova discovers asteroid #2111 Tselina. [1] June 15 * The CBS TV network airs the first Hee Haw 60-minute variety TV show in the USA. [1] [179.420] June 16 * John Scott, rocker with the Pretenders, dies at age 25. [1] * US Supreme Court rules suspension of Adam Clayton Powell Jr from House. [1] June 19 * State troopers ordered to Cairo, Illinois, to quell racial disturbances. [1] June 20 * 150,000 attend Newport '69, Jimi Hendrix gets $120,000 to appear. [1] June 22 * Judy Garland, singer/actress, dies in London, England at age 47. [1] * in Cleveland, Ohio, USA, the Cuyahoga River catches fire, triggering a crack-down on pollution in the river. [5] June 23 * Stanley Andrews, actor (Old Ranger-Death Valley Days), dies at age 78. [1] * Warren E Burger sworn in as US Supreme Court Chief Justice. [1] June 27

406

* 50,000 attend Denver Pop Festival. [1] * Police raid the Stonewall Gay Bar in Greenwich Village, New York; about 400 to 1,000 patrons riot against police, lasting three days. [1] June 29 * First Jewish worship service at White House, Washington, DC. [1] June 30 * Spain cedes Ifni to Morocco. [1] July 1 * Charles Philip Arthur George invested as Prince of Wales. [1] * John Lennon and Yoko are hospitilized after a car crash. [1] July 2 * The International resort/casino opens in Las Vegas Boulevard, Nevada. With 1500 rooms, it is the world's largest hotel, with the world's largest casino, at 29,000 square feet. [187.420] July 3 * 78,000 attend Newport Jazz Festival, Newport, Rhode Island. [1] * Brian Jones of the Rolling Stones drowns to death at age 25. [1] July 4 * 140,000 attend Atlanta Pop Festival featuring Led Zeppelin and Janis Joplin. [1] July 5 * Rolling Stones play a free concert in London's Hyde Park. [1] * Tom Mboya, economics minister, assassinated in Narobi, Kenya. [1] * Walter Gropius, architect (found Bauhaus school of design), dies at age 86. [1] July 7 * Canada's House of Commons approves equality of French-English language. [1] July 8 * Thor Heyerdahl and reed raft Ra II land in Barbados 57 days from Morocco. [1] * US troop withdrawal begins in Vietnam. [1]

407

July 10 * Chilean Association of Librarians created. [1] July 13 * Russia launches unmanned Luna 15 to Moon. [1] July 14 * "Futbol War" between El Salvador and Honduras begins. [1] July 16 * Apollo 11 takes off from Kennedy Space Center with astronauts Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin Jr., and Michael Collins aboard. [1] [129] July 18 * Barbara Pepper, actress (Doris Ziffel - Green Acres), dies at age 57. [1] July 19 * Apollo 11 enters lunar orbit. [1] [129] * Mary Jo Kopechne dies at age 28, in Senator Ted Kennedy's car. [1] July 20 * Lunar module Eagle, manned by Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin separates from the command module of Apollo 11, and lands on the Moon 2.5 hours later. Armstrong radios Mission Control in Houston, Texas, "The Eagle has landed." [5] [129] * At 10:56 p.m. EDT, American astronaut Neil Armstrong, 240,000 miles from Earth, speaks these words to more than a billion people listening at home: "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." Stepping off the lunar landing module Eagle, Armstrong became the first human to walk on the surface of the moon. Edwin Aldrin joins him 11:11 p.m., and the two took photographs, planted a U.S. flag, ran scientific tests, and left a plaque that read: "Here men from the planet Earth first set foot on the moon - July 1969 A.D. - We came in peace for all mankind." [1] [129] July 21 * Russia's Luna 15 impacts moon after 52 lunar orbits. [1] July 22

408

* USSR launches Sputnik 50 and Molniya 1-12 communications satellite. [1] July 24 * Apollo 11 splashes down safely in the Pacific Ocean. [1] [5] [129] July 25 * 70,000 attend Seattle Pop Festival, Washington State. [1] July 26 * Sharon Sites Adams, age 39, becomes first lady to solo sail the Pacific Ocean. [1] July 27 * Pioneer 10 launched. [1] July 29 * Mariner 6 begins transmitting far-encounter photos of Mars. [1] July 31 * Mariner 6 flies past Mars. [1] * National Guard mobilizes in racial disturbances in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. [1] August 1 * 110,000 attend Atlantic City Pop Festival in New Jersey. [1] August 5 * Mariner 7 flies past Mars. [1] August 7 * Russ Morgan, orchestra leader (Welcome Aboard), dies at age 65. [1] August 9 * Sharon Tate, actress, killed by Charles Manson's gang. [1] August 14 * British troops intervenes militarily in Northern Ireland. [1]

409

August 15 * Woodstock Music and Art Fair opens in New York State (Max Yasgur's Dairy Farm). [1] August 22 * Hurricane Camille strikes U.S. Gulf Coast; kills 255. [1] August 30 * 120,000 attend Texas International Pop Festival. [1] * 25,000 attend second Annual Sky River Rock Festival, Tenino, Washington. [1] * Racial disturbances in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. [1] August 31 * 25,000 attend New Orleans Pop Festival. [1] September 1 * Drew Pearson, newscaster (Drew Pearson), dies at age 71. [1] * Libyan revolution, Colonel Moammar Gadhafi deposes King Idris. [1] September 3 * Ho Chi Minh, North Vietnamese president, dies. [1] September 5 * Mitchell Ayres, orchestra leader (Hollywood Palace), dies at age 58. [1] September 8 * Bud Collyer, TV emcee (Beat the Clock, To Tell the Truth), dies at age 61. [1] September 9 * Allegheny 853 collides with Piper Cherokee above Indiana, kills 82. [1] September 14 * The NBC TV network airs the first The Bill Cosby Show 30-minute comedy TV show in the USA. [179.118]

410

September 22 * The ABC TV network airs the first Love, American Style 30/60-minute anthology/comedy TV show in the USA. [179.582] September 23 * The ABC TV network airs the first Marcus Welby, M.D. 60-minute medical drama TV show in the USA. [179.619] * Northern Star starts rumor that Paul McCartney is dead. [1] September 24 * Trial of "Chicago 8" (protesters at Democratic National Convention) begins. [1] September 29 * Love American Style premieres on ABC. [1] October 1 * Guernsey and Jersey begin issuing their own postage stamps. [1] October 4 * United Nations starts issuing postage stamps at Geneva, Switzerland, headquarters. [1] October 5 * Monty Python's Flying Circus airs its first episode on the BBC. [5] October 8 * Eduardo Ciannelli, actor (Waldo-Johnny Staccato), dies at age 81. [1] October 11 * Soyuz 6 launched. [1] October 12 * Soyuz 7 is launched. [1] October 13

411

* Soyuz 8 is launched. [1] October 14 * Race riots in Springfield, Massachusetts. [1] October 15 * Vietnam Moratorium Day; millions in US nationwide protest the war. [1] October 16 * Soyuz 6 returns to Earth. [1] October 17 * Soyuz 7 returns to Earth. [1] October 18 * US Federal government bans use of cyclamates artificial sweetener. [1] * Soyuz 8 returns to Earth. [1] October 21 * Bloodless coup in Somalia (National Day). [1] October 27 * Ralph Nader sets up a consumer organization known as Nader's Raiders. [1] * Saint Vincent and the Grenadines gains associated status with Britain. [1] October 31 * Race riot in Jacksonville, Florida. [1] November 1 * The Beatles' "Abbey Road" album goes #1 and stays #1 for 11 weeks. [1] November 5 * Lloyd Corrigan, actor (Prof McKillup-Hank), dies at age 69. [1] November 8

412

* Kam Tong, actor (Have Gun Will Travel, Mr Garlund), dies at age 62. [1] November 10 * Sesame Street 60-minute children's educational program premieres on the NET TV network in the USA. [1] [129] [179.879] November 13 * US Vice President Spiro T Agnew accuses network TV news depths of bias and distortion. [1] November 14 * NASA launches Apollo 12, the second manned mission to the surface of the Moon. [1] [5] November 15 * 250,000 peacefully demonstrate in Washington DC against the Vietnam War. [1] * Janis Joplin accused of vulgar and indecent language in Tampa, Florida. [1] November 18 * Joseph P Kennedy dies in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, at age 81. [1] November 19 * Apollo 12's Conrad and Bean become third and fourth humans on the Moon. [1] November 24 * Apollo 12 returns to Earth. [1] November 25 * John Lennon returns his Member of the British Empire medal. [1] November 26 * Cream's final concert (Royal Albert Hall). [1] November 29 * The Beatles' "Come Together," single goes #1. [1]

413

December 1 * US government holds its first draft lottery since WWII. [1] December 2 * Boeing 747 jumbo jet first public preview (Seattle, Washington to New York City, New York). [1] * Kliment J Voroshilov, President of USSR (1953-60), dies. [1] December 3 * Ruth White, actress (Fugitive), dies of cancer at age 55. [1] December 4 * Alceo Toni, composer, dies at age 85. [1] * Fred Hampton, American Black-Panther leader, is murdered. [1] December 5 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] December 6 * 300,000 attend the Altamont, California, rock concert feature The Rolling Stones. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test. [1] December 7 * Eric Portman, actor (Naked Edge), dies from heart ailment at age 66. [1] * Hugh Williams, actor (Human Monster), dies after surgery at age 65. [1] December 8 * Greek DC-6B crashes in storm at Athens, Greece; 93 killed. [1] * Vincenzo Davico, composer, dies at age 80. [1] December 10 * Franco Capuana, composer, dies at age 75. [1] * Leigh Harline, composer, dies at age 62. [1] December 11 * Libya adopts constitution. [1]

414

December 12 * Bomb attack on bank in Milan, Italy, 14 killed. [1] December 13 * Raymond A Spruance, US admiral (battle of Midway), dies at age 83. [1] December 14 * Jackson Five make their first appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show. [1] December 16 * British House of Commons votes 343-185 abolishing the death penalty. [1] December 17 * 50 million TV viewers see singer Tiny Tim marry Miss Vicky, on The Tonight Show. [1] * Arturo da Costa e Silva, President of Brazil (1967-69), dies at age 67. [1] * USAF closes Project Blue Book, concluding no evidence of extraterrestrial spaceships behind thousands of UFO sightings. [1] December 18 * Coco opens at Mark Hellinger Theater in New York City for 333 performances. [1] * Britain abolishes death penalty. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] December 19 * The Beatle's seventh Christmas album is released. [1] December 20 * Peter, Paul and Mary's "Leaving on a Jet Plane" reaches #1. [1] December 21 * Diana Ross makes final TV appearance as a Supreme (The Ed Sullivan Show). [1] December 22 * Donald Foster, actor (Herbert Johnson-Hazel), dies at age 80. [1]

415

* Ilse Steppat, actress (Invisible Terror), dies at age 52. [1] * Josef von Sternberg, Austrian director (Shanghai Express), dies at age 75. [1] December 23 * Donald Foster actor (Scaramouche), dies after long illness at age 80. [1] December 25 * Five Israeli gunboats escape from Cherbourg harbor. [1] December 26 * Louise L de Vilmorin, French poet/author (History d'aimer), dies at age 67. [1] December 28 * Henry Oscar, actor (Saint in London), dies at age 78. [1] * Neil Simon's Last of the Red Hot Lovers premieres in New York City, New York. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] December 30 * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] December 31 * Congo-Brazzaville becomes People's republic, under Major Ngouabi. [1] * Salvatore Baccaloni, opera singer/actor (Full of Life), dies at age 69. [1]

416

1970 January 1 * Afro-American Historical Calendar Series Established. [1] * Neth Christian Workers Union (NCW) forms. [1] * Revised calendar for Western (RC) Church goes into effect. [1] January 2 * Piotr Rytel, composer, dies at age 85. [1] * US population is 205,052,174; Black population: 22,600,000 (11.1%). [1] January 3 * Mame closes at Winter Garden Theater New York City, New York after 1508 performances. [1] * Marxist government takes over in Congo. [1] January 4 * Beatles last recording session at EMI studios. [1] * Walter Cronkite ends hosting weekly documentary. [1] January 5 * 23,000 Belgian mine workers strike. [1] * Joseph A Yablonski, candidate for United Mine Workers president, murdered. [1] * Death of Max Born in Gottingen, Germany; Nobel Prize for Physics in 1954, professor of physics. [1] [37] * Roberto Gerhard, composer, dies at age 73. [1] * Soap Opera All My Children premieres on ABC. [1] January 7 * Farmers sue Max Yasgur for US$35,000 in damages caused by "Woodstock". [1] * Robert [Harriot] Barrat, actor (Bad Lands, Go West), dies at age 81. [1] January 8 * Jani Christou, composer, dies on 44th birthday. [1] January 9 * Constitution of Singapore enacted. [1]

417

January 10 * Pavel Ivanovich Belyayev, USSR cosmonaut (Voskhod II), dies at age 44. [1] January 12 * Biafran War ends, Biafra surrenders to Nigeria. [1] * Blanche Stuart Scott, American pilot, dies at age 84. [1] * Boeing 747 makes its maiden voyage. [1] January 15 * Republic Biafra disbands, joins Nigeria. [1] January 16 * Armijn Pane, Indonesian writer (Djinak-djinak merpati), dies at age 61. [1] * Colonel Kadhaffi becomes premier of Libya. [1] January 17 * Billy Stewart, singer ("I Do Love You"), dies in auto-accident at age 32. [1] * John M Burgess installed as bishop of Protestant Episcopals (Massachusetts). [1] January 18 * David O McKay, 9th Mormon president, dies at age 96. [1] January 19 * Albert Mähll, German writer, dies at age 76. [1] * Dutch bishop says he is in favor of married priest. [1] * Hal March, actor (Atomic Kit, Outrage, Yankee Pasha), dies at age 49. [1] * US President Richard Nixon nominates G Harrold Carswell to Supreme Court (fails). [1] January 22 * First commercial Boeing 747 flight (Pan Am), New York to London in 6.5 hours. [1] January 23 * US launches second generation weather satellite, ITOS 1. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] January 24

418

* James "Shep" Shepherd, rocker (Shep and Limelites), beaten to death. [1] January 25 * Eunice Hunton Carter, first black female District Attorney in New York, dies at age 70. [1] * Marie Benavente, actress (Paradise), dies at age 84. [1] * Robert Altman's film M*A*S*H premieres. [1] January 27 * Ed Ford, comedian (Can You Top This?), dies at age 72. [1] * American movie rating system modifies "M" rating to "PG". [1] January 28 * Lubomír Strougal succeeds Cernik as premier of Czechoslovakia. [1] January 29 * Basil H Liddell Hart, English military historian, dies at age 74. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakstan/Semipalatinsk. [1] January 30 * Malcolm Keen, English actor (Uncle Chris - Mama), dies at age 82. [1] January 31 * Slim Harpo [James Moore], rocker, dies at age 28. [1] February 1 * Blaz Arnic, composer, dies at age 69. [1] * Stalled commuter train rammed by express in Argentina, 139 die. [1] * West Germany and USSR sign gas contract. [1] February 2 * Bertrand Russell, philosopher, British Member of Parliament, dies in Merioneth at age 97. [1] * Jaroslav Vogel, composer, dies at age 76. [1] February 4

419

* US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] February 5 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] February 6 * Roscoe Karns, actor (Captain Shafer - Hennesey), dies at age 78. [1] February 7 * Hollywood Palace last airs on ABC TV. [1] February 10 * Dry powder avalanche moving at 120 mph smashes into youth hostel killing 40 Belgian, French, and German youths (Val d'Isere, France). [1] February 11 * 26.37 cm (10.38 inches) of rainfall, Mount Washington, New Hampshire (state 24hour record). [1] * Emil Abranyi, composer, dies at age 87. [1] * Japan becomes fourth nation to put a satellite (Osumi) in orbit. [1] February 12 * Andre Souris, composer, dies at age 79. [1] February 13 * Man-eating tiger is reported to have killed 48, 80 km from New Delhi, India. [1] February 15 * Dominican DC-9 crashes into sea at Santo Domingo, kills 102. [1] * Nationalists disrupt United Nations' session on Congo. [1] February 17 * Agnon [SJ Czaczkes], Hebrew writer (Nobel Prize 1966), dies at age 81. [1] * Alfred Newman, US composer, dies at age 69. [1] * Schmuel J Agnon, novelist (Nobel Prize 1966), dies. [1] February 18

420

* Desiderius A Stracke, Flemish Jesuit/literature historian, dies at age 94. [1] * US President Richard Nixon launches "Nixon-doctrine". [1] February 19 * Ralph Edward Flanders (Senator-Vermont), dies at age 89. [1] * USSR launches Sputnik 52 and Molniya 1-13 communications satellite. [1] February 20 * Albert Louis Wolff, composer, dies at age 86. [1] February 21 * Jackson Five make TV debut on American Bandstand. [1] * Pathet Lao conquers Xieng Khuang and Muong Suy in Laos. [1] February 23 * Guyana becomes a republic (National Day). [1] * Holy Eucharist given by women for first time in Roman Catholic service. [1] February 24 * 29 Swiss Army officers die in avalanche (Reckingen, Switzerland). [1] * Conrad Nagel, actor (Celebrity Time), dies at age 73. [1] February 25 * Mark Rothko, abstract expressionist (Green on Blue), dies at age 66. [1] February 26 * National Public Radio incorporates as a non-profit corporation. [5] * Ethel Leginska, composer, dies at age 83. [1] February 27 * New York Times (falsely) reports US army has ended domestic surveillance. [1] * Robert Bruce Lockhart, diplomat/writer, dies. [1] March 1 * Ed[uard] Hoornik, Dutch writer/poet (Na jaren), dies at age 59. [1] * End of US commercial whale hunting. [1]

421

* Kreisky's social-democrats win Austrian parliamentary election. [1] * White government of Rhodesia declares independence from Britain. [1] March 2 * American Airlines' first flight of a Boeing 747. [1] * US Supreme Court rules draft evaders can not be penalized after five years. [1] March 4 * French submarine Eurydice explodes. [1] March 5 * Nuclear non-proliferation treaty goes into effect. [1] March 6 * William Hopper, actor (Paul Drake - Perry Mason), dies at age 55. [1] March 11 * 12th Grammy Awards: "Aquarius", Crosby Stills and Nash, Peggy Lee win. [1] * Erle Stanley Gardner, US writer (Perry Mason), dies at age 80. [1] * Iraq Ba'th Party recognizes Kurd nation. [1] March 12 * US lowers voting age from 21 to 18. [1] March 13 * Digital Equipment Corp introduces PDP-11 minicomputer. [1] * Rick Besoyan, composer, dies at age 45. [1] March 14 * In Canada, Quebec is the first province to launch a legal lottery. The Inter Plus lottery offers a CDN$150,000 grand prize for $2 tickets. [40.19] March 15 * Expo '70 opens in Osaka, Japan. [1] * Gary Geld and Peter Udell's Purlie premieres at Broadway Theater in New York City for 689 performances. [1] * Josef Martin Bauer, writer, dies at age 68. [1]

422

* Tarjei Vesaas, Nowegian author/novelist/writer (Isslottet), dies at age 72. [1] March 16 * Arthur Adamov, Russian/French playwright, dies at age 61. [1] * New English Bible published. [1] * Tammi Terrell, singer ("Ain't No Mountain High Enough", "You're All I Need"), dies from brain tumor at age 23. [1] March 17 * Fernand Crommelynck, Belgian playwright (Chaud et Frois), dies at age 83. [1] * US casts their first United Nations Security Council veto (Support England). [1] March 18 * Cambodia military coup under General Lon Nol; prince Sihanuk flees. [1] * US Mail service paralyzed by first major postal strike. [1] March 19 * West German Chancellor Willy Brandt and East German Premier Willi Stoph meet. [1] March 21 * Marlen Haushofer, writer, dies at age 49. [1] March 23 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] March 24 * Dutch cartoonist Frans Piët ends "Sjors and Sjimmie" strip. [1] March 25 * Concorde makes its first supersonic flight (700 MPH/1,127 KPH). [1] March 26 * 500th nuclear explosion announced by the US since 1945. [1] March 27

423

* USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] March 28 * 1,086 die when 7.3 earthquake destroys 254 villages in Gediz, Turkey. [1] March 30 * TV soap opera Somerset premieres. [1] * Strouse, Adams, Comden and Green's musical Applause premieres at Palace Theater New York City for 900 performances. [1] March 31 * Semjon Timoshenko, Russian Marshal/Inspector-General (WWII), dies at age 75. [1] April 1 * US President Richard Nixon signs bill limiting cigarette advertisements on beginning January 1, 1971. [1] April 2 * The 52nd Annual New York Automobile Show is held in New York, USA. Chevrolet unveils the experimental transverse mid-engined XP-882 Corvette prototype. Ford shows its Pantera, and American Motors shows its AMX/3, both mid-engine prototypes. [8] * Two men begin ascent of south face of Annapurna I, the highest final stage in a wall climb in the world. [1] * Meghalaya becomes autonomous state within India's Assam state. [1] * Qatar gains independence from Britain. [1] April 4 * Byron Foulger, actor (Captain Nice, Petticoat Junction), dies at age 70. [1] April 5 * Jacob H "Jaap" Stotijn; oboist/conductor, dies at age 78. [1] April 7 * 42nd Academy Awards - Midnight Cowboy, John Wayne and Maggie Smith win. [1] * Josina Machel, wife of Mozambique's first President Samora Machel, dies. [1] April 8

424

* Marie V Felix, Prince of Luxemburg, dies. [1] * US Senate rejects President Richard Nixon's nomination of Carswell to Supreme Court. [1] April 9 * Paul McCartney announces official split of the Beatles. [1] April 11 * Apollo 13 launched to Moon; unable to land, returns in six days. [1] * Beatles' "Let It Be", single goes #1 and stays #1 for two weeks. [1] * John H O'Hara, American journalist (Pal Joey, Rage to Live), dies at age 65. [1] April 13 * Apollo 13 announces "Houston, we've got a problem!" as Beech-built oxygen tank explodes en route to Moon. [1] * Greek composer Mikis Theordorakis is freed. [1] * Oakland Athletics uses gold-colored bases during the club's home opener; Rules Committee subsequently bans this innovation. [1] April 15 * Libyan leader Qadhafi launches "Green Revolution". [1] April 16 * 70 die in an avalanche (France). [1] * Péter Veres, Hungarian minister of defense/writer, dies at age 73. [1] * Richard Josef Neutra, Austrian/American architect (Who Bought America?), dies at age 78. [1] April 17 * Apollo 13 limps back safely to Earth, Beech-built oxygen tank no help. [1] * Paul McCartney's first solo album "McCartney" is released. [1] * Sergei Aleksi, patriarch of Russian-Orthodox church, dies at age 92. [1] April 19 * 24th Tony Awards: Borstal Boy and Applause win. [1] April 20 * Bruno Kreisky becomes first socialist chancellor of Austria. [1]

425

April 22 * First Earth Day held internationally to conserve natural resources; largest single protest in American history. [1] [5] [248.45] April 23 * Herb Shriner, humorist/TV host (Herb Shriner Show), dies at age 51. [1] April 24 * Gambia becomes a republic within the Commonwealth. [1] * People's Rebublic of China launches its first satellite transmitting song "East is Red". [1] * Senegal adopts constitution. [1] April 25 * Anita Louise, actress (Gorilla, Anthony Adverse), dies at about age 55. [1] April 26 * Company opens at Alvin Theater in New York City for 690 performances. [1] * Gypsy Rose Lee [Rose Louise Hovick], stripper/actress (Pruitts of Southampton), dies from cancer at age 56. [1] * John Knittel, writer, dies at age 79. [1] April 27 * Arthur Shields, actor (Your Show Time), dies at age 73. [1] April 28 * Ed Begley, actor (Mr Koppel - Leave it to Larry), dies at age 69. [1] April 29 * 50,000 US and South Vietnamese troops invade Cambodia. [1] April 30 * Hall Johnson, composer, dies at age 82. [1] * Inger Stevens, actress (Katy-Farmer's Daughter), commits suicide at age 35. [1] * Jacob Presser, historian/writer (Doom, Ondergang), dies at age 71. [1] * US troops invade Cambodia. [1]

426

May 3 * Candelario Huizar, composer, dies at age 82. [1] May 4 * Premier Kosygin affirms existence Russian military advisors in Egypt. [1] * Pulitzer prize awarded to Erik H Erikson (Gandhi's Truth). [1] * US National Guard kills four at Kent State University in Ohio. [1] * Jeffrey Miller, one of protesting students at Kent State University, killed by Ohio National Guard. [1] * Sandy Scheuer, one of protesting students at Kent State University, killed by Ohio National Guard. [1] * Allison Krause, one of protesting students at Kent State University, killed by Ohio National Guard. [1] * William Schroeder, one of protesting students at Kent State University, killed by Ohio National Guard. [1] May 5 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada test Site. [1] May 6 * Yuchiro Miura of Japan skis down Mount Everest. [1] May 7 * Carlos Estrada, composer, dies at age 60. [1] May 8 * Construction workers break up an anti-war rally in New York City's Wall Street. [1] May 9 * 100,000s in the USA demonstrate against Vietnam War. [1] * Percy Brier, composer, dies at age 84. [1] * Walter Reuther, United Auto Workers' union leader/president (CIO), dies in a jet crash. [1] May 12 * Harry A Blackmun is confirmed as a justice on the US Supreme Court. [1] * Leonie "Nelly" Sachs, German/Swedish poet (Nobel Prize 1966), dies at age 78. [1]

427

* Race riots in Augusta, Georgia, USA; six blacks killed (5 by cops). [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * Wladyslaw Anders, Polish general (WWI, WWII), dies at age 78. [1] May 14 * Billie Burke, comedienne (Glinda - Wizard of Oz), dies at age 84. [1] * Police kill two students in racial disturbance (Jackson State University, Mississippi). [1] * Harry A Blackmun appointed to the US Supreme Court. [1] * British Royal Air Force leader Andreas Baader freed after serving two years in West Berlin. [1] May 15 * Beatles' last record, "Let It Be" is released in US. [1] * Elizabeth Hoisington and Anna Mae Mays named first female US generals. [1] * France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island. [1] May 17 * Nigel Martin Balchin, English author (My Executioner), dies at age 61. [1] * Thor Heyerdahl crosses the Atlantic on reed raft Ra. [1] May 20 * 100,000 march in New York supporting US policies in Vietnam. [1] * The Beatles' Let it Be movie premieres in United Kingdom. [1] May 21 * US National Guard mobilized to quell disturbances at Ohio State University. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya. [1] * Vinton Hayworth, actor (General Schaeffer - I Dream of Jeannie), dies at age 63. [1] May 22 * Arab terrorists kill nine children and three adults on a school bus. [1] * France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island. [1] * Joseph W Krutch, American writer (Measure of Man), dies at age 76. [1] May 23 * Grateful Dead's first perfomance outside of the US (England). [1] * Nydia Westman, actress (Going My Way, Young Mr Bobbins), dies at age 68. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test (underground). [1]

428

May 24 * Peter Queen quits rock music group Fleetwood Mac to join a religious cult. [1] May 27 * British expedition climbs south face of Annapurna I. [1] * Emmy van Lokhorst, author, dies at age 78. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] May 29 * John Gunther, author/host (John Gunther's High Road), dies at age 68. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test (underground). [1] May 31 * At 03:23 PM, Yungay, Peru levelled by 7.75 earthquake (50-70,000 die). [1] June 1 * Soyuz 9 launched into Earth orbit for 18 days. [1] June 4 * Menasha Skulnik, comedian (Menasha the Magnificent), dies at age 78. [1] * Tonga gains independence from Britain (National Day). [1] June 5 * Jay Irving, cartoonist (Draw Me a Laugh), dies at age 69. [1] June 7 * In Los Angeles, California, and New York, New York, the 22nd Annual Emmy Awards are presented, hosted by David Frost (Los Angeles) and Danny Thomas (New York). o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Dramatic Series: Robert Young for Marcus Welby, M.D. o Outstanding Single Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role: Peter Ustinov for A Storm in Summer o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: William Windom for My World and Welcome to It o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Dramatic Series: Susan Hampshire for The Forsyte Saga

429

o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Hope Lange for The Ghost & Mrs. Muir o Outstanding Single Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role: Patty Duke for My Sweet Charlie o Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in Comedy: Michael Constantine for Room 222 o Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in Drama: James Brolin for Marcus Welby, M.D. o Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in Comedy: Karen Valentine for Room 222 o Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in Drama: Gail Fisher for Mannix o Outstanding Achievement in Music Direction of a Variety, Musical or Dramatic Program: Peter Matz for episode "The Sound of Burt Bacharach" of The Kraft Music Hall o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Variety, Comedy or Music: Dwight Hemion for episode "The Sound of Burt Bacharach" of The Kraft Music Hall o Outstanding Achievement in Lighting Direction: Leard Davis, Ed S. Hill, Richard Scovel, and Clive Bassett for "Appalachian Autumn" of CBS Playhouse o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Drama: Paul Bogart for "Shadow Game" of CBS Playhouse o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Comedy, Variety or Music: Peter Bellwood, Gary Belkin, Herbert Sargent, Thomas Meehan, and Judith Viorst for Annie, the Women in the Life of a Man o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Drama: Richard Levinson and William Link for My Sweet Charlie o Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography for Entertainment Programming For a Series or a Single Program of a Series: Walter Strenge, for episode "Hello, Goodbye, Hello" of Marcus Welby, M.D. o Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography for News and Documentary Programming - Regularly Scheduled News Programs and Coverage of Special Events: Edward Winkle for the segment "Model Hippie" of The Huntley-Brinkley Report o Outstanding Achievement in Art Direction or Scenic Design - For a Dramatic Program or Feature Length Film, a Single Program of a Series or a Special Program: Jan Scott and Earl Carlson for "Shadow Game" of CBS Playhouse o Outstanding Achievement in Film Editing for Entertainment Programming - For a Series or a Single Program of a Series: Bill Mosher for episode "Sweet Smell of Failure" of Bracken's World o Outstanding Achievement in Film Editing for News and Documentary Programming - Regularly Scheduled News Programs and Coverage of Special Events: Michael C. Shugrue for the segment "High School Profile" of The Huntley-Brinkley Report o Outstanding Variety or Musical Program - Variety and Popular Music: Joseph Cates, Martin Charnin, and Anne Bancroft for Annie, the Women in the Life of a Man o Outstanding Variety or Musical Series: The David Frost Show

430

o Outstanding Achievement in Music Composition - For a Special Program: Pete Rugolo for The Challengers o Outstanding Achievement in Music Composition - For a Series or a Single Program of a Series (In Its First Year Only): Morton Stevens for episode "A Thousand Pardons -- You're Dead!" of Hawaii Five-O o Outstanding Achievement in Music, Lyrics and Special Material: Arnold Margolin and Charles Fox for Love, American Style o Outstanding Achievement in News Documentary Programming - Individuals: Frederick Wiseman for Hospital o Outstanding Achievement in News Documentary Programming - Programs: Hospital o Outstanding Dramatic Series: Marcus Welby, M.D. o Special Classification of Outstanding Program and Individual Achievement Programs: Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom o Outstanding Dramatic Program: A Storm in Summer o Outstanding Achievement in Children's Programming - Programs: Sesame Street o Outstanding Achievement in Daytime Programming - Programs: Today o Outstanding Comedy Series: My World and Welcome to It o Outstanding New Series: Room 222 o Outstanding Achievement in Choreography: Norman Maen for This Is Tom Jones o Outstanding Achievement in Sports Programming: Roone Arledge for ABC's Wide World of Sports o Outstanding Achievement in Children's Programming - Individuals: Joe Raposo and Jeff Moss for music and lyrics for "This Way To Sesame Street" of Sesame Street, and Jon Stone, Jeff Moss, Ray Sipherd, Jerry Juhl, Dan Wilcox, Dave Connell, Bruce Hart, Carole Hart, and Virginia Schone for episode "Sally Sees Sesame Street" of Sesame Street o Outstanding Achievement in Film Editing for Entertainment Programming - For a Special or Feature Length Program Made for Television: Edward M. Abroms for My Sweet Charlie. [212] June 9 * Harry A Blackmun becomes a Supreme Court Justice. [1] June 11 * Frank Laubach of Benton, Pennsylvania, taught reading through phonetics, dies. [1] * Frank Silvera, actor (High Chaparral), dies at age 55. [1] * US leaves Wheelus Air Force Base Libya. [1] June 13 * The Beatles' "Let It Be" album goes #1 and stays #1 for four weeks. [1]

431

* The Beatles' "Long and Winding Road" single goes Number 1 (last one for the group) and stays there for two weeks. [1] [5] June 16 * Race riots in Miami, Florida. [1] June 19 * A Nikolayev and V Sevastyanov return after 18 days in Soyuz 9. [1] June 20 * Baltimore Orioles' Brooks Robinson get his 2,000 career hit, a three run home run. [1] June 22 * US President Richard Nixon signs 26th amendment (voting age lowered to 18). [1] June 23 * Charles Rangel defeats Adam Clayton Powell in Democratic primary. [1] June 24 * US Senate votes overwhelmingly to repeal Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. [1] June 29 * US ends two month military offensive into Cambodia. [1] June 30 * T Smirnova discovers asteroid #2139 Makharadze. [1] July 2 * Jessie Street, Australian civil rights activist, dies. [1] July 3 * 200,000 attend Atlanta Pop Festival. [1] * California Angels' Clyde Wright no-hits Oakland Athletics, 8-0. [1] * L Chernykh discovers asteroid #3702. [1]

432

July 4 * 100 injured in race rioting in Asbury Park, New Jersey, USA. [1] * Chartered Dan-Air Comet plane crashes into mountains north of Barcelona, Spain killing 112 vacationing Britons. [1] * Harold Vanderbilt, America's Cup winner (1930, 1934, 1937), dies at age 85. [1] July 5 * Air Canada DC-8 crashes 7 miles from Toronto's airport killing 109. [1] July 7 * Louise Harrison, mother of The Beatles' George Harrison, dies. [1] * Marjorie Rambeau, actress (Primrose Path, Torch Song), dies at age 80. [1] * Sylvester Wiere, comedian (Wiere Brothers-Ford Festival), dies at age 60. [1] July 14 * Preston Foster, actor (Waterfront, Gunslinger), dies at age 69. [1] July 17 * 30,000 attend Randall's Island Rock Festival, New York City. [1] July 18 * Arthur Brown arrested for stripping on stage in Palemo, Sicily. [1] July 19 * Barry Wood, singer (Your Hit Parade), dies at age 61. [1] July 29 * Six days of race rioting in Hartford, Connecticut. [1] July 30 * 30,000 attend Powder Ridge Rock Festival, Middlefield, Connecticut, USA. [1] * Smirnova discover asteroid 1835 Gajdariya, 2032 Ethel and 2349 Kurchenko. [1] July 31 * Chet Huntley retires from NBC, ends Huntley-Brinkley Report. [1]

433

August 1 * EAA Convention moves from Rockford, Illinois to Oshkosh, Wisconsin. [1] August 3 * Hurricane "Celia" becomes most expensive Gulf storm in history. [1] August 7 * First computer chess tournament. [1] * Four, including presiding judge, killed in courthouse shootout in San Rafael, California (Police charge Angela Davis provided weapons). [1] August 9 * Peruvian Airlines jet carrying 45 US exchange students explodes. [1] August 14 * City University of New York inaugurates open admissions. [1] August 17 * Venera 7 is launched by USSR for soft landing on Venus. This is the first spacecraft to successfully transmit data from the surface of another planet. [1] [5] August 24 * Bomb kills one at University of Wisconsin's Army Math Research Center in Madison. [1] August 29 * Black Panthers confront police in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (one policeman killed). [1] August 30 * Del Moore, actor/announcer (Cal - Bachelor Father), dies at age 53. [1] September 2 * Allan Walker, actor/writer (Red Buttons Show), dies at age 64. [1] September 5

434

* Estimated 15 cm (6 inches) of rainfall, Bug Point, Utah (state record). [1] September 7 * Donald Boyles sets record for highest paracute jump from a bridge, by leaping off of the 1,053-foot Royal George Bridge in Colorado. [1] September 11 * The Ford Pinto automobile is introduced. [5] * Chester Morris, actor (Diagnosis: Unknown), dies at age 69. [1] September 12 * CBS airs the last The Jackie Gleason Show TV show. [179.485] * USSR launches Luna 16; returns samples from lunar Sea of Fertility. [1] September 13 * IBM announces System 370 computer. [1] September 15 * Decca awards Bing Crosby a second platinum disc for selling 300 million. [1] September 17 * The NBC TV network airs the first The Flip Wilson Show 60-minute comedy TV show in the USA. [179.333] September 18 * Jimi Hendrix, rock guitarist, dies at age 27 in London, England. [1] [5] September 19 * The CBS TV network airs the first The Mary Tyler Moore 30-minute comedy TV show in the USA. [1] [179.626] September 20 * Luna 16 lands on Moon's Mare Fecunditatis, drills core sample. [1] September 21

435

* Luna 16 leaves the Moon. [1] September 22 * US President Richard Nixon requests 1,000 new FBI agents for college campuses. [1] September 24 * First automated return of lunar sample by Luna 16. [1] September 28 * Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser dies of a heart attack at age 52. [1] September 29 * Edward Everett Horton, actor/narrator (Bulwinkle Show), dies at age 84. [1] October 4 * Herbert Schmidtz makes highest parachute jump from a tower by leaping from a 1,984-foot TV mast in Tulsa, Oklahoma. [1] * Janis Joplin, rock singer (Big Brother and the Holding Company - "Me and Bobby McGee"), dies at age 27. [1] October 5 * PBS becomes a television network in the USA. [5] * In Canada, Quebec seperatists kidnap British trade commissioner James Cross. [1] October 8 * Soviet author Alexander I Solzhenitsyn awarded Nobel Prize for Literature. [1] October 9 * Khmer Republic (Cambodia) declares independence. [1] October 10 * Fiji gains independence from Britain (National Day). [1] October 16 * Anwar Sadat elected president of Egypt, succeeding Gamal Abdel Nasser. [1]

436

October 21 * 777 Unification church couples wed in Korea. [1] * Caledonian Airways takes over British United Airways. [1] October 23 * Gary Gabelich sets auto speed record 622.4 mph (1,002 kph). [1] October 24 * Salvador Allende Gossens elected president of Chile. [1] October 26 * Doonesbury comic strip debuts in 28 newspapers. [1] October 28 * US/USSR sign an agreement to discuss joint space efforts. [1] November 1 * Discotheque in Grenoble, France, burns, all exits padlocked and 142 die. [1] November 3 * Salvador Allende inaugurated as President of Chile. [1] November 7 * Race riots in Daytona Beach, Florida. [1] November 9 * Charles DeGaulle, French President, dies at age 79. [1] [5] * Trial of Seattle 8 anti-war protesters begins. [1] * William L Dawson (Representative-Democrat-Illinois) dies at age 84. [1] November 10 * General Motors signs a deal with holders of the Wankel patents for US$50 million. (In 1972, two Corvette test cars will be built with two-rotor and four-rotor engines.) [8] * Luna 17, with unmanned self-propelled Lunokhod 1, is launched. [1]

437

November 13 * Cyclone kills estimated 300,000 in Chittagong, Bangladesh. [1] * Lieutenant General Hafez al-Assad becomes Prime Minister of Syria following military coup. [1] * US Vice President Spiro Agnew calls TV executives "impudent snobs". [1] November 17 * Russia lands Lunokhod 1 unmanned remote-controlled vehicle on Moon. [1] November 18 * Hal Dickinson, singer (Modernaires), dies at age 56. [1] November 19 * Golden Gate Park Conservatory becomes a California state historical landmark. [1] November 26 * B O Davis Sr, first American black general, dies at age 93 in Chicago, Illinois. [1] November 27 * Pope Paul VI wounded in chest during a visit to Philippines by a dagger-wielding Bolivian painter disguised as a priest. [1] December 1 * Independent People's Republic of South Yemen becomes the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen. [1] * Luis Echeverria Alvarez sworn in as President of México. [1] December 2 * Dora Paulen, German/Dutch cabaretière, dies at about age 72. [1] * American Environmental Protection Agency begins (Director: William Ruckelshaus). [1] December 3 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] December 4

438

* Unemployment in US increases to 5.8 percent. [1] December 6 * Thomas S Power, USAF-General (Raid on Tokyo-March 1945), dies at age 65. [1] December 7 * Rube Goldberg, Ameican cartoonist (Mike and Ike, Pulitzer 1948), dies at age 87. [1] [5] * West Germany and Poland normalize relations. [1] December 8 * Christopher K Ingold, English chemist, dies at age 77. [1] December 9 * Artem Mikoyan, Russian aircraft designer (MIG), dies at age 65. [1] * Dutch Antilles: Government of Petronia falls. [1] December 12 * Louis Zimmer Flem, clock maker (Jubelklok, Wonder Clock), dies at age 82. [1] * Polish government proclaims price rise. [1] * Small Astronomy Satellite Explorer 42 launched to study X-rays. [1] * USSR performs underground nuclear test. [1] December 15 * South Korean ferry Namyong-Ho sinks in Strait of Korea, 308 die. [1] * Soviet Venera 7 is first spacecraft to land on another planet (Venus). [1] December 16 * New Jersey State Lottery begins sale of 50-cent tickets in a weekly lottery on a drawn 6-digit number. This is a big improvement over monthly and higher cost lotteries of New Hampshire and New York. [86.57] [187.388] (1971 [39]) * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] December 17 * Gdansk, Poland shipworkers strike. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1]

439

December 18 * Me Nobody Knows opens at Helen Hayes Theater in New York City for 587 performances. [1] * Polish uprising fails. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] December 20 * Edward Gierek succeeds Wladyslaw Gomulka as Poland's party leader. [1] December 21 * The American F-14 Tomcat military jet first flies. [5] December 22 * SS Commander Franz Stangl of Treblinka is sentenced to life imprisonment. [1] December 23 * 7,511th performance of Agatha Christie's Mousetrap (record). [1] * Charlie Ruggles, actor (Ruggles, Aesop-Bullwinkle Show), dies at age 84. [1] * French author Régis Debray freed in Bolivia. [1] * New York World Trade Center reaches highest point (411 m). [1] * USSR performs nuclear test. [1] December 24 * Buena Vista releases the animated feature film The Aristocats to theatres. It cost US$4 million to make. It is Disney's first animated feature film completed without Walt Disney. [6] * Nine Jews are convicted in Leningrad, Russia, for hijacking a plane. [1] December 27 * Hello, Dolly! closes at Saint James Theater in New York City after 2,844 performances. [1] December 28 * L Mendel Rivers (Representative-Democrat-South Carolina), dies at age 65. [1] * Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) adopts constitution. [1] December 29

440

* John de Mol Dutch, accordionist, dies at age 58. [1] December 31 * US Congress authorizes the Eisenhower dollar coin. [1] * Cyril M Scott, English composer/author (Alchemist), dies at age 91. [1] * Paul McCartney files a lawsuit to dissolve the Beatles. [1] * President Allende nationalizes Chilean coal mines. [1]

441

1971 January 1 * Cigarette advertisements banned on TV in USA. [1] January 2 * A barrier collapses at Ibrox Park football ground at end of a soccer match in Glasgow, Scotland, killing 66. [1] January 4 * US Congressional Black Caucus organizes. [1] * Dr Melvin H Evans inaugurated as first elected Governor of Virgin Islands. [1] * Ohio agrees to pay US$675,000 to relatives of Kent State prison victims. [1] January 6 * Berkeley chemists announces first synthetic growth hormones. [1] * Cecil Partee elected president pro tem of Illinois state senate. [1] January 7 * -40 degrees F (-40 degrees C), Hawley Lake, Arizona (state record). [1] * Dick Kollmar, actor (Broadway Spotlight, Guess What), dies at age 60. [1] * Madame Spivy [LeVoe], actress (All Fall Down), dies at age 64. [1] January 8 * 29 pilot whales beach themselves and die at San Clemente Island, California. [1] * Adriano Lualdi, composer, dies at age 85. [1] * Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota established. [1] January 10 * Bollingen Prize for poetry awarded to Richard Wilbur. [1] * Gabrielle "Coco", Chanel French fashion designer, dies at age 87. [1] January 11 * First "Quickie" Divorce granted in United Kingdom. [1] January 12 * CBS TV premieres the All in the Family TV show in the USA. [1] [179.45]

442

* US Congressional Black Caucus organizes. [1] * US Federal grand jury indicts Reverand Philip Berrigan and five others, including a nun and two priests, on charges of plotting to kidnap Henry Kissinger. [1] January 13 * Bernard "Heinz" Lammerding, German SS-General/contractor (Tulle), dies at age 65. [1] * Henri Tomasi, French composer (Don Juan de Mañara), dies at age 69. [1] * Robert Still, composer, dies at age 60. [1] January 14 * Ethel Glenn Hier, composer, dies at age 82. [1] January 15 * Aswan Dam officially opens in Egypt. [1] * John Dall, actor (Corn is Green, Rope), dies of heart attack at age 50. [1] January 16 * Kermit Maynard, cowboy actor (Saturday Roundup), dies at age 68. [1] January 18 * Catherine Calvert, actress (Fires of Faith), dies of stroke at age 80. [1] * Ivan Koloff beats Bruno Sammartino in New York, to become WWF champ. [1] January 19 * No, No Nanette opens at 46th Steet Theater in New York City, New York for 861 performances. [1] January 20 * Gilbert M Anderson, actor (first Movie Cowboy), dies at age 88. [1] January 21 * Alias Smith and Jones premieres on ABC TV. [1] * Richard B Russell (Senator-Democrat-Georgia), dies at age 73. [1] January 23

443

* Prospect Creek Camp, Alaska, (north of Fairbanks) reaches a record low temperature of -80 degrees F. [1] [32.23] January 25 * Charles Manson and three women followers convicted of Tate-LaBianca murders. [1] * Himachal Pradesh becomes 18th Indian state. [1] * Military coup in Uganda under General Idi Amin Dada. [1] * US Philadelphia Mint's first trial strike of the Eisenhower dollar. [1] January 26 * Dutch second Chamber accepts law against limitation of war crimes. [1] January 31 * "My Sweet Lord" by George Harrison hit #1 on United Kingdom pop chart. [1] * Apollo 14 launched, first landing in lunar highlands. [1] February 2 * Idi Amin ousts Milton Obote to become dictator of Uganda. [1] February 3 * Jay C Flippen, actor (Ensign O'Toole), dies at age 72. [1] February 4 * British car maker Rolls Royce declares itself bankrupt. [1] * Government exhibit under construction collapses, kills 65 in Brazil. [1] * National Guard mobilized to quell rioting in Wilmington, North Carolina, USA. [1] February 5 * Apollo 14, third US manned Moon expedition, lands near Fra Mauro; Alan Shepard and Edward Mitchell walk on Moon for four hours. [1] [5] * Mátyás Rákosi; Hungarian premier (1952-56), dies at age 78. [1] February 6 * First time a golf ball is hit on the Moon (by Alan Shepard). [1] February 7 * Women win the right to vote in Switzerland. [1]

444

February 8 * Pedro Morales beats Ivan Koloff in New York, to become WWF wrestling champion. [1] * The Nasdaq stock market index debuts. [5] February 9 * Apollo 14 returns to Earth. [1] * Probably first gay theme TV episode - All in the Family. [1] * Earthquake in San Fernando Valley kills 65 and causes over US$500 million damage. [1] February 10 * American Mensa, Ltd incorporates in New York. [1] * Royal Albert Hall bans scheduled concert featuring Frank Zappa. [1] February 11 * US, United Kingdom, USSR, others sign Seabed Treaty outlawing nuclear weapons. [1] * Whitney Young Jr, National Urban League director, drowns in Nigeria. [1] February 12 * George Shelton, actor (It Pays to be Ignorant), dies at age 86. [1] * James Cash Penney, US founder (J C Penney), dies at age 95. [1] February 13 * 12,000 South Vietnamese troops cross into Laos. [1] February 14 * Movie Ben Hur first shown on television. [1] * US President Richard Nixon installs secret taping system in White House. [1] February 15 * After 1200 years Britain abandons 12-shilling system for decimal. [1] * Marian Viktorovich Koval, composer, dies at age 63. [1] February 17

445

* Teddy Hart, actor (Three Men on a Horse), dies at age 73. [1] February 20 * Major General Idi Amin Dada appoints himself President of Uganda. [1] * National Emergency Center erroneously orders US radio and TV stations to go off the air; the mistake isn't resolved for 30 minutes. [1] February 21 * Adolph Weiss, composer, dies at age 79. [1] * Series of tornadoes cuts through Mississippi and Louisiana killing 117. [1] February 22 * Barry Macollum, actor (On the Waterfront), dies at age 81. [1] * Lieutenant General Hafiz al-Assad becomes President of Syria. [1] * Matt McHugh, actor (Taxi, Freaks, Barbary Coast), dies at age 77. [1] * Rudolf Mauersberger, composer, dies at age 82. [1] February 23 * King Lockwood dies of stroke at age 73. [1] February 24 * Algeria nationalizes French oil companies. [1] February 25 * Oh! Calcutta! opens at Belasco Theater in New York City for 1,316 performances. [1] February 26 * Joseph Desire Fernandel, French actor/comedian (Death of Champion), dies of cancer at age 67. [1] * Tullio Carminati, actor (Roman Holiday, Moulin Rouge), dies at age 76. [1] March 1 * Bomb attack on the Capitol in Washington DC. [1] March 2 * Charles W Engelhard; US silver multi-millionaire, dies at age 54. [1]

446

March 3 * South African Broadcasting Corp lifts its ban on the Beatles. [1] * Winnie Mandela is sentenced to one year in jail in South Africa. [1] March 4 * "City Command" kidnaps four US military men at Ankara, Turkey. [1] March 5 * Winnie Lightner, actress (Gold Dust Gertie, Sit Tight), dies at age 71. [1] March 6 * Raymond Herreman, Flemish writer (Don't Forget to Live), dies at age 74. [1] March 7 * Egypt refuses to renew the Suez ceasefire. [1] March 8 * Harold Lloyd, US comic/actor (Why Worry), dies of cancer at age 77. [1] * Radio Hanoi broadcasts Jimi Hendrix's "Star Spangled Banner". [1] March 9 * Jean-Pierre Guezek, composer, dies at age 36. [1] March 10 * Mabel Wheeler Daniels, composer, dies at age 92. [1] * US Senate approves amendment lowering voting age to 18. [1] March 11 * Philo T Farnsworth, US TV pioneer, dies at age 64. [1] [5] * Roy Glenn dies in Los Angeles at age 56. [1] * Whitney M Young Jr, leader (National Urban League 1961-71), dies at age 49. [1] March 12 * Syrian premier Hafez Assad elected President. [1] * Turkish Government of Demirel forced to resign by Army. [1]

447

March 13 * Piero Coppola, composer, dies at age 82. [1] * Rockwell Kens, US artist/painter/illustrator, dies at age 88. [1] March 14 * South Vietnamese troops flee Laos. [1] * The Rolling Stones leave England for France to escape taxes. [1] March 15 * CBS TV announces it is dropping The Ed Sullivan Show. [1] March 16 * 13th Grammy Awards: "Bridge over Troubled Water", Carpenters win. [1] * Bebe Daniels, actress (Silver Dollar, My Past), dies at age 70. [1] * Thomas E Dewey, US Presidential candidate (Republican 1944, 1948), dies at age 68. [1] March 17 * Edward Henry of Morristown, New Jersey, is first person to win US$1 million in a State lottery. [86.57] * Ernst Bachmeister, writer, dies. [1] March 18 * 200 die in landslide into Lake Yanahuani, Chungar, Peru. [1] March 19 * Jan Greshoff, Dutch poet/author/journalist (Last Things), dies at age 82. [1] * Mary Dorna, Dutch author, dies at age 79. [1] March 21 * Vermont seasonal snowfall totals 132.2 inches. [1] March 22 * Martin Bodmer, writer, dies. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1]

448

March 23 * Armin Loos, composer, dies at age 67. [1] * Dutch second Chamber accepts simplified divorce. [1] * Simon Vestdijk, Dutch author/poet (Brass Garden), dies at age 72. [1] * USSR performs underground nuclear test. [1] March 25 * European council accepts Mansholt plan laying off five million farmers. [1] * Tom Jones' "She's a Lady" goes gold. [1] March 26 * Benny Hill Show tops TV ratings. [1] * Cannon with William Conrad premieres on CBS-TV. [1] * Bangladesh (East Pakistan) declares its independence. [1] March 28 * 25th Tony Awards: Sleuth and Company win. [1] * Felix Wolfes, composer, dies at age 78. [1] March 29 * First Lieutenant William L Calley Jr found guilty in My Lai (Vietnam) massacre. [1] * Chile President Salvadore Allende nationalizes banks/copper mines. [1] * Conrad Van Emde Boas becomes West Europe's first sexology professor. [1] * Development of a serum hepatitis vaccine for children announced. [1] March 30 * Selmer Jackson, actor (Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp), dies at age 82. [1] March 31 * Liselotte Liselot Beekmeyer, Dutch actress (Child Crying), dies at age 31. [1] * South Africa national debt hits US$5.45 billion. [1] * American William L Calley Jr sentenced to life for My Lai Massacre. [1] * From Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, NASA launches a rocket with Canadian ISIS-B satellite into space, to conduct twelve experiments studying the ionosphere. [1] [242.1] * In Quito, Ecuador, ousted General Luis Jacome Chavez leads a military revolt against President Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra. [242.1] April 1

449

* United Kingdom lifts all restrictions on gold ownership. [1] * In Manila, Philippines, a fire that started in a newspaper warehouse burns out of control for over seven hours, burning 15 blocks of the city, leaving 70,000 homeless. Damage estimated at US$330,000. [243.3] April 2 * Sci-fi soap opera Dark Shadows concludes an almost five year run. [1] April 3 * Joseph Valachi, US gangster, dies at age 66. [1] * Manfred Bonnington Lee [Ellery Queen], detective writer, dies at age 65. [1] April 4 * Follies opens at Winter Garden Theater in New York City for 524 performances. [1] * Marine clay under houses liquifies, 31 die (St-Jean-Vianney, Québec, Canada). [1] April 5 * Fran Phipps is first woman to reach North Pole. [1] * Mount Etna erupts in Sicily, Italy. [1] * US Lieutenant Wiliam Calley (My Lai Massacre) sentenced to life. [1] April 6 * Igor F Stravinsky, Russian composer (Le Sacre du Printemps), dies in New York at age 88. [1] April 7 * US President Richard Nixon orders Lieutenant Calley (My Lai) free. [1] * WCJB TV channel 20 in Gainesville Florida (ABC/NBC) begins broadcasting threejudge US Circuit Court of Appeals. [1] April 8 * First legal off-track betting system begins (OTB-New York). [1] April 14 * Armand Spitz, developer of small educational planetarium, dies. [1] * Fort Point, San Francisco dedicated as a national historic site. [1] * US President Richard Nixon ends blockade against People's Republic of China. [1]

450

* US Supreme Court upholds busing as means of achieving racial desegregation. [1] April 15 * 43rd Academy Awards - Patton, George C Scott and Glenda Jackson win. [1] April 16 * Mihály Váci, Hungarian poet/politician, dies at age 46. [1] April 17 * Egypt, Libya and Syria form federation (Federation of Arab Republics). [1] * People's Republic of Bangladesh forms, under sheik Mujib ur-Rahman. [1] * Roberto Lupi, composer, dies at age 62. [1] April 18 * Masao Oki, composer, dies at age 69. [1] April 19 * Charles Manson sentenced to life (Sharon Tate murder). [1] * Sierra Leone becomes a republic (National Day). [1] * USSR Salyut 1 launched; first manned lab in orbit. [1] April 20 * Cecil Parker, actor (Court Jester, Operation Snafu), dies at age 73. [1] * US Supreme Court upholds use of bussing to achieve racial desegregation. [1] April 21 * Edmund Lowe, actor (Front Page Detective), dies at age 81. [1] * François "Doc" Duvalier, dictator of Haiti, dies at age 64. [1] * Original Codex Reguis (with Edda-liederen) returns to Iceland. [1] April 23 * Columbia University operations virtually end, by student strike. [1] * Soyuz 10 launched; soft docks with Salyut 1. [1] * William Tubman, President of Liberia (1944-71), dies at age 76. [1] April 24 * Soyuz 10 returns to Earth. [1]

451

April 25 * About 200,000 anti-Vietnam War protesters march on Washington DC. [1] * Max Drischner, composer, dies at age 80. [1] * US canal rights in Nicaragua and rights to Corn Islands expire. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] April 26 * Heaviest rains ever in Bahia district of Brazil, 15 inches in 24 hours. [1] * San Francisco lightship replaced by automatic buoy. [1] * Turkey state of siege proclaimed. [1] April 29 * Boeing receives contract for Mariner 10, Mercury exploration. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] April 30 * Elmo Roper, pollster (Roper Poll), dies at age 70. [1] May 1 * Amtrak railroad begins operation in the USA. [1] * Edith Day, actress (Romance of Air), dies at age 75. [1] * Glenda Farrell, actress (Grand Slam, Exposed), dies at age 66. [1] May 3 * Erich Honecker succeeds Walter Ulbricht as East German party leader. [1] * National Public Radio begins programming; 112 NPR stations premiere All Things Considered. [1] * US federal administration arrests 13,000 anti-war protesters in three days. [1] * Pulitzer prize awarded to John Toland (Rising Sun). [1] May 4 * Donald Dexter Van Slyke, US chemist (Cyanosis), dies at age 88. [1] * Joseph Csaky, Hungarian/French sculptor, dies at age 83. [1] * Louis de Bree [Louis C Davids], Dutch actor (Bluejackets), dies at age 87. [1] May 5 * Alice Tissot, actress (Italian Straw Hat), dies of cancer at age 81. [1]

452

* Petro Scaglione, Italian procureur-general, killed by Mafia. [1] * Race riot in Brownsville section of Brooklyn (New York City). [1] May 6 * Helene Weigel, Austrian/German actress (Metropolis), dies at age 70. [1] May 7 * Willem Banning, Dutch theologist/sociologist (Karl Marx), dies at age 83. [1] May 9 * 23rd Emmy Awards: All in the Family, Jack Klugman and Jean Stapleton. [1] * Friends of Earth return 1500 non-returnable bottles to Schweppes. [1] * In Los Angeles, California, the 23rd Annual Emmy Awards are presented, hosted by Johnny Carson. o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Dramatic Series: Hal Holbrook for The Bold Ones: The Senator o Outstanding Single Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role: George C. Scott for "The Price" of ITV Saturday Night Theatre o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Jack Klugman for The Odd Couple o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Dramatic Series: Susan Hampshire for The First Churchills o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Jean Stapleton for All in the Family o Outstanding Single Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role: Lee Grant for The Neon Ceiling o Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in Comedy: Edward Asner for Mary Tyler Moore o Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in Drama: David Burns for "The Price" of ITV Saturday Night Theatre o Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in Comedy: Valerie Harper for Mary Tyler Moore o Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in Drama: Margaret Leighton for "Hamlet" of Hallmark Hall of Fame o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy: Jay Sandrich for episode "Toulouse Lautrec Is One Of My Favorite Artists" of Mary Tyler Moore o Outstanding Achievement in Technical Direction and Electronic Camerawork: Gordon Baird, Tom Ancell, Rick Bennewitz, Larry Bentley, and Jack Reader for The Andersonville Trial o Outstanding Achievement in Music Direction of a Variety, Musical or Dramatic Program: Dominic Frontiere for Swing Out, Sweet Land o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Variety or Music: Mark Warren for Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In

453

o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Drama - A Single Program: Fielder Cook for "The Price" of ITV Saturday Night Theatre o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Drama - A Single Program of a Series with Continuing Characters and/or Theme: Daryl Duke for episode "The Day the Lion Died" of The Bold Ones: The Senator o Outstanding Achievement in Lighting Direction: John Rook for "Hamlet" of Hallmark Hall of Fame o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy, Variety or Music: Sterling Johnson for Peggy Fleming at Sun Valley o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Drama - Original Teleplay: Tracy Keenan Wynn and Marvin Schwartz for Tribes o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Comedy, Variety or Music: Bob Ellison and Marty Farrell for Singer Presents Burt Bacharach o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Drama - Adaptation: Saul Levitt for The Andersonville Trial o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Comedy: James L. Brooks and Allan Burns for episode "Support Your Local Mother" of Mary Tyler Moore o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Variety or Music: Herbert Baker, Hal Goodman, Larry Klein, Bob Weiskopf, Bob Schiller, Norman Steinberg, and Flip Wilson for The Flip Wilson Show o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Drama: Joel Oliansky for episode "To Taste of Death But Once" of The Bold Ones: The Senator o Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography for News and Documentary Programming - Regularly Scheduled News Programs and Coverage of Special Events: Larry Travis for "Los Angeles Earthquake: Sylmar V.A. Hospital" of CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite o Outstanding Achievement in Art Direction or Scenic Design - For a Dramatic Program or Feature Length Film, a Single Program of a Series or a Special Program: Peter Roden for "Hamlet" of Hallmark Hall of Fame o Outstanding Achievement in Costume Design: Martin Baugh and David Walker for "Hamlet" of Hallmark Hall of Fame o Outstanding Achievement in Film Sound Mixing: Theodore Soderberg for Tribes o Outstanding Achievement in Live or Tape Sound Mixing: Henry Bird for "Hamlet" of Hallmark Hall of Fame o Outstanding Achievement in Film Editing for Entertainment Programming - For a Series or a Single Program of a Series: Michael Economou for episode "A Continual Roar of Musketry" of The Bold Ones: The Senator o Outstanding Achievement in Video Tape Editing: Marco Zappia for Hee Haw o Outstanding Achievement in Film Sound Editing: Don Hall, Jack Jackson, Bob Weatherford, and Dick Jensen for Tribes o Outstanding Single Program - Variety or Musical - Variety and Popular Music: Singer Presents Burt Bacharach o Outstanding Achievement in Music Composition - For a Special Program: Walter Scharf for episode "The Tragedy of The Red Salmon" of The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau o Outstanding Variety Series - Musical: The Flip Wilson Show

454

o Outstanding Achievement in Music Composition - For a Series or a Single Program of a Series (First Year of Music's Use Only): David Rose for episode "The Love Child" of Bonanza o Outstanding Single Program - Variety or Musical - Classicial Music: "Leopold Stokowski" of NET Festival o Outstanding Achievement in Cultural Documentary Programming - Programs: Robert Hughes for Arthur Penn, 1922-: Themes and Variants and Ronald Priessman for Making of 'Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid' o Special Classification of Outstanding Program and Individual Achievement Programs: Disneyland o Outstanding Series - Comedy: All in the Family o Outstanding Achievement in Children's Programming - Programs: Sesame Street o Special Classification of Outstanding Program and Individual Achievement Individuals: Harvey Korman for The Carol Burnett Show o Outstanding Achievement in Daytime Programming - Programs: Stuart Schulberg for Today o Outstanding New Series: All in the Family o Outstanding Series - Drama: The Bold Ones: The Senator o Outstanding Variety Series - Talk: The David Frost Show o Outstanding Achievement in Choreography: Ernie Flatt for The Carol Burnett Show o Outstanding Single Program - Drama or Comedy: The Andersonville Trial o Outstanding Achievement in Children's Programming - Individuals: Burr Tillstrom for Kukla, Fran and Ollie o Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography for Entertainment Programming For a Special or Feature Length Program Made for Television: Robert E. Collins for Peggy Fleming at Sun Valley [213] May 10 * Mihail Jora, composer, dies at age 79. [1] * Shukichi Mitsukuri, composer, dies at age 75. [1] May 13 * Grace Slick of Jefferson Airplane seriously injured in a car accident. [1] * Valerian Mikhaylovich Bogdanov-Berezovsky, composer, dies 67. [1] May 16 * Benjamin Britten's opera Owen Wingrave premieres in Aldwych Theater in London, England. [1] * Bulgaria adopts its constitution. [1] May 17

455

* Stephen Schwartz' musical Godspell premieres off-Broadway. [1] * Washington State bans sex discrimination. [1] May 18 * Bulgarian constitution goes into effect. [1] * US President Richard Nixon rejects the 60 demands of Congressional Black Caucus. [1] May 19 * Bernard Wagenaar, Netherlands/US composer, dies at age 76. [1] * Ogden Nash, poet/TV panelist (Masquerade Party), dies at age 68. [1] * USSR launches Mars 2, first spacecraft to crash land on Mars. [1] May 21 * Dennis King, actor (Devil's Brother), dies of heart ailment at age 73. [1] * National Guard mobilized to quell riot in Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA. [1] May 23 * Rock group Iron Butterfly disbands. [1] May 24 * A commuter bus plunges into Panamá Canal, killing 38 of 43 aboard. [1] May 25 * Mark Brunswick, composer, dies at age 69. [1] * Terence De Marney, actor (Case Thomas - Johnny Ringo), dies at age 62. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] May 26 * John Longden, actor (Man From Interpol), dies at age 70. [1] * Soviet Union's Concorde, TU-144, makes its first appearance. [1] May 27 * Chips Rafferty, actor (Kona Coast, Walk into Hell), dies at age 62. [1] May 28

456

* USSR Mars 3 launched, first spacecraft to soft land on Mars. [1] May 29 * Max Trapp, composer, dies at age 83. [1] May 30 * 36 hospitalized during Grateful Dead concert; after drinking LSD apple juice. [1] * Audie Murphy, WWII hero/actor (Sierra, Whispering Smiths), killed in plane crash at age 46. [1] * Marcel Dupré, French composer, dies at age 85. [1] * Rodd Redwing, actor (Buffalo Bill in Tomahawk Territory), dies at age 66. [1] * Train crash at Duivendrecht, Netherlands, five die. [1] * US Mariner 9 launched (first satellite to orbit Mars). [1] [5] May 31 * Massimo Campigli, Italian painter/illustrator, dies at age 75. [1] * Reinhold Niebuhr, US theologist, dies at age 78. [1] June 1 * Ed Sullivan's final TV show. [1] * Perth Observatory discovers asteroid #2167 Erin. [1] June 6 * Air West flight 706 collides with Navy Phantom jet over Los Angeles, 50 die. [1] * Soyuz 11 takes three cosmonauts to Salyut 1 space station. [1] [5] June 7 * Soviet Soyuz 11 crew completes first transfer to orbiting Salyut. [1] June 9 * Paul McCartney's album "Ram" goes gold. [1] June 10 * Eleven die in a train crash in Salem, Illinois. [1] * Michael Rennie, actor (Day the Earth Stood Still), dies at age 61. [1] June 12

457

* T Smirnova discovers asteroid #2216 Kerch. [1] * Tricia Nixon and Edward F Cox marry at White House. [1] June 13 * New York Times began publishing "The Pentagon Papers". [1] * Perth Observatory discovers asteroids #1806 Derice and #1978 Patrice. [1] June 15 * Vernon E Jordan Jr appointed executive director of National Urban League. [1] June 17 * At 11:13 AM, Disneyland welcomes its 100-millionth guest, Valerie Suldo of New Jersey. [6] * C U Cesco discovers asteroid #2399 Terradas. [1] June 19 * Mayor declares state of emergency in Columbus, Georgia, USA, for racial disturbance. [1] June 21 * 50,000 attend Celebration of Life rock concert, McCrea, Louisana. [1] June 24 * Kenneth Washington, actor (Sargeant Baker - Hogan's Heroes), dies at age 53. [1] June 28 * Joseph Colombo, mobster, shot dead at age 48. [1] * US Supreme Court overturns draft evasion conviction of Muhammad Ali. [1] * T Smirnova discovers asteroid #3093. [1] June 29 * Soyuz 11 docks with Salyut 1 for 22 days. [1] June 30 * Three cosmonauts die as Soyuz XI depressurizes during reentry. [1] * Ohio becomes the 38th state to approve of lowering the voting age to 18, thus ratifying 26th amendment. [1]

458

July 1 * Golden Gate Bridge paid for. [1] July 3 * Jim Morrison, rocker (The Doors), dies of heart failure in Paris, France. [1] July 5 * US 26th amendment certified (reduces voting age to 18). [1] July 6 * Louis "Satchmo" Armstrong, jazz musician ("Hello Dolly"), dies at age 70. [1] * White House Plumbers unit formed to plug news leaks. [1] July 11 * Carleton Young, actor (Court of Last Resorts), dies at age 64. [1] July 12 * Juan Corona indicted for 25 murders. [1] July 15 * US President Richard Nixon announces he would visit People's Republic of China. [1] July 17 * Cliff Edwards "Ukulele Ike", singer (54th Street Revue), dies at age 76. [1] July 19 * B Burnasheva discovers asteroid #2259 Sofievka. [1] July 23 * Van Heflin, actor (Great Adventure), dies at age 60. [1] July 26 * Apollo 15 launched to the Moon. [1]

459

* N Chernykh discovers asteroid #1836 Komarov. [1] July 28 * Diane Arbus, photographer, commits suicide at age 48. [1] July 30 * Japanese Boeing 727 collides with an F-86 fighter killing 162. [1] * US Apollo 15 lands on Mare Imbrium on the Moon. [1] July 31 * Apollo 15 astronauts first ride in a lunar rover. [5] August 1 * The CBS TV network airs the first The Sonny and Cher Show 60-minute variety TV show in the USA. [179.906] * George Harrison's concert for Bangladesh takes place in New York City. [1] August 3 * Paul McCartney announces the formation of his group Wings. [1] August 4 * US launches first satellite into lunar orbit from manned spacecraft. [1] August 7 * Apollo 15 returns to Earth. [1] August 14 * France explodes a 1-megaton nuclear bomb over Mururoa Atoll in the South Pacific. [250.1] * Bahrain proclaims independence after 110 years of British rule. [1] * British begin internment without trial in Northern Ireland. [1] August 15 * US President Richard Nixon's administration refuses to settle foreign debts in gold at $35 per ounce, dropping the gold standard, and allowing the dollar to float in foreign exchanges. The president also imposes a 10 percent duty increase on many imports, and a 90-day wage and price freeze. [1] [240.5]

460

August 17 * Horace McMahon, actor (Martin Kane Private Eye), dies at age 64. [1] August 20 * FBI begins covert investigation of journalist Daniel Schorr. [1] August 27 * Bennett Cerf (Random House)/panelist (What's My Line?), dies at age 73. [1] August 31 * The NBC TV network airs the last The Bill Cosby Show in the USA. [179.118] * Dave Scott becomes first person to drive a car on the Moon. [1] September 1 * Qatar declares independence from Britain. [1] September 3 * John Lennon leaves the United Kingdom for New York City, never to return. [1] * Qatar regains complete independence from Britain. [1] * Watergate team breaks into Daniel Ellsberg's doctor's office. [1] September 4 * Alaskan 727 crashes into Chilkoot Mountain, kills 109 (Alaska). [1] September 5 * The CBS TV network airs the last The Sonny and Cher Show 60-minute variety TV show in the USA. (The show resumes at the end of December.) [179.906] September 7 * Spring Byington, actress (Lily Ruskin-December Bride), dies at age 84. [1] September 8 * John F Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts opens in Washington DC. [1] September 9

461

* 1,000 convicts seize Attica, New York prison. [1] * Billy Gilbert, actor (Great Dictator, His Gal Friday), dies at age 76. [1] September 11 * Nikita Khrushchev dies of a heart attack at age 77. [1] * Percy Helton, actor (Homer - The Beverly Hillbillies), dies at age 77. [1] September 13 * Nine hostages and 28 prisoners die in take-over at Attica State Prison. [1] September 16 * Six Klansmen arrested in connection with bombing of 10 school buses. [1] September 20 * James Westerfield, actor (Travels of Jaime McPheeters), dies at age 59. [1] October 1 * The Magic Kingdom park at Walt Disney World Resort opens in Orlando, Florida. Similar to Disneyland, seven themed areas are Main Street, Adventureland, Bear Country, Fantasyland, Frontierland, Liberty Square, and Tomorrowland. Attendance on opening day is 10,000. First guest to enter the park is William Windsor, Jr. The day, a Friday, was chosen as the likely slowest day of the week and slowest time of the year for tourists in Florida. Organizers did not want a repeat of the mass crowds during the opening day of Disneyland. Cost of creating the theme park was US$400 million. [6] October 2 * Homing pigeon averages 133 KPH (record) in 1100-km Australian race. [1] October 12 * Gene Vincent, rocker, dies at age 36. [1] October 14 * Two killed in Memphis, Tennessee racial disturbances. [1] October 16 * Amphitheater in McLaren Park is dedicated in San Francisco, California. [1]

462

October 21 * US President Richard Nixon nominates Lewis F Powell and William H Rehnquist to US Supreme Court, following resignations of Justices Hugo Black and John Harlan. [1] October 24 * Harry Drake sets longest arrow flight by a footbow (1 mile 268 yards). [1] October 25 * Roy Disney dedicates Walt Disney World. [1] * United Nations General Assembly admits Mainland China and expels Taiwan. [1] October 27 * Republic of the Congo becomes Republic of Zaïre. [1] October 28 * England becomes sixth nation to have a satellite (Prospero) in orbit. [1] October 29 * Duane Allman dies at age 24 in a motorcycle accident. [1] November 1 * Eisenhower dollar coin put into circulation in US. [1] November 6 * The Atomic Energy Commission tests the largest U.S. underground hydrogen bomb code-named Cannikin - on Amchitka Island in the Aleutians. [5] November 13 * The American space probe Mariner 9 becomes the first spacecraft to orbit another planet, swinging into its planned trajectory around Mars without a hitch. [1] [5] November 17 * Gladys Cooper, actress (Margaret - The Rogues), dies at age 83. [1] November 23

463

* People's Republic of China seated in United Nations Security Council. [1] November 24 * Dan "DB" Cooper parachutes from a Northwest Airlines 727 with US$200,000. [1] * Prison rebellion at Rahway State Prison in New Jersey. [1] November 25 * Cargo ship Estia of Estia Cia. Nav. S.A. of Piraeus, Greece, sinks off coast of Somalia following an engine room explosion. [152.40] November 27 * Soviet Mars 2 becomes first spacecraft to crash land on Mars. [1] [5] November 28 * Wasfi Tal, Jordan's Prime Minister, assassinated in Cairo, Egypt. [1] December 1 * Arthur B Springarn, US NAACP chairman (1940-65), dies at age 93. [1] * People's Republic of South Yemen renames itself People's Democratic Republic of Yemen. [1] December 2 * Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujeira, Sharjah and Umm ak Qiwain form the United Arab Emirates. [1] * Soviet Mars 3 is first to soft land on Mars. [1] * Zayid bin Sultan Al Nuhayyan of Abu Dhabi becomes President of United Arab Emirates. [1] December 3 * US President Richard Nixon commutes Jimmy Hoffa's jail term. [1] December 4 * Shunryu Suzuki, Zen teacher, founder of San Francisco Zen Center, dies. [1] December 5 * Hugh Wakefield, actress (Blithe Spirit), dies. [1]

464

December 6 * Hugo Godron, composer, dies at age 71. [1] * Jan Altink, Dutch painter/co-founder (Plough), dies at age 86. [1] December 7 * Milton Rosmer, director (Murder in the Red Barn), dies at age 90. [1] December 9 * Lewis F Powell Jr appointed to the US Supreme Court. [1] * Ralph J Bunche, United Nations delegate/Nobel Prize winner, dies at age 67 in New York City, New York. [1] December 10 * Jozef Cals, Dutch Minister of Education/premier (1965-66), dies at age 57. [1] * West German union chancellor W Burns receives Nobel Prize of peace. [1] * William H Rehnquist confirmed as US Supreme Court justice. [1] December 12 * David Sarnoff, US TV pioneer (RCA), dies at age 80. [1] * Frank Wolff, actor (Erotic Illusion, Last Gun), suicide at age 43. [1] * Jack Barnhill, Northern Ireland senator, assassinated. [1] * John A Emmens, art historian/poet (Dog of Pavlov), dies at age 47. [1] December 13 * Buena Vista generally releases the film Bedknobs and Broomsticks to theaters in the US. [6] * John Sinclair, sentenced to 10 years for selling two marijuana joints, is freed. [1] * Max Mell, Austrian artillery officer/literary, dies at age 88. [1] December 14 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] December 15 * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] December 16

465

* Bangladesh (East Pakistan) declares independence from Pakistan. [1] * Don McLean's 8+ minute version of "American Pie" song is released. [1] December 17 * Film Diamonds are Forever premieres in theaters in the US. [1] * Cease-fire between India and Pakistan in Kashmir. [1] * Radio Bangladesh begins transmitting. [1] December 18 * Aleksandr T Tvardovski, Russian editor in chief (Novyj Mir), dies at age 61. [1] * Diana Lynn, actress (Annapolis Story, Easy Come Easy Go), dies at age 45. [1] December 19 * CBS airs Homecoming - A Christmas Story (introducing the Waltons). [1] * NASA launches Intelsat 4 F-3 for COMSAT Corp. [1] * Stanley Kubrick's X-rated film A Clockwork Orange premieres. [1] December 20 * Pakistan President Yahya Khan resigns. [1] * Roy Oliver Disney dies of a massive brain hemorrhage, at age 78. [6] December 21 * United Nations Security Council chooses Kurt Waldheim as fourth Secretary General. [1] December 22 * Godfried Jan Arnold Bomans, Dutch writer (Eric), dies at age 58. [1] * Renee Evans, entertainer, dies of heart attack at age 63. [1] * United Nations General Assembly ratifies Kurt Waldheim as Secretary-General. [1] * USSR performs underground nuclear test. [1] December 23 * Carlo Jachino, composer, dies at age 84. [1] December 24 * Peruvian Airlines Electra crashes at headwaters of Amazon, killing all except Juliane Margaret Koepcke (found 10 days later). [1]

466

December 25 * Byron Arnold, composer, dies at age 70. [1] * Worst hotel fire in history kills 163 at Taeyokale Hotel in Seoul, South Korea. [1] December 26 * Robert Lowery, actor (Circus Boy, Pistols 'n' Petticoats), dies at age 57. [1] December 28 * Maximilian Raoul Walter Steiner, composer, dies at age 83. [1] December 30 * Dorothy Comingore, actress (Citizen Kane), dies after illness at age 58. [1] * Jan Mul, composer, dies at age 60. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] December 31 * Lieutenant General Robert E Cushman, Jr, USMC, ends term as deputy director of US Central Intelligence Agency. [1] * Peter Deuel, actor (Gidget, Love on a Rooftop), commits suicide at age 31. [1]

467

1972 January 1 * Company closes at Alvin Theater in New York City, New York after 690 performances. [1] * Promises Promises closes at Shubert Theater in New York City, New York after 1281 performances. [1] * International Book Year begins. [1] * Jane Morgan, actress (Mrs Margaret Davis - Our Miss Brooks), dies at age 91. [1] * Kenneth Patchen, American poet/writer (Cloth of Tempest), dies at age 60. [1] * Maurice A Chevalier, French actor (Can Can, Gigi), dies at age 83. [1] [5] * People's Republic of China performs nuclear test at Lop Nor. [1] January 2 * Rothschilds closes at Lunt-Fontanne Theater in New York City, New York after 505 performances. [1] * Mariner 9 begins mapping Mars. [1] January 3 * Frans Masereel, Flemish WWII resistance fighter (Le Soleil), dies at age 82. [1] January 4 * Carl-Olof Anderberg, composer, dies at age 57. [1] January 5 * US President Richard Nixon signs a bill for NASA to begin research on manned shuttle. [1] * West-Pakistani sheik Mujib ur-Rahman freed. [1] January 6 * Vladimir Bukovski is exiled from USSR. [1] January 7 * Iberian Airlines plane crashes into 800-foot peak on island of Ibiza, 104 die. [1] * John Berryman, American poet (Imaginary Jew), dies. [1] * Lewis F Powell Jr becomes a US Supreme Court Justice. [1] * William Hubbs Rehnquist sworn in as US Supreme Court Justice. [1] January 8

468

* Dmitri Shostakovich's 15th Symphony premieres in Moscow. [1] * Kenneth Patchen, American writer (See You in the Morning), dies at age 60. [1] January 9 * Billionaire Howard Hughes says Clifford Irving's biography is a fake. [1] * Passenger ship Queen Elizabeth destroyed by fire. [1] * Ted Shawn, American dancer, dies at age 80. [1] January 10 * Al Goodman, Russian/US orchestra leader (NBC Comedy Hour), dies at age 81. [1] * Georg Rendl, Austrian miner/bee-keeper (Satan on Earth), dies at age 68. [1] * Sheik Mujib ur-Rahman arrives in Dacca, East-Pakistan. [1] * Sverre Jordan, composer, dies at age 82. [1] January 11 * Abu Sayeed Chudhury becomes president and sheik Mujib ur-Rahman premier. [1] * East-Pakistan becomes independent state of Bangladesh. [1] January 12 * Juneau, Alaska, reaches a record low temperature: -22 degrees F. [32.22] * Padraic Colum, Irish poet/writer/founder (Irish Review), dies at age 90. [1] January 14 * Sanford and Son starring Redd Foxx premieres on NBC TV. [1] * Frederik IX [Christiaan FFMKW], king of Denmark (1947-72), dies at age 72. [1] January 16 * Ross "David Seville" Bagdasarian, voice of Alvin and Chipmunks, dies at age 52. [1] January 17 * Rochelle Hudson, actress (That's My Boy, Curly Top), dies from pneumonia at age 55. [1] * Section of Memphis, Tennessee, Highway 51 South renamed Elvis Presley Boulevard. [1] January 18 * Rudolf Wittelsbach, composer, dies at age 69. [1]

469

January 21 * Assam's North East Frontier Agency becomes Arunachal Pradesh territory. [1] * Belgium government of Eyskens-Cools forms. [1] * Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura become separate states of Indian union. [1] January 22 * Emergency with Robert Fuller premieres on NBC TV. [1] January 23 * Bootlegger sells wood alcohol to wedding party-100 die-New Delhi, India. [1] * Entire population of Istanbul under 24 hour house arrest. [1] January 24 * Jerome Cowan, actor (Mr Dithers - Blondie), dies at age 74. [1] January 26 * Stewardess Vesna Vulovic survives 10,160m fall without parachute. [1] January 27 * Magnavox begins production of the Odyssey video game. The Odyssey is a primitive video game system, with no processors or integrated circuits. It plus into a home TV set, displaying a moving white block that can be bounced by rotating remote paddles. [9] * Mahalia Jackson, gospel singer ("He Got the Whole World"), dies at age 60. [1] * Richard Courant, German/US mathematician, dies at age 84. [1] January 28 * Adriaan B "Jaap" Wagemaker, Dutch sculptor, dies at age 66. [1] January 30 * Bloody Sunday: British soldiers shoot on catholics in Londonderry, 13 die. [1] * Karel Boleslav Jirak, composer, dies at age 81. [1] * Pakistan withdraws from the British Commonwealth. [1] January 31 * Bir Bikram Shah Deva Mahendra, king of Nepal (1955-72), dies at age 51. [1] * Birenda becomes leader of Nepal. [1]

470

* Howard Barlow, conductor (Voice of Firestone), dies at age 79. [1] * Istvan Szelenyi, composer, dies at age 67. [1] * Military coup ousts civilian government of Ghana. [1] * US launches HEOS A-2 for interplanetary observations (396/244,998). [1] February 1 * First scientific hand-held calculator (HP-35) introduced (US$395). [1] February 2 * Jessie Royce Landis, actress (North by Northwest), dies at age 67. [1] February 3 * John Litel, actor (Big Boss, Crime Doctor, My Buddy), dies at age 79. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] February 4 * 6th round of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks ends in Vienna, Austria. [1] February 5 * Marianne Moore, US poetess (Pulitzer 1951), dies at age 84. [1] * US airlines begin mandatory inspection of passengers and baggage. [1] February 6 * Julian H Steward, US anthropologist (South American), dies at age 70. [1] February 9 * British government declares state of emergency after month-long miners' strike. [1] February 10 * Ras al Khaima joins the United Arab Emirates. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] February 11 * Jan Wils, architect (Olympian Stadium, Amsterdam), dies at age 80. [1] February 13

471

* 1776 closes at 46th Steet Theater in New York City after 1,217 performances. [1] * Grease opens on Broadway. [1] February 14 * Lambertus "Bertus" van Lyre, composer/conductor (Dike), dies at age 65. [1] * Luna 20 (Russia) launched to orbit and soft landing on Moon. [1] February 15 * Dimitrios Papadopoulos becomes metropolitan of Imbros/Tenedos. [1] * Edgar P Snow, American author/journalist (Battle for Asia), dies at age 66. [1] * Jef [Josephus CF], last Dutch poet/Indonesian politician, dies at age 73. [1] * President Velasco Ibarra of Ecuador deposed for fourth time. [1] February 16 * German mass murderers "Three of Breda" freed. [1] February 17 * British Parliament votes to join European Common Market. [1] * Gavril Nikolayevich Popov, composer, dies at age 67. [1] * US President Richard Nixon leaves Washington DC for China. [1] * Shunryu Suzuki Roshi, founder (San Francisco Zen Center), half ashes buried. [1] February 18 * California Supreme Court abolishes death penalty. [1] * Giulio Andreotti sworn in as premier of Italy. [1] February 20 * Herbert Menges, composer, dies at age 69. [1] * Sicco Mansholt becomes chairman of European Committee. [1] * Walter Winchell, writer/actor (Dondi, Love and Hisses), dies at age 74. [1] February 21 * US President Richard Nixon becomes first US President to visit China. [1] February 22 * Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani becomes Amir and Prime Minister of Qatar. [1] * US President Richard Nixon meets with Chinese Premier Chou En-Lai in Beijing. [1] * Walter Sande, actor (Adventures of Tugboat Annie), dies at age 65. [1]

472

February 23 * Michael Taube, composer, dies at age 81. [1] February 26 * Slag heap dam collapses above Buffalo Creek, West Virginia, USA, kills 125. [1] * Tom Manders, Dutch cabaret artist (Dorus), dies at age 50. [1] February 27 * US President Richard Nixon and Chinese Premier Chou En-lai issue Shanghai Communique. [1] February 28 * US President Richard Nixon ends historic week-long visit to China. [1] February 29 * Jack Anderson discloses Dita Beard (ITT) memo indicating antitrust charges were dropped for US$400,000 contribution to Republican Party. [1] March 1 * Club of Rome publishes report Boundaries on the Growth. [1] * Victor Babin, composer, dies at age 63. [1] March 2 * Bill Lawrence, news anchor (ABC), dies at age 56. [1] * Jean-Bédel Bokassa appoints himself President for life of Central African Republic. [1] * Pioneer 10 launched for Jupiter flyby. [1] March 3 * Sculpted figures of Jefferson Davis, Robert E Lee, and Stonewall Jackson are completed at Stone Mountain, Georgia, USA. [1] March 4 * Last train run between Penrith to Keswick, United Kingdom. [1] * Libya and USSR sign cooperation treaty. [1]

473

March 5 * Greek composer Mikis Theodorakis leaves communist party. [1] * Nils Bjorkander, composer, dies at age 78. [1] March 6 * Keswick to Penrith railway officially closes. [1] March 8 * First airship flown over Britain in 20 years (Europa). [1] * First flight of the Goodyear blimp. [1] March 10 * General Lon Nol becomes President and prince Sirik Matak premier of Cambodia. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] March 11 * Fredric [William] Brown, sci-fi author (Martians Go Home), dies at age 65. [1] March 15 * Assassination attempt on Governor George Wallace of Alabama. [1] * Danish airliner hits mountain in Sheikdom of Oman killing 112. [1] * NASA selects three-part configuration for Space Shuttle. [1] March 18 * People's Rebublic of China performs nuclear test at Lop Nor. [1] March 19 * India and Bangladesh sign friendship treaty. [1] March 20 * Nineteen mountain climbers killed on Japan's Mount Fuji during an avalanche. [1] * Aad de Haas, Dutch religious painter/graphic artist, dies at age 51. [1] * Jan Engelman, Dutch poet/art critic (At the Front), dies at age 71. [1] * Marilyn Maxwell, actress (Grace - Bus Stop), dies at age 50. [1] * Sicco L. Mansholt succeeds Franco M. Malfatti as chairman of European Committee. [1]

474

March 21 * US Supreme Court rules states can't require one-year residency to vote. [1] March 22 * US Congress approves Equal Rights Amendment (never ratified). [1] March 23 * Evil Knievel breaks 93 bones after successfully clearing 35 cars. [1] March 24 * Great Britain imposes direct rule over Northern Ireland. [1] March 25 * America's album "America" goes #1. [1] March 27 * Maurits C Escher, Dutch lithograph carver (Praedestinatie), dies at age 73. [1] * Venera 8 launched to Venus. [1] March 28 * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] March 29 * Death of J Arthur Rank, first Baron Rank, industrialist/film magnate. [1] March 30 * Gabriel Heather, US news anchor, dies at age 81. [1] * North Vietnamese troops enter South Vietnam. [1] * Peter Whitney, actor (Rough Riders), dies at age 55. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] March 31 * Official Beatles Fan Club closes down. [1] April 1

475

* 30,000 attend Mar Y Sol rock concert, Vega Baja, Puerto Rico. [1] April 2 * 44th Academy Awards - French Connection, Gene Hackman and Jane Fonda win. [1] * Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin visits Cairo, Egypt. [1] April 3 * Ferde Ferdinand Rudolph von Grofé, composer (Grand Canyon Suite), dies at age 80. [1] April 4 * First electric power plant fueled by garbage begins operating. [1] * Adam Clayton Powell Jr (Representative-Democrat-New York), dies at age 63. [1] * Stefan Wolpe, German composer (Zeus and Elidco), dies at age 69. [1] April 5 * Brian Donlevy, actor (Steve - Dangerous Assignment), dies at age 73. [1] April 6 * Egypt drops diplomatic relations with Jordan. [1] * Heinrich Lübke, West Germany President (1959-69), dies at age 77. [1] April 7 * "Crazy" Joe Gallo, mobster, killed at his 43rd birthday party. [1] * Abeid Karume, Tanzanian sheik/President, murdered. [1] * Victor Wong, actor (Mission to Moscow, King Kong) dies at age 65. [1] April 9 * Sugar opens at Majestic Theater in New York City for 506 performances. [1] * USSR and Iraq sign friendship treaty. [1] April 10 * 7.0 earthquake kills one-fifth of population of Iranian province of Fars. [1] * US, USSR and 70 other nations agree to ban biological weapons. [1] April 11

476

* Benjamin L Hooks is named to the US Federal Communications Commission. [1] * USSR performs underground nuclear test. [1] April 12 * C W Ceram [Kurt Marek], German/US writer (first American), dies at age 57. [1] * Henri Potiron, composer, dies at age 89. [1] April 15 * Barbra Streisand, James Taylor, Carole King, and Quincy Jones perform at a benefit for George McGovern for President. [1] * Otto Brenner, German trade union leader, dies at age 64. [1] April 16 * Two giant pandas (Ling-Ling and Hsing-Hsing) arrive in the US, from China. [1] * Apollo 16 launched; 5th manned lunar landing (Decartes Highlands). [1] * Yasunari Kawabata, Japanese author (Nobel Prize 1968), dies at age 72. [1] April 17 * Revised Dutch constitution proclaimed. [1] April 19 * Adolf Bach, German philologist/sociologist, dies at age 82. [1] * Bangladesh becomes a member of the British Commonwealth. [1] * Hungary revises constitution. [1] * Micki Grant's musical Don't Bother Me, I Can't Cope opens at Playhouse theater in New York City for 1,065 performances. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] April 20 * Apollo 16'John s Young and Charles Duke land on Moon with Boeing Lunar Rover #2. [1] April 21 * Orbiting Astronomical Observatory 4 (Copernicus) launched. [1] April 22 * Apollo 16 astronauts John Young and Charles Duke explore the Moon. [1]

477

April 23 * 26th Tony Awards: Sticks and Bones and Two Gentlemen of Verona win. [1] April 25 * George Sanders, actor (Mr Freeze - Batman, Ivanhoe), dies at age 65. [1] * Hans-Werner Grosse glides 907.7 miles (1,461 km) in an AS-W-12. [1] April 26 * Margaret A R Bonds, US pianist/composer/arranger, dies at age 59. [1] April 27 * Apollo 16 returns to Earth. [1] * Kwame Nkrumah, President of Ghana, dies at age 62. [1] * Phil King, rocker (Blue Oyster Cult), shot in head at age 24 while gambling. [1] April 28 * The courts award the Kentucky Derby prize money to second place winner because the winner was given drugs before the race. [1] April 29 * Ntare V, deposed King of Burundi, killed in an abortive coup. [1] April 30 * Arthur Godfrey Time ends a 27-year run on radio. [1] * Gia Scala, actress (Garment Jungle, I Aim at the Stars), dies at age 38. [1] May 1 * Fernand Ansseau, Belgian operator (Orfeo), dies at age 82. [1] * North Vietnamese troops occupy Quang Tri Activities Committee. [1] * Pulitzer prize awarded to Wallace Stegner (Angle of Repose). [1] * Radio's Mutual Black Network premieres. [1] May 2 * Electrical fire in Sunshine Silver mine - 126 die (Kellogg, Idaho, USA). [1] * Hugo Hartung, writer, dies at age 69. [1] * J Edgar Hoover, head of US FBI (1924-72), dies at age 77. [1] [5]

478

* Lieutenant General Vernon A Walters becomes deputy director of US Central Intelligence Agency. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] May 3 * Bruce Cabot, actor (Diamonds are Forever), dies at age 68. [1] * Les Harvey, rocker, dies. [1] May 4 * Vietcong forms revolutionary government in Quang Tri, South Vietnam. [1] May 5 * Alitalia DC-8 crashes west of Palermo, Sicily, killing 115. [1] * Reverend Gary David, vocalist, dies at age 76. [1] May 6 * In Los Angeles, California, the 24rd Annual Emmy Awards are presented, hosted by Johnny Carson. o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Dramatic Series: Peter Falk for the "Columbo" series of The NBC Mystery Movie o Outstanding Single Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role: Keith Michell for "Catherine Howard" of The Six Wives of Henry VIII o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Carroll O'Connor for All in the Family o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Dramatic Series: Glenda Jackson for Elizabeth R o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Jean Stapleton for All in the Family o Outstanding Single Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role: Glenda Jackson for episode "The Shadow In The Sun" of Elizabeth R o Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in Comedy: Edward Asner for Mary Tyler Moore o Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in Drama: Jack Warden for Brian's Song o Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in Comedy: Sally Struthers for All in the Family and Valerie Harper for Mary Tyler Moore o Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in Drama: Jenny Agutter for Snow Goose o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy: John Rich for episode "Sammy's Visit" of All in the Family o Outstanding Achievement in Music Direction of a Variety, Musical or Dramatic Program: Elliot Lawrence for 'S Wonderful, 'S Marvelous, 'S Gershwin

479

o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Variety or Music: Art Fisher for The Sonny and Cher Comedy Hour o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Drama - A Single Program: Tom Gries for The Glass House o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Drama - A Single Program of a Series with Continuing Characters and/or Theme: Alexander Singer for episode "The Invasion of Kevin Ireland" of The Bold Ones: The Lawyers o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy, Variety or Music: Walter C. Miller and Martin Charnin for 'S Wonderful, 'S Marvelous, 'S Gershwin o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Drama - Original Teleplay: Allan Sloane for To All My Friends on Shore o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Comedy, Variety or Music: Anne Howard Bailey for The Trial of Mary Lincoln o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Drama - Adaptation: William Blinn for Brian's Song o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Comedy: Burt Styler for episode "Edith's Problem" of All in the Family o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Variety or Music: Don Hinkley, Stan Hart, Larry Siegel, Roger Beatty, Heywood Kling, Art Baer, Ben Joelson, Stan Burns, Mike Marmer, and Arnie Rosen for The Carol Burnett Show o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Drama: Columbo: Richard Levinson and William Link for Death Lends a Hand o Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography for Entertainment Programming For a Series or a Single Program of a Series: Lloyd Ahern for Columbo: Blueprint for Murder o Outstanding Achievement in Costume Design: Elizabeth Waller for episode "The Lion's Cub" of Elizabeth R o Outstanding Achievement in Live or Tape Sound Mixing: Norman Dewes for episode "The Elevator Story" of All in the Family o Outstanding Achievement in Film Editing for Entertainment Programming - For a Series or a Single Program of a Series: Edward M. Abroms for Columbo: Death Lends a Hand o Outstanding Achievement in Film Sound Editing: Jerry Christian, James Troutman, Ronald LaVine, Sid Lubow, Richard Raderman, Dale Johnston, Sam Caylor, John Stacy, and Jack Kirschner for Duel o Outstanding Single Program - Variety or Musical - Variety and Popular Music: Joseph Cates, Martin Charnin, and Jack Lemmon for 'S Wonderful, 'S Marvelous, 'S Gershwin o Outstanding Achievement in Music Composition - For a Special Program: John Williams for Jane Eyre o Outstanding Variety Series - Musical: The Carol Burnett Show o Outstanding Achievement in Music Composition - For a Series or a Single Program of a Series: Pete Rugolo for episode "In Defense of Ellen McKay" of The Bold Ones: The Lawyers o Outstanding Achievement by a Performer in Music or Variety: Harvey Korman for The Carol Burnett Show

480

o Outstanding Single Program - Variety or Musical - Classical Music: Bernstein on Beethoven: A Celebration in Vienna o Outstanding Achievement in Music, Lyrics and Special Material: Ray Charles for episode "The Funny Side of Marriage" of The Funny Side o Outstanding Series - Comedy: All in the Family o Outstanding Achievement in Children's Programming - Programs: Sesame Street o Outstanding New Series: Elizabeth R o Outstanding Series - Drama: Elizabeth R o Outstanding Variety Series - Talk: The Dick Cavett Show o Special Classification of Outstanding Program and Individual Achievement Docu-Drama: The Search for the Nile o Outstanding Achievement in Daytime Drama - Programs: The Doctors o Outstanding Single Program - Drama or Comedy: Brian's Song o Outstanding Achievement in Art Direction or Scenic Design - For a Dramatic Program or Feature Length Film Made for Television, a Single Program of a Series or a Special Program: Jan Scott for The Scarecrow. [214] May 8 * Sabena aircraft at Lod International airport, Tel Aviv, Israel, captured by Palestinians. [1] May 10 * Overloaded South Korean bus plunges into reservoir, killing 77. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] May 11 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] May 13 * 115 die in nightclub atop seven-story Sennichi department store (Osaka, Japan). [1] * Dan Blocker, actor (Hoss - Bonanza), dies following surgery at age 41. [1] May 14 * 24th Emmy Awards: All in the Family, Carrol O'Conner and Jean Stapleton. [1] May 15 * Bus plunges into Nile River killing 50 pilgrims (Minia, Egypt). [1] * George Wallace is shot and left paralyzed by Arthur Bremer in Laurel, Maryland, USA. [1]

481

* Nigel Green, actor (Skull, Tobruk, Ipcress File), dies at age 47. [1] * Ryukyu Island and Daito Island are returned to Japan after 27 years of US control. [1] May 16 * Maxime Dumoulin, composer, dies at age 79. [1] May 17 * Netherlands and People's Republic of China exchange ambassadors. [1] May 18 * Me and The Chimp last airs on CBS-TV. [1] * Eero Aukusti Sipila, composer, dies at age 53. [1] May 19 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] May 20 * Cornelis J van der Klauw, Dutch biologist/zoologist, dies at age 78. [1] * Republic of Cameroon declared as constitution is ratified. [1] * Walter Winchell, columnist/narrator (Untouchables), dies at age 75. [1] May 22 * Ceylon becomes Republic of Sri Lanka as its constitution is ratified. [1] * Margaret Rutherford, English actress (Murder Ahoy, VIP's), dies at age 80. [1] * Ton Sijbrands becomes world checker champion. [1] * US President Richard Nixon begins visit to Moscow, Russia. [1] May 24 * Asta Nielsen, actress (Joyless Street), dies at age 88. [1] * Gavin Muir, actor (Hollister - Betty Hutton Show), dies at age 64. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] May 25 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] May 26

482

* US President Richard Nixon and Soviet Leader Leonid Brezhnev signs SALT accord. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] May 27 * Applause closes at Palace Theater in New York City after 900 performances. [1] May 28 * Edward VIII, King of Great Britain/Northern Ireland/emperor (India 1936), dies at age 77. [1] * White House "plumbers" break into Democratic National headquarters at Watergate. [1] May 30 * Three Japanese PFL terrorists kill 24, wound 72 at Tel Aviv's Lod International Airport, Israel. [1] * Margaret Ruthven Lang, composer, dies at age 104. [1] June 4 * Angela Davis, black activist, acquitted of killing a white guard. [1] June 5 * United Nations Conference on the Human Environment opens in Stockholm, Sweden. [1] June 6 * Explosion at world's largest coal mine kills 427 (Wankie, Rhodesia). [1] * Gold hits record US$60 an ounce in London, England. [1] June 7 * German Chancellor Willy Brandt visits Israel. [1] June 8 * N Chernykh discovers asteroid #3230. [1] June 9 * 14 inches of rain in six hours burst Rapid City, South Dakota dam, drowns 200. [1]

483

* Bruce Springsteen signs a record deal with Columbia. [1] June 12 * Saul David Alinsky, radical writer (John L Lewis), dies at age 63. [1] June 13 * Clyde McPhatter, singer of the drifters, dies of a heart attack. [1] * T Smirnova discovers asteroid #2604. [1] June 15 * Rock fall inside Vierzy Tunnel (France) causes two-train crash; 107 die. [1] June 17 * The Main Street Electrical Parade premieres at Disneyland. The vehicles feature 500,000 sparkling lights, and 500 miles of wiring. [6] * Five arrested for burglarizing US Democratic Party headquarters at Watergate. [1] June 18 * BEA Trident crashes after takeoff from Heathrow airport in England, killing 118. [1] June 23 * Elton Britt, country singer (Saturday Night Jamboree), dies at age 54. [1] * Hurricane Agnes is costliest natural disaster in American history. [1] * US President Richard Nixon and Chief of Staff Harry Haldeman agree to use Central Intelligence Agency to cover up Watergate. [1] * US President Richard Nixon signs act barring sex discrimination in college sports. [1] June 24 * Song "I Am Woman" by Helen Reddy is released. [247.43] June 29 * US Supreme Court rules death penalty usually was "cruel and unusual punishment". [1] * USSR launches Prognoz 2 into earth orbit (549/200,000 km). [1] July 1

484

* Ms. magazine begins publishing. [1] July 6 * Brandon De Wilde, actor (Jamie), dies at age 30 in a car crash. [1] July 10 * Democratic convention opens in Miami Beach, Florida (McGovern). [1] * Herd of stampeding elephants kills 24, Chandka Forest, India. [1] July 13 * C Torres discovers asteroid #3050 Carrera. [1] * T Smirnova discovers asteroid #2112 Ulyanov. [1] July 14 * L Zhuravleva discovers asteroids #1959 Karbyshev and #2423 Ibarruri. [1] July 17 * First two women begin training as FBI agents at Quantico. [1] July 18 * 200,000 attend Mount Pocono rock festival in Pennsylvania. [1] July 21 * Two passenger trains collide head-on killing 76 (Seville, Spain). [1] * In New York, 57 murders occur in 24 hours. [1] * Jigme Dori Wangchuck, king of Bhutan, dies. [1] July 22 * 27.53 cm (10.84 inches) of rainfall, Fort Ripley, Minnesota (state 24-hour record). [1] * Sweden and the European Economic Community make a free trade agreement. [7] * Venera 8 makes soft landing on Venus. [1] July 23 * First Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS) is launched. [1] July 24

485

* Bobby Ramirez, drummer (White Trash), killed at age 23 in bar brawl. [1] * Jigme Singye Wangchuk becomes king of Bhutan at age 16. [1] July 25 * US health officials concede blacks were used as guinea pigs in 40-year syphilis experiment. [1] July 31 * Thomas Eagleton withdraws as Democratic Vice Presidential candidate. [1] August 1 * First article exposing Watergate scandal (Bernstein-Woodward). [1] August 2 * Brian Cole, rocker with The Association, dies of heroin overdose at age 28. [1] * Gold hits record US$70 an ounce in London, England. [1] August 5 * Frederic Tozere, actor (Mr Phillips - Stanley), dies at age 71. [1] August 7 * Joi Lansing, actress (Bob Cummings Show), dies at age 44 of cancer. [1] August 9 * Bill Berns, commentator (Television Screen Magazine), dies at age 53. [1] * Rockwell receives NASA contract to construct the Space Shuttle. [1] August 11 * "Cheech and Chong Day" in San Antonio, Texas, USA. [1] August 12 * Last American combat ground troops leave Vietnam. [1] August 14 * East German Aeroflot Illyushin 62 crashes near Moscow, Russia, killing 156. [1]

486

* Jules Romains, French novelist, dies at age 86. [1] * Oscar Levant, actor (American in Paris, Dance of Life), dies at age 65. [1] August 21 * First hot air balloon flight over the Alps. [1] * US orbiting astronomy observatory Copernicus launched. [1] August 23 * Republican convention (Miami Beach, Florida) renominates Vice President Spiro Agnew but not unanimous - one vote given to NBC newsman David Brinkley. [1] September 1 * Bobby Fischer (US) defeats Boris Spassky (USSR) for world chess title. [1] September 5 * Eleven Israeli athletes are slain at Munich Olympics, Germany. [1] * Chemical spill with fog sickens hundreds in Meuse Valley, Belgium. [1] September 11 * Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) in San Francisco, California begins service with a 26-mile (42-km) line from Oakland to Fremont. [1] [5] September 12 * William Boyd, cowboy (Hopalong Cassidy), dies at age 77. [1] September 14 * The Waltons TV program premieres. [1] September 16 * CBS premieres The Bob Newhart Show 30-minute comedy TV show. [179.130] * First TV series about mixed marriage - Bridgit Loves Bernie. [1] September 17 * M*A*S*H premieres on TV. [1] September 21

487

* Ferdinand Marcos declares martial law in the Philippines. [1] September 23 * Carl Frank, actor (Uncle Gunnar - Mama), dies at age 63. [1] September 24 * Antique F86 Sabrejet fails to takeoff at air show, kills 22. [1] September 26 * American Museum of Immigration dedicated. [1] * Charles Correll, actor (Calvin and the Colonel), dies at age 82. [1] September 27 * Rory Storm, lead singer of Rory Storm and Hurricane, commits suicide. [1] September 28 * Japan and Communist China agree to re-establish diplomatic relations. [1] September 30 * Passenger train derails killing 48 (Rust Stasie, South Africa). [1] October 1 * Louis Leakey, anthropologist, dies at age 68. [1] October 2 * Aeroflot Il-18 crashes near Black Sea resort of Sochi, kills 105. [1] October 3 * Spaceflight 71-2 launched; first flexible substrate photovoltaic flown. [1] October 4 * Colin Gordon, actor (John - The Baron), dies at age 61. [1] October 5 * Herbert Mullin, serial killer, first kills, claiming to prevent earthquakes. [1]

488

October 6 * 22-car train carrying 2,000 pilgrims derails, kills 208 in Mexico. [1] October 11 * Prison uprising at Washington DC jail. [1] October 12 * 46 sailors injured in race riot on US aircraft carrier Kitty Hawk. [1] * Mariner 9 takes pictures of Martian north pole. [1] October 13 * Aeroflot Il-62 crashes in large pond outside Moscow, Russia, 176 die. [1] * Uruguay to Chile plane crashes in Andes Mountain, (December 23rd rescue). [1] October 16 * Leo G Carroll, actor (Topper, Man From Uncle), dies at age 80. [1] October 20 * Harlow Shapley, discoverer of the Sun's position in the galaxy, dies. [1] October 25 * Eddy Merckx (Belgium) covers 30 miles, 1,258 yards in one hour. [1] October 26 * Guided tours of Alcatraz (by US Park Service) begin. [1] * Henry Kissinger declares "Peace is at hand" in Vietnam. [1] October 27 * Lew Parker, actor (Lou Marie - That Girl), dies a day before turning 65. [1] October 30 * Alan Roth, orchestra leader (Milton Berle Show), dies at age 68. [1] * Worst US rail accident in 14 years; 45 die in Chicago, Illinois. [1] November 1

489

* Standard Oil (N.J.) changes its company name to Exxon. [228] November 2 * Construction begins on the Kingdome, Seattle, Washington, USA. [1] November 6 * Tod Andrews, actor (Gray Ghost, Counterthrust), dies at age 52. [1] November 7 * US President Richard Nixon (Republican) re-elected defeating George McGovern (Democrat). [1] November 11 * US Army turns over Long Bihn base to South Vietnamese army. [1] November 14 * The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above 1,000 (1,003.16) for the first time. [1] [227] November 15 * Small Astronomy Satellite Explorer 48 is launched to study gamma rays. [1] November 23 * Marie Wilson, actress (My Friend Irma), dies at age 56. [1] November 29 * Atari releases the Pong coin-operated arcade video game system. Nolan Bushnell and Al Alcorn developed the game at Atari, partly based on the Magnavox Odyssey system. [9] November 30 * Illegal fireworks factory explodes killing 15 (Rome, Italy). [1] December 1

490

* Antonio Segni, Italian Prime Minister/President (1955-57, 1959-60, 1962-64), dies at age 81. [1] December 2 * "December Giant" largest sinkhole in US collapses (Alabama). [1] * Friedrich Christian Christiansen, German Luftwaffe general, dies. [1] * José Limón, Mexican/US dancer (moor's pavane), dies at age 64. [1] December 3 * Convair 990A charter crashes in Tenerife, Canary Island, 155 die. [1] December 5 * Australia Labour party wins parliamentary election. [1] December 6 * Janet Munro, actress (Crawling Eye, Swiss Family Robinson), dies at age 38. [1] December 7 * Adrian J Zoetmulder, author (God's Hour), dies at age 91. [1] * Apollo 17 (US), final manned lunar landing mission (last of Apollo Moon series), is launched. [1] [5] * Philippine first lady Imelda Marcos stabbed and wounded by an assailant. [1] December 8 * George Collins (Representative-Illinois), dies at age 47, in airplane crash. [1] * United Airlines airplane crashes at Chicago's Midway Airport killing 45. [1] December 10 * Mark A Van Doren, US literary (Our Lady Peace), dies at age 78. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] December 11 * Apollo 17 becomes the sixth American mission to land on the Moon. Astronauts Cernan and Harrison become 11th and 12th astronauts on the Moon. [1] [5] * Semjon I Kirsanov, Ukrainian poet (Zolushka), dies at age 66. [1] December 14

491

* Apollo 17 mission leaves the moon, with astronauts Eugene Cernan and Harrison Schmitt as the last men to walk on the moon to date. [1] [5] [129] * Willy Brandt re-elected West German chancellor. [1] December 15 * Edward Earle, actor (Charlie Chan - Meeting at Midnight), dies at age 90. [1] * Herbert Eimert, German composer (Glockenspiel), dies at age 75. [1] December 17 * Erwin Dressel, composer, dies at age 63. [1] * New line of control agreed to in Kashmir between India and Pakistan. [1] December 18 * US begins its heaviest bombing of North Vietnam. [1] December 19 * The last manned lunar flight, Apollo 17, crewed by Eugene Cernan, Ron Evans and Harrison Schmitt, returns to Earth. [1] [5] December 20 * Günter Eich, German literary (Botschaften des Regens), dies at age 65. [1] December 21 * Horace Mann Bond, president of Lincoln University (Pennsylvania), dies at age 70. [1] * Soviet Union signs a separate peace with East Germany. [1] December 23 * Sixteen plane crash survivors rescued after 70 days, survived by cannibalism. [1] * 6.25 Earthquake destroys central Managua, Nicaragua; 10,000-20,000 die. [1] * Andrej N Tupolev, Russian aircraft builder, dies at age 84. [1] December 24 * Charles Atlas [Angelo Siciliano], body builder, dies at age 79. [1] * Ernst Kreuder, writer, dies at age 69. [1] December 26

492

* Harry Truman, 33rd US President, dies in Kansas City, Missouri at age 88. [1] December 27 * Belgium recognizes German Democratic Republic. [1] * Lester B Pearson (Liberal), 14th Canadian Prime Minister (Nobel Prize 1957), dies at age 75. [1] * New North Korean constitution comes into effect. [1] December 28 * Kim Il-song becomes President of North Korea. [1] * Martin Bormann's skeleton found in Berlin (Hitler's deputy). [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] December 29 * Eastern Tristar Jumbo Jet crashes near Florida Everglades killing 101. [1] * Fritz Behrend, composer, dies at age 83. [1] * Life magazine ceases publication. [1] December 30 * US President Richard Nixon halts bombing of North Vietnam and announces peace talks. [1]

493

1973 January 1 * Great Britain, Ireland, and Denmark become 7th-9th members of European Common Market. [1] [37] * West African Economic Community formed (Benin, Ivory Coast, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Upper Volta). [1] January 5 * Cornelis van Dis, Dutch Member of Parliament (SGP), dies at age 79. [1] * Mali and Niger break diplomatic relations with Israel. [1] * Netherlands recognizes German Democratic Republic. [1] January 6 * Schoolhouse Rock premieres on ABC-TV with "Multiplication Rock". [1] January 7 * British Darts Organization founded in North London. [1] * US poet James Merrill wins Bollingen Prize. [1] January 8 * Secret peace talks between US and North Vietnam resume near Paris, France. [1] * USSR launches Luna 21 for Moon landing. [1] [5] January 10 * Gas tank on Staten Island, New York, explodes, 40 die. [1] January 11 * Isabel Randolph, actress (Missing Corpse), dies at age 83. [1] * Rudolf Kubin, composer, dies a day after 64th birthday. [1] * Trial of the Watergate burglars begins in Washington DC. [1] January 14 * Tap dancer Ray Castle measured at 1440 taps/minutes on BBC TV. [1] January 15 * Four Watergate burglars plead guilty in federal court. [1]

494

* Jef Alpaerts, Flemish pianist/conductor, dies at age 68. [1] * Pope Paul VI has an audience with Israeli Golda Meir at Vatican. [1] * US President Richard Nixon suspends all US offensive action in North Vietnam. [1] January 16 * NBC airs the last Bonanza TV show. A total of 440 episodes aired since 1959. [1] [179.134] * Ray Barrett, sportscaster (Gillette Summer Sports Reel), dies at age 65. [1] * USSR's Lunakhod 2 begins radio-controlled exploration of the Moon. [1] January 17 * City of Amsterdam decides to support Hanoi, Vietnam. [1] * Fred Essler, actor (Unsinkable Molly Brown), dies at age 77. [1] * New Philippine constitution names Marcos president for life. [1] January 18 * John Cleese's final episode on Monty Python's Flying Circus on BBC. [1] January 19 * Max Adrian, actor (Boy Friend, Her Favorite Husband), dies at age 69. [1] January 20 * Amilcar L Cabral, fought for Guinea Bissau independence, murdered 51. [1] January 22 * Lyndon B Johnson, US President (1963-69), dies at his Texas ranch at age 64. [1] * Roe versus Wade: US Supreme Court declares abortion a constitutional right. [1] [162.24] * US, North and South Vietnam and Vietcong sign boundary accord. [1] January 23 * Helgafell, island of Heimaey Iceland erupts for first time in 7,000 years. [1] * Jordan Air crash at Kano, Nigeria kills 176 Muslim pilgrims. [1] * US President Richard Nixon announces an accord has been reach to end the Vietnam War. [1] January 24 * J Carrol Naish, actor (Charlie Chan-Adventures of Charlie Chan), dies at age 72. [1]

495

January 26 * Belgium government of Leburton forms. [1] * Edward G Robinson [Goldenberg], actor (Little Caesar), dies at age 79. [1] * Meijer Sluyser, Dutch journalist/commentator (VARA), dies at about age 71. [1] January 27 * William Rogers and Nguyen Duy Trinh sign US-North Vietnam treaty. [1] January 28 * Barnaby Jones premieres on CBS TV. [1] * John Banner, actor (Schultz - Hogan's Heroes), dies on 62nd birthday. [1] January 29 * Johannes Paul Thilman, composer, dies at age 67. [1] * Ludwig Stossel, Austrian actor (Man With a Camera), dies at age 89. [1] January 30 * Jack McGowan, actor (On Our Selection), dies at age 54. [1] * US Jury finds Watergate defendants Liddy and McCord guilty on all counts. [1] * KISS rock group plays their first show (Coventry Club in Queens, New York). [1] January 31 * Ragnar Frisch, Norwegian economist (Nobel Prize 1969), dies at age 77. [1] February 2 * Midnight Special rock music show debuts on NBC-TV. [1] * Henry J Elias, Flemish historian/mayor of Gent, dies at age 70. [1] * Richath Helms ends term as 8th director of US Central Intelligence Agency. [1] * James R Schlesinger becomes director of the US Central Intelligence Agency (until July). [1] February 3 * Edward Lockspeiser, composer, dies at age 67. [1] * US President Richard Nixon signs Endangered Species Act into law. [1] February 4

496

* No, No Nanette closes at 46th Steet Theater in New York City after 861 performances. [1] * Reshef, Israel's missile boat, unveiled. [1] February 5 * Comic strip Hagar The Horrible debuts. [1] * Funeral for Lieutenant Colonel William Nolde, last US soldier killed in Vietnam War. [1] * Juan Corona sentenced to 25 consecutive life terms for 25 murders. [1] February 6 * Ira S Bowen, US physicist/astronomer (Mt Wilson/Palomar), dies at age 74. [1] February 7 * US Senate creates Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities. [1] February 8 * US Senate names seven members to investigate Watergate scandal. [1] February 9 * Max Yasgur, owner of Woodstock-festival farmland, dies at age 53. [1] February 10 * 83-metre-wide gas tank on Staten Island, New York, explodes, crushing 40. [1] February 11 * Hans D Jensen, German physicist (Nobel Prize 1963), dies at age 65. [1] February 12 * First US POWs in North Vietnam released; 116 of 456 flown to Philippines. [1] * Benjamin Frankel, composer, dies at age 67. [1] * Ohio becomes the first US state to post distances on signs in System International (Metric) units. [5] February 13 * US dollar devalued by 10 percent. [1]

497

February 14 * The last American is conscripted into the armed forces. [224.28] February 15 * Tim Holt, actor (Stagecoach, Hitler's Children), dies of cancer at age 55. [1] * USSR launches Prognoz 3 to study sun (589/200,300 km). [1] * Wally Cox, actor (Mr Peepers, Hollywood Squares), dies at age 48. [1] February 18 * 54-kg octopus measuring 7 metres across captured in Hood Canal, Washington. [1] * Franc Costello, US gangster, dies at age 82. [1] February 20 * Brigitte Reimann, writer, dies at age 39. [1] * Joseph Szigeti, Hungarian/US violinist, dies at age 80. [1] * Maurice Dallimore, actor (Collector), dies at age 60. [1] February 22 * Elizabeth Bowen, Anglo-Irish novelist (Cat Jumps), dies in London, England, at age 72. [1] * Israeli fighter planes shoot down a civilian Libyan Arab Airlines Boeing 727 killing 108. [1] * Katina Paxinou, actress (For Whom the Bell Tolls, Zita), dies at age 72. [1] * US and China agree to establish liaison offices in Beijing and Washington DC. [1] * Winthrop Rockefeller, US Governor (Arkansas), dies at age 60. [1] February 23 * Gold goes up US$10 overnight to record US$95 an ounce in London, England. [1] February 24 * Art Smith, actor (Quicksand), dies of heart attack at age 73. [1] February 25 * Juan Corona sentenced to 25 life sentences for 25 murders. [1] * Steven Sondheim's musical Little Night Music premieres at Shubert Theater in New York City, New York for 601 performances. [1] February 26

498

* Mary Finney, actress (Honestly Celeste), dies at age 68. [1] February 27 * American Indian Movement occupies Wounded Knee in South Dakota. [1] * Lucijan Marija Skerjanc, Yugoslav composer/conductor, dies at age 72. [1] * Pope Paul VI publishes constitution motu proprio Quo aptius. [1] February 28 * Cecil Kellaway, actor (Guess Who's Coming to Dinner), dies at age 78. [1] * Hope Landin, actress (I Remember Mama, Sugarfoot), dies at age 79. [1] * Suriname government of Sedney arrests 13 union leaders. [1] March 2 * "Black September" terrorists occupy Saudi Embassy in Khartoum. [1] * Cleo Noel, US ambassador to Sudan, is assassinated. [1] March 4 * 15th Grammy Awards: "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face", America. [1] March 5 * Rupert Crosse, actor (Too Late Blues), dies of cancer at age 45. [1] March 6 * Paul Klecki/Kletzki, Polish violinist/composer/conductor, dies at age 72. [1] * Pearl S[ydenstricker] Buck, author (The Good Earth - Nobel Prize 1938), dies at age 80. [1] * Vera Fjodorova Panova, Russian author (Sputniki), dies at age 67. [1] March 7 * André de Meulemeester, Belgian WWI pilot [Eagle of Flanders], dies at age 78. [1] * Comet (Lubos) Kohoutek discovered at Hamburg Observatory. [1] * Sheik Mujib ur-Rahman's Awami League wins election in Bangladesh. [1] March 8 * Eisenhower Tunnel, world's highest/US longest, opens. [1] * Ron "Pigpen" McKernan, rocker (Grateful Dead, Grass Roots), dies at age 27. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1]

499

March 10 * Morocco adopts constitution. [1] * Sir Richard Sharples, Governor of Bermuda, is assassinated. [1] March 11 * Manuel Rojas Sepúlveda, writer, dies. [1] March 12 * Esther Williamson Ballou, composer, dies at age 57. [1] * Manuel Rojas Sepulveda, Chilean writer (Hijo de Ladron), dies at age 77. [1] March 13 * Irene opens at Minskoff Theater in New York City for 605 performances. [1] * Stacy Harris, actor (Door With No Name, Appointment with Danger), dies at age 54. [1] * Syria adopts constitution. [1] March 14 * Liam Cosgrave is appointed president of Ireland. [1] * Murat B "Chic" Young, US comic strip artist (Blondie), dies at age 72. [1] March 16 * Carl Benton Reid, actor (Burke's Law, Trap, Underwater City), dies at age 79. [1] * M Revis [Willem Fisherman), author (People that Mutiny), dies at age 68. [1] March 17 * Geertruida M W "Truus" Bakker, Dutch actress (Two Orphans), dies at age 81. [1] * Queen Elizabeth II opens new London Bridge. [1] * The National Broadcasting Company airs the pilot episode of The Magician airs on TV in the USA. [8] March 18 * Lauritz L H Melchior, Danish baritone/actor (Luxury Liner), dies at age 82. [1] March 21 * Antoni Szalowski, composer, dies at age 65. [1]

500

March 23 * After a 5.5-year run, TV show Love is a Many Splendored Thing ends. [1] * Ken Maynard, actor (Phantom Rancher, $50,000 Reward), dies at age 77. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] March 25 * 27th Tony Awards: That Championship Season and Little Night Music win. [1] * Edward Steichen, pioneer of American photography, dies at age 92. [1] * Majid Khan and Mushtaq Mohammad both out for 99 in Test versus England. [1] March 26 * Noel Coward, English playwright (Private Letters), dies at age 73. [1] * Safford Cape, US/Belgian conductor/composer/musicologist, dies at age 67. [1] * Soap opera The Young and the Restless premieres on American TV. [1] * Susan Shaw is first woman in 171 years in London's Stock exchange. [1] March 27 * 45th Academy Awards: The Godfather, Marlon Brando and Liza Minnelli win. Marlon Brando turns down Oscar for best actor in support of Indians. [1] * Boyan Georgiev Ikonomov, composer, dies at age 72. [1] March 28 * Hakuun Yasutani, Zen teacher/co-founder (Sanbo Kyodan), dies. [1] March 29 * Last US troops leave Vietnam, nine years after Tonkin Gulf Resolution. [1] March 30 * Ellsworth Bunker resigns as US ambassador to South Vietnam. [1] March 31 * Kurt George Hugo Thomas, composer, dies at age 68. [1] April 1 * Japan allows its citizens to own gold. [1]

501

* John Lennon and Yoko form a new country with no laws or boundaries, called Nutopia, its national anthem is silence (April Fool's Joke). [1] April 2 * CBS radio begins on-hour news 24 hours a day. [1] * International Telephone And Telegraph pleads guilty to asking US Central Intelligence Agency to affect Chilean presidential election. [1] April 6 * Harbor strike in Gent/Antwerp, Belgium. [1] * Troops of India invade Sikkim. [1] * US launches Pioneer 11 to Jupiter and Saturn. [1] April 7 * Nick Stuart, bandleader, dies of cancer at age 69. [1] April 8 * Pablo (Ruiz y) Picasso, Spanish/French painter (Guernica), dies near Mougins, France at age 91. [1] [5] April 9 * Netherlands recognizes North Vietnam. [1] * Otto Kerner, former Governor of Illinois, convicted for his role in an illegal racetrack scheme. [1] April 10 * BEA Vanguard Turboprop flight to Basel, Switzerland, crashes into wooded hillside during landing, killing 107 of 143. [1] * Pakistan suspends constitution. [1] April 11 * Ted Decorsia, actor (Police Chief Hegedorn-Steve Canyon), dies at age 69. [1] April 12 * France recognizes North Vietnam. [1] * Sudan adopts constitution. [1] * Swaziland suspends constitution. [1]

502

April 13 * Alexandre A M Stols, publisher/typographer (Schoone Book), dies at age 73. [1] April 14 * Acting FBI director L Patrick Gray resigns after admitting he destroyed evidence in the Watergate scandal. [1] * Magda Janssens, Flemish actress (Nederlands in Seven Lessons), dies at age 88. [1] April 16 * István Kertész, Hungarian-born German conductor (London Symphony), dies at age 43. [1] April 19 * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] April 20 * Canadian ANIK A2 becomes first commercial satellite in orbit. [1] * Robert Armstrong, actor (Fall Guy, Exposed), dies at age 82. [1] April 21 * Ursula Jeans [McMinn], actress (Cavalcade, Over the Moon), dies at age 66. [1] April 23 * Otto Eissfeldt; German old testament scholar, dies at age 85. [1] April 25 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] April 26 * Irene Ryan, actress (Granny - Beverly Hillbillies), dies at age 69. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] April 27 * Libbe de Wal, founder of Humanistic Covenant, dies at age 72. [1] April 28

503

* Pat Henning, actor (Goodyear TV Playhouse), dies at age 62. [1] April 29 * Manfred Gurlitt, composer, dies at age 82. [1] April 30 * Josie Sedgwick, actress (White Moth), dies of stroke at age 75. [1] * US President Richard Nixon announces resignation of Haldeman, Ehrlichman, et al. [1] May 2 * Alan Carney, actor (Herbie - Take it from Me), dies at age 61. [1] May 3 * Chicago's Sears Tower, world's tallest building (443 metres), tops out. [1] May 4 * First TV network female nudity-Steambath (PBS)- Valerie Perrine. [1] * Jane Bowles, writer, dies at age 56. [1] * Patriarch Shenuda II of Kopitisch church visits the Pope. [1] May 6 * Ernest MacMillan, composer, dies at age 79. [1] May 7 * Pulitzer Prize awarded to Eudora Welty (Optimist's Daughter). [1] May 8 * Indians holding South Dakota hamlet of Wounded Knee for 10 weeks surrender. [1] May 10 * Establishment of Frente Polisario in Mauritania. [1] * Jack E Leonard of Chicago, Illinois, comedian, dies at age 62. [1] May 11

504

* Dutch Government of Uyl forms. [1] * Grigory M Kosinzev, Russian director, dies. [1] May 12 * Frances Marion, screenwriter (Pollyanna, Camille), dies at age 85. [1] May 14 * Gold hits record US$102.50 an ounce in London, England. [1] * Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In last airs on NBC-TV. [1] * Skylab launched, the first Space Station. [1] * US Supreme court approves equal rights to females in military. [1] May 15 * Willem H Rassers, Dutch cult anthropologist (Pandji-Novel), dies at age 95. [1] May 16 * A P Gütersloh, writer, dies at age 86. [1] May 17 * Alexander J Kropholler, Dutch architect/writer, dies at age 91. [1] * US Senate Watergate Committee begins its hearings. [1] * US performs three nuclear tests at Rifle, Colorado. [1] May 18 * Jeannette Rankin, first US Congresswoman (1917-19, 1941-43), dies at age 92. [1] * Russian party leader Brezhnev visits West Germany. [1] May 20 * In Los Angeles, California, the 25th Annual Emmy Awards are presented, hosted by Johnny Carson. o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role (Drama/Comedy - Limited Episodes): Anthony Murphy for Tom Brown's Schooldays o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role (Drama Series - Continuing): Richard Thomas for The Waltons o Outstanding Single Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role: Laurence Olivier for Long Day's Journey Into Night o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Jack Klugman for The Odd Couple

505

o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role (Drama Series - Continuing): Michael Learned for The Waltons o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role (Drama/Comedy - Limited Episodes): Susan Hampshire for Vanity Fair o Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Comedy Series: Mary Tyler Moore for Mary Tyler Moore o Outstanding Single Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role: Cloris Leachman for A Brand New Life o Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in Comedy: Ted Knight for Mary Tyler Moore o Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in Drama: Scott Jacoby for That Certain Summer o Outstanding Achievement by a Supporting Performer in Music or Variety: Tim Conway for The Carol Burnett Show o Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in Comedy: Valerie Harper for Mary Tyler Moore o Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in Drama: Ellen Corby for The Waltons o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy: Jay Sandrich for episode "It's Whether You Win Or Lose" of Mary Tyler Moore o Outstanding Achievement in Music Direction of a Variety, Musical or Dramatic Program: Peter Matz for The Carol Burnett Show o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Variety or Music: Bill Davis for The Julie Andrews Hour o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Drama - A Single Program: Joseph Sargent for The Marcus-Nelson Murders o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Drama - A Single Program of a Series with Continuing Characters and/or Theme: Jerry Thorpe for episode "An Eye for an Eye" for Kung Fu o Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy, Variety or Music: Bob Fosse for Liza with a 'Z' o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Drama - Original Teleplay: Abby Mann for The Marcus-Nelson Murders o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Drama - Adaptation: Eleanor Perry for The House Without a Christmas Tree o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Comedy: Michael Ross, Bernard West, and Lee Kalcheim for episode "The Bunkers And The Swingers" of All in the Family o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Variety or Music: Stan Hart, Larry Siegel, Gail Parent, Heywood Kling, Roger Beatty, Tom Patchett, Jay Tarses, Robert Hilliard, Arnie Kogen, Bill Angelos, and Buz Kohan for The Carol Burnett Show o Outstanding Writing Achievement in Drama: John McGreevey for episode "The Scholar" of The Waltons o Outstanding Achievement in Makeup: Del Armstrong, Ellis Burman Jr., and Stan Winston for Gargoyles o Outstanding Variety Musical Series: The Julie Andrews Hour

506

o Outstanding Achievement in Music Composition - For a Special Program: Jerry Goldsmith for The Red Pony o Outstanding Achievement in Music Composition - For a Series or a Single Program of a Series (First Year of Music's Use Only): Charles Fox for Love, American Style o Outstanding Single Program - Variety and Popular Music: Liza with a 'Z' o Outstanding Achievement in Music, Lyrics and Special Material: Fred Ebb and John Kander for Liza with a 'Z' o Outstanding Achievement in Children's Programming - Informational/Factual: William Hanna and Joseph Barbera for "The Last of the Curlews" of ABC Afterschool Specials and Shari Lewis for A Picture of Us o Outstanding Drama Series - Continuing: The Waltons o Outstanding Achievement by Individuals in Daytime Drama: Mary Fickett for All My Children o Outstanding Program Achievement in Daytime Drama: Erwin Nicholson for The Edge of Night o Outstanding Comedy Series: All in the Family o Outstanding New Series: America o Outstanding Achievement in Children's Programming - Entertainment/Fictional: Tom Whedon, John Boni, Sara Compton, Tom Dunsmuir, Thad Mumford, Jeremy Stevens, and Jim Thurman for The Electric Company and Jon Stone and Robert Cunniff for Sesame Street and Christopher Sarson for Zoom o Outstanding Program Achievement in Daytime: Henry Jaffe, Fred Tatashore, and Dinah Shore for Dinah's Place o Outstanding Drama/Comedy - Limited Episodes: Tom Brown's Schooldays o Outstanding Achievement in Choreography: Bob Fosse for Liza with a 'Z' o Outstanding Single Program - Drama or Comedy: A War of Children. [1] [217] May 21 * Carlo E Gadda, Italian engineer/writer (War Diary), dies at age 79. [1] * George Breakstone, actor/director (Great Expectations), dies at age 53. [1] * Vaughn Monroe, singer/orchestra leader (Vaughn Monroe Show), dies at age 61. [1] May 22 * US President Richard Nixon confesses his role in Watergate cover-up. [1] * At Xerox PARC, Bob Metcalfe invents the Ethernet computer connectivity system, describing in a memo how the technology would work. The name "Ethernet" refers to medium-independent transmission of data packets, and is based on a discredited physical theory of an existing "ether" in space allowing transmission of light rays from the sun to the Earth. [4] May 23

507

* Athena Lorde, actress (Judith - One Man's Family, Fuzz, Skin Game), dies at age 57. [1] May 25 * Argentine Peronist Hector Cámpora installed as president. [1] * US launches first Skylab; crew Kerwin, Conrad, Weitz. [1] May 26 * Bahrain adopts its constitution. [1] * Beatles' "The Beatles 1967-1970" album goes #1. [1] May 28 * Hans Schmidt-Isserstedt, German composer/conductor (Hassan), dies at age 73. [1] * Jacques Lipchitz, Polish/French/US art critic sculptor, dies at age 81. [1] May 29 * Columbia Records fires president Clive Davis for misappropriating $100,000 in funds. (Davis will start Arista records.) [1] * Eric Applewhite, entertainer, dies. [1] May 30 * Swift & Company changes its company name to Esmark. [228] * Hal Hastings, orchestra leader (Chevrolet on Broadway), dies at age 66. [1] May 31 * Albert Egges van Giffen; Dutch archaeologist, dies at age 89. [1] June 4 * Arna Bontemps, writer/educator, dies at age 72 in Nashville, Tennessee. [1] * Murray Wilson, father of Beach Boys' Brian, Carl, and Dennis, dies at age 55. [1] June 17 * Luis Van Rooten, actor (One Man's Family), dies at age 66. [1] June 19 * Roger Delgado, actor (Adventures of Sir Francis Drake), dies at age 53. [1]

508

June 22 * Skylab 2's astronauts land. [1] June 23 * Fay Holden, actress (Mother-Andy Hardy films), dies at age 77. [1] June 24 * Marlene Raymond (15), limboes under a flaming bar at 6.125 inches. [1] June 25 * John Dean begins testimony before US Senate Watergate Committee. [1] June 27 * Ernest Truex, actor (Pop-Pete and Gladys, Mr Peepers), dies at age 73. [1] * John W Dean tells Watergate Committee about President Richard Nixon's "enemies list". [1] June 30 * Elmer Layden, one of Notre Dame's legendary four horsemen, dies. [1] * Observers aboard Concorde jet observe 72-min solar eclipse. [1] July 2 * George Macready, actor (Martin Peyton - Peyton Place), dies at age 73. [1] July 5 * Live and Let Die James Bond film premieres in theaters. [1] * Isle of Man begins issuing their own postage stamps. [1] July 6 * Patrick McVey, actor (Manhunt, Big Town), dies at age 63. [1] July 7 * 78 drown as flash flood sweeps a bus into a river (India). [1] * Veronica Lake, actress, dies at age 58. [1] July 10

509

* Bahamas gains independence after 300 years of British rule (National Day). [1] July 11 * Isabel Randolph, actress (Mrs Nester - Our Miss Brooks), dies at age 83. [1] July 13 * Lon Chaney Jr, actor (Hawkeye, Pistols 'n' Petticoats), dies at age 67. [1] July 14 * Clarence White, guitarist (The Byrds), killed by a car. [1] * Phil Everly storms off stage declaring an end to the Everly Brothers. [1] July 16 * During Watergate hearings, Butterfield reveals existence of tapes. [1] July 18 * Jack Hawkins, actor (Ben-Four Just Men), dies at age 62. [1] July 20 * Bruce Lee, karate star/actor (Green Hornet), dies. [5] July 21 * USSR launches Mars 4 for fly-by (2600 km) of the red planet. [1] July 23 * Ozark Air Lines' plane knocked out of the air by lightning over Saint Louis - 36 die. [1] July 25 * The Soviet Mars 5 space probe is launched. [1] [5] July 28 * Skylab 3's astronauts (Bean, Garriott and Lousma) launched. [1] July 29

510

* Greek plebiscite chooses republic over monarchy. [1] July 31 * Delta Airlines DC-9 crashes in fog at Logan Airport, Boston, Massachusetts. [1] August 3 * Flash fire kills 51 at amusement park (Isle of Man, United Kingdom). [1] August 4 * Eddie Condon, jazz guitarist (Eddie Condon's Floor Show), dies at age 68. [1] August 5 * USSR launches Mars 6. [1] August 8 * US Vice President Spiro T Agnew brands as "damned lies" reports he took kickbacks from government contracts in Maryland. He vows not to resign. [1] August 9 * USSR launches Mars 7. [1] August 11 * Peggy Castle, actress (Lily Merrill - Lawman), dies at age 46. [1] * MCA/Universal Pictures releases the film American Graffiti to theaters in the USA. [8] August 14 * US bombs Cambodia. [1] August 15 * Black September group kills three, wounds 55 in Athens, Greece. [1] August 17 * Conrad Aiken, Pulitzer winning poet, dies at age 74. [1]

511

August 19 * Pirate World Music Radio (Holland) closes down after 10 years. [1] August 23 * Intelsat communications satellite launched. [1] August 24 * Billy Greene, actor (Burton - One Man's Family), dies at age 76. [1] August 26 * David Eisenhower last sports column. [1] * University of Texas (Arlington) is first accredited school to offer belly dancing. [1] August 28 * 6.8 earthquake centered in Oaxaca State in Mexico kills 527. [1] September 1 * 74-year-old Hafnia Hotel burns, killing 35 (Copenhagen, Denmark). [1] September 11 * Chile's President, Salvador Allende, is deposed in a military coup by General Augusto Pinochet. Allende is killed, most likely by suicide. In the following days, about 13,500 civilians are arrested and imprisoned; hundreds are executed. [1] [46.14,87] September 12 * Two bettors win the largest US Daily Double (US$19,909.60 in Detroit, Michigan). [1] September 14 * Israel shoots down 13 Syrian MIG-21s. [1] September 15 * Star Trek-Animated premieres on TV. [1] * King Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden dies. [7] September 16

512

* Frederic Meyer, actor (Faraway Hill), dies at age 63. [1] September 19 * Prince Carl Gustaf Folke Hubertus Bernadotte ascends the throne of Sweden as King Carl XVI Gustaf. [7] September 20 * Glenn Strange, actor (Sam the Bartender-Gunsmoke), dies at age 74. [1] * Jim Croce, singer/songwriter ("Time In A Bottle", "Bad Bad Leroy Brown"), dies in a plane crash at age 30. [1] September 21 * Diana Sands, actress, dies at age 39. [1] September 22 * Henry Kissinger is sworn in as America's first Jewish Secretary of State. [1] September 23 * Former Argentine President Juan Peron returns to power. [1] * Largest known prime is discovered: 2 ^ 132,049-1. [1] September 24 * Portuguese Guinea (Guinea-Bissau) declares independence. [1] September 25 * Three-man crew of Skylab II make safe splashdown in Pacific after 59 days. [1] September 26 * Anna Magnani, actress, dies at age 64. [1] * Concorde flies from Washington DC to Paris, France, in 3 hours 33 minutes. [1] [5] September 27 * Soyuz 12 carries two cosmonauts into Earth orbit (two days). [1] September 28

513

* Norma Crane, actress (Rayola - Mr Peepers), dies at age 42. [1] September 29 * Insurance industry announces auto racers get into more highway accidents. [1] * Soyuz 12 returns to Earth. [1] October 1 * Joe Devlin, actor (Sam - Dick Tracy), dies at age 74. [1] October 2 * Paul Hartman, actor (Bert - Petticoat Junction), dies at age 68. [1] * The National Broadcasting Company airs the first regular episode of The Magician on TV in the USA. Episode title is "The Manhunter". [8] October 5 * The European Patent Convention is signed. [5] October 6 * (1350 hours) Egypt launches first attack of Yom Kippur War on Israel, crossing the Suez Canal into Sinai, to establish and hold a bridgehead to show Arabs that Israel could be successfully attacked. [1] [118.36] [240.170] * (1405 hours) Syria attacks Israel from the east, with three mechanized divisions with 900 tanks, mostly Soviet T-54 and T-55 types. In the first wave, Israelis destroy about 60 tanks of the Syrian 7th Infantry Division. Syrian air defences shoot down about 23 Israeli jets. [118.36] * Syrian helicopter-borne commandos seize Israeli stronghold atop Mount herman near the Lebanon border. [118.38] October 7 * (2200 hours) Syrian tanks attack Israeli positions again, with 500 tanks against 40. [118.40] October 8 * (0100 hours) Syrian tanks break off attacks on Israeli positions, to recover vehicle losses. This pause allows Israelis to call in artillery fire and re-arm and refuel tanks. [118.40] * (0400 hours) Syrian tanks attack Israeli positions again. [118.40] * Death of Syrian Brigadier General Omar Abrash, when his commanding tank against Israeli tanks takes a direct hit. [118.40]

514

October 9 * (early) Syrians capture Booster Ridge in the Golan Heights, but Israelis quickly recapture it, decimating two battalions of Assad Republican Guard. [118.40] * Syrians withdraw in the Golan Heights, leaving 260 wrecked tanks, 500 armored personnel carriers, and other vehicles on the battlefield. [118.40] * Elvis and Priscilla Presley divorce after six years. [1] October 10 * US Vice President Spiro T Agnew pleads no contest to tax evasion and resigns. [1] October 11 * Israeli tanks drive toward the Syrian capital. Egypt responds by leaving its defensive positions in the Sinai, to attack Israeli positions and take pressure off the Syrian front. As they leave the safety of anti-air cover, Israeli jets knock them out. [118.40] October 12 * US President Richard Nixon nominates Gerald Ford to replace Spiro Agnew as Vice President. [1] October 15 * Israeli armored division under Major General Ariel Sharon breaches the Egyptian front, crosses the Suez Canal, and drives on to Cairo. [118.39] October 16 * US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and Le Duc Tho jointly awarded Nobel Peace Prize. [1] * Saudi Arabia and four other Arab states announce a 70 percent increase in the price of oil. Iran joins them. [240.170] October 17 * Five-month oil embargo by Arab states against US and Netherlands begins. [1] October 18 * US Congress authorizes bi-centennial quarter, half-dollar and dollar coin. [1] * Frank Knight, TV announcer (Chronoscope), dies at age 79. [1] October 19

515

* US President Richard Nixon asks Congress for US$2.2 billion aid to Israel. [240.170] October 20 * Arab oil producers impose total oil embargo on USA. [1] [240.170] * Watergate prosecutor Archibald Cox dismissed by Solicitor General Bork, Attorney General Richardson and Deputy Attorney General Ruckelshaus resign. [1] October 22 * United Nations Security Council Resolution 338 imposes a cease fire to the Yom Kippur War. [1] [118.39] October 23 * US President Richard Nixon agrees to turn over White House tape recordings to Judge Sirica. [1] * United Nations's revised International Telecommunication Convention adopted. [1] October 24 * Allan "Rocky" Lane, actor (voice of Mr Ed, Red Ryder), dies at age 72. [1] * Heavy fog causes 65-car collision killing nine on New Jersey Turnpike. [1] * John Lennon sues US government to admit the FBI is tapping his phone. [1] * Yom Kippur War ends, Israel 65 miles from Cairo, Egypt, 26 miles from Damascus, Syria. [1] [240.188] October 30 * The Bosporus Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey is completed, connecting the continents of Europe and Asia over the Bosporus for the first time. [5] November 3 * Good Morning America premieres on ABC (David Hartman and Nancy Dussault hosts). [1] * Mariner 10 launched; will make first Venus pictures, first mission to Mercury. [1] November 6 * Abe Beame elected first jewish mayor on New York City. [1] * Coleman Young elected mayor of Detroit, Michigan. [1] November 8

516

* Nevada approves pari-mutuel betting on Jai Alai. [1] November 9 * Fire at Taiyo department store, kills 101 and injures 84 (Kumamoto, Japan). [1] November 11 * Stringbean [David Akeman], banjoist/comedian (Hee Haw), dies at age 58. [1] November 14 * Britain's Princess Anne marries commoner, Captain Mark Phillips. [1] November 16 * US President Richard Nixon authorizes construction of the Alaskan pipeline. [1] * Skylab 4 launched into Earth orbit. [1] November 17 * US President Richard Nixon tells Associated Press "...people have got to know whether or not their President is a crook. Well, I'm not a crook". [1] November 21 * Allan Sherman, singer ("Goodbye Muddah, Goodbye Faddah"), dies at age 48. [1] November 23 * Paul Newlan, actor (Captain Grey - M Squad). [1] November 25 * Bloodless military coup ousts Greek President George Papadopoulos. [1] November 26 * Albert DiSalvo, Boston strangler, stabbed to death. [1] * US President Richard Nixon's personal secretary, Rose Mary Woods, tells a federal court she accidentally caused part of 18-minute gap in a key Watergate tape. [1] November 27 * US Senate votes 92-3 to confirm Gerald R Ford as Vice President. [1]

517

November 30 * Bruce Yarnell of Los Angeles, California, actor (Outlaws), dies at age 35. [1] December 1 * Australia grants self-government to Papua New Guinea. [1] * David Ben-Gurion, founding father of Israel, dies in Tel Aviv at age 87. [1] * Stan Stasiak beats Pedro Morales in Philadelphia, to become WWF champion. [1] December 3 * Michael O'Shea, actor (Denny - It's a Great Life), dies at age 67. [1] * Pioneer 10 passes Jupiter (first fly-by of an outer planet). [1] December 4 * Michael O'Shea, actor (Smart Woman), dies of heart attack at age 67. [1] December 6 * Bahrain's constitution goes into effect. [1] * Gerald Ford sworn-in as first unelected US Vice-President, succeeds Spiro T Agnew. [1] * Justus Hermann Wetzel, composer, dies at age 94. [1] * Robert A Watson-Watt in England; physicist (radar), dies at age 81. [1] December 9 * Bruno Sammartino beats Stan Stasiak in New York, to become WWF champion. [1] * Sunningdale Agreement in Northern Ireland. [1] December 10 * Earle Foxe, actor (Dance Fools Dance), dies at age 81. [1] December 11 * Ron Santo becomes first to invoke no-trade clause of 10-year-1-club vet. [1] * West German chancellor Willy Brandt normalizes trade with Czechoslovakia. [1] December 13 * MPLA/FNLA accord about combat against Portuguese Libya. [1]

518

December 14 * Yitzhak Edel, composer, dies at age 77. [1] December 15 * American Psychiatric Association declares homosexuality is not mental illness. [1] * Golf Resort (The Disney Inn) opens. [1] * Orest Alexandrovich Evlahkov, composer, dies at age 61. [1] * Pirates of the Caribbean ride opens at Disneyland, Anaheim, California. [1] December 16 * US kidnap victim Paul Getty III freed. [1] December 17 * Arab terrorists shoot passengers on Boeing 737 to Kuwait. [1] * Charles G Abbot, US astronomer (Sun Constant), dies at age 101. [1] * Patrick Hadley, composer, dies at age 74. [1] December 18 * Giulio Cesare Brero, composer, dies at age 64. [1] * Soyuz 13 launched into Earth orbit for 8 days. [1] December 19 * Grenada adopts constitution. [1] December 20 * Bobby Darin, singer ("Mack the Knife"), dies of heart failure at age 37. [1] * Dutch Antillean government of Evertsz forms. [1] * Luis Carrero Blanco, Prime Minister of Spain (1973), assassinated by ETA. [1] December 21 * Israel, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, US and USSR meet in Geneva, Switzerland. [1] December 22 * Domingo Julio Gomez Garcia, composer, dies at age 87. [1] * Irna Phillips, creator of five TV soap operas, dies at age 72. [1] December 23

519

* The Young and the Restless premieres on TV in the USA. [1] * Six Persian Gulf nations double their oil prices. [1] * French Caravelle crashes in Morocco, 106 killed. [1] December 24 * Ferryboat capsizes off coast of Ecuador, drowning 200. [1] December 25 * Ismet Inönü [Mustapha Ismet Pasha], Turkish Prime Minister (1923-65), dies at age 89. [1] * Tommy Chambers (Scotland) finishes 51-year cycle tour (799,405 miles). [1] * The ARPANET crashes when a programming bug causes all ARPANET traffic to be routed through the server at Harvard University, causing the server to freeze. [5] December 26 * Film The Exorcist, starring Linda Blair and rated X, premieres. [1] * Two Skylab 3 astronauts walk in space for a record 7 hours. [1] * Harold B Lee, US head of Mormon Church, dies at age 74. [1] * Soyuz 13 returns to Earth. [1] * Steven Geray, actor (French Line), dies at age 69. [1] * William Haines, actor (Little Annie Rooney), dies of cancer at age 73. [1] December 28 * Akron, Ohio, Chamber of Commerce terminates itself from Soap Box Derby. [1] * Alexander Solzhenitsyn publishes Gulag Archipelag. [1] * Comet Kohoutek at perihelion. [1] December 30 * First picture of a comet from space (Comet Kohoutek-Skylab). [1] * Henri-Paul Busser, composer, dies at age 101. [1]

520

1974 January 1 * NBC radio begins on-the-hour news 24 hours a day (following CBS lead). [1] * World Population Year begins. [1] January 2 * 55 MPH automobile speed limit imposed by US President Richard Nixon. [1] * Tex Ritter, country singer ("Five Star Jubilee"), dies at age 67. [1] * Worst fire in Argentine history destroys 1.2 million acres. [1] January 3 * Arias Navarro succeeds Carrero Blanco as premier of Spain. [1] * Burma accepts its constitution. [1] * Gino Cervi, actor (Becket, Don Camillo), dies at age 72. [1] * Gold hits record US$121.25 an ounce in London, England. [1] January 4 * Karel Janacek, composer, dies at age 70. [1] * US President Richard Nixon refuses to hand over tapes subpoenaed by Watergate Committee. [1] January 5 * Roy Bargy, orchestra leader (Jimmy Durante Show), dies at age 79. [1] January 6 * CBS Mystery Theater premieres on radio. [1] * David Alfaro Siqueiros, Mexican sculptor/muralist, dies at age 77. [1] * England begins three-day work week during mine strike. [1] January 7 * Netherlands government imposes rationing of gasoline. [1] January 8 * Gold hits record US$126.50 an ounce in London, England. [1] * Silver hits record US$3.40 an ounce in New York. [1] January 12

521

* "Joker" song by Steve Miller Band peaks at #1. [1] * Libya and Tunisia announces they are merging as "Islamic Arab Republic". [1] January 14 * Josef Smrkovsky, Czechoslovakia parliament chairman, dies at age 62. [1] January 15 * Happy Days TV show begins an 11-year run on ABC. [1] * Expert panel reports 18.5 minute gap in Watergate tape, five separate erasures. [1] * Karel Salmon, composer, dies at age 76. [1] January 16 * Jaws novel by Peter Benchley is published. [1] * L A landslide kills 9, Canyonville, Oregon. [1] January 18 * The Six Million Dollar Man starring Lee Majors premieres on ABC TV. [1] * Israel and Egypt sign weapons accord. [1] January 19 * Belgium government of Leburton falls. [1] January 20 * Edmund Blunden, British poet/critic, dies at age 77. [1] January 21 * Gold hits record US$161.31 an ounce in London, England. [1] * Jan Arends, Dutch poet/author, dies at age 48. [1] * Lewis L Strauss, head US Atomic Energy Commission (1953-58), dies at age 78. [1] * Silver hits record US$3.97 an ounce in London, England. [1] January 22 * Leon Lontoc, actor (Henry - Burke's Law), dies at age 64. [1] January 23 * First edition of women's magazine Story. [1]

522

January 25 * Bülent Ecevit forms government in Turkey. [1] * South African surgeon Christiaan Barnard transplants the first human heart without removal of the old one. [1] January 26 * S v Vegesack, writer, dies at age 85. [1] * Wiktor Labunski, composer, dies at age 78. [1] January 27 * Georgios Grivas, Greek General/opposition leader on Cyprus (EOKA), dies at age 75. [1] * Paula Ludwig, writer, dies at age 74. [1] January 28 * Dino Buzzati, writer, dies at age 67. [1] January 30 * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakstan/Semipalatinsk. [1] January 31 * Glenn Morris, olympian/actor (Tarzan's Revenge), dies at age 61. [1] * Harry Baum, actor (Crime and Punishment), dies at age 58. [1] * Paul Haesaerts, Flemish architect/painter (Flandre), dies at age 72. [1] * Roger Pryor, actor (Lady by Choice), dies at age 72. [1] * Samuel Goldwyn, Polish/English/US film magnate (MGM), dies at age 91. [1] February 1 * TV show Good Times (spinoff from Maude) premieres on CBS TV. [1] * Lynda Ann Healy, first Bundy murder victim, abducted in Seattle, Washington. [1] * Marieluise Fleißer, writer, dies at age 71. [1] February 2 * Barbra Streisand's first #1 hit, "The Way We Were". [1] * Jean Absil, Belgian composer (Bénédictions), dies at age 80. [1] * Pope Paul VI encyclical "To Honor Mary". [1]

523

February 4 * Benzine rationing ends in Netherlands. [1] * Chimpanzee Nim Chimsky signs his first word, at age 2.5 months. [1] * Gas rationing ends in Netherlands. [1] * Mihail Andricu, composer, dies at age 79. [1] * Patricia Hearst (19), daughter of publisher Randolph Hearst kidnapped by Symbionese Liberation Army. [1] February 5 * Maximum speed on German Autobahn reduced to 100 kph. [1] * US Mariner 10 returns first close-up photos of Venus' cloud structure. [1] February 6 * Dutch automobile speed limit set at 100 km due to oil crisis. [1] * US House of Representatives begins determining grounds for impeachment of President Richard Nixon. [1] February 7 * Arline Judge, actress (Age of Consent), dies at age 61. [1] * Grenada gains independence from Britain (National Day). [1] * Mel Brooks' film Blazing Saddles opens in movie theaters. [1] February 8 * Fritz Zwicky, Swiss/US astronomer (supernova), dies at age 75. [1] * After 84 days in space, the crew of the first American space station Skylab return to Earth. [1] [5] * TV soap opera The Secret Storm ends a 20-year run. [1] February 9 * Cees de Lange, Dutch conferencier, dies at age 60. [1] February 10 * Iran/Iraq border fight breaks out. [1] * Silver futures hit record US$4.815 an ounce in London, England. [1] February 11 * Anna Q Nilsson, actress (Toll Gate, Sorrell and Son), dies at age 85. [1] * Titan-Centaur test launch fails. [1]

524

February 13 * Dissident Nobel Prize writer Alexander Solzhenitsyn expelled from USSR. [1] February 15 * Kurt Magnus Atterberg, composer, dies at age 86. [1] February 18 * NASA launches Italian satellite San Marcos C-2 (235/843 km). [1] * US ambassador to India Daniel Moynihan presents US$2,046,700,000 check. [1] February 19 * First American Music Award. [1] February 20 * David Monrad Johansen, composer, dies at age 85. [1] February 21 * Israeli forces leave western Suez. [1] * Silver hits record US$5.965 an ounce in London, England. [1] * Yugoslavia adopts constitution. [1] February 22 * Ethiopian police shoot at demonstrators. [1] February 23 * Florence Rice, actress (Girl in 1313, Carnival), dies at age 63. [1] February 24 * Pakistan officially recognizes Bangladesh. [1] February 26 * Gold hits record US$188 an ounce in Paris, France. [1] February 27

525

* People magazine begins sales. [1] * Pat Brady of Toledo, Ohio, actor (Roy Rogers Show), dies at age 59. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] February 28 * Ethiopian government of Makonnen forms. [1] * Labour Party wins British parliamentary election. [1] * Mees Toxopeus, Dutch rescue-vessel captain, dies at age 89. [1] * Taiwan police shoot into crowd. [1] * US and Egypt re-establish diplomatic relations after seven years. [1] March 1 * Jos de Haes, Flemish philological/poet (Azuren Holte), dies at age 53. [1] * Watergate grand jury indicts seven US Presidential aides. [1] March 2 * 16th Grammy Awards: "Killing Me Softly" and Bette Midler win. [1] * Grand jury concludes US President Richard Nixon is involved in Watergate cover-up. [1] March 3 * Barbara Ruick, actress/singer (Jerry Colonna Show, Carousel, Fearless Fagan), dies at age 43. [1] * Frank Wilcox, actor (John - Beverly Hillbillies), dies at age 66. [1] * World's worst air disaster, Turkish DC-10 crashes in Paris, France (346 die). [1] March 4 * Adolph Gottlieb, US painter, dies at age 71. [1] * Harold Wilson replaces resigning Ed Heath as British premier. [1] March 5 * Candide opens at Broadway Theater in New York City for 740 performances. [1] * Billy Dewolfe, actor (Good Morning World), dies at age 67. [1] * Solomon I "Sol" Hurok, US impresario, dies at age 85. [1] March 6 * An Italian loses a record US$1,920,000 at roulette in Monte Carlo. [1] March 7

526

* Monitor (US Civil War Ship) restored at Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. [1] * First general strike in Ethiopia. [1] March 8 * Charles de Gaulle Airport opens in Paris, France. [1] * Christian van Geel, Dutch poet/sculptor (Spinroc), dies at age 56. [1] * Willem "Wim" Sonneveld, Dutch actor (Silk Stockings), dies at age 56. [1] March 9 * Earl W Sutherland Jr, US pharmacologist (Nobel Prize 1971), dies at age 58. [1] * Last Japanese soldier, a guerrilla operating in Philippines, surrenders, 29 years after World War II ended. [1] March 10 * Christian Democrats win Belgium parliamentary election. [1] * June Harrison, actress (Land of the Lawless), dies at age 48. [1] * Quinto Maganini, composer, dies at age 76. [1] March 11 * Mount Etna in Sicily erupts. [1] * Rhino Store gives people 5 cents to take home Danny Bonaduce's album. [1] March 12 * Billy Fox, Protestant member of Dublin parliament, assassinated. [1] * Bundy victim Donna Manson disappears, Evergreen State College, Olympia, Washington. [1] March 13 * Charles de Gaulle Airport opens near Paris, France. [1] * Howard Saint John, actor (Investigator, Dr Lewis - Hank), dies at age 68. [1] * Janos Prohaska, actor (Andy Williams Show), dies at age 52. [1] March 15 * Brazilian President Garastazu Médici resigns. [1] March 16

527

* First performance at new Grand Ole Opry House at Opryland in Nashville, Tennessee. [1] March 17 * Carroll Nye, actress (Lawless Woman), dies at age 72. [1] * Louis I Kahn, Estonia/US architect, dies at about age 73. [1] March 18 * David C Imboden, actor (King of Kings), dies at age 87. [1] * Most Arab oil-producing nations end embargo against US. [1] March 19 * Anne Klien, fashion designer, dies at age 51. [1] * Hertha Kuusinen, Finnish communist/daughter of Otto K, dies at age 70. [1] * Jefferson Starship begins their first tour. [1] March 20 * Chet Huntley, newscaster (NBC Huntley-Brinkley Report), dies at age 62. [1] * Edward Platt, actor (Chief - Get Smart), dies at age 58. [1] * [Lavinia] Marian Fleming Poe, Black US advocate in Virginia, dies at age 83. [1] March 21 * Attempt made to kidnap Princess Anne in London's Pall Mall. [1] * Candy Darling [James Slattery], female impersonator, dies. [1] March 22 * Peter Revson. US race car driver (Indianapolis 500), dies at age 35. [1] March 24 * Yoshida Isoya, Japanese architect (modern sukiya style), dies at age 79. [1] March 25 * Otto Waldis. actor (Unknown World, Whip Hand), dies at age 72. [1] March 26 * Romanian communist party names party leader Nicolae Ceausescu President. [1]

528

March 28 * Dorothy Fields, US singer (Way you Look Tonight), dies at age 68. [1] * Françoise Rosay, actress (Interlude, Women in Prison), dies at age 82. [1] * Rock group Raspberries break up. [1] March 29 * Mariner 10's first fly-by of Mercury, returns photos. [1] * Seton I Miller, writer, dies at age 71. [1] March 30 * Ludovicus J Rogier, Dutch historian (Reborn in Freedom), dies at age 79. [1] March 31 * Andrea Checci, actress (2 Women, Assassin, Black Sunday), dies at age 57. [1] April 1 * Alfred Ernest Whitehead, composer, dies at age 86. [1] * Ayatollah Khomeini calls for an Islamic Republic in Iran. [1] April 2 * 46th Academy Awards - The Sting, Glenda Jackson and Jack Lemmon win. [1] * Arganat Committee publishes report concerning Yom Kippur War. [1] * Douglass Dumbrille, actor (Mr Deed Goes to Town), dies at age 84. [1] * Georges Pompidou, French President, dies in Paris at age 62. [1] April 3 * In the USA, 148 tornadoes are reported over an area covering a dozen states in the east, south and midwest killed approximately 315. [1] * Gold hits record US$197 an ounce in Paris, France. [1] April 5 * World's tallest building, the World Trade Center opens in New York City (110 stories). [1] * William Hudson, actor (I Led Three Lives), dies at age 49. [1] April 6 * 200,000 attend rock concert "California Jam". [1]

529

* Willem Dudok, Dutch architect (Hilversum Town Hall), dies at age 89. [1] * Swedish music group Abba wins the Eurovision Song Festival with the song "Waterloo". [7] April 10 * American Boccaccio Association is established. [1] * Magicians Penn and Teller first meet. [1] * Roger Bastide, French sociologist, dies at age 76. [1] * Yitzhak Rabin replaces resigning Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir. [1] April 11 * WWII war criminal JP Philippa arrested. [1] April 13 * Stanley Smith, actor (Honey, King of Jazz, Soup to Nuts), dies at age 71. [1] April 15 * The first Olympic lottrery draw is held in Canada. Nine winners share the CDN$1 million top prize, while one person wins the $500,000 second prize. [40.87] * Military coup in Niger, President Diori Hamani deposed. [1] April 16 * 200,000 attend rock concert California Jam I in Ontario, California. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] April 17 * Frank McGee, Today show host, dies of cancer at age 52. [1] * Herbert Elwell, US composer (Happy Hypocrite), dies at age 75. [1] * Muslim fundamentalists assault military academy in Heliopolis, Egypt. [1] * Ted Bundy victim Susan Rancourt disappears from Central Washington State College, Ellensburg, Washington. [1] * Vinnie Taylor, rocker (Canned Heat), dies of a drug overdose. [1] April 18 * Betty Compson, actress (Barker, Weary River, Drag Net), dies at age 77. [1] * Marcel Pagnol, French writer/movie (Topaz), dies at age 79. [1] * Red Brigade kidnaps Italian Attorney General Mario Sossi. [1] April 20

530

* Mohammed Ayub Khan, premier/President (Pakistan), dies. [1] April 21 * 28th Tony Awards: River Niger and Raisin win. [1] April 23 * USSR performs nuclear test at Sary Shagan. [1] April 24 * Bud Abbott, comedian (Abbott and Costello), dies at age 78. [1] April 25 * German Chancellor Willy Brandt's Secretary Günther Guillaume arrested as a spy. [1] * Leo Tindemans forms Belgium government. [1] * Marcello Caetano overthrown in Portugal; he is exiled to Madeira and later to Brazil (Carnation revolution). [1] April 26 * Landslide in Huancavelica Province, Peru creates a natural dam. [1] * Malta adopts constitution. [1] April 27 * Pan Am 707 crashes into mountains of Bali, killing 107. [1] April 28 * Paul Page, actor (Girl from Havanna, Moth), dies at age 70. [1] April 29 * US President Richard Nixon said he will release edited tapes made in White House. [1] April 30 * Agnes Moorehead, actress (Endora - Bewitched), dies from cancer at age 67. [1] * US President Richard Nixon hands over partial transcripts of Watergate tape recordings. [1]

531

May 2 * Former US Vice President Spiro Agnew is disbarred. [1] May 4 * Israel Citkowitz, composer, dies at age 65. [1] * John Wengraf, actor (Pride and Passion, 12 to the Moon), dies at age 77. [1] May 6 * Bundy victim Roberta Parks disappears from Oregon State University, Corvallis Oregon. [1] * Stolen Guitar Player painting by Jan Vermeer found in London, England. [1] * West German chancellor W Brandt resigns. [1] May 7 * Pulitzer prize awarded to Robert Lowell (Dolphin). [1] May 8 * 50 MPH speed limit in Britain lifted. [1] * Canadian Government of Pierre Trudeau falls. [1] * Graham Bond, rocker, dies jumping under a train. [1] May 9 * House Judiciary Committee begins formal hearings on President Richard Nixon impeachment. [1] * Lyubomir Pipkov, composer, dies at age 69. [1] May 14 * Symbionese Liberation Army destroyed in shoot-out, six killed. [1] May 15 * Mail truck terrorists take school in Maälot, 30 killed. [1] May 16 * Helmut Schmidt becomes West German chancellor. [1] * USSR performs nuclear Test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1]

532

May 17 * Charles Braswell, actor (Only Game in Town), dies at age 49. [1] * Dmitri Shostakovich completes his 15th String quartet. [1] May 18 * "The Streak" by Ray Stevens hits #1. [1] * India becomes sixth nation to explode an atomic bomb. [1] May 19 * Valeri Giscard d'Estaing wins French presidential election. [1] May 20 * Soyuz 14 returns to Earth. [1] May 22 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] May 23 * Great Britain performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * Italian Red Brigade officer Mario Sossi freed. [1] * Kathleen Cannell, writer, dies. [1] May 24 * Dean Martin Show last airs on NBC-TV. [1] * Duke Ellington, composer/bandleader/pianist, dies of cancer at age 75. [1] May 25 * Donald Crisp, actor/director (Beloved Brat, Dawn Patrol), dies at age 91. [1] * Pam Morrison, wife of Door's vocalist Jim, dies of drug overdose. [1] May 26 * Kitty Gordon, entertainer, dies at age 96. [1] May 28 * In Hollywood, California, the 26th Annual Emmy Awards (primetime programming) are presented, hosted by Johnny Carson.

533

o Best Lead Actor in a Drama: Hal Holbrook for Pueblo o Best Lead Actor in a Drama Series: Telly Savalas for Kojak o Actor of the Year - Special: Hal Holbrook for Pueblo o Actor of the Year - Series: Alan Alda for M*A*S*H o Best Lead Actor in a Comedy Series: Alan Alda for M*A*S*H o Best Lead Actor in a Limited Series: William Holden for The Blue Knight o Best Lead Actress in a Drama Series: Michael Learned for The Waltons o Best Lead Actress in a Drama: Cicely Tyson for The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman o Best Lead Actress in a Limited Series: Mildred Natwick for The Snoop Sisters o Actress of the Year - Special: Cicely Tyson for The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman o Actress of the Year - Series: Mary Tyler Moore for Mary Tyler Moore o Best Lead Actress in a Comedy Series: Mary Tyler Moore for Mary Tyler Moore o Best Supporting Actor in Comedy: Rob Reiner for All in the Family o Best Supporting Actor in Drama: Michael Moriarty for The Glass Menagerie o Supporting Actor of the Year: Michael Moriarty for The Glass Menagerie o Best Supporting Actor in Comedy-Variety, Variety or Music: Harvey Korman for The Carol Burnett Show o Supporting Actress of the Year: Joanna Miles for The Glass Menagerie o Best Supporting Actress in Comedy-Variety, Variety or Music: Brenda Vaccaro for The Shape of Things o Best Supporting Actress in Comedy: Cloris Leachman for episode "The Lars Affair" of Mary Tyler Moore o Best Supporting Actress in Drama: Joanna Miles for The Glass Menagerie o Best Directing in Comedy-Variety, Variety or Music: Dwight Hemion for Barbra Streisand... and Other Musical Instruments o Outstanding Achievement in Technical Direction and Electronic Camerawork: Gerry Bucci, Ken Tamburri, Dave Hilmer, David Smith, Jim Balden, and Ron Brooks for In Concert Cat Stevens: Moon & Star o Director of the Year - Special: Dwight Hemion for Barbra Streisand... and Other Musical Instruments o Best Directing in Drama - A Single Program - Comedy or Drama: John Korty for The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman o Best Directing in Comedy: Jackie Cooper for episode Carry on, Hawkeye of M*A*S*H o Best Directing in Variety or Music: Dave Powers for The Australia Show of The Carol Burnett Show o Best Music Direction of a Variety, Music or Dramatic Program: Jack Parnell, Ken Welch, Mitzie Welch for Barbra Streisand... and Other Musical Instruments o Director of the Year - Series: Robert Butler for The Blue Knight o Best Directing in Drama - A Single Program of a Series with Continuing Characters and/or Theme: Robert Butler for The Blue Knight o Best Writing in Drama - Original Teleplay: Fay Kanin for Tell Me Where It Hurts

534

o Best Writing in Comedy-Variety, Variety or Music: Herbert Sargent, Rosalyn Drexler, Lorne Michaels, Richard Pryor, Jim Rusk, James R. Stein, Bob Illes, Lily Tomlin, George Yanok, Jane Wagner, Rod Warren, Ann Elder, and Karyl Miller for Lily o Best Writing in Drama - Adaptation: Tracy Keenan Wynn for The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman o Best Writing in Comedy: Treva Silverman for episode The Lou And Edie Story of Mary Tyler Moore o Best Writing in Drama: Joanna Lee for episode The Thanksgiving Story of The Waltons o Best Writing in Variety or Music: Ed Simmons, Gary Belkin, Roger Beatty, Arnie Kogen, Bill Richmond, Gene Perret, Rudy De Luca, Barry Levinson, Dick Clair, Jenna McMahon, and Barry Harman for The Carol Burnett Show o Best Cinematography for Entertainment Programming - For a Series or a Single Program of a Series: Harry L. Wolf for Columbo: Any Old Port in a Storm o Art Director and Set Decorator of the Year: Jan Scott, Charles Kreiner for The Lie o Best Art Direction or Scenic Design - For a Dramatic Program or Feature Length Film, for a Series, a Single Program of a Series or a Special Program: Jan Scott and Charles Kreiner for The Lie o Outstanding Achievement in Costume Design: Bruce Walkup and Sandra Stewart for The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman o Best Film Editing for Entertainment Programming - For a Series or a Single Program of a Series: Gene Fowler Jr., Marjorie Fowler, and Samuel E. Beetley for The Blue Knight o Outstanding Achievement in Makeup: Stan Winston and Rick Baker for The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman o Best Song or Theme: Marty Paich and David Paich for the song "Light The Way" for episode "Once More For Joey" of Ironside o Outstanding Music-Variety Series: The Carol Burnett Show o Musician of the Year: Jack Parnell, Ken Welch, and Mitzie Welch for Barbra Streisand... and Other Musical Instruments o Best Music Composition - For a Series, a Single Program of a Series: Morton Stevens for episode "Hookman" of Hawaii Five-O o Best Music Composition - For a Special Program: Fred Karlin for The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman o Outstanding Drama Series: Upstairs, Downstairs o Outstanding Limited Series: Columbo: Lovely But Lethal, and Columbo: Any Old Port in a Storm, and Columbo: Candidate for Crime, and Columbo: Double Exposure, and Columbo: Publish or Perish, and Columbo: Mind Over Mayhem, and Columbo: Swan Song o Outstanding Special - Comedy or Drama: The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman o Special Classification of Outstanding Program and Individual Achievement: John Gilroy and Dick Cavett for The Dick Cavett Show and Tom Snyder for The Tomorrow Show

535

o Film Editor of the Year: Frank Morriss for The Execution of Private Slovik o Outstanding Comedy Series: M*A*S*H o Outstanding Individual Achievement in Children's Programming: Bill Zaharuk, Peter Razmofsky for The Borrowers and Charles M. Schulz for A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving o Writer of the Year - Special: Fay Kanin for Tell Me Where It Hurts o Outstanding Children's Special: Marlo Thomas, Carole Hart for Free to Be... You & Me o Writer of the Year - Series: Treva Silverman for episode "The Lou And Edie Story" of Mary Tyler Moore o Outstanding Achievement in Sports Programming: Roone Arledge, Dennis Lewin for ABC's Wide World of Sports o Best Film Editing for Entertainment Programming - For a Special or Feature Length Program Made for Television: Frank Morriss for The Execution of Private Slovik [1] [218] * Emmy first Daytime Award presentation. [1] * Italian fascists bomb demonstrators in Brescia, six killed. [1] * Stephen Schwartz' musical Magic Show premieres at the Cort Theater in New York City for 1859 performances. [1] May 29 * Northern Ireland is brought under direct rule from Westminster. [1] * The CBS TV network airs the last The Sonny and Cher Show TV show in the USA. (The show resumes airing in 1976.) [179.906] May 31 * Adelle Davis, US nutrionalist (Let's stay healthy), dies at age 70. [1] * Israel and Syria sign an agreement concerning Golan Heights. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] June 1 * Bundy victim Brenda Ball disappears from Burien, Washington. [1] June 8 * Keyboardist Rick Wakeman quits the rock group "Yes". [1] June 9 * Supergroup Blind Faith (Eric Clapton, Steve Windwood, Baker) performs first concert. [1] June 11

536

* Bundy victim Georgann Hawkins disappears from University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. [1] June 17 * Felix Aguilar Observatory discovers asteroids #2997 and #3083. [1] * Pamela Britton, actress (Blondie, My Favorite Martian), dies at age 50. [1] June 18 * Georgi Zhukov, Russian Marshal (WW II), dies at age 78. [1] June 20 * Felix Aguilar Observatory discovers asteroid #2124 Nissen. [1] June 26 * The Universal Product Code is scanned for the first time, to sell a pack of chewing gum in Ohio. [5] * Elizabeth Taylor's 5th divorce (Richard Burton). [1] June 28 * Frank Sutton, actor (Sgt Carter - Gomer Pyle USMC), dies at age 55. [1] June 30 * Alberta King [Mrs Martin Luther King Sr] is shot and killed in church, by a black man. [1] * Petty thief Peter Leonard sets fire to cover burglary that torches "Gulliver's" nightclub killing 24 (Port Chester, New York). [1] July 1 * Monmouthshire renamed Gwent and becomes part of Wales. [1] July 11 * US House Judiciary Committee releases evidence on Watergate inquiry. [1] July 14 * Bundy victms Janice Ott and Denise Naslund disappear, Lake Sammamish, Washington. [1]

537

July 16 * Felix Aguilar Observatory discovers asteroid #2964. [1] July 17 * First quadrophonic studio in United Kingdom is open by the Moody Blues. [1] * John Lennon is ordered to leave the US in 60 days. [1] July 18 * World's tallest structure, 646-m Polish radio mast, completed. [1] July 19 * David Bowie's Diamond Dog tour ends in New York City. [1] * Felix Aguilar Observatory discovers asteroid #3118. [1] * Joe Flynn, actor (McHale's Navy), dies at age 59. [1] July 20 * Allen Jenkins, actor (Fugitive from a Chain Gang), dies at age 74. [1] * Turkey invades Cyprus. [1] July 23 * Greek military dictatorship collapses. [1] July 24 * Chris Chubbock, newscaster, shoots self on air. [1] * US Supreme Court unanimously rules President Richard Nixon must turn over Watergate tapes. [1] July 25 * T Smirnova discovers asteroid #2345 Fucik. [1] July 26 * USSR's Soyuz fails to dock with Salyut 3. [1] July 27

538

* House Judiciary Committee votes 27-11 recommending President Richard Nixon impeachment. [1] * Lightning Slim, blues singer, dies at age 61. [1] July 28 * 69 die when packed bus strikes heavy truck (Belem, Brazil). [1] * Truman Bradley, host (Science Fiction Theater), dies at age 69. [1] July 29 * Second impeachment vote against President Richard Nixon by the House Judiciary Committee. [1] * Cass Elliot, singer of Mamas and Papas, chokes to death at age 30 in London, England. [1] July 30 * US House of Representatives recommends three articles of impeachment of Presiden Richard Nixon. [1] August 3 * Guitarist Jeff Baxter quits Steely Dan and joins Doobie Brothers. [1] August 4 * Crawford-Butler Act allows Puerto Ricans to elect own governor. [1] August 5 * Joan Jett forms her rock group the Runaways. [1] August 6 * Explosion and fire destory Great Northern railroad yard in Wenatchee, Washington. [1] August 7 * Philippe Petit walks tightrope strung between the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York City. [1] August 8 * President Richard M Nixon announces he will resign his office 12PM August 9. [1]

539

August 9 * US President Richard Nixon resigns presidency, Vice President Gerald Ford becomes 38th president. [1] August 10 * Ilona Massey, actress/singer (Ilona Massey Show), dies at age 64. [1] * Pedro Regas, actor (Pat Paulsen's 1/2 Comedy Hour), dies at age 92. [1] August 11 * Head-on collision between two buses kills 21 (Ankara, Turkey). [1] August 14 * US Congress authorizes US citizens to own gold. [1] August 15 * Longest team (six) trampoline bouncing marathon (1,248 hours (52 days)). [1] * South Korean President Park Chung-Hee escapes assassination. [1] August 26 * Charles Lindbergh dies at age 72 in his Hawaiian home. [1] [5] * Soyuz 15 carries two cosmonauts to space station Salyut 3. [1] August 28 * Soyuz 15 returns to Earth. [1] August 30 * Express train runs full speed into Zagreb, Yugoslavia rail yard killing 153. [1] September 6 * Otto Kruger, actor (Lux Video Theater), dies on 89th birthday. [1] September 8 * US President Gerald Ford pardons former President Richard Nixon of all federal crimes. [1]

540

September 10 * Guinea-Bissau gains independence from Portugal. [1] September 12 * Coup overthrows Emperor Haile Selassie in Ethiopia (National Day). [1] September 14 * Charles Kowal discovers Leda, 13th satellite of Jupiter. [1] * Vera Vague [Barbara Jo Allen], actress (Follow the Leader), dies at age 70. [1] * Warren Hull, actor (Strike it Rich, Who in the World), dies at age 71. [1] September 16 * US President Gerald Ford announces conditional amnesty for American Vietnam War deserters. [1] September 18 * Hurricane Fifi strikes Honduras with 110 mph winds, 5,000 die. [1] September 21 * Jacqueline Susann, author (Valley of the Dolls), dies at age 53 of cancer. [1] * US Mariner 10 makes second fly-by of Mercury. [1] * Walter Brennan, actor, dies at age 80. [1] September 23 * Cliff Arquette, comedian "Charlie Weaver", dies at age 68. [1] September 25 * William Sloane, publisher/writer ("The Edge of Running Water"), dies. [1] September 28 * US First Lady Betty Ford undergoes a radical mastectomy. [1] October 3 * Bundy victim (?) Nancy Wilcox disappears in Salt Lake City, Utah. [1] * Watergate trial begins. [1]

541

October 10 * Canadian John Hathaway begins two-year ride of 50,600 miles. [1] October 13 * Ed Sullivan, TV host (The Ed Sullivan Show), dies at age 73. [1] October 15 * National Guard mobilizes to restore order in Boston school busing. [1] October 31 * Bundy victim (?) Laura Aime disappears in Utah. [1] November 1 * Fire kills 189 in less than 25 minutes (Sao Paulo, Brazil). [1] November 5 * Ella Grasso (Connecticut) elected first woman US governor not related to previous governor. [1] * Stafford Repp, actor (Chief O'Hara - Batman), dies at age 56. [1] * Walter E Washington becomes first elected mayor of Washington DC. [1] November 8 * Bundy victim (?) Debi Kent disappears in Salt Lake City, Utah. [1] November 11 * Jane Ace, comedian (Easy Aces), dies at age 74. [1] November 13 * Karen Silkwood killed in a car crash under suspicious circumstances. [1] November 16 * First intentional interstellar radio message sent, Arecibo telescope towards M 41, a cluster of stars some 25,000 light years away. [1] November 20

542

* The United States Department of Justice files its final anti-trust suit against AT&T, which leads to the break up of AT&T and its Bell System. [5] November 22 * Lake Buena Vista Club opens. [1] November 24 * Charles Quinlivan, actor (Frank - Mr Garland), dies at age 50. [1] November 25 * U Thant, United Nations Secretary-General (1961-72), dies in New York of cancer at age 65. [1] November 26 * Approximately 140 die when suspension bridge collapses (Nepal). [1] November 30 * Donald Johanson, Maurice Taieb, Yves Coppens, and Tim White discover Lucy (Australopithecus) in the Middle Awash of Ethiopia's Afar Depression. [5] December 1 * Boeing 727 crashes in Upperville, Virginia, 92 die. [1] * Lajos Zilahy, Hungarian/US author (Angry Angel), dies at age 83. [1] * Los Angeles Skid Row slasher kills first of eight. [1] * Stephen Gill Spottswood, US bishop/chairman (NAACP), dies at age 77. [1] December 2 * Sofie-Carmen Eckhardt-Gramatte, composer, dies at age 72. [1] * Soyuz 16 launched into Earth orbit for six days. [1] December 4 * Dutch DC-8 charter crashes in Sri Lanka killing 191 Muslim pilgrims. [1] * Jean-Paul Sartre visits RAF leader Andreas Baader in prison. [1] * Lee Kinsolving, actor (Explosive Generation), dies at age 36. [1] December 5 * Monty Python's Flying Circus final episode airs on BBC. [1]

543

* Airport terminal roof collapses killing 17 (Teheran, Iran). [1] * Henry Wadsworth, actor (Applause, Ceiling Zero), dies at age 72. [1] * Pietro Germi, actor/director (Serafino, Climax), dies at age 60. [1] December 8 * Greek monarchy rejected by referendum. [1] * Hugues Panassié, French jazz saxophonist/author, dies at age 62. [1] * Irish Republican Socialist Party forms. [1] * Soyuz 16 returns to Earth. [1] December 9 * Johnson Grigsby freed after 66 years in jail. [1] * Jorge Croner de Vasconcelos, composer, dies at age 64. [1] December 10 * European Economic Community calls for a European Parliament. [1] * Helios 1 launched by US, Germany; later makes closest flyby of Sun. [1] * Paul Richards, actor (Dr Thompson-Breaking Point), dies at age 50. [1] December 11 * Reed Hadley, actor (Racket Squad, Public Defender), dies at age 63. [1] December 13 * Malta becomes a republic. [1] * Rufe Davis, actor (Floyd Smoot - Petticoat Junction), dies at age 66. [1] December 14 * Walter Lippmann, US journalist (One of Dynasty), dies at age 85. [1] December 15 * Erich Walter Sternberg, composer, dies at age 83. [1] * Harry Hershfield, cartoonist (Can You Top This?), dies at age 89. [1] December 16 * Kostas Varnalis, writer, dies. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1]

544

December 19 * Film The Man With the Golden Gun premieres in theaters in the US. [1] * Nelson A Rockefeller sworn-in as the 41st Vice-President. [1] December 20 * André Jolivet, French composer (L'eunuque), dies at age 69. [1] * Ethiopia becomes socialist one-party state. [1] December 21 * Richard Long, actor (Professor - Nanny and the Professor), dies at age 47. [1] December 22 * Second cease-fire between Irish Republican Army and British; lasts until approximately April 1975. [1] * Fosco Giachetti, entertainer, dies at age 70. [1] * Lorraine Gauguin, entertainer, dies at age 50. [1] * Referenda in Comoros: three islands vote for independence, one stays French. [1] December 23 * Leningrad: premiere of Dmitri Shostakovich's Michelangelo-liederen. [1] December 24 * Tilly Losch, actress (Duel in the Sun, Good Earth), dies at age 70. [1] December 25 * Cyclone Tracy virtually destroys Darwin, Australia. [1] December 26 * Jack Benny, comedian (Jack Benny Show), dies at age 80. [1] * Knudage Riisager, composer, dies at age 77. [1] * Robert Levine Sanders, composer, dies at age 68. [1] December 27 * Amy Vanderbilt, US author (Complete book of etiquette), dies at age 66. [1] * Dear Abby show ends run on CBS radio after 11 years. [1] * FSLN (Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional/Sandinista National Liberation Front) seizes government hostages at a private Managua party. [1]

545

* Raymond Glenn, actor (Raisin in the Sun, Carmen Jones), dies at age 76. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] December 28 * 6.3 earthquake strikes Pakistan; 5200 killed. [1] December 29 * Murray Schisgal's "All Over Town" premieres in New York City, New York. [1] December 30 * The Beatles are legally disbanded (4 years after suit was brought). [1] December 31 * Gold legal in US, Franklin Mint strikes Panamá's Gold 100 balboa coin. [1] * Lindsey Buckingham and Stevie Nicks join Fleetwood Mac music group. [1] * Popular Electronics magazine displays Altair 8800 computer. [1] * Zora Arkus-Duntov officially resigns from Chevrolet, replaced by David McLellan. [8]

546

1975 January 1 * Arthur Pierson, actor/director (Hat Check Girl), dies at age 73. [1] * Haldeman, Ehrlichman, Mitchell and Mardian convicted of Watergate crime. [1] * International Women's Year begins. [1] * Sweden adopts its constitution. [1] January 2 * US Department of Interior designates grizzly bear a threatened species. [1] January 3 * Milton J Cross, TV announcer (New York Metropolitan Opera Auditions), dies at age 87. [1] * Robert Neumann, Austrian/British author (False Flag), dies at age 77. [1] * Walter Linck, Swiss sculptor, dies at age 71. [1] January 4 * Carlo Levi, Italian writer (Parole Sono Pietre), dies at age 72. [1] * US President Gerald Ford signs Executive Order No. 11828 on US Central Intelligence Agency Activities within the US. [1] * Ice thickness measured at 4776 m, Wilkes Land, Antarctica. [1] January 5 * The Wiz opens at Majestic Theater in New York City, New York for 1672 performances. [1] * Fourteen die when British freighter Lake Illawarra rams pylon bridge between Derwent and Hobart, Tasmania and ship sinks. [1] * Salyut 4 with crew of two is launched for 30 days. [1] January 6 * Wheel Of Fortune debuts on NBC-TV. [1] * AM America premieres on ABC-TV with Bill Beutel as host. [1] * Noel Madison, actor (Jitterbugs, Black Raven), dies at age 77. [1] January 7 * Bollingen Prize for poetry awarded to AR Ammons (Sphere). [1] * Gary Geld and Peter Udell's musical Shenandoah premieres at Alvin Theater in New York City, New York for 1050 performances. [1]

547

* Led Zeppelin fans riot before Boston concert, causing US$30,000 damage. [1] January 8 * Anthony Warde, actor (Big Punch, Buck Rogers), dies at age 66. [1] * Gertrude Olmsted, actress (Cobra, Torrent), dies at age 70. [1] * John Dierkes, actor (Red Badge of Courage), dies at age 69. [1] * John Gregson, actor (Rooney, Assassin), dies at age 55. [1] * US Judge Sirica orders release of Watergate's John W Dean III, Herbert W Kalmbach and Jeb Stuart Magruder from prison. [1] * Louis J H C A de Bourbon, Dutch writer/poet (Gypsy Blood), dies at age 66. [1] * Richard Tucker [Reuben Ticker], US tenor (La Gioconda), dies at age 61. [1] January 9 * 600 employees of Royal Canadian Mint go on strike. [1] * John Slater, actor (Deadlock, Three on a Spree), dies at age 58. [1] * Pierre Fresnay, French actor (Monsieur Vincent), dies at age 77. [1] January 11 * Soyuz 17 carries two cosmonauts to space station Salyut 4. [1] January 12 * Caryn Campbell, Bundy victim, disappears from Snowmass, Colorado, USA. [1] * Chrysler Corp offers first car rebates. [1] January 14 * USSR breaks trade agreement with US. [1] January 15 * Portugal signs accord for Angola's independence. [1] * Space Mountain opens at Disneyland in Anaheim, California. [1] January 18 * The Jeffersons spin-off from All in the Family premieres on CBS. [1] January 19 * Four mail truck assault on El Al B-747 in Paris, escape to Iraq. [1] * Thomas Hart Benson, US artist, dies at age 85. [1]

548

January 20 * Franz André, Belgian conductor, dies at age 81. [1] January 21 * Marie Lohr, actress (Pygmalion, Small Hotel, Escapade), dies at age 84. [1] January 22 * Klaas Voskuil, Dutch journalist, dies at age 79. [1] * Landsat 2, an Earth Resources Technology Satellite, launched. [1] January 23 * Barney Miller premieres on ABC TV. [1] * Karel Paul van der Mandele, director (Rotterdam Bank), dies at age 94. [1] January 24 * Hot l Baltimore situation comedy premieres on ABC TV. [1] * Fastest Earth-bound object, 7200 kph, in vacuum centrifuge, England. [1] * Larry Fine, actor (The Three Stooges), dies at age 72. [1] January 25 * Bangladesh parliament disposes of premier sheik Mujib ur-Rahman. [1] * Vivien Kellems, TV hostess (The Power of Women), dies at age 78. [1] January 26 * Lubov Orlova, actress (Moscow Laughs, Man of Music, Tanya), dies at age 72. [1] January 28 * Antonin Novótny, Czechoslovakian President (1957-68), dies at age 70. [1] January 29 * First Annual Comedy Awards of the Year hosted by Alan King. [1] January 30 * Boris Blacher, German composer (Purloined Letter), dies at age 72. [1] January 31

549

* Barry Manilow's "Mandy" goes gold. [1] February 1 * Otis Francis Tabler is first open homosexual to get security clearance to work for the US Defense Department. [1] * Richard Wattis, actor (Dick and the Duchess, Liberace), dies at age 62. [1] February 2 * Army offensive against rebels in Eritrea, Ethiopia. [1] February 3 * John Secondari, newscaster (Open Hearing), dies at age 55. [1] * Robert Evett, composer, dies at age 52. [1] February 6 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] February 7 * Brendan Fay, actor (Hustler, Man on a Swing), dies at age 54. [1] February 8 * 1800 Unification church couples wed in Korea. [1] * Martyn Green, actor (Gilbert and Sullivan, Mikado), dies at age 75. [1] February 9 * Constant Burniaux, Belgian art historian (L'amour Vivre), dies at age 82. [1] * Soyuz 17 returns to Earth. [1] February 11 * Margaret Thatcher defeats Edward Heath for Conservative leadership. [1] February 13 * Cyprus premier Denktash proclaims Turkish-Cypriot Federation. [1] * Dagmar Godowsky, actress (Common Law, Red Lights), dies at age 78. [1] * Eric Harding Thiman, composer, dies at age 74. [1] * Henry P Van Dusen, US protestant theologist, dies at age 77. [1]

550

February 14 * Bomb explodes at annex of Amsterdam metro station, Netherlands. [1] * Heintje Davids [Hendrika David], Dutch cabaret artist, dies at age 87. [1] * Julian S Huxley, English scholar/director-general (UNESCO), dies at age 87. [1] * Pelham G Wodehouse, English/US writer (Piccadilly Jim), dies at age 93. [1] February 15 * Pelham G Wodehouse, writer, dies. [1] February 18 * Chivu Stoica, premier of Romania (1955-61), dies at age 66. [1] * Italy broadens abortion law. [1] * Luigi Dallapiccola, composer, dies. [1] * Raymond Moley, US advisor to President Roosevelt "Brain Trust", dies at age 88. [1] February 19 * Luigi Dallapiccola, Italian 12-tone composer, dies at age 71. [1] February 20 * Edgar "Cookie" Fairchild, bandleader (Jerry Colonna Show), dies at age 76. [1] * Lillian Fontaine, actress (Suddenly it's Spring), dies at age 88. [1] * Margaret Thatcher elected leader of British Conservative Party. [1] * Robert Strauss, actor (Sergeant Gruzewsky - Mona McCluskey), dies at age 61. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] February 21 * John Mitchell, H R Haldeman, and John D Ehrlichman sentenced to 2.5-8 years. [1] February 24 * Nikolai A Bulganin, marshal/premier of USSR (1955-58), dies at age 79. [1] February 25 * Elijah Muhammad, leader of the Nation of Islam, dies in Chicago, Illinois, at age 77. [1] February 26

551

* First televised kidney transplant (Today Show). [1] February 27 * CDU-politician Peter Lorentz kidnapped in West Berlin. [1] * US House of Representatives pass US$21.3 billion anti-recession tax-cut bill. [1] February 28 * 40 killed in London Undergroud, as train speeds past final stop. [1] * EG signs accord of Lomé with 46 developing countries. [1] * Istvan Kardos, composer, dies at age 83. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] March 1 * 17th Grammy Awards: "I Honestly Love You", Marvin Hamlisch win. [1] * Eagles' song "Best of My Love" reaches #1. [1] March 2 * Jean Kurt Forest, composer, dies at age 65. [1] March 3 * László Németh, Hungarian physician/author (Galilei/Iszony), dies at age 73. [1] March 7 * Ben Blue, actor (Accidental Family, Frank Sinatra Show), dies at age 73. [1] * Francine Larrimore, actress (John Meade's Woman), dies at age 76. [1] * US Senate revises filibuster rule, allows 60 senators to limit debate. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] March 8 * George Stevens, American film director (Swing Time, Gunga Din), dies at age 70. [1] * Royal Canadian Mint announces branch opening in Winnipeg, Manitoba. [1] March 9 * Joseph Dunninger of New York City, New York, mentalist (Amazing Dunninger), dies at age 82. [1] * Shirley Ross, actress (Night Vision, Mindkiller), dies at age 62. [1]

552

March 10 * Rocky Horror Picture Show opens at Belasco Theater, New York City for 45 performances. [1] * Dog spectacles patented in England. [1] * Leopold Samuel, composer, dies at age 91. [1] March 11 * Philip Bezanson, composer, dies at age 59. [1] * Portugal military coup under General Spinola fails. [1] * Sammy Spear, orchestra leader (Dom Deluise Show), dies at age 65. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] * Walter Kinsella, actor (Happy - Martin Kane Private Eye), dies at age 74. [1] March 12 * Vietcong conquer Ban me Thuot, South Vietnam. [1] March 13 * Ali Sastroamidjojo, Indonesian attorney/minister/premier, dies at age 71. [1] * Ivo Andric, Yugoslavian author (Nemiri-Nobel Prize 1961), dies at age 82. [1] * Jean Del Val, actor (Sainted Devil, Flying Deuces), dies at age 83. [1] * Ruth Schaumann, German author/painter/sculptor, dies at age 75. [1] March 14 * Susan Hayward, actress (Young and Willing), dies at age 56. [1] March 15 * Aristotle S Onassis, Greek shipping magnate, dies at age 69. [1] * Bundy victim Julie Cunningham disappears from Vail, Colorado. [1] March 16 * T-Bone Walker, blues guitarist (Funky Town, Well Done), dies at age 64. [1] * US Mariner 10 makes third and final fly-by of Mercury. [1] March 18 * Kurds end fight against Iraqi army. [1] March 21

553

* Berend Giltay, composer, dies at age 64. [1] * Ethiopia ends monarchy after 3000 years. [1] * Ralph Hawtrey, economist (multiplier), dies at age 95. [1] March 22 * Cass Daley, actress (Red Garters), dies at age 59. [1] * Paul Verhoeven, German director, dies at age 73. [1] * Teach-In wins Eurovision Song Festival with "Dinge-Dong". [1] * Walt Disney World Shopping Village opens. [1] March 24 * Muriel Hutchinson, actor (Another Thin Man), dies at age 60. [1] * Oscar Rasbach, composer, dies at age 86. [1] March 25 * Faisal ibn Abd al-Aziz, king of Saudi-Arabia (1964-75), shot to death by nephew. [1] March 26 * Rock opera Tommy by The Who premieres in London, England. [1] * Faisal ibn Abd al-Aziz, king of Saudi-Arabia (1964-75), murdered at age 68. [1] March 27 * Arthur Bliss, English composer/conductor (Checkmate), dies at age 83. [1] * Gertrude Niesen, actress (Start Cheering), dies at age 63. [1] March 28 * Renzo Massarani, composer, dies at age 77. [1] March 30 * Peter Bamm, writer, dies. [1] April 1 * Cambodia President Lon Nol flees for Red Khmer. [1] * Eugeen Yoors, Flemish draftsman/glass painter, dies at age 95. [1] April 3 * Bobby Fischer stripped of world chess title for refusing to defend. [1]

554

* Mary Ure, actress (Sons and Lovers, Where Eagles Dare), dies at age 42. [1] April 4 * USAF transport carrying orphans from Saigon, Vietnam crashes killing 155. [1] * Microsoft is founded as a partnership between Bill Gates and Paul Allen. [5] April 5 * Chiang Kai-shek, Nationalist Chinese leader, dies from a heart attack at age 87. [1] * Soyuz 18A launch aborted short of orbit; cosmonauts return safely. [1] * Victor Marijnen, Dutch premier (1963-65), dies at age 58. [1] April 6 * Bundy victim Denise Oliverson disappears from Grand Junction, Colorado. [1] April 8 * 47th Academy Awards - Godfather II, Ellen Burstyn and Art Carney win. [1] April 10 * Marjorie Main, actress (Ma and Pa Kettle), dies at age 85. [1] * Sophia JW "Sophie" Hermse, actress (But a Dream), dies at age 86. [1] * Walker Evans, US photographer (Fortune Magazine), dies at age 71. [1] April 12 * Joséphine Baker, US/French revue artist (Folies-Bergère), dies at age 68. [1] April 13 * Chad military coup by General Odingar. [1] * Christian Falange kills 27 Palestinians, begins Lebanese civil war. [1] * Larry Parks, actor (Jazz Singer), dies at age 60. [1] * N'garta Tombalbaye, President of Chad, dies. [1] April 14 * Fredric March, actor (Inherit the Wind, The Iceman Cometh, Death of a Salesman), dies from cancer at age 77. [1] April 15 * Gabon amends constitution. [1]

555

* John B McKay, US test pilot (X-15), dies. [1] * Richard Conte, actor (Four Just Men, Jean Arthur Show), dies at age 65. [1] April 17 * Phnom Penh falls to Communist insurgents, ending Cambodia's five-year war. [1] April 18 * Rob Touber [Robert J Noordervliet), chansonnier/director, dies at age 38. [1] April 19 * India launches first satellite with help of USSR. [1] April 20 * 29th Tony Awards: Equus and The Wiz win. [1] April 21 * Jack Allan Westrup, composer, dies at age 70. [1] * Last South Vietnam President Nguyen Van Thieu resigns after 10 years. [1] April 22 * Mary Philips, actress (Farewell to Arms), dies at age 75. [1] April 23 * Pete Ham, rocker (Badfinger), commits suicide by hanging himself at age 27. [1] * R D Brinkmann, writer, dies. [1] April 24 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * William Hartnell, actor (Jackpot, This Sporting Life, Doctor Who), dies at age 67. [1] April 25 * First Boeing Jetfoil revenue service, Hong Kong to Macao. [1] * Mario Soares' Socialist Party wins first free election in Portugal. [1] * USSR performs underground nuclear test. [1] * West German embassy blown-up in Stockholm, Sweden. [1] April 27

556

* Nicholas Soussanin, actor (Last Command), dies at age 86. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] April 28 * Jan A de Jonge, Dutch historian, dies at age 48. [1] * South Vietnam General Duong Van Minh sworn in as president till April 30. [1] April 29 * Charles McMahon Jr, US USMC lance corporal, killed in Vietnam. [1] * Darwin Judge, USMC-corporal, one of last US soldiers killed in Vietnam. [1] * Ethiopia nationalizes all ground/earth. [1] * Michael John Shea, USMC-Lieutenant/pilot, one of last soldiers killed in Vietnam. [1] * William Craig Nystul, USMC Captain, one of last US soldiers killed in Vietnam. [1] April 30 * Last US helicopter leaves US embassy grounds in Vietnam; Saigon surrenders. During the decade of fighting, 58,000 American soldiers died. [1] [35] May 1 * United Aircraft changes its company name to United Technologies Corporation. [228] May 2 * Apple Records closes down. [1] May 3 * Samuel Gonard, chairman (International Red Cross), dies at age 78. [1] May 4 * Moe Howard [Moses Horowitz], comedian (The Three Stooges), dies at age 77. [1] May 5 * Pulitzer prize awarded to Michael Shaara (Killer Angels). [1] May 6

557

* Bundy victim Lynette Culver disappears from Pocatello, Idaho. [1] * Early warnings provided by REACT (ham radio operators) means only three people die in tornado that strikes Omaha, Nebraska. [1] * József Mindszenty [Joseph Prehm], Hungarian cardinal, dies at age 83. [1] May 7 * US President Gerald Ford declares an end to "Vietnam Era". [1] * Small Astronomy Satellite Explorer 53 launched to study X-rays. [1] May 11 * Israel signs an agreement with European Economic Market. [1] May 12 * US merchant ship Mayaguez seized by Cambodian forces. [1] May 13 * Bob Wills, actor (Lone Prairie), dies at age 69. [1] May 14 * French press reports massive deportation from Cambodia. [1] * US forces raid Cambodian island of Koh Tang to free Mayaguez ship. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] May 16 * Junko Tabei becomes the first woman to summit Mount Everest. [5] * India annexes Principality of Sikkim. [1] * Michael X [Abdul Malik] is hanged in Trinidad for murder. [1] May 17 * NBC pays US$5 million for rights to show Gone with the Wind one time. [1] May 18 * Leroy Anderson, composer, dies at age 66. [1] May 19 * In Los Angeles, California, the 27th Annual Emmy Awards (primetime programming) are presented.

558

o Outstanding Lead Actor in a Special Program - Drama or Comedy: Laurence Olivier for Love Among the Ruins o Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series: Robert Blake for Baretta o Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series: Tony Randall for The Odd Couple o Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series: Peter Falk for the Columbo series of The NBC Mystery Movie o Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series: Jean Marsh for Upstairs, Downstairs o Outstanding Lead Actress in a Special Program - Drama or Comedy: Katharine Hepburn for Love Among the Ruins o Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series: Jessica Walter for Amy Prentiss o Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series: Valerie Harper for Rhoda o Outstanding Continuing or Single Performance by a Supporting Actor in Variety or Music: Jack Albertson for Cher o Outstanding Single Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Comedy or Drama Special: Anthony Quayle for QB VII o Outstanding Continuing Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Drama Series: Will Geer for The Waltons o Outstanding Single Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Comedy or Drama Series: Patrick McGoohan for Columbo: By Dawn's Early Light o Outstanding Continuing Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series: Edward Asner for Mary Tyler Moore o Outstanding Continuing Performance by a Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series: Betty White for Mary Tyler Moore o Outstanding Continuing or Single Performance by a Supporting Actress in Variety or Music: Cloris Leachman for Cher o Outstanding Single Performance by a Supporting Actress in a Comedy or Drama Special: Juliet Mills for QB VII o Outstanding Continuing Performance by a Supporting Actress in a Drama Series: Ellen Corby for The Waltons o Outstanding Single Performance by a Supporting Actress in a Comedy or Drama Series: Zohra Lampert for episode Queen of the Gypsies of Kojak and Cloris Leachman for episode Phyllis Whips Inflation of Mary Tyler Moore o Outstanding Directing in a Comedy-Variety or Music Series: Dave Powers for The Carol Burnett Show o Outstanding Directing in a Comedy Series: Gene Reynolds for episode O.R.. of M*A*S*H o Outstanding Directing in a Drama Series: Bill Bain for episode A Sudden Storm of Upstairs, Downstairs o Outstanding Directing in a Special Program - Drama or Comedy: George Cukor for Love Among the Ruins o Outstanding Directing in a Comedy-Variety or Music Special: Bill Davis for An Evening with John Denver o Outstanding Achievement in Technical Direction: Ernie Buttelman, Jim Angel, Jim Balden, Ron Brooks, and Art LaCombe for The Missiles of October

559

o Outstanding Writing in a Special Program - Drama or Comedy - Original Teleplay: James Costigan for Love Among the Ruins o Outstanding Writing in a Comedy-Variety or Music Series: Ed Simmons, Gary Belkin, Roger Beatty, Arnie Kogen, Bill Richmond, Gene Perret, Rudy De Luca, Barry Levinson, Dick Clair, and Jenna McMahon for The Carol Burnett Show o Outstanding Writing in a Drama Series: Howard Fast for episode The Ambassador of Benjamin Franklin o Outstanding Writing in a Comedy-Variety or Music Special: Bob Wells, John Bradford, Cy Coleman for Shirley MacLaine: If They Could See Me Now o Outstanding Writing in a Special Program - Drama or Comedy - Adaptation: David W. Rintels for Clarence Darrow o Outstanding Writing in a Comedy Series: Ed Weinberger and Stan Daniels for episode Mary Richards Goes to Jail of Mary Tyler Moore o Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography for Entertainment Programming for a Series: Richard C. Glouner for Columbo: Playback o Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography for Entertainment Programming for a Special: David M. Walsh for Queen of the Stardust Ballroom o Outstanding Individual Achievement in Art Direction or Scenic Design - For a Single Episode of a Comedy, Drama or Limited Series: Charles Lisanby and Robert Checchi for episode The Ambassador of Benjamin Franklin o Outstanding Achievemnet in Art Direction or Scenic Design - For a Single Episode of a Comedy-Variety or Music Series or a Comedy-Variety or Music Special: Robert Kelly and Robert Checchi for Cher o Outstanding Achievement in Costume Design: Guy C. Verhille for The Legend of Lizzie Borden and Margaret Furse for Love Among the Ruins o Outstanding Achievement in Film or Tape Sound Mixing: Marshall King for The American Film Institute Salute to James Cagney o Outstanding Film Editing for Entertainment Programming for a Special: Byron 'Buzz' Brandt and Irving Rosenblum for QB VII and John A. Martinelli for The Legend of Lizzie Borden o Outstanding Achievement in Video Tape Editing: Gary Anderson and Jim McElroy for Judgment: The Court Martial of Lieutenant William Calley o Outstanding Film Editing for Entertainment Programming for a Series - For a Single Episode of a Comedy Series: Douglas Hines for episode An Affair To Forget of Mary Tyler Moore o Outstanding Film Editing for Entertainment Programming for a Series - For a Single Episode of a Drama Series: Donald R. Rode for episode Mirror, Mirror On The Wall of Petrocelli o Outstanding Achievement in Film Sound Editing: Marvin I. Kosberg, Richard Burrow, Milton C. Burrow, Jack Milner, Ron Ashcroft, James Ballas, Josef von Stroheim, Jerry Rosenthal, William Andrews, Edward L. Sandlin, David M. Horton, Alvin Kajita, Tony Garber, and Jeremy Hoenack for QB VII o Outstanding Special - Comedy-Variety or Music: An Evening with John Denver o Outstanding Classical Music Program: Profile in Music: Beverly Sills Festival o Outstanding Achievement in Music Composition for a Special: Jerry Goldsmith for QB VII

560

o Outstanding Comedy-Variety or Music Series: The Carol Burnett Show o Outstanding Achievement in Music Composition for a Series: Billy Goldenberg for episode The Rebel of Benjamin Franklin o Outstanding Drama Series: Upstairs, Downstairs o Outstanding Limited Series: Benjamin Franklin o Outstanding Special - Drama or Comedy: The Law o Outstanding Achievement in Any Area of Creative Technical Crafts: Edie Panda for episode The Ambassador of Benjamin Franklin o Outstanding Achievement in Graphic Design: Phill Norman for QB VII o Special Classification of Outstanding Program and Individual Achievement: Masterpiece Theatre and The American Film Institute Salute to James Cagney o Outstanding Comedy Series: Mary Tyler Moore o Outstanding Children's Special: Yes, Virginia, There Is a Santa Claus o Outstanding Achievement in Choreography: Marge Champion for Queen of the Stardust Ballroom o Outstanding Achievement in Art Direction or Scenic Design - For a Dramatic Special or Feature Length Film Made for Television: Carmen Dillon and Tessa Davies for Love Among the Ruins [1] [219] * Farm truck packed with wedding party struck by a train, killing 66 in truck, 40 miles south of Poona, India. [1] * Junko Tabei is first woman to climb to the top of Mount Everest. [1] May 20 * Dame Barbara Hepworth, English sculptor, dies in fire at age 72. [1] * Jacques Stehman, composer, dies at age 62. [1] May 22 * The first legal numbers game in the USA is New Jersey State Lottery's "Pick-it", in which players choose their own 3-digit number in a daily drawing. [86.59] [187.388] * Torben Meyer, actor (Viking, Roberta, Sunny), dies at age 90. [1] May 23 * Jackie "Moms" Mabley, comedienne (Amazing Grace), dies at age 81. [1] May 24 * Dutch Government of De Uyl decides to obtain an F-16 fighter jet. [1] * Soyuz 18B carries two cosmonauts to space station Salyut 4. [1] May 27

561

* Worst motor vehicle disaster in United Kingdom; bus full of elderly women plunges from Dibble's Bridge in Yorkshire, killing 38. [1] May 28 * Eric Emerson, entertainer, dies. [1] * Roy Roberts, actor (Petticoat Junction, The Lucy Show), dies at age 75. [1] * Soyuz 18 launches. [1] May 30 * European Space Agency (ESA) forms. [1] * Michel Simon, actor (Panic, Plague, Two of Us), dies at age 80. [1] * Steve Prefontaine, middle-long distance runner, dies in one-car accident at age 24. [1] [5] June 1 * Ron Woods replaces Mick Taylor as Rolling Stones' guitarist. [1] June 3 * Ozzie Nelson, actor (Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet), dies at age 69. [1] [5] June 5 * Suez Canal reopens (after Six Day War caused it to close). [1] June 6 * British voters decide to remain in Common Market. [1] * Larry Blyden, actor (Joe and Mabel, What's My Line?), dies at age 49. [1] * Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam established. [1] June 8 * Two passenger trains collide near Munich, Germany, killing 35. [1] * USSR launches Venera 9 for Venus landing. [1] June 9 * E Roemer discovers asteroid #1983 Bok. [1] * Fire in prison hospital kills 10 prisoners and one guard (Sanford, Florida). [1] June 10

562

* Rockefeller panel reports on 300,000 illegal US Central Intelligence Agency files on Americans. [1] June 13 * Felix Aguilar Observatory discovers asteroid #2219 Mannucci. [1] June 14 * USSR launches Venera 10 for Venus landing. [1] June 16 * Randy Farland finds a 14-leaf clover near Sioux Falls, South Dakota. [1] June 17 * Voters in Northern Mariana Island approve commonwealth status with US. [1] June 18 * Faisal Ibn Mussed Abdul Aziz, Saudi prince, beheaded in Riyadh. [1] June 21 * Soyuz 19 returns to Earth. [1] June 23 * Rocker Alice Cooper falls off stage in Vancouver, breaks six ribs. [1] June 24 * Eastern Airlines Boeing 727 crashes at JFK Airport in New York, kills 113. [1] June 25 * Mozambique gains independence from Portugal (National Day). [1] June 26 * Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declares a state of emergency. [1] June 28 * Rod Serling, writer/host (Twilight Zone, Night Gallery), dies at age 60. [1]

563

June 29 * 20.57 cm (8.10 inches) of rainfall, Litchville, North Dakota (state 24-hr record). [1] June 30 * Cher, just four days after divorcing Sonny Bono, marries Gregg Allman. [1] July 1 * Felix Aguilar Observatory discovers asteroid #2680. [1] * WEDway People Mover inaugurated. [1] July 5 * Cape Verde Island gains independence after 500 years of Portuguese rule. [1] July 6 * Comoros declare independence from France (most of them). [1] July 7 * TV soap opera Ryan's Hope premieres. [1] * Juneau, Alaska, reaches a record high temperature: 90 degrees F. [32.22] July 8 * US President Gerald Ford announces he will seek Republican nomination for president. [1] * Earthquake damages over 2,000 temples in Pagan, Burma. [1] July 11 * L Chernykh discovers asteroid #2489 Suvorov. [1] July 12 * Sao Tomé e Príncipe gains independence from Portugal (National Day). [1] July 13 * 8.5 inches (21.6 cm) of rainfall in Dover, Delaware (US state record). [1] July 14

564

* EPCOT Center (Florida) plans announced. [1] July 15 * Soyuz 19 and Apollo 18 launched; rendezvous two days later. [1] July 17 * Apollo 18 and Soyuz 19 make first US/USSR linkup in space. [1] * Modoc the elephant dies at age 78 (oldest known nonhuman mammal). [1] July 19 * Apollo and Soyuz, linked in orbit for two days, separate. [1] July 22 * US House of Representatives votes to restore citizenship to General Robert E Lee. [1] July 24 * Apollo 18 returns to Earth. [1] July 25 * A Chorus Line, longest-running Broadway show (6,137), premieres. [1] July 26 * Soyuz 18B returns to Earth. [1] July 29 * Gerald Ford becomes first US president to visit Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz in Poland. [1] July 30 * Teamsters President Jimmy Hoffa disappears in suburban Detroit, Illinois. [1] August 1 * Helsinki Pact guaranteeing boundaries, rights is signed by 35 nations. [1] * Julian "Cannonball" Alderly, saxophone player, dies of a stroke. [1]

565

August 3 * 500 drown when two river boats collide and sink in China's West River. [1] * Louisiana Superdome is dedicated. [1] August 10 * David Frost purchases exclusive rights to interview US President Richard Nixon. [1] August 11 * Montreal Expos' Jose Mangual struck out five times in a game. [1] * US vetoes proposed admission of North and South Vietnam to United Nations. [1] August 15 * Sheikh Mujibur Rahiman of Bangladesh killed in a military coup. [1] August 17 * Sig Arno of Hamburg, Germany, actor (My Friend Irma), dies at age 80. [1] August 20 * Soviet-made Il-62 airliner crashes south of Damascus, Syria, killing 126. [1] * Viking 1 launched toward orbit around Mars, soft landing. [1] August 21 * Three-truck pile up kills 10, injures 26 on French highway. [1] August 23 * Hank Patterson, actor (Fred Ziffel - Green Acres), dies at age 87. [1] August 27 * The CBS TV network airs the last Mannix TV show in the USA. A total of 194 episodes aired. [179.614] * Haile Selassie, depossed Ethiopian emperor, dies at age 83. [1] August 29 * Eamon de Valera, Irish independence fighter, dies at age 92. [1] * Star in Cygnus goes nova becoming fourth brightest in sky. [1]

566

September 1 * CBS airs the last Gunsmoke TV show. A total of 633 episodes were broadcast over twenty years. [1] [179.403] September 3 * Chartered 707 crashes in Atlas Mountains of Morocco, 188 die. [1] September 4 * Walter Tetley, voice of Sherman - Bullwinkle Show, dies at age 60. [1] September 5 * Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme attempts to assassinate US President Gerald Ford in Sacramento, California. [1] September 6 * 6.8 earthquake along Anatolian Fault kills over 2,000 in Lice, Turkey. [1] September 8 * Boston, Massachusetts, begins court ordered bussing of public schools. [1] September 9 * John McGiver, actor (Patty Duke Show, Jimmy Stewart Show), dies at age 61. [1] * Viking 2 launched toward orbit around Mars, soft landing. [1] September 14 * Mother Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton canonized as first US-born saint. [1] September 16 * Papua New Guinea gains independence from Australia (National Day). [1] September 17 * Rollout of first space shuttle orbiter Enterprise (OV-101). [1] September 18

567

* FBI captures heiress/bank robber Patricia Campbell Hearst in San Francisco, California. [1] September 20 * David Bowie's "Fame" single goes #1 for two weeks. [1] September 22 * Sara Jane Moore tries to assassinate US President Gerald Ford in San Francisco, California. [1] September 24 * Ian Hunter, actor (Sir Richard - Robin Hood), dies at age 75. [1] September 25 * Bob Considine, newscaster (Tonight! America After Dark), dies at age 68. [1] September 28 * Sidney Fields, comedian (Abbott and Costello), dies at age 77. [1] September 30 * Five drown in flash flood of sewer and water tunnel (Niagara Falls, New York). [1] October 1 * Britain grants internal self-government to Seychelles. [1] * Ellice Islands split from Gilbert Islands, take name "Tuvalu". [1] * Reunion Island stops printing stamps, France takes over production. [1] October 6 * Henry Calvin, actor (Sgt Garcia - Zorro), dies at age 57. [1] October 9 * Emperor Hirohito of Japan visits San Francisco, California. [1] * Soviet dissident Andrei Sakharov wins Nobel Peace Prize. [1] October 10 * Israel formally signs Sinai accord with Egypt. [1]

568

October 11 * Saturday Night Live premieres with guest host George Carlin. [1] October 12 * Archbishop Oliver Plunkett becomes first Irish-born saint in seven centuries. [1] * NASA launches space vehicle S-195. [1] October 14 * President Ford escapes injury when his limousine is struck broadside. [1] October 17 * First Space Shuttle main engine test at National Space Tech Labs, Mississippi. [1] October 21 * Mexico City's first major subway accident takes 26 lives. [1] * Venera 9, first craft to orbit the planet Venus, launched. [1] October 22 * Soviet spacecraft Venera 9 soft-lands on Venus. [1] October 24 * Ismail Erez, Turkish ambassador, killed by car bomb in Paris, France. [1] October 25 * USSR's Venera 10 makes day-side Venus landing. [1] October 26 * Anwar Sadat becomes first Egyptian president to officially visit the US. [1] October 29 * John Scott Trotter, orchestra leader (George Gobel Show), dies at age 67. [1] * Yorkshire Ripper Peter Sutcliffer kills first. [1] October 30

569

* Juan Carlos assumes power in Spain. [1] * New York Daily News runs headline "Ford to City: Drop Dead". [1] October 31 * Joseph Calleia, actor (Jungle Book, Gilda), dies at age 78. [1] November 1 * Doro Merande, actress (That Was The Week That Was), dies at age 77. [1] November 10 * Ore ship Edmund Fitzgerald and crew of 29 lost in storm on Lake Superior. [1] * Palestinian Liberation Organization leader Yasser Arafat addresses United Nations in New York City. [1] * United Nations General Assembly approves resolution equating Zionism with racism. [1] November 11 * Angola gains independence from Portugal (National Day). [1] * Australian Prime Minister is removed by crown (first elected Prime Minister removed in 200 years). [1] * Marty May, comedian (TV show Fireball Fun For All), dies at age 79. [1] November 12 * Anthony Ross, TV host (Telltale Clue), dies at age 69. [1] * US Supreme Court Justice William O Douglas retires after 36 years. [1] November 14 * Spain abandons the Spanish Sahara. [1] November 20 * General Francisco Franco, Spain's dictator, dies in Madrid at age 82. [1] November 22 * Juan Carlos is proclaimed king of Spain. [1] November 25 * Netherlands grants Surinam independence (National Day). [1]

570

November 26 * US Federal jury finds Lynette Fromme guilty of attempted assassination. [1] November 27 * Ross McWhirter, Guinness Book of Records keeper, is murdered. [1] November 28 * East Timor declares itself independent from Portugal. [240.45] November 29 * Kilauea Volcano erupts in Hawaii. [1] November 30 * Dahomey becomes Benin. [1] December 1 * Nick Kenny, US columnist/songwriter (Nick Kenny Show), dies at age 80. [1] * US President Gerald Ford visits People's Republic of China. [1] December 2 * Seven South Moluccans hijack train at Wijster Drente, three killed. [1] * Laos falls to communist forces; King Sisavang Vatthana resigns, Lao People's Democratic Republic proclaimed. [1] December 3 * Jacob Kruijt, Dutch sociologist, dies at age 76. [1] December 4 * Six South Molukkans occupy Indonesian consulate in The Hague, one dead. [1] * Hannah Arendt, German/US sociologist, dies at age 69. [1] December 5 * Jimmy Nervo, actor (Frozen Limits), dies. [1] * NASA launches space vehicle S-196; it fails. [1]

571

December 6 * US President Gerald Ford and Secretary of State Henry Kissinger meet with Indonesian president Suharto, agreeing to a planned attack on East Timor. [240.45] December 7 * Hardie Albright, actress (Silver Streak, Scarlet Letter), dies at age 71. [1] * Indonesian army invades and occupies East Timor. [1] [240.45] * Thornton N Wilder, US writer (Bridge of San Luis Rey), dies at age 78. [1] [5] December 8 * Raisin closes at 46th Steet Theater in New York City after 847 performances. [1] December 9 * US President Gerald Ford signs US$2.3 billion loan-authorization for New York City. [1] * William A Wellman, US director (Ox Bow Incident), dies at age 79. [1] December 10 * Andrei Sakharov's wife Yelena Bonner accepts his Nobel Peace Prize. [1] December 12 * Gas stove explodes and starts fire killing 138 (Mecca, Saudi Arabia). [1] * Sara Jane Moore pleads guilty to trying to kill US President Gerald Ford. [1] December 13 * First time Saturday Night Live TV show uses a time delay (Richard Pryor hosts). [1] * Australian Conservatives and Liberals win parliamentary election. [1] * Cyril Delevanti, actor (Lucius-Jefferson Davis), dies at age 88. [1] * Hendrik Kruls, Dutch general/chief military authority (1944-46), dies at age 73. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] December 14 * Six South Moluccan terrorists surrender, after holding 23 hostages for twelve days. [1] * Arthur Treacher, TV announcer (Merv Griffin Show), dies at age 81. [1] December 15

572

* Mukhtar Ashrafi, composer, dies at age 63. [1] December 16 * First broadcast of One Day at a Time on CBS TV. [1] December 17 * Frank Sully, actor (Parachute Nurse, Inside the Law), dies at age 67. [1] * John Paul Stevens appointed to the US Supreme Court. [1] * Lynette Fromme is sentenced to life for attempt on US President Gerald Ford's life. [1] * Noble Sissle, jazz musician, dies at age 86. [1] December 19 * John Paul Stevens becomes a US Supreme Court Justice. [1] * Ron Wood joins music group The Rolling Stones. [1] December 20 * Joe Walsh recruited to join music group The Eagles. [1] * Pope Paul VI named J Willebrands archbishop of Utrecht. [1] * Vincent Lopez orchestra leader (Welcome Aboard), dies at age 76. [1] * William Lundigan of Syracuse, New York, actor (Climax), dies at age 61. [1] December 21 * Madagascar adopts constitution. [1] * William Lundigan, announcer (CBS Mystery Theater), dies at age 61. [1] December 23 * US Congress passes Metric Conversion Act. [1] * Richard S Welch, US Central Intelligence Agency station chief in Athens, Greece, shot dead. [1] December 24 * Bernard Herrmann, US movie composer, dies at age 64. [1] * Otto AP Fürst von Bismarck-Schönhausen, German diplomat, dies at age 78. [1] December 25 * Gaston Gallimard, French publisher (Library Gallimard), dies at age 94. [1]

573

December 26 * First supersonic transport service (USSR-Tupolev-144). [1] December 27 * Explosion at Chasnala Colliery collapses, drowning 350 (Dhanbad, India). [1] December 29 * Eleven killed, 75 hurt by terrorist bomb at LaGuardia Airport in New York City, New York. [1] December 30 * Constitution of Democratic Republic of Madagascar comes into force. [1] December 31 * Donal Michalsky, composer, dies at age 47. [1]

574

1976 January 1 * Liberty Bell moves to new home behind Independence Hall. [1] * NBC TV replaces the peacock logo. [1] * Venezuela nationalizes oil fields. [1] January 3 * Mal Evans, Beatles' roadie, dies. [1] * Mateusz Glinski, composer, dies at age 83. [1] * Michael V Love, US test pilot (X-24), dies in F-4 crash at age 37. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] January 4 * Candide closes at Broadway Theater in New York City, New York after 740 performances. [1] * Jan B Cammans, Flemish actor (Brothers Karamazov), dies at age 84. [1] January 5 * MacNeil-Lehrer Report premieres on PBS. [1] * Cambodia is renamed "Democratic Kampuchea". [1] * Georges E Migot, French composer, dies at age 84. [1] January 6 * People's Republic of China performs nuclear test at Lop Nor. [1] * Oscar Esplá, Spanish philosopher/composer (Sonata del Sur), dies at age 89. [1] January 8 * Chou En-lai, China's Prime Minister (1949-76), dies of cancer in Beijing at age 78. [1] * Franklin Mint strikes first gold coins for Netherlands Antilles. [1] January 9 * CW McCall CB song "Convoy" hit #1 on the country music charts. [1] January 10 * Chester Arthur Burnett, American blues pianist/harmonica player, dies at age 65. [1] * Howlin' Wolf, singer/guitarist, dies following brain surgery at age 65. [1]

575

January 11 * Military coup in Ecuador, President Guillermo Lara leaves. [1] January 12 * Agatha Christie, mystery writer (Ten Little Indians), dies at age 85. [1] * United Nations Security Council votes 11-1 to seat Palestine Liberation Organization. [1] January 13 * Margaret Leighton, British actress (Much ado about nothing), dies at age 53. [1] * Sarah Caldwell is first woman to conduct at New York's Metropolitan Opera House as she leads orchestra in a performance of "La Traviata". [1] January 14 * The Bionic Woman with Lindsay Wagner debuts on ABC (later NBC). [1] January 15 * Sara Jane Moore sentenced to life for attempting to shoot US President Gerald Ford. [1] * US-German Helios B solar probe launched into solar orbit. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakstan/Semipalatinsk. [1] January 16 * Donny and Marie [Osmond] musical variety show premieres on ABC TV. [1] * Peter Frampton releases live album "Frampton Comes Alive". [1] January 17 * "I Write the Songs" by Barry Manilow hits #1. [1] * Hermes rocket launched by European Space Agency. [1] January 18 * Sonia Dresdel, actor (Fallen Idol, Secret Tent), dies at age 67. [1] January 19 * Kevin Coughlin, actor (T R Ryan-Mama), killed in hit-and-run at age 30. [1]

576

January 21 * Supersonic Concorde, first commercial flights, by Britain and France. [1] January 22 * Bank robbery in Beirut, Lebanon, nets $20-50 million (record). [1] January 23 * Aleksey Vasilyevich Sorokin, Russian cosmonaut, dies at age 44. [1] * Paul Robeson, athlete/lawyer/singer, dies in Philadelphia at age 77. [1] January 26 * Belgium catholic elite start amnesty campaign for war criminals. [1] * Israel opens "Good Fence" to Lebanon. [1] January 27 * Laverne and Shirley, spin-off from Happy Days, premieres on ABC TV. [1] * Morocco-Algeria battles in Westerly Sahara. [1] January 28 * Chris Kenner, rocker (I Like it Like That), dies. [1] January 29 * Michael Gwynn, actor (Dunkirk, Barabbas, Cleopatra), dies at age 59. [1] * Zeiss planetarium in Hague, Netherlands, destroyed by fire. [1] January 30 * George Bush becomes 11th director of US Central Intelligence Agency (until 1977). [1] * Jesse "Lone Cat" Fuller, San Francisco Blues Great, dies at age 80. [1] * Mance Lipscomb, rocker, dies at age 80. [1] * William E Colby ends term as 10th director of US Central Intelligence Agency. [1] January 31 * "Love Rollercoaster" by Ohio Players hits #1. [1] February 1

577

* Rich Man, Poor Man mini-series premieres on ABC TV. [1] * Edgar Pangborn, sci-fi author (Judgment of Eve, Davy), dies at age 66. [1] * Werner C Heisenberg, physicist (Nobel Prize 1932, field theory), dies at age 74. [1] February 2 * Rich Little Show debuts on NBC-TV. [1] * Johan[nes A] Kaart, Dutch actor (My Fair Lady), dies at age 78. [1] * Maurice Jacobson, composer, dies at age 80. [1] February 4 * 7.5 earthquake kills 22,778 in Guatemala and Honduras. [1] * Edward Benjamin Britten, composer, dies at age 62. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] February 5 * Roger Livesey, actor (Drum, Vice Versa, Colonel Blimp), dies at age 69. [1] February 6 * Vince Guaraldi, jazz pianist (Charlie Brown TV specials), dies at age 43. [1] February 7 * World's largest telescope (600 cm) begins operation (USSR). [1] February 8 * Hua Guofeng becomes premier of People's Republic of China. [1] February 11 * Alice Allen, actress (Call of the Hills), dies. [1] * Charlie Naughton, actor (Frozen Limits), dies at age 89. [1] * Lee J Cobb actor (12 Angry Men, On the Waterfront), dies at age 64. [1] February 12 * James Clifton Williams, composer/band master (Sinfonians), dies at age 52. [1] * Sal Mineo, actor (Exodus, Rebel Without a Cause), stabbed at age 37. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] February 13

578

* General Murtala Mohammed, head of Nigeria, killed during a coup. [1] * Lily Pons, French/US soprano/opera diva (Metropolitan Opera), dies at age 71. [1] * Peter Casserly of New Zealand hand-sheers record 353 lambs in 9 holes. [1] February 14 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] February 17 * Jean Servais, Belgian actor (Every Man is My Enemy), dies at age 65. [1] * Johan[nes A] Card, actor/stage manager (My Fair Lady), dies at age 78. [1] * Macau adopts constitution (Organic Law of Macau). [1] February 18 * Anton Betzner, writer, dies at age 81. [1] * Eddie Dowling, composer (Anywhere USA), dies at age 81. [1] * Joseph Henabery, actor/director (Cobra), dies at age 88. [1] February 19 * Frente Polisario forms Democratic Republic of Sahara. [1] February 20 * Kathryn Kuhlman, religious leader/faith healer, dies. [1] February 21 * Cardinal Willebrands installed as archbishop of Utrecht. [1] * Frieda Inescort, Scottish actress (Meet Corliss Archer), dies at age 74. [1] February 22 * Angela Baddeley, actress (Mrs Kate Bridges - Upstairs, Downstairs), dies from pneumonia at age 71. [1] * Florence Ballard, rocker (Supremes), dies of a heart attack at age 32. [1] * Michael Polany, Hungarians/English chemist/sociologist, dies at age 84. [1] February 23 * Fuzzy Knight, actor (Gun Town, Ragtime Cowboy Joe), dies at age 74. [1] * L S Lowry, painter, dies. [1] February 24

579

* Charles Wilfred Orr, composer, dies at age 82. [1] * Cuba adopts its constitution. [1] * H Allen Smith, TV host (Armchair Detective), dies at age 68. [1] * Julian Rivero, actor (Via Pony Express), dies at age 85. [1] * Leonid Brezhnev opens 25th congress of CPSU. [1] February 26 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] February 27 * Final meeting between China's Mao tse Tung and US President Richard Nixon. [1] February 28 * 18th Grammy Awards: "Love Will Keep Us Together", Natalie Cole win. [1] * Ceuta and Melilla (Spanish Morocco) are last European African possession. [1] March 1 * Jean Martinon, French conductor/composer, dies at age 66. [1] March 2 * Bubbling Brown Sugar opens at ANTA Theater in New York City for 766 performances. [1] * Walt Disney World welcomes its 50 millionth guest. [1] March 3 * Alfred Sendrey, composer, dies at age 92. [1] * Mozambique closes border with Rhodesia. [1] March 5 * British pound sterling falls below US$2 for first time. [1] March 7 * Erwin Kroll, composer, dies at age 90. [1] * Morocco and Mauretania break diplomatic relations with Algeria. [1] March 8

580

* 1,774 kg (largest observed) stony meteorite falls in Jilin, China. [1] March 9 * First female cadets accepted to West Point Military Academy. [1] March 12 * South African troops leave Angola. [1] * Swedish King Carl XVI Gustaf announces his engagement to Silvia Renate Sommerlath of West Germany. [7] March 13 * Willy Alfredo [Willem Jue], Dutch comedian/poet, dies at age 77. [1] March 14 * Alberta Franklin, silent screen actress, dies at age 79. [1] * Busby Berkeley, US choreographer/director (Strike Up the Band), dies at age 80. [1] [5] * Martha Saalfeldt, writer, dies. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] March 15 * Failed coup in Nigeria. [1] March 16 * British premier Harold Wilson resigns. [1] March 17 * Luchino Visconti di Modrone, Italian director (Terra Diaeresis), dies at age 69. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] March 18 * James McCartney, father of Paul McCartney, dies at age 73. [1] * Robert de Roos, composer, dies at age 69. [1] March 19 * George Sklavos, composer, dies at age 87. [1] * Paul Kossoff, rock guitarist (Free), dies of heart failure at age 25. [1]

581

* Princess Margaret separates from the Earl of Snowdon, after 16 years. [1] March 20 * Michael Goodliffe, actor (Gorgon, 7th Dawn, Way Out), dies at age 61. [1] * Patricia Hearst convicted of armed robbery. [1] March 23 * International Bill of Rights goes into effect (35 nations ratify). [1] March 24 * Argentine President Isabel Perón deposed by country's military. [1] * Bernard L Montgomery, British General, defeated Rommel, dies at age 88. [1] * Nelson Case, TV host (Trash or Treasure), dies at age 66. [1] March 25 * My Fair Lady opens at Saint James Theater in New York City for 384 performances. [1] * Argentine military junta bans leftist political parties. [1] March 26 * Richard Arlen, actor (Apache Uprising, Wings), dies at age 75. [1] March 29 * Eight Ohio National Guardsmen indicted for shooting four Kent State students. [1] March 30 * Israel kills six Palestinians protesting land confiscation. [1] * Jacqueline Royaards-Sandberg, actress (Hostage Rights), dies at age 99. [1] March 31 * New Jersey Court rules Karen Anne Quinlan may be disconnected from respirator. [1] April 1 * Freddie Lennon, father of John Lennon (The Beatles), dies at age 63. [1] * Max Ernst, German/French surrealist painter/sculptor, dies at age 85. [1] * Miroslav Ponc, composer, dies at age 73. [1]

582

* Respected astronomer Patrick Moore first reports the "Jovian-Plutonian gravitational effect" (later found to be a hoax). [5] * S Constantine Timoshenko, Russian marshal, dies at age 75. [1] * Steven Jobs and Stephen Wozniak incorporate the Apple Computer Company, on April Fool's Day. [1] [4] [5] April 2 * Cambodia's Khieu Sampan succeeds prince Sihanouk as premier. [1] * Portuguese constitution assumed. [1] * Ray Teal, actor (Sheriff Roy Coffee - Bonanza), dies at age 74. [1] April 3 * France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island. [1] * Maurice Johnstone, composer, dies at age 75. [1] April 4 * Seni Pramoj's Democratic Party wins elections in Thailand. [1] April 5 * Harold Wilson resigns as James Callaghan becomes Prime Minister of England. [1] * Howard Hughes, reclusive billionaire, dies at age 72. [1] April 6 * First quadraphonic movie track: "Ladies and Gentlemen the Rolling Stones". [1] * Ruth P Thomson, writer, dies. [1] April 7 * Chinese Politburo fires vice-premier Deng Xiaoping. [1] * Mary Margaret McBride, TV hostess (Mary Margaret McBride), dies at age 76. [1] April 9 * Akio Yashiro, composer, dies at age 46. [1] * Phil Ochs, singer/producer (Draft Dodger Rag, Joe Hill), commits suicide at age 35. [1] * US and Russia agree on the size of nuclear tests for peaceful use. [1] April 12 * Paul Ford, actor (Phil Silvers Show), dies at age 74. [1]

583

April 13 * US Federal Reserve begins issuing $2 bicentennial notes. [1] April 14 * Gerard Romsée, Flemish nationalist, dies at age 74. [1] * Maude Prickett, actress (Rosie-Hazel), dies at age 60. [1] April 15 * Gerald Smith, antisemite/catholic (National Christian Crusade), dies at age 78. [1] April 17 * Jean-Jacques Gailliard, Belgian painter, dies at age 85. [1] April 18 * 30th Tony Awards: Travesties and Chorus Line win. [1] * Percy Julian, holder of more than 138 chemical patents, dies at age 78. [1] April 21 * International Nickel changes its company name to Inco. [228] * Swine Flu vaccine, for non-epidemic, enters testing. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] April 22 * Director Ingmar Bergman leaves Sweden due to taxation. [1] * Frutuoso de Lima Viana, composer, dies at age 79. [1] April 23 * James Flavin, actor (Man With a Camera), dies at age 69. [1] * Ronald Radd, actor (King Lear, Up Jumped a Swagman), dies at age 47. [1] * Shimen Ruskin, actor (Meyer-Corner Bar), dies at age 68. [1] April 24 * Mark Tobey, US abstract painter, (Broadway Norm), dies at age 85. [1] April 25

584

* Carol Reed, director (Agony and Ecstasy), dies. [1] * Elections in Vietnam for a National Assembly to reunite the country. [1] * Margaret Bannerman, actress (Great Defender), dies at age 79. [1] * Portugal adopts constitution. [1] April 26 * Allan Jackson, newscaster (Youth Takes a Stand), dies at age 60. [1] * Neil McCallum, actor (Pete-Saber of London), dies at age 45. [1] * Pan Am begins non-stop flights New York-Tokyo. [1] * Sidney James, actor (Lavander Hill Mob, Carry On), dies at age 65. [1] April 28 * Eugen Roth, writer, dies at age 81. [1] April 29 * Minister Irene Vorrink begins fluoridating Dutch drinking water. [1] * Wilhelm Maler, composer, dies at age 73. [1] April 30 * Edvard Fliflet Braein, composer, dies at age 51. [1] * Royal Canadian Mint opens a branch in Winnipeg, Manitoba. [3] May 1 * Rex O'Malley, actor (Camille, Zara, Midnight, Thief), dies at age 75. [1] May 3 * Panamá 747SP lands after record flight around world (46:26). [1] * Pulitzer prize awarded to Saul Bellow (Humboldt's Gift). [1] May 5 * Thomas Burnett Swann, sci-fi author (Day of Minotaur), dies at age 47. [1] * Train collision at Schiedam, Netherlands, kills 24. [1] May 6 * Karel Cruysberghs, Flemish author (On the Pulpit), dies at age 85. [1] May 9

585

* Raymond Chevreuille, Belgian composer, dies at age 74. [1] * Valentino Bucchi, composer, dies at age 59. [1] May 11 * Alvar Aalto, architect (Finlandia House), dies at age 78. [1] * Camille Schmit, composer, dies at age 68. [1] * J Anaya, Bolivian military/ambassador to France, is murdered. [1] May 14 * Keith Relf, rock vocalist (Yardbirds), electrocuted while tuning his guitar at age 33. [1] * Lowell Thomas ends 46 years as radio network reporter. [1] * Oil tanker Urqui Ola explodes off Spanish coast. [1] May 15 * Samuel Eliot Morison, American historian (Admiral of Ocean Sea), dies at age 88. [1] May 17 * Earthquake in Uzbekistan: thousands killed. [1] * In Los Angeles, California, the 28th Annual Emmy Awards (primetime programming) are presented, hosted by Mary Tyler Moore and John Denver. o Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama or Comedy Special: Anthony Hopkins for The Lindbergh Kidnapping Case o Outstanding Lead Actor for a Single Appearance in a Drama or Comedy Series: Edward Asner for Rich Man, Poor Man o Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series: Peter Falk for the Columbo series o Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series: Jack Albertson for Chico and the Man o Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series: Hal Holbrook for Lincoln o Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama or Comedy Special: Susan Clark for Babe o Outstanding Lead Actress for a Single Appearance in a Drama or Comedy Series: Kathryn Walker for episode John Adams, Lawyer of The Adams Chronicles o Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series: Michael Learned for The Waltons o Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series: Rosemary Harris for Notorious Woman o Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series: Mary Tyler Moore for Mary Tyler Moore o Outstanding Continuing Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Drama Series: Anthony Zerbe for Harry O o Outstanding Continuing or Single Performance by a Supporting Actor in Variety or Music: Chevy Chase for Saturday Night Live

586

o Outstanding Single Performance by a Supporting Actor in Comedy or Drama Special: Ed Flanders for A Moon for the Misbegotten o Outstanding Continuing Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series: Ted Knight for Mary Tyler Moore o Outstanding Single Performance by a Supporting Actor in Comedy or Drama Series: Gordon Jackson for episode The Beastly Hun of Upstairs, Downstairs o Outstanding Continuing Performance by a Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series: Betty White for Mary Tyler Moore o Outstanding Single Performance by a Supporting Actress in Comedy or Drama Series: Fionnula Flanagan for Rich Man, Poor Man o Outstanding Continuing or Single Performance by a Supporting Actress in Variety or Music: Vicki Lawrence for The Carol Burnett Show o Outstanding Continuing Performance by a Supporting Actress in a Drama Series: Ellen Corby for The Waltons o Outstanding Single Performance by a Supporting Actress in Comedy or Drama Special: Rosemary Murphy for Eleanor and Franklin o Outstanding Achievement in Technical Direction and Electronic Camerawork: Leonard Chumbley, Walter Edel, John Feher, and Steve Zink for The Adams Chronicles o Outstanding Directing in a Comedy Series: Gene Reynolds for episode Welcome to Korea of M*A*S*H o Outstanding Directing in a Drama Series: David Greene for Rich Man, Poor Man o Outstanding Achievement in Music Direction: Seiji Ozawa for Central Park in the Dark/A Hero's Life o Outstanding Directing in a Comedy-Variety or Music Series: Dave Wilson for Saturday Night Live o Outstanding Achievement in Lighting Direction: Bill Klages, Lon Stucky for Mitzi and a Hundred Guys and John Freschi for Mitzi... Roarin' in the 20's o Outstanding Directing in a Special Program - Drama or Comedy: Daniel Petrie for Eleanor and Franklin o Outstanding Directing in a Comedy-Variety or Music Special: Dwight Hemion for Steve and Eydie: Our Love Is Here to Stay o Outstanding Writing in a Special Program - Drama or Comedy - Original Teleplay: James Costigan for Eleanor and Franklin o Outstanding Writing in a Comedy-Variety or Music Series: Anne Beatts, Chevy Chase, Al Franken, Tom Davis, Lorne Michaels, Marilyn Suzanne Miller, Michael O'Donoghue, Herbert Sargent, Tom Schiller, Rosie Shuster, and Alan Zweibel for Saturday Night Live o Outstanding Writing in a Drama Series: Sherman Yellen for episode John Adams, Lawyer of The Adams Chronicles o Outstanding Writing in a Comedy-Variety or Music Special: Jane Wagner, Lorne Michaels, Ann Elder, Christopher Guest, Earl Pomerantz, Jim Rusk, Lily Tomlin, Rod Warren, and George Yanok for The Lily Tomlin Special o Outstanding Writing in a Special Program - Drama or Comedy - Adaptation: David W. Rintels for Fear on Trial o Outstanding Writing in a Comedy Series: David Lloyd for episode Chuckles Bites The Dust of Mary Tyler Moore

587

o Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography for Entertainment Programming for a Special: Paul Lohmann, Edward R. Brown for Eleanor and Franklin o Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography for Entertainment Programming for a Series: Harry L. Wolf for episode Keep Your Eye On The Sparrow of Baretta o Outstanding Achievement in Art Direction or Scenic Design - Single Episode of a Comedy, Drama or Limited Series: Tom H. John, John A. Wendell, and Wes Laws for Beacon Hill o Outstanding Achievement in Art Direction or Scenic Design - Single Episode of a Comedy-Variety or Music Series or a Comedy-Variety or Music Special: Raymond Klausen, Robert Checchi for Cher o Outstanding Achievement in Costume Design for a Drama Special: Joe I. Tompkins for Eleanor and Franklin o Outstanding Achievement in Costume Design for Music-Variety: Bob Mackie for Mitzi... Roarin' in the 20's o Outstanding Achievement in Costume Design for a Drama or Comedy Series: Jane Robinson and Jill Silverside for episode Recovery of Jennie: Lady Randolph Churchill o Outstanding Achievement in Film Sound Mixing: Don J. Bassman, Donald F. Johnson for Eleanor and Franklin o Outstanding Achievement in Tape Sound Mixing: Dave Williams for The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson o Outstanding Achievement in Film Editing for Entertainment Programming for a Series - For a Single Episode of a Comedy Series: Stanford Tischler and Fred W. Berger for episode Welcome to Korea of M*A*S*H o Outstanding Achievement in Film Editing for Entertainment Programming for a Series - For a Single Episode of a Drama or Limited Series: Samuel E. Beetley and Ken Zemke for episode The Quality of Mercy of Medical Story o Outstanding Achievement in Film Editing for Entertainment Programming for a Special: Michael Kahn for Eleanor and Franklin o Outstanding Achievement in Video Tape Editing for a Series: Girish Bhargava, Manford Schorn for The Adams Chronicles o Outstanding Achievement in Video Tape Editing for a Special: Nick Giordano for Alice Cooper: The Nightmare o Outstanding Achievement in Film Sound Editing - For a Single Episode of a Regular or Limited Series: Doug Grindstaff, Al Kajita, Marvin I. Kosberg, Hans Newman, Leon Selditz, Richard Friedman, Stan Gilbert, Hank Salerno, Larry Singer, and William Andrews for episode The Quality of Mercy of Medical Story o Outstanding Achievement in Film Sound Editing - For a Special Program: Charles L. Campbell, Lawrence E. Neiman, Colin C. Mouat, Larry Carow, Donald L. Warner Jr., John W. Singleton, Thomas McMullen, Joe Divitale, Carl Kress, John Kline, and John Hanley for The Night That Panicked America o Outstanding Comedy-Variety or Music Series: Saturday Night Live o Outstanding Achievement in Music Composition for a Series: Alex North for Rich Man, Poor Man o Outstanding Special - Comedy-Variety or Music: Gypsy in My Soul

588

o Outstanding Individual Achievement in Special Musical Material: Ken Welch, Mitzie Welch, and Arthur Malvin for Cinderella Gets It On of The Carol Burnett Show o Outstanding Classical Music Program: Bernstein and the New York Philharmonic of Great Performances o Outstanding Achievement in Music Composition for a Special: Jerry Goldsmith for Babe o Outstanding Special - Drama or Comedy: Eleanor and Franklin o Outstanding Achievement in Graphic Design and Title Sequences: Norman Sunshine for Addie and the King of Hearts o Outstanding Individual Achievement in Daytime Programming: Rene Lagler, Richard Harvey for Dinah! o Outstanding Comedy Series: Mary Tyler Moore o Outstanding Children's Special: Huckleberry Finn and You're a Good Sport, Charlie Brown o Outstanding Drama Series: Police Story o Outstanding Achievement in Make-Up: Del Armstrong and Michael Westmore for Eleanor and Franklin o Outstanding Limited Series: Upstairs, Downstairs o Special Classification of Outstanding Program and Individual Achievement: Bicentennial Minutes, Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman, and The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson o Outstanding Individual Achievement in Any Area of Creative Technical Crafts: Don Sahlin, Kermit Love, Caroly Wilcox, John Lovelady, and Rollin Krewson for Sesame Street and Jean Burt Reilly and Billy Laughridge for Eleanor and Franklin o Outstanding Edited Sports Series: ABC's Wide World of Sports o Outstanding Individual Achievement in Children's Programming: Bud Nolan and Jim Cookman for Bound for Freedom o Outstanding Individual Achievement in Religious Programming: Joseph J.H. Vadala for A Determining Force o Outstanding Achievement in Choreography: Tony Charmoli for Gypsy in My Soul o Outstanding Achievement in Art Direction or Scenic Design - Dramatic Special or Feature Length Film Made for TV: Jan Scott and Antony Mondello for Eleanor and Franklin o Special Award - Outstanding Achievement in Engineering: Eastman Kodak - For the development of Eastman Ektachrome Video News and Sony Corporation - For the Umatic video cassette concept o Citation - Outstanding Achievement in Engineering: Tektronix - For leadership in development of of equipment verifying television transmission performance in the vertical interval. [1] [220] May 19 * Gold ownership legalized in Australia. [1] * US Senate establishes permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. [1]

589

* USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] May 20 * USSR performs nuclear test at Sary Shagan. [1] May 21 * Sulo Nikolai Salonen, composer, dies at age 77. [1] May 22 * NASA launches space vehicle S-179. [1] May 24 * First commercial SST flight to North America (Concorde to Washington DC). [1] * Henk Lankhorst, pacifist/Dutch Member of Parliament (PSP), dies at age 62. [1] * Melle J Oldeboerrigter ("Melle"), painter/cartoonist, dies at age 65. [1] May 26 * Martin Heidegger, German philosopher (Holzweg), dies at age 86. [1] May 27 * Ruth McDevitt, actress (Jo - All in the Family), dies at age 80. [1] May 31 * Jacques Monod, French biochemist, dies. [1] * Martha Mitchell, wife of former Attorney General John Mitchell, dies in New York at age 57. [1] June 2 * Alan Dewitt, actor (Mr Tyler - It's About Time), dies at age 52. [1] June 3 * US presented with oldest known copy of Magna Carta. [1] June 5 * Teton Dam in Idaho burst causing $1 billion damage (14 die). [1]

590

June 6 * J Paul Getty, oil magnate, dies at age 83 in London, England. [1] [5] June 10 * 67,000 fans attends Wings concert at Seattle's Kingdome. [1] June 14 * Gong Show premieres on TV (syndication). [1] June 16 * Francis E Meloy Jr, US ambassador to Lebanon, kidnapped and killed. [1] * Student uprisings begin in Soweto, South Africa (Soweto Day). [1] June 19 * Swedish King Carl XVI Gustaf marries Silvia Sommerlath of Germany. [7] * US Viking 1 goes into Martian orbit after 10-month flight from Earth. [1] June 20 * Carl Fugate, Starkwether accomplice, paroled from prison. [1] June 26 * The CN Tower in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, the world's tallest (555 m) free-standing land-based structure, opens. (June 23 [1]) (June 26 [5]) June 29 * Seychelles gains independence from Britain. [1] [240.237] July 2 * Formal reunification of North and South Vietnam. [1] * US Supreme Court rules death penalty not inherently cruel or unusual. [1] July 4 * Raid on Entebbe-Israel rescues 229 Air France passengers. [1] July 6

591

* Soyuz 21 carries two cosmonauts to Salyut 5 space station. [1] July 7 * Viking 2 goes into orbit around Mars. [1] July 9 * Uganda asks United Nations to condemn Israeli hostage rescue raid on Entebbe. [1] July 12 * Ted Mack, TV host (Original Amateur Hour), dies at age 72. [1] July 13 * Courtmartial begins in USSR for Valeri Sablin (Hunt for Red October). [1] July 14 * Jimmy Carter wins Democratic presidential nomination in New York. [1] July 16 * Rock duo Loggins and Messina break-up after six years. [1] July 19 * Rock group Deep Purple disbands. [1] July 20 * US Viking 1 lands on Mars at Chryse Planitia, first Martian landing. [1] [5] July 21 * First outbreak of "Legionnaire's Disease" kills 29 in Philadelphia. [1] * Christopher Ewart-Biggs, British ambassador to Ireland is assassinated. [1] July 27 * Ray Brennan becomes first to die of "Legionnaire's Disease". [1] July 28 * 242,000 die in Tientsin-Tangshan (China) 8.2 earthquake. [1]

592

* Eldon Joersz and Geo Morgan set world air speed record of 3,530 kph. [1] July 31 * NASA releases the famous Face on Mars photo taken by Viking 1. [5] August 1 * Elizabeth Taylor's 6th divorce (re-divorces Richard Burton). [1] August 7 * Murvyn Vye, actor (Bob Cummings Show), dies at age 63. [1] * Scientists in Pasadena, California, announce Viking I found strongest indications to date of possible life on Mars. [1] * US Viking 2 goes into Martian orbit after 11-month flight from Earth. [1] August 8 * John Roselli, hired by US Central Intelligence Agency to kill Cuban leader Fidel Castro, found murdered. [1] August 9 * USSR launches Luna 24, last Lunar flight to date from Earth. [1] August 10 * Ray "Crash" Corrigan, cowboy (Crash Corrigan's Ranch), dies at age 74. [1] August 11 * Keith Moon, drummer for the Who, collapses and is hospitalized in Miami, Florida. [1] August 12 * First approach and lands test (ALT) of orbiter Enterprise. [1] August 17 * William Redfield, actor (Jimmy Hughes Rookie Cop), dies at age 48. [1] August 18 * USSR's Luna 24 soft-lands on Moon. [1]

593

August 19 * President Gerald R Ford wins Republican presidential nomination at Kansas City convention. [1] August 24 * Soyuz 21 returns to Earth. [1] August 26 * Warner Anderson, actor (Doctor, Lineup, Peyton Place), dies at age 65. [1] August 29 * Anissa Jones, actress (Buffy - Family Affair), dies at age 18. [1] September 1 * NASA launches space vehicle S-197. [1] * New Jersey Meadowlands racetrack opens. [1] * Wayne L Hays, (Representative-Democrat-Ohio), resigns (scandal with Elizabeth Ray). [1] September 3 * Viking 2 soft lands on Mars (Utopia), returns photos. [1] September 6 * Russian pilot defects to Japan in a Mig 25 jet. [1] September 7 * US courts find George Harrison guilty of plagarism ("He's So Fine"). [1] September 9 * Mao Tse-Tung, Chinese communist party chairman (1949-76), dies at age 82. [1] September 10 * Two airliners collide over Yugoslavia, killing all 176 aboard. [1] * Mordecai Johnson, president of Howard University, dies at age 86. [1]

594

September 13 * Second space shuttle Enterprise approach and lands test (ALT) flight (5 minutes 28 seconds). [1] September 15 * Soyuz 22 carries two cosmonauts into Earth orbit for eight days. [1] September 16 * Episcopal Church approves ordination of women as priests and bishop. [1] September 17 * NASA publicly unveils space shuttle Enterprise in Palmdale, California. [1] September 20 * Sid Berstein offers US$230 million for a charity concert for The Beatles' reunion. [1] September 21 * In Washington, DC, Orlando Letelier (age 44) is killed by remote-controlled bomb in his car. Also killed is Ronni Moffit (age 25) in the car. The killer is Michael Townley, member of Argentina's secret police. [46.118] * Computer Shack is incorporated in the USA, created by William Millard. (The name is later changed to ComputerLand, due to objections from Radio Shack.) [4] September 23 * Soyuz 22 returns to Earth. [1] September 24 * Newspaper heiress Patricia Hearst sentenced to 7 years for her part in a 1974 bank robbery. [1] September 28 * R&B singer Stevie Wonder releases the classic double album Songs in the Key of Life. [5] October 4 * US Agriculture Secretary Earl Butz resigns due to telling a racial joke. [1]

595

* Alexander Gray, singer (This is Music), dies at age 74. [1] October 5 * Barbara Nichols, actress (Pajama Game, Loved One), dies at age 46. [1] October 6 * John Hathaway completes a bicycle tour of every continent in the world and cycling 50,600 miles. [1] * US President Gerald Ford says there is "no Soviet domination in Eastern Europe". [1] October 10 * Connee Boswell, singer (Pete Kelly's Blue), dies at age 68. [1] October 12 * Fifth Space Shuttle Enterprise approach and land test (ALT) flight. [1] * Hua Guo-feng succeeds Mao Tse-tung as chairman of China's Communist Party. [1] October 14 * Soyuz 23 carries two to Salyut 6, but returns without docking. [1] October 15 * First debate of major-ticket Vice President nominees Walter Mondale (Democrat) versus Senator Bob Dole (Republican). [1] October 16 * Soyuz 23 returns to Earth. [1] October 20 * 70 die as Norwegian tanker Frosta collides with George Prince. [1] October 21 * American Saul Bellow wins Nobel Prize for Literature. [1] October 24 * First Jewish film and TV festival. [1]

596

October 25 * Fifth Enterprise approach and lands test (ALT) flight. [1] October 26 * Transkei gains independence, not recognized outside of South Africa. [1] * Trinidad and Tobago becomes a republic. [1] October 30 * Reverend Joseph Evans is elected president of the United Church of Christ. [1] November 1 * Gilbert Island (Kiribati) obtains internal self-government from Great Britain. [1] November 2 * Former Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter (Democrat) defeats incumbent Gerald R Ford (Republican) in US presidential election. [1] * A referendum in New Jersey approves legalizing casino gaming for Atlantic City by a 3-to-2 margin. [86.68,145] November 6 * Benjamin Hooks succeeds Roy Wilkins as executive director of NAACP. [1] November 7 * Film Gone With the Wind first shown on television. [1] November 9 * Billy Halop, actor (Bert Munson - All in the Family), dies at age 56. [1] * United Nations General Assembly condemns apartheid in South Africa. [1] November 10 * Utah Supreme Court OKs execution of convicted murderer Gary Gilmore. [1] November 18 * Spain's parliament establishes democracy after 37 years of dictatorship. [1]

597

November 23 * Andre Malraux, French novelist/art historian/puplic office ("The Voices of Silence"), dies at age 75. [1] November 25 * Viking 1 radio signal from Mars helps prove general theory of relativity. [1] December 1 * Angola admitted to United Nations. [1] * Bangladesh General Ziaur Rahman declares himself president. [1] December 2 * William Tannen, actor (Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp, Jailhouse Rock, Sitting Bull), dies at age 65. [1] December 3 * Dr Patrick J Hillery elected President of Iraq. [1] * Mary Nash, actress (Philadelphia Story, Till the Clouds Roll By), dies at age 91. [1] December 4 * Benjamin Britten, British composer (Beggar's Opera, War Requiem), dies at age 63. [1] * Elizabeth Taylor's 7th marriage (John Warner). [1] * Tommy Bolin, rock guitarist (Deep Purple), dies of heroin overdose. [1] December 6 * War criminal Pieter Menten arrested in Zurich, Switzerland. [1] December 7 * United Nations Security Council endorses Kurt Waldheim, Secretary-General for second five-year term. [1] December 8 * United Nations General Assembly re-elects Kurt Waldheim Secretary-General. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] December 9

598

* Nino Martini, actor (Here's to Romance), dies at age 71. [1] December 12 * Jack [John Joseph Edward] Cassidy, actor (Oscar - He and She, Eiger Sanction), dies in fire at age 49. [1] December 13 * Eduard Claudius, writer, dies. [1] * Golden Gate Bridge District starts ferry service to Larkspur, California. [1] * Longest non-stop passenger airflight (Sydney to San Francisco, 13 hours 14 minutes). [1] December 14 * Dutch first chamber condemns Dutch Liberal/social-democratic abortion laws. [1] December 15 * Argo Merchant tanker off Massachusetts' southeast coast, spills 7.6 million gallons of crude when the ship runs aground. [1] * Jamaica premier Manley wins elections. [1] December 16 * Andrew Young named Ambassador and Chief US Delegate to United Nations. [1] * George, a goose that lived to 49 years 8 months, dies. [1] * Government halts swine flu vaccination program following reports of paralysis. [1] * Liberian tanker stranded at Nantucket, 180,000 barrels oil in sea. [1] December 17 * Superstation WTBS in Atlanta goes national. [1] December 18 * Film A Star is Born, with Barbra Streisand, premieres in theaters in the USA. [1] * Wonder Woman TV show debuts on ABC. [1] * Soviet dissident Viktor Bukovski exchanged for Chile CP-leader Corvalan. [1] December 19 * Piper Cherokee plane crashes into Baltimore Memorial Stadium upper stands, 10 minutes after Baltimore Colts lose 40-14 to Pittsburgh Steelers; no one seriously hurt. [1]

599

* President Leonid Brezhnev receives his fifth Lenin order. [1] December 20 * Israel's Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin resigns. [1] * Richard J Daley, Chicago mayor, dies at age 74. [1] * Walter Fitzgerald, actor (Adventures of Sadie, Fallen Idol), dies at age 80. [1] December 21 * United Nations General Assembly passes a resolution declaring 1979 the Year of Child. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] December 22 * Your Arm's Too Short to Box with God opens at Lyceum theater in New York City for 429 performances. [1] * German Democratic Republic banishes singer Nina Hagen. [1] * Warner Bros. Pictures releases the film The Enforcer to theaters in the USA. [8] December 23 * Paul M Frank Forest, actor (Big Broadcast of 1937, Champagne Waltz), dies at age 80. [1] * Walter Bauer, writer, dies at age 72. [1] December 24 * Victor Stanitsin, actor (War and Peace, Jubilee), dies at age 79. [1] December 25 * Egyptian SS Patria sinks in Red Sea, about 100 killed. [1] * Frankie Darro, actor (Radio Ranch, Valley of Wanted Men), dies at age 58. [1] * Takeo Fukuda becomes Japanese premier. [1] December 26 * Philip A Hart (Senator-Democrat-Michigan), dies at age 64. [1] December 27 * Albania constitution goes into effect. [1] December 28

600

* Freddie King, rocker, dies at age 42. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * Winnie Mandela banished in South Africa. [1] December 30 * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] December 31 * TV soap Somerset ends six-year run. [1] * The Cars rock group play their first gig. [1] Year * Lottery ticket sales revenue in the USA: US$975.5 million. [40.152] * Global mean surface temperature at lowest point since 1964, beginning of gradual rise through at least 2007. [58]

601

1977 January 1 * First woman formally ordained an Episcopal priest (Jacqueline Means). [1] * Belgium reapportions 2,359 communities into 596. [1] January 2 * Erroll Garner, jazz pianist (Misty), dies at age 53. [1] January 3 * Apple Computer incorporated. [1] * Avraham Ofer, Israeli minister of housing, commits suicide. [1] * Benno Stokvis, Dutch attorney/politician, dies at age 75. [1] January 5 * Kenya President Jomo Kenyatta disbands parliament. [1] * Onslow Stevens, actor (Mr Fisher-This is the Life), dies at age 74. [1] January 6 * EMI records drop punk rock group Sex Pistols. [1] January 7 * Human Rights Charter '77 established in Prague, Czechoslovakia. [1] January 9 * Alexey Kozlovsky, composer, dies at age 71. [1] * Hal Sawyer, TV host (Sawyer Views Hollywood), dies at age 62. [1] January 11 * Bollingen Prize awarded to David Ignatow. [1] January 12 * Anti-French demonstrations takes place in Israel after Paris releases Abu Daoud, responsible for 1972 Munich massacre of Israeli athletes. [1] * Henri-Georges Clouzot, director (Diabolique, Truth), dies at age 69. [1] January 14

602

* Abdul Razak bin Hussain, premier of Malaysia (1970-77), dies at age 53. [1] * Anaïs Nin, Cuban/American writer (Delta of Venus), dies at age 73. [1] * Anthony Eden, British premier (1955-57), dies at age 79. [1] * Peter Finch, actor (Network, Nun's Story, Judith), dies at age 60. [1] January 15 * Coneheads debut on Saturday Night Live. [1] January 17 * Gary Gilmore executed in Utah, first US execution since 1967. [1] * Zaire President Mobutu visits Belgium. [1] January 18 * Carl Zuckmayer, German/Swiss/US playwright (Second Wind), dies at age 80. [1] * Paul Nordoff, US composer (Frog Prince), dies at age 67. [1] * Yvonne Printemps, actress (Paris Waltz, Voyage to America), dies at age 81. [1] * Scientists identify a previously unknown bacterium as the cause of the mysterious Legionnaires' disease. [5] January 19 * Geraldine Brooks, actress (Faraday and Co, Dumplings), dies at age 51. [1] * US President Gerald Ford pardons Iva Toguri (Tokyo Rose), convicted in 1949 of treason, as witness testimony included lies under threat by the FBI and occupation police. [1] [10] * World's largest crowd-12.7 million-for Indian religious festival. [1] January 20 * George Bush ends term as 11th director of US Central Intelligence Agency. [1] January 21 * Italy legalizes abortion. [1] * John Vincent, composer, dies at age 74. [1] * Zoltan Vasarhelyi, composer, dies at age 76. [1] January 23 * $1.5-million Serge Lepage dress exhibited in Paris, France. [1] * Bernard "Toots" Shor, barkeeper, dies at age 73. [1]

603

January 24 * Five lawyers murdered by fascist in Madrid, Spain. [1] January 25 * Donald Kerr, actor (Devil Bat, Killer Bats), dies at age 85. [1] January 26 * Margaret Hayes, actress (Robert Montgomery Presents), dies at age 61. [1] January 27 * First broadcast of Roots mini-series on ABC TV. [1] * US President Jimmy Carter pardons most Vietnam War draft evaders (10,000). [1] * Walter Baldwin, actor (Gay Amigo), dies at age 88. [1] January 28 * Burt Mustin, actor (All in the Family, Andy Griffith Show), dies at age 92. [1] January 29 * Freddie Prinze, comedian/actor (Chico and the Man), shoots himself dead at age 22. [1] [5] January 30 * 8th (final) part of Roots is most-watched TV entertainment show to date. [1] January 31 * Frenchman François Claustre freed, after 33 months as hostage in Chad. [1] February 1 * Edmond [Moore] Hamilton, American sci-fi author (Danger Planet), dies at age 72. [1] * Heavy blizzard in New England claims 100 lives. [1] February 2 * Burn up of Salyut 4 Space Station (USSR). [1] * Radio Shack officially begins creating the TRS-80 computer. [1]

604

February 3 * Pauline Starke, actress (Dante's Inferno, Viking, Sun Up), dies at age 76. [1] February 4 * Elevated train jumps track, crashes onto Chicago street (11 die, 200 hurt). [1] * Fleetwood Mac's "Rumours" album released. [1] February 5 * General Mills Adventure Theater premieres on CBS radio. [1] * Izaak Boleslavski, Russian chess player, dies at age 67. [1] February 6 * Alain Prieur jumps his motorcycle 65 metres over 16 buses, near Paris, France. [1] February 7 * Herman Dooyeweerd, Dutch philosopher/lawyer, dies at age 82. [1] * Soyuz 24 launches with two cosmonauts. [1] February 8 * Earthquake in San Francisco, California, at 5.0, strongest since 1966. [1] February 9 * Denys Amiel, French dramatist/playwright (Le mouton noir), dies at age 92. [1] * Death of Gaus, an orangutan who lived to be 59. [1] * Sergei Ilyushin Russian, airplane builder (Ilyushin), dies at age 82. [1] February 10 * Bomb explosion in Moskouse metro. [1] * Grace Mary Williams, composer, dies at age 70. [1] * Yehonathan Netanyou Lane in the Bronx, New York, named in honor of Bronx-born Israeli soldier who died freeing hostages in Entebbe Raid (1976). [1] February 11 * 20.2-kg lobster caught off Nova Scotia, Canada (heaviest known crustacean). [1] * Louis J M Beel, Dutch premier (1946-48, 1958-59), dies at age 74. [1] February 13

605

* Guys and Dolls closes at Broadway Theater in New York City after 239 performances. [1] * Jack Gardner, actor (Wild Bill Hickok, Three Russian Girls), dies at age 77. [1] February 15 * Social-democrats win Danish parliamentary election. [1] February 16 * USSR performs nuclear test at Sary Shagan. [1] February 17 * Quincy Howe, newscaster (CBS Weekend News), dies at age 76. [1] February 18 * Andy Devine [Jeremiah Schwartz], actor (Andy's Gang), dies at age 71. [1] * Maria Realino, teacher (Botany of Curaçao), dies at age 87. [1] * Ralph Graves, actor (Extra Girl), dies at age 77. [1] * Space Shuttle above a Boeing 747 goes on its maiden flight. [1] February 19 * 19th Grammy Awards: "This Masquerade", Starland Vocal Band. [1] * France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island. [1] * Space shuttle Enterprise makes first test flight atop a 747 jetliner. [1] February 20 * My Fair Lady closes at Saint James Theater in New York City after 384 performances. [1] February 21 * 74 Unification Church couples wed in New York City, New York. [1] February 22 * Edith Barrett, actress (Molly and Me, Ghost Ship), dies at age 64. [1] February 24 * US President Jimmy Carter announces US foreign aid will consider human rights. [1]

606

February 25 * Oil tanker explosion west of Honolulu spills 31 million gallons. [1] * Soyuz 24 returns to Earth. [1] February 26 * First flight of Space Shuttle (atop a Boeing 747). [1] * Bukka White, rocker, dies at age 43. [1] * Maxime Jacob, composer, dies at age 71. [1] February 27 * Allison Hayes, actress (Attack of 50 Foot Woman), dies at age 47. [1] February 28 * Eddie "Rochester" Anderson, comedian (Jack Benny Show), dies at age 71. [1] * Harbor strike in Rotterdam/Amsterdam ends. [1] March 1 * Bank of America adopts the name VISA for their credit cards. [1] * US extends territorial waters to 200 miles. [1] March 2 * Bette Davis is first woman to receive acting Life Achievement Award. [1] * Future The Tonight Show host Jay Leno debuts with host Johnny Carson. [1] * Libya amends constitution. [1] March 3 * Libyan Socialist Arabs People's Republic forms. [1] * Percy Marmont, actor (Secret Agent, Lisbon), dies at age 93. [1] March 4 * The first Cray-1 supercomputer is shipped to the Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico. [1] [5] * Earthquake in Romania kills 1,541. [1] March 5 * Lockrem Johnson, composer, dies at age 52. [1]

607

* Moses Pergament, composer, dies at age 83. [1] March 7 * Ali Bhutto's Pakistan People's Party wins elections. [1] * Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin meets US President Jimmy Carter. [1] March 8 * Henry Hull, actor (Werewolf of London, Boys Town), dies at age 86. [1] * Princess Anne announces she's expecting her first child (Peter). [1] March 9 * Admiral Stansfield Turner, USN (Retired), becomes 12th director of US Central Intelligence Agency replacing acting director Knoche. [1] * Hanafi Muslims invade three buildings in Washington DC, siege ends March 11th. [1] March 10 * E Power Biggs, English organist/composer (CBS), dies at age 70. [1] * Pieter Jan Bouman, Dutch sociologist/historian, dies at age 74. [1] * Rings of Uranus discovered during occultation of SAO. [1] * Willem Schermerhorn, Dutch premier (1945-46), dies at age 82. [1] March 11 * 34 Israelis killed by Palestinians on the Tel Aviv-Haifa highway. [1] * Muslims hold 130 hostages in Washington DC. [1] March 12 * Chile's President Augusto Pinochet bans Christian-Democratic Party. [1] * Egypt's Anwar Sadat pledges to regain Arab territory from Israel. [1] March 13 * Fanie Lou Hamer, freedom fighter, dies. [1] * Jan Patocka, Czechoslovakian philosopher, dies in prison. [1] March 15 * Eight is Enough premieres on ABC-TV. [1] * Kamal Joemblat, Lebanese politician, murdered. [1] * US House of Representatives begin 90-day test of televising its sessions. [1]

608

* Chevrolet general manager Robert Lund drives the 500,000th Corvette, a white Stingray T-Top, off the assembly line in St. Louis, Missouri, USA. [8] March 16 * US President Jimmy Carter pleads for Palestinian homeland. [1] March 18 * Marien Ngouabi President of Congo-Brazzaville, is murdered. [1] * US restricts citizens from visiting Cuba, Vietnam, North Korea, and Cambodia. [1] * Vietnam hands over missing-in-action soldiers to US. [1] March 19 * Side by Side by Sondheim closes at Music Box theater in New York City after 390 performances. [1] * France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island. [1] March 20 * Parisians (France) elect former Prime Minister Jacques Chirac as first mayor in a century. [1] * Premier Indira Gandhi loses election in India. [1] March 22 * Dutch Den Uyl government falls. [1] * Indira Gandhi resigns as Prime Minister of India. [1] March 24 * Saburo Moroi, composer, dies at age 73. [1] March 26 * Elvis Costello releases his first record "Less Than Zero". [1] March 27 * 583 people die in Los Rodeos, Tenerife, Spain, after two Boeing 747s collide - one Pan Am, one KLM. [1] [57] * Diana Hyland, actress (Peyton Place, Eight is Enough), dies at age 41. [1] * Eve Meyer [Turner], Playboy Playmate/actress (Immoral Mr Teas), dies in a plane crash at age 46. [1] * Lodewijk de Vocht, composer, dies at age 89. [1]

609

March 28 * 49th Academy Awards: Rocky, Peter Finch and Faye Dunaway win. [1] * Morarji Desai forms government in India. [1] March 30 * Levko Mykolayevich Revutsky, composer, dies at age 88. [1] April 1 * Attempt for Muslim state in Chad fails. [1] April 2 * Fleetwood Mac's "Rumors" album goes to number 1 and stays number 1 for 31 weeks. [1] April 3 * Egyptian President Anwar Sadat's first meeting with US President Jimmy Carter. [1] * Netherlands/Belgium/Luxembourg adopt summer time. [1] April 4 * Jeno Zador, composer, dies at age 82. [1] April 5 * John Marriott dies at age 83. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] April 6 * Judge rules the Beatles' 1962 Hamburg album can be released. [1] * Kingdome opens, Seattle Mariners' first game, loses to California Angels 7-0. [1] April 7 * Consumer Product Safety Commission bans the flame-retardant chemical "TRIS". [1] * Toronto Blue Jays' first game, they beat Chicago Cubs 9-5. [1] April 8

610

* Frank Milan, actor (The Witness), dies at age 71. [1] * Israel premier Yitzhak Rabin resigns. [1] April 9 * Communist party legally allowed in Spain after 40 years. [1] April 11 * Ireland sets fishing zone at 50 miles. [1] * Jacques Prévert, French poet (La puil et le beau), dies at age 77. [1] April 14 * Riekus Waskowsky, Dutch poet, dies at age 44. [1] * US Supreme Court rules people may refuse to display state motto on car license. [1] April 16 * At the West Coast Computer Faire in SanFrancisco, California, Commodore demonstrates the PET 2001 computer, and Apple Computer introduces the Apple II. Both feature a 6502 processor and 4 kB RAM, both targeting the home computer user. The PET is a complete unit, incorporating a monochrome display and cassette storage, whereas the Apple II uses a color TV display and external storage. [4] April 17 * I Love My Wife opens at Barrymore Theater in New York City for 864 performances. [1] * Christian-Democrats win Belgium parliamentary election. [1] * Marjorie Gateson, actress (One Man's Family), dies at age 86. [1] April 18 * Alex Haley, author of Roots, awarded Pulitzer Prize. [1] * Pulitzer prize awarded to Michael Cristofer for Shadow Box. [1] * Stephen Sondheim's musical Side by Side premieres at Music Box theater in New York City for 390 performances. [1] April 20 * Bryan Foy, director/writer, dies at age 80. [1] * Woody Allen's film Annie Hall premieres. [1] April 21

611

* Charles Strouse and Martin Charnins' musical Annie opens at Alvin Theater in New York City for 2377 performances. [1] * Gummo [Milton] Marx, US comic (Marx Brothers), dies at age 84. [1] * Zia ur-Rahman appointed President of Bangladesh. [1] April 22 * Charles Sanford, orchestra leader (Your Show of Shows), dies at age 71. [1] * Simon Peres becomes premier of Israel. [1] April 23 * Czechoslovakian chess master Vlastimil Hort plays 201 games simultaneously and only loses 10. [1] * Dr Allen Bussey completes 20,302 yo-yo loops. [1] * Military workers kill 300-500 students in Addis Ababa. [1] April 25 * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] April 26 * New York's famed disco Studio 54 opens. [1] April 27 * Bloody riots in Soweto, South Africa. [1] * HCC, Hobby Computer Club, forms in Netherlands. [1] * Stanley Adams, actor (Lillies of the Field, Thunder Alley), dies at age 61. [1] April 28 * Andreas Baader and members of Baader-Meinhoff jailed for life after a trial lasting nearly two years in Stuttgart, Germany. [1] * Christopher Boyce convicted for selling US secrets to the Russians. [1] * Ricardo Cortez, actor/director (Bad Company, Flesh), dies at age 87. [1] April 29 * British Aerospace forms. [1] April 30 * Billy Graham beats Bruno Sammartino in Baltimore, Maryland, to become WWF champion. [1]

612

* Clive Martin Douglas, composer, dies at age 73. [1] May 2 * The King and I opens at Uris Theater in New York City for 719 performances. [1] May 4 * The Space Mountain attraction opens in Tomorrowland at Disneyland. [6] May 5 * Ludwig Erhard, German minister of Economic Affairs (CDU), dies at age 80. [1] May 7 * Irwin Fischer, composer, dies at age 73. [1] May 8 * David Berkowitz pleads guilty in "Son of Sam" 44-caliber shootings. [1] May 9 * Hotel Poland in Amsterdam destroyed by fire, 33 killed. [1] * James Jones, US writer (Bad Blood, From Here to Eternity), dies at age 55. [1] * Mabel Murphy Smythe confirmed as ambassador to Republic of Cameroon. [1] * Patty Hearst let out of jail. [1] * Walter Kraft, composer, dies at age 71. [1] May 10 * Joan Crawford, actress (Mildred Pierce), dies at age 69. [1] May 12 * First quadraphonic concert (Pink Floyd in London, England). [1] May 14 * Netherlands State Delta Kappa Gamma Society forms. [1] May 16 * Five die as New York Airway helicopter topples on the Pan Am Building in New York City. [1]

613

May 17 * Menahem Begin's Likoed-party wins election in Israel. [1] May 18 * A nightclub fire in Cincinnati, Ohio kills 164. [1] * Menachem Begin becomes Israel's Prime Minister. [1] May 19 * Film Smokey and the Bandit premieres in theaters. [1] May 21 * Fire in hotel Duc de Brabant Brussels, kills 19. [1] May 22 * Final European scheduled run of the Orient Express (94 years). [1] * Gijsbert van Hall, banker/mayor of Amsterdam (1957-67), dies at age 73. [1] * Marius Monnikendam, Dutch choir composer, dies at age 80. [1] May 23 * Benin adopts its constitution. [1] * Moluccan extremists hold 105 schoolchildren and 50 others hostage on a hijacked train in Netherlands; children released May 27, siege ends June 11. [1] * US Supreme Court refuses to hear appeals of Watergate wrong-doers H R Halderman, John Ehrlichman, and John Mitchell. [1] May 24 * USSR President Podgorny resigns. [1] May 25 * Brady Bunch Hour last airs on ABC-TV. [1] * Dutch social democratic party wins parliamentary election. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * 20th Century Fox releases the film Star Wars - Episode IV: A New Hope to theaters in the USA. (Gross theater receipts: US$461 million in the US, US$800 million worldwide.) [1] [5] [129] May 26

614

* George Willig climbs New York City World Trade Center. [1] * Jim Boles, actor (Kraft Music Hall, One Man's Family), dies at age 63. [1] * William Powell, rocker (O'Jays), dies of cancer at age 35. [1] May 27 * Two Boeing 747s by Pan Am and KLM collide in Canary Islands, killing 582. [1] * New York City fines George Willig 1 cent for each of 110 stories of the World Trade Center he climbed. [1] May 28 * 165 killed in a fire at Beverly Hills Supper Club in Kentucky. [1] * Jiri Reinberger, composer, dies at age 63. [1] May 29 * Goddard Lieberson, composer, dies at age 66. [1] * NBC News and Information Service (24 hour news) ends on radio. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] May 30 * Claire Goll, writer, dies at age 86. [1] * Cleveland Indians' Dennis Eckersley no-hits California Angels, 2-0. [1] * Paul Desmond, US jazz saxophonist, dies at age 52. [1] May 31 * Beatlemania opens at Winter Garden Theater in New York City for 920 performances. [1] * Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani becomes heir apparent to throne of Qatar. [1] * Trans-Alaska oil pipeline completed. [1] June 2 * Forrest Lewis, actor (Great Gildersleeve, Ichabod and Me), dies at age 77. [1] * New Jersey allows casino gambling in Atlantic City. [1] June 4 * Violence during Puerto Rican Day in Chicago, Illinois, kills two. [1] June 5

615

* First Apple II personal computer goes on sale. [1] * Coup in Seychelles (National Day). [1] June 6 * Joseph L Howze installed as bishop of Roman Catholic diocese (Mississippi). [1] * US Supreme Court tosses out automatic death penalty laws. [1] June 9 * Silver jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II celebrated with fireworks. [1] June 10 * Apple Computer ships its first Apple II personal computer. [1] [5] * James Earl Ray (convicted killer of Martin Luther King's) escapes from prison. [1] June 11 * Dutch marines rescue hostages from a Moluccan held train in Holland. [1] June 12 * Ground-breaking ceremonies for President Kennedy library. [1] June 13 * Convicted assassin James Earl Ray recaptured. [1] * Tom C Clark, former US Supreme Court Justice, dies in New York at age 77. [1] June 14 * Alan Reed, actor (Mr Adams and Eve/voice of Fred Flintstone), dies at age 69. [1] * Robert Middleman, actor (Barney-The Monroes), dies at age 66. [1] June 16 * Leonid Brezhnev is named president of USSR. [1] * Wernher von Braun dies at age 65 from smoking. [1] June 18 * Space Shuttle test model Enterprise carries a crew aloft. [1] June 19

616

* Pope Paul VI makes 19th-century bishop John Neumann first US male saint. [1] June 20 * Abner Biberman, actor (Imhook-Kodiak), dies at age 68. [1] * Oil first enters Trans-Alaska pipeline, exits 38 days later at Valdez. [1] June 21 * Former White House chief of staff HR Haldeman enters prison. [1] * Menachem Begin (Likud), becomes Israel's 6th Prime Minister. [1] June 22 * Former Attorney General John Mitchell starts 19 months in Alabama prison. [1] * Walt Disney film The Rescuers is released to theaters. [1] June 25 * Former US president Lyndon Johnson denies report he had a cancer during his presidency. [1] * Roy C Sullivan of Virginia is struck by lightening for seventh time. [1] June 26 * 42 die in fire that inmate causes at Maury County Jail in Columbia, Tennessee. [1] June 27 * 5-4 US Supreme Court decision allows lawyers to advertise. [1] * Djibouti gains independence from France (National Day). [1] June 28 * US Supreme Court allows Federal control of Nixon tapes papers. [1] June 30 * Jimmy Carter cans B-1A bomber later "B-1's the B-52". [1] * Marvel Comics publishes the Kiss book tributing the rock group Kiss. [1] * US Railway Post Office final train run (New York to Washington DC). [1] July 5 * Pakistan's army, led by General Mohammad Zia ul-Haq, seizes power. [1]

617

July 9 * Dr Loren Eiseley, professor of Anthropology (Animal Secrets), dies at age 69. [1] July 10 * Norman Paris, orchestra leader (For Your Pleasure), dies at age 41. [1] July 11 * US Medal of Freedom awarded posthumously to Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. [1] July 12 * First free flight test of space shuttle Enterprise. [1] * Ed Holmes, actor (Growing Paynes, Once Upon a Tune), dies at age 66. [1] July 13 * New York City experiences 25-hour black-out. [1] July 14 * N Chernykh discovers asteroids #2286 Fesenkov, #2492 Kutuzov. [1] July 19 * N Chernykh discovers asteroid #2228 Soyuz-Apollo. [1] July 20 * Flash flood hits Johnstown, Pennsylvania, kills 80 and causing US$350 million damage. [1] July 23 * Washington jury convicts 12 Hanafi Muslims on hostage charges. [1] July 28 * First oil flow through the Alaska pipeline. [1] * Roy Wilkins turn over NAACP leadership to Benjamin L Hooks. [1] July 31

618

* Stacy Moskowitz shot to death by Son of Sam, at age 20. [1] August 3 * At the Warwick Hotel in New York City, Radio Shack (a division of Tandy Corporation) announces the TRS-80 microcomputer. It features Zilog Z80 processor, 4 kB RAM, 4 kB ROM, keyboard, black-and-white video display, and tape cassette for US$599. (Within one month, 10,000 are sold.) [1] [4] August 4 * US President Jimmy Carter establishes Department of Energy. [1] August 10 * Postal employee David Berkowitz is arrested in Yonkers, New York, accused of being "Son of Sam" the 44 caliber killer. [1] * Vince Barnett, actor (Star is Born, Human Jungle), dies at age 75. [1] August 12 * High Energy Astronomy Observatory 1 launched into Earth orbit. [1] * Space shuttle Enterprise makes first atmospheric flight. [1] [5] August 13 * First test glide of the space shuttle. [1] August 16 * Elvis Presley dies of heart ailment at Graceland, Nashville at age 42. [1] August 19 * Julius (Groucho) Marx, comedian (Marx Bros), dies in Los Angeles at age 86. [1] August 20 * NASA launches Voyager 2 towards Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. [1] August 22 * Sebastian Cabot, actor (Mr French - Family Affair), dies at age 59. [1] August 23

619

* First man-powered flight of a mile (Bryan Allen in Gossamer Condor). [1] August 26 * HA Rey, author of popular constellation book, dies at age 78. [1] August 27 * Steve Dunne, actor (Professional Father), dies at age 59. [1] August 31 * Aleksandr Fedotov sets aircraft altitude record of 38.26 km (125,524 feet). [1] September 1 * Ethel Waters, actress (Beulah)/singer (Stormy Weather), dies at age 76. [1] September 5 * Voyager 1 (US) satellite launched toward fly-by of Jupiter and Saturn. [1] [5] September 7 * US President Jimmy Carter and Panama's Omar Torrijos sign the Panama Canal Treaty for American handover on December 31, 1999. [150.62] September 8 * Interpol sends a resolution concerning video piracy. [1] September 9 * First TRS-80 Model I computer sold. [1] September 10 * Hamida Djandoubi, convicted murderer, last to die in the guillotine. [1] September 12 * Steven Biko, South African black student leader, dies in police custody. [1] September 13 * First TV "viewer discretion warning" - Soap. [1]

620

* Second test of the Space Shuttle Enterprise. [1] * Leopold Stokowski, symphonic conductor, dies in England, at age 95. [1] September 16 * 90-minute pilot of TV show Logan's Run premieres. [1] * Maria Callas, American-born prima donna, dies in Paris, France at age 53. [1] September 18 * US Voyager I takes the first space photograph of the Earth and Moon together. [1] [5] September 20 * Voyager 2 launched for fly-by of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. [1] September 23 * Third test of Space Shuttle Enterprise. [1] * Cheryl Ladd replaces Farrah Fawcett on TV show Charlie's Angels. [1] September 24 * American Broadcasting Company begins airing the TV series The Love Boat in the USA. Two Princess Cruises ships are used on the show: Island Princess and Pacific Princess. The TV show helps growth of the cruise vacation industry. The show runs for ten seasons, ending in 1987. [67.30] [74] September 26 * Sir Freddie Laker begins cut-rate "Skytrain" service, London to New York. [1] September 29 * Soviet space station Salyut 6 is launched into Earth orbit. [1] October 4 * Pier 39 opens in San Francisco, California. [1] October 9 * Soyuz 25 is launched to Salyut 6, but returns after failing to dock. [1] October 11

621

* Dr Mason Gross, professor (Think Fast, Two for the Money), dies at age 66. [1] * Soyuz 25 returns to Earth. [1] October 12 * 4th test of the space shuttle Enterprise. [1] * Psychic Romark attempts to drive blindfolded, smashes into cop van. [1] * US Supreme Court hears arguments in "reverse discrimination" case of Allan Bakke, white student denied admission to University of California Medical School. [1] October 14 * Bing Crosby dies of a heart attack at age 74, in Madrid, Spain. [1] October 15 * Debbie Boone's "You Light Up My Life," goes #1 and stays #1 for 10 weeks. [1] October 17 * Canada begins regular live TV coverage of Parliament. [1] * West German commandos storm hijacked Lufthansa in Mogadishu, Somalia freeing all 86 hostages and killing three of the four hijackers. [1] October 20 * Three members of rock group Lynyrd Skynyrd die in charter plane crash. [1] October 21 * US recalls William Bowdler, ambassador to South Africa. [1] October 22 * International Sun-Earth Explorers 1 and 2 launched into Earth orbit. [1] October 23 * Panamanians vote 2-to-1 to approve the new Canal treaties. [1] October 26 * 5th and final test of space shuttle Enterprise. [1] * Dr Clifford R Wharton Jr named chancellor of State University of New York. [1] October 27

622

* NASA launches space vehicle S-200. [1] November 5 * Guy Lombardo, orchestra leader ("Auld Lang Syne"), dies in Houston, Texas, at age 75. [1] November 6 * 39 killed in an earthen dam burst at Toccoa Falls Bible College, Georgia. [1] November 15 * US President Jimmy Carter welcomes Shah of Iran. [1] November 16 * The film Close Encounters of the Third Kind opens in theaters. [5] November 17 * Egyptian President Anwar Sadat formally accepts invitation to visit Israel. [1] * Miss World Contest - Miss United Kingdom wears $9,500 platinum bikini. [1] November 19 * Egyptian President Anwar Sadat arrives in Israel. [1] November 20 * Egyptian President Anwar Sadat becomes first Arab leader to address Israeli Knesset. [1] November 21 * First flight of the Concorde from London to New York. [1] November 22 * Regular Concorde passenger service between New York and Europe begins. [1] November 23 * European weather satellite Meteosat 1 is launched from Cape Canaveral. [1]

623

November 25 * David Steed balances stationary on a bike for 9 hours 15 minutes. [1] * Richard Carlson, actor (Colonel MacKenzie-MacKenzie's Raiders), dies at age 65. [1] November 28 * Trevor Bardette, actor (Clanton-Legend of Wyatt Earp), dies at age 75. [1] November 29 * George Hamilton Combs, TV host (Through the Curtain), dies at age 78. [1] December 1 * Paul Hardy, Belgian designer (Italian Country), dies at age 69. [1] December 4 * Jean-Bedel Bokassa, ruler of Central African Empire, crowns himself. [1] * Leila Hyams, actress (Red Headed Woman, Freaks), dies at age 72. [1] December 5 * Egypt breaks diplomatic relations with Syria, Libya, Algeria, Iraq, and South Yemen. [1] December 6 * South Africa grants Bophuthatswana independence. [1] December 8 * Portugal's premier Soares resigns. [1] December 9 * Clarice Lispector, writer, dies. [1] December 10 * Soyuz 26 carries two cosmonauts to Salyut 6 space station. [1] December 12

624

* Clementine O Spencer-Churchill (Hozier), British barones, dies at age 92. [1] December 13 * Entire University of Evansville basketball team (14 players) die in plane crash. [1] December 14 * Film Saturday Night Fever, starring John Travolta, premieres in New York City, New York. [1] * Egypt and Israel representatives gather in Cairo for first formal peace conference. [1] * War criminal Pieter Menten sentenced in Amsterdam to 15 years. [1] December 17 * France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island. [1] December 18 * Cyril Ritchard, actor (Peter Pan), dies at age 80. [1] * Dutch Antilles: premier Boy Rozendal points independence off. [1] * Louis Untermeyer, poet/critic/TV panelist (What's My Line?), dies at age 92. [1] December 19 * Dutch government of Van Agt/Wiegel forms. [1] * Nellie Taylor Ross, first woman governor, dies at age 101. [1] December 20 * First Space walk made by G Grechko from Salyut. [1] * RAF -terrorist Knut Folkerts sentenced to 20 years. [1] December 21 * Warner Bros. Pictures releases the film The Gauntlet to theaters in the USA. [8] December 22 * 36 die as grain elevator at Continental Grain Company plant explodes. [1] * Johann Nepomuk David, composer, dies at age 82. [1] December 24 * Harriët Freezer, Dutch journalist/author, dies at age 66. [1]

625

December 25 * Charlie Chaplin, actor (Modern Times), dies in Switzerland at age 88. [1] [5] * Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin meets in Egypt with Egyptian President Anwar Sadat. [1] December 26 * Howard Hawks, director (Rio Lobo, Hatari!), dies at age 81. [1] * Ivan Rezak, composer, dies at age 53. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] December 30 * US President Jimmy Carter holds first news conference by US President in Eastern Europe (Warsaw, Poland). [1] December 31 * Bubbling Brown Sugar closes at ANTA Theater in New York City after 766 performances. [1] * Amir Sheikh Jabir al-Ahmad al-Jabir Al Sabah becomes leader of Kuwait. [1] * Cambodia drops diplomatic relations with Vietnam. [1] * Donald Woods, a banned white editor flees South Africa. [1] * Nora Marlowe, actress (Sara - Governor and JJ), dies at age 62. [1] * Ted Bundy escapes from jail in Colorado. [1]

626

1978 January 1 * Your Arm's Too Short... closes at Lyceum theater in New York City, New York after 429 performances. [1] * Air India B747 explodes near Bombay killing 213. [1] January 2 * Bülent Ecevit forms government in Turkey. [1] * Rhino Records releases their first album "Wildmania". [1] January 4 * Willem Bruynzeel, Dutch timber/lumber/wood manufacturer, dies at age 76. [1] January 6 * First postage stamp copyrighted by US (Carl Sandburg stamp). [1] * John D MacArthur, US insurance billionaire, dies at age 80. [1] * USA hands over Saint Stephan crown to Hungary. [1] January 7 * Angola revises its constitution. [1] January 8 * Israel's Cabinet votes to 'strengthen' settlements in occupied Sinai. [1] * Walter Keirnan, TV panelist (I've Got a Secret), dies at age 75. [1] January 9 * Commonwealth of Northern Marianas established. [1] January 10 * Don Gillis, US composer (Symphony #5 1/2), dies at age 65. [1] * John D Rockefeller III, US billionaire/philanthropist, dies at age 71. [1] * Pedro Joaquín Chamorro of La Prensa, assassinated in Managua. [1] * Soyuz 27 carries two cosmonauts to Salyut 6 space station. [1] * Zeb Turner, country-rock performer (Chew Tobacco Rag), dies at age 62. [1] January 11

627

* Governor Askew dedicates the RCUC solar office building. [1] * Michael Bates, actor (Clockwork Orange, Salt and Pepper), dies at age 57. [1] * Soyuz 27 links with Salyut 6 and Soyuz 26 (first time three spacecraft link). [1] January 12 * Nancy Spungen stabbed to death by boyfriend Sid Vicious. [1] January 13 * Hubert Humphrey (Senator-Democrat-Minnesota, Vice President), dies at age 66 in Waverly, Minnesota. [1] January 14 * Blossom Rock, actress (Grandmamma - Addams Family), dies at age 81. [1] * Robert Heger, composer, dies at age 91. [1] * Sex Pistols' final concert (Winterland, San Francisco). [1] * Death of Kurt Gödel in Princeton, New Jersey (born in Brünn, Austria); mathematician who developed "Gödel's proof" which shows that mathematics can have internal contradictions. [37] January 15 * Theodore Bundy kills Florida State University co-eds Lisa Levy and Margaret Bowman. [1] January 16 * 5th American Music Awards: Stevie Wonder, Fleetwood Mac and Conway Twitty. [1] * Soyuz 27 returns to Earth. [1] January 18 * Carl Betz, actor (Alex Stone - Donna Reed Show), dies at age 56. [1] * Ivan Ivonovich Dzerzhinsky, composer, dies at age 68. [1] * Roof of 3-year-old Civic Center in Hartford, Connecticut collapses (no injuries). [1] * Thiokol conducts second test firing of space shuttle's solid rocket boosters. [1] January 19 * Judge William H Webster appointed head of FBI. [1] January 20 * Columbia Pictures pays US$9.5 million for movie rights to Annie. [1]

628

January 21 * Bee Gees' "Saturday Night Fever" album goes #1 for 24 weeks. [1] January 23 * Belgian industrialist Haron Empain kidnapped in Paris, France. [1] * Jack Oakie, actor (Great Dictator, Gang Buster), dies at age 74. [1] * Terry Kath, rock guitarist (Chicago), accidently shot in head at age 32. [1] January 24 * US President Jimmy Carter signs Executive Order on Intelligence (number 12036). [1] January 25 * Muriel Humphrey (Democrat-Minnesota) appointed to fill late husband's Senate seat. [1] * Tango Duke dies in Australia at age 42; oldest known thoroughbred horse. [1] January 26 * Frank Herbert completes his novel Destination: Void. [1] * International Ultraviolet Explorer placed in Earth orbit. [1] * Leo Genn, actor (Lady Chatterley's Lover, Henry V), dies at age 72. [1] * Mario Soares forms Portuguese government. [1] * Strikers riot in Tunisia, killing about 40. [1] January 27 * Marguerite Canal, composer, dies at age 87. [1] * Oscar Homolka, actor (Seven Year Itch, Ball of Fire), dies at age 79. [1] January 28 * Fantasy Island starring Ricardo Montalban premieres on ABC TV. [1] January 29 * Tim McCoy, actor (Arizona Bound), dies at age 86. [1] * Sweden outlaws aerosol sprays due to their harmful effect on the ozone layer, becoming the first nation to enact such a ban. [5] January 30

629

* Mutual Broadcasting Network begins airing Larry King Show on radio. [1] January 31 * Elvis: The Legend Lives! opens at Palace Theater in New York City, New York for 101 performances. [1] * Israel turns three military outposts in West Bank into civilian settlements. [1] February 2 * Wendy Barrie, TV hostess (Wendy Barrie Show), dies at age 65. [1] February 4 * Dr Bergen Evans, English professor ($64,000 Question), dies at age 73. [1] February 5 * Annie [Anna HM] Romein-Verschoor, Dutch historian (Omzien), dies at age 83. [1] * Frans van Immerseel, Belgian graphic artist, dies at age 68. [1] February 6 * Muriel, wife of late Hubert Humphrey (Senator-Democrat-Minnesota) takes his office. [1] * Snowstorm hits New England (54 inches (137cm)). [1] February 7 * Ethiopian offensive in Ogaden desert. [1] February 8 * Crown Prince Sad Abdallah al-Salim Al Sabah becomes Prime Minister of Kuwait. [1] * The proceedings of the United States Senate are first broadcast on radio. [5] February 9 * Ted Bundy kills Kimberly Leach, age 12, in Lake City, Florida. [1] February 10 * Frank C Carlucci succeeds John F Blake as deputy director of US Central Intelligence Agency. [1]

630

February 11 * China lifts a ban on Aristotle, Shakespeare, and Dickens. [1] * EOKA organization disbands in Cyprus. [1] * James B Conant, headmaster (Harvard University), dies at age 84. [1] February 12 * Jesus Christ Superstar closes at Longacre Theater in New York City after 96 performances. [1] February 13 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] February 14 * First "micro on a chip" patented by Texas Instruments. [1] February 15 * Escaped mass murderer Ted Bundy recaptured, in Pensacola, Florida. [1] * Ilka Chase, actress (Masquerade Party), dies at age 72. [1] * Zaire revises constitution. [1] February 16 * First Computer Bulletin Board System (Ward and Randy's CBBS, Chicago, Illinois). [1] February 18 * Charlotte Greenwood, actress (Oklahoma, Moon over Miami), dies at age 84. [1] * Derrick De Marney, actor (Inheritance, Projected Man), dies at age 71. [1] * Maggie McNamara, actress (Three Coins in a Fountain, Cardinal), dies at age 49. [1] February 20 * 4th People's Choice Awards: Star Wars, Carol Burnett, and Bob Hope. [1] * Bob Backland beats Billy Graham in New York, to become WWF wrestling champion. [1] * Egypt announces it is pulling its diplomats out of Cyprus. [1] * Vitorino Nemésio, Portuguese author (Presença), dies at age 76. [1] February 22

631

* Two tankers with propane gas explode killing 15 at Waverly, Tennessee. [1] * Ilka Chase, actress (Masquerade Party, Trials of O'Brien), dies at age 74. [1] * Phyllis McGinley, US poetess (Pulitzer 1961), dies at age 72. [1] February 23 * 20th Grammy Awards: "Hotel California", Fleetwood Mac, Debbie Boone win. [1] February 25 * Daniel "Chappie" James Jr, retired Air Force General, dies at age 58. [1] February 27 * France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island. [1] * Vadim Nikolayevich Salmanov, composer, dies at age 65. [1] February 28 * Eric Frank Russell, sci-fi author (Hugo, Deep Space), dies at age 73. [1] * Philip Ahn of Los Angeles, California, actor (Master Kan - Kung Fu), dies at age 66. [1] March 2 * Soyuz 28 carries two cosmonauts (one Czechoslovakian) to Salyut 6. [1] March 3 * Charlie Chaplin's remains are stolen in Switzerland. [1] March 4 * Chicago Daily News, founded in 1875, publishes last issue. [1] March 5 * Landsat 3 launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. [1] March 6 * Hustler publisher Larry Flynt shot and crippled by a sniper in Georgia, USA. [1] March 7

632

* Belgian baron Charles Bracht is kidnapped. [1] * Dutch second Chamber votes against neutron bomb. [1] March 10 * Soyuz 28 returns to Earth. [1] March 11 * Terrorists attack mail truck at Tel Aviv, Israel; 45 killed. [1] March 12 * John Cazale, actor (Dog Day Afternoon, Deer Hunter), dies at age 41. [1] * Tolchard Evans, composer/conductor, dies. [1] March 13 * David McKinley Williams, composer, dies at age 91. [1] * Moluccans "suicide commandos" occupy Province house. [1] March 14 * US Marines terminate Molukse action in Province house (one dead). [1] March 15 * Operation Litani: Israeli offensive in South Lebanon to rid area of Palestine guerrillas. [1] * People's Rebublic of China performs nuclear test at Lop Nor. [1] March 16 * Red Brigade kidnaps former premier Aldo Moro in Italy, five killed. [1] * Aldo Moro, five-time Prime Minister of Italy, assassinated by terrorists. [1] * Amoco Cadiz tanker spills 68.7 million gallons of oil off French coast. [1] * Soyuz 26 returns to Earth. [1] * US Senate accepts Panamá Canal treaty. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] March 17 * Ligeti's opera Le Grand Macabre premieres in Stockholm, Sweden. [1] March 18

633

* 250,000 attend rock concert California Jam II in Ontario, California. [1] * Faith Baldwin, US author (They Who Love), dies at age 84. [1] * Pakistani former premier Ali Bhutto sentenced to death. [1] * Peggy Wood, actress (One Life to Live, Mama), dies at age 86. [1] March 19 * 50,000 demonstrate in Amsterdam against neutron bomb. [1] March 22 * France performs nuclear test. [1] * Karl Wallenda falls to death walking high-wire in Puerto Rico, at age 73. [1] * Robert Frost Plaza, Drumm and Market, San Francisco California, dedicated. [1] March 23 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] March 24 * Brackett Hamilton Leigh [Douglass], author (Ginger Star), dies at age 62. [1] March 25 * Jack Hulbert, actor (Bulldog Jack), dies at age 85. [1] March 27 * Bob Fosse's Dancin' opens at Broadhurst Theater in New York City for 1,774 performances. [1] * Wilfred Pickles, actor (Billy Liar, Gay Dog), dies at age 73. [1] March 31 * Astrid Allwyn, actress (Love Affair, Girl for Calgary), dies at age 68. [1] * USSR launches Kosmos 1000 navigational satellite. [1] April 2 * TV show Dallas premieres on CBS (as a five week mini-series). [1] * Velcro is first put on the market. [1] April 3 * 50th Academy Awards - Annie Hall, Rich Dreyfuss and Diane Keaton win. [1]

634

* European market and China sign trade agreement. [1] * Larry King moves his radio show from Miami, Florida to Washington, DC. [1] April 4 * Gino Contilli, composer, dies at age 70. [1] April 6 * Nicolas Nabokov, composer (Holy Devil), dies at age 74. [1] * Reinoud Anders, Dutch actor (Unrest of Grave), dies at age 65. [1] April 7 * Ernest Kanitz, composer, dies at age 83. [1] * Guttenberg bible sold for US$2 million in New York City. [1] * US President Jimmy Carter defers production of the neutron bomb. [1] April 13 * Paul McGrath, actor (The Witness, No Time for Love), dies at age 74. [1] April 14 * Korean Air Lines' Boeing 707, fired on by Soviets, crashes in Russia. [1] April 15 * 43 die as two express trains collide head-on south of Bologna, Italy. [1] * Great Britain performs nuclear test. [1] April 16 * Lucius D Clay, General/Governor US zone West Germany (airlift), dies at age 80. [1] April 17 * 63,500,000 shares traded on New York stock exchange (record). [1] * Pulitzer prize awarded to Carl Sagan for Dragons of Eden. [1] April 18 * US Senate votes to turn Panamá Canal over to Panamá on December 31, 1999. [1] April 19

635

* Emile de Strijker, Belgian philosopher, dies at age 70. [1] * Yitzhak Navron elected fifth President of Israel. [1] April 21 * Sandy Denny, country singer, dies at age 37. [1] April 22 * "The Blues Brothers" (Dan Akroyd and John Belushi) make their first appearance on Saturday Night Live. [1] * Will[iam Auge] Geer, actor (Grandpa - The Waltons), dies from a respiratory ailment at age 75. [1] April 23 * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] April 25 * US Supreme Court rules pension plans can't require women to pay more. [1] April 26 * France sends troops to Chad. [1] * NASA launches space vehicle S-201. [1] April 27 * Accident at nuclear reactor Willow Island, Charleston, West Virginia, kills 51. [1] * Afghanistan revolution (National Day), pro-Russian military coup. [1] * Mohammed Daud, premier/President of Afghanistan, murdered. [1] April 30 * Elvis: The Legend Lives! closes at Palace theater in New York City after 101 performances. [1] May 1 * Aram Katchaturian, Russian composer (The Earth), dies at age 74. [1] * Naomi Uemura becomes first to reach North Pole overland alone. [1] May 3 * "Sun Day" - solar energy events are held in US. [1]

636

* Wim van Doorne, Dutch auto manufacturer (DAF), dies at age 71. [1] May 4 * Russian President Brezhnev visits West Germany. [1] May 6 * Ko van Dijk Jr, Dutch actor (Zaak M P), dies at age 61. [1] * South Africa military goes into Angola. [1] May 8 * ABC TV airs The Stars Salute Israel at 30. [1] May 9 * Corpse of kidnapped ex-premier Aldo Moro found. [1] * Musical Ain't Misbehavin' opens at Longacre Theater in New York City for 1604 performances. [1] May 11 * John Clinge Doorenbos, Dutch journalist/poet, dies at age 93. [1] * Margaret A Brewer is first female general in the US Marine Corps. [1] May 12 * US Commerce Department announces that hurricane names will no longer be exclusively female. [1] May 13 * Joie Chitwood drives a Chevette 5.6 miles on just two wheels. [1] May 14 * William Powell Lear, inventor of Lear Jet, dies in Reno, Nevada. [1] May 17 * John Selwyn Brooke Selwyn Lloyd, speaker of house of commons, dies. [1] May 18 * Italy legalizes abortion. [1]

637

* Russian dissident Yuri Orlov exiled to compulsory work. [1] May 20 * Three PFLP members kill a police officer near El Al airlines in Orly Airport, Paris, France. [1] * US launches Pioneer Venus 1; produces first global radar map of Venus. [1] May 21 * 118 Unification church couples wed in England. [1] * Joseph EA "Jo" Spier, Dutch cartoonist/water color painter, dies at age 77. [1] * Yamada Mumon Roshi is appointed head of Zen Rinzai Sect. [1] May 22 * Bjarne Brustad, composer, dies at age 83. [1] May 23 * General strike in Peru. [1] May 24 * Dutch Investment bill (WIR) law goes into effect. [1] May 26 * Atlantic City, New Jersey, opens its first gambling casino, run by Resorts International. New Jersey governor Brendan Byrne opens the casino at 10AM. The first legal bet is made by Steve Lawrence, $10 on craps, pass, loses. (The casino makes a world record US$2.9 million in the first 6 days. The casino is soon earning an average US$600,000 a day.) [1] [39] [86.73] [187.425] May 28 * In Indianapolis, Indiana, the 62nd Indianapolis 500 race is held. A 1978 Corvette is the official pace car, driven by Jim Rathmann. Al Unser is fifth to win the race three time. (average speed of 161.363 mph) [1] [8] May 29 * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] June 2

638

* United Artists releases the MGM film Corvette Summer in the USA and Canada. [8] June 5 * Taito introduces the Space Invaders arcade video game, in Japan. The original name was Space Monsters, created by Toshihiro Nishikado. Over 350,000 machines are sold world-wide over its lifetime. [9] June 6 * A Mrkos discovers asteroids #2199 Klet and #3339. [1] * Proposition 13 cuts California property taxes 57 percent. [1] June 9 * Intel introduces the 4.77 MHz 8086 microprocessor. It uses 16-bit registers, a 16-bit data bus, and 29,000 transistors, using 3-micron technology. Price is US$360. It can access 1 MB of memory. Speed is 0.33 MIPS. Later speeds included 8 MHz (0.66 MIPS) and 10 MHz (0.75 MIPS). [4] * Gutenberg Bible (one of 21) sells for US$2.4 million, London. [1] June 12 * David Berkowitz sentenced in New York Supreme Court to 25 years to life. [1] June 15 * Jordan's King Hussein marries Elizabeth Halaby, 26-year-old American. [1] * Soyuz 29 carries two cosmonauts to Salyut 6; they stay 139 days. [1] June 17 * Cully Richards, actor (Don't Call Me Charlie), dies at age 68. [1] June 22 * Charon, a satellite of the dwarf planet Pluto, is discovered by James Christy. [1] [5] June 26 * Brittany separatists bomb Palace of Versailles in France. [1] June 27 * Soyuz 30 carries two cosmonauts (one Polish) to Salyut 6 space station. [1] * US Seasat 1, first oceanographic satellite, launched into polar orbit. [1]

639

June 28 * UNICEF chooses rock group Kansas as ambassadors of goodwill. [1] June 29 * Actor Bob Crane (Hogan's Heroes), murdered at age 49. [1] [5] * US Vice President Walter F Mondale begins trip to Mid-East. [1] 1978 July 1 * Former US President Richard Nixon makes first public speech since resigning in 1974. [1] * Northern Territory of Australia becomes self-governing. [1] July 3 * James Daly, actor (Medical Center), dies at age 59. [1] July 4 * L Chernykh discovers asteroid #3332. [1] July 5 * Soyuz 30 spacecraft touches down in Soviet Kazakhstan. [1] July 6 * Israeli jet fighters swoop over mostly Muslim West Beirut. [1] July 7 * Solomon Island gains independence from Britain (National Day). [1] July 8 * Pioneer-Venus 2 Multi-probe launched to Venus. [1] July 9 * L Chernykh discovers asteroid #2530 Shipka. [1]

640

* Nearly 100,000 demonstrators march on Washington DC for Equal Rights Amendment. [1] July 10 * E F Helinand E Shoemaker discovers asteroid #3484. [1] * Military coup in Mauritania. [1] July 13 * Alexander Ginzburg sentenced by Soviet court to eight years. [1] * BBC bans Sex Pistols' song "No One is Innocent". [1] * Lee Iacocca fired as Ford Motor President by chairman Henry Ford II. [1] * Walter Poenisch completes swim of 207 km from Cuba to Florida. [1] July 18 * Egyptian and Israeli officials begin two days of talks. [1] July 21 * US Postal Service and unions agree on a contract averting mail strike. [1] * World's strongest dog, 80-kg Saint Bernard, pulls 2909-kg load 27 metres. [1] July 23 * Israeli cabinet rejects Egyptian President Anwar Sadat's call for return of two Sinai areas. [1] July 24 * Film Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band premieres in New York City. [1] July 25 * Birth of Louise Brown in Oldham, England, world's first 'test tube baby'. [1] July 28 * Perth Observatory discovers asteroids #3188 and #3422. [1] * Price of gold tops US$200 per ounce level for first time. [1] * Universal Pictures releases the film Animal House to theaters in the USA. [8] July 29 * 600,000 attend "Summer Jam" rock festival, Watkins Glen, New York. [1]

641

* Pioneer 11 transmits images of Saturn and its rings. [1] July 31 * Enoch Light, orchestra leader (Gulf Road Show with Bob Smith), dies at age 70. [1] August 5 * Queenie Smith, actress/dancer (Funny Side), dies at age 79. [1] August 6 * Pope Paul VI dies of heart attack at summer residence at age 80. [1] August 7 * Thousands of mourners file past the body of Pope Paul VI. [1] August 8 * Pioneer-Venus 2 with five atmospheric probes launched toward Venus. [1] August 11 * Funeral of Pope Paul VI. [1] August 15 * US House of Representatives approves (233-169), 39-month extension for Equal Rights Amendment. [1] August 17 * Double Eagle II becomes the first balloon to cross the Atlantic Ocean. [1] [5] August 19 * 422 die in an arson fire at a movie theater in Iran. [1] August 20 * Gunmen open fire on an Israeli El Al Airline bus in London, England. [1] * Mark Vinchesi of Amherst, Massachusetts keeps a frisbee aloft 15.2 seconds. [1] August 22

642

* Jomo Kenyatta, president of Kenya, dies at age 83. [1] August 26 * Cardinal Albino Luciani of Venice becomes Pope John Paul I. [1] * Charles Boyer, actor (The Rogues), dies at age 78. [1] * Soyuz 31 carries two cosmonauts (one East German) to Salyut 6. [1] [5] August 27 * Robert Shaw, actor (Dan - Buccaneers), dies at age 51. [1] August 28 * Donald Vesco rides 21-foot long Kawasaki motorcycle at 318.598 mph. [1] August 31 * Symbionese Liberation Army founders William and Emily Harris plead guilty to 1974 kidnapping of newspaper heiress Patricia Hearst. [1] September 2 * John McClain performs 180 outside loops in an airplane over Houston, Texas. [1] September 3 * Crew of Soyuz 31 returns to Earth aboard Soyuz 29. [1] * Pope John Paul I is officially installed as 264th supreme pontiff. [1] September 5 * Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, Israeli Begin and US President Jimmy Carter begin peace conference at Camp David, Maryland. [1] September 7 * Keith Moon, drummer for rock group The Who, dies. [5] September 12 * Situation comedy Taxi premieres on ABC television. [1] September 16 * 25,000 die in 7.7 earthquake in Iran. [1]

643

September 17 * Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and US President Jimmy Carter sign the Camp David accord. [1] September 22 * Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin returns home after Camp David summit. [1] September 23 * 100,000 cheering Egyptians welcome President Anwar Sadat home from Camp David summit. [1] September 25 * PSA Boeing 727 and a Cessna private plane collide by San Diego, California; 144 die. [1] September 28 * Israeli Knesset endorses Camp David accord. [1] * Pope John Paul I, 65-year-old found dead, after only 33 days as Pope. [1] September 30 * Edgar Bergen, ventriloquist (Charlie McCarthy), dies at age 75. [1] October 1 * Tuvalu (Ellice Islands) gains independence from Britain. [1] October 3 * Gold hits record US$223.50 an ounce in London, England. [1] October 4 * Funeral services held for Pope John Paul I. [1] October 5 * Isaac Bashevis Singer wins the Nobel Prize for Literature. [1] October 8

644

* Karl Swenson, actor (Lara - Little House on the Prairie), dies at age 70. [1] October 10 * British pop magazine Smash Hits is first published. [1] * US President Jimmy Carter signs a bill authorizing the Susan B Anthony dollar coin. [1] * Ralph H Metcalfe (Representative-Democrat-Illinois), dies at age 68. [1] October 11 * Aristides Royo elected president of Panama. [1] October 12 * Representatives of Israel and Egypt open talks in Washington. [1] October 13 * Tiros N, US's first third-generation weather satellite, is launched. [1] October 14 * First TV movie from a TV series-Rescue from Gilligan's Island. [1] October 16 * Dan Dailey, actor (Governor Drinkwater-Governor and JJ), dies at age 63. [1] * Polish Cardinal Karol Wojtyla elected supreme pontiff-John Paul II. [1] October 17 * US President Jimmy Carter signs bill restoring Jefferson Davis' citizenship. [1] October 18 * First daughter Susan Ford announces engagement to Charles F Vance. [1] October 19 * Gig Young kills his bride of three weeks and then commits suicide at age 64. [1] October 23 * Maybelle Carter, country singer (Johnny Cash Show), dies at age 69. [1]

645

October 25 * Israeli Cabinet approves "in principle," a draft compromise peace with Egypt. [1] October 27 * Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat win the Nobel Peace prize. [1] * US President Jimmy Carter signs Hawkins-Humphrey full employment bill. [1] October 30 * Edgar Bergen dies. [5] * Laura Nickel and Curt Noll find 25th Mersenne prime, 2 ^ 21701 - 1. [1] November 2 * Crew of Soyuz 29 returns to Earth aboard Soyuz 31. [1] November 3 * Mickey Mouse is given a gold star on Hollywood Boulevard's Walk of Fame, the first cartoon character to be so honored. [6] * United Kingdom grants Dominica independence (National Day). [1] November 4 * Iranian troops fire on anti-Shah student protesters by Tehran University. [1] November 5 * Iranian Prime Minister Jaafar Sharif-Emami resigns to Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi. [1] November 6 * Flora Campbell, actress (Faraway Hill, Date With Judy), dies at age 67. [1] * Shah of Iran places Iran under military rule. [1] November 8 * Norman Rockwell, artist, dies in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, at age 84. [1] November 9

646

* Joe Wong, actor (Ken Murray Show), dies at age 75. [1] November 10 * Israel's top negotiators break away from Middle East peace talks. [1] November 13 * NASA launches HEAO. [1] November 15 * 183 die as Icelandic Airlines DC-8 crashes in Colombo, Sri Lanka. [1] * Margaret Mead, anthropologist, dies in New York at age 76. [1] November 17 * Claude Dauphin, actor (Paris Precinct), dies at age 75. [1] November 18 * Leo J Ryan (Republican-California) and four killed in Jonestown, Guyana. [1] November 25 * American Airlines DC-10 crashes on takeoff from Chicago, kills 275. [1] November 26 * Ten die as fire erupts at Holiday Inn in Rochester, New York. [1] November 27 * George Moscone (San Francisco Mayor) and City Superintendant Harvey Milk shot by Dan White. [1] November 29 * United Nations observes "international day of solidarity with the Palestinian people," boycotted by US and about 20 other countries. [1] December 1 * US President Jimmy Carter more than doubles national park system size. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1]

647

December 2 * Chanting "Allah is great", anti-Shah protesters poured through Tehran, Iran. [1] * Neil Diamond and Barbra Streisand's "You Don't Bring Me Flowers" hits #1. [1] December 3 * William Grant Still, composer, dies at age 83. [1] December 4 * Dutch War criminal Pieter Menten freed. [1] * Pioneer Venus 1 goes into orbit around Venus. [1] * Samuel Abraham Goldsmith, Netherlands/US phycist, dies at age 76. [1] December 5 * European Union establishes EMS, European Monetary System. [1] December 6 * Spain adopts constitution. [1] December 8 * Golda Meir, Israel's Prime Minister (1969-74), dies in Jerusalem at age 80. [1] December 9 * Pioneer Venus 2 drops five probes into atmosphere of Venus. [1] December 10 * Edward D Wood Jr, director (Plan 9), dies of heart failure at age 54. [1] * In Oslo, Norway, Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat accept 1978 Nobel Peace Prize. [1] * Miura Isshu, Zen teacher, Hakuin Rinzai line, dies at age 75. [1] December 11 * Six masked men bound ten employees at Lufthansa cargo area at New York Kennedy Airport and make off with US$5.8 million in cash and jewelry. [1] December 12 * Clifton Chenier, US accordionist (Bayou Blues), dies at age 53. [1]

648

* Fay Compton, actress (Othello), dies at age 74. [1] December 13 * Susan B Anthony dollar, first US coin to honor a woman, issued. [1] December 14 * People's Republic of China performs nuclear test at Lop Nor. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] December 15 * Chill Wills, actor (Frontier Circus, Rounders), dies at age 75. [1] * Saint Maarten Patriotic Movement (SPM) forms under W James. [1] December 16 * Blanche Calloway, US singer/dancer/radio hostess, dies at age 76. [1] * Ronald Reagan denounces President Jimmy Carter's recognition of People's Republic of China. [1] December 17 * OPEC raises oil prices 18 percent. [1] * Referendum approves new constitution of Rwanda. [1] December 18 * France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island. [1] * USSR performs underground nuclear test. [1] December 19 * Indira Gandhi ambushed in India. [1] December 20 * H R Haldeman, President Richard Nixon's White House chief of staff released from jail. [1] December 21 * Police in Des Plaines, Illinois, arrest John Wayne Gacy Jr for murder. [1] December 22

649

* Kenny Jones becomes The Who's new drummer. [1] * Thailand adopts constitution. [1] December 26 * India's former Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi, released from jail. [1] December 27 * Bob de Lange, Dutch actor/director (Daniel), dies at age 62. [1] * Chris Bell, rock guitarist (Big Star), dies at age 27 in car crash. [1] * Houari Boumédiene, Algerian President, dies after 40 days in a coma at age 53. [1] * King Juan Carlos ratifies Spain's first democratic constitution. [1] December 28 * Harry Winston, US jeweler for the "rich and famous", dies at age 82. [1] December 29 * Shah of Iran asks Shapour Bahktiar to form a civilian government. [1] * Spain constitution goes into effect. [1] December 30 * King and I closes at Uris Theater in New York City after 719 performances. [1] December 31 * Magic Show closes at Cort Theater in New York City after 1859 performances. [1] * US Central Intelligence Agency director, Admiral Stansfield Turner retires from the Navy. [1] * Iran shah names Chapour Bakhtiar premier. [1] * Taiwan's final day of diplomatic relations with the US. [1]

650

1979 January 1 * International Year of the Child begins. [1] * Jura, 26th canton of Switzerland, established. [1] * US and People's Republic of China begin diplomatic relations. [1] * The European Currency System (EWS, Europaische Wahrungssystem) comes into force. The ECU is created. The name ECU is later changed to the Euro. [37] January 3 * Conrad Hilton, US founder (Hilton Hotels), dies at age 91. [1] January 5 * Charles Mingus, US jazz bassist/composer/orchestra leader, dies of heart attack at age 56. [1] January 7 * Zbigniew Turski, composer, dies at age 70. [1] January 8 * 512 die as oil tanker Bantry Bay blows up. [1] * Argentina and Chile sign Beagle Canal accord. [1] * Vietnamese troops overtake Khmer Rouge and occupy Phnom Penh. [1] January 9 * Avery Claflin, composer, dies at age 80. [1] * Bollingen Prize for poetry awarded to WS Merwin. [1] * K-Mart pulls Steve Martin's "Let's Get Small" for being in "bad taste". [1] * Sara Carter, vocalist/guitarist (Carter Family), dies at age 80. [1] * US Supreme Court strikes down (6-3) Pennsylvania law requiring doctors performing an abortion to try to preserve lives of potentially viable fetuses. [1] January 11 * Jack Soo, actor (Nick Yemana - Barney Miller, Green Berets), dies at age 63. [1] January 12 * 6th American Music Awards: Barry Manilow, Linda Ronstadt win. [1]

651

* Los Angeles's Hillside Strangler, Kenneth Bianchi, arrested in Bellingham, Washington. [1] * Record blizzard strikes American midwest killing over 100. [1] January 13 * Charlie Daniels hosts the Volunteer Jam. [1] * Donny Hathaway, of Chicago, Illinois, rocker (Ghetto), commits suicide at age 33. [1] * YMCA files libel suit against Village People's "YMCA" song. [1] January 14 * US President Jimmy Carter proposes Martin Luther King's birthday be a holiday. [1] January 16 * Fred Elizalde, composer, dies at age 71. [1] * Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlevi of Iran flees for Egypt. [1] * Ted Cassidy of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, actor (Lurch - Addams Family), dies at age 46. [1] January 17 * USSR performs underground nuclear test. [1] January 18 * Cyril Mockridge, composer, dies at age 82. [1] * Peter Jenkins finishes "A Walk Across America", Florence, Oregon. [1] January 19 * John N Mitchell (former Attorney General) released on parole from federal prison. [1] * Paul Meurisse, actor (Diabolique, Truth, Suspects, Monocle), dies. [1] January 21 * Neptune becomes outermost planet (Pluto moves closer). [1] January 22 * Ali Hassan Salameh [Abu Hassan], killed by car bomb; believed to have helped mastermind massacre of 1972 Munich Olympics athletes. [1]

652

January 24 * Jerry Damon, comedian (That Was The Week That Was), dies at age 51. [1] * Mabel Taliaferro, actress (My Love Come Back), dies at age 91. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] January 25 * 22.2-km Oshimizu railroad tunnel holed through, central Honshu, Japan. [1] * J Robertson Hare, actor (Fighting Stock), dies at age 87. [1] * Pope John Paul II's first overseas trip as supreme pontiff. [1] January 26 * The Dukes of Hazzard premieres on CBS-TV. [1] * Music Center Vredenburg opens in Utrecht, Netherlands. [1] * Nelson Rockefeller, former Vice President and four time Governor of New York, dies at age 70. [1] January 27 * 36th Golden Globes: Midnight Express, Jon Voight and Jane Fonda. [1] January 28 * Wiz closes at Majestic Theater New York City, New York after 1672 performances. [1] January 29 * Brenda Spencer kills two, inspires Boomtown Rats "I Don't Like Mondays". [1] * Chinese vice-premier Deng Xiaoping visits Washington DC. [1] * President Carter commutes Patricia Hearst's seven-year sentence to two years. [1] January 30 * Rhodesia agrees to new constitution. [1] February 1 * Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returns to Iran after 15 years in exile. [1] * Mort Marshall, actor (Cully-Dumplings), dies at age 60. [1] * Patricia Hearst is released from a San Francisco prison for bank robbery. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] February 2

653

* Sid Vicious [John Simon Ritchie], bassist (Sex Pistols), dies of a heroin overdose at age 31. [1] February 3 * Jody Gilbert, actress (Willard, Shaggy, Blonde Dynamite), dies. [1] February 4 * Co-Ed Fever, TV Comedy, debut and cancelled that outing on CBS. [1] February 5 * Costliest single periodical ad, $3.2 million, Gulf + Western in Time. [1] * Sears Radio Theater premieres on CBS. [1] February 6 * Alain Teister, Dutch sculptor/writer, dies at age 47. [1] * Arthur van Schendel, Dutch art historian, dies at age 68. [1] * Supreme court of Lahore affirms death sentence against premier Bhutto. [1] February 7 * Colonel Benjedid Chadli succeeds President Boumédienne in Algeria. [1] * Josef Mengele, concentration camp doctor, drowns. [1] * Neptune becomes farthest planet from the sun in our solar system (will remain that way for 20 years). [1] February 8 * Nikolay Semyonovich Tikhonov, Russian poet, dies at age 82. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] February 9 * ABC airs Heroes of Rock N Roll special. [1] * Nigeria amends constitution. [1] February 10 * "Da Ya Think I'm Sexy?" by Rod Stewart peaks at #1. [1] February 11

654

* 43 million watch Elvis! on ABC. [1] * Iran's premier Bakhtiar resigns, Ayatollah Khomeini seizes power. [1] * Musical They're Playing Our Song premieres at Imperial theater in New York City for 1082 performances. [1] February 12 * Jean Renoir, French writer/director (Human Beast), dies at age 84. [1] * Kosmos 1076, first Soviet oceanographic satellite, launched. [1] February 13 * Jean Renoir, actor/director (Rules of the Game), dies at age 84. [1] * Washington State's Hood Canal Bridge breaks up in windstorm. [1] February 14 * Adolph Dubs, US ambassador to Afghanistan, murdered. [1] February 15 * 21st Grammy Awards: "Just the Way You Are", Taste of Honey win. [1] * Alex Bradford, actor/composer (Your Arms too Short...), dies at age 51. [1] * Mehdi Rahimi, Iran General/military Governor of Tehran, executed. [1] * Paul Shirley (21) of Australia sucks a lifesaver for 4 hours 40 minutes. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] February 16 * Louise Allbritton, actress (Celia - Stage Door), dies at age 58. [1] * Nematullah Nassiri, Iran General/head of Savak, executed. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] * William Gargan, actor (New Adventures of Martin Kane), dies at age 73. [1] February 17 * Chinese troops invade Vietnam. [1] * William Gargan, actor (Rain, Bells of Saint Mary), dies at age 73. [1] February 18 * -52 degrees F (-47 degrees C), Old Forge, New York (state record). [1] * Miniseries Roots: The Next Generations premieres on ABC TV. [1] * NASA launches space vehicle S-202. [1] * President Zia ur-Rahmans National Party wins elections in Bangladesh. [1] * Snow falls in the African Sahara Desert. [1]

655

February 21 * Japan launches Hakucho x-ray satellite and Corsa-B (550/580 km). [1] * Ray Whitley, composer, dies. [1] February 22 * Saint Lucia gains independence from Britain. [1] February 24 * Highest price ever paid for a pig, US$42,500, in Stamford, Texas. [1] * War between North and South Yemen begins. [1] February 25 * Soyuz 32 carries two cosmonauts to Salyut 6 space station. [1] February 26 * Last total eclipse of Sun in 20th century for continental USA. [1] February 28 * Jane Hylton, English actress (Adventures of Sir Lancelot), dies at age 52. [1] * Mr Ed, TV show talking horse, dies. [1] March 1 * Sweeney Todd opens at Uris Theater in New York City for 557 performances. [1] * Dolores Costello, actress (Noah's Ark, Expensive Women), dies at age 73. [1] * Molla Mustafa Barzani, Iranian Kurd leader (KDP), dies at age 75. [1] March 2 * Edith Craig, actress (Harmony Lane, Smashing Rackets), dies at age 71. [1] * Sir Richard Sykes, British ambassador, is assassinated in Holland. [1] March 4 * 200th episode of TV show All in the Family. [1] * US Voyager I photo reveals Jupiter's rings. [1] March 5

656

* Vicente Ascone, composer, dies at age 81. [1] * Voyager I's closest approach to Jupiter (172,000 miles). [1] March 6 * Charles Wagenheim, actor (Halligan - Gunsmoke), dies at age 83. [1] March 7 * Guiomar Novaes, pianist (Brazilian Order of Merit), dies at age 84. [1] * Klaus Egge, Norwegian composer (Fanitullen), dies at age 72. [1] March 8 * First extraterrestrial volcano discovered (Jupiter's satellite Io). [1] * 5th People's Choice Awards. [1] * China withdraws invasion troops from Vietnam. [1] * Shuttle Columbia (OV-102) transported 38 miles overland from Palmdale. [1] March 9 * Barbara Mullen, actress (Talk of a Million), dies at age 64. [1] * France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island. [1] March 11 * Victor Kilian, actor (Gentleman's Agreement), dies at age 88. [1] March 13 * European Monetary System is established, ECU created. [1] * Gairy dictatorship in Grenada overthrown by New Jewel Movement. [1] March 16 * Jean Monnet, French economist/CEO (ECSC), dies at age 90. [1] March 18 * On the 20th Century closes at Saint James Theater in New York City after 460 performances. [1] * Battles between Kurds and Iranians break in Sananday, Iran. [1] March 19 * Al Hodge, actor (Captain Video), dies at age 65. [1]

657

* House of Representatives begins live TV broadcasts via C-SPAN. [1] * Richard Beckinsale, actor (Doing Time, Porridge, Lovers), dies at age 31. [1] March 20 * Columbia flies on Shuttle carrier aircraft to Kennedy Space Center. [1] March 21 * Egyptian Parliament unanimously approves peace treaty with Israel. [1] March 22 * Ben Lyon, actor (I Cover the Waterfront, Indiscreet), dies at age 78. [1] * Israeli parliament approves peace treaty with Egypt. [1] March 23 * Philip Bourneuf, actor (Big Night, Frankenstein), dies at age 71. [1] March 24 * Space shuttle Columbia flown on aircraft carrier lands at Kennedy Space Center. [1] * Yvonne Mitchell, writer, dies at age 53. [1] March 25 * Anton Heiller, composer, dies at age 55. [1] * The first fully functional space shuttle orbiter (Columbia) is delivered to the John F. Kennedy Space Center to be prepared for its first launch. [5] March 26 * Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat sign peace treaty in Washington DC. [1] * Jean Stafford, US author (Boston Adventure), dies at age 63. [1] March 27 * Ronald Adam, actor (Phantom Shot), dies at age 82. [1] * US Supreme Court rules 8-1 that police can't randomly stop cars. [1] March 28 * British government of Callaghan falls. [1] * Emmett Kelly, circus clown (Weary Willy), dies at age 80. [1]

658

* Major nuclear accident at Three Mile Island, Middletown, Pennsylvania (no deaths). [1] March 29 * Melville Cooper, TV panelist (I Got a Secret), dies at age 82. [1] March 30 * Airey Neave, British Member of Parliament (Conservatives), killed by terrorist bomb. [1] April 1 * Iran proclaimed an Islamic Republic following fall of Shah. [1] * Marinus Peijnenburg, Dutch politician, dies at age 51. [1] April 2 * Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin visits Cairo, Egypt; meets President Anwar Sadat. [1] April 3 * Belgium's Martens government forms. [1] April 4 * Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, former Pakistani President, hanged in Pakistan at age 51. [1] April 5 * Ex-premier Pol Jar flees out of Cambodia. [1] * Pioneer 11 launched towards Jupiter. [1] April 6 * Milton Ager, US composer, dies at age 85. [1] April 7 * Bruno Apitz, writer, dies at age 78. [1] April 8 * 204th and final episode of All in the Family. [1]

659

* People's Republic of China joins International Olympic Committee. [1] April 9 * 51st Academy Awards - The Deer Hunter, Jon Voight and Jane Fonda win. Walter Lantz is given an honorary Oscar for his animated motion pictures. [1] [36.39] * Staats Cotsworth dies at age 71. [1] April 10 * Henriëtte P "Hetty" Beck, actress (Dodendans), dies at age 91. [1] * Nino Rota, Italian composer (Torquemada), dies at age 67. [1] * Soyuz 33 launched with a Russian and a Bulgarian. [1] April 11 * Ugandan dictator Idi Amin overthrown; Tanzania takes Kampala. [1] April 12 * Soyuz 33 returns to Earth. [1] April 13 * Christian Turks occupy Saint Jansbasiliek. [1] * Yusuf Lule becomes premier of Uganda. [1] April 14 * Susan Horvath, of Pennsylvania, crowned America's Young Woman of the Year. [1] April 16 * Failed Palestinian attack on Zaventem Airport in Belgium. [1] * Pulitzer prize awarded to Sam Shepard for Buried Child. [1] April 18 * Real People premieres on NBC TV. [1] * Major Haddad declares South-Lebanon independent. [1] April 20 * Peter Donald, host (Masquerade Party), dies at age 60. [1] April 22

660

* Keith Richards and The New Barbarians give a concert to benefit the Canadian National Institute for the Blind in Ottawa, Canada. [1] April 24 * John Carroll, actor (Hired Wife, Fiesta, Geraldine), dies at age 72. [1] * Rhodesian bishop Muzorewa wins general election. [1] April 25 * Peace treaty between Israel and Egypt goes into effect. [1] April 28 * Feliks Roderyk Labunski, composer, dies at age 86. [1] April 29 * Julia A Perry, US composer/conductor (Soul Symphony), dies at age 55. [1] April 30 * Mary Therese Friel of New York crowned 28th Miss USA. [1] May 1 * Elton John becomes first pop star to perform in Israel. [1] * Home rule introduced to Kalaallit Nunaat (Greenland). [1] * Marshall Islands (in the Pacific) become self-governing. [1] May 2 * Quadrophenia by rock group The Who premieres in London, England. [1] * 14th Academy of Country Music Awards: Kenny Rogers and Barbara Mandrell win. [1] May 3 * Erin O'Brien-Moore, actress (Nurse Choate - Peyton Place), dies at age 76. [1] May 4 * First woman prime minister of Great Britain (Margaret Thatcher). [1] * NASA launches Fltsatcom-2. [1]

661

May 5 * Masterpiece Radio Theater begins broadcasting. [1] * Shirley O'Hara, actress (Wild Party), dies at age 68. [1] * Voyager 1 passes Jupiter. [1] May 6 * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] May 7 * 5th UNCTAD-conference opens in Manila, Philippines. [1] May 8 * Radio Shack releases TRSDOS 2.3. [1] * Talcott Parsons, US sociologist, dies at age 76. [1] May 9 * Cyrus S Eaton, Canada/US multi-millionaire, dies at age 95. [1] * Lan Adomian, composer, dies at age 73. [1] * US and USSR sign Salt 2 treaty, limiting nuclear weapons. [1] May 10 * Federated States of Micronesia becomes self-governing. [1] * John Cameron Andrieu Bingham Morton, satirist (Beachcomber), dies. [1] * Louis Paul Boon, Flemish writer (Eros and the Lonely Man), dies at age 67. [1] * Vivekananda (Sri Lanka) completes nonstop cycle ride of 187 hours, 28 minutes, around Vihara Maha Devi Park, Colombo, Sri Lanka. [1] May 11 * Joan Chandler dies at age 55. [1] * Lester Raymond Flatt, musician (Flatt and Scruggs - "Ballad of Jed Clampett"), dies at age 64. [1] May 13 * Nelly Aenders, actress (In Pyama), dies at age 65. [1] * Shah and family sentenced to death in Teheran, Iran. [1] May 14

662

* Paul van 't Veeer, Dutch journalist/writer (Vrije Volk), dies at age 57. [1] May 16 * Asa Philip Randolph, labor leader and civil rights pioneer, dies at age 90. [1] May 17 * -12 degrees F (-11 degrees C), on top of Mauna Kea, Hawaii (state record). [1] May 21 * Dan White convicted of manslaughter death of San Francisco mayor Moscone. [1] * Elton John becomes first western rocker to perform live in the USSR. [1] * National Volksraad installed in Namibia. [1] May 22 * Canadians elect conservatives, Joseph Clark replaces Pierre Trudeau. [1] May 23 * Film The Kids Are Alright starring rock group The Who premieres. [1] * Hubert van Doorne, auto manufacturer (DAF), dies at age 79. [1] * Rocker Tom Petty files chapter 11 bankruptcy. [1] * West Germany elects Karl Carstens president. [1] May 24 * Jan Arvan, actor (Red Skelton Show, Zorro), dies. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] May 25 * American Airlines DC-10 crashes in Chicago, Illinois killing 275. [1] * Israel begins to return Sinai to Egypt. [1] May 26 * George Brent, actor (Baby Face, Dark Victory, 42nd St), dies at age 75. [1] May 27 * Pope John Paul ordains John J O'Conner as a bishop. [1] May 28

663

* European Market accepts Greece as member. [1] May 29 * Bishop Abel Muzorewa is sworn in as Zimbabwe's Prime Minister. [1] * Mary Pickford, actress (Coquette, Suds, Secrets), dies at age 86. [1] May 30 * Jack Raine, actor (Quartet), dies at age 82. [1] * Percom Data Company Inc release Microdos for Radio Shack's TRS-80. [1] * Ted Coombs begins a 5,193-mile roller skate from Los Angeles to New York City. [1] May 31 * Radio City Music Hall (New York City) reopens. [1] * Zimbabwe proclaims independence. [1] June 1 * Intel introduces the 4.77 MHz 8088 microprocessor. It was created as a stepping stone to the 8086, as it operates on 16 bits internally, but supports an 8-bit data bus, to use existing 8-bit device-controlling chips. It contains 29,000 transistors, using 3-micron technology, and can directly address 1 MB of memory. Speed is 0.33 MIPS. [4] June 2 * Jim Hutton, actor (Ellery Queen), dies at age 45. [1] * John Paul II becomes first pope to visit a communist country (Poland). [1] * NASA launches space vehicle S-198. [1] June 3 * Ixtoc I rig in Gulf of Mexico blows; 3 million barrels of oil spilled. [1] June 7 * Bhaskara 1, Indian Earth resources/meteorology satellite, launched. [1] * Rocker Chuck Berry is charged with tax evasion. [1] June 8 * Herb Polesie, producer/playwright (20 Questions), dies at age 79. [1] * The Source, first computer public information service, goes online. [1]

664

June 9 * Michael Cairney topples a record row of 169,713 dominoes. [1] June 11 * John Wayne, American film actor starring in over 250 films, dies at age 72 after battling cancer for more than a decade. Notable films: Stagecoach (1939), Fort Apache (1948), She Wore a Yellow Ribbon (1949), Rio Grande (1950), The Quiet Man (1952) and The Man Who Shot Liberty Valence (1962). He produced, directed and starred in The Alamo (1960) and The Green Berets (1968), an won an Oscar for playing Rooster Cogburn in True Grit. [1] [129] June 12 * Bryan Allen flies man-powered Gossamer Albatross over English Channel in a human-powered aircraft; flight took 2 hours, 49 minutes. [1] * Kevin Saint Onge throws a playing card a record 185 feet. [1] June 13 * Darla Hood, actress (Little Rascals), dies. [1] June 14 * Rock group "Little Feat" disbands. [1] June 15 * First space shuttle solid rocket booster qualification test firing; 122 seconds. [1] June 16 * H-E Schuster discovers asteroid #2275. [1] June 17 * Lou Frizzel, actor (Dusty Rhoades - Bonanza), dies at age 58. [1] June 22 * Emory Parnell, actor (Life of Riley), dies at age 85 in Saint Paul, Minnesota. [1] * Julius Sommer dies of heart failure, buried in Dayton Ohio. [1] June 23

665

* The Charlie Daniels Band releases "The Devil Went Down to Georgia". [1] * Rock group The Knack releases "My Sharona". [1] June 25 * E F Helin and S J Bus discovers asteroid #2343 Siding Spring. [1] June 29 * The Dow Jones Industrial Average removes Chrysler and Esmark from its index, replacing them with International Business Machines and Merck. [227] [228] * Lowell George, rocker (Mothers of Invention. Little Feat), dies at age 34. [1] June 30 * Johnny Rotten and Joan Collins appear together on BBC's Juke Box Jury. [1] July 1 * Richard Ward, actor (Beacon Hill), dies at age 64. [1] * Stampede Pass, Washington is covered with 6 inches of snow. [1] * Sony introduces the Walkman, portable cassette player. [5] July 5 * Judson Laire, actor/singer (Papa-Mama), dies at age 76. [1] July 8 * John Reed King, TV host (Why?, Let's See), dies at age 64. [1] * Voyager 2 takes first ever photo of Jupiter's satellite Adrastea (J14). [1] July 9 * Dr Walter Massey is named director of Argonne national Lab. [1] * Voyager 2 flies past Jupiter. [1] July 10 * Arthur Fiedler, orchestra leader (Boston Pops), dies at age 84. [1] July 11 * American Skylab space station enters the atmosphere over Australia and disintegrates. [1] [5]

666

July 12 * Kiribati (Gilbert and Ellice Islands) gains independence from Britain. [1] * Minnie Ripperton, singer (Lovin' You), dies of cancer at age 30. [1] July 14 * George De Witt, TV host (Name that Tune), dies at age 56. [1] July 18 * Gold hits record US$303.85 an ounce in London, England. [1] July 19 * Two supertankers collide off Tobago-260,000 tons of oil spill. [1] * Nicaragua Liberation Day; Sandinistas take over from Somoza. [1] July 20 * 44kg Newfoundland dog pulls 2293kg load, in Bothell, Washington. [1] July 21 * N Chernykh discovers asteroids #2585 Irpedina and #3298. [1] * National Women's Hall of Fame (Seneca Falls, New York) dedicated. [1] July 22 * Hope Summers, actress (Clara - Andy Griffith Show), dies at age 78. [1] July 23 * E Bowell discovers asteroid #2736 Ops. [1] * Keith Godchaux, rocker (Grateful Dead), dies in a car accident at age 32. [1] July 24 * Archie Duncan, actor (Sherlock Holmes), dies at age 65. [1] July 26 * Estimated 109 cm (43 inches) of rain falls in Alvin, Texas (national record). [1] July 31

667

* N Chernykh discovers asteroids #2402 Satpaev and #2416 Sharonov. [1] August 2 * Thurmon Munson is killed in a plane crash at Akron, Ohio at age 32. [1] August 3 * Fastest jai-alai shot (188 mph), Jose Arieto at Newport Jai Alai, Rhode Island. [1] August 6 * Kurt Kaszner, actor (Commander Fitzhugh - Land of the Giants), dies at age 65. [1] August 9 * Allan Frank, actor (Charade Quiz), dies at age 64. [1] August 10 * Dick Foran, actor (OK Crackerby), dies at age 69. [1] August 11 * 28 degrees F in Embarrass, Minnesota. [1] August 14 * Rainbow seen in Northern Wales for a three hour duration. [1] August 15 * Andrew Young resigns as United Nations ambassador. [1] August 17 * Vivian Vance, actress (Ethel Mertz - I Love Lucy), dies at age 72. [1] [5] August 19 * Crew of Soyuz 32 returns to Earth aboard Soyuz 34 after 175-day flight. [1] August 23 * Bolshoi Ballet dancer Alexander Godunov defects in New York City. [1]

668

* United Nations' Vienna (Austria) office opens. [1] August 24 * United Nations' Vienna office begins issuing postage stamps. [1] August 25 * Stan Kenton, orchestra leader (Music 55), dies at age 67. [1] August 27 * Earl Mountbatten, British Admiral of the Fleet, is assassinated by Irish Republican Army. [1] August 30 * First recorded occurrence - comet Howard-Koomur-Michels hits sun (energy equals 1 million hydrogen bombs). [1] * US President Jimmy Carter attacked by a rabbit on a canoe trip in Plains, Georgia. [1] August 31 * Donald McHenry named to succeed Andrew Young as United Nations ambassador. [1] September 1 * Los Angeles Court orders Clayton Moore to stop wearing Lone Ranger mask. [1] * Pioneer 11 makes first fly-by of Saturn, discovers new moon, rings. [1] September 2 * The Big Thunder Mountain Railroad ride opens in Frontierland at Disneyland. It cost US$15.8 million to build. [6] September 3 * Hurricane David, a strong Atlantic storm, kills over 1,000. [1] September 5 * Earl of Mountbatten funeral held in Burma. [1] September 7

669

* Five-day MUSE concert against nuclear energy opens at Madison Square Gardens, New York. [1] September 8 * Jean Seberg, actress, dies at age 40. [1] September 9 * Sid Bernstein offers US$500 million for a Beatles reunion. [1] September 10 * Three Puerto Rican nationalists who attempted to kill US President Harry Truman are freed. [1] September 13 * South Africa grants Venda independence (not recognized out of South Africa). [1] September 14 * Theodore Coombs completes 5,193 mile roller skate from Los Angeles to New York City and back to Yates Center, Kansas. [1] September 15 * Tommy Leonetti, singer/actor (Gomer Pyle USMC), dies at age 50. [1] September 18 * Bolshoi Ballet dancers Leonid and Valentina Kozlov defect. [1] * Gene Kelly, sportscaster (Sportsreel), dies at age 60. [1] * Steven Lachs is appointed California's first admittedly gay judge. [1] September 20 * Bloodless coup in Central African Republic overthrows Emperor Bokassa I. [1] * NASA launches HEAO. [1] September 21 * John McQuade, actor (Charlie Wild Private Detective), dies at age 73. [1] September 23

670

* Jane Fonda and 200,000 attend anti-nuke rally in Battery Park, New York City. [1] September 24 * CompuServe system started. [1] September 27 * US Congress' final approval to create Department of Education. [1] * Jimmy McCullough, musician (Wings), dies of a drug overdose at age 26. [1] September 29 * Gold hits record US$400.20 an ounce in Hong Kong. [1] * Pope John Paul II becomes first pope to visit Ireland. [1] October 1 * US returns Canal Zone to Panama after 75 years (but not the canal). [1] October 3 * Charles White, artist, dies at age 61 in Los Angeles, California. [1] * Claudia Jennings, Playboy playmate (November 1969)/actress, dies at age 29. [1] October 6 * Pope John Paul II is first Pope to visit the White House. [1] October 10 * Panama assumes sovereignty over Canal Area (ie Canal Zone). [1] October 11 * Allan McLeod Cormack and Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield win Nobel Prize for medicine for developing the CAT scan. [1] October 13 * Clarence Muse, actor (Sam - Casablanca), dies at age 90. [1] October 17 * Mother Teresa of India is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. [1] [5]

671

* Personal Software releases VisiCalc for the Apple II, for US$99. (Over its lifetime, over 700,000 copies are sold.) [4] October 18 * Beatlemania opens in London, England. [1] October 20 * John F Kennedy Library dedicated in Boston, Massachusetts. [1] October 22 * Deposed Shah of Iran arrives in New York for medical treatment. [1] * Jesse Bishop, murderer, dies in Nevada gas chamber. [1] * Walt Disney World welcomes its 100-millionth guest, Kurt Miller. [6] October 24 * Guinness Book of Records presents Paul McCartney with a rhodium disc. [1] October 26 * Park Chung-hee, South Korean President, is assassinated. [1] October 27 * Saint Vincent and the Grenadines becomes independent of United Kingdom (National Day). [1] * Voluntary Euthanasia Society publishes how-to-do-it suicide guide. [1] October 30 * NASA launches space vehicle S-203. [1] November 1 * Federal government makes US$1.5 billion loan to Chrysler. [1] * Tanker Burmah Agate off Galveston Bay, Texas, spills 10.7 million gallons of oil, in US's worst oil spill disaster. [1] November 3 * Five mortally wounded during anti-Ku Klux Klan demonstration in North Carolina. [1]

672

November 4 * 500 Iranian "students" seize US embassy, take 90 hostages (hold for 444 days). [1] November 5 * Al Capp, cartoonist (Lil' Abner), dies at age 70. [1] November 9 * Lewis Charles, actor (Feather and Father Gang), dies at age 59. [1] November 12 * US halts Iranian oil imports and freezes Iranian assets. [1] November 13 * Ronald Reagan in New York announces his candidacy for President. [1] November 15 * British government identifies Sir Anthony Blunt as fourth man in Soviet spy ring. [1] November 17 * John Grascock, of rock group Jethro Tull, dies at age 27 following heart surgery. [1] November 19 * Chuck Berry is released from prison on income tax evasion. [1] November 23 * Merle Oberon, actress (Assignment Foreign Legion), dies at age 68. [1] November 28 * Air New Zealand DC-10 crashes in Antarctica killing 257. [1] November 30 * Zeppo Marx dies at age 78. [1] December 2

673

* Crowds attack US embassy at Tripoli, Libya. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] * Vasily Pavlovich Solov'yov-Sedoy, composer, dies at age 72. [1] December 3 * Eleven trampled to death at The Who concert in Cincinnati, Ohio. [1] * Christie's auctions a thimble for a record US$18,400. [1] * Iran accepts constitution. [1] December 4 * Robert Karnes, actor (Max - The Lawless Years), dies at age 62. [1] December 5 * Ireland premier Jack Lynch resigns. [1] December 7 * Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, first woman full professor at Harvard University, dies. [1] * Mari Andriessen, sculptor (Docker), Amsterdam, dies at age 82. [1] * Nicolas Born, writer, dies at age 41. [1] * Prince Chahryar Shafik, Shah of Iran's nephew, murdered in Paris, France. [1] December 10 * Ann Dvorak, actress (G Men, Life of Her Own, Scarface), dies at age 67. [1] * Fulton J Sheen, archbishop/religious broadcaster (Life is Worth Living), dies from a heart attack in New York City, New York at age 84. [1] * Piet Dankert appointed as chairman of European Parliament. [1] December 11 * Claire Carleton, actress (Alice - Cimarron City), dies at age 66 in New York City. [1] * Great Britain grants independence to Rhodesia. [1] December 12 * Gold hits record US$462.50 an ounce. [1] * Rhodesia becomes the independent nation of Zimbabwe. [1] December 13 * Jon Hall, actor (Ramor of the Jungle), dies at age 66. [1] * Strikes against price increases in Gdansk, Poland. [1]

674

December 14 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] December 15 * Bern Hoffman, actor (Major Dell Conway), dies at age 66. [1] * Deposed Shah of Iran leaves US for Panamá. [1] * World Court in Hague rules Iran should release all US hostages. [1] December 17 * Budweiser rocket car reaches 1190 kph (record for wheeled vehicle). [1] December 18 * Stanley Barrett is the first to exceed land sonic speed (739.666 MPH). [1] December 21 * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] * Zimbabwe adopts constitution. [1] December 22 * Darryl F Zanuck, film producer (20th Century Fox), dies at age 77. [1] December 23 * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] December 24 * First Ariane-rocket launched. [1] * Dirk Uipko Stikker, Dutch CEO (Heineken)/Secretary-General NATO, dies at age 82. [1] * Rudi [Rudolf] Dutschke, German student leader, dies at age 39. [1] December 25 * Joan Blondell, actress (Real McCoys), dies at age 70. [1] * Lee Bowman, actor (Ellery Queen, Miami Undercover), dies at age 64. [1] * USSR airlifts invasionary army to Afghanistan. [1] December 27

675

* Knots Landing premieres on CBS-TV. [1] [129] * Soviet troops invade Afghanistan, President Hafizullah Amin overthrown. [1] * Hafizullah Amin, President of Afghanistan, is murdered. [1] December 28 * In Canada, the last Loto Canada lottery draw is held, as the federal government agrees to leave lotteries to the provinces. [40.20] December 30 * Richard Rodgers, composer (Rogers and Hammerstein), dies at age 77. [1] * Rock group Emerson, Lake, and Palmer break up. [1] * Togo adopts constitution. [1] December 31 * Winterland Rock Concert Hall in San Francisco closes after 556 concerts. [1]

676

1980 January 1 * In Azores Islands, Portugal, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake occurs. At least 60 people killed, 400 or more injured and extensive damage. [53] * Chrysler UK renamed Talbot. [1] * International Decade of Water and Sanitation begins. [1] * Mob storms Russian embassy in Teheran, Iran. [1] * Pietro Nenni, Italian politician (Socialists), dies at age 88. [1] * Premier Adbou Diouf becomes President of Senegal. [1] * Changes to the Swedish Act of Succession make Victoria of Sweden Crown Princess over her younger brother. [1] [120] January 2 * Larry Williams, rocker, dies at age 44. [1] January 3 * Gold hits record US$634 an ounce. [1] * Ivan Triesault, actor (Von Ryan's Express, Desert Fox), dies at age 81. [1] * Joy Adamson, Austrian-born conservationist and author (Born Free), killed by her servant at age 69 (born 1910). [1] [120] * Amos Milburn, rocker, dies at age 52. [1] * Axel Springer Jr, German photographer, commits suicide at age 38. [1] January 4 * U.S. President Jimmy Carter proclaims a grain embargo against the USSR with the support of the European Commission. [120] January 6 * Indira Gandhi's Congress Party wins elections in India. [1] * Global Positioning System time epoch begins at 00:00 UTC. [120] * The president of Sicily, Piersanti Mattarella, is assassinated by the Mafia. [120] January 7 * Carl White, rocker, dies. [1] * Sarah Selby, actress (Tower of London), dies at age 74. [1] * U.S. President Jimmy Carter signs legislation approving $1.5 billion in loan guarantees to bail out the Chrysler Corporation. [120] January 8

677

* Oscar Ewing, US government official (Everybody's Business), dies at age 90. [1] * Death of John Mauchly, American physicist and inventor (born 1907). [120] January 9 * In Saudi Arabia, 63 Muslim fanatics are beheaded for their part in the siege of the Great Mosque in Mecca in November, 1979. [1] [120] January 10 * Last broadcast of Rockford Files TV show on NBC. [1] * George Meany, American labor leader, dies at age 85 (born 1894). [1] [120] January 11 * Debut of The Pretenders rock music group. [1] * Nigel Short, 14, becomes the youngest chess player to be awarded the degree of International Master. [120] January 13 * Togo's constitution becomes effective. [1] * André Kostelanetz, Russian conductor, dies at age 78. [1] * Head of narcotic brigade arrested for drug smuggling in Belgium. [1] January 16 * Anna van Wageningen-Salomons, Dutch author (Unspoilt Dream), dies at age 94. [1] January 17 * NASA launches Fltsatcom-3. [1] * Barbara Britton, actress (Pamela - Mr and Mrs North), dies at age 59. [1] January 18 * Cecil Beaton, British photographer, dies at age 76. [1] * Gold briefly reaches US$1,000 an ounce. [1] * Pink Floyd's "The Wall" album hits #1. [1] * Studio 54 (New York) owners Steve Rubell and Ian Schrager sentenced to 3.5 years in prison for tax evasion and fined US$20,000. [1] * Death of Sir Cecil Beaton, English photographer (born 1904). [120] January 19

678

* William O Douglas, member of US Supreme court (1939-75), dies at age 81. [1] * Richard Franko Goldman, composer, dies at age 69. [1] January 21 * The MS Athina B is beached at Brighton, becoming a temporary tourist attraction. [120] * Death of Georges Painvin, French cryptographer (born 1886). [120] * The London Gold Fixing hits its highest price ever, at US$850 a troy ounce. (This record will stand until 2008.) [1] [120] January 22 * Andrei Sakharov, a Soviet scientist and human rights activist, is arrested in Moscow. He and Jelena Bonner are banished to Gorki. [1] [120] * Iris Meredith, actress (Lawless Land, Gambling Terror), dies at age 64. [1] January 24 * The Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroad is ordered to be liquidated due to bankruptcy. [120] * North of Livermore Valley, California, a magnitude 5.8 earthquake occurs. [53] January 25 * Bani-Sadr elected President of Iran. [1] * David Newell, actor (Dangerous Curves, White Heat), dies at age 75. [1] * Highest speed attained by a warship, 167 kph, US Navy hovercraft. [1] * Death of Roland Barthes, French literary critic, and philosopher (born 1915). [120] January 26 * Israel and Egypt establish diplomatic relations. [1] [120] * 175,000 pay to hear Frank Sinatra sing in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. [1] January 27 * Six United States diplomats, posing as Canadians, manage to escape from Tehran, Iran as they board a flight to Zürich, Switzerland, thus ending the Canadian caper operation. [120] (January 29 [1]) * Near Livermore, California, a magnitude 5.8 earthquake occurs. [53] January 28 * Death of Franco Evangelisti, Italian composer (born 1926). [120] * 37th Golden Globes: Dustin Hoffman and Sally Field win. [1]

679

January 29 * Jimmy Durante, American actor/singer/comedian (Ink-a-dink-a-doo, Palooka, The Jimmy Durante Show), dies at age 86 in New York City, New York (born 1893). [1] [5] [120] * Antonio Molina, composer, dies at age 85. [1] January 30 * Lil Dagover, actress (Destiny, Spiders), dies at age 82. [1] * Professor Longhair, king of New Orleans music, dies at age 61 (born 1918). [1] [120] January 31 * The Spanish Embassy in Guatemala is invaded and set on fire, killing 36 people. [120] * Police storm occupied Spanish embassy in Guatemala City, killing 41. [1] February 1 * TV soap opera Love of Life ends a 28-year run. [1] * Jack Bailey, TV host (Queen for a Day), dies at age 72. [1] * Romolo Valli, actor (Boom, La Viaccia), dies at age 54. [1] February 2 * FBI releases details of Abscam, a sting operation that targeted 31 elected and public officials for bribes for political favors. [1] [120] * William H Stein, American biochemist (Nobel Prize 1972), dies at age 68 (born 1911). [1] [120] * (to February 3) New Mexico State Penitentiary inmates riot; 33 are killed and more than 100 injured. [120] February 3 * Muhammed Ali tours Africa as US President Jimmy Carter's envoy. [1] February 4 * Abolhassan Bani-Sadr sworn in as first president of Iran. [1] [120] February 5 * Egyptian parliament votes to end boycott of Israel. [1]

680

February 6 * Death of Albert Kotin, American abstract expressionist painter (born 1907). [120] February 7 * Ernst Kunz, composer, dies at age 88. [1] * Katherine Emery, actress (Maze, Isle of the Dead), dies at age 73. [1] February 9 * Antoine Pompe, Belgian architect, dies at age 106. [1] February 12 * Floyd Taliaferro Alderson, actor (Crossing Trails), dies. [1] * Death of Muriel Rukeyser, American poet (born 1913). [120] February 13 * David Janssen [Meyer], American actor (Fugitive, Harry O), dies at age 49 (born 1931). [1] [120] * Apollo Computer is incorporated. [1] February 14 * US launches Solar Maximum Mission Observatory to study solar flares. [1] * Death of Luitkonwar Rudra Baruah, Assamese composer and actor. [120] February 15 * In Vanuatu, followers of John Frum's cargo cult on the island of Tanna declare secession as the nation of Tafea. [120] February 16 * Continuous traffic jam extends 176 km north of Lyons, France. [1] February 17 * Graham Sutherland, painter, dies. [1] * Jerry Fielding, orchestra leader (Bewitched, Hogan's Heroes, Lively Ones), dies at age 57. [1] February 18

681

* Gale Robbins, actress (Fuller Brush Girl, Mr Hex), dies at age 58. [1] * Pierre Elliott Trudeau's Liberal Party wins Canada's elections. [1] February 20 * Death of Alice Longworth, Theodore Roosevelt's eldest daughter, wife of Nicholas Longworth, at age 96 in Washington, DC (born 1884). [1] [120] * Death of Ronald Belford (Bon) Scott, Scottish-born Australian singer (AC/DC), at age 33 (born 1946). [120] (February 19 [1]) * Death of J.B. Rhine, parapsychologist (born 1895). [120] February 21 * Chester H Lauck, actor (Two Weeks to Live, Goin' to Town), dies at age 78. [1] February 22 * Alfred Andersch, German writer (Red Head), dies at age 66. [1] * Oskar Kokoschka, Austria/British painter/graphic artist, dies at age 93. [1] * Richard Kallman, actor (Verboten, Hell Canyon Outlaws), dies at age 46. [1] * Death of the Expressionist painter and writer, Oskar Kokoschka, in Villeneuve, Switzerland (born in Pöchlarn, Austria). [37] * Afghanistan declares martial law. [1] February 23 * France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island. [1] * Oil tanker explosion off Pilos, Greece, causes 37-million-gallon spill. [1] * Robert Vandekerckhove, Belgian politician, dies at age 62. [1] * Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini states that Iran's parliament will decide the fate of the American embassy hostages. [120] February 24 * Death of Clement Martyn Doke, South African linguist. [120] February 25 * Military coup under Desi Bouterse and Roy Horb in Suriname ousts Prime Minister Henck Arron, replacing the government with a National Military Council. [1] [120] February 26 * Egypt and Israel exchange ambassadors for the first time. [1] February 27

682

* 22nd Grammy Awards: "What a Fool Believes", Barbara Streisand-Neil Diamond duet ("You Don't Bring Me Flowers"). [1] * George Tobias, American actor (Abner Kravitz - Bewitched), dies at age 78 (born 1901). [1] [120] * Robert Mugabe's ZANU-PF wins elections in Zimbabwe. [1] * M-19 guerrillas begin the Dominican embassy siege in Colombia, holding 60 people hostage, including 14 ambassadors. [1] [120] February 28 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] February 29 * Yigol Alton, Israeli Foreign Minister, dies at age 61. [1] * Michael Bracey ends 59 hours 55 minutes trapped in an elevator, England. [1] March 1 * The Voyager 1 probe confirms the existence of Janus, a moon of Saturn. [120] * Commonwealth Trade Union Council is established. [1] * John Jacob Niles, composer, dies at age 87. [1] * Snow falls in Florida. [1] * Death of Dixie Dean, English football player (born 1907). [120] * Death of Wilhelmina, high-fashion model and owner of model agency (born 1940). [120] * Death of Daniil Khrabrovitsky, Soviet film director (born 1923). [120] March 3 * France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island. [1] * Pierre Trudeau returns to office as Prime Minister of Canada. [120] March 4 * Robert Mugabe's ZANU-PF wins parliamentary election in Zimbabwe. [1] [120] March 5 * Jay Silverheels, American actor (Tonto - Lone Ranger), dies at age 60 (born 1912). [1] [120] * Winifred Wagner-William, German World Festival organizer, dies at age 82. [1] [120] * Earth satellites record gamma rays from remnants of supernova N-49. [1]

683

March 6 * French Academy, founded in 1635, elects its first woman novelist (Marguerita Youcenar). [1] March 8 * The first festival of rock music kicks off in the Soviet Union. [120] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] March 9 * Flemish/Walloon battles in Belgium, 40 injured. [1] * Olga Chekova, actress (Moulin Rouge, Pawns of Possession), dies at age 82. [1] March 10 * Herman Tarnower, doctor (Scarsdale Diet), killed by Jean Harris. [1] March 12 * Jury finds John Wayne Gacy guilty of murdering 33 in Chicago, Illinois. [1] March 13 * Ford Motor Company found innocent in death of three women in a fiery Pinto. [1] * Tauno Kullerve Pylkkanen, composer, dies at age 61. [1] March 14 * In Poland, a plane crashes during an emergency landing near Warsaw, killing a 14man American boxing team and 73 others. [1] [120] * Death of Anna Jantar, Polish Singer - LOT Polish Airlines Flight 007 Crash. [120] March 16 * Death of Tamara de Lempicka, Polish-born painter (born 1898). [120] March 17 * Rudolf G Escher, Dutch composer (Vrai Visage de la Paix), dies at age 68. [1] March 18 * Death of Erich Fromm at age 79 in Muralto, Switzerland (born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany); writer, professor of psychoanalysis (born 1900). [1] [37]

684

* Fifty people are killed at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia, when a Vostok-2M rocket explodes on its launch pad during a fueling operation. [1] [120] March 20 * US appeals to International Court on hostages in Iran. [1] March 21 * TV show Dallas ends its second season in a cliffhanger as character J.R. Ewing is shot. [129] * Mafioso Angelo Bruno is assassinated in Atlantic City. [120] * U.S. President Jimmy Carter announces that the United States will boycott the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. [120] * Death of Peter Stoner, American mathematician, astronomer and Christian apologist (born 1888). [120] * Gideon Fagan, composer, dies at age 75. [1] * On TV show Dallas, JR is shot. [1] March 23 * Swedes vote in a national referendum on the use of atomic energy. of the 4.7 million ballots, 58 percent vote in favor of completing the nuclear energy program and retaining it for at least 25 years. [7] * France performs nuclear test. [1] March 24 * ABC's nightly Iran Hostage crisis program renamed Nightline with Ted Koppel. [1] * Archbishop Óscar Romero assassinated while conducting mass in San Salvador. [1] [120] * Capitol Records releases some rare Beatles tracks. [1] * Death of Pierre Etchebaster, French real tennis player (born 1893). [120] * The Australia Olympic Committee announces it will send an Olympic delegation to Moscow, despite objections by Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser. [120] March 25 * Death of James Wright, American poet (born 1927). [120] * Death of Roland Barthes, French literary critic and writer (born 1915). [120] * Death of Walter Susskind, Czech conductor (born 1913). [120] March 26 * Bombay, India, gets its first rock concert in ten years (The Police). [1] * Jon-Jon Poulos, rocker (Buckinghams), dies from drugs at age 32. [1]

685

March 27 * Elevator in Vaal Reef, South Africa gold mine crashs 1900 metres down (23 die). [1] [120] * Mount Saint Helens in Washington state becomes active after 123 years. [1] * The Norwegian oil platform Alexander Kielland collapses in the North Sea, killing 123 of its crew of 212. [120] March 28 * Talpiot Tomb is found in Jerusalem. [120] * Dick Haymes, actor (Real Life, Betrayal), dies. [1] March 29 * [Annunzio Paolo] Mantovani, Italian-born orchestra leader, dies at age 74 (born 1905). [1] [120] March 31 * US President Jimmy Carter deregulates banking industry. [1] * Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad operate final train. [120] * Death of Vladimír Holan, Czech poet (born 1905). [120] April 1 * The Mariel boatlift from Cuba begins. [120] * Failed assassination attempt on Iraqi vice-premier Tariq Aziz. [1] * France performs nuclear test. [1] * New York City's Transport Works Union Local 100 goes on strike, which continues for 11 days. [120] April 2 * The St. Pauls riot breaks out in Bristol. [120] April 3 * France performs nuclear test. [1] * Luella Gear, actress (Joe and Mabel), dies at age 82. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] April 4

686

* Death of Red Sovine, American country and folk singer and songwriter (born 1917). [120] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] April 6 * Post It Notes are introduced. [1] April 7 * The United States severs diplomatic relations with Iran and imposes economic sanctions. [1] [120] April 9 * Soyuz 35 carries two cosmonauts to Salyut 6. [1] * Belgium's Marten's government resigns. [1] April 10 * Spain and the United Kingdom agree to reopen the border between Gibraltar and Spain, closed since 1969. [120] * Kay Medford, actress (Dean Martin Show, To Rome With Love), dies at age 65. [1] April 11 * American Equal Employment Opportunity Commission regulates sexual harrassment. [1] April 12 * Black Consciousness Movement of Azania forms. [1] * Samuel Kanyon Doe takes over Liberia in a coup d'etat, ending over 130 years of democratic presidential succession in that country. Liberian President William R Tolbert Jr and 27 others killed in coup. [1] [120] * Death of Clark McConachy, New Zealand snooker and billiards player (born 1895). [120] April 13 * Grease closes at Broadhurst Theater in New York City after 3,388 performances. [1] * "TASS" denounces US boycott of the Moscow Summer Olympics. [1] April 14

687

* 52nd Academy Awards: Best Picture: Kramer versus Kramer, Best Actor: Dustin Hoffman, Best Actress: Sally Field, Best Foreign Film: Die Blechtrommel (The Tin Drum) (first Oscar award for a German film). [1] [37] * Pulitzer prize awarded to Norman Mailer (Executioner's Song). [1] * Tom Fadden, actor (Duffeild - Broken Arrow, Cimarron City), dies at age 84. [1] * First Cubans of the Mariel boatlift sail to Florida. [1] April 15 * Paul Langton, actor (Leslie - Peyton Place), dies at age 76. [1] * Raymond Bailey, actor (Mr Drysdale - The Beverly Hillbillies), dies at age 75. [1] * Jean-Paul Sartre, French existentialist philosopher/writer (Nobel Prize 1964), dies in Paris, France at age 74 (born 1905). [1] [5] [120] * Marshall Reed, actor (Fred Asher - Lineup), dies at age 62. [1] April 16 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * Alf Sjöberg, director (Fadern, Oen, Domaren), dies in a car crash at age 76. [1] April 18 * Zimbabwe (formerly Southern Rhodesia) declares independence from United Kingdom. Robert Mugabe becomes Prime Minister. [1] [81.60] [120] April 19 * Johnny Logan wins the Eurovision Song Contest 1980 with the song, "What's Another Year". [120] * Ethel Wilson, actress (Aunt Harriet - Aldrich Family), dies at age 88. [1] * Tony Beckley, actor (Assault, When a Stranger Calls), dies at age 51. [1] April 20 * Cubans begin to arrive in US from Mariel boatlift. [1] * Death of Katherine K. Davis, American composer (born 1892). [120] * Death of Helmut Käutner in Castellina, Italy (born in Düsseldorf, Germany); German/American film director. [37] April 21 * Death of Sohrab Sepehri, Persian poet and painter (born 1928). [120] * Rosie Ruiz wins the Boston Marathon, but is later exposed as a fraud and stripped of her award. [120] April 22

688

* Jane Froman, singer (Jane Froman's USA Canteen), dies at age 72. [1] * Death of the chemist, Fritz Strassmann in Mainz, Germany; co-discovered nuclear fission in 1938. [37] April 23 * Soviet submarine catches fire off Japan, nine die. [1] * 146 people die near Los Rodeos, Tenerife, Spain, as a Dan Air Boeing 727 crashes while attempting to land. [57] April 24 * Alentejo Carpentier, Cuban/French writer (Guerra del Tiempo), dies at age 75. [1] * (to April 25) Operation Eagle Claw, a US commando mission in Iran to rescue American embassy hostages, is aborted after mechanical problems ground the rescue helicopters. Eight United States troops are killed in a mid-air collision during the failed operation. [1] [120] * The Pennsylvania Lottery is rigged by six men including the host of the live TV drawing, Nick Perry. [120] * Death of Alejo Carpentier, Cuban writer (born 1904). [120] April 25 * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] * Crash of a Dan-Air Boeing 727 in Tenerife killing all 146 occupants and marking the worst air disaster involving a British-registered aircraft in terms of loss of life. [120] * Announcement of US President Jimmy Carter of the hostage rescue bungle in Iran. [1] April 26 * Cicely Courtneidge, actress (Double Exposure), dies at age 87. [1] * Great Britain performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * Iran begins scattering US hostages from the US Embassy. [1] * Longest jump by a jet boat is set at 120 feet. [1] April 27 * The Dominican embassy siege ends with all hostages released and the guerrillas flying to Cuba. [120] April 28 * Tommy Caldwell, rocker (Marshall Tucker Band), dies. [1] * Cyrus Vance, US President Jimmy Carter's Secretary of State, resigns. [1]

689

* Dee Carroll [Betty Jean Marsh], actress (Mad Bomber, Split), dies. [1] April 29 * Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, British director (Psycho, Birds), dies at age 80 from renal failure (born 1899). [1] [5] [120] April 30 * Six Iranian-born terrorists take over the Iranian embassy in London, England. [1] [120] * Mary McCarty, actress (French Line), dies. [1] * Queen Juliana of the Netherlands abdicates. [1] [12] * Queen Beatrix of Netherlands, Wilhelmina Armgard, ascends to the throne. [1] * Luis Muñoz Marín, the first democratically elected Governor of Puerto Rico, dies at the age of 82. [120] * Death of Luis Muñoz Marín, Puerto Rican poet, journalist, and politician (born 1898). [120] May 1 * 15th Academy of Country Music Awards: Barbara Mandrell wins. [1] * American Book Award: William Styron (Sophie Choice)/T Wolfe (Right Stuff). [1] May 2 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * In Sweden, employers lock out 770,000 workers, after labor unions reject a government wage proposal of a 2.3 percent increase. Unions had demanded 11 percent. (Unions respond to the lock-out with strikes of over 100,000 more workers. One quarter of Sweden's work force is affected. The situation is resolved in nine days, with a mediated wage increase of seven percent.) [7] * Joseph Doherty and three other Irish Republican Army men arrested for murder. [1] * Pink Floyd's "Another Brick in Wall (Part II)" song is banned in South Africa. [1] * Pope John Paul II begins African tour. [1] May 4 * Josip Broz Tito, President of Yugoslavia (1945-80), dies at age 87 (born 1892). [1] [120] * Kay Hammond, actress (Blithe Spirit, Five Golden Hours), dies in Brighton, United Kingdom at age 71. [1] May 5 * Edmond Vandercammen, Belgian writer/poet (Grand Combat), dies at age 79. [1]

690

* Siege at Iranian Embassy in London ends; British commandos and police stormed the building. [1] May 7 * Paul Geidel, convicted of second-degree murder in 1911, is released from prison in Beacon, New York, after 68 years and 245 days (the longest-ever time served by an inmate). [120] May 8 * World Health Organization announces smallpox had been eradicated. [1] May 9 * In Florida, Liberian freighter Summit Venture hits the Sunshine Skyway Bridge over Tampa Bay, sending 35 people to death as a 1,400-foot section of the bridge collapses. [1] [120] May 12 * Lillian Roth, actress (Animal Crackers, Alice Sweet Alice), dies. [1] May 14 * Wilhelm Weismann, composer, dies at age 79. [1] * Department of Health and Human Services begins operation. [1] * Hugh Griffith, actor (Passover Plot, Ben Hur, Tom Jones), dies at age 67. [1] May 15 * Shawn Weatherly, of Sumter, South Carolina, crowned 29th Miss USA/Miss Universe-1980. [1] * First trans-US balloon crossing (Maxie Anderson and son Chris). [1] May 16 * Death of Marin Preda, Romanian writer (born 1922). [120] May 17 * Joseph M "Joop" Lücker, Dutch editor-in-chief (Volkskrant), dies at age 65. [1] * A Miami, Florida court acquits 4 White police officers of killing Arthur McDuffie, a Black insurance executive, provoking three days of race riots - 16 killed, 300 injured. [1] [120]

691

* (Vivekananda Selva) Kumar Anandan sets record of balancing on one foot for 33 hours. [1] May 18 * At Mount Saint Helens, Washington, a magnitude 5.0 earthquake occurs. (This earthquake occurred only seconds before the explosion which began the eruption of Mount Saint Helens volcano.) [53] * Mount Saint Helens erupts in Washington, killing 57 and causing US$3 billion in damage. 396 metres of the top of the mountain explodes in a gigantic dust cloud. [1] [53] [120] * Death of David A. Johnston, American volcanoligist, victim of Mount Saint Helens' eruption (born 1949). [120] * Belgium's third Government of Martens forms. [1] * People's Republic of China launches first intercontinental rocket. [1] * Fernando Belaúnde Terry elected President of Peru. [1] * Ian Curtis, English rock vocalist (Joy Division), commits suicide at age 23 (born 1956). [1] [120] * (to May 27) Students in Gwangju, South Korea begin demonstrations, calling for democratic reforms. [120] May 19 * Apple Computer introduces the Apple III computer. It features twice the processor speed (2 MHz 6502 processor) as the Apple II, twice the memory (128 kB), built-in 5.25inch floppy drive, Apple SOS operating system. With a small case and no cooling fan, reliability problems limit lifetime sales over four years to 65,000 units. [4] May 20 * Fire in nursing home in Kingston, Jamaica, kills 157. [1] * In a referendum, 59.5 percent of Québec, Canada, voters reject separatism. [1] [120] * 710 families in Love Canal area (Niagara Falls, New York) are evacuated. [1] May 21 * Ida Kaminska, actress (Shop on Main Street), dies. [1] * Star Wars V: The Empire Strikes Back premieres in movie theaters. [1] [120] May 24 * The International Court of Justice calls for the release of U.S. Embassy hostages in Tehran. [1] [120] May 25

692

* Indianapolis 500: Johnny Rutherford wins for a third time in car owner Jim Hall's revolutionary ground effect Chaparral car; the victory is Hall's second as an owner. [120] May 26 * Soyuz 36 carries two cosmonauts (one Hungarian) to Salyut 6. [1] * In South Korea, military government forces and pro-democracy protesters clash; 2,000 protesters die. [120] (May 27 [1]) * John Frum supporters in Vanuatu storm government offices on the island of Tanna. Vanuatu government troops land the next day and drive them away. [120] May 28 * Death of Rolf Nevanlinna, Finnish mathematician (born 1895). [120] May 29 * 53rd US National Spelling Bee: Jacques Bailly wins spelling "elucubrate". [1] May 30 * Timmy Caldwell, rocker (Marshall Tucker Band), dies. [1] * J Turner's painting Juliet and Her Nurse sells for US$6.4 million in New York City. [1] * First papal visit to France since 1814. [1] * Carl Radle, bassist (Derek and Dominoes), dies of a kidney ailment. [1] May 31 * Police and youthful rebels battle in Zurich, Switzerland. [1] June 1 * H Debehogne discovers asteroids #2543 Machado and #3411. [1] * CNN (Cable News Network) debuts, as the world's first 24-hour television news network, from its headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. [1] [129] June 3 * Crew of Soyuz 36 returns to Earth aboard Soyuz 35. [1] * U.S. Senator Ted Kennedy wins several primaries, including California, on 'Super Tuesday', but not enough to overtake President Jimmy Carter for the Democratic Party nomination. Jimmy Carter wins enough delegates for renomination as US President. [1] [120] * A series of deadly tornadoes strikes Grand Island, Nebraska, causing over $300m in damage, killing 5 people and injuring over 250. [120]

693

June 5 * Soyuz T-2 carries two cosmonauts to Salyut 6 space station. [1] June 7 * Death of Elizabeth Craig, British writer (born 1883). [120] * Death of Henry Miller, American writer (born 1891). [120] June 9 * Soyuz T-2 returns to Earth. [1] * In the California - Mexico border region, a magnitude 6.4 earthquake occurs. [53] June 10 * A Unabomber bomb injures United Airlines president Percy Wood in Lake Forest, Illinois. [120] June 11 * K-Ingleside streetcar converts to METRO service (San Francisco). [1] * E Bowell discovers asteroid #2531 Cambridge. [1] June 12 * Milburn Stone, American actor (Doc - Gunsmoke), dies at age 75 (born 1904). [1] [120] June 13 * United Nations Security Council calls for South Africa to free Nelson Mandela. [1] * Death of Walter Rodney, Guyanese historian and political figure (born 1942). [120] June 14 * E Bowell discovers asteroid #2937 Gibbs, #2938 Hopi and #3160 Angerhofer. [1] June 17 * C Shoemaker discovers asteroid #2586 Matson. [1] June 18 * C Shoemaker discovers asteroid #2891 McGetchin. [1]

694

* E Bowell discovers asteroid #2569 Madeline. [1] June 20 * Death of Amy Key Clarke, English mystical poet (born 1892). [120] June 21 * Death of Bert Kaempfert, German orchestra leader and songwriter (born 1923). [120] June 22 * West Germany beats Belgium 2-1 to win the Euro 80. [120] June 23 * Sanjay Gandhi, son of Indira Gandhi, dies in an air crash. [120] * Death of Clyfford Still, American painter (born 1904). [120] * Death of John Laurie, British actor (born 1897). [120] June 24 * Affirmed wins $500,000 Hollywood Cup, first horse to win $2 million. [1] June 25 * A Muslim Brotherhood assassination attempt against Syrian president Hafez al-Assad fails. [120] June 26 * A McDonnell Douglas DC-9 belonging to the Italian Airline Itavia crashes into the sea near Palermo after an explosion occurs in the air; 81 people die. [120] June 27 * Steve Peregrin Took, percussionist (T-Rex), dies at age 31. [1] * Death of Walter Dornberger in Germany; engineer who worked with Werner von Braun on the V-2 rocket engine. [37] * U.S. President Jimmy Carter signs Proclamation 4771 requiring 19- and 20-year-old males to register for a peacetime military draft, in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. [120] June 28 * Herbie Faye, comedian (Doc, Phil Silvers Show), dies at age 81. [1]

695

June 29 * Vigdis Finnbogadottir is elected president of Iceland. [120] July 6 * Gail Patrick, actress (My Man Godfrey), dies of leukemia at age 69. [1] July 7 * Death of Dore Schary, American film writer, director, and producer (born 1905). [120] * First solar-powered aircraft crosses English Channel. [1] * Arizona Judge Sandra Day O'Connor first female nominated to Supreme Court. [1] * Jim King completes riding Miracle Strip Roller coaster 368 hours. [1] * Reginald Gardiner, actor (Great Dictator), dies at age 77. [1] July 9 * Death of Vinicius de Moraes, Brazilian writer, poet and diplomat (born 1913). [120] * Pope John Paul II visits Brazil; seven people are crushed to death in a crowd meeting him. [1] [120] July 10 * Alexandra Palace in London destroyed by fire. [120] * Ayatollah Khomeini releases Iran hostage Richard I Queen. [1] July 11 * Peggy Knudson, actress (April-So This is Hollywood), dies at age 57. [1] July 12 * John W Davis, President (West Virginia State college), dies at age 92. [1] July 15 * Death of Ben Selvin, famed American 1920s and 1930s orchestra leader and recording artist (born 1898). [120] * A severe and destructive thunderstorm strikes four counties in western Wisconsin, including the city of Eau Claire. It causes over US$250 million in damage, and one person is killed. [120] * Eddie Jackson, comedian (Jimmy Durante Show), dies at age 84. [1]

696

July 16 * Former California Governor and actor Ronald Reagan is nominated for U.S. President, at the Republican National Convention in Detroit, Michigan. [1] [120] July 17 * Death of Boris Delaunay, Russian mathematician (born 1890). [120] * Donald Barry, actor (Mr Gallo-Mr Novak), dies at age 68. [1] * Ronald Reagan formally accepts Republican nomination for president of US. [1] July 18 * Billy Joel's Glass Houses album tops charts. [1] * Rohini 1, first Indian satellite, launches into orbit. [1] July 19 * Former Turkish Prime Minister Nihat Erim is killed by two gunmen in Istanbul, Turkey. [120] * Death of Hans J. Morgenthau in New York City (born in Coburg, Germany). [37] July 21 * Jean-Claude Droyer climbs the Eiffel Tower in 2 hours 18 minutes. [1] July 23 * Death of Robert Brackman, American painter (born 1898). [120] * River of No Return Wilderness Area designated by Jimmy Carter. [1] * Soyuz 37 ferries two cosmonauts (one Vietnamese) to Salyut 6. [1] July 24 * Death of Uttam Kumar (Arun Kumar Chatterjee), the legendary Bengali actor (born 1926). [120] * Peter Sellers, English actor, dies at age 54 (born 1925). [1] [120] July 25 * Death of Vladimir Vysotsky, Russian singer-songwriter, poet, actor (born 1938). [120] July 26 * Death of Kenneth Tynan, English theatre critic (born 1927). [120]

697

July 27 * In Northeast Kentucky, a magnitude 5.2 earthquake occurs. Felt in 15 states and in parts of southern Ontario, Canada. [53] * Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, deposed shah of Iran, dies in Cairo, Egypt. [120] * Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, dies in Cairo, Egypt at age 60 (born 1919). [1] [120] July 28 * Fernando Belaúnde Terry becomes president of Peru. [1] July 29 * In Nepal, a magnitude 6.6 earthquake occurs. 100-200 people killed, many injured and extensive damage in western Nepal. [53] July 30 * British New Hebrides becomes independent and takes name Vanuatu. [1] [120] * Charles McGraw, actor (Michael - Falcon, Smith Family), dies at age 66. [1] July 31 * Death of the physicist, Ernst Pascual Jordan in Hannover, Germany; professor of physics, early contributor to quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics (born 1902). [37] [120] * Death of Mohammed Rafi, Indian singer (born 1924). [120] * Soyuz 37 crew returns to Earth aboard Soyuz 36. [1] August 2 * A terrorist bombing at the railway station in Bologna, Italy kills 85 people and wounds more than 200. [120] August 7 * Death of Jackie Cochran, American pilot (born 1906). [120] * (to August 14) Lech Walesa leads the first of many strikes at the Gdansk shipyard. [120] August 8 * LBV Conference Center and Club Lake Villas open. [1]

698

* The 17th century Swedish warship Kronan is discovered by an archealogical team lead by Anders Franzén. The ship lies scattered in mud four miles east of Öland, where it sunk in 1676. [7] August 9 * In Guatemala, a magnitude 6.7 earthquake occurs. [53] August 10 * Death of Yahya Khan, President of Pakistan (born 1917). [120] * Allen, the most powerful hurricane in Caribbean hits Brownsville, Texas. [1] [120] August 14 * U.S. President Jimmy Carter defeats Senator Edward Kennedy to win renomination, at the Democratic National Convention in New York City. [120] * Death of Dorothy Stratten, Canadian model (murdered) (born 1960). [120] August 18 * Near the coast of Ecuador, a magnitude 5.6 earthquake occurs. Eight people killed, 100 injured and extensive damage in the Guayaquil area. [53] August 19 * Death of Otto Frank, father of Jewish diarist Anne Frank (born 1889). [120] * Saudi Arabian Lockheed Tristar crashes on landing at Riyadh, 301 die. [1] August 20 * Death of Joe Dassin, French singer (born 1938). [120] * Reinhold Messner of Italy is first to make solo ascent of Mount Everest. [1] * United Nations Security Council condemns (14-0, US abstains) Israeli declaration that all of Jersualem is its capital. [1] August 23 * In the Kashmir - India border region, a magnitude 5.2 earthquake occurs. [53] August 24 * Death of Yootha Joyce, British actress (born 1927). [120] August 25

699

* Gower Champion, dancer (Marge and Gower Champion Show), dies at age 60. [1] August 26 * Death of Tex Avery, American cartoonist and creator of Looney Toons (born 1908). [5] [120] August 27 * Sam Levenson, humorist (Sam Levenson Show), dies at age 68. [1] September 2 * Ford Europe launches the Escort MK3, which ditches the traditional rear-wheel drive saloon in favour of a more practical and modern front-wheel drive hatchback. [120] September 3 * Death of Dirch Passer, Danish actor (born 1926). [120] September 5 * The Saint Gotthard Tunnel opens in Switzerland as the world's longest highway tunnel at 10.14 miles (16.32 km) stretching from Goschenen to Airolo. [1] [5] [37] [120] * Barbara Loden, actress (Ernie Kovacs Show), dies at age 48. [1] September 8 * Death of Willard Libby, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1908). [120] September 12 * Lillian Randolph, actress (Roots, Amos n Andy), dies at age 65. [1] * Kenan Evren stages a military coup in Turkey. [1] [120] September 15 * Death of Bill Evans, American jazz pianist (born 1929). [120] September 16 * Death of Jean Piaget, Swiss psychologist (born 1896). [120] September 17

700

* Former Nicaraguan President Anastasio Somoza Debayle is assassinated in Asunción, Paraguay (born 1925). [1] [120] * After weeks of strikes at the Lenin Shipyard in Gdansk, Poland, the nationwide independent trade union Solidarity is established. [1] [120] September 18 * Soyuz 38 carries two cosmonauts (one Cuban) to Salyut 6 space station. [1] September 19 * The Robert Redford-directed film Ordinary People, based on the novel by Judith Guest, premieres in theaters. [120] * Titan II missile explosion (Damascus, Arkansas). [1] September 22 * The command council of Iraq orders its army to "deliver its fatal blow on Iranian military targets," initiating the Iran-Iraq War. Iraqi troops seize part of Iran in a border dispute. [1] [120] * Youth riots in the capital of the Soviet Republic of Estonia are quickly forced down. [120] September 23 * Bob Marley plays his final live performance at the Stanley Theater in Pittsburgh, PA. [120] September 25 * Death of John Bonham, British drummer (Led Zeppelin) (born 1948). [120] * Chevy Chase calls Cary Grant a homo on Tomorrow show (lawsuit follows). [1] September 26 * Cuban government closes Mariel Harbor ending "freedom flotilla". [1] [120] * Soyuz 38 returns to Earth. [1] September 28 * Jaromir Wagner is first to fly the Atlantic standing on the wing. [1] September 29 * The Washington Post publishes Janet Cooke's story of Jimmy, an 8-year-old heroin addict (later proven to be fabricated). [120]

701

September 30 * Digital Equipment Corporation, Intel and Xerox introduce the DIX standard for Ethernet, which is the first implementation outside of Xerox, and the first to support 10 Mbit/s speeds. [120] * Iran rejects a truce call from Iraqi President Saddam Hussein. [1] October 1 * Cosmonauts Ryumin and Popov break space endurance record of 176 days. [1] * Associated Newspapers announce that The Evening News would close and merge with the Evening Standard. [120] October 2 * Michael Myers (Democrat-Pennsylvania), is first representative expelled in over 100 years (ABSCAM). [1] October 3 * The film The Elephant Man, starring Anthony Hopkins and John Hurt, and directed by David Lynch, opens in New York City. [120] October 5 * Parliamentary elections are held in West Germany. The CDU/CSU gets 44.5 percent of the votes, the SPD 42.9 percent and the FDP 10.6 percent. The SPD/FDP coalition continues. Helmut Schmidt (SPD) continues as chancellor. [37] * British Leyland launches its new Metro automobile, a three-door entry-level hatchback which is designed as the eventual replacement for the Mini. [120] October 6 * Death of Hattie Jacques, star of Carry On films (Heart Attack) (born 1922). [120] October 9 * First consumer use of home banking by computer (Knoxville, Tennessee). [1] October 10 * In El Asnam, Algeria, a magnitude 7.7 earthquake occurs. At least 5,000 people killed, 9,000 injured and extensive damage. [1] [53] [120] * Very Large Array (VLA) radio telescope network dedicated. [1]

702

October 11 * Cosmonauts Popov and Ryumin set space endurance record of 184 days. [1] October 14 * The Staggers Rail Act is enacted, deregulating American railroads. [120] * US President nominee Ronald Reagan promises to name a woman to Supreme Court. [1] October 15 * James Callaghan announces his resignation as Leader of the British Labour Party. [120] * James Hoskins forces his way into WCPO's television studio in Cincinnati, holding nine employees hostage for several hours before releasing them and taking his own life. [120] October * A record gold nugget weighing 875 troy ounces (61 pounds, 11 ounces) is found near Wedderburn, Victoria, Australia. [87.128] October 18 * The Fraser Government is re-elected for a third consecutive term in Australia with a reduced majority. [120] October 19 * Steve McPeak rides 101-foot 9-inch unicycle. [1] October 20 * Death of Lady Isobel Barnett, British television personality (suicide following her conviction for shoplifting) (born 1918). [120] October 22 * New South Korean constitution comes into effect. [1] October 23 * Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin resigns, due to illness. [1] October 24

703

* In central Mexico, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurs. At least 300 people killed, many injured, approximately 150,000 homeless and extensive damage in central Mexico. [53] * Polish government legalizes independent labor union Solidarity. [1] October 25 * Death of Victor Galindez, Argentine boxer (race car accident) (born 1948). [120] * Proceedings on the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction conclude at The Hague. [120] * Death of Sahir Ludhianvi, Urdu/Hindustani poet and Hindi film lyricist (born 1921). [120] * Death of Virgil Fox, American organist (born 1912). [120] * Barbra Streisand's "Guilty" album goes #1 for three weeks and her single "Woman In Love" goes #1 for three weeks. [1] October 27 * Death of John Hasbrouck van Vleck, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1899). [120] * Six Provisional Irish Republican Army prisoners in Maze prison refuse food and demand status as political prisoners; the hunger strike lasts until December. [120] * Death of Steve Peregrin Took, British musician (T. Rex) (born 1949). [120] October 28 * U.S. President Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan debate in Cleveland, Ohio. Reagan's genial, witty performance causes him to overtake Carter in the polls. [120] * Leon Janney, actor (Hawk), dies at age 63. [1] October 30 * El Salvador and Honduras sign a peace treaty to put the border dispute before the International Court of Justice. [1] [120] * NASA launches Flt Satcom-4. [1] October 31 * The Polish government recognizes Solidarity. [120] * Reza Pahlavi, eldest son of the shah of Iran, proclaims himself the rightful successor to the Peacock Throne. [120] * Julian Nott sets world hot-air balloon altitude record (16,806 metres). [1] November 4

704

* U.S. presidential election: Republican challenger and former Governor Ronald Reagan of California defeats incumbent Democratic President Jimmy Carter in a landslide victory. [1] [120] * Death of Elsie MacGill, Canadian aeronautical engineer (born 1904). [120] November 6 * Mary Michael, actress (Birdie - Wonderful John Acton), dies at age 77. [1] November 7 * Steve McQueen of Slater, Missouri, American actor, dies at age 50 (born 1930). [1] [120] November 8 * In Gorda Plate, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake occurs. Most of the damage occurred east of Fields Landing, where two sections of an overpass on U.S. Highway 101 collapsed onto the railroad tracks below. [53] * Voyager 1 space probe discovers 15th moon of Saturn. [1] November 9 * Death of Gloria Guinness, Fashion icon (born 1912). [120] * Carmel Myers, actress (Carmel Myers Show), dies at age 79. [1] * Victor Sen Yung, actor (Bonanza, Bachelor Family), dies at age 65. [1] November 11 * Crew of Soyuz 35 returns to Earth aboard Soyuz 37. [1] November 12 * The NASA space probe Voyager I makes its closest approach to Saturn, when it flies within 77,000 miles of the planet's cloud-tops and sends the first high resolution images of the world back to scientists on Earth. [1] [120] November 15 * Pope John Paul II begins five-day visit to West Germany. [1] November 16 * Death of Boris Aronson, renowned Russian set designer (born 1898). [120] November 17

705

* Death of Shah Maghsoud Sadegh Angha, 41st master of the Oveyssi Sufi order (born 1916). [120] November 18 * Death of Conn Smythe, NHL coach 1927-1931 (born 1895). [120] November 20 * The Gang of Four trial begins in China. [120] * Death of John McEwen, eighteenth Prime Minister of Australia (born 1900). [120] * Steve Ptacek in Solar Challenger makes first solar-powered flight. [1] November 21 * 350 million people around the world tune in to television's primetime drama Dallas to find out who shot J.R. Ewing (Kristin Shepard, J.R.'s wife's sister and his former mistress). [1] [120] * A fire at the MGM Grand Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada kills 85 people. [1] [120] [187.421] November 22 * Death of Mae West, American actress (born 1893). [120] * Death of Norah McGuinness, Northern Irish painter and illustrator (born 1901). [120] * Georgia tanker at Pilottown, Louisiana, spills 1.3 million gallons of oil after an anchor chain caused the ship to leak. [1] * Leonard Barr, comedian (Dean Martin Show, Szysznyk), dies at age 77. [1] * Mae West dies at her Hollywood residence at age 87. [1] November 23 * In Southern Italy, a magnitude 6.5 earthquake occurs. Over 3,000 people killed, about 1,900 missing, 7,750 injured, 250,000 homeless and extensive damage. [53] [120] November 24 * George Raft, actor, dies at age 85 in New York. [1] November 25 * Death of Konrad Wachsmann in Los Angeles (born in Frankfurt an der Oder, Germany); architect. [37] November 26

706

* Space shuttle Columbia mated to solid rocket boosters and external tank at Vehicle Assembly Building. [1] * Rachael Roberts, actress, dies at age 53. [1] November 27 * Death of F. Burrall Hoffman, American architect (born 1882). [120] * Soyuz T-3 carries three cosmonauts to Salyut 6 space station, launched. [1] November 29 * Death of Dorothy Day, social progressive and founder of the Catholic Worker (born 1897). [120] * Dorothy Day, author (Stump the Authors), dies at age 83. [1] December 1 * Sam Levene, actor (Purple Heart, Designing Women), dies at age 75. [1] December 2 * Death of Romain Gary, Lithuanian-born writer (born 1914). [120] * Four American Maryknoll nuns killed by death squads in El Salvador. [1] December 4 * Francisco Sá Carneiro, Portuguese Prime Minister dies in a plane crash in Camarate in the outskirts of Lisbon (born 1934). [120] * Death of Stanislawa Walasiewicz, Polish-born runner (born 1911). [120] * Two months after death of drummer John Bonham, Led Zeppelin breaks up. [1] December 5 * Bank of Canada's Canadian Currency Museum opens. [1] December 6 * NASA launches Intelsat V. [1] December 7 * Death of Darby Crash, American songwriter, singer for The Germs, by heroin overdose at age 22 (born 1958). [1] [120] December 8

707

* Former Beatle John Lennon dies en route to hospital after being shot outside his New York City apartment by Mark David Chapman, a deranged fan who had received his signature earlier in the day. [1] [120] * "Bravo" network premieres on cable TV. [1] December 10 * Soyuz T-3 returns to Earth. [1] * USSR performs underground nuclear test. [1] December 11 * CERCLA is enacted by the U.S. Congress. [120] December 12 * Apple Computer becomes a publicly held company, selling 4.6 million shares at US$22 per share. More than 40 Apple employees and investors become instant millionaires. This is the largest initial public offering in the US since Ford's in 1956. [4] * USA's copyright law amended to include computer programs. [1] December 13 * Harm van Riel, Dutch Liberal Party politician, dies at age 73. [1] December 14 * At 2 PM EST there is 10 minutes of silence in memory of John Lennon in the USA. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] December 15 * The Academia de la Llingua Asturiana (Academy of the Asturian Language) is created. [120] * Premier Queddei's troops conquer Chad capital N'djamena. [1] * ZBZ Sangha officially registered after five years of administrative hassles in Warsaw. [1] December 16 * Harland "Colonel" Sanders, founder Kentucky Fried Chicken, dies at age 90 (born 1890). [1] [120] * Death of Hellmuth Walter, German engineer and inventor (born 1900). [120]

708

* During a summit on the island of Bali, OPEC decides to raise the price of petroleum by 10 percent. [120] * US President-elect Ronald Reagan announces Alexander Haig as Secretary of State. [1] December 17 * Great Britain performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * Mauritania provisional constitution published. [1] December 18 * Alexei N Kosygin, Soviet Prime Minister (1964-80), suffers a fatal heart attack at age 76. [1] * Dutch second Chamber accepts minister Van Agt's abortion laws. [1] * Irish Republican Army's Sean McKenna becomes critically ill, ends hunger strike. [1] * Vietnam adopts constitution. [1] December 19 * Anguilla becomes a British dependency separate from Saint Kitts. [1] * Iran requests US$24 billion in US guarantees to free hostages. [1] * Mutual Broadcasting cancels Sears Radio Theater. [1] December 20 * USSR formally announces death of Alexei Kosygin. [1] December 21 * Marc Connelly, playwright (One Minute Please), dies at age 90. [1] December 22 * Dick Kallman, actor (Hank Dearborn-Hank), murdered at age 47. [1] * President-elect Ronald Reagan appoints Jean Kirkpatrick (UN delegate) and James Watt (Interior). [1] December 24 * Death of German Admiral Karl Donitz in Aumuhle, Germany; submarine officer in WWI, rebuilt a submarine fleet after the war, commander of the German navy (1943), leader of the nation for a few days (1945). [1] [120] (December 22 [37]) * Death of Siggie Nordstrom, model, actress, entertainer, socialite and lead singer of The Nordstrom Sisters (born 1893). [120]

709

* Alec Lafayette Chew Wilder, composer, dies at age 73. [1] * Americans remember Iran hostages by shining lights for 417 seconds. [1] December 25 * Fred Emney, actor (Adventures of a Private Eye), dies at age 80. [1] * Louis Neefs, Belgian singer, dies at age 43. [1] * Oscar Romero, archbishop of El Salvador, is murdered. [1] December 26 * Richard Chase, the "Vampire of Sacramento," kills himself by overdose on San Quentin prison death row (born 1950). [120] December 28 * A made-for-television film of Michael Cristofer's Tony and Pulitzer-winning play about terminal illness, The Shadow Box, is telecast by ABC. [120] * Jersey calf that lived 222 days with an artificial heart, dies. [1] * México terminates fishing agreements with US. [1] December 29 * Roy Engle, actor (Police Chief - My Favorite Martian), dies at age 67. [1] * Shuttle STS-1 moves from Vandenberg Air Force Base to Launch Complex 39A. [1] * Tim Hardin, American singer ("Bird on a Wire"), dies of a drug overdose at age 39 (born 1941). [1] [120] December 30 * Wonderful World of Disney last airs on NBC-TV. [1] December 31 * A Jewish-owned hotel in Nairobi, Kenya is bombed killing 18. [1] * Marshall McLuhan, Canadian cultural philosopher, dies at age 69 (born 1911). [1] [120] * Raoul Walsh, US director (High Sierra), dies at about age 88. [1] * Senegal President Leopold Senghor resigns. [1]

710

1981 January 1 * Greece is 10th country to join European Economic Community. [1] [37] [119] * International Year for the Disabled begins. [1] * Palau (Trust Territory of Pacific Islands) becomes self-governing. [1] [119] * Roger Smith becomes CEO of General Motors. [1] January 2 * David Lynch, singer (Platters-My Prayer), dies at age 51. [1] January 4 * Peter Pan closes at Lunt-Fontanne Theater in New York City, New York after 578 performances. [1] * Sheffield police arrest Peter Sutcliffe, a 34-year-old lorry driver, on suspicion of being the Yorkshire Ripper who has killed 13 women and attacked seven others over the last six years (later convicted). [1] [119] January 5 * Death of Lanza del Vasto, Italian-born philosopher, poet, and activist (born 1901). [119] * Harold C Urey, American chemist (Deuterium, Nobel Prize 1934), dies at age 87 (born 1893). [1] [119] * Paul Félix, Flemish architect (Song of the Sun), dies at age 67. [1] January 6 * Brazilian double decker boat Novo Amapo capsizes Amazon River, Belem de Cajari, Macapa, Brazil, 230 killed. [119] * A[rchibald] J[oseph] Cronin, Scottish physician/author (Citadel), dies at age 84 (born 1896). [1] [119] January 7 * Jose Ardevol, composer, dies at age 69. [1] January 8 * Pirates of Penzance opens at Uris Theater in New York City, New York for 772 performances. [1] * Matthew Beard, entertainer, dies. [1] * Disneyland welcomes its 200-millionth guest, Gert Schelvis. [6]

711

* Woody Chamblis, actor (Mr Lathrop - Gunsmoke), dies at age 66. [1] January 9 * Kazimierz Serocki, composer, dies at age 58. [1] * Francisco Balsamao elected President of Portugal. [1] January 10 * Richard Boone, actor (Paladin - Have Gun Will Travel), dies at age 63. [1] * Death of Katherine Alexander, American actress (born 1898). [119] * El Salvador guerrilla group FMLN opens "general offensive". [1] January 11 * British team led by Ranulph Fiennes completes longest and fastest crossing of Antarctica, reaching Scott base after 75 days (2,500 miles). [1] * Palau adopts constitution. [1] January 12 * -35 degrees F (-37 degrees C), Chester, Massachusetts (state record). [1] * Beulah Bondi, Chicago, Illinois, actress (It's a Wonderful Life), dies at age 89. [1] * Isobel Elsom, actress (Unseen, Jane Eyre, Illegal), dies at age 87. [1] * Dynasty, a prime time soap opera inspired by Dallas, starring Joan Collins, premieres on ABC-TV. [1] January 13 * Bollingen Prize for poetry awarded to May Swenson and Howard Nemerov. [1] * Emiel van Hemeldonck, Belgian writer (Mary, My Child), dies at age 83. [1] * Donna Griffiths, a schoolgirl in Pershore, Worcestershire, United Kingdom, begins an uncontrollable series of sneezes that end September 16, 1983 - after 978 days. [119] * Barbara Sonntag, Colorado, crochets record 147 stitches/minutes for 30 minutes. [1] January 14 * US Federal Communications Commission frees stations to air as many commercials an hour as they wish. [1] January 15 * Hill Street Blues premieres on NBC-TV. [1] * Emanuel Celler (Representative-Democrat-New York, 1923-73), dies at age 92. [1] January 16

712

* Protestant gunmen shoot and wound Bernadette Devlin McAliskey and her husband. [1] [119] * Bernard Lee, actor (M in James Bond Movies), dies at age 73. [1] January 17 * Former Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos lifted Martial Law. [1] [119] January 18 * Iran accepts US offer of US$7.9 billion in frozen assets. [1] January 19 * Muhammad Ali talks a despondent 21-year old out of committing suicide. [1] * In Irian Jaya, Indonesia, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake occurs. Three hundred five people killed, some injured and about 1,000 missing in the Jayawijaya Mountains. [53] * United States and Iranian officials sign an agreement to release 52 American hostages after 14 months of captivity. [1] [119] January 20 * Admiral Stansfield Turner, US Navy (Retired), ends term as 12th director of US Central Intelligence Agency. [1] * Ronald Reagan succeeds Jimmy Carter, becoming the 40th President of the United States. [1] [119] * Minutes after Ronald Reagan takes office as US President, Iran releases the 52 Americans held for 444 days, ending the Iran hostage crisis. [1] [119] January 21 * The first De Lorean DMC-12 automobile, a stainless steel sports car with gull-wing doors, rolls off the production line in Dunmurry, Northern Ireland. [119] * Allyn Joslyn, actor (They Won't Forget, Cafe Society), dies at age 79. [1] January 22 * Fowzi Nejad, sole survivor of the terrorists from the Iranian Embassy siege in London, pleads guilty to manslaughter of two hostages and is jailed for life. [119] * Fannie Thomas, American, dies at age 113. [1] January 23 * First Richard Nixon museum opens (San Clemente, California). [1] * Bobby Sherwood, orchestra leader (Milton Berle Show), dies at age 66. [1]

713

* Jochem Bird elected mayor of West Berlin. [1] * Samuel Barber, US composer (School for Scandal), dies at age 70. [1] * In Sichuan Province, China, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake occurs. One hundred fifty people killed, 300 injured and extensive damage in the Dawu area. [53] * Death of Samuel Barber, American composer (born 1910). [119] January 24 * The British Labour Party special conference at Wembley decides that leadership elections should be by electoral college. [119] January 25 * Four former British Labour cabinet ministers (Roy Jenkins, Shirley Williams, William Rodgers and David Owen) issue the Limehouse Declaration, leading to the formation of the Social Democratic Party. [119] * Chiang Ching ('Madame Mao') is sentenced to death in the People's Republic of China. [119] * 52 Americans held hostage by Iran for 444 days arrive back in US. [1] * Adele Marie Astaire, actress/sister of Fred Astaire (Last Man on Earth, Millie), dies at age 82. [1] * Mao's widow Jiang Qing is sentenced to death. [1] * Richard Talmadge, actor (Speed Reporter), dies. [1] January 27 * Leo Collard, Belgian minister of Education (1946/1954-58), dies at age 78. [1] * Indonesian passenger ship Tamponas 2 catches fire and capsizes in the Java Sea, killing 580. [119] January 28 * Olympic Glory oil tanker at Galveston Bay, Texas, spills one million gallons of oil in a ship collision. [1] * William J Casey becomes the 13th director of US Central Intelligence Agency (until 1987). [1] January 30 * 8th American Music Awards: Kenny Rogers wins. [1] January 31 * "The Tide Is High" song by Blondie hits #1. [1] * 38th Golden Globes: Ordinary People, Coal Miner's Daughter. [1] * Death of Cozy Cole, American jazz drummer (born 1909). [1] [119]

714

February 1 * Ernst Pepping, composer, dies at age 79. [1] * French government accord sends 60 Mirage fighter jets to Iraq. [1] * Nils Geirr Tveitt, Norwegian composer, dies at age 72 (born 1908). [1] [119] * Wanda Hendrix, actress (Sierra, Ride the Pink Horse), dies. [1] February 2 * Louise Lorraine, actress (Adventures of Tarzan), dies. [1] * Donald W Douglas, US aircraft pioneer/builder, dies at age 88. [1] * Jan Donner, Dutch chairman of High Council, dies at age 89. [1] February 3 * Gro Harlem Brundtland elected premier of Norway. [1] February 4 * Gro Harlem Brundtland becomes the Prime Minister of Norway. [119] February 5 * Kuda Bux, Indian mystic (I'd Like to See), dies at age 75. [1] * Largest Jell-O made (9,246 gallons of watermelon-flavor) in Brisbane, Australia. [1] * Military jury in North Carolina convicts Robert Garwood of collaborating with enemy. [1] * Barend Barendse, Dutch sportscaster, dies at age 73. [1] February 6 * Ex-Beatles Paul McCartney, Ringo Starr, and George Harrison record a tribute to John Lennon. [1] February 8 * Nineteen fans of Olympiacos FC and two fans of AEK Athens are killed and 54 injured after a stampede at the Karaiskaki Stadium in Pireus, possibly because Gate 7 did not open immediately after the end of the game. [119] February 9 * Bill Haley, American vocalist ("Rock Around Clock"), dies of heart attack at age 55 (born 1925). [1] [119]

715

* Polish Prime Minister Józef Pinkowski resigns and is replaced by General Wojciech Jaruzelski. [119] (February 11 [1]) February 10 * A fire at the Las Vegas Hilton hotel-casino kills eight and injures 198. [1] [119] February 12 * Cape Verde amends its constitution. [1] * Jean Dixon, actress (Joy of Living, You Only Live Once), dies. [1] * Admiral Bobby R Inman, US Navy, becomes deputy director of US Central Intelligence Agency. [1] February 13 * Rupert Murdoch buys The Times and The Sunday Times for £12 million. [119] * Longest sentence published by New York Times - 1286 words. [1] February 14 * Australia withdraws recognition of the Pol Pot regime in Cambodia. [119] * Stardust fire: a fire at the Stardust nightclub in Artane, Dublin, Ireland in the early hours killed 48 and injured 214 [119] February 15 * Death of Karl Richter, German conductor (born 1926). [119] * Mike Bloomfield, rocker (Electric Flag), dies of drug overdose at age 36. [1] * Rocket-powered ice sled attains 399 kph, Lake George, New York. [1] * Thomas Beversdorf, composer, dies at age 56. [1] February 16 * Howard Hanson, composer, dies at age 84. [1] February 17 * Chrysler Corp reports largest corporate loss in US history. [1] February 18 * Death of John Knudsen Northrop, American airplane manufacturer (born 1895). [119] February 19

716

* George Harrison is ordered to pay ABKCO Music $587,000 for "subconscious plagiarism" of "My Sweet Lord" with "He's So Fine". [1] * Frank Merrik, composer, dies at age 94. [1] February 20 * Flight readiness firing of space shuttle Columbia's main engines; 20 seconds. [1] * Death of Baron Nicolas de Gunzburg, French magazine editor and playboy (born 1904). [119] February 21 * NASA launches Comstar D-4. [1] * Japan launches Hinotori satellite to study solar flares (580/640 k). [1] February 23 * Spanish coup under Lieutenant-Colonel Antonio Tejero Molina fails. [1] * Antonio Tejero, with members of the Guardia Civil, enters the Spanish Congress of Deputies and stops the session where Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo is about to be named president of the government. The coup d'état fails thanks to King Juan Carlos. [119] * People magazine features drug ordeal of Mackenzie and Papa John Phillips. [1] February 24 * Britain's Prince Charles announces engagement to Lady Diana Spencer. [1] * Jean Harris is convicted of murdering Scarsdale diet doctor Tarnower. [1] * In Greece, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake occurs. Sixteen people killed, more than 400 injured, and considerable damage in the Athens-Corinth area. [53] [119] February 25 * L Calvo Sotelo elected premier of Spain. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * 23rd Grammy Awards: "Sailing" by Christopher Cross, Billy Joel win. [1] February 26 * Three Anglican missionaries, detained in Iran since August 1980, are released. [1] * FC Terborgh [Reijnier Flaes], lawyer/writer (Turkish War), dies at age 79. [1] * French Train à Grande Vitesse averages 380 kph on trial run. [1] * Howard Hanson, American composer/conductor (Nordic), dies at age 84 (born 1896). [1] [119] * Munabi, assistant to Ugandan President Obote, murdered. [1]

717

February 27 * Greatest passenger load on a commercial airliner-610 on Boeing 747. [1] * Death of Jacob H. Gilbert, American politician (born 1920). [119] February 28 * People's Republic of China throws out Netherlands ambassador due to submarine sale to Taiwan. [1] March 1 * Bobby Sands, a Provisional Irish Republican Army member, begins a hunger strike for political status in Long Kesh prison (he dies May 5, the first of 10 men). [1] [119] * Sophisticated Ladies opens at Lunt-Fontanne theater in New York City for 767 performances. [1] March 2 * Janear Hines, actress (Roberta-Julia), dies at age 30. [1] * Aircraft hijacked by three Pakistani terrorists. [1] March 4 * Torin Thatcher, actor (Houdini, Isranbul, Lady Godiva), dies. [1] March 5 * US government grants Atlanta $1 million to search for black boy murderer. [1] * Brenda De Banzie, actress (39 Steps, Hobson's Choice), dies at age 64. [1] * Paul Horbiger, actor (3rd Man), dies at age 86. [1] March 6 * France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island. [1] * Klaus Grabowski, child molester, shot by parent. [1] * Soyuz 39 returns to Earth. [1] * After 19 years hosting the CBS Evening News, Walter Cronkite signs off for the last time. [1] [119] March 7 * John Gnagy, artist (Learn to Draw), dies at age 73. [1] * Kirill Petrovich Kondrashin, Russian conductor/composer, dies at age 67 (born 1914). [1] [119] * First homicide at Disneyland, 18-year old is stabbed to death. [1]

718

March 9 * Max Delbrück, German/US biologist (Nobel Prize 1969), dies at age 74 (born 1906). [1] [119] March 10 * Sir Geoffrey Howe announces the British budget, which raises taxes in the middle of a recession. [119] March 11 * Chile constitution takes effect; military dictator Augusto Pinochet is sworn in as President for another 8-year term. [1] [119] March 12 * Walter R T Witschey installs world's largest sundial, Richmond, Virginia. [1] * Soyuz T-4 carries two cosmonauts to Salyut 6 space station. [1] March 14 * René Clair, French director (It Happened Tomorrow), dies at age 82?. [1] March 15 * Suriname failed coup under Sergeant-Major Wilfred Hawker. [1] March 17 * In Italy the Propagande Due Masonic Lodge is discovered. [119] March 19 * Three workers are killed and five injured during a test of the Space Shuttle Columbia. [1] [119] March 20 * Argentine ex-President Isabel Perón sentenced to 8 years. [1] * Jean Harris sentenced 15-to-life for slaying of Scarsdale Diet Doctor. [1] March 22 * Soyuz 39 carries two cosmonauts (one Mongolian) to Salyut 6. [1]

719

March 23 * US Supreme Court upholds law making statutory rape a crime only for men. [1] * Death of Beatrice Tinsley, English astronomer (born 1941). [119] * US Supreme Court rules states could require, with some exceptions, parental notification when teen-age girls sought abortions. [1] March 24 * Colombia drops diplomatic relations with Cuba. [1] March 26 * Police and Albanian demonstrators battle in Kosovo, Yugoslavia. [1] * Soyuz T-4 lands. [1] * The British Social Democratic Party is launched at the Connaught Rooms in London. [119] * Cyril Dean Darlington, biologist (hereditary mechanisms), dies at age 77. [1] March 28 * France performs nuclear test. [1] * Viv Richards scores century in the first Test at his home in Antigua. [1] March 29 * Eric Williams, Prime Minister (Trinidad and Tobago), dies at age 79. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] March 30 * Dewitt Wallace, American magazine founder/publisher (Reader's Digest), dies at age 91 (born 1889). [1] [119] * U.S. President Ronald Reagan is shot in the chest outside a Washington, D.C. hotel by John Hinckley, Jr. Two police officers and Press Secretary James Brady are also wounded. [1] [119] March 31 * Death of Frank Tieri, American gangster (born 1904). [119] * First Golden Raspberry Awards: Can't Stop the Music wins. [1] * The 53rd Academy Awards, hosted by Johnny Carson, are held at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles. Robert Redford's directorial debut in Ordinary People wins Best Picture and Best Director. Robert De Niro wins Best Actor; Sissy Spacek wins Best Actress. [1] [119]

720

April 1 * The USSR adopts daylight savings time. [5] [119] * D[ennis] F[eltham] Jones, sci-fi author (Colossus), dies at age 65. [1] April 2 * Belgium's fourth government of Martens resigns. [1] * Heavy battle between Christian militia and Syrian army in East Lebanon. [1] April 3 * Race riots in London's Brixton area. [1] * Death of Juan Trippe, Airline entrepreneur (born 1899). [119] April 4 * UK pop group Bucks Fizz wins the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 with the song "Making Your Mind Up". [119] * Brad Johnson, actor (Annie Oakley), dies at age 56. [1] April 5 * Cornelis Verolme, Dutch ship builder, dies at age 80. [1] * Death of Maurice Zbriger, Canadian violinist, composer and conductor (born 1896). [119] April 6 * Yugoslav government sends troops to Kosovo. [1] * Bob "The Bear" Hite, singer (Canned Heat - "Goin' up the Country"), dies of a heart attack at age 36. [1] April 7 * Belgium Eysken's government forms. [1] * Willem Klein mentally extracts 13th root of a 100-digit number in 29 seconds. [1] * Death of Norman Taurog, American film director (born 1899). [119] (April 8 [1]) April 8 * Omar Bradley, last American five-star General, dies in New York at age 88. [1] April 9

721

* US submarine George Washington rams Japanese freighter Nisso Maru. [1] April 10 * Computer glitch keeps Space Shuttle Columbia grounded. [1] * France performs nuclear test. [1] * Imprisoned Irish Republican Army hunger striker Bobby Sands elected to British Parliament (Fermanagh and South Tyrone by-election). [1] [119] April 11 * Rioters in South London (Brixton) throw petrol bombs, attack police and loot shops. [1] [119] April 12 * Hans Chemin-Petit, composer, dies at age 78. [1] * Hendrik F Andriessen, Dutch organist/composer (Te Deum), dies at age 88. [1] * Death of Joe Louis, American boxer (born 1914). [119] * Space Shuttle Columbia (John Young, Robert Crippen) launches on the maiden Space Transit System-1 mission. [1] [119] April 13 * Pulitzer prize awarded to Beth Henley for "Crimes of the Heart". [1] * Washington Post's Janet Cooke wins Pulitzer Prize for "Jimmy's World" (later admits story was a hoax and returns prize). [1] April 14 * First Space Shuttle-Columbia 1-returns to Earth. [1] April 15 * French Duynstee, Dutch states rights leader, dies at age 67. [1] * Janet Cooke says her Pulitzer award-winning 8-year-old heroin addict story is a lie; Washington Post relinquishes Pulitzer Prize on fabricated story. [1] * The Australian Foreign Minister Andrew Peacock resigns from the cabinet, accusing Prime Minister Fraser of gross disloyalty. [119] April 18 * Death of James H. Schmitz, German-born writer (born 1911). [119] * The rock band Yes splits up (regrouping in 1983). [119] April 19

722

* Ernst Levy, composer, dies at age 85. [1] April 20 * Final performance of TV show Soap airs. [1] * Rocker Papa John Phillips arrested for drug possession. [1] April 21 * US furnishes US$1 billion in arms to Saudi Arabia. [1] April 22 * Almost one million West German metal workers go on strike. [1] * Brailsford Reese Brazeal, dean (Morehouse College), dies at age 76. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] * 10,000 copper workers in Chile strike. [1] April 24 * US ends grain embargo against USSR. [1] April 26 * Jim Davis, actor (Jack Ewing - Dallas), dies at age 65. [1] * Largest US bank robbery (Tucson, Arizona), more than US$33 million stolen. [1] * Madge Evans, TV panelist (Masquerade Party), dies at age 71. [1] April 27 * Xerox introduces the Xerox 8010 Star Information System. It features graphics display, word processor, mouse, laser printer, Ethernet, and software for combining text and graphics Priced at about $16,000, the computer is not a commercial success. During its lifetime, 100,000 units are produced. [4] * Death of John Aspinwall Roosevelt, American businessman and philanthropist (born 1916). [119] April 29 * Peter Sutcliffe admits he is the Yorkshire Ripper (murdered 13 women). [1] April 30 * 16th Academy of Country Music Awards: Barbara Mandrell and George Jones win. [1]

723

May 1 * Dr Clarence A Bacote, historian and political scientist, dies at age 75. [1] * Peter Huchel, writer, dies at age 78. [1] * Start of the new Chilean pension system, based on private pension funds. [119] May 5 * Bobby Sands, Irish Republican Army activist, dies in his 66th day of hunger strike (born 1954). [1] [119] May 6 * US expels Libyan diplomats. [1] * A jury of architects and sculptors unanimously selects Maya Lin's design for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial from 1,421 other entries. [119] May 7 * Mieczyslaw Kolinski, composer, dies at age 79. [1] * The Greater London Council (England) election results in a small Labour majority. [119] May 8 * Daniel Gillès, Belgian writer, dies at age 64. [1] * Margaret Lindsay, actress (G Men, Lady Killer, Jezebel), dies from emphysema at age 40. [1] May 9 * Nelson Algren, American writer (Man with the Golden Arm), dies at age 72 (born 1909). [1] [119] * Death of Ralph Allen, English footballer (born 1906). [119] May 10 * François Mitterrand defeats Valery Giscard d'Estang for President of France. [1] [119] * In Italy a popular referendum rejects the abrogation of the law allowing abortion. [119] May 11 * Andrew Lloyd Webber/TS Eliot's musical Cats premieres in London. [1]

724

* Bob Marley, Jamaican reggae singer, dies of brain and lung cancer at age 36 (born 1945). [1] [119] * Hoyt J Fuller, editor (first World magazine), dies at age 57. [1] * Death of Odd Hassel, Norwegian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1897). [119] May 12 * Benjamin H Sheares, President of Singapore, dies. [1] May 13 * Pope John Paul II is shot and seriously wounded while passing through Saint Peter's Square in Rome, in an open car. Four shots were fired by Mehmet Ali Agca, two striking the Pope, the other two wounding American Ann Odre and Jamaican Rose Hill. [1] [119] [129] * Carl Weinrich, composer, dies at age 76. [1] May 14 * NASA launches space vehicle S-192. [1] May 15 * SCTV Network 90, sequel to Second City Television debuts on NBC. [1] * Soyuz 40 carries two cosmonauts (one Rumanian) to Salyut 6. [1] * Donna Payant is murdered by serial killer Lemuel Smith - the first time a female prison officer has been killed on-duty in the United States. [119] May 16 * "Bette Davis Eyes" song by Kim Carnes hits #1 for next 9 weeks. [1] May 17 * Hugo Freidhofer, composer, dies at age 80. [1] * Jeannette Ridlon Piccard, first US woman free balloon pilot, dies. [1] May 18 * William Saroyan, American stagewriter (Time of your life), dies at age 72 (born 1908). [1] [119] * Arthur O'Connell, actor (Mr Peepers, Second Hundred Years), dies at age 73. [1] May 21 * François Mitterrand becomes President of France. [1]

725

* Kim Seelbrede, (Ohio), crowned 30th Miss USA. [1] * Yuki Shimoda, actor (Farewell to Manzanar), dies. [1] * In France, Socialist François Mitterrand becomes President. [119] May 22 * Soyuz 40 returns to Earth. [1] * Peter Sutcliffe is found guilty of being the Yorkshire Ripper. He is sentenced to life imprisonment on 13 counts of murder and seven of attempted murder. [119] May 23 * Barcelona fascists take 200 people hostage. [1] * NASA launches Intelsat V. [1] May 24 * George Jessel, US comedian/America's toastmaster general (Diary of Young Comic), dies from a heart attack at age 83. [1] (May 23 [5]) * Hostage situation ends at Central Bank in Barcelona, Spain. [1] * Jack Warner [Waters], actor (Captive Heart), dies at age 84. [1] * Jaime Roldós Aguilera, President of Ecuador, dies in air plane crash. [1] [240.114] May 25 * Daniel Goodwin scales outside of Chicago's Sears Tower in 7 hours. [1] * Rosa Ponselle, US singer (Metropolitan Opera), dies at age 84. [1] * Roy James Brown, rocker (Good rockin' tonight), dies of a heart attack at age 55. [1] * In Riyadh, the Gulf Cooperation Council is created between Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. [119] May 26 * Marine jet crashes on flight deck of USS Nimitz, killing 14. [1] * Soyuz T-4 returns to Earth. [1] * The Italian government resigns over its links to the fascist Masonic cell Propaganda Due. [119] May 27 * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] May 28 * Stefan Wyszynski, Polish Cardinal, dies. [1] * Mary Lou Williams, musician, dies at age 71 in Durham, North Carolina. [1]

726

May 29 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] May 30 * Ziaur Rahmen, President of Bangladesh, is assassinated by a group of rebel officers. [1] [119] * Death of Don Ashby, Canadian ice hockey player (born 1955). [119] June 1 * Death of Carl Vinson, U.S. Congressman (born 1883). [119] * Production of Chevrolet Corvette cars begins at a new plant in Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA. The first Corvette is a two-tone Beige over Dark Brown 1981 model. [8] June 2 * Death of Rino Gaetano, Italian singer-songwriter (born 1950). [119] June 3 * Dr Carleton Coon, anthropology professor (What in the World), dies at age 76. [1] * Pope John Paul II released from hospital after attempt on life. [1] June 4 * E Bowell discovers asteroids #2494 Inge, #2797 Teucer, #2870 Haupt. [1] June 5 * The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report that five homosexual men in Los Angeles, California have a rare form of pneumonia seen only in patients with weakened immune systems (the first recognized cases of AIDS). [1] [119] June 6 * Seven coaches of an overcrowded passenger train fall off the tracks into the River Kosi in Bihar, India; about 800 die. [119] June 7 * Israel destroys alleged Iraqi plutonium production facility. [1] * The Israeli Air Force destroys Iraq's Osirak nuclear reactor. [119]

727

June 9 * Allen Ludden, American television game show host (Password), dies at age 63 (born 1917). [1] [119] June 10 * Irish Republican Army's Joseph Doherty escapes from Crumlin Road Jail. [1] * Russell "Lucky" Hayden, actor (Judge Roy Bean), dies at age 68. [1] * Death of Jenny Maxwell, American actress (born 1941). [119] June 11 * In Southern Iran, a magnitude 6.9 earthquake occurs. Three thousand people killed, many injured, and extensive damage in Kerman Province. [53] June 13 * Tom Snyder interviews Charles Manson on Tomorrow TV show. [1] * At the Trooping the Colour ceremony in London, Marcus Sarjeant fires six blank shots at Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom. [1] [119] June 17 * Death of Zerna Sharp, American writer and educator (born 1889). [119] * Death of Sir Richard O'Connor, English general (born 1889). [119] June 18 * Death of Pamela Hansford Johnson, English poet, novelist, playwright, literary and social critic (born 1912). [119] June 19 * European Space Agency's Ariane carries two satellites into orbit. [1] * Heaviest known orange (2.5 kg) exhibited, Nelspruit, South Africa. [1] * India's APPLE satellite, first to be stabilized on three axes, launched. [1] * Death of Lotte Reiniger, German-born silhouette animator (born 1899). [119] * Boeing commercial Chinook 2-rotor helicopter is certified. [1] June 21 * 12-bottle case of 1979 Napamedoc Cabernet wine auctioned for US$24,000. [1] * Wayne Williams, a 23-year-old African American, is arrested and charged with the murders of two other African Americans. He will later be suspected of 28 others, in the Atlanta child murders. [119]

728

June 22 * Two Habash terrorists attack a travel agency in Greece killing two. [1] * Mark David Chapman pleads guilty to killing John Lennon. [1] * Iranian president Abolhassan Banisadr is deposed. [119] June 23 * Amanda Maccaro becomes first American to win Russian Ballet Competition. [1] * New York City mayor Ed Koch turns down a $7,500 offer to perform comedy. [1] * Death of Zarah Leander, Swedish actress and singer (born 1907). [119] June 24 * The Humber Bridge, the world's longest single-span suspension bridge (for the next 17 years), opens, connecting Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. [5] June 26 * Couples For Christ, a Christian charismatic organization, is established in the Philippines. [119] June 28 * Death of Terry Fox, Canadian athlete and cancer activist (born 1958). [119] June 30 * China's Communist Party condemns the late Mao Tse-tung's policy. [1] July 1 * Laurel Canyon California murders (four die, one wounded). [1] * Radio Shack third release of Model III TRSDOS 1.3. [1] * George Voskovec, actor (Fred - Nero Wolfe, Peter - Skag), dies at age 76. [1] July 2 * L E Gonzalez discovers asteroid #3495 Colchagua. [1] July 3 * Ross Martin, actor (Mr Lucky, Wild Wild West), dies at age 61. [1] * The Toxteth riots start after a mob save a youth from being arrested. [119] July 5

729

* Rajan Mahadevan recites 31,811 digits of pi from memory. [1] July 7 * First solar-powered aircraft, Solar Challenger, crosses English Channel. [1] * Keefe Brasselle, actor (Be Our Guest), dies at age 58. [1] July 8 * Death of Joe McDonnell, Irish political prisoner (born 1951). [119] * California Governor Jerry Brown, faced with a Mediterranean fruit fly infestation, chooses to delay the aerial spraying of malathion, in favor of continuing ground-based eradication efforts. [119] * Loring Smith, actor (The Hartmans), dies at age 86. [1] * US Senate confirms Sandra Day O'Conner to Supreme Court (99-0). [1] July 10 * Buena Vista releases the animated feature film The Fox and the Hound to theaters in the US. This is the first major animated film effort of the "new generation" of Disney artists. [6] * CERN achieves first proton-antiproton beam collision (570 GeV). [1] * Mahathir bin Mohamad became the fourth prime minister of Malaysia. [119] July 16 * Harry Chapin, American singer and songwriter, dies at age 39 of a heart attack when his car is rear-ended (born 1942). [1] [119] * Shukuni Sasaki spins 72 plates simultaneously. [1] July 17 * Two skywalks filled with people at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Kansas City, Missouri collapse into a crowded atrium lobby, killing 114, injuring 200. [1] [119] * Israeli aircraft bomb Beirut, destroying multi-storey apartment blocks containing the offices of PLO associated groups, killing approximately 300 civilians and resulting in worldwide condemnation and a U.S. embargo on the export of aircraft to Israel. [119] July 21 * Tohui The Panda is born in Chapultepec Zoo in Mexico City, Mexico. It is the first Panda to ever be born and survive in captivity outside of China. [119] July 22

730

* Turkish terrorist Mehmet Ali Agca sentenced in a Rome court to life in prison. [1] July 25 * Ian Martin, actor (Uncle Bill - O'Neills), dies at age 69. [1] * Voyager 2 encounters Saturn. [1] July 26 * Two climbers rappel 550 metres down cliff near Angel Falls, Venezuela. [1] * E Bowell discovers asteroids #2845 Franklinken and #2882 Tedesco. [1] July 27 * Death of Adam Walsh, American murder victim, inspired Code Adam (born 1974). [119] * Death of William Wyler, American movie director (born 1902). [119] * Ray Harrison, dancer (American Song), dies at age 64. [1] July 28 * In Southern Iran, a magnitude 7.3 earthquake occurs. Fifteen hundred people killed, 1,000 injured, 50,000 homeless and extensive damage in the Kerman region. [53] July 29 * Death of Robert Moses, American urban planner (born 1888). [119] * Prince Charles of England weds Lady Diana Spencer. [1] [119] July 31 * Arnette Hubbard installed as first woman president of the US National Bar Association. [1] * General Omar Torrijos, president of Panama, dies in plane crash. [1] [240.152] August 1 * MTV music video TV begins broadcasting in the United States and airs its first video, Video Killed The Radio Star by the Buggles. [1] [119] August 3 * The American Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO) goes on strike. [1] [119] August 4

731

* Space Shuttle Columbia mated with solid rocket boosters and external tank for STS2 mission. [1] * Melvyn Douglas, actor, dies at age 80. [1] August 5 * Ronald Reagan fires 11,359 striking air-traffic controllers who ignored his order for them to return to work. [1] [119] August 6 * NASA launches Fltsatcom-5, it failed. [1] August 7 * The Washington Star ceases all operations after 128 years of publication. [119] August 12 * At the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City, and in Boca Raton, Florida, IBM announces the IBM Personal Computer, model 5150. The PC features a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 CPU, 16 kB RAM (expandable to 256 kB), 40 kB ROM, one 5.25-inch floppy drive (160 kB capacity), for US$1565. A fully loaded version with color graphics costs US$6000. [1] [4] [5] [119] * Jon Erikson (US) becomes first to triple cross English Channel (38:27). [1] August 14 * Death of Karl Böhm, Austrian conductor (born 1894). [119] August 19 * U.S. President Ronald Reagan appoints the first female U.S. Supreme Court Justice, Sandra Day O'Connor. [119] * Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi sends two Sukhoi Su-22 fighter jets to intercept two U.S. fighters over the Gulf of Sidra. The American jets destroy the Libyan fighters. [1] [119] August 24 * Mark David Chapman is sentenced to 20 years to life for John Lennon's murder. [1] [119] August 25

732

* Jeff Schwartz sets solo record for trampoline bouncing (266:09). [1] * Voyager 2's closest approach to Saturn (63,000 miles/100,000 km). [1] August 26 * Roger Nash Baldwin, founder of the ACLU, dies. [1] * Space Shuttle vehicle moves to Launch Complex 39A for STS-2 mission. [1] August 27 * Divers begin to recover a safe found aboard the cruise ship Andrea Doria. [1] * Joan Edwards, singer (Joan Edwards Show), dies at age 62. [1] August 28 * South African troops invade Angola. [119] * John Hinckley Jr pleads innocent in attempt to kill US President Ronald Reagan. [1] * US National Centers for Disease Control announces high incidence of Pneumocystis and Kaposi's sarcoma in gay men. [1] August 29 * Lowell Thomas, newscaster (High Adventure), dies in Pawling New York, at age 89. [1] August 30 * Death of Vera-Ellen, American actress and dancer (born 1921). [119] * Mohammad Ali Rajai, president of Iran, is assassinated by a bomb. [1] * Mohammad Javad Bahonar, prime minister of Iran, is assassinated by a bomb. [1] August 31 * A bomb explodes at the U.S. Air Force base in Ramstein, West Germany, injuring 20 people. [119] September 1 * Death of Albert Speer in London (born in Mannheim, Germany); Adolf Hitler's chief architect and the minister of armaments and war production from 1942-1945. [37] [119] * Fiona Brothers sets women's propeller boat speed record (116.279 MPH). [1] September 2 * Death of Enid Lyons, Australia politician (born 1897). [119]

733

September 4 * An explosion at a mine in Záluží, Czechoslovakia, kills 65 people. [119] * Verne Rowe, actor (Verne - Fernwood 2 Night), dies at age 59. [1] September 5 * Ayatollah Ali Qoddusi, prosecutor-general of Iran, is assassinated. [1] September 6 * Death of Christy Brown, Irish Author, Poet, and Artist (born 1932). [119] September 7 * Judge Wapner and the People's Court premier on TV. [1] September 8 * Death of Hideki Yukawa, Japanese physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1907). [119] * Roy Wilkins, longtime executive director of NAACP, dies at age 80. [1] September 9 * Death of Sir Robert (Bob) Askin, Premier of New South Wales (born 1907). [119] September 10 * Picasso's painting Guernica is moved from New York to Madrid, Spain. [119] September 11 * A small plane crashes into the Swing Auditorium in San Bernardino damaging the venue beyond repair. [119] * Frank McHugh, actor (Dawn Patrol, Going My Way), dies at age 83. [1] September 12 * Death of Eugenio Montale, Italian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1896). [119] * In Kashmir, a magnitude 6.2 earthquake occurs. At least 220 people killed, 2,500 injured, and extensive damage and landslides in the Gilgit area. [53] * Elizabeth Ward (Arkansas) is crowned Miss America. [1] September 13 * 33rd Emmy Awards (Hill Street Blues big winner). [1]

734

* William Loeb, publisher of Manchester Union Leader, New Hampshire, dies at age 75. [1] September 14 * Margaret Thatcher appoints Cecil Parkinson as Chairman of the Conservative Party. [119] * Entertainment Tonight premieres on TV. [1] * In Sweden, Prime Minister Thorbjörn Fälldin announces a currency devaluation of 10 percent, price freezes, and a planned reduction in sales tax. [7] September 15 * Death of Rafael Méndez, Mexican-born trumpet virtuoso (born 1906). [119] * Death of Harold Bennett, British actor (born 1899). [119] * The John Bull becomes the oldest operable steam locomotive in the world, at 150 years old, when it operates under its own power outside Washington, DC. [119] * Sara Haden, actress (A Family Affair), dies at age 83. [1] * US Senate Judiciary Committee unanimously approves Sandra Day O'Connor for Supreme Court. [1] September 16 * In Britain, the Liberal Party Assembly votes for an electoral pact with the new Social Democratic Party. [119] September 18 * France abolishes capital punishment. [119] September 19 * Simon and Garfunkel perform The Concert in Central Park, a free concert in New York in front of approximately a half a million people. [1] [119] * In New South Wales, the Wran government is re-elected for a third term with an increased majority, reducing the Liberal Party of Australia to just 14 members in the Legislative Assembly. [119] * Satellites China 10 and 11 launched into Earth orbit by B-1 rocket. [1] September 20 * Brazilian river boat Sobral Santos capsizes in Amazon River, Óbidos, Brazil, killing at least 300. [119] September 21

735

* Belize gains independence from Britain (National Day). [1] [119] September 24 * Patsy Kelly, actress (Brigid Murphy - Cop and the Kid), dies at age 71. [1] September 25 * The Rolling Stones begin their tour in support of Tattoo You at JFK Stadium in Philadelphia. [1] [119] * Sandra Day O'Connor sworn in as first US female Supreme Court justice. [1] [119] September 26 * First flight of the Boeing 767 airliner. [119] September 27 * TGV high speed rail service between Paris and Lyon, France begins. [119] * Denis Healey retains the post of Deputy Leader of the Labour Party, beating Tony Benn by 50.426 percent to 49.574 percent. [119] * Robert Montgomery, actor/director (Robert Montgomery Presents), dies at age 77. [1] September 28 * Death of Sir Edward Boyle, Baron Boyle of Handsworth, British Conservative cabinet minister (born 1923). [119] * Joseph Paul Franklin, avowed racist, sentenced to life imprisonment for killing two black joggers in Salt Lake City, Utah. [1] September 29 * Death of Bill Shankly, British football manager (born 1914). [119] October 2 * Death of Harry Golden, American journalist (born 1902). [119] * Hazel Scott, singer/pianist, dies at age 61. [1] October 3 * Irish Nationalist at Maze Prison near Belfast ends seven-month hunger strike. [1] October 5

736

* Gloria Grahame, actress (Sue - Rich Man Poor Man), dies at age 55. [1] * Jud Strunk, singer/comedian (Laugh-In), dies at age 48. [1] * Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg becomes an honarary American. [1] October 6 * Egyptian president Anwar Sadat is assassinated during a parade by army members who were part of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization; they opposed his negotiations with Israel. [1] [119] October 8 * US President Ronald Reagan greets predecessors Jimmy Carter, Gerald R Ford, and Richard Nixon before sending them to Egypt for Anwar Sadat's funeral. [1] October 10 * The Ministry for Education of Japan issues the joyo kanji. [119] * A Provisional IRA bomb at Chelsea Barracks in London kills a woman pensioner. [119] * Anwar Sadat's funeral service is held in Cairo, Egypt. [1] October 11 * Unknown rocker Prince opens for Rolling Stones at Louisiana Coliseum. [1] October 13 * James Tobin wins the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel. [119] October 14 * Vice President Hosni Mubarak elected president of Egypt. [119] (October 13 [1]) October 15 * The heavy metal band Metallica forms. [119] * Frank DeKova, actor (Chief Wild Eagle - F Troop). [1] October 16 * Gas explosions occurred coal mine at Hokutan Yubari, Hokkaido, Japan, killing 93. [119] * Death of Stanley Clements, American actor (born 1926). [119] * Off the coast of Central Chile, a magnitude 7.5 earthquake occurs. [53]

737

* Moshe Dayan, Israeli general, dies at age 66 (born 1915). [1] [119] October 18 * In Venezuela, a magnitude 5.4 earthquake occurs. Fifteen people killed, many injured, and extensive damage in the Cucuta, Colombia-San Cristobal area. [53] October 20 * Three members of Weather underground arrested for armored truck robbery. [1] October 21 * Andreas Papandreou becomes Prime Minister of Greece. [119] October 22 * The founding congress of the Nepal Workers and Peasants Organization faction led by Hareram Sharma and D.P. Singh begins. [119] * American Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization decertified. [1] * US national debt tops US$1 trillion. [1] October 24 * Deborah Baltzell, actress (Karen-I'm a Big Girl Now), dies at age 25. [1] October 25 * In Michoacan, Mexico, a magnitude 7.4 earthquake occurs. [53] October 26 * An IRA bomb in a Wimpy Bar in Oxford Street, London, kills a bomb disposal expert. [119] October 27 * A Soviet submarine runs aground oustide the Karlskrona, Sweden, military base. [119] October 29 * Death of Georges Brassens, French singer and songwriter (born 1921). [119] * William O Walker, publisher of the Cleveland Call Post, dies at age 85. [1] November 1

738

* Antigua and Barbuda gains independence from Britain (National Day). [1] [119] November 4 * Columbia shuttle launch scrubbed with 31 seconds remaining. [1] November 7 * Death of Will Durant, American philosopher and writer (born 1885). [119] November 9 * Edict No 81-234 abolishes slavery in Mauritania. [119] November 10 * Abel Gance, French movie director, dies at age 92. [1] November 12 * The Church of England General Synod voted to admit women to holy orders. [119] * First balloon crossing of the Pacific is completed (Double Eagle V). [1] * Second shuttle mission-first time spacecraft launched twice (Columbia 2). [1] [119] November 14 * Second Space Shuttle Mission - Columbia 2 - returns to Earth. [1] * Death of Robert Bradford, Northern Irish footballer and politician (born 1941). [119] November 16 * Luke and Laura marry on the U.S. TV soap opera General Hospital; it is the highestrated hour in daytime television history. [1] [119] * Death of William Holden, American actor (born 1918). [5] [119] * Enid Markey, actress (Aunt Violet-Bringing Up Buddy), dies at age 85. [1] November 17 * Bob Eberly, singer (Jimmy Dorsey Band), dies at age 65. [1] November 19 * President Ferdinand Marcos of the Philippines bans video games in the country, because of parent and teacher complaints regarding youth morality. [9]

739

November 20 * Anatoly Karpov, USSR, retains world chess championship. [1] November 21 * Harry Von Zell, TV announcer (Burns and Allen), dies at age 75. [1] * Olivia Newton-John's "Physical," single goes #1 and stays for 10 weeks. [1] November 22 * Death of Hans Adolf Krebs, German physician and biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1900). [37] [119] November 23 * US President Ronald Reagan signs the top secret National Security Decision Directive 17 (NSDD-17), giving the Central Intelligence Agency the authority to recruit and support Contra rebels in Nicaragua. [119] November 25 * A group of mercenaries led by Mike Hoare take over Mahe airport in the Seychelles in a coup attempt. Most of the mercenaries escape by a commandeered Air India passenger jet; six are later arrested. [119] * Jack Albertson, American actor (Chico and the Man), dies at age 74 (born 1907). [1] [119] November 27 * Death of Lotte Lenya (Karoline Blamauer) at age 83 in New York (born in Penzig, Austria); stage/film actress/dancer. [1] [37] November 29 * Natalie Wood, American actress, drowns off Santa Catalina, California, at age 43 (born 1938). [1] [119] November 30 * In Geneva, representatives from the United States and the Soviet Union begin to negotiate intermediate-range nuclear weapon reductions in Europe (the meetings end inconclusively on December 17). [119] * Robert H Harris. actor (Jake-The Goldbergs), dies at age 72. [1] December 1

740

* A Yugoslavian DC-9 crashes into a mountain while approaching Ajaccio Airport in Corsica, killing 178. [1] [119] December 2 * Hershy Kay, composer, dies at age 62. [1] * Moscone Convention Center, San Francisco opens at 11:30 AM. [1] * Nicolaas "Cola" Debrot, Governor of Dutch Antilles (1962-70), dies at age 79. [1] * Spanish government requests membership in NATO. [1] * Wallace K[irkman] Harrison, US architect (United Nations), dies at age 86. [1] December 3 * Death of Walter Knott, American farmer and theme park creator (born 1889). [119] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] December 4 * South Africa grants "homeland" Ciskei independence (not recognized outside South Africa). [1] [119] * Falcon Crest TV show premieres on CBS-TV. [1] * US President Ronald Reagan allows US Central Intelligence Agency to engage in domestic counter-intelligence (order number 12333). [1] December 5 * American general James Lee Dozier is kidnapped in Verona by Italian Red Brigades. [119] (December 17 [1]) * France performs nuclear test. [1] December 7 * Spain becomes a member of NATO. [1] December 8 * The No. 21 Mine explosion in Whitwell, Tennessee kills 13. [119] * Arthur Scargill became President-elect of the National Union of Mineworkers. [119] * France performs nuclear test. [1] * Walter "Shakey" Horton, harmonica stylist (Everybody's Fishin'), dies at age 64. [1] December 9

741

* Philadelphia, Pennsylvania police officer Daniel Faulkner is shot and killed during a routine traffic stop of a vehicle driven by William Cook, Mumia Abu-Jamal's younger brother. [119] * Tonny Til, rocker, dies at age 56. [1] December 10 * El Salvador army kills 900. [1] * John Kieran, TV host (Information Please), dies at age 89. [1] * Jules Feiffer's Grownups premieres in New York City, New York. [1] December 11 * In El Salvador, army units kill 900 civilians. [119] * Argentine President/General Roberto Viola flees. [1] * Spacelab I arrives at Kennedy Space Center. [1] * United Nations Security Council chooses Javier Perez de Cuellar of Peru as 5th Secretary-General. [1] December 12 * In Pakistan, a magnitude 4.6 earthquake occurs. [53] * Gambia and Senegal sign agreement to be known as Senegambia in February 1982. [1] December 13 * Wojciech Jaruzelski declares martial law in Poland, to prevent the dismantling of the communist system by Solidarity. [1] [119] * Cornelius Cardew, composer, dies at age 45. [1] * Pigmeat Markham, comedian (Here Comes da Judge-Laugh In), dies at age 75. [1] December 14 * Israel annexes Golan Heights (seized from Syria in war of 1967). [1] December 15 * Death of Catherine T. MacArthur, American philanthropist (born 1909). [119] * A car bomb destroys the Iraqi Embassy in Beirut, Lebanon, killing 61 people. Syrian intelligence is blamed. [119] * NASA launches Intelsat V. [1] December 16 * Dutch Van Agt's second government falls. [1]

742

December 18 * Mehmet Shehu, Prime Minister Albania (1954-81)/"US-Russian spy", commits suicide. [1] December 19 * In the Aegean Sea, a magnitude 7.6 earthquake occurs. [53] December 22 * Argentine General Leopoldo Galtieri sworn in as president. [1] * Belgium's 5th government of Martens forms. [1] December 23 * Death of Reginald Miles Ansett, Australian businessman and aviator (born 1909). [119] December 24 * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] December 27 * Death of Hoagy Carmichael, American jazz composer (born 1899). [119] * Hoagy Carmichael, US actor/songwriter (Stardust), dies at age 82. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] December 28 * The first American test-tube baby (Elizabeth Jordan Carr) is born, in Norfolk, Virginia. [1] [5] [119] * Death of Allan Dwan, Canadian-born film director (born 1885). [119] December 29 * Guido Provoost, Belgian historian, dies at age 41. [1] December 30 * Death of Alfie Anido, Filipino actor (born 1959). [119] December 31

743

* Coup d'état in Ghana removes President Hilla Limann's PNP government and replaces it with the PNDC led by Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings. [119] * CNN Headline News debuts. [1] * Frantisek Chaun, composer, dies at age 60. [1] * Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings stages coup in Ghana, suspends constitution. [1] * Netherlands unemployment stands at record 475,000. [1] Year * Global mean surface temperature at highest point since accurate measurements in 1880. [58]

744

1982 January 1 * Javier Pérez de Cuellar becomes Secretary-General of United Nations. [1] * Paul Belmondo, French sculptor (Bathing Woman, Orléans), dies at age 83. [1] * Pope John Paul II prays for an end to martial law in Poland. [1] * Victor Buono, actor (Mr Schubert-Man from Atlantis), dies at age 43. [1] * Vladimir K Zworykin, Russian/American engineer (cathode-ray tube), dies. [1] January 4 * San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge closed for third time by fierce storm. [1] January 5 * Arkansas judge rules against obligatory teaching of creation. [1] * Hans Conried, actor (Bullwinkle Show, Make Room for Daddy), dies at age 64. [1] * Harvey Lembeck, actor (Phil Silvers, Hathaways), dies at age 56. [1] January 6 * William Bonin is convicted of being the Freeway Killer. [116] January 7 * Fame TV show premieres on NBC TV. [1] January 8 * The US government and AT&T settle their antitrust suit, with AT&T splitting its 22 regional companies into individual entities. [14] [116] * The US Justice Department decides to drop its antitrust suit against IBM, which was launched 13 years ago. One of its aims had been to break IBM up into several companies. [1] [4] * Reta Shaw, actress (Ghost and Mrs Muir), dies of emphysema at age 69. [1] * Gregoire Aslan, character actor (Concrete Jungle), dies of a heart attack at age 73. [1] * Johnny Cash Parkway opens in Hendersonville, Tennessee. [1] January 9 * 5.9 earthquake in New England and Canada; first since 1855. [1] January 10 * Lazar Weiner, composer, dies at age 84. [1]

745

* Paul Lynde, American comedian/actor (Uncle Arthur - Bewitched, Bye Bye Birdie), dies at age 55 (born 1926). [1] [116] * The lowest ever United Kingdom temperature of -27.2 degrees C (-17 F) is recorded at Braemar, in Aberdeenshire, equaling the record set in the same place in 1895. [1] [116] January 11 * Atlanta, Georgia's temperature goes below zero degrees F. [1] * Honduras adopts constitution. [1] * (to January 17) A brutal cold snap sends temperatures to all-time record lows in dozens of cities throughout the Midwestern United States. [116] * Mark Thatcher, son of the British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, disappears in the Sahara during the Paris-Dakar rally. He is rescued January 14. [116] * In Luzon, Philippine Islands, a magnitude 7.4 earthquake occurs. [53] January 12 * In Honduras, a magnitude 6.2 earthquake occurs. [53] January 13 * Marcel Camus, French director (Orfeu Negro), dies at age 69. [1] * Shortly after takeoff, Air Florida Flight 90 crashes into Washington, D.C.'s 14th Street Bridge and falls into the Potomac River, killing 78. [1] [116] January 15 * Red Smith, sportscaster (Pulitzer, Fight Talk), dies at age 76. [1] January 17 * Cold Sunday sweeps over the northern United States. [116] January 18 * Burnet Corwin Tuthill, US composer (Laurentia), dies at age 93. [1] * Ramón (J) Sender (Garcés), Spanish writer, dies at age 79. [1] * Trent Lehman, actor (Butch-Nanny and the Professor), dies at age 20. [1] * In the Aegean Sea, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurs. Felt strongly throughout Greece, also felt in Bulgaria, southeastern Italy, southeastern Yugoslavia and western Turkey. [53] January 19 * Heater explodes at Star Elementary School-Oklahoma, kills six kids and teacher. [1] * Leopold Trepper, Polish/Israeli spy (WWII), dies at age 77. [1]

746

* Death of Elis Regina, Brazilian singer (born 1945). [116] January 20 * Piet Dankert elected chairman of European Parliament. [1] * Seven miners killed in an explosion in Craynor, Kentucky. [1] * Honduras constitution goes into effect. [1] January 22 * 75 percent of North America is covered by snow. [1] * Eduardo Frei Montalva, President of Chile (1964-70), dies at age 71. [1] January 23 * World Airways DC-10 skids at Boston Logan Airport killing two. [1] * Hope Hampton, actress (Star Dust, Lawful Larcency), dies at age 83. [1] * Urbe Blanca (cow) produces record 110 kg of milk, Cuba. [1] January 25 * Mihail A Suslov, Soviet party ideologist, dies at age 79 (born 1902). [1] [116] * 9th American Music Awards: Kenny Rogers win. [1] January 26 * Mauno Koivisto is elected President of Finland. [1] [116] * Unemployment in the United Kingdom increases by 129,918 to 3,070,621, a postwar record. [116] January 27 * Iris Korn, actress (Widder-Palmerstown USA), dies at age 60. [1] * Roberto S Cordova installed as President of Honduras. [1] * The Garret Fitzgerald government of the Republic of Ireland is defeated 82-81 on its budget; Fitzgerald announces his resignation. [116] * Joseph and the Amazing Dreamcoat opens at Royale theater in New York City, New York for 747 performances. [1] January 28 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * Wally Boag gives his last performance at the Golden Horseshoe Revue at Disneyland. He did the show almost continuously since its opening in 1955, putting him in the Guiness Book of Records for the most number of performances of a show. [6]

747

* In Padua, Italy, U.S. Brigadier General James L. Dozier is rescued by Italian antiterrorism forces after 42 days of captivity under the Red Brigades. [1] [116] January 30 * Lightning Hopkins, American musician, dies of cancer at age 69 (born 1912). [1] [116] * Riccardo Nielsen, composer, dies at age 73. [1] * Stanley Holloway, comedian (My Fair Lady, Our Man Higgins), dies at age 91. [1] * Félix L V L J Labisse, French painter (libidoscaphes), dies at age 76. [1] January 31 * Ten Arabian oryx (extinct except in zoos) released in Oman. [1] February 1 * Senegal and Gambia form loose confederation (Senegambia). [1] [116] February 2 * Government troops and Muslim-fundamentalists battle in Hamah, Syria. [1] [116] * Stringfellow Barr, US educationalist (100 Great Books), dies at age 85. [1] * Late Night with David Letterman TV show premieres on NBC. [1] February 3 * Greatest helicopter lift, 56,888 kg, Podmoscovnoe, USSR. [1] * John Sharples of England finishes disco dancing 371 hours. [1] * Syrian president Hafez al-Assad orders the army to purge the city of Harran of the Muslim Brotherhood. [116] * Columbia space shuttle moves to Vandenberg Air Force Base for mating for STS-3 mission. [1] February 4 * Indoor distance record for a paper airplane (47 metres) Tacoma, Washington. [1] * Sue Carol, actress (She's My Weakness), dies of a heart attack at age 73. [1] February 5 * American DEA announces seizure of 3,192 tons of marijuana, 495 people. [1] * Dolores Moran, actress (Yankee Doodle Dandy), dies at age 56. [1] * London-based Laker Airways collapses owing £270 million (US$351 million). [1] [116] * Neil Aggett, South African worker's union leader, commits suicide. [1]

748

* Suriname President Chin A Sen resigns and flees to Netherlands. [1] * Wies [Aloisius CA] Moens, Flemish writer/Nazi, dies at age 84. [1] * Death of Neil Aggett, South African labor leader (suicide). [116] February 6 * Ben Nicholson, English painter/sculptor (Circle), dies at age 87. [1] * "Centerfold" song by J Geils Band hits #1 on pop chart. [1] February 7 * Luis A Monge elected President of Costa Rica. [1] February 8 * John Hay Whitney, US newspaper magnate, dies at age 76. [1] February 9 * Japan Airlines Flight 350 crashes in Tokyo Bay due to thrust reversal on approach to Tokyo International Airport, killing 24 people among the 174 people on board. [116] February 10 * 28 skiers perform backflips while holding hands, Bromont, Québec. [1] February 11 * Eleanor Powell, American tap dancer/wife of Glenn Ford, dies of cancer at age 69 (born 1912). [1] [116] * Takashi Shimura, Japanese actor (Rashomon, 7 Samurais), dies at age 76 (born 1905). [1] [116] February 12 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * Victor Jory of Dawson City, Yukon Territory, Canada, actor (Adventures of Tom Sawyer, first Lady, Jigsaw), dies at age 79 (born 1902). [1] [116] * Cornelis Rijnsdorp, Dutch writer (Culprit), dies at age 87. [1] February 13 * Pink Floyd's "Dark Side of the Moon" album is on the charts for 402nd week. [1] * Zeng Jinlian, of Hunan, China, grew to 8 feet 1 inch (tallest woman), dies at age 17. [1]

749

February 14 * Night of 100 Stars takes place at New York's Radio City Music Hall. [1] * Henk Schaer [Hendricus J M Schaareman], Dutch actor, dies at age 79. [1] February 15 * Rolfe Sedan, actor (Mailman - George Burns Show), dies at age 86. [1] * The oil platform Ocean Ranger sinks during a storm off the coast of Newfoundland, killing all 84 rig workers aboard. [1] [116] February 16 * Agatha Barbara elected as first female President of Malta. [1] * Assembled STS-3 vehicle moves from Vandenberg Air Force Base to launch pad. [1] February 17 * Lee [Israel] Strasberg, father of method acting/actor (And Justice for All), dies of a heart attack at age 80. [1] * Theolonious S Monk, American jazz pianist/composer (Blue Monk), dies at age 64 (born 1917). [1] [116] * Death of Lee Strasberg, American actor (born 1901). [116] February 18 * Tina Carver, actress (Inside Detroit, Uranium Boom), dies at age 58. [1] * The Republic of Ireland general election gives a boost to Fianna Fáil. [116] * Edith Ngaio Marsh, New Zealand detective writer/producer, dies at age 82. [1] February 19 * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] * The DeLorean Car factory in Belfast is put into receivership. [116] * Hanneke Jelgersma (Jagersma?) installed as Netherlands' first Communist mayor. [1] February 21 * Ain't Misbehavin' closes at Longacre Theater in New York City after 1604 performances. [1] February 22 * Murray "the K" Kaufman, New York City disc jockey (The 5th Beatle), dies at age 60. [1]

750

February 24 * 24th Grammy Awards: "Betty Davis Eyes", Double Fantasy win. [1] * Virginia Bruce, actress (Born to Dance, Great Ziegfield), dies at age 71. [1] * In South Africa, 22 National Party Members of Parliament led by Andries Treurnicht vote for no confidence in P. W. Botha. [116] February 25 * The European Court of Human Rights rules that teachers who cane, belt or tawse children against the wishes of their parents are in breach of the Human Rights Convention. [116] * Final episode of The Lawrence Welk Show airs. [1] * Record speed for a snowmobile (239 kph). [1] February 26 * Gabor Szabo, Hungarian jazz pianist (Perfect Circle), dies at age 45. [1] February 27 * France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island. [1] * Malika A Sabirova, Russian dancer, dies at age 39. [1] * In Atlanta, Georgia, Wayne Williams is convicted of murdering two children, and given two consecutive life terms. [1] [116] February 28 * FALN (PR Nationalist Group) bombs Wall Street, New York. [1] * AT&T loses record US$7 billion for fiscal year ending on this day. [1] March 1 * Russian spacecraft Venera 14 lands on Venus, sends back data. [1] * Five die as ski lift malfunctions a Lúz-Ardiden in Pyrenees. [1] March 2 * Philip K[indred] Dick, American author (Hugo-1963, Dr Futurity), dies at age 53 (born 1928). [1] [116] * Terror group "The Illuminated Path" frees 260 prisoners in Peru. [1] March 3 * Georges Perec, French writer, dies at age 45. [1]

751

* US Senate begins debate on expulsion of Senator Harrison Williams (Democrat-New Jersey). [1] * Queen Elizabeth II opens the Barbican Centre in London, England. [116] March 4 * NASA launches Intelsat V. [1] March 5 * John Belushi, American actor/comedian (Saturday Night Live), dies of drug overdose at age 33 (born 1949). [1] [116] * Russian spacecraft Venera 14 lands on Venus, sends back data. [1] March 6 * Ayn Rand, Russian-born author-philosopher (The Fountainhead, Atlas Shrugged), dies in New York at age 77 (born 1905). [1] [116] * Jan Lemaire, Dutch actor/writer (Beautiful Juultje), dies at age 97. [1] * Susan Birmingham makes loudest recorded human shout (120 dB). [1] March 7 * Charles Borromeo Mills, composer, dies at age 68. [1] March 9 * Alan Badel, actor (Shogun), dies of a heart attack at age 58. [1] * Rex Marshall, TV announcer (Circuit Rider, Herman Hickman Show), dies. [1] * Richard A Butler, English minister of Finance, dies at age 79. [1] * Charles Haughey becomes Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland. [116] March 10 * Sygyzy: all nine planets align on the same side of the Sun. [1] [116] * The United States places an embargo on Libyan oil imports, alleging Libyan support of terrorist groups. [1] [116] March 11 * Edmund Cooper, British sci-fi writer (Tomorrow Came), dies at age 55. [1] * Failed military coup under Rambocus/Hawker in Suriname. [1] * Harrison Williams (Senator-Democrat-New Jersey) resigns rather than face expulsion. [1] March 12

752

* Palestinian Liberation Organization chief Yasser Arafat appears on TV show Nightline. [1] * Elisabeth Zernike, Dutch writer (Course of Events), dies at age 90. [1] March 13 * Albert Weisser, composer, dies at age 64. [1] * Wilfred Hawker, Suriname Sergeant-Major, executed. [1] March 14 * Kirill Vladimirovich Molchanov, composer, dies at age 59. [1] March 15 * Nicaragua suspends their citizens' rights for 30 days. [1] * Actress Theresa Saldana stabbed repeatedly by obsessed fan. [1] March 16 * In Newport, Rhode Island, Claus von Bülow is found guilty of the attempted murder of his wife. [116] March 17 * Four Dutch TV crew members shot dead in El Salvador: Hans ter Laag (sound technician), Jan Kuiper (news editor (IKON)), Joop Willemsen (cameraman), Koos Koster (newscaster (IKON)). [1] March 18 * Georg G Lampe, Dutch painter/director (Free Academy), dies at age 60. [1] * Mary Whitehouse's private prosecution of The Romans in Britain collapses. [116] * An Argentinean scrap metal dealer raises the Argentinean flag in South Georgia. [116] March 19 * Argentines land on South Georgia Island, precipitating war. [116] * Alan Badel, actor, dies of a heart attack at age 58. [1] * National Guard jet tanker crashes killing 27. [1] * Randy Rhoads, American heavy metal guitarist (Ozzy Osbourne), dies in plane crash at age 25 (born 1956). [1] [116] March 20

753

* France performs nuclear test. [1] * Hendrik L van Beek, Dutch Vice-Admiral, dies at age 52. [1] * Joan Jett and Blackhearts' "I Love Rock 'n' Roll" goes #1 for 7 weeks. [1] * Reverend A Treurnicht forms Conservative Party of South Africa. [1] March 21 * Harry H Corbett, British actor (Steptoe and Son, Jabberwocky), dies at age 57. [1] * Movie Annie premieres in theaters. [1] * In Hokkaido, Japan region, a magnitude 6.7 earthquake occurs. [53] March 22 * Iran offensive against Iraq. [1] * Third Space Shuttle Mission-Columbia 3 launched. [1] March 23 * Mario Praz, Italian author (Casa della vita), dies at age 85. [1] * Guatemala military coup under General Rios Montt, President Romeo Lucas flees. [1] March 24 * US submarine Jacksonville collides with a Turkish freighter near Virginia. [1] * Ace Goodman, comedian (Easy Aces), dies at age 83 in Kansas City, Missouri. [1] March 25 * Roy Jenkins wins the Glasgow Hillhead by-election for the Social Democratic Party. [116] March 26 * TV soap opera Capitol premieres. [1] * A ground breaking ceremony for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial is held in Washington, DC. [1] [116] * Agathe "Henriëtte" de Beaufort, writer (Dolly of Arnhem), dies at age 91. [1] March 27 * Joris Noë, Flemish literary, dies at age 68. [1] * Best Little Whorehouse... closes at 46th Steet theater in New York City after 1577 performances. [1]

754

March 28 * 12th Easter Seal Telethon raises US$19,500,000. [1] * José Napoleón Duartes' christian-democrats win elections in El Salvador. [1] * Near the coast of Peru, a magnitude 6.1 earthquake occurs. Three people killed and extensive damage at Lunahuana. [53] * Death of William Giauque, Canadian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1895). [116] March 29 * Second Golden Raspberry Awards: Mommie Dearest wins. [1] * Carl Orff, German composer (Mouth, Antigonae), dies at age 86 in Munich, Germany. [1] [37] * Rudy Bond, character actor (Streetcar Named Desire), dies of a heart attack at age 68. [1] * Walter Hallstein, West German politician (CDU, H-doctrine), dies at age 80. [1] * Royal Assent in London to the Canada Act 1982 sets the stage for the repatriation of the Canadian Constitution (see April 17 below). [116] * The 54th Academy Awards, hosted by Johnny Carson, are held at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles, California with Chariots of Fire winning Best Picture. Henry Fonda wins Best Actor; Katharine Hepburn wins Best Actress. [1] [116] March 30 * Third space shuttle mission - Columbia 3 lands at White Sands New Mexico. [1] March 31 * Fritz Eberhard, West German lawyer/resistor, dies at age 85. [1] * Rock group Doobie Brothers split up. [1] * Death of Dave Clement, Queens Park Rangers footballer - suicide. [116] * Arkas tanker at Montz, Louisiana, spills 1.47 million gallons of oil. [1] April 1 * US formally transfers Canal Zone to Panamá. [1] * Anguilla (dependent territory of United Kingdom) adopts constitution. [1] April 2 * Several thousand Argentine troops seize the disputed Falkland (Malvinas) Islands. (The British Navy re-captures the islands in an eleven-day battle. 255 British and 655 Argentines die.) [1] [46.162] [116] [162.83] April 3

755

* United Nations Security Council demands Argentina's withdrawal from Falkland Islands. [1] * Warren Oates, actor (East of Eden, Stoney Burke), dies at age 53. [1] * Herman W Filarski, Dutch bridge journalist, dies at age 69. [1] April 4 * The British Falkland Islands government surrenders, placing the islands in Argentinean control. [116] * Tsvetan Tsvetanov, composer, dies at age 50. [1] April 5 * Abe Fortas, US Supreme court justice, dies at age 71 (born 1910). [1] [116] * Lord Carrington, British foreign secretary, resigns due to Falkland Islands war. [1] * The British Royal Navy task force sails to recapture the Falkland Islands. [116] April 6 * Space shuttle Columbia returns to Kennedy Space Center from White Sands. [1] * A blizzard unprecedented in size for April dumps 1-2 feet of snow on the northeastern U.S., closing schools and businesses, snarling traffic, and canceling several major league baseball games. [56] [116] April 7 * Brenda Benet, actress (Track of Thunder), commits suicide by gun at age 36. [1] * Iran minister of Foreign affairs Ghotbzadeh arrested. [1] April 9 * Robert H G Havemann, German chemist/dissident, dies. [1] * Wilfrid Pelletier, symphony conductor (Voice of Firestone), dies at age 85. [1] April 12 * Three CBS-TV employees shot to death in New York City parking lot. [1] * A 200-mile 'total exclusion zone' around the Falklands proclaimed by the United Kingdom comes into effect. [116] April 13 * In South Africa, a magnitude 5.0 earthquake occurs. [53] April 15

756

* Apollo Computer announces DN400, DN420, and landscape display. [1] * Arthur Lowe, British actor (Captain Mainwaring in Dad's army), dies at age 66 (born 1915). [1] [116] * Louis M de Guiringaud, French foreign minister (1976-78), commits suicide at age 70. [1] * Five Muslim extremist murderers of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat are executed. [1] April 17 * By Proclamation of the Queen of Canada on Parliament Hill, Canada patriates its constitution, granting full political independence from the United Kingdom; included is the country's first entrenched bill of rights. [1] [116] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] April 18 * Zimbabwe capital Salisbury renamed Harare. [1] April 19 * USSR Salyut 7 space station put into orbit. [1] April 20 * Archibald MacLeish, American lawyer/writer (Conquistador), dies at age 89. [1] * Mimi Boesnach, actress (Wedding of Kloris and Roses), dies at age 82. [1] * Timex Computer announces the Timex/Sinclair 1000, the first personal computer to retail for under $100. The unit is an improved Sinclair ZX81 with 2 kB RAM. [4] April 21 * Joe Sawyer, actor (Biff O'Hara - Adventures of Rin Tin Tin), dies at age 80. [1] * Dutch Queen Beatrice addresses US Congress. [1] April 22 * Launch of STS-3-Lousma and Fullerton. [1] * Melville Bell Grosvenor, president of National Geographic Society, dies at age 80. [1] April 23 * Dennis Wardlow, Mayor of Key West, Florida, declares the independent Conch Republic for a day. [116]

757

April 24 * 150 Khomeini followers assault student dormitory in West Germany. [1] * The German singer Nicole wins the Eurovision Song Contest 1982 for Germany, with the song "Ein Bisschen Frieden". [116] April 25 * Don Wilson, TV announcer (Jack Benny Show), dies at age 81. [1] * Great Britain performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * John Cody, US cardinal/archbishop of Chicago (1965-82), dies at age 74. [1] * Paul de Vree, Flemish writer/essayist (Round Table), dies. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] * William R Burnett, American writer (Asphalt Jungle), dies at age 82. [1] * Israel completes its withdrawal from the Sinai peninsula per the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty. [1] [116] April 26 * Argentina surrenders to Britain on South Georgia near Falkland Island. [1] * CBS radio begins youth-oriented broadcast Radio Radio. [1] * Celia Johnson, British actress (Jean Brodie), dies of stroke at age 73. [1] April 27 * Trial of John W Hinckley Jr, attempted assassin of US President Ronald Reagan, begins. [1] * Tom Tully, actor (Line-up, Shane), dies at age 85. [1] April 28 * Bert van Dongen [Abraham J Cohen], Dutch singer/actor, dies at age 66. [1] April 29 * 17th Academy of Country Music Awards: Alabama, Barbara Mandrell win. [1] April 30 * Albert Bird, lecture artist, dies. [1] * Alvaro Magana chosen to succeed Jose N Duarte as President of El Salvador. [1] * Herman Tholen, Dutch cabaret performer (Juveniles), dies. [1] * Iranian offensive in Khusistan. [1] * Taisen Deshimaru, founder of several Zen centers in France, dies at age 67. [1]

758

May 1 * Death of William Primrose, Scottish violist (born 1903). [116] * Gene Sheldon, actor (Bernardo - Zorro), dies at age 72. [1] * A Royal Air Force Avro Vulcan bomber takes off from Ascension Island and bombs Stanley Airport, Falkland Islands. [116] * A crowd of over 100,000 attends the first day of the 1982 World's Fair in Knoxville, Tennessee. The fair is kicked off with an address by President Ronald Reagan. Over 11 million people attend the fair during its six month run. [1] [116] May 2 * Falklands War: Argentine cruiser General Belgrano sunk by British submarine Conqueror, killing more than 350 men. [1] [116] * Death of Helmut Dantine, American actor/director/producer, in Beverly Hills, Los Angeles, California, of a massive coronary at age 64 (born 1917). [1] * Hugh Marlowe, actor (Ellery Queen, Jim Matthews - Another World), dies at age 71. [1] * The Weather Channel (United States) airs on cable television for the first time. [116] May 3 * Hugh Beaumont, actor (Ward - Leave it to Beaver), dies at age 73. [1] * New York Times reports that military will get 25 percent of NASA's budget. [1] * US President Ronald Reagan begins five-minute weekly radio broadcasts. [1] * ABC's All Talk network begins on radio (two west coast stations). [1] May 4 * Falklands War: British torpedo boat HMS Sheffield is hit by an Exocet missile, and burns out of control; 20 sailors are killed. The ship sinks on May 10. [1] [116] May 5 * A Unabomber bomb explodes in the computer science department at Vanderbilt University; secretary Janet Smith is injured. [116] May 7 * IBM releases PC-DOS version 1.1. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] May 9 * Ab [Albert] Visser, poet/writer (Kaïn sloeg Abel), dies. [1]

759

May 10 * Death of Peter Weiss, German dramatist and novelist, at age 65 in Stockholm, Sweden (born in Berlin in 1916). [1] [37] [116] * Jean C M Picart le Doux, French designer, dies. [1] May 11 * Piet van Egmond, organist/conductor, dies at age 70. [1] * Leigh Snowden, actress (Hot Rod Rumble), dies of cancer at age 51. [1] May 12 * Humphrey Searle, writer (20th Century counterpoint), dies at age 66. [1] * Pulitzer prize awarded to John Updike (Rabbit is Rich). [1] * Spanish priest Juan María Fernández y Krohn tries to stab Pope John Paul II with a bayonet during the latter's pilgrimage to the Fatima, Portugal shrine. [1] [116] * Braniff International Airways is declared bankrupt and ceases all flights. [116] (May 13 [1]) May 13 * Irmgard Keun, West German writer (Blühende Neurosen), dies at age 72. [1] * Kara Abulfazogli Karayev, composer, dies at age 64. [1] * Renzo Rossellini, Italian composer, dies at age 74. [1] * Soyuz T-5 is launched; Berezovoi and Lebedev begin 211 days in space. [1] * Terri Lea Utley, age 20, from Arkansas, crowned 31st Miss USA. [1] May 14 * Baron Mariel-Henri Jaspar, Belgian minister/ambassador, dies. [1] * Guinea adopts constitution. [1] * Hugh Beaumont, American actor (Ward - Leave it to Beaver), dies at age 73 (born 1909). [1] [116] May 15 * Death of Gordon Smiley, American race car driver (racing accident) (born 1946). [116] May 16 * Space shuttle Columbia moves to Vandenberg Air Force Base for mating in preparation for STS-4. [1] * Salvador Jorge Blanco wins presidential election in Dominican Republic. [1]

760

May 18 * Unification Church founder Reverend Sun Myung Moon convicted of tax evasion. [1] May 19 * Sophia Loren jailed in Naples, Italy for tax evasion. [1] May 21 * Royal Marines and paratroopers from the British Task Force land at San Carlos Bay on the Falkland Islands and raise the Union Flag. [1] [116] May 22 * Falklands War: HMS Ardent is sunk by Argentine aircraft, killing 22 sailors. [116] May 23 * Pope John Paul II declares "Peerke" Donders divine. [1] * Falklands War - HMS Antelope of the Royal Navy explodes, two killed. [116] * BBC warns Britain will bomb Argentina. [1] May 24 * Iranian troops retake Khorramshahr. [116] * KGB head Yuri Andropov is appointed to the Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. [116] May 25 * Iranian troops reconquer Khorramshar. [1] * Larry J Blake, character actor (Earth versus the Flying Saucers), dies at age 68. [1] * STS-4 vehicle moves to launch pad. [1] * Falklands War: the merchant navy ship Atlantic Conveyor is sunk by an Argentine Exocet missile, killing 12 and depriving British forces of the helicopters intended to be used in the later stages of the conflict. [116] May 26 * Kielder Water, an artificial lake in Northumberland, is opened. [116] May 27 * Jo Lagrillière [Joke], Flemish cartoon character, dies at age 47. [1]

761

* Tottenham Hotspur win the FA Cup beating QPR 1-0 in a replay. [116] May 28 * Pope John Paul II is first pope to visit Great Britain since 1531. [1] * British troops reach Darwin, Falkland Islands. [116] * Death of Lt Col 'H'. Jones, VC, British soldier (Falklands War) (born 1940). [116] May 29 * US Pentagon plans first strategy to fight a nuclear war. [1] * Romy Schneider, American actress (Cardinal), dies of cardiac arrest at age 43 (born 1938). [1] [116] * Falklands War: In the Battle of Goose Green, British paratroopers defeat a larger force of Argentine troops in the first land battle of the war. [116] May 30 * Cal Ripken starts the first game of what will eventually become his record-breaking consecutive games played streak of 2,632. [116] * Spain becomes the 16th member of NATO and the first nation to enter the alliance since West Germany's admission in 1955. [1] [116] June 2 * Death of Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry, President of Pakistan (born 1904). [116] June 5 * The first Rubik's Cube World Championships is held in Budapest, Hungary. [116] June 6 * 30,000 Israeli troops invade Lebanon to drive out Palestinian Liberation Organization. [1] [116] * The United Nations Security Council votes to demand that Israel withdraw its troops from Lebanon. [116] * Death of Kenneth Rexroth, American poet (born 1905). [116] June 7 * US President Ronald Reagan meets Pope John Paul II and Queen Elizabeth II. [1] * Near the coast of Guerrero, Mexico, a magnitude 7.2 earthquakes occurs, followed in four hours by another 7.0 earthquake. Felt strongly throughout southern Mexico. [53] June 8

762

* VASP Flight 168, a Boeing 727 passenger jet, crashes into forest Fortaleza, killing 137. [116] * President Ronald Reagan becomes the first American chief executive to address a joint session of the British Parliament. [1] [116] * Falklands War: British landing ship logistic RFA Sir Galahad is destroyed, killing 48. [116] * Death of Satchel Paige, baseball player (born 1906). [116] June 9 * Israel wipes out Syrian SAM missiles in Bekaa Valley. [1] * Hank Ladd, TV host (Arrow Show, Waiting for the Break), dies at age 74. [1] June 10 * Israeli troops reach outskirts of Beirut, Lebanon. [1] * Rainer Werner Fassbinder, film-maker, dies of drug overdose in Munich, Germany, at age 36. [1] [37] June 11 * Movie ET The Extra-Terrestrial is released (highest grossing film). [1] * Israel and Syria stop fighting in Lebanon. [1] June 12 * Death of Karl von Frisch in Munich, Germany; won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1973 for his work on the communication among bees. [37] [116] * A rally against nuclear weapons draws 750,000 to New York City's Central Park. Jackson Browne, James Taylor, Bruce Springsteen, and Linda Ronstadt attend. [1] [116] * Death of Sgt Ian McKay, VC, British Soldier (Falklands War) (born 1953). [116] June 13 * Death of Riccardo Paletti, Italian Formula 1 driver (born 1958). [116] * King Khalid of Saudi Arabia dies at age 69. [1] * Fahd becomes king of Saudi Arabia on death of King Khalid. [1] [116] * In Alberta, Canada 15 members of the Black Leopards Karate Club demolish a house with bare hands and feet with the owner's consent. [116] June 14 * Marjorie Bennett, actress (Blossom - Dobie Gillis), dies at age 87 of cancer. [1] * Death of Arthur Coles, Australian businessman and philanthropist (born 1892). [116]

763

* Argentina surrenders to Britain on Falkland Islands, ends 74-day conflict. [1] [116] [162.83] June 15 * In Sichuan Province, China, a magnitude 5.6 earthquake occurs. Ten people killed, 5 injured and damage in the Garze area. [53] * Neil Fitzgerald, Irish actor, dies at age 90, in Princeton, New Jersey. [1] * Riots in Argentina after Falklands/Malvinas defeat. [1] June * In Canada, the Interprovincial Lottery Corporation introduces the Lotto 6/49 lottery. [40.20] June 16 * John Honeyman-Scott, guitarist of the Pretenders, dies of overdose on drugs. [1] * Britain requests Argentina arrange for return of prisoners. [1] June 17 * US President Ronald Reagan makes first United Nations General Assembly address ("evil empire" speech). [1] * Argentine president Leopoldi Galtieri is told he is no longer president. [162.83] June 18 * Curt Jurgens, German actor, dies of an acute heart attack at age 66 (born 1915). [1] [116] * Argentine military dictator Leopoldo Galtieri resigns, in the wake of his country's defeat in the Falklands War. [116] (June 17 [1]) June 19 * Offshore El Salvador, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurs. At least 40 people killed, many injured and thousands of people left homeless in El Salvador. Felt in Costa Rica, Honduras and Nicaragua. [53] * The body of "God's Banker", Roberto Calvi, chairman of Banco Ambrosiano, is found hanging beneath Blackfriars Bridge in London. [116] June 21 * Washington DC jury finds John Hinckley Jr innocent by insanity of attempted assassination of President Ronald Reagan. [1]

764

June 22 * Alan Webb, actor, dies at age 75. [1] June 23 * -117 degrees F, all time low at the South Pole. [1] * Himmy, of Australia, weighs in at domestic cat record 20.7 kg (45 pounds). [1] June 24 * Jean-Loup Chretien, first spacionaut, two others, lift off (Soyuz T-16). [1] * British Airways Flight 9 suffers a temporary four-engine flameout and damage to the exterior of the plane, after flying through the otherwise undetected ash plume from Indonesia's Galunggung. [116] June 25 * US Secretary of State Alexander Haig Jr resigns, replaced by George Schultz. [1] * The Institute for Puerto Rican Policy is founded in New York City to research and advocate for Puerto Rican and Latino community issues. [116] June 26 * US vetos United Nations Security Council resolution for a limited withdrawal from Lebanon. [1] * A Gilmore and P Kilmartin discover asteroid #3521. [1] June 27 * 4th Space Shuttle Mission-Columbia 4 launched. [1] * Jack Mullaney, actor (My Living Doll, It's About Time), dies at age 49. [1] June 28 * Prince Charles and Lady Diana name their baby "William". [1] June 29 * Henry King, director, dies at age 86. [1] * US Voting Rights Act of 1965 is extended. [1] June 30 * US Federal Equal Rights Amendment fails three states short of ratification. [1] * Orbiter Challenger (OV-099) rolled out at Palmdale. [1]

765

July 1 * Space shuttle Challenger moves overland to Dryden. [1] * Kosmos 1383, first search and rescue satellite, launched. [1] * 2100 Unification Church couples marry in New York City. [1] July 2 * Larry Walters, a.k.a. Lawn Chair Larry, flies 16,000 feet above Long Beach, California in lawn chair with weather balloons attached. [1] [116] * Roy Jenkins is elected Leader of the Social Democratic Party. [116] * Soyuz T-6 returns to Earth. [1] July 4 * Death of Terry Higgins, early British casualty of AIDS (born 1945). [116] * Four Iranian diplomats are kidnapped upon Israel's invasion of Lebanon. [116] * 4th Space Shuttle Mission-Columbia 4 lands at Edwards Air Force Base. [1] July 5 * Space shuttle Challenger flies to Kennedy Space Center via Ellington Air Force Base, Texas. [1] July 6 * Lunar Eclipse - Umbral duration 236 minutes and total duration 106 minutes, the longest of the 20th century. [116] * Russell Thorson, actor (One Man's Family), dies at age 72. [1] July 7 * Fred Stuthman, actor (Henry Adler - Hello Larry), dies at age 63. [1] July 8 * Isa Miranda, actress, dies at age 77 of infected bone fracture. [1] July 9 * Pan Am Flight 759 (Boeing 727) crashes in Kenner, Louisiana, killing all 146 on board and 8 on the ground. [116] * Intruder Michael Fagan visits Queen Elizabeth II in her bedroom for a chat. [116] * Margaret Thatcher begins her second term as British prime minster. [1]

766

July 12 * Checker Motors Corporation ceases production of automobiles. [116] * Kenneth More, actor, dies of Parkinson's disease at age 67. [1] July 13 * John Alexander, actor, dies at age 85. [1] * In Canada, the Interprovincial Lottery Corporation launches the Super Loto lottery game, with top prize CDN$1 million. [40.42] July 15 * Body of Wendy Caulfield, first Green River victim, found near Seattle, Washington. [1] * Space Shuttle Columbia flies to Kennedy Space Center via Dyess Air Force Base, Texas. [1] * US Senate confirms George Shultz as 60th secretary of state by vote of 97-0. [1] July 16 * In New York City, the Reverend Sun Myung Moon is sentenced to 18 months in prison and fined $25,000 for tax fraud and conspiracy to obstruct justice. [116] * NASA launches Landsat 4 to thematic map the Earth. [1] * Patrick Dewaere, actor, dies at age 35 of self-inflicted gunshot wound. [1] July 19 * Death of John Harvey, stage and film actor (born 1911). [116] * David S Dodge becomes the first American hostage in Lebanon. [1] July 20 * The Provisional IRA detonates two bombs in central London, killing 8 soldiers, wounding 47. [1] [116] July 21 * HMS Hermes, the Royal Navy flagship during the Falklands War, returns home to Portsmouth to a hero's welcome. [116] * Dave Garroway, TV host (Today Show), dies at age 69. [1] July 22 * Academic Text Processing Service established in Seattle, Washington. [1]

767

July 23 * The International Whaling Commission decides to end commercial whaling by 19851986. [116] * A coroner's jury returns a verdict of suicide on Roberto Calvi, who had been found hanging under Blackfriars Bridge. [116] * Vic Morrow killed during filming of The Twilight Zone movie at age 53 (born 1929). [1] [116] July 24 * Torrential rain and mudslides in Nagasaki, Japan destroy bridges and kill 299. [116] * E Bowell discovers asteroid #2763 Jeans. [1] July 26 * Betty Walker, actress (Steve Lawrence Show), dies at age 54. [1] * Canada's Anik D1 Comsat launched by US Delta rocket. [1] July 27 * Dan Seymour, actor (We the People, Sing it Again), dies at age 67. [1] * Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's first visit to US in almost 11 years. [1] July 28 * Death of Keith Green, American gospel singer, songwriter, and pianist (born 1953). [116] July 29 * Death of Vladimir Zworykin, Russian-born inventor (born 1889). [116] * Harold Sakata, actor (Kenji - Sarge), dies at age 62. [1] July 31 * 53 persons, 46 of them children, die in a highway accident in Beaune in France's worst road accident. [1] [116] August 2 * Cathleen Nesbitt, English actress (Seperate Tables), dies at age 93. [1] August 4

768

* The United Nations Security Council votes to censure Israel because its troops are still in Lebanon. [116] August 7 * Italian Prime Minister Giovanni Spadolini resigns. [116] August 11 * Tom Drake, actor, dies of lung cancer at age 63. [1] August 12 * Mexico announces it is unable to pay its large foreign debt, triggering a debt crisis that quickly spreads throughout Latin America. [116] * Henry Fonda, American actor (On Golden Pond), dies at age 77 from heart disease (born 1905). [1] [5] [116] August 13 * In Hong Kong, health warnings on cigarette packets are made statutory. [116] * Charles Walters, director, dies at age 68. [1] * Joe E Ross, comedian (Toody - Car 54, Phil Silvers Show), dies at age 77. [1] August 14 * Patrick Magee, Irish actor, dies at age 58. [1] August 15 * Death of Hugo Theorell, Swedish scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1903). [116] August 17 * The first compact discs (CDs) are released to the public in Germany. [116] * Barney Phillips, actor (Dragnet, Felony Squad), dies at age 68. [1] * South Bend, Indiana jury acquits self-avowed racist Joseph Paul Franklin. [1] August 18 * Death of Vladek Spiegelman, father of cartoonist Art Spiegelman and main character/narrator of Maus (a graphic novel of his life during the Holocaust) (born 1906). [116] * First time NYSE tops 100 million figure, 132.69 million shares traded. [1] * Beverly Bayne, actress, dies at age 87. [1]

769

August 19 * Soyuz T-7 launched, Svetlana Savtiskaya second woman in space. [1] August 20 * Lebanese Civil War: A multinational force lands in Beirut to oversee the PLO withdrawal from Lebanon. [116] * Ulla Jacobsson, Swedish actress, dies in Vienna at age 53 of bone cancer. [1] August 21 * Death of King Sobhuza II of Swaziland, at the time the longest reigning living monarch (born 1899). [116] * Benigno S Aquino Jr, Philippines opposition leader, killed in Manila. [1] * Palestinian terrorists are dispersed from Beirut, Lebanon. [1] August 22 * General Ariel Sharon urges Palestinians to discuss peaceful coexistence. [1] August 23 * Death of Stanford Moore, American biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1913). [116] August 26 * NASA launches Telesat-F. [1] August 27 * Soyuz T-7 returns to Earth. [1] August 29 * Ingrid Bergman, Academy Award winning actress, dies on 67th birthday (born 1915). [1] [116] September 1 * In the USA, the maximum speedometer reading on a car is mandated at 85 MPH. [1] * Palestinian Liberation Organization leaves Lebanon. [1] September 2

770

* Jay Novello, actor, dies of cancer at age 78. [1] * Tom Baker, American actor, dies of a drug overdose at age 42 (born 1940). [1] [116] September 3 * Italian general Carlo Alberto Dalla Chiesa is killed in a mafia ambush. [116] * Michael Thoma, actor (Eight is Enough, Fame), dies at age 55. [1] September 5 * Death of Douglas Bader, Inspirational leader of the Battle of Britain (born 1910). [116] * Eddie Hill sets propeller-driven boat water speed record of 229 mph. [1] September 6 * Polish dissidents seize the Polish Embassy in Bern, Switzerland. [1] [37] September 9 * Space shuttle Columbia mated with solid rocket boosters and external tank in preparation for STS-5. [1] * Conestoga 1, first private commercial rocket, makes suborbital flight. [1] September 10 * Decca releases Beatle audition "The Complete Silver Beatles" album. [1] September 11 * Death of Wilfredo Lam, Cuban artist (born 1902). [116] September 13 * Fifty die in Spantax Airlines DC-10 on takeoff from Malaga, Spain. [1] * Philip Ober, actor (General Stone - I Dream of Jeannie), dies at age 80. [1] September 14 * Lebanese President-elect Bachir Gemayel is assassinated in Beirut. [1] [116] * 36 inches of snow in Red Lodge, Montana. [1] * Cindy Nicholas of Canada makes her 19th swim of the English Channel. [1] * Grace Patricia Kelly, American actress and Princess of Monaco, dies at age 52 in a car crash (born 1929). [1] [5] [116]

771

September 15 * Israeli forces began pouring into west Beirut, Lebanon. [1] * Sadegh Ghotbzadeh, Iran's former foreign minister, executed by Iran. [1] * First issue of USA Today published by Gannett Company Inc. [1] September 16 * Massacre of 1000+ Palestinian refugees at Chatila and Sabra begins. [1] [116] * Rolfe Sedan, actor, dies at age 86. [1] September 21 * San Francisco cable cars cease operations for two years of repairs. [1] * STS-5 vehicle moves to launch pad. [1] September 23 * Death of Jimmy Wakely, American Country-Western singer and actor (born 1914). [116] * Amin Gemayel, brother of Bachir, is elected president of Lebanon. [116] * Jimmy Wakely, country western singer, dies of heart failure at age 68. [1] September 24 * Sarah Churchill, actress, dies at age 67. [1] * US, Italian, and French peacekeeping troops begin arriving in Lebanon. [1] September 25 * In Israel, 400,000 marchers demand the resignation of Prime Minister Menachem Begin. [116] * Pennsylvania prison guard George Banks kills 13 (5 were his own children). [1] September 28 * Larry Breeding (Who's Watching the Kids?), dies on 36th birthday. [1] * Mabel Albertson, American actress, dies of Alzheimer's disease at age 81 (born 1901). [1] [116] * NASA launches Intelsat V. [1] September 29 * In Guatemala, a magnitude 5.5 earthquake occurs. [53] * (to October 1) The Tylenol scare is sparked when 7 people in the Chicago area die after ingesting capsules laced with potassium cyanide. [1] [116]

772

October 1 * Sony launches the first consumer compact disc player (model CDP-101). [116] * EPCOT Center opens, at Walt Disney World in Florida. It has two main sections, Future World, and World Showcase. It cost more than US$1.2 billion to build. [6] [116] * Helmut Kohl becomes the German Bundeskanzler. His political party is the CDU. [1] [37] [116] October 4 * Death of Glenn Gould, Canadian pianist (born 1932). [116] October 5 * Unmanned rocket sled reaches 9,851 kph at White Sands, New Mexico. [1] October 7 * Cats musical opens a nearly 18-year run on Broadway. [5] October 8 * Death of Philip Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker, Canadian-born peace activist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (born 1889). [116] * Poland bans Solidarity after having suspended it on 13 December 1981. [1] [116] * Fernando Lamas, actor/director, dies at age 67 of cancer. [1] October 9 * Death of Anna Freud in London, England (born in Vienna, Austria), youngest daughter of Sigmund Freud, elementary school teacher, founder of child psychoanalysis. [37] October 10 * Death of Jean Effel, French painter and journalist (born 1908). [116] * Pope John Paul II canonizes Rev M Kolbe, who volunteered to die in place of another inmate at Auschwitz concentration camp, a saint. [1] October 11 * English ship Mary Rose, which sank during an engagement with France in 1545, raised at Portsmouth, England. [1] [116] October 12

773

* 38.6 cm (15.2 inches) of rainfall, Angoon, Alaska (state record). [1] October 13 * The Ford Sierra automobile is launched in Europe. It replaces the Ford Cortina. [116] October 14 * 6,000 Unification church couples wed in Korea. [1] October 15 * The Garn - St Germain Depository Institutions Act deregulates the U.S. savings and loan industry. [116] October 16 * Mount Palomar Observatory first to detect Halley's comet on 13th return. [1] * George Shultz warns US will withdraw from United Nations if they vote to exclude Israel. [1] October 18 * Death of Dwain Esper, director (born 1892). [116] * Bess Truman, former first lady, dies in Independence, Missouri at age 97 (born 1885). [1] [116] October 19 * John De Lorean is arrested for selling cocaine to undercover FBI agents (he is later found not guilty due to entrapment). [1] [116] October 20 * The Saint Louis Cardinals beat the Milwaukee Brewers 6-3 in Game 7, winning the World Series. [1] [56] [116] * During the UEFA Cup match between FC Spartak Moscow and HFC Haarlem at least 63 people are crushed to death. [116] * Billy Martin fired as manager of the Oakland Athletics. [1] October 22 * Death of Savitri Devi, French-born writer and philosopher (born 1905). [116] October 24

774

* James Philbrook, actor (Islanders, Investigators), dies at age 58. [1] October 27 * In Canada, Dominion Day is officially renamed to Canada Day. [116] * China announces its population at over one billion people. [1] October 28 * The Socialist Party wins the election in Spain; Felipe González is elected Prime Minister. [116] * NASA launches RCA-E. [1] October 31 * Pope John Paul II becomes first pontiff to visit Spain. [1] November 1 * James Broderick, actor (Doug - Family), dies of cancer at age 55. [1] * King Vidor, director, dies at age 88 of a heart ailment. [1] November 2 * Channel 4, the fourth terrestrial television channel, is launched in England, Scotland and Northern Ireland with the first program broadcast being the game show Countdown, which is still in production. [5] [116] November 3 * The Dow Jones Industrial Average surges 43.41 points, or 4.25%, to close at 1,065.49, its first all-time high in more than nine years. [116] * A gasoline tanker explodes in the Salang Tunnel in Afghanistan, killing at least 2,000 people. [116] November 4 * Compaq Computer introduces the Compaq Portable PC, compatible with the IBM PC, though not violating the IBM BIOS copyright. (Compaq sells about 50,000 in the first year, worth $111 million a U.S. business record.) [4] November 5 * Jacques Tati, actor/director, dies of pulmonary embolism. [1]

775

November 6 * Cameroon president Ahmadou Ahidjo resigns, replaced by Paul Biya. [116] November 7 * The Thames Barrier is first publicly demonstrated. [116] November 10 * Leonid I Brezhnev, Soviet first secretary, dies of a heart attack at age 75 (born 1906). [1] [116] November 11 * 5th space shuttle mission-Columbia 5-launches first commercial flight. [1] * Solidarity leader Lech Walesa is let out of jail in Poland. [1] November 12 * In the Soviet Union, former KGB head Yuri Andropov is selected to become the general secretary of the Soviet Communist Party's Central Committee, succeeding the late Leonid I. Brezhnev. [1] [116] November 13 * The Vietnam Veterans Memorial is dedicated in Washington, D.C., after a march to its site by thousands of Vietnam War veterans. [1] [116] November 14 * The leader of Poland's outlawed Solidarity movement, Lech Walesa, is released from 11 months of internment near the Soviet border. [116] November 15 * Death of Vinoba Bhave, Indian educator (born 1895). [116] * Funeral services held in Moscow's Red Square for Leonid I Brezhnev. [1] November * The Royal Canadian Mint begins selling 1/10-ounce ($5 face) and 1/4-ounce ($10 face) 0.9999 gold Maple Leaf bullion coins, in addition to continuing the one-ounce coins. These are the purest gold coins available anywhere in the world. [3] November 16

776

* In Albania, a magnitude 5.5 earthquake occurs. [53] * 5th Space Shuttle Mission-Columbia 5-lands at Edwards Air Force Base. [1] November 17 * Bill Baldwin, announcer (Mayor of Hollywood), dies at age 69. [1] * Ruth Donnelly, comedienne, dies at age 86 in New York City. [1] November 18 * Donald Dillaway, actor, dies at age 78. [1] November 21 * Lee Patrick, actress (Henrietta - Topper, Maltese Falcon), dies at age 75. [1] November 22 * Death of Jean Batten, New Zealand aviator (born 1909). [116] * Burton Turkus, lawyer/author/TV host (Mr Arsenic), dies at age 80. [1] * Space shuttle Columbia returns to Kennedy Space Center via Kelly Air Force Base, Texas. [1] November 23 * Space shuttle Challenger moves to Vandenberg Air Force Base and mated for STS-6. [1] * Reverend Grady Nutt, actor (Hee Haw), dies at age 47. [1] November 26 * Dan Tobin, actor (I Married Joan, My Favorite Martian), dies at age 73. [1] * Robert Coote, actor (Timmy - Rogues, Theodore - Nero Wolfe), dies of a heart attack at age 73. [1] November 27 * Yasuhiro Nakasone is elected Prime Minister of Japan succeeding Zenko Suzuki. (November 26 [1]) [116] November 28 * Representatives from 88 countries gather in Geneva to discuss world trade and ways to work toward aspects of free trade. [116]

777

November 29 * Death of Percy Williams, Canadian athlete (born 1908). [116] * The United Nations General Assembly passes United Nations Resolution 37, stating that the Soviet Union should withdraw from Afghanistan. [116] November 30 * STS-6 vehicle moves to launch pad. [1] * US submarine Thomas Edison collides with US Navy destroyer in South China Sea. [1] December 1 * Dorothy James, composer, dies on 81st birthday. [1] * Miguel de la Madrid inaugurated as President of México. [1] * Michael Jackson's #1 album Thriller is released, to become the biggest selling album of all time in entertainment history. [116] December 2 * David Blue, rocker, dies while jogging in Greenwich Village at age 41. [1] * Marty Feldman, comedic actor (Young Frankenstein), dies at age 49 of a heart attack in México. [1] * At the University of Utah, 61-year-old retired dentist Barney Clark becomes the first person to receive a permanent artificial heart (he will live for 112 days with the device). [1] [116] December 3 * 35.7 cm rainfall at Big Fork, Arkansas (state record). [1] December 4 * The People's Republic of China adopts its constitution. [1] [116] * Police and racist demonstrators clash in Antwerp, Belgium. [1] December 5 * Seattle University Baptist Church declares sanctuary for Central American refugees. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] December 6

778

* Eleven soldiers and six civilians die by bomb planted by Irish National Liberation Army exploded in a pub in Ballykelly, Northern Ireland. [1] December 7 * Death of Will Lee, American actor who played Mr. Hooper on Sesame Street (born 1908). [116] * Charlie Brooks Jr, convicted murderer, becomes first US prisoner to be executed by lethal injection, at a prison in Huntsville, Texas. [1] [116] * Suriname army under Desi Bouterse fires on radio station building. [1] December 8 * Death of Marty Robbins, American singer (born 1925). [116] * André Kamperveen, Suriname minister, is murdered. [1] * Bram Behr, Suriname revolutionary, is murdered. [1] * Cyrill Daal, Suriname worker's union leader, is murdered. [1] * Demanding an end to nuclear weapons, Norman Mayer holds the Washington Monument hostage; after 10 hours, police kill him; he had no explosives. [1] * Frank Wijngaarde, Suriname journalist, is murdered. [1] * Gerald Leckie, Suriname scholar, is murdered. [1] * Harald Riedewald, Suriname attorney, is murdered. [1] * John Baboeram, Suriname lawyer, is murdered. [1] * Jozef Slagveer, Suriname journalist, is murdered. [1] * Kenneth Goncalves, Deacon of Surinamese order of advocate, is murdered. [1] * Leslie Rahman, Suriname journalist, is murdered. [1] * Marty Robbins, country singer, dies at age 57. [1] * Surendre Rambocus, Suriname army lieutenant, is murdered. [1] * Suriname army leader Bouterse murders 15 opponents. [1] December 9 * Joey Forman, actor (Sid Caesar Show, Joey Bishop Show), dies at age 53. [1] * Leon Jaworski, Watergate special prosecutor, dies in Texas at age 77. [1] * Paul Godwin [Goldfein], Polish/Dutch violist, dies at age 80. [1] * Roger Danneels, Flemish accordionist, dies at age 55. [1] * Fritz Usinger, German writer (Song against Death), dies at age 87. [1] December 10 * Roy Webb, composer, dies at age 94. [1] * Soyuz T-5 returns to Earth, 211 days after take-off. [1] * Freeman "Amos" Gosden, US radio actor (Amos 'n' Andy), dies at age 83. [1] December 12

779

* US$9.8 million in cash stolen from money transport car in New York City, New York. [1] * Women's peace protest at Greenham Common: 30,000 women hold hands and form a human chain around the 14.5-km (9-mile) perimeter fence. [116] December 13 * In Yemen, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake occurs, centered about 46 miles south of Sana, the capital. Deaths of more than 2,800 people killed, 1,500 injured, 700,000 homeless and about 300 villages destroyed or badly damaged. [1] [53] December 15 * Sao Tome and Principe constitution approved. [1] * Spain reopens border with Gibraltar. [1] December 16 * In the Hindu Kush region, Afghanistan, a magnitude 6.9 earthquake occurs. 450 people killed. [53] December 17 * Leonid B Kogan, Russian violist, dies at age 58. [1] * Philipp Jarnach, composer, dies at age 90. [1] December 18 * Flight readiness firing of Challenger space shuttle's main engines; 20 seconds. [1] * Tibor de Machula, Hungary/Netherlands cellist, dies at age 70. [1] December 19 * Jean-Jacques Grunenwald, French organist/composer, dies at age 71. [1] * Lawrence Collingwood, composer, dies at age 95. [1] December 20 * Super Bowl XX is awarded to the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans. [116] * Artur Rubinstein, pianist (My Young Years), dies in Geneva, Switzerland at age 95. [1] [116] December 23 * The United States Environmental Protection Agency recommends the evacuation of Times Beach, Missouri due to dangerous levels of dioxin contamination. [116]

780

* Jack Webb, actor (Joe Friday - Dragnet), dies of a heart attack at age 62. [1] * Norman Dinnerstein, composer, dies at age 45. [1] December 24 * Louis Aragon, French poet (Pour un Réalisme Socialiste), dies at age 85 (born 1897). [1] [116] December 25 * In the Flores Island region, a magnitude 5.9 earthquake occurs. Thirteen people killed, 390 injured, 1,875 homes destroyed and other buildings damaged. [53] December 26 * Time magazine's Man of the Year is a computer, first non-human. [1] [116] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] December 27 * John Leonard Swigert Jr, American astronaut (Apollo 13), dies of cancer at age 51 (born 1931). [1] [116] December 28 * Frederick Douglass Hall, composer, dies at age 84. [1] December 29 * Bob Marley postage stamp issued in Jamaica. [1] * Sol C Siegel, US film producer (High Society), dies at age 79. [1] December 30 * US Assay Office in New York City, New York closes. [1] December 31 * CBS Mystery Theater final episode on radio after eight years. [1] * NBC radio cancels almost all of its network daily features. [1] * TV soap The Doctors ends 19-year run. [1]

781

1983 January 1 * World Communications Year begins. [1] * The ARPANET officially changes to using the Internet Protocol, creating the Internet. [5] January 2 * Bernard George Stevens, composer, dies at age 66. [1] * Dick Emery, British comedian/actor (Yellow Submarine, Loot, Baby Love), dies at age 65 (born 1915). [1] [115] * Don Muraco beats Pedro Morales to become WWF Intercontinental Champ. [1] * Garry Trudeau takes a 20-month break from writing Doonesbury. [1] * Harriet Parsons, actress/producer (Susan Slept Here), dies at age 76 of cancer. [1] * The musical Annie is performed for the last time after 2,377 shows at the Uris Theatre on Broadway, New York City, New York, USA. [1] [115] * Sophisticated Ladies closes at Lunt-Fontanne theater in New York City, New York after 767 performances. [1] January 3 * Kilauea begins slowly erupting on the Big Island of Hawaii and is still flowing as of 2008. [115] January 7 * August Cool, Belgian trade union leader, dies at age 79. [1] * US President Ronald Reagan ends US arms embargo against Guatemala. [1] January 8 * Gale Page, actress (Four Daughters, Knute Rockney), dies of cancer at age 72. [1] * Lois Wilson, actress (Alice - Aldrich Family), dies at age 88. [1] * A riot breaks out at Sing Sing prison, New York. [115] January 9 * British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher visits the Falkland Islands. [1] January 10 * Death of Roy DeMeo, Mafia hitman (born 1942). [115] January 11

782

* Death of Shri Ghanshyam Das Birla, Indian industrialist and educator (born 1894). [115] * Nikolaj V Podgorny, president USSR, dies at age 79. [1] January 13 * Doodles Weaver, comedian (Spike Jones and City Slickers), dies at age 71. [1] * John McHugh, actor (Unspeakable), dies of a heart attack at age 69. [1] * Arthur Space, actor (Doc Weaver - Lassie), dies of cancer at age 74. [1] * D Mack Reynolds, US writer (Amazon Planet, Once Departed), dies. [1] January 15 * Shepperd Strudwick, actor (Psychomania), dies of cancer at age 75. [1] * Death of Meyer Lansky, Russian-born gangster (born 1902). [115] * Dutch political party DS'70 disbands. [1] * Meyer Lansky, reputed mobster, dies in Miami Beach, Florida, at age 81. [1] [5] January 17 * Doodles Weaver, actor/comedian (Ring of Fire), shoots himself at age 71. [1] * Nigeria expels two million illegal aliens, mostly Ghanaians. [1] * 10th American Music Awards: Kenny Rogers. [1] * Alabama Governor George C Wallace becomes governor for record fourth time. [1] January 19 * Apple Computer announces the Lisa computer. It features a 5 MHz 68000 processor, 12-inch monochrome monitor, 720x364 graphics, two 5.25-inch floppy drives, 5 MB hard drive, and six integrated programs. Its initial price is US$10,000. It is the first commercial personal computer with a graphical user interface. [4] [115] * Klaus Barbie, SS chief of Lyon in Nazi-France, arrested in Bolivia. [1] [115] January 21 * Bollingen Prize for poetry awarded to Anthony E Hecht. [1] * Reagan certifies El Salvador human-rights abuses have decreased making country eligible for US military aid. [1] January 22 * Second flight readiness firing of space shuttle Challenger's main engines; 22 seconds. [1] January 23

783

* Cerebral Palsy telethon raises US$14,700,000. [1] * Russian radioactive satellite falls into Indian Ocean. [1] * Death of Fred Bakewell, English cricketer (born 1908). [115] * A-Team with Mr T premieres on NBC. [1] January 24 * George Cukor, American film director, dies of stroke and heart attack at age 83 (born 1899). [1] [115] * In Oaxaca, Mexico, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurs. [53] * Twenty-five members of the Red Brigades are sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of Aldo Moro. [115] January 25 * China's supreme court commutes Chiang Ch'ing's death sentence to life in prison. [1] January 26 * Red rain falls in the United Kingdom, caused by sand from the Sahara Desert in the droplets. [115] * Lotus 1-2-3 is released for IBM-PC-compatible computers. [115] * Dutch/British infrared satellite IRAS launched from California. [1] January 27 * Robert Christian, actor (Bustin' Loose), dies of cancer at age 42. [1] * World's longest subaqueous tunnel (53.90 km) opens, Honshu-Hokkaid, Japan. [1] * Death of Georges Bidault, French Resistance leader (born 1899). [115] * Louis De Funes, French actor/writer (Mad Adventures of Rabbi Jacobs), dies from a heart attack at age 68 (born 1899). [1] [115] January 28 * Billy Fury, British Rock 'n' Roll artist ("That'll Be the Day"), dies at age 42 of heart failure (born 1940). [1] [115] * Death of Frank Forde, fifteenth Prime Minister of Australia (born 1890). [115] January 29 * Song "Down Under" by Men At Work hits #1 on United Kingdom pop chart. [1] * 40th Golden Globes: Gandhi, ET and Tootsie win. [1] January 30

784

* [Dallas] Mack/McCord Reynolds, sci-fi author (Earth War), dies at age 65. [1] * Joan Valerie, actress (Pier 13), dies of pneumonia. [1] January 31 * Seatbelt use for drivers and front seat passengers becomes mandatory in the United Kingdom. [115] February 1 * Tullio Campagnolo, Italian bicycle manufacturer, dies. [1] * USSR performs underground nuclear test. [1] February 2 * Roy Horb, Suriname sergeant/putschist, commits suicide. [1] * Sam Chatman, elder statesman of the blues, dies. [1] * Giovanni Vigliotto goes on trial for multiple counts of bigamy involving 105 women. [115] * Pope John Paul II names 18 new cardinals. [1] February 3 * Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser is granted a double dissolution of both houses of parliament for elections on March 5. Bob Hawke replaces Bill Hayden as leader of the Australian Labor Party. [115] February 4 * Reginald Denham, director/writer (Death at BC House), dies at age 89. [1] * Jim Ameche, actor (Festival of Stars), dies at age 68. [1] * Karen Carpenter, American singer/drummer (The Carpenters), dies of anorexia at age 32 (born 1950). [1] [115] February 5 * Derk Roemers, Dutch union leader/politician (Social Democrat), dies at age 67. [1] * Klaus Barbie, former German Gestapo officer, arrives in Lyons, France, after being expelled from Bolivia for having obtained citizenship under false pretenses. Barbie is charged with crimes against humanity, murder, torture, arbitrary arrests and jailings. [1] [10] [115] February 8 * Eric Peters sets transatlantic sailboat record (East to West): 46 days. [1]

785

February 9 * Belgium buys 44 F-16 fighter jets. [1] February 10 * Anglican synod vote 338-100 against unilateral United Kingdom nuclear disarmament. [1] * Eduard Franz, actor (Zorro), dies at age 80. [1] February 11 * Fourth largest snowfall in New York City history (18 inches (46cm)). [1] February 12 * Death of Eubie Blake, American musician and songwriter (born 1887). [115] * Eubie Blake, ragtime-composer/pianist (Memories of You), dies at age 100. [1] February 13 * Marian Nixon, actress (Dr Bull, Sweepstakes), dies of cancer at age 78. [1] * A cinema fire in Turin, Italy kills 64. [115] * U.S. President Ronald Reagan proclaims 1983 "The Year of the Bible". [115] February 14 * Death of Lina Radke, German athlete (born 1903). [115] February 16 * Australian bushfires in Victoria and South Australia claim the lives of 76 people. [115] February 17 * Netherlands adopts constitution. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] February 18 * Thirteen people are killed in an attempted robbery in Seattle, Washington. [115] February 19 * Alice White, actress (Employees' Entrance), dies of a stroke at age 78. [1]

786

February 20 * James G Richardson (Tim Cassidy-Sierra), dies at age 37 in ski accident. [1] * Japan launches Tenma satellite to study x-rays (450/570 km). [1] * Ray Vitte, actor (Doc, Cody-Quest), killed by police at age 33. [1] February 22 * Death of Sir Adrian Boult, English conductor (born 1889). [115] * Christina E "Christine" Auwen, singer/wife of John Kelly, dies at age 75. [1] * Hindus kill 3000 Muslims in Assam, India. [1] February 23 * 25th Grammy Awards: Rosanna, Toto IV, Men at Work win. [1] * Adrian Boult, conductor, dies. [1] * US immigration judge Gordon Sacks orders Feodor Fedorenko deported to the Soviet Union, his birthplace. Fedorenko had served as a guard in a Nazi death camp in Treblinka, Poland, between 1942 and 1945. [10] * Death of Herbert Norman Howells, English composer, at age 90 (born 1892). [115] (February 24 [1]) * The United States Environmental Protection Agency announces its intention to buy out and evacuate the dioxin-contaminated community of Times Beach, Missouri. [115] February 24 * USSR performs underground nuclear test. [1] * A special commission of the Congress of the United States releases a report critical of the practice of Japanese internment during World War II. [115] * Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above 1100 mark for first time. [1] February 25 * John Cowles Sr, US publisher, dies at age 84. [1] * Tennessee Williams, US writer (Streetcar Named Desire), chokes to death on a bottle cap at age 71 (born 1911). [1] [115] February 26 * Michael Jackson's Thriller album goes to #1 and stays #1 for 37 weeks. [1] February 27 * Death of Nikolai Aleksandrovich Kozyrev, Russian astronomer and astrophysicist (born 1908). [115]

787

February 28 * Death of Winifred Atwell, British pianist (born 1914). [115] * Final TV episode of MASH airs (CBS); record 125 million watch. [1] March 1 * Tornado tears through Louisiana, USA, injuring 33 people. [1] * Swatch introduces their first watches. [115] * The Balearic Islands and Madrid become autonomous communities of Spain. [115] March 2 * USSR performs underground nuclear test. [1] * Compact Disc recordings developed by Phillips and Sony introduced. [1] March 3 * Arthur Koestler, Hungarian/British writer (Dialogue With Death), dies at age 77 (born 1905). [1] [115] March 4 * Hergé [Georges Rémi], Belgian cartoonist (Rin-Tin-Tin), dies at age 75 (born 1907). [1] [115] March 5 * Bob Hawke (Labour) defeats Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser (Conservative). [1] [115] March 6 * Thelma Pelish, actress (Pajama Game), dies at age 55. [1] * The Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) holds parliamentary elections. The CDU/CSU win 48.8 percent of the vote, the SPD 38.2 percent, the FDP 7 percent and the Green Party 5.6 percent. This is the first time the Greens have had seats in parliament. Helmut Kohl (CDU) continues as chancellor. [1] [37] March 7 * TNN (The Nashville Network) begins on Cable TV. [1] * Igor Markevich, composer, dies at age 70. [1] * Robert Bray, actor (Corey - Lassie, Simon - Stagecoach West), dies at age 65. [1]

788

March 8 * IBM releases PC DOS version 2.0. [1] * US President Ronald Reagan calls the USSR an "Evil Empire". [1] * William T Walton, English composer (Belhazzar's feast), dies at age 80 (born 1902). [1] [115] * U.S. President Ronald Reagan calls the Soviet Union an "evil empire." [115] * US House Foreign Affairs Committee endorses nuclear weapons freeze with USSR. [1] * IBM announces the IBM Personal Computer XT. It features an Intel 8088 processor, 10 MB hard drive, 128 kB RAM, and one double-sided 360 kB floppy drive. Price is $4995. "XT" stands for eXtended Technology. [4] [115] March 9 * Zimbabwe opposition leader Joshua Nkomo flees to Botswana. [1] * Death of Ulf von Euler, Swedish physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1905). [115] * Anne Burford resigns as head of the United States Environmental Protection Agency amid scandal. [115] * Faye Emerson, actress (I've Got a Secret), dies of cancer at age 65. [1] March 11 * Australia's First Hawke Ministry is sworn in; Andrew Peacock becomes Federal Opposition leader. [115] March 12 * Jevsei G Liberman, Ukraine economist (Plan, profit, bonus), dies at age 85. [1] March 13 * Paul R Citroen, Dutch sculptor, dies at age 86. [1] March 14 * Maurice Ronet, actor (Circle of Love, Frantic, Sphinx), dies at age 55. [1] * OPEC cuts oil prices for first time in 23 years. [1] March 15 * In Honshu, Japan, a magnitude 5.3 earthquake occurs. [53] * José Luis Sert, Spanish-US architect/urban developer, dies at age 80. [1] * Death of Rebecca West, English-born writer (born 1892). [115]

789

March 16 * The Transmitter Ismaning, the last wooden radio tower in Germany, is demolished. [115] * Death of Freda Dudley Ward, former royal mistress (born 1894). [115] * Arthur Godfrey, TV host (Arthur Godrey Show), dies at age 79. [1] March 17 * Death of Haldan Keffer Hartline, American physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1903). [115] * 9th People's Choice Awards. [1] March 18 * In New Ireland region, a magnitude 7.9 earthquake occurs. [53] * Umberto of Piemonte, King Umberto II of Italy (1946), dies. [1] March 21 * Only known typo on Time Magazine cover (control=contol), all recalled. [1] March 22 * Chaim Herzog elected Israeli president. [1] March 23 * In Greece, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake occurs. [53] * U.S. President Ronald Reagan makes his initial Strategic Defense Initiative proposal to develop technology to intercept enemy missiles. The media dub this plan "Star Wars." [1] [115] * Dr Barney Clark, first artificial heart recipient, dies after 112 days at age 62. [1] March 24 * The redesigned 1984 model Corvette goes on sale in California, USA. [8] March 25 * During the anniversary show Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever Michael Jackson thrills the audience by dancing and singing while performing his hit song Billie Jean. The highlight of his act is his signature move: the moonwalk, which he performs in public for the first time. [115] * In Iran, a magnitude 5.2 earthquake occurs. Thirty people killed, 61 injured. [53] * Martha Sleeper, actress (Spitfire), dies of a heart attack at age 72. [1]

790

March 26 * Anthony F Blunt, British art historian/spy for USSR, dies at age 75. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] March 27 * Janis Ivanovs, composer, dies at age 76. [1] * Death of Elsie Eaves, American civil engineer, George Norlin Silver Medal from the University of Colorado (born 1898). [115] * James Hayter, actor (Pickwick Papers, Trio, Great Game), dies at age 75. [1] March 28 * Ank [Anna M] van der Moer, actress (Verkade, Dutch Comedy), dies at age 71. [1] * Martinus A Jansen, bishop of Rotterdam (1956-70), dies at age 77. [1] March 29 * Richard O'Brien, actor (Rocky Horror Show), dies of cancer at age 65. [1] March 30 * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] * Pál Kadosa, Hungarian composer/pianist, dies at age 79. [1] March 31 * Stephen Murray, actor (Guilty, Silent Dust, Master Spy), dies at age 70. [1] * In Colombia, a magnitude 5.5 earthquake occurs. 250-350 people killed, many injured and extensive damage in the Popayan area. [1] [53] April 1 * Anti-nuke demonstrators link arms in 14-mile human chain in England. [1] April 3 * In Costa Rica, a magnitude 7.3 earthquake occurs. [53] April 4 * Gloria Swanson, American actress (Airport 1975), dies of a heart ailment at age 84 (born 1897). [1] [115] * Jacqueline Logan, silent film leading lady, dies at age 78. [1]

791

* 6th space shuttle mission, Challenger 1 launched. [1] April 5 * France throws out 47 Soviet diplomats. [1] April 6 * Ana Maria Salvador, guerilla leader, murdered. [1] April 7 * STS-6: Space Shuttle Challenger astronauts Story Musgrave and Donald H. Peterson perform the first space shuttle spacewalk (duration: 4 hours, 10 minutes). [1] [115] * Gavin Gordon, television actor (Romance, Lone Cowboy), dies at age 82. [1] * Oldest human skeleton, aged 80,000 years, discovered in Egypt. [1] April 9 * 6th Space Shuttle Mission-Challenger 1 returns to Earth. [1] April 10 * Jordan's King Hussein ceases negotiations with Palestinian Liberation Organization. [1] * Ulf S von Euler-Chelpin, Swedish physiologist, dies at age 78. [1] * Issam Sartawi, Palestinian Liberation Organization ambassador to Portugal, is murdered. [1] April 11 * Dolores Del Rio, actress (Cheyenne Autumn), dies at age 78. [1] * NASA launches RCA-F. [1] * The 55th Academy Awards, hosted by Liza Minnelli, Dudley Moore, Richard Pryor, and Walter Matthau, are held at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles, California. Gandhi wins Best Picture, Ben Kingsley wins Best Actor, Meryl Streep wins Best Actress. [1] [115] * The National Economic Summit is held in Canberra, Australia. [115] * Third Golden Raspberry Awards: Inchon! wins. [1] April 12 * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] April 13

792

* US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] April 14 * Pete Farndon, rock bassist (The Pretenders), dies. [1] * US President Ronald Reagan signs US$165 billion Social Security rescue. [1] * Willem F Bon, Dutch composer, dies at age 42. [1] April 15 * Rodolfo Hoyos, actor (Luis-Viva Valdez), dies at age 68. [1] * Tokyo Disneyland opens in Urayasu, just outside Tokyo, Japan, operated by the Oriental Land Company under licence from Disney. It includes several themed areas: Adventureland, Fantasyland, Tomorrowland, Westernland, and World Bazaar. [6] [115] * American Public Radio is founded. [115] * Gyula Illyes, Hungarian writer/poet (Az Ismertlen Illyes), dies at age 80. [1] April 17 * In Warsaw, Poland, police route 1,000 Solidarity supporters. [1] * India enters space age launching SLV-3 rocket. [1] * Mark W Clark, US General (WWII), dies at age 87. [1] * Peter Potter, DJ (Peter Potter Show, Juke Box Jury), dies at age 78. [1] * First National Coin Week begins. [1] * Felix Pappalardi, rocker (Cream, Mountain), dies. [1] April 18 * Pulitzer prize awarded to Alice Walker for The Color Purple. [1] * The U.S Embassy is bombed in Beirut, Lebanon, killing 241 people. [115] * The Disney Channel, a cable-TV network, begins broadcasting, at 7:00 AM, with a show called Good Morning, Mickey. The service runs for 18 hours per day. [6] April 19 * France performs nuclear test. [1] * Jerzy Andrzejewski, writer (Ashes and Diamonds), dies at age 73. [1] * Lorene Scott, actress (Faraway Hill), dies at age 74. [1] April 20 * Soyuz T-8 launched; mission aborted when capsule fails to dock. [1] * Jerzy Andrezjewski, writer, dies. [1] April 21

793

* Scandal-plagued Jackie Presser is elected president of the Teamsters. [115] * Walter Slezak, actor (Bedtime For Bonzo), commits suicide in New York at age 80. [1] * £1 coin introduced in United Kingdom. [1] April 22 * Great Britain performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * Soyuz T-8 returns to Earth. [1] * Soviet Embassy official Valery Ivanov is expelled from Australia for allegedly trying to recruit spies in the Australian government. [115] * Earl "Fatha" Hines, American jazz pianist/conductor, dies (born 1903). [1] [115] April 23 * Stern magazine announces major historical find-discovery of 60 volume personal diaries written by Adolf Hitler (turns out to be a hoax). [115] (April 22 [1]) * Selena Royale, actress (Robot Monster), dies at age 78. [1] * Corinne Hermès wins the Eurovision Song Contest 1983 for Luxembourg with the song "Si la vie est cadeau". [115] April 24 * Austrian socialist party loses parliamentary election. [1] April 25 * The Soviet Union releases a letter that Russian leader Yuri Andropov wrote to Samantha Smith, an American fifth-grade student in Manchester, Maine, inviting her to visit his country. Andropov's letter came in response to a note Smith had sent him in December 1982, asking him if the Soviets were planning to start a nuclear war. [1] [129] * Manchester, Maine schoolgirl Samantha Smith is invited to visit the Soviet Union by its leader Yuri Andropov, after he read her letter in which she expressed fears about nuclear war. [115] * France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island. [1] * Pioneer 10 travels beyond Pluto's orbit. [5] April 26 * Vaughn Taylor, actor (Johnny Jupiter), dies at age 72. [1] * Bronislaw Kaper, composer, dies at age 81. [1] * Dow Jones Industrial Average breaks 1200 for first time. [1] April 28 * Argentine government declares all 15-30,000 missing persons dead. [1]

794

* NASA launches GOES-F. [1] April 30 * Jerry Hatsuo, Fujikawa actor (Uncle Matsu - Mr T and Tina), dies at age 71. [1] * Death of McKinley "Muddy Waters" Morganfield, blues singer/guitarist (Mad Love), dies at age 68 (born 1915). [1] [115] * George Balanchine, choreographer, dies at age 78 (born 1904). [1] [115] May 2 * Death of Norm Van Brocklin, former National Football League quarterback (born 1926). [115] * In Coalinga California, a magnitude 6.4 earthquake occurs. [53] * 6.7 earthquake injures 487 in Coalinga, California. [1] * Marius F Duintjer, architect, dies. [1] May 3 * Soviet leader Andropov decreases nuclear weapons in Europe. [1] * US bishops condemn nuclear weapons. [1] * Vaughn Taylor, actor (Jailhouse Rock), dies of cerebral hemorrhage at age 72. [1] May 4 * People's Republic of China performs nuclear test at Lop Nor. [1] * Nino Sanzogno, composer, dies at age 72. [1] May 5 * John Williams, actor (Family Affair, Dial M for Murder), dies at age 80. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] May 6 * Stern magazine publishes the "Hitler Diaries" (later found to be forgeries). [115] May 7 * Peter Edel, writer, dies. [1] May 8 * Death of John Fante, American writer (born 1909). [115] May 9

795

* 18th Academy of Country Music Awards: Alabama and Willie Nelson win. [1] May 10 * John P Strijbos, writer (Called that Bird), dies at age 92. [1] May 11 * Comet C/1983 H1 (IRAS-Araki-Alcock) approaches 0.0312 astronomical units (AUs) of Earth. [1] * Zenna [Chlarson] Henderson, author (Anything Box), dies at age 65. [1] May 12 * Julie Lynne Hayek (California) crowned 32nd Miss USA. [1] May 14 * Miguel Aleman Valdes, attorney/President of México (1946-52), dies at age 80. [1] * Death of Roger J. Traynor, American judge (born 1900). [115] May 15 * Madison Hotel (Boston, Massachusetts) destroyed by implosion. [1] May 16 * New South Wales Premier Neville Wran steps down, in response to allegations raised by ABC program Four Corners that he attempted to influence the NSW Magistracy. [115] * London, England, police begin the use of wheel clamps on illegally-parked vehicles. [115] * Carel Brons, composer, dies at age 52. [1] * Lebanese parliament accepts peace accord with Israel. [1] May 17 * Lebanon, Israel, and the United States sign an agreement on Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon. [1] [115] May 18 * US Senate revises immigration laws, gives millions of illegal aliens legal status under an amnesty program. [1] * Death of Frank Aiken, Irish Foreign Minister (born 1898). [115]

796

May 19 * NASA launches Intelsat V. [1] * Death of Jean Rey, President of the European Commission (born 1902). [1] [115] May 21 * David Bowie's "Let's Dance" single goes #1. [1] * Finn Einar Mortensen, composer, dies at age 61. [1] * Death of Kenneth Clark, British art historian (born 1903). [115] * Space shuttle Challenger moves to Vandenberg Air Force Base, for mating for STS-7 mission. [1] May 23 * Albert Claude, Belgian biologist (Nobel Prize 1974), dies at age 84 (born 1899). [1] [115] * Radio Moscow announcer Vladimir Danchev praises Afghanistan Muslims standing up to Russia; he is removed from the air. [1] May 24 * Fred Sinowatz succeeds Bruno Kreisky as chancellor of Austria. [1] * US Supreme Court rules government can deny tax breaks to schools that racially discriminate against students. [1] May 25 * Sydney Box, academy award producer, dies at age 76. [1] * Return of the Jedi (Star Wars VI) released to theaters. [1] * First National Missing Children's Day is proclaimed. [1] * Fire in Nassermeer, Egypt kills 357. [1] * France performs nuclear test. [1] May 26 * NASA launches Exosat. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * Near the west coast of Honshu, Japan, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake occurs. At least 104 people killed, some injured, and extensive damage to dwellings, roads, and vessels caused by earthquake and a tsunami along the Japan Sea coast from southern Hokkaido to the Niigata area, Honshu. Estimated tsunami heights were 14 metres at Minehama, Honshu. [53] [115] * Space shuttle Challenger moves to launch pad for STS-7. [1] May 27

797

* Arnoldus Christian Vlok van Wyk, composer, dies at age 67. [1] * Former EPA official Rita Lavelle indicted for contempt of US Congress. [1] May 28 * The 9th G7 summit begins at Williamsburg, Virginia. [115] May 30 * Alfred M Gruenther, US General/NATO-commander (1953-56), dies at age 84. [1] May 31 * Death of Jack Dempsey, American heavyweight champion boxer (born 1895). [115] June 2 * Death of Stan Rogers, Canadian musician (born 1949). [115] * Toilet catches fire on Air Canada's DC-9, 23 die at Cincinnati, Ohio. [1] June 3 * MGM/UA Entertainment releases the film WarGames to theaters in the USA. [8] June 7 * A Gilmore and P Kilmartin discovers asteroid #3152. [1] June 8 * Death of MiÜko Kranjec, Slovenian writer (born 1908). [115] June 9 * Conservative Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom since 1979, wins the general election, in a landslide victory over Michael Foot (42 percent of the popular vote). [115] June 10 * Death of Larry Hooper, American singer (The Lawrence Welk Show) (born 1917). [115] * Texas Instruments announces that poor sales of TI 99/4A computers, software, and peripherals would result in a second quarter loss of US$100 million. The news drives the company's stock price down almost US$50. (After shipping one million of the computers,

798

Texas Instruments cancels plans for TI 99/2 and TI 99/8 computers, and withdraws from the home computer market.) [4] June 12 * Norma Shearer, Canadian-born actress (Academy Award-winner), dies at age 80. [1] [115] June 13 * Pioneer 10 becomes first man-made object to leave solar system. [1] [5] [115] June 14 * Five killed in a fire at a Ramada Inn in Fort Worth, Texas. [1] June 15 * US Supreme Court strikes down state and local restrictions on abortion. [1] * Microsoft, Spectravideo, and fourteen Japanese companies announce the MSX standard specification for a low-cost home computer. The specification includes Z80 processor, video and sound processors, 64 kB RAM, and Microsoft BASIC. The standard becomes popular primarily in Japan. [4] June 16 * European Space Agency launches European Communications Satellite 1, Oscar 10. [1] June 18 * Irish Republican Army's Joseph Doherty arrested in New York City. [1] * STS-7: Space Shuttle Challenger 2 mission launched; Sally Ride becomes the first American woman in space. [1] [115] * Death of Marianne Brandt, German industrial designer (born 1893). [115] June 21 * In Hokkaido, Japan, a magnitude 6.9 earthquake occurs. [53] June 22 * First time a satellite is retrieved from orbit by Space Shuttle. [1] June 24

799

* 7th Space Shuttle Mission-Challenger 2 lands at Edwards Air Force Base. [1] [5] June 25 * Death of Alberto Ginastera, Argentine composer (born 1916). [115] June 26 * Walter O'Keefe, songwriter/TV host (Mayor of Hollywood), dies at age 82. [1] June 27 * Soyuz T-9 carries two cosmonauts to Salyut 7 space station. [1] * Highest price paid for painting by a living artist - £960,200 - Miró. [1] * Maxie Anderson and Don Ida, balloonists, die during a race. [1] * NASA launches space vehicle S-205. [1] June 28 * Bridge section along I-95 in Greenwich, Connecticut collapses killing three. [1] * NASA launches Galaxy-A. [1] June 29 * Space shuttle Challenger flies back to Kennedy Space Center via Kelly Air Force Base. [1] June 30 * Bo Gentry, songwriter/producer, dies. [1] * Mary Livingstone, actress (Jack Benny Show), dies at age 75. [1] July 1 * A North Korean Ilyushin Il-62M jet en route to Conakry Airport in Guinea, crashes into the Fouta Djall Mountains in Guinea-Bissau, killing all 23 people on board. [115] * The High Court of Australia blocks construction of the Franklin Dam in Tasmania. [115] * Cinematronics releases Dragon's Lair to arcade centers in the USA. It is the first laser-disc-based coin-operated arcade game. Cost per play is 50-cents. Advanced Microcomputer Systems designed the game, with animation provided by Don Bluth Animations. [9] * R Buckminster Fuller, American inventor/philosopher/architect, dies in Los Angeles, California at age 87 (born 1895). [1] [5] [115] July 3

800

* In Costa Rica, a magnitude 6.7 earthquake occurs. [53] * Calvin Smith of US becomes fastest man alive (9.93s for 100m). [1] July 4 * Death of John Bodkin Adams, alleged English murderer (born 1899). [115] July 5 * In Turkey, a magnitude 5.9 earthquake occurs. [53] * Harry James, swing-era bandleader/trumpet player, dies in Las Vegas, Nevada. [1] * Woman gives birth to baby 84 days after brain death (Roanoke, Virginia). [1] July 6 * US Supreme Court rules retirement plans can't pay women less than men. [1] July 7 * Death of Vicki Morgan, American model (murdered) (born 1952). [115] * Eleven-year-old Samantha Smith of Manchester, Maine, leaves for USSR, on invitation of Soviet leader. [1] [115] July 10 * E Bowell discovers asteroids #3222 Lillerand #3751. [1] July 11 * Death of Ross Macdonald, American-Canadian writer (born 1915). [115] * E Bowell discovers asteroid #3485 Barucci. [1] July 12 * Death of Chris Wood, British rock musician (born 1944). [115] July 15 * Nintendo releases the Family Computer (Famicom) video game system in Japan. The system is a phenomenal success, with 500,000 units selling in the first two months. (In 1985, Nintendo will release a similar system in the US called the Nintendo Entertainment System.) [9] [115] * Eight killed, 54 wounded, by Armenian extremists' bomb at Orly, France. [1] * Eddie Foy Jr, actor (Eddie - Fair Exchange), dies of cancer at age 78. [1]

801

July 16 * A Sikorsky S-61 helicopter crashes off the Isles of Scilly, causing 20 fatalities; Britain's worst helicopter accident. [1] [115] July 20 * Death of Frank Reynolds, American journalist (born 1923). [115] * The government of Poland announces end of martial law and amnesty for political prisoners. [115] * Frank Reynolds, news anchor (ABC Evening News), dies at age 59. [1] July 21 * The lowest temperature on earth is recorded in Vostok Station, Antarctica with -89.2 degrees C (-128.6 degrees F). [1] [54] [115] * Polish government ends 19 months of martial law. [1] * US announces Lebanon freed American hostage David Dodge. [1] July 22 * Australian Dick Smith completes his solo circumnavigation in a helicopter. [115] * In Western Iran, a magnitude 5.6 earthquake occurs. [53] * Dick Smith makes first solo helicopter flight around the world. [1] July 23 * Out of fuel, Air Canada Flight 143 glides in to land in Gimli, Manitoba. [115] * Death of Georges Auric, French composer (born 1899). [115] * The Black July, a communal riot occurs in Sri Lanka. These anti Sri Lankan Tamil riots leaves over 1,000 Tamils massacred and millions of dollars worth of their property destroyed. This pogrom is the beginning of a deadly Sri Lankan civil war in Sri Lanka. [115] * Heavy massive rain and mudslide occurred at western Shimane prefecture, Japan, 117 killed. [115] July 25 * First nonhuman primate (baboon) conceived in a lab dish, San Antonio, Texas. [1] * Washington Public Power Supply System defaults on US$2.25 billion loan. [1] July 26 * Space shuttle Challenger moves to Vandenberg Air Force Base for mating for STS-8. [1]

802

July 28 * New South Wales premier Neville Wran is exonerated by the Street Royal Commission, over claims raised by ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) programme Four Corners, that he attempted to influence the NSW magistracy. [115] July 29 * Friday Night Videos premieres on NBC TV. [1] * David Niven, English actor (Rugues), dies in Switzerland at age 73 (born 1910). [1] [115] * Luis Buñuel, movie director, dies at age 83 of cirrhosis of liver. [1] * Raymond Massey, Canadian actor, dies of pneumonia in Beverly Hills, California at age 86 (born 1896). [1] [115] July 30 * Howard Deitz, MGM executive, dies at age 86 of Parkinson's disease. [1] * Lynn Fontanne, Broadway's premier actresses, dies at age 95. [1] * Official speed record for a piston-driven aircraft, 832 kph, California. [1] August 1 * Peter Arne, actor, is bludgeoned to death in London, England at age 62. [1] * America West Airlines begins operations out of Phoenix, Arizona and Las Vegas, Nevada. [115] August 2 * STS-8 vehicle moves to launch pad. [1] * Death of James Jamerson, American Motown Bassist (born 1938). [115] August 3 * Carolyn Jones, American actress (Morticia - Addams Family), dies at age 54 of cancer (born 1930). [1] [115] * John Sain of South Bend, Indiana builds 3.91m house of cards. [1] August 4 * Thomas Sankara becomes President in Upper Volta. [115] August 5 * Judy Canova, singer/comedienne/actress, dies at age 66 of cancer. [1]

803

August 6 * Death of Klaus Nomi, German Pop Singer, Artist, Performance art (born 1944). [115] August 7 * Some 675,000 employees strike AT&T. [1] August 8 * Near the south coast of Honshu, Japan, a magnitude 5.9 earthquake occurs. [53] * Brigadier General Efrain Rios Montt is deposed as president of Guatemela. [1] August 15 * Anthony Costello, actor, dies at age 42. [1] August 16 * Death of Earl Averill, baseball player (born 1902). [115] August 17 * In Luzon, Philippine Islands, a magnitude 6.5 earthquake occurs. Sixteen people killed, 47 injured and extensive damage in the Pasuquin-Laoag-Batac and Serrat areas. [53] * Ira Gershwin, American lyricist, dies in Beverly Hills, California, at age 86 (born 1896). [1] [5] [115] August 18 * Hurricane Alicia hits the Texas coast, killing 22 and causing extensive damage. [1] [115] * Samantha Druce, age 12 years 119 days is youngest woman to swim English Channel. [1] August 21 * Benigno Aquino, Jr., Philippines opposition leader, is assassinated in Manila just as he returns from exile. [115] August 24 * The Old Philadelphia Arena is destroyed by arson. [115] * Jack Somack, actor (Ball Four, Stockard Channing Show), dies at age 64. [1]

804

August 25 * US and USSR sign US$10 billion grain pact. [1] August 26 * Mike Kellin, actor (Honestly Celeste), dies at age 61 of cancer. [1] August 28 * Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin announces resignation. [1] * Jan Clayton, actress (Ellen Miller - Lassie), dies at age 66. [1] August 29 * Simon Oakland, actor (Toma, Kolchak, Baa Baa Black Sheep), dies at age 61. [1] August 30 * STS-8: Space Shuttle Challenger carries Guion S. Bluford, the first AfricanAmerican astronaut, into space. [1] [115] September 1 * Korean Air Flight 007 Boeing 747 is shot down by a Soviet Union jet fighter when the commercial aircraft enters Soviet airspace. All 269 on board are killed. [1] [115] * Death of Larry McDonald, U.S. Congressman (plane crash) (born 1935). [115] * Henry "Scoop" Jackson (Senator-Democrat-Washington) dies at age 71. [1] September 2 * Yitzhak Shamir (Herut) endorsed by Menachem Begin for Israelli Prime Minister. [1] September 4 * Six men walk underwater across the Sydney Harbor - 82.9 km in 48 hours. [115] September 5 * 8th Space Shuttle Mission-Challenger 3-lands at Edwards Air Force Base. [1] September 6 * The Soviet Union admits to shooting down Korean Air Flight 007, stating that the pilots did not know it was a civilian aircraft when it violated Soviet airspace. [1] [115]

805

September 7 * Drury Gallagher sets fastest swim around Manhattan (6:41:35). [1] September 8 * NASA launches RCA-6. [1] September 9 * Space shuttle Challenger returns to Kennedy Space Center via Sheppard Air Force Base, Texas. [1] * Radio Shack announces their Color Computer 2 (the Coco2). [1] September 10 * Death of Dai Rees, British golfer (born 1913). [115] * Death of Felix Bloch, Swiss-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1905). [115] * Death of Jon Brower Minnoch, heaviest man who ever lived (born 1941). [115] September 12 * Albert Rizzo trod water at sea for 108 hours 9 minutes. [1] * Security guard Victor Gerena robs West Hartford company of US$7 million. [1] * USSR vetoes United Nations resolution deploring its shooting down of Korean plane. [1] September 13 * US mint strikes first gold coin in 50 years (Olympic Eagle). [1] September 14 * US House of Representatives votes 416 to 0 in favor of a resolution condemning Russia for shooting down a Korean jetliner. [1] September 15 * LeRoy Prinz, choreographer, dies at age 88. [1] * Willie Bobo, jazz drummer (Cos), dies at age 49. [1] September 16 * Donna Griffiths of Pershore in England stops sneezing after a continual series of sneezes for 978 days (since January 13, 1981). [115]

806

* The Austrian body building champion, movie actor, Arnold Schwarzenegger, becomes a U. S. citizen. [1] [37] September 17 * Vanessa Lynn Williams becomes the first African-American to be crowned Miss America, in Atlantic City, New Jersey. [1] [115] September 18 * George Meegen completes 2,426-day (19,000 miles) walk across Western Hemisphere. [1] September 19 * Saint Christopher-Nevis gains independence from Britain (National Day). [1] September 22 * NASA launches Galaxy-B. [1] September 23 * Gulf Air Flight 771 crashes in the United Arab Emirates after a bomb explosion in the baggage compartment, killing 117. [115] * Violence erupts in New Caledonia between native Kanaks and French expatriates. The French government withdraws the promise of independence. [115] * Space shuttle Columbia moves to Vandenberg Air Force Base for mating in preparation of STS-9. [1] September 25 * 38 Irish republican prisoners of Maze Prison, armed with six handguns, hijack a prison meals lorry and smash their way out of the prison; the largest prison escape in British history. [115] * Death of King Léopold III of Belgium (born 1901). [115] September 26 * Death of Tino Rossi, Corsican singer (born 1907). [115] * Cosmonauts Titov and Strekalov are saved from exploding Soyuz T-10. [1] [5] * Soviet military officer Stanislav Petrov averts a worldwide nuclear war. [5] September 27

807

* The GNU Project is announced publicly on the net.unix-wizards and net.usoft newsgroups. [115] September 28 * STS-9 vehicle moves to launch pad. [1] September 29 * First time US Congress invokes War Powers Act. [1] September 30 * Freddy Martin, orchestra leader (started Merv Griffin), dies at age 76. [1] * William D Elliot, actor (Bernie Loves Bridget, Adam 12), dies at age 49. [1] October 2 * Neil Kinnock is elected leader of the British Labour Party. [115] October 3 * John K.M. McCaffery, TV host (One Minute Please), dies at age 69. [1] October 4 * Richard Noble sets a new land speed record of 1019 kph (633.468 mph), driving Thrust 2 jet-powered car at the Black Rock Desert, Nevada. [1] [115] * Hooters Restaurant opens up in Clearwater, Florida. [115] * Near the coast of Northern Chile, a magnitude 7.4 earthquake occurs. At least 5 people killed, 24 injured and extensive damage in the Copiapo-Chanaral area. [53] October 5 * Lech Walesa of Poland wins the Nobel Peace Prize. [1] October 6 * Death of Terence Cardinal Cooke, American Catholic archbishop, at age 62 (born 1921). [1] [115] October 7 * In New York, a magnitude 5.3 earthquake occurs. [53] * A plan to abolish the Greater London Council is announced. [115]

808

October 8 * Joan Hackett, American actress, dies of cancer at age 49 (born 1934). [1] [115] October 9 * The Rangoon, Burma, bombing kills South Korea's Foreign Minister, Lee Bum Suk, and 21 others. [1] [115] October 10 * Israel's Knesset votes 60-53 to endorse Yitzhak Shamir as Prime Minister. [1] * Ralph Richardson, actor, dies at age 80. [1] October 11 * Last hand-cranked telephones in the US go out of service as 440 telephone customers in Bryant Pond, Maine, are switched over to direct-dial. [1] October 12 * Japan's former Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka is found guilty of taking a $2 million bribe from Lockheed, and sentenced to four years in jail. [115] October 14 * Paul Fix, actor (Rifleman), dies at age 82 of kidney failure. [1] * US Marine peacekeeper Sargeant Allen Soifert killed by sniper in Beirut, Lebanon. [1] October 15 * Pat O'Brien, actor, dies of heart attack at age 83. [1] * US Marine sharpshooters kill five snipers at Beirut International Airport, Lebanon. [1] October 16 * George Liberace, violinist (Liberace Show), dies at age 72. [1] October 17 * STS-9 vehicle moves to Vandenberg Air Force Base due to solid rocket booster nozzle problem. [1] October 18

809

* Death of Willie Jones, baseball player (born 1925). [115] October 19 * Maurice Bishop, the Prime Minister of Grenada, and 40 others are executed in a military coup. [1] [115] * US space shuttle Columbia moves to Orbiter Processing Facility. [1] October 20 * IBM-PC DOS Version 2.1 released. [1] October 21 * At the 17th General Conference on Weights and Measures, the metre is defined in terms of the speed of light as the distance light travels in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second. [115] * Warner Bros. Pictures releases the film The Right Stuff to theaters in the USA. [8] October 22 * In Bonn, West Germany, people demonstrate for nuclear disarmament. [115] October 23 * The game show GO! premieres on NBC. [115] * Simultaneous suicide truck-bombings destroy both the French and the United States Marine Corps barracks in Beirut, Lebanon, killing 241 US servicemen, 58 French paratroopers and six Lebanese civilians. [1] [115] * Jessica Savitch, of Margate, New Jersey, newscaster (NBC Weekend), dies in car accident drowning at age 36 (born 1947). [1] [115] * Tamara Shayne, actress, dies at age 80 of a heart attack. [1] October 25 * Microsoft Word is first released. [115] * United States troops invade Grenada at the behest of Eugenia Charles of Dominica, a member of the Organization of American States. [1] [115] October 27 * Pope John Paul II visits his would-be assassin Mehmet Ali Agca in prison to forgive him. [115] October 28

810

* Death of Otto Messmer, American cartoonist (born 1892). [115] * In Borah Peak, Idaho, a magnitude 6.9 earthquake occurs, the largest historical earthquake in Idaho. [53] October 30 * The first democratic elections in Argentina after seven years of military rule are held. [115] * In Turkey, a magnitude 6.9 earthquake occurs. At least 1,342 people killed, 534 seriously injured, more than 25,000 people homeless, and 50 villages completely destroyed in the provinces of Erzurum and Kars. [53] October 31 * Ron Grant completes a 217-day, 8,316-mile run around Australia. [1] November 1 * IBM announces the IBM PCjr. It features an Intel 8088 CPU, 64 kB RAM, detached keyboard, cartridge slots, and joystick, for $670. (Production lasts for about a year, when IBM discontinues the system.) [4] November 2 * At the White House Rose Garden, U.S. President Ronald Reagan signs a bill creating a federal holiday on the third Monday of every January to honor American civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. [1] [115] * Archbishop Hickey conducts papal investigation of Archbishop Hunthausen, Seattle. [1] November 3 * Death of Alfredo Antonini, American conductor and composer (born 1901). [115] * The Reverend Jesse Jackson announces his candidacy for the 1984 Democratic Party US presidential nomination. [1] [115] * Alfredo Antonini, conductor (Jane Froman Canteen), dies at age 82. [1] November 5 * Orbiter Discovery (OV-103) moves overland to Dryden. [1] November 6

811

* In Eastern China, a magnitude 5.7 earthquake occurs. Thirty-four people killed, about 2,200 injured and about 3,300 houses destroyed in the Heze-Dongming area of Shandong Province. [53] * Space shuttle Discovery transported to Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. [1] November 7 * Death of Germaine Tailleferre, French composer (born 1892). [115] * Bomb explodes in US Capitol, causing heavy damage but no injuries. [1] November 8 * In Belgium, a magnitude 4.9 earthquake occurs. [53] * Martha Layne Collins (Democrat) elected first female governor of Kentucky. [1] * Robert Agnew, director, dies at age 84 of kidney failure. [1] * STS-9 vehicle again moves to launch pad. [1] November 9 * Space shuttle Discovery flies from Vandenberg Air Force Base to Kennedy Space Center. [1] November 10 * At the Helmsley Palace Hotel in New York City, Microsoft formally announces Microsoft Windows for the IBM PC. This is the most elaborate product introduction in industry history. Windows is promised for release in April, 1984. Bill Gates predicts that by the end of 1984, Windows would be used on over 90% of all IBM compatible PCs. (The first version doesn't even ship until late 1985.) [4] November 11 * Ronald Reagan becomes the first U.S. President to address the Diet, Japan's national legislature. [1] [115] November 12 * Four die in a train crash in Marshall, Texas. [1] November 13 * The first United States cruise missiles arrive at Greenham Common Airbase in England amid protests from peace campaigners. [115] * "Alvin" Junior Samples, country singer (Hee Haw), dies at age 56. [1] November 14

812

* Death of Tómas Guðmundsson, Icelandic poet (born 1901). [115] November 15 * Death of John Le Mesurier, British actor (born 1912). [115] * John LeMesurier, actor, dies at age 71. [1] * Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus proclaimed. [1] [115] November 16 * A jury in Gretna, Louisiana acquits Ginny Foat of the murder of Argentine businessman Moses Chaiyo. [115] * In Hawaii, a magnitude 6.7 earthquake occurs. [53] November 17 * The Zapatista Army of National Liberation is founded. [115] November 19 * An attempted hijacking of the Aeroflot Flight 6833 in Soviet Georgia results in several dead and wounded. [115] * Peter Coffield of Illinois, actor (Kevin - W.E.B.), dies at age 37. [1] November 20 * In the U.S., an estimated 100 million people watch the controversial made-fortelevision movie The Day After, depicting a nuclear war and its effects on the United States. [1] [5] * Marcel Dalio, actor (Casablanca), dies at age 83. [1] * Richard Loo, actor, dies of cardio-pulmonary arrest. [1] November 22 * Michael Conrad, actor (Hill Street Blues), dies of cancer at age 58. [1] November 23 * The film Terms of Endearment is released to theaters in the USA. [8] November 24 * Palestinian Liberation Organization exchanges six Israeli prisoners for 4,500 Palestinians and Lebanese. [1]

813

November 25 * Soyuz T-9 returns to Earth, 149 days after take-off. [1] * Syria and Saudi Arabia announce cease-fire in Palestinian Liberation Organization civil war in Tripoli. [1] * World's greatest robbery: £25 million (US$38.7 million) in 6800 gold bars from Brinks Mat vault at Heathrow Airport, England. (Only a fraction of the gold is ever recovered, and only two men are convicted of the crime.) [1] [115] November 27 * A Colombian Avianca Flight 11 Boeing 747 crashes near Barajas Airport of Madrid, Spain killing 181 of the 192 on board. [1] [57] [115] November 28 * 9th Space Shuttle Mission - Columbia 6 - is launched. [1] * Christopher George, actor, dies at age 54 of a heart attack. [1] November 30 * In Chagos Archipelago Region, a magnitude 7.7 earthquake occurs. [53] * Radio Shack announces the Tandy Model 2000 computer (80186 chip). [1] December 1 * Mirsky, mathematician, dies. [1] * Rita Lavelle, former head of EPA, convicted of perjury. [1] December 2 * Michael Jackson's music video for "Thriller" is broadcast for the first time. [115] * Fifi D'Orsay "French Bombshell", Canadian actress (Dixie Jamboree), dies cancer at age 79 (born 1904). [1] [115] December 3 * Death of Troy Bergeron, Arena Football League player. [115] * France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island. [1] December 4 * Estelle Omens, actress (Effect of Gamma Rays), dies at age 55. [1] * US jet fighters strike Syrian anti-aircraft positions in Lebanon. [1] December 5

814

* ICIMOD established and inaugurated with its headquarters in Kathmandu, Nepal, and legitimised through an Act of Parliament in Nepal in the same year. [115] * Twelve killed by a car bomb shattering nine-story building in west Beirut, Lebanon. [1] * Robert Aldrich, director/producer (Last Sunset), dies at age 65. [1] December 6 * Death of Lucienne Boyer, French singer (born 1903). [115] * A bomb planted on a bus in Jerusalem explodes, killing six Israelis. [1] December 7 * Two Spanish passenger planes collide on the foggy runway at a Madrid airport killing 90. [1] [115] * Edgar Graham, member of Northern Ireland Assembly, shot dead by Irish Republican Army. [1] * France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island. [1] December 8 * 9th Space Shuttle Mission - Columbia 6 - lands at Edwards Air Force Base. [1] * Richard Baker, Zen teacher, steps down from abbotship of San Francisco Zen Center. [1] * Slim Pickins, American western actor (Blazing Saddles), dies after brain surgery at age 64 (born 1919). [1] [115] December 9 * The Australian Dollar is allowed to float, by Federal treasurer Paul Keating. [115] * US Attorney General Edwin Meese says people go to soup kitchens "...because the food is free and that's easier than paying for it". [1] * David Rounds, actor (Terence - Beacon Hill), dies at age 53. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] December 10 * Military rule ends and democracy is restored in Argentina. Raul Alfonsin inaugurated as first civilian president. [1] [115] * Danuta Walesa, wife of Lech Walesa, accepts his Nobel Peace Prize. [1] * Dorothy Cummings, actress (Dancing Mothers), dies at age 84. [1] * Patrick O'Moore, actor (Jungle Gents), dies at age 74. [1] December 11

815

* Death of Sir Neil Ritchie, British general (born 1897). [115] * First visit to Lutheran church by a pope (John Paul II in Rome). [1] * Szymon Laks, composer, dies at age 82. [1] December 12 * A truck bomb explodes at the US Embassy in Kuwait. [1] December 13 * British Airways incorporates. [1] * Leora Dana, actress (Amityville II, Change of Habit, Sylvie Kosloff - Another World), dies at age 60. [1] * Martha Layne Collins inaugurated as Kentucky's first female governor. [1] * Mary Renault [Challans], British author (Funeral games), dies at age 78. [1] December 15 * Space shuttle Columbia flies to Kennedy Space Center via El Paso, Kelly Air Force Base. [1] * Last 80 US combat soldiers in Grenada withdraw. [1] December 16 * Kusan Sunim, found Milae Sa temple/Bulsung Sa Zen in Korea, dies at age 74. [1] * Riverside, California judge denies cerebral palsy victim Elizabeth Bouviato request to starve herself to death in a county hospital. [1] * Spokesperson for The Who announces the group is disbanding. [1] December 17 * A Provisional IRA car bomb kills six Christmas shoppers and injures 90 outside Harrods in London. [1] [115] * A discotheque fire in Madrid, Spain, kills 83 people. [1] [115] December 19 * Raymond Massey, actor (Dr Gillespie - Dr Kildaire), dies at age 87. [1] December 20 * El Salvador adopts constitution. [1] * Palestinian Liberation Organization chairman Yasser Arafat and 4,000 loyalists evacuate Lebanon. [1] December 21

816

* Death of Paul de Man, Belgian-born literary critic (born 1919). [115] * Rod Cameron, actor (Santa Fe Passage, Stampede), dies at age 73. [1] December 22 * In Guinea, a magnitude 6.4 earthquake occurs. At least 443 people killed, 200 missing, 150 seriously injured and extensive damage in the Gaoual-Koumbia area, Guinea. [53] * Egyptian President Mubarak meets with Palestinian Liberation Organization leader Yasser Arafat. [1] December 23 * Death of Colin Middleton, Northern Irish artist (born 1910). [115] * Journal Science publishes first report on nuclear winter. [1] December 25 * Joan Miró, Spanish surrealist painter, dies at his home in Majorca at age 90 (born 1893). [1] [115] December 26 * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] December 27 * A propane explosion in Buffalo, New York kills five firefighters and two civilians, and devastates 16 square blocks. [1] [115] * Pope John Paul II pardons man who shot him (Mehmet Ali Agca). [1] * Walter Scott, rocker, dies. [1] December 28 * Dennis Wilson, American drummer/singer (The Beach Boys), drowns at age 39 (born 1944). [1] [115] * Gavaskar achieves his 30th century, beating Bradman's 29. [1] * US says they will leave UNESCO on December 31, 1984. [1] * William Demarest, actor ("Uncle Charlie" on My Three Sons), dies in Palm Springs at age 92. [1] December 29

817

* The Reverend Jesse Jackson travels to Syria to secure the release of U.S. Navy Lieutenant Robert Goodman, who has been in Syrian captivity after being shot down over the country on a reconnaissance mission. [115] December 30 * In the Hindu Kush region, Afghanistan, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake occurs. Twelve people killed, 483 injured and extensive damage in the Kabul-Samangan, Afghanistan area. Fourteen people killed, hundreds injured, and moderate damage in the Peshawar, Pakistan area. [53] December 31 * Two bombs explode in France. One on the Paris train kills three and injures 19. The other at Marseille station kills two and injures 34. [115] * Brunei gains complete independence from Britain. [1] [115] * Frank Link, actor (Burns and Schreiber Comedy Show), dies at age 46. [1] * Nigeria's National Assembly dissolves after military coup. [1]

818

1984 January 1 * Death of Alexis Korner, British blues musician and broadcaster (born 1928). [114] * AT&T's Bell System companies divest into 24 independent units. [1] [114] * Brunei becomes independent of United Kingdom. [1] [114] January 2 * Riot in Tunis kills over 100. [1] January 3 * Syria frees captured US pilot after appeal from Jesse Jackson. [1] * U.S. President Ronald Reagan meets with Navy Lieutenant Robert Goodman and the Reverend Jesse Jackson at the White House, following Lieutenant Goodman's release from Syrian captivity. [114] January 4 * Night Court starring Harry Anderson premieres on NBC TV. [1] January 5 * Richard Stallman starts developing GNU. [114] January 6 * Space shuttle Challenger moves to Vandenberg Air Force Base for mating of STS 41 B mission. [1] January 7 * Death of Alfred Kastler, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1902). [114] * Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). [114] January 8 * In Sulawesi, Indonesia, a magnitude 6.7 earthquake occurs. [53] January 9 * Wolfgang Staudte, German director (Ciske de Rat), dies at age 77. [1] * TV's Bloopers and Practical Jokes premieres on NBC TV. [1]

819

January 10 * Bulgarian Tupolev 134 plane crashes at Sofia airport in Bulgaria, 50 die. [1] * Clara Peller first asks, "Where's the Beef?". [1] * Suvanna Phuma, premier of Laos, dies at age 82. [1] * US establishes full diplomatic relations with Vatican after 117 years. [1] [114] * Argentine ex-president General Bignone arrested. [1] January 11 * STS 41-B vehicle moves to launch pad. [1] * US Supreme Court reinstates US$10 million award to Karen Silkwood's family. [1] * Fritz Geissler, composer, dies at age 62. [1] * Jack La Rue, TV narrator (Lights Out), dies at age 84. [1] January 13 * Jack Tramiel, founder of Commodore International, resigns as president and CEO. Tramiel founded the company in 1954 as a typewriter repair service. (In a few months, he will buy the Atari home computer business from Warner Communications, and attempt to put Commodore out of the computer business.) [4] January 14 * Mary Zeldenrust-Noordanus, Dutch sexuologist (Dutch Society for Sexual Reformation-NVSH), dies at age 55. [1] * Paul Ben Haim, composer, dies at age 86. [1] * Ray Kroc, founder of MacDonalds/owner San Diego Padres, dies at age 82 (born 1902). [1] [114] * In Canada, Lotto 6/49 lottery draw has a grand prize of CDN$13.9 million won by a single player in Ontario. Winning numbers are 2, 12, 29, 31, 44, 46. This is a Canadian record for a single winner, and a record for a single draw. [40.4,82] January 16 * 11th American Music Awards: Michael Jackson. [1] January 17 * US Supreme Court rules (5-4) private use of home VCRs to tape TV programs for later viewing does not violate federal copyright laws. [1] January 18 * Mitsui Miike coal mine explosion at Omuta, Kyushu, Japan, 83 killed. [114]

820

* Malcolm H Kerr, 9th president of American University of Beirut, shot dead. [1] January 19 * California Supreme Court refuses to allow quadriplegic Elizabeth Bouvia to starve herself to death in a public hospital; she appeals and is later granted the right to die. [1] January 20 * Jackie Wilson, rocker, dies at age 49 from a heart attack. [1] * Peter John [Johnny] Weissmuller, Austrian-born swimmer and actor (Tarzan, Jungle Jim), dies after a series of strokes in Acapulco, Mexico at age 79. [1] [114] January 21 * Death of Jackie Wilson, American singer (born 1934). [114] * Jackie Wilson, US singer ("I Get the Sweetest Feeling"), dies at age 49. [1] January 22 * Apple Computer runs its "1984" 60 second TV commercial during the NFL SuperBowl football game, introducing the Macintosh computer, without showing the computer, or listing features. Apple Computer runs the ad publicly only once, but dozens of news and talk shows replay it, making it one of the most memorable advertisements in TV history. [4] * Death of Sir Count Michael Gonzi, Archbishop of Malta and past politician (born 1885). [114] January 23 * Hulk Hogan defeats Iron Sheik to become World Wrestling Federation champ. [1] * Samuel Gardner, composer, dies at age 92. [1] * The Peace and Friendship Treaty is signed between Argentina and Chile in Vatican City. [114] January 24 * Apple Computer introduces the Apple Macintosh computer. It features 7.83 MHz 32bit Motorola 68000 processor, built-in 9-inch 512x342 graphics monochrome monitor, 3.5-inch diskette drive, and 128 kB RAM. Price is $2500, well above the original $1000 target. [1] [4] [114] January 26 * US navy exhibits Piasecki helistat-4 helicopters and a blimp able to lift 26 tons in Lakehurst, New Jersey. [1]

821

January 27 * Pop star Michael Jackson's scalp is seriously burned by pyrotechnics during filming of a Pepsi television commercial. [1] [114] * Lou Crosby, TV announcer (Mayor of Hollywood), dies at age 72. [1] January 28 * Mr Glynn Wolfe marries for non-bigamous record 26th time, Las Vegas, Nevada. [1] * Record 295,000 dominoes toppled, Fuerth, West Germany. [1] * 41st Golden Globes: Thornbirds wins. [1] * John Macvane, newscaster (United or Not), dies at age 71. [1] January 29 * Frances Goodrich (Diary of Anne Frank), dies from lung cancer at age 93. [1] * US President Ronald Reagan formally announces he will seek a second term. [1] * Space Shuttle 41-B (STS-11) Challenger launched. [1] January 30 * Death of Luke Kelly, Irish folk singer (born 1940). [114] January 31 * Edwin Newman retires from NBC News after 35 years with the network. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] February 1 * China and Netherlands regain diplomatic relations. [1] * Ravindara Mhatrem, Indian diplomat, kidnapped in England (killed February 3). [1] * Medicare comes into effect in Australia. [114] February 2 * Lebanese army fight in Beirut. [1] February 3 * Birth of first baby conceived by embryo transplant, in Long Beach, California. [1] * Ravindara Mhatrem, Indian diplomat, killed in England. [1] * Mattel announces it is selling its Intellivision video game business for US$20 million in cash to a group lead by Terrence Valeski, an executive of Mattel Electronics. [9]

822

* STS-41-B: Space Shuttle Challenger is launched on the 10th space shuttle mission. [1] [114] February 4 * 9 closes at 46th Steet Theater in New York City after 739 performances. [1] * Frank Aquilera sets world frisbee distance record (168 metres) Las Vegas. [1] February 6 * Muslim militiamen take over West Beirut from Lebanese army. [1] February 7 * Michael Jackson awarded a 4-foot-high platinum disc by CBS. [1] * Astronauts Bruce McCandless II and Robert L. Stewart make the first untethered space walk. [1] [114] * Brooks West, actor (Richard - My Friend Irma), dies at age 67. [1] February 8 * First time eight people in space. [1] * Soyuz T-10 launches with crew of three to Salyut 7. [1] * Death of Karel Miljon, Dutch boxer (born 1903). [114] February 9 * Rink opens at Martin Beck Theater in New York City for 204 performances. [1] * Balasaraswathi, Indian classical dancer, dies in Madras. [1] * Yuri Andropov, General Secretary of Soviet Communist Party (1982-84), dies at age 69 (born 1914). [1] [114] February 10 * Death of David Von Erich, American professional wrestler (born 1958). [114] February 11 * STS-41-B: Space Shuttle Challenger makes the first shuttle landing at the Kennedy Space Center. [1] [114] February 12 * Julio Cortázar, Argentine writer (Final del Juego), dies at age 69. [1] * Death of Julio Cortázar, Argentine writer (born 1914). [114]

823

* Anna Anderson Manahan [claimed to be Grand Duchess Anastasia] dies in Virginia. [1] February 13 * Konstantin Chernenko succeeds the late Yuri Andropov as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. [1] [114] * Six-year-old Texan Stormie Jones gets first heart and liver transplant. [1] February 15 * 500,000 Iranian soldiers move into Iraq. [1] * Avon Long, dancer/actor (Roots: The Next Generation), dies of cancer at age 73. [1] * Ethel Merman, American singer/actress (Kid Million), dies in her sleep at age 76 (born 1908). [1] [114] * Leamon Hunt, US director-General in Sinai, killed by communists. [1] February 16 * Ken Williams, TV announcer (Video Village), dies at age 69. [1] February 17 * Lucille Benson, actress (Lilly - Bosom Buddies), dies at age 69. [1] February 18 * Revised concordat between Italy and the Vatican signed. [1] February 19 * Ina Ray Hutton, orchestra leader (Ina Ray Hutton Show), dies at age 66. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] February 20 * Fikret Dzhamil Amirov, composer, dies at age 61. [1] February 21 * Death of Michail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov, Russian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1905). [1] [114] * Timex withdraws from the home computer business. Timex introduced the British Sinclair Research ZX81 computer to North America as the Timex/Sinclair 1000 in 1982. Priced at $100, then dropped to $50, a lack of software and physical and memory size limitations dampened initial public enthusiasm. [4]

824

February 22 * David, spent most of his life in a plastic bubble, dies at age 12. [1] * Death of Jessamyn West, American writer (born 1902). [114] * Death of Syed Faiz-ul Hassan Shah, a Pakistani religious leader of Allo Mahar Shrif. [114] February 24 * Uwe Johnson, writer, dies at age 59. [1] * Iraq resumes air attack on Iran. [1] February 25 * Oil fire in Cubatao, Brazil kills 500. [1] * Death of Sean Marsee, American athlete (born 1965). [114] February 26 * Pak Awang (84) marries 80th spouse. [1] * Reverend Jesse Jackson acknowledges that he called New York City "Hymietown". [1] * Robert Penn Warren, Pulitzer Prize winner, named first US poet laureate. [1] * Last US marines in multinational peace-keeping force in Lebanon leave Beirut. [1] [114] February 27 * Worker's union leader Billy Nair freed in South Africa. [1] February 28 * 26th Grammy Awards: "Beat It", Michael Jackson wins eight. [1] February 29 * Roland Culver, actor (Thunderball), dies of heart problems at age 83. [1] * Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau announces his retirement. [1] [114] March 1 * Jackie Coogan, American actor (Uncle Fester - Addams Family), dies at age 69 (born 1914). [1] [114] * NASA launches Landsat-D Prime (Landsat 5) to thematic map the Earth. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1]

825

March 2 * Louis Basile, actor (Louie - The Super), dies at age 48. [1] * Iran offensive against Iraq fails. [1] March 4 * Shalva Mikhaylovich Mshvelidze, composer, dies at age 79. [1] March 5 * Michael Sklar, California, comedian (Laugh-in, Sha Na Na), dies at age 39. [1] * US Supreme Court rules 5-4 that city may use public money for Nativity scene. [1] * Tito Gobbi, Italian baritone (Scarpia in Tosca), dies at age 68 (born 1915). [1] [114] * US accuses Iraq of using poison gas. [1] * William Powell, actor (My Man Godfrey), dies at age 91 (born 1892). [1] [114] * Iran accuses Iraq of using chemical weapons; the United Nations condemns their use on March 30. [114] * Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi orders Operation Blue Star to flush out separatist militants from Harimandir Sahib, the most sacred shrine of Sikhism. [114] * Harry Salter, orchestra leader (Stop the Music), dies at age 85. [1] March 6 * Pierre Cochereau, composer, dies at age 59. [1] * National Union of Mine Workers in England begin strike action (lasts 51 weeks). [114] (March 12 [1]) * Death of Martin Niemöller in Wiesbaden, Germany; commander of a submarine in World War I, pastor in Berlin, a leader in the resistance against Hitler, recipient of the Lenin Peace Prize in 1967 and the German "Grand Cross of Merit" in 1971. [1] [37] * Henry Wilcoxon, actor (Cleopatra, Dragnet, Jericho), dies of congessive heart failure at age 78. [1] March 9 * Buena Vista releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Splash to theaters in the US. This is the first film release from Touchstone Pictures. (Gross revenue is US$69 million, a new Disney record for a live-action film.) [6] * Emile Gumbs' Anguilla National Alliance wins elections. [1] March 10 * June Marlowe, actress (Pardon US), dies at age 81. [1]

826

March 11 * Nakagawa Soen, Zen teacher/poet, dies in Rytutakuji monastery at age 76. [1] March 12 * Death of Arnold Ridley, English playwright and actor at age 88 (born 1896). [1] [114] * Death of Uwe Johnson in Kent, England (born in Germany); German novelist. [37] March 14 * Space shuttle Challenger moves to Vandenberg Air Force Base for mating of STS 41C mission. [1] * Sinn Féin's Gerry Adams and three others are seriously injured in a gun attack by the UVF. [114] * Aurelio Peccei, Italian businessman/CEO (Club Rome), dies at age 75. [1] March 15 * John Lennon's single "I'm Stepping Out" is released (four years after his death). [1] * Tanzania adopts constitution. [1] * Tommy Cooper, comedian, collapses and dies on stage. [1] * 10th People's Choice Awards: Brooke Shields wins. [1] March 16 * Islamic Jihad gunmen kidnap William Buckley, US Central Intelligence Agency station chief in Beirut, Lebanon (later dies in captivity). [1] [114] * South Africa and Mozambique sign non-attack treaty. [1] * Death of John Hoagland, American photographer (born 1947). [114] March 18 * Paul Frances Webster, lyricist, dies of Parkinson's disease at age 76. [1] March 19 * Mobil oil tanker spills 200,000 gallons into Columbia River. [1] * STS 41-C vehicle moves to launch pad. [1] * In Western Uzbekistan, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake occurs. [53] * Kate and Allie TV show premieres. [1] * John J O'Connor named 8th archbishop of New York. [1] March 20

827

* US Senate rejects amendment to permit spoken prayer in public schools. [1] March 21 * Soviet submarine crashes into USS Kitty Hawk aircraft carrier off Japan. [1] * Part of Central Park is named Strawberry Fields honoring John Lennon. [1] March 23 * General Rahimuddin Khan becomes the first man in Pakistan's history to rule over two of its provinces, after becoming interim Governor of Sindh. [114] March 24 * Sam Jaffe, American actor (Dr Zorba - Ben Casey), dies of cancer at age 93 (born 1891). [1] [114] March 27 * Near the north coast of New Guinea, Papua New Guinea, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake occurs. [53] March 28 * Kenneth Whitty, first Secretary at British Embassy in Athens, is shot dead. [1] March 29 * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] March 30 * US ends participation in multinational Lebanon peace force. [1] * Death of Karl Rahner in Innsbruck, Austria (born in Freiburg, Germany); Jesuit priest, writer, professor of theology at the universities of Innsbruck, Munich and Münster. [37] * Peter Yarrall, strongest Englishman/weighed 826 pounds (374.7 kg), dies. [1] March 31 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] April 1 * American singer Marvin Gaye shot to death by his father Marvin Gaye Sr in Los Angeles, California at age 44 (born 1939). [1] [114]

828

* 14th Easter Seal Telethon raises US$24,600,000. [1] April 2 * Soyuz T-11 carries three cosmonauts (one Indian-Rakesh Sharma) to Salyut 7. [114] (April 3 [1]) April 3 * Guinea suspends constitution after coup. [1] April 4 * U.S. President Ronald Reagan calls for an international ban on chemical weapons. [114] April 5 * Theo Koomen, Dutch sportscaster, dies in auto-accident at age 54. [1] * Arthur Travors "Bomber" Harris, marshal of British Royal Air Force, dies (born 1892). [1] [114] April 6 * Jimmy Kenndy, British songwriter ("South of the Border"), dies. [1] * Ral Donner, singer/narrator, dies at age 41. [1] * The 56th Academy Awards, hosted by Jack Lemmon, are held at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, with Terms of Endearment winning Best Picture. Best Actor: Robert Duvall, Best Actress: Shirley Maclaine. [114] (April 9 [1]) * 11th Space Shuttle Mission (41-C)- Challenger 5 is launched; first time 11 people in space. [1] April 7 * Frank Church (Senator-Democrat-Ohio, 1957-81), dies at age 59. [1] * Samuel G Engel, screenwriter/poet, dies of heart failure at age 79. [1] April 8 * 4th Golden Raspberry Awards: Lonely Lady wins. [1] * Death of Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1894). [114] April 9 * Basil Henry Blackwell, British publisher, dies. [1]

829

April 10 * Damaged Solar Max satellite snared by Challenger shuttle. [1] * Nate Nelson, R&B-singer (Flamingos - "I'll Be Home"), dies on 52nd birthday. [1] * US Senate condemns Central Intelligence Agency mining of Nicaraguan harbors. [1] * Birth of Zoe in Melbourne, Australia, first frozen-embryo child. [1] April 11 * Space Shuttle Challenger astronauts complete first in-space satellite repair. [1] * Chinese troops invade Vietnam. [1] * General Secretary Konstantin U Chernenko named President of Soviet Union. [1] * Soyuz T-11 returns to Earth. [1] * Death of Edgar V. Saks, Estonian statesman and historian (born 1910). [114] April 12 * Ruth Taylor, actress (Gentlemen Prefer Blondes), dies at age 76. [1] * Palestinian gunmen take Israeli Bus Number 300 hostage. Israeli special forces storm the bus, freeing the hostages (1 hostage, 2 hijackers killed). [114] April 13 * 11th Space Shuttle Mission (41C) - Challenger 5 - returns to Earth. [1] * Christopher Wilder, FBI's "most wanted man", accidentally kills self. [1] * India launches Operation Meghdoot, as most of the Siachen Glacier in Kashmir comes under Indian control. [114] April 15 * Extremist Sikhs plunder 40 stations in Punjab, India. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] * British comedian/magician Tommy Cooper suffers a massive heart attack while live on TV, dying at age 61 (born 1921) [1] [114] * Death of Alexander Trocchi, Scottish writer (born 1925). [114] April 16 * Pulitzer prize awarded to Mary Oliver for American Primitive. [1] April 17 * WPC Yvonne Fletcher is shot and killed by a secluded gunman during a siege outside the Libyan Embassy in London. [1] [114]

830

April 18 * Space Shuttle Challenger flies back to Kennedy Space Center via Kelly Air Force Base. [1] * John Lee Mahin, screenwriter, dies of emphysema at age 81. [1] April 19 * Advance Australia Fair is proclaimed as Australia's national anthem, and green and gold as the national colours. [114] * Nemesis, death star of dinosaurs first appears in print (Nature magazine). [1] April 20 * Death of Hristo Prodanov, Bulgarian mountaineer (born 1943). [114] * Mabel Mercer, English/US singer (Fly me to the moon), dies at age 84. [1] * Russian offensive in Panshirvallei, Afghanistan. [1] April 21 * Centers for Disease Control says virus discovered in France causes AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). [1] * Nightline TV show reverts back from 1 hour to 1/2 hour. [1] * After 37 weeks, "Thriller" is knocked off as top album by "Footloose". [1] April 22 * Ansel Adams, American photographer, dies at age 82 (born 1902). [1] [5] April 23 * In Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, a magnitude 4.4 earthquake occurs. [53] * August "Guus" Oster, actor/director (Carrie), dies at age 68. [1] April 24 * In Morgan Hill, California, a magnitude 6.1 earthquake occurs. [53] April 25 * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] * The term of Sultan Ahmad Shah as the 7th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia ends. [114] * Richard Benedict, actor (Okinawa), dies of a heart attack at age 64. [1] * Rock group Wings disbands. [1]

831

April 26 * Henry Rowland, actor (Rogue's Regiment), dies at age 70. [1] * May McAvoy, actress (Ben Hur), dies after a heart attack at age 82. [1] * US President Ronald Reagan visits China. [1] * William "Count" Basie, American jazz piano great, dies on 80th birthday (born 1904). [1] [114] * Sultan Iskandar, Sultan of Johor, becomes the 8th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia. [114] April 27 * Over 70 inches of snow falls on Red Lake, Montana. [1] April 28 * Glen H Taylor, US Senator/vice presidential candidate (1948), dies at age 80. [1] * Silvia A Warner, writer, dies. [1] April 29 * In Central Italy, a magnitude 6.1 earthquake occurs. [53] * Marvin Gaye rocker (Sexual Healing), shot dead by his father at age 45. [1] April 30 * Muddy Waters, blues singer/guitarist (Hoochie Coochie Man), dies at age 68. [1] May 1 * Gordon Jenkins, orchestra leader (NBC Comedy Hour), dies at age 73. [1] * Great Britain performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * Mick Fleetwood (of Fleetwood Mac) files for bankruptcy. [1] May 2 * Piet van Aken, Flemish writer (Failing God, Niggers), dies at age 64. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * Death of Jack Barry, American television host and producer (Joker's Wild) (born 1918). [1] [114] * The Liverpool International Garden Festival opens in Liverpool. [114] May 4 * Diana Dors, actress (Berserk!), dies at age 52 of cancer. [1]

832

May 5 * The Herreys win the Eurovision Song Contest 1984 for Sweden, with the song "Diggi-Loo, Diggi-Ley". [114] May 6 * José Napoleon Duarte wins El Salvador presidential election. [1] * Death of Mary Cain, Mississippi newspaper editor and politician (born 1904). [114] May 7 * In Southern Italy, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake occurs. [53] * US$180 million out-of-court settlement reached in Agent Orange suit. [1] May 8 * Thames Barrier to stop flooding in London officially completed. [1] * The longest game in Major League Baseball history begins at 7:30 PM between the Milwaukee Brewers and the Chicago White Sox. The game will be played over the course of 2 days, lasting 25 innings, with a total time of 8 hours and 6 minutes. [114] * Denis Lortie kills three government employees in the National Assembly of Quebec building. [114] * France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island. [1] May 9 * Alexander Calder's Big Crinkly sells for US$852,000. [1] May 10 * Robert Moore, actor (Marshall - Diana), dies at age 56. [1] * International Court of Justice rules on US blockade of Nicaragua. [1] May 11 * A transit of Earth from Mars takes place. [1] [114] * Haunted Castle at Six Flags Great Adventure burns down, killing eight. [114] May 12 * South Africa prisoner Nelson Mandela sees his wife for first time in 22 years. [1] * World of Rivers world exposition opens in New Orleans, Louisiana. [1] * The Louisiana World's Fair opens. [114]

833

* Space shuttle Discovery (OV-103) moves from Orbiter Processing Facility to Vehicle Assembly Building at KSC, for mating for 41-D (STS-14) for the first use of this Shuttle. [1] * Doris May, actress (Peck's Bad Boy), dies of heart failure at age 81. [1] * France performs nuclear test. [1] May 13 * In Bosnia and Herzegovina, a magnitude 5.1 earthquake occurs. [53] May 14 * The one dollar coin is introduced in Australia. [114] * 19th Academy of Country Music Awards: Alabama wins. [1] * Ashton-Tate introduces the dBase III relational database program for 16-bit IBM PCcompatible computers. [4] * Larry Stock, songwriter (Blueberry Hill), dies. [1] May 15 * Lionel Charles Robbins, British economist, dies at age 85. [1] May 16 * Andy Kaufman, American comedian (Latka - Taxi), dies of cancer at age 35 (born 1949). [1] [114] * Guinea-Bissau adopts constitution. [1] * Irwin Shaw, American writer (Rich Man, Poor Man), dies at age 71 (born 1913). [1] [114] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] May 17 * Mai Shanley, 21, (New Mexico), crowned 33rd Miss USA. [1] May 19 * STS 41-D vehicle moves to launch pad. [1] * Death of John Betjeman, English poet (born 1906). [114] May 20 * Peter Bull, British actor (Dr Doolittle), dies of a heart attack at age 72. [1] May 21

834

* Atari introduces the Atari 7800 ProSystem. It features higher resolution graphics than the Atari 5200, optional keyboard to make it a home computer, and compatibility with Atari 2600 cartridges. Price is US$149. [9] * In Eastern China, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake occurs. [53] * Andrea Leeds, actress (Stage Door, Earthbound), dies of cancer at age 70. [1] * Ann Little, actress (Roaring Road), dies. [1] May 22 * John Marley, actor (Cat Ballou), dies following heart surgery at age 77. [1] May 23 * Richard von Weizäcker is elected president of West Germany. [37] May 24 * Death of Vincent J. McMahon, professional wrestling promoter WWF (born 1914). [114] May 25 * Piet Ketting, Dutch pianist/conductor/composer, dies at age 79. [1] May 26 * Tulsa, Oklahoma gets 13 inches of rain, 14 die. [1] May 28 * Eric Morecambe, British comedian (Morecambe and Wise), dies at age 58 (born 1926). [1] [114] May 30 * Bomb explodes in rebel leader Eden Pastora headquarters in Nicaragua. [1] May 31 * 57th US National Spelling Bee: Daniel Greenblatt wins spelling "luge". [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] June 2 * Flight readiness firing of space shuttle Discovery's main engines. [1] * B A Skiff discovers asteroid #3617. [1]

835

June 3 * At the Summer Consumer Electronics Show, the Amiga Corporation demonstrates a graphics-oriented computer code-named "Lorraine". (Commodore International will soon buy the company, and release a series of successful Amiga computers.) [4] June 5 * The Indian government begins Operation Blue Star, the planned attack on the Sikh Golden Temple in Amritsar. [1] [114] June 6 * Indian troops storm the Golden Temple at Amritsar, the Sikhs' holiest shrine, killing an estimated 2000 people. [1] [114] * Death of Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale, most well known sikh leader of the 20th century (born 1947). [114] June 7 * George Givot, actor (Versatile Vaudeville), dies at age 81. [1] June 8 * Warner Bros. Pictures releases the film Gremlins to theaters in the USA. [8] * A deadly F5 tornado nearly destroys the town of Barneveld, Wisconsin, killing 9 people, injuring nearly 200, and causing over $25,000,000 in damage. [114] June 9 * NASA launches Intelsat V, it failed. [1] * Polygram's Hanover, Germany plant produces its 10 millionth compact disc. [1] * Donald Duck and Clarence Nash lead a ticker-tape parade through Disneyland, celebrating 50 years since Donald Duck's film debut in The Wise Little Hen. [6] June 10 * US missile shoots down an incoming missile in space for first time. [1] June 15 * Meredith Willson, composer (Meredith Willson Show), dies at age 82. [1] * Ned Glass, actor, dies at age 78 of heart failure. [1] June

836

* In the USA, the Massachusetts Megabucks lottery draw sets a record for an unshared win, giving US$15.6 million to one person. [40.8] June 17 * Chet Allen, actor (Jerry - Bonino, Slats - Troubleshooter), dies at age 51. [1] June 18 * Perth Observatory discovers asteroid #3541. [1] June 19 * First live TV appearance by Chief Justice Warren Burger (Nightline). [1] June 20 * The biggest exam shake-up in the British education system in over ten years is announced, with O-level and CSE exams to be replaced by a new exam, the GCSE. [114] * Estelle Winwood, actress (Miracle on 34th Street), dies at age 99. [1] * Sunny Johnson, actress, dies of cerebral hemorrhage at age 30. [1] June 22 * The official name of the Turkish city Urfa is changed into Sanliurfa. [114] * Virgin Atlantic Airways makes its inaugural flight. [114] * Joseph Losey, director, dies at age 75. [1] June 24 * William Keighley, actor, dies of a stroke at age 94. [1] June 25 * STS 41-D launch attempt scrubbed because of computer problem. [1] June 26 * Carl Foreman, producer, dies of cancer at age 69. [1] * Death of Michel Foucault, French philosopher (born 1926). [114] * First flight of space shuttle Discovery (41-D) scrubbed at T -4s. [1] June 28

837

* Motorola introduces the 16-MHz 68020 processor, a 32-bit version of the 68000, in CMOS, with on-board cache. Estimated performance is 2-3 MIPS. Price is US$487 each. [4] * Richard Ramírez, aka the "Night Stalker," performs his first recorded murder. [114] June 29 * USSR offers to start talking about banning Strategic Defence Initiative. [1] June 30 * John Napier Turner becomes Canada's 17th Prime Minister. [114] * Lillian Hellman, playwright, dies of cardiac arrest at age 79. [1] July 1 * Death of Moshé Feldenkrais, Ukrainian founder of the Feldenkrais Method (born 1904). [114] July 2 * Standard Oil of California changes its company name to Chevron. [228] July 3 * Dolphin rocket launched off San Clemente Island. [1] * US Supreme Court rules Jaycees may be forced to admit women as members. [1] July 4 * Death of Jimmie Spheeris, American singer-songwriter (born 1949). [114] July 5 * US Supreme Court weakens 70-year-old "exclusionary rule"-evidence seized. [1] July 6 * Warner Communications sells off the home video game and computer systems business of Atari to Jack Tramiel for US$240 million in long-term loans. Warner has the option to purchase up to 32 percent interest in the new company for US$2 per share. [9] July 7 * Five die in a train crash in Williston, Vermont. [1]

838

* Flora Robson, actress, dies in her sleep at age 82. [1] July 8 * Death of Brassaï, Hungarian-born photographer (born 1899). [114] July 9 * Lightning sets fire to York Minster. [114] July 11 * England's MusicBox begins satellite transmission to Europe. [1] July 12 * In San Francisco, the Democratic National Convention nominates Walter F. Mondale for U.S. President, and Geraldine Ferraro for Vice President. [1] [114] July 13 * Universal Pictures releases the film The Last Starfighter to theaters in the USA. [9] July 14 * Death of Philippe Wynne, American musician (born 1941). [114] * Kenny Delmar, comedian (School House), dies at age 74. [1] * STS 41-D vehicle moves to Vandenberg Air Force Base for remanifest of payloads. [1] July 16 * Billy Williams, singer (Your Show of Shows), dies at age 73. [1] July 17 * J Delos Jewkes, singer/actor, dies of a heart attack at age 89. [1] * Soyuz T-12 carries three cosmonauts to space station Salyut 7. [1] July 18 * Beverly Lynn Burns becomes the first female Boeing 747 airline captain. [5] * In San Ysidro, California, 41-year-old James Oliver Huberty sprays a McDonald's restaurant with gunfire, killing 21 people before being shot and killed by police. [1] [114] * Walter F Mondale wins Democratic presidential nomination in San Francisco, California. [1]

839

July 19 * In the United Kingdom, a magnitude 5.4 earthquake occurs. [53] * First female to captain a 747 across the Atlantic (Lynn Rippelmeyer). [1] * Carol Eberts Veazie, actor, dies at age 89. [1] * Geraldine A Ferraro, (Representative-Democrat-New York), wins Democratic Vice President nomination. [1] July 21 * In Jackson, Michigan, a factory robot crushes a worker against a safety bar in the first robot-related death in the United States. [1] [114] * James Fixx, runner and author, dies at age 43 of a heart attack. [1] July 23 * Vanessa Lynn Williams becomes the first Miss America to resign when she surrenders her crown, after nude photos of her appear in Penthouse magazine. [1] [114] * Lloyd Gouch, actor, dies of aortic aneurism at age 77. [1] July 24 * Death of Armando Morales Barillas, Nicaraguan guitarist (born 1936). [114] July 25 * Salyut 7 cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya becomes the first woman to perform a space walk. [1] [5] [114] July 26 * Death of George Gallup, American statistician and opinion pollster (born 1901). [114] * Death of Ed "Psycho" Gein, American serial killer (born 1906). [1] [114] * In the USA, one New York resident wins US$20 million in the state lottery, a new record for unshared win. [40.8] July 27 * James Mason, actor, dies at age 75 of a heart attack. [1] [5] July 28 * Bess Flowers, actress, dies at age 85. [1]

840

July 29 * Fred Waring, orchestra leader (Fred Waring Show), dies at age 84. [1] * Woodrow Parfey, actor (Time Express), dies at age 61 of a heart attack. [1] July 30 * Alvenus tanker at Cameron, Louisiana, spills 2.8 million gallons of oil. [1] * Soap opera Santa Barbara premieres on NBC. [1] July 31 * Bill Raisch, one armed actor (Fred Johnson - Fugitive), dies at age 79. [1] August 1 * Australian banks are deregulated. [114] August 2 * Death of Quirino Cristiani, Argentine animated film director (born 1896). [114] August 4 * The African republic Upper Volta changes its name to Burkina Faso. [114] * Edmon Ryan, actor, dies at age 79 of a heart attack. [1] * Mary Miles Minter, silent screen star, dies at age 82 of heart failure. [1] * Prince's "Purple Rain" album goes to #1 and stays #1 for 24 weeks. [1] * Republic of Upper Volta becomes Bourkina Faso (National Day). [1] * Walter Burke, actor, dies at age 75 of emphysema. [1] August 5 * Howard Culver, actor (Howie - Gunsmoke), dies at age 66. [1] * Richard Burton, Welsh actor (Cleopatra), dies at age 58 of cerebral hemorrhage (born 1925). [1] [5] [114] August 6 * In Kyushu, Japan, a magnitude 6.9 earthquake occurs. [53] August 8 * Richard Deacon, actor (Mel - Dick Van Dyke Show), dies at age 62. [1] August 9

841

* STS 41-D vehicle again moves out to the launch pad. [1] August 11 * United States President Ronald Reagan, during a voice check for a radio broadcast remarks "My fellow Americans, I'm pleased to tell you today that I've signed legislation that will outlaw Russia forever. We begin bombing in five minutes". [114] * Death of Alfred A. Knopf, American publisher (born 1892). [114] * Death of Paul Felix Schmidt, Estonian-German chess player (born 1916). [114] * During a radio voice test President Reagan jokes he "signed legislation that would outlaw Russia forever. We begin bombing in five minutes". [1] August 13 * Death of Tigran Petrosian, Georgian chess player (born 1929). [114] * Clyde Cook, actor, dies in his sleep at age 92. [1] August 14 * Death of J. B. Priestley, English novelist and playwright (born 1894). [114] * IBM releases the IBM PC/AT, with 6 MHz 80286 processor, MS-DOS 3.0, 256 kB RAM, and 1.2 MB floppy drive, for prices starting at US$4000. [4] August 16 * John De Lorean is acquitted of all eight charges of possessing and distributing cocaine. [1] [114] * Hottest day ever recorded in Kansas City, Missouri. [114] * Largest harness racing purse (US$2,161,000 - Nihilator wins US$1,080,500). [1] * NASA launches Ampte. [1] August 18 * Triangle Oil Corp, above-ground storage tank at Jacksonville Florida, spills 2.5 million gallons of oil burned after lightning sparked a fire. [1] August 21 * Half a million people in Manila demonstrate against the regime of Ferdinand Marcos. [114] August 22 * Republican convention in Dallas, Texas, renominates President Ronald Reagan and Vice President George Bush. [1] [114]

842

August 25 * Death of Waite Hoyt, baseball player (born 1899). [114] * Truman Capote, author (In Cold Blood), dies (born 1924). [1] [114] * Reinhard "Teddy" Suhren dies of stomach cancer at age 68. Suhren was a German WWII submarine commander, one of five to receive the Knights Cross with Oak Leaves and Crossed Swords. [152.16] August 27 * In Northern Sumatra, Indonesia, a magnitude 5.2 earthquake occurs. One hundred twenty-three people injured and 405 buildings damaged in the Tarutung area. Felt at Kuala Lumpur and Pinang, Malaysia. [53] * Billy Sands, actor (Phil Silvers Show, McHale's Navy), dies at age 73. [1] * US President Ronald Reagan announces the Teacher in Space project. [1] August 30 * 12th Space Shuttle Mission (41-D) - Discovery 1 - launched (6 days). [1] [114] September 1 * Howland Chamberlain, actor, dies at age 73. [1] September 2 * Seven people are shot and killed and 12 wounded in the Milperra massacre, a shootout between the rival motorcycle gangs Bandidos and Comancheros in Sydney. [114] September 3 * 28-year-old Chicago resident wins US$40 million in Illinois Lottery Lotto state lottery. [1] [86.41,102] * Arthur Schwartz, actor, dies after a stroke at age 83. [1] * Duncan Renaldo, actor (Cisco Kid), dies at age 80. [1] September 4 * The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, led by Brian Mulroney, wins 211 seats in the House of Commons, forming the largest majority government in Canadian history. [40.66] [114] * The Nicaraguan general elections are held, Sandinista Front is the winner. [114] September 5

843

* 12th Space Shuttle Mission (41-D) - Discovery 1 - lands at Edwards Air Force Base. [1] [5] [114] * Western Australia becomes the last Australian state to abolish capital punishment. [114] September 6 * Ernest Tubb, singer (Grand Ole Opry), dies at age 70. [1] * US TV show Today Show begins live remote telecasts from Moscow, USSR. [1] * E.J. Andre, actor (Eugene Bullock - Dallas), dies at age 74. [1] September 8 * Space shuttle Challenger moves to Vandenberg Air Force Base for mating of STS 41G mission. [1] * Death of Frank Lowson, English Test Cricketer 1951-1955 (born 1925). [114] September 10 * Sean O'Keefe (11) is youngest to cycle across US (24 days). [1] * Space shuttle Discovery returns to Kennedy Space Center via Altus Air Force Base, Oklahoma. [1] September 12 * Country singer Barbara Mandrell is badly injured in a car accident. [1] September 13 * STS 41-G launch vehicle moves to launch pad. [1] * In Honshu, Japan, a magnitude 6.3 earthquake occurs. At least 24 people killed and severe damage and landslides in the Otaki area. [53] September 14 * The first MTV Video Music Awards are held in Radio City Music Hall, New York City; Bette Midler and Dan Aykroyd host. [1] [114] * Janet Gaynor, actress, dies at age 77 from a traffic accident. [1] * Death of Richard Brautigan, American counter-culture author (suicide) (born 1935). [114] September 15 * Morocco Showcase opens at EPCOT in Walt Disney World. [1] September 16

844

* Miami Vice TV show premieres in USA. [1] September 17 * Brian Mulroney sworn in as Canada's 18th Prime Minister succeeding John Turner. [1] * Richard Basehart, actor, dies at age 70 following several strokes. [1] September 18 * Off the east coast of Honshu, Japan, a magnitude 6.9 earthquake occurs. [53] * In Turkey, a magnitude 6.4 earthquake occurs. Three people killed, 38 injured, and 75,000 houses destroyed or damaged in the Olur-Senkaya area. [53] * Joe Kittinger completes the first solo balloon crossing of Atlantic. [1] [5] September 19 * June Preisser, dancer/actress, dies at age 61 in an auto accident. [1] September 20 * Death of Steve Goodman, a Grammy Award-winning folk music singer and songwriter from Chicago, Illinois (born 1948). [114] * Hezbollah car-bombs the U.S. embassy annex in Beirut, Lebanon, killing 22 people. [1] [114] September 21 * NASA launches Galaxy-C. [1] September 22 * Disney's board of directors meets to vote on filling executive positions. They vote unanimously to hire Michael Eisner as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, replacing Ray Watson, and Frank Wells as President and Chief Operating Officer. Eisner's contract gives him US$750,000 per year, US$750,000 signing bonus, annual bonus two percent above company net growth of nine percent, and over two million share options at US$14.359 each. Wells' contract gives him US$400,000 per year, US$250,000 signing bonus, annual bonus equal to fifty percent of Eisner's, and options on 460,000 shares. [6] September 24 * Neil Hamilton, actor (Commissioner Gordon - Batman), dies of asthma at age 85. [1] September 25

845

* Walter Pidgeon of New Brunswick, Canada, actor (MGM-Mrs Miniver, Madame Curie), dies at age 87 after a series of strokes (born 1897). [1] [114] September 26 * The United Kingdom and the People's Republic of China sign the initial agreement to return Hong Kong to China in 1997. [1] [114] * US President Ronald Reagan vetoes sanctions against South Africa. [1] October 1 * Gary Trudeau's Doonesbury comic strip resumes after two-year hiatus. [1] October 2 * Three cosmonauts return after a record 237 days in orbit. [1] * Richard Miller becomes first (former) FBI agent charged with espionage. [1] October 4 * Tim Macartney-Snape and Greg Mortimer become the first Australians to summit Mount Everest. [114] * US government closes down due to budget problems. [1] October 5 * Death of Leonard Rossiter, British actor, of a heart attack at age 57 (born 1926). [1] [114] * 13th Space Shuttle Mission (41-G) - Challenger 6 - launched. Marc Garneau becomes the first Canadian in space. [1] [5] [114] October 8 * Frederick Brisson, producer, dies at age 71 after a stroke. [1] October 11 * Aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger, astronaut Kathryn D. Sullivan becomes the first American woman to perform a space walk. [1] [114] * US Vice Presidential candidate debate-Geraldine Ferraro (Democrat) and George Bush (Republican). [1] October 12 * Death of Sir Anthony Berry, British politician (bombing) (born 1925). [114]

846

* The Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) attempts to assassinate the British Cabinet in the Brighton hotel bombing. [1] [114] October 13 * STS 41-G mission lands at Kennedy Space Center. [1] October 14 * Death of Martin Ryle, English radio astronomer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (born 1918). [114] October 16 * Desmond Tutu, black Anglican Bishop, wins the Nobel Peace Prize. [1] * Ken Carpenter, TV announcer (Lux Video Theater), dies at age 84. [1] * Peggy Ann Garner, actress, dies at age 53 of cancer. [1] October 18 * Death of Jon-Erik Hexum, American actor (born 1957). [114] * In Turkey, a magnitude 5.3 earthquake occurs. Three people killed, 35 injured, and 75,000 homes damaged in the Erzurum-Senkaya area. [53] * Space shuttle Discovery moves to Vandenberg Air Force Base for mating of STS 51A mission. [1] * Florence Rinard, TV panelist (20 Questions), dies at age 82. [1] * Jon-Erik Hexum, actor, dies at age 26 by a gun loaded with blanks. [1] October 19 * Polish secret police arrest Jerzy Popieluszko, a Catholic priest who supports the Solidarity movement. His dead body is found in a reservoir on October 30. [114] October 20 * Death of Paul Dirac, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1902). [114] * Death of Carl Ferdinand Cori, Austrian-born biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1896). [114] October 21 * Death of François Truffaut, French film director, at age 52 of brain cancer (born 1932). [1] [5] [114] October 22

847

* Napoleon Whiting, actor (Silas - Big Valley), dies at age 75. [1] October 23 * David Gorcey, dead end kid actor, dies at age 63 in a diabetic coma. [1] * NBC airs BBC footage of Ethiopian famine. [1] * Oskar Werner, actor, dies of a heart attack at age 61. [1] * STS 51-A launch vehicle moves to launch pad. [1] October 24 * Eleven members of the Colombo crime family arrested. [1] * Edith Massey, actress, dies at age 66. [1] * Intelsat 5 re-enters Earth's atmosphere five months after it failed. [1] * Walter Woolf King, actor/TV host (Lights Cameras Action), dies at age 85. [1] October 25 * The last execution in Turkey takes place. [114] October 26 * "Baby Fae" gets baboon heart transplant, lives 21 days. [1] * Sue Randall, actress (Miss Landers - Leave it to Beaver), dies at age 49. [1] October 30 * June Duprez, actress, dies at age 66. [1] * Mario Gallo, actor (Delvecchio), dies at age 61. [1] October 31 * Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi is assassinated by her two Sikh security guards. Riots soon break out in New Delhi, and some 2,700 Sikhs are killed. [1] [114] * Puerto Rican tanker San Francisco explodes spilling two million gallons of oil as the ship catches fire. [1] November 1 * Norman Krasna, writer/director, dies of a heart attack at age 74. [1] November 2 * Velma Barfield becomes the first woman executed in the United States since 1962, in Raleigh, North Carolina. [114]

848

November 3 * Body of assassinated Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi cremated. [1] November 4 * Merie Earle, actress (Maude - The Waltons), dies of uremic poisoning at age 95. [1] * Nicaragua holds first free elections in 56 years; Sandinistas win 63 percent. [1] November 6 * U.S. presidential election: Ronald Reagan defeats Walter F. Mondale with 59 percent of the popular vote, the highest since Richard Nixon's 61 percent victory in 1972. Reagan carries 49 states in the electoral college; Mondale wins only his home state of Minnesota by a mere 3,761 vote margin, and the District of Columbia. [1] [114] * In the USA, voters approve introduction of state lotteries in California, Oregon, Missouri, and West Virginia. Pari-mutuel racing betting is approved in Missouri. Colorado and Arkansas defeat proposed casino introductions. Oregon votes to amend constitution to prohibit casinos. [39] [86.68,101,104] * Death of Gastón Suárez, Bolivian novelist and dramatist (born 1929). [114] November 7 * George Matthews, actor, dies at age 73 of heart disease. [1] * STS 51-A launch scrubbed because of high shear winds. [1] November 8 * STS 51-A mission launched. Anna Fisher becomes the first "mom" to go into orbit. [1] November 9 * Vietnam Veterans Memorial ("3 Servicemen") completed. [1] November 10 * Sudie Bond, actress, dies at age 56 of a respiratory ailment. [1] November 11 * Reverend Martin Luther King Sr dies in Atlanta, Georgie, USA at age 84. [1] November 12 * Space shuttle astronauts snare a satellite; first space salvage. [1]

849

November 13 * Dorothy Arnold, actress, dies at age 66. [1] November 14 * Zamboanga City mayor Cesar Climaco, a prominent critic of the government of Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos, is assassinated in his home city (born 1916). [114] * Astronauts aboard Discovery pluck a second satellite from orbit. [1] * George Matthews, of Brooklyn, New York, actor (Chick - Glynis), dies at age 73. [1] * NASA launches NATO-3D. [1] November 15 * Baby Fae, who received a baboon's heart, dies at California medical center. [1] November 16 * Death of Vic Dickenson, American trombonist (born 1906). [114] * Death of Leonard Rose, American cellist (leukemia) (born 1918). [114] * 14th Shuttle Mission (51A) - Discovery 2 - lands at Kennedy Center. [1] November 18 * Death of Mary Hamman, American writer and editor, modern living editor LIFE and editor-in-chief Bride & Home (born 1907). [114] November 19 * A series of explosions at the PEMEX Petroleum Storage Facility at San Juan Ixhuatepec, in Mexico City, ignites a major fire and kills about 500 people. [114] November 20 * SETI (Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence) is founded. [5] November 25 * An East Rail train derails between Sheung Shui and Fanling stations, Hong Kong. [114] * Thirty-six of Britain and Ireland's top pop musicians gather in a Notting Hill studio to form Band Aid, and record the song "Do They Know It's Christmas", in order to raise money for famine relief in Ethiopia. [114] * William Schroeder becomes second to receive Jarvik-7 artificial heart. [1]

850

November 27 * Percy Norris, deputy high commissioner of India, shot dead. [1] November 28 * Over 250 years after their deaths, William Penn and his wife Hannah Callowhill Penn are made Honorary Citizens of the United States. [114] November 29 * Band Aid release the song "Do They Know It's Christmas". [114] November 30 * The Tamil Tigers begin the purge of the Sinhalese from North and East Sri Lanka; 127 are killed. [114] December 1 * Controlled Impact Demonstration: NASA crashes remote controlled Boeing 720. [114] * France performs nuclear test. [1] December 2 * Bob Hawke's government is re-elected in Australia with a reduced majority. [114] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] December 3 * A methyl isocyanate leak from a Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, kills more than 2,000 people outright and injures 15,000 to 22,000 others (some 6,000 of whom later die from their injuries). [1] [114] * British Telecom is privatised. [114] * Oldest groom - Harry Stevens, 103, weds Thelma Lucas, 83, in Wisconsin, USA. [1] * Virginia Lacy Jones, US librarian/presidential advisor, dies at age 72. [1] December 4 * Hezbollah militants hijack a Kuwait Airlines plane and kill four passengers. [1] [114] * John Rock, US co-developer of anti-conceptiepil, dies at age 94. [1] December 5

851

* French colonies kill ten Kanaken in New Caledonia. [1] December 6 * France performs nuclear test. [1] * Hijackers aboard Kuwaiti jetliner kill second hostage. [1] * Ruth Cummings, actress (Daybreak, Dream of Love), dies at age 90. [1] December 7 * Jeanne Cagney, actress (Quicksand, Kentucky Rifle), dies at age 65. [1] December 8 * Europe and 64 developing countries sign Lomé III treaty. [1] * Luther Adler, American actor (Dr Bernard Altman - The Psychiatrist), dies at age 81 (born 1903). [1] [114] December 9 * Great Britain performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * Iranian commandos end six-day capture of Kuwaiti plane. [1] December 10 * First planet outside our solar system discovered. [1] * South African Bishop Desmond Tutu receives his Nobel Peace Prize. [1] December 11 * Death of Oskar Seidlin, Silesian-born Jewish-American literary scholar (born 1911). [114] * George Waggner, director/writer, dies at age 90. [1] * Mauretania military coup under Colonel Maawiya Ould Sid'ahmed Taya. [1] December 13 * Artificial heart recipient William Schroeder suffers first stroke. [1] December 14 * Vicente Aleixandre, Spanish poet (Historia del corazón), Nobel Prize winner, dies at age 86 (born 1898). [1] [114] December 15

852

* Death of Jan Peerce, American tenor (born 1904). [114] * Avon Long, actor (Roots: Next Generation), dies at age 74. [1] * Jan Peerce [Perelmuth], operatic tenor, dies at age 80 following a stroke. [1] * USSR launches Vega 1 for rendezvous with Halley's Comet. [1] December 16 * Death of J. Roderick MacArthur, American businessman and philanthropist (born 1920). [114] December 19 * People's Republic of China Premier Zhao Ziyang and Margaret Thatcher sign Hong Kong Treaty for the return of Hong Kong in 1997. [1] [114] * People's Republic of China performs nuclear test at Lop Nor. [1] * Fire at the Wilberg Mine in central Utah kills 27 people. [1] * Michel Magne, composer, dies at age 54. [1] December 20 * Death of Gonzalo Márquez, Venezuelan Major League Baseball player (born 1946). [114] * 33 unknown keyboard works of Johann Sebastion Bach found in the Yale library. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] December 21 * USSR launches Vega 2 for fly-by of Halley's Comet. [1] December 22 * Four African-American youths board an express train in The Bronx borough of New York City. They attempt to rob Bernhard Goetz, who shoots them. The event starts a national debate about urban crime. [1] [114] * In Malta, Prime Minister Dom Mintoff resigns. [114] * Madonna's "Like a Virgin" single goes #1 for six weeks. [1] December 24 * Ian Hendry, actor (Assassin, Get Carter, Repulsion), dies at age 53. [1] * Palace coup in Mauritania. [1] * Peter Lawford, actor (The Thin Man), dies of cardiac arrest at age 61. [1] December 26 * Belgian princess Astrid marries arch duke Otto L van Austrian-Este. [1]

853

December 28 * Death of Sam Peckinpah, American film director (born 1925). [114] * Creosote bush determined to be 11,700 years old. [1] * Sam Peckinpah, director, dies of cardiac arrest at age 59. [1] [5] * TV soap Edge of Night ends 28-year run. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] December 29 * Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi claims victory in parliamentary elections. [1] * Leo Robin, lyricist, dies of heart failure at age 84. [1] December 30 * In the India-Bangladesh border region, a magnitude 5.6 earthquake occurs. Twenty people killed, about 100 injured, 10,000 homeless and extensive damage in southern Assam, India. [53] December 31 * Def Leppard drummer Rick Allen loses his arm in a car crash. [1] * New York City subway gunman Bernhard Goetz surrenders to police in New Hampshire. [1] * Rajiv Gandhi takes office as India's 6th Prime Minister, succeeding his mom, Indira. [1] [114] * US leaves UNESCO. [1]

854

1985 January 1 * International Youth Year begins. [1] * US's first manadatory seat belt law goes into effect (New York). [1] * VH-1 makes its broadcasting debut. [1] * The first British mobile phone call is made (by Ernie Wise to Vodafone). [5] [85] * The Internet's Domain Name System is created. [5] January 2 * Egyptian President Mubarak re-appoints Coptic pope Shenuda III. [1] January 3 * Israel government confirms resettlement of 10,000 Ethiopian Jews. [1] * Lucien Cailliet, composer, dies at age 93. [1] January 4 * Brian Gwynne Horrocks, English Lieutenant-General (A Full Life), dies at age 89 (born 1895). [1] [84] January 5 * Space shuttle Discovery moves to launch pad for STS 51-C mission. [1] * At the Winter Consumer Electronics Show, Commodore International unveils the Commodore 128 Personal Computer. It functions as three computers in one: a complete Commodore 64, a CP/M mode, and a new 128 kB mode. It features a 8502 processor, Z80 processor, 128 kB RAM, and ROM cartridge port. Price is US$300. [4] * At the Winter Consumer Electronics Show, Atari introduces the Atari 520ST computer. It features 512 kB RAM, 192 kB ROM including Digital Research's GEM operating system, 640x400 monochrome or 320x200 16-color graphics from a palette of 512 colors, 32 kB screen RAM, MIDI interface, and mouse. Price is US$599. [4] * At the Winter Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, Nevada, Nintendo first shows the Nintendo Entertainment System in the US. [9] January 6 * Robert H W Welch Jr, US founder/leader John Birch Society, dies at age 85. [1] January 7 * Japanese space probe Sakigake launched to Halley's comet. [1] * Johnny Guarnieri, jazz pianist (Morey Amsterdam Show), dies at age 67. [1]

855

* Saturn Corporation is founded as a "Different Kind of Car Company." [85] January 10 * The Sinclair C5 is launched at Alexandra Palace, Muswell Hill, North London. It is believed by Sir Clive Sinclair to be the best mode of personal transport. [85] * Daniel Ortega Saavedra inaugurated as President of Nicaragua. [1] January 13 * Carol Wayne, Johnny Carson's teatime movie hostess, dies at age 42. [1] * Cerebral Palsy telethon raises US$17,1000,000. [1] * Express train derails in Ethiopia, kills at least 428. [1] January 14 * Sixteen indicted by US for granting sanctuary to Central American refugees. [1] * British pound sterling sinks to record low: US$1.11. [1] * Jetta Goudal, French actress (White Gold), dies at age 86. [1] January 15 * Bollingen Prize for poetry awarded to John Ashbery and Fred Chapell. [1] * Tancredo Neves is elected president of Brazil by the Congress, ending 21 years of military rule. [1] [85] January 17 * British Telecom announces it is going to phase out its famous red telephone boxes. [85] January 18 * Mahmoud Taha, Sudanese Muslim leader, hanged at age 76. [1] * US renounces jurisdiction of World Court despite previous promise. [1] * Wilfrid Brambell, actor (Hard Day's Night, Boys), dies at age 72. [1] January 19 * Four die in a car and train crash in Buda, Illinois. [1] * Death of Eric Voegelin, philosopher of history, in Stanford, California (born in Cologne, Germany). [37] January 20

856

* Cold front strikes US, at least 40 die (-27 degrees F (-33 degrees C) in Chicago, Illinois). [1] * Jo Juda, Dutch musician, dies at age 75. [1] * U.S. President Ronald Reagan is privately sworn in for a second term in office (publicly sworn in January 21). [85] January 21 * -19 degrees F (-28 degrees C), Caesar's Head, South Carolina (state record). [1] * -34 degrees F (-37 degrees C), Mount Mitchell, North Carolina (state record). [1] * Barbara Cowsill, rocker (Cowsills), dies of emphysema. [1] * Bomb attack on Borobudur temple in Java. [1] January 22 * -30 degrees F (-34 degrees C), Mountain Lake Bio Station, Virginia (state record). [1] * Cold wave damages 90 percent of Florida's citrus crop. [1] * Kelly Hu, 16, of Hawaii, crowned third Miss Teen USA. [1] January 23 * Britains' House of Lords debate first televised. [1] January 24 * 15th Space Shuttle (51-C) Mission-Discovery 3 is launched. [1] January 26 * 42th Golden Globes: Amadeus wins. [1] * Edmonton Oilers' Wayne Gretzky scores 50th goal in 49th game of season. [1] * James Cameron, journalist, dies. [1] * In Mendoza Province, Argentina, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake occurs. Six people killed, at least 238 injured and about 12,500 homes destroyed or damaged. [53] January 27 * 15th Space Shuttle (51-C) Mission-Discovery 3 returns to Earth. [1] January 28 * In Hollywood, California, the charity single "We Are the World" is recorded by USA for Africa. [85] January 30

857

* Ken Mayers, actor (Robbie Robertson - Space Patrol), dies at age 67. [1] January 31 * Harrigan 'n Hart opens at Longacre Theater in New York City, New York for five performances. [1] * South African President PW Botha offers to free Nelson Mandela if he denounces violence. [1] February 1 * -61 degrees F (-52 degrees C), Maybell, Colorado (state record). [1] * -69 degrees F (-56 degrees C), Peter's Sink, Utah (state record). [1] * AM stereo broadcasting starts in Australia. [85] February 4 * 20 countries (but not US) sign United Nations treaty outlawing torture. [1] * Naval exercises canceled when US refuses to tell New Zealand of nuclear weapons. [1] February 5 * Australia cancels its involvement in U.S.-led MX missile tests. [85] February 6 * Charles Briggs, actor (13 Frightened Girls, Captain Newman), dies at age 53. [1] * Dandy Nichols, actress (Confessions of a Window Cleaner), dies at age 78. [1] February 7 * "New York, New York" becomes the official anthem of New York City, New York. [1] [85] * Albert Dondeyne, Belgian philosopher/theologist, dies at age 83. [1] February 8 * Marvin Miller, American actor (Michael Anthony of The Millionaire), dies at age 71 (born 1913). [1] [84] * Opposition leader Kim Dae Jung returns to South-Korea. [1] * Tom Greenway, actor (Miami Story), dies of a heart attack at age 75. [1] February 9

858

* Madonna's "Like a Virgin" album goes #1 for three weeks. [1] * U.S. drug agent Enrique Camarena is kidnapped and murdered in Mexico (his body is discovered March 5). [85] February 10 * -61 degrees F (-52 degrees C), Maybell Colorado (state record). [1] * Space shuttle Challenger moves to Vandenberg Air Force Base for mating of STS 51E mission. [1] * Nelson Mandela rejects an offer of freedom from the South African government. [85] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] February 11 * Heinz Eric Roemheld, composer, dies of pneumonia at age 83. [1] * Henry Hathaway, actor/director (Nob Hill), dies of heart attack at age 86. [1] * Jordan king Hussein and Palestinian Liberation Organization leader Arafat sign accord. [1] * Ulysses Simpson Kay, composer, dies at age 68. [1] February 12 * Nicholas Colssanto, actor (Coach - Cheers), dies at age 61. [1] February 13 * Polish police arrest seven Solidarity leaders. [1] February 14 * Hostage CNN reporter Jeremy Levin is released in Beirut, Lebanon. [1] [85] February 15 * STS 51-E vehicle moves to launch pad. [1] * World chess championship match abandoned-Karpov 25, Kasparov 23. [1] February 16 * Larry Ward, actor (Frank Ragan - Dakotas), dies at age 69. [1] * Israel begins withdrawing troops from Lebanon. [85] February 17 * Third person to receive an artificial heart (Murray Haydon). [1] * Wanda Perry, actress (Roberta, Death of a Salesman), dies at age 67. [1]

859

February 18 * Willy Alberti [Carel Verbruggen], Dutch singer, dies at age 58. [1] February 19 * 148 die when an Iberia Boeing 727 crashes into a TV mast near Bilbao, Spain. [1] [57] * ADM of Amsterdam declares bankruptcy. [1] * Canned and bottled Cherry Coke introduced by Coca-Cola. [1] * Elizabeth Julesberg, author (Dick and Jane), dies. [1] * George Holmes, actor (Man in the Trunk), dies at age 66. [1] * Disney's Mickey Mouse character welcomed in China. [1] * William Schroeder is first artificial heart patient to leave hospital. He spends 15 minutes outside Humana Hospital in Louisville, Kentucky. [1] [5] [85] February 20 * Clarence Nash, the voice of Disney's Donald Duck for over 50 years, dies of leukemia (born 1904). [6] [85] February 21 * Eric Herfst, Dutch cabaret performer (Floris), dies at age 47. [1] * Ina Claire, actress/comedienne (Three Broadway Girls), dies of stroke at age 92. [1] * Louis Hayward, actor (Lone Wolf, Survivors), dies of lung cancer at age 75. [1] February 22 * Alexander Scourby, actor (Victory at Sea, Ransom), dies at age 71. [1] * Efrem A Zimbalist, Russian/US composer/violinist, dies at age 95. [1] February 23 * Alexander Scourby, actor (Jesus, Shaggy Dog, Giant), dies at age 71. [1] * US Senate confirms Edwin Meese III as Attorney General. [1] February 24 * Birendra, Bir Bikram Shah Dev crowned King of Nepal. [1] February 26 * 27th Grammy Awards: "What's Love Got to Do With It", Cyndi Lauper win. [1]

860

February 27 * David Huffman, actor (FIST, Jane Doe, Firefox, Onion Field), dies. [1] * Farmers converge in Washington to demand economic relief. [1] * Henry Cabot Lodge, Senator-Republican/diplomat dies at age 82. [1] * J Pat O'Malley, actor (My Favorite Martian, Maude), dies at age 83. [1] * Mauritania's new constitutional charter published. [1] February 28 * The Provisional Irish Republican Army carries out a mortar attack on the Royal Ulster Constabulary police station at Newry, killing nine officers in the highest loss of life for the RUC on a single day. [85] * Charita Bauer, actress (Mary - Aldrich Family), dies at age 62 in New York City, New York. [1] March 1 * Eugene List, US concert pianist, dies at age 66. [1] * Pentagon accepts theory that atomic war would cause a nuclear winter. [1] March 2 * Sir Michael Redgrave, actor/writer dies at age 77 of Parkinson's disease. [1] * US approves screening test for AIDS. [1] March 3 * Offshore Valparaiso, Chile, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake occurs. At least 177 people killed, 2,575 injured and extensive damage in central Chile. [53] * Moonlighting TV show with Cybill Shepard and Bruce Willis premieres. [1] * National Union of Mine Workers in England end a 51-week strike. [1] * Sarah Blanding, first US female college head (Vassar 1946-64), dies at age 86. [1] March 4 * STS 51-E vehicle rolls back to Vandenberg Air Force Base; mission cancelled. [1] * Virtual ban on leaded gas ordered by EPA. [1] * War veterans returned to the Bridge over the River Kwai. [1] * The Food and Drug Administration approves a blood test for AIDS, used since then to screen all blood donations in the United States. [85] March 6 * Eric Sloane, US artist, dies at age 80. [1] * Mexican authorities find body of US drug agent Enrique C Salaazar. [1]

861

* Yul Brynner appears in his 4,500th performance of King and I. [1] March 7 * George Schick, Czechoslovakian conductor (Chicago Symphony), dies at age 76. [1] * IBM-PC DOS Version 3.1 (update) released. [1] * Robert W Woodruff, CEO (Coca-Cola), dies at age 95. [1] * Victor W Farris, inventor of paper milk carton, dies. [1] March 8 * A car bomb planted in Beirut targetting the Islamic cleric Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah kills more than 80 people, and injures 200. [85] * Thomas Creighton, US heart patient (3 implants in 46 hours), dies at age 33. [1] March 9 * Edward Andrews, actor (Broadside, Harry - Supertrain), dies at age 70. [1] March 10 * French socialists lose election (National Front 9 percent). [1] * Konstantin Chernenko, party leader/President of USSR (1984-85), dies at age 73 (born 1911). [1] [84] March 11 * Mikhail S Gorbachev replaces Konstantin Chernenko as General Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party. [1] [85] * Mohammed Al Fayed buys the London-based department store company Harrods. [85] March 12 * Eugene Ormandy [Blau], Hungarian/US conductor, dies at age 85 (born 1899). [1] [84] March 13 * Funeral services held for Konstantin Chernenko (Moscow). [1] March 14 * 11th People's Choice Awards: Bill Cosby wins four awards. [1] March 15

862

* US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * Vice-president Jose Sarney takes oath as the first civilian president of Brazil in 21 years, as the elected president Tancredo Neves had become severely ill on the day before. [85] March 16 * In Leeward Islands, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake occurs. [53] * Associated Press newsman Terry Anderson is taken hostage by Islamic militants in Beirut, Lebanon. (He is eventually released on December 4, 1991.) [1] [85] [129] * B V A Röling, Dutch lawyer (WWII Tokyo trials), dies at age 78. [1] * Roger Huntington Sessions, US composer (Black Masks), dies at age 88. [1] March 17 * Near the coast of Central Chile, a magnitude 6.6 earthquake occurs. [53] March 18 * In Mindanao, Philippine Islands, a magnitude 6.5 earthquake occurs. [53] * Capital Cities Communications Inc acquires ABC. [1] * Jack Miller, orchestra leader (Kate Smith Evening Hour), dies at age 89. [1] March 19 * In Bolivia, a magnitude 5.5 earthquake occurs. [53] * Spin Magazine begins publishing. [1] * US Senate votes 55-45, to authorize production of the MX missile. [1] March 21 * Canadian paraplegic athlete and humanitarian Rick Hansen begins his circumnavigation of the globe in a wheelchair in the name of spinal cord injury medical research. [5] * Bloodbath at Langa (Uitenhage) South Africa, 19 killed. [1] * Michael Redgrave, English actor (Goodbye Mr Chips, Mr Arkadin), dies at age 77 (born 1908). [1] [85] * Salvador Ley, composer, dies at age 78. [1] March 22 * NASA launches Intelsat VA. [1] March 23

863

* Anton Constandse, Dutch anarchist/writer, dies at age 85. [1] * Space shuttle Discovery moves to Vandenberg Air Force Base for mating of STS 51D mission. [1] * Patricia Roberts Harris (Representative-Democrat) dies at age 60. [1] * Singing Nun [Janine Deckers] commits suicide in Belgium at age 52. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] March 24 * Golden Raspberry Awards presented to parody Oscar Awards (Bolero wins). [1] * Norwich City win the English League Cup at Wembley Stadium, beating Sunderland 1-0 in the final. [85] March 25 * The 57th Academy Awards ceremony is held in Los Angeles, California. Amadeus wins Best Picture, F Murray Abraham wins Best Actor, and Sally Field wins Best Actress. [1] [85] * Edwin Meese III becomes US Attorney General. [1] March 27 * Billy Dee Williams receives a star on Hollywood Walk of Fame. [1] March 28 * International Cometary Explorer measures solar wind ahead of Halley's Comet. [1] * Marc Chagall, Russian-born French painter, dies at age 97 (born 1887). [1] [85] * Nand Baert, Belgian radio/tv-host, dies at age 53. [1] * Neil Simon's Biloxi Blues premieres in New York City, New York. [1] * STS 51-D vehicle moves to launch pad. [1] March 29 * Christos Sartzetakis elected President of Greece. [1] * Death of Jeanine Deckers, Belgian nun and singer (born 1933). [85] March 30 * Harold Peary, actor (Herb - Blondie, Willy), dies of heart attack at age 76. [1] March 31 * 15th Easter Seal Telethon raises US$27,400,000. [1] * El Salvador's President José Napoleón Duartes Christian-Democrats win election. [1]

864

* Wrestlemania I debuts at Madison Square Garden in New York. Hogan and Mr T beat Piper and Orndorf. [1] [85] April 2 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] April 3 * French government adopts equal electoral system. [1] * Vic Elliot pockets 15,780 pool balls in 24 hours in London, England. [1] April 6 * US space shuttle Atlantis (OV-104) rollout at Palmdale. [1] * Sudan suspends constitution after coup under General Swarreddahab. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] April 7 * First live telecast of Easter Parade. [1] April 8 * Amdahl releases UTS/V, first mainframe Unix. [1] * India files suit against Union Carbide over Bhopal disaster. [1] * Death of J. Fred Coots, American songwriter (born 1897). [85] April 10 * US space shuttle Challenger moves to Vandenberg Air Force Base for mating of STS 51-B mission. [1] April 11 * Enver Hoxha, party leader/premier of Albania, dies at age 76 (born 1908). [1] [85] April 12 * 16th Shuttle Mission (51D)-Discovery 4 launched-with Senator Jake Garn. [1] April 13 * US space shuttle Atlantis ferried to Kennedy Space Center via Ellington Air Force Base, Texas. [1] * Ramiz Alia succeeds Enver Hoxha as party leader of Albania. [1]

865

April 14 * Alan Garcia wins elections in Peru. [1] * Jack C Burcham is 5th to receive "Jarvik 7" permanent artificial heart. [1] * Reginald Beane, pianist (Starlit Time, Once Upon a Tune), dies at age 63. [1] April 15 * US space shuttle Challenger moves to launch pad for 51-B mission. [1] * South Africa ends its ban on interracial marriages. [1] [85] April 16 * Scott Brady [Gerald Tierney], actor (Shotgun Slade), dies at age 60. [1] April 17 * Ilona Bodden, writer, dies. [1] April 18 * In Yunnan Province, China, a magnitude 5.8 earthquake occurs. Twenty-three people killed, 300 injured. [53] April 19 * 16th Space Shuttle Mission (51-D)-Discovery 4 returns to Earth. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] [85] April 21 * Bomb attack in NATO/AEG-Telefunken building in Brussels, Belgium. [1] * Rudi Gernreich, US designer (unisex look, invisible underwear, miniskirt), dies at age 62. [1] [37] * Tancredo Neves, President-elect of Brazil, dies at age 75 (born 1910). [1] [85] April 22 * Death of Paul H. Emmett, American chemical engineer (born 1900). [85] April 23 * Coca-Cola changes its secret flavor formula and releases New Coke. (The response is overwhelmingly negative, and the original formula is back on the market in less than 3 months.) [1] [85]

866

* Kent Smith, actor (Peyton Place, Invaders), dies at age 78. [1] * Sam J Ervin Jr (Senator-Democrat-North Carolina) dies at age 88. [1] April 24 * Pulitzer prize awarded to Carolyn Lizer for Yin. [1] * Sergei Yutkevich, Russian director, (Otello, Banya), dies at age 80. [1] * In Luzon, Philippine Islands, a magnitude 6.1 earthquake occurs. [53] April 25 * Murray Matheson, actor (Felix - Banacek), dies at age 72. [1] * Richard Haydn, British actor (Mutiny on the Bounty), dies at age 80. [1] * Roger Miller's musical Big River, premieres at Eugene O'Neill Theater New York City for 1005 performances. [1] * West German Parliament rules it illegal to deny the holocaust. [1] April 28 * The Australian Nuclear Disarmament Party (NDP) splits. [85] April 29 * 17th space shuttle mission (51-B)-Challenger 7 launched. [1] April 30 * France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island. [1] * George Pravada, Czechoslovakian actor (Felscher - Holocaust), dies at age 66 (born 1918). [1] [85] * Last edition of Brink Daily Mail / Sunday Express in South Africa. [1] May 1 * "Communist" bomb attack kills two firemen in Brussels, Belgium. [1] * US President Ronald Reagan ends embargo against Nicaragua. [1] May 2 * Microsoft introduces the Excel spreadsheet program for the Macintosh. Despite Lotus Development releasing Jazz four months before Excel ships, Excel quickly dominates the market, increasing sales of the Macintosh just as VisiCalc and Lotus 1-2-3 had done for their platforms earlier. [4] * Hal LeRoy, dancer/actor (Harold Teen), dies at age 71 after cardiac surgery. [1] * Milton S Eisenhower, US diplomat, dies at age 85. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1]

867

May 4 * The 30th Eurovision Song Contest takes place in Gothenburg, Sweden. [85] * Death of Clarence Wiseman, the 10th General of The Salvation Army (born 1907). [85] May 5 * Death of Sir Donald Bailey, British civil engineer (born 1901). [85] May 6 * 17th Space Shuttle Mission (51-B)-Challenger 7 lands at Edwards Air Force Base. [1] * Death of Julie Vega, Filipino child actress and singer (born 1968). [85] May 7 * Dawn Addams, actress (Alan Young Show, Star Maidens), dies at age 54. [1] May 8 * 20th Academy of Country Music Awards: Alabama and Judds win. [1] * Dolph Sweet, actor (Gimme a Break, Gil McGowan - Another World), dies of cancer at age 64. [1] * France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island. [1] * Karl Marx, German composer/conductor, dies at age 87. [1] * Death of Theodore Sturgeon, American writer (born 1918). [85] May 9 * Edmond O'Brien, American actor (Sam Benedict, Johnny Midnight), dies at age 69 of Alzheimer's disease (born 1915). [1] [85] May 10 * Space shuttle Challenger transports back to Kennedy Space Center via Kelly Air Force Base. [1] * In New Britain Region, a magnitude 7.3 earthquake occurs. Felt at Rabaul and strongly in many parts of Papua New Guinea. [53] * Death of Chester Gould, American cartoonist (Dick Tracy), at age 84 (born 1900). [85] (May 11 [1]) May 11

868

* Fire engulfs a wooden stand in the Valley Parade stadium in Bradford, England during a football match, killing 56. [1] [85] * Booby trap bomb kills 86 people in India. [1] * Garmt Stuiveling, literary (Ego and Echo), dies at age 77. [1] * Jorja Curtright, actress (Whistle Stop), dies of a heart attack. [1] * Madonna's "Crazy For You" single goes #1. [1] * Pope John Paul II arrives in Netherlands. [1] * The FBI brings charges against the suspected heads of the five Mafia families in New York City. [85] May 12 * Amy Eilberg is ordained in New York as first woman Conservative rabbi. [1] * Jean Debuffet, French painter/sculptor, dies (born 1901). [1] [85] May 13 * Laura Elena Martinez-Herring, 21, (Texas), crowned 34th Miss USA. [1] * Leatrice Joy, silent screen star, dies in Riverdale (Bronx) New York City, New York at age 91. [1] * Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Mayor Wilson Goode orders police to storm the radical group MOVE's headquarters to end a stand-off. The police drop an explosive device into the headquarters, killing 11 MOVE members and destroying the homes of 61 city residents in the resulting fire. [1] [85] May 14 * Mohammed Munir, Indonesian worker's union leader, executed. [1] * Selma Diamond, actress/comedienne (Selma-Night Court), dies of cancer at age 64. [1] * Northwest of Madagascar, a magnitude 6.4 earthquake occurs. [53] May 15 * An explosive device sent by the Unabomber injures John Hauser at University of California in Berkeley. [85] * Jackie Curtis, playwright/actor (Underground USA), dies of a drug overdose at age 38. [1] May 16 * Margaret Hamilton, American actress (Wicked Witch - The Wizard of Oz), dies from a heart attack at age 82 (born 1902). [1] [85] * Pope John Paul II arrives in Belgium. [1] May 17

869

* Hugh Burden, actor (The House in Nightmare Park), dies at age 72. [1] * Death of Abe Burrows, American songwriter, composer, and writer (born 1910). [85] May 18 * First remote location for TV show Nightline (South Africa). [1] * Tex Terry, actor (Apache Rose, Timberjack), dies at age 82. [1] May 20 * Dow Jones industrial average closes above 1300 for first time. [1] * FBI arrests John A Walker Jr, convicted of spying for USSR. [1] * George Memmoli, actor (Earl - Hello Larry), dies at age 46. [1] * Israel exchanges 1150 Lebanese/Palestinian prisoners for three Israeli soldiers. [1] * US begins broadcasts to Cuba on Radio Marti. [1] May 21 * Birth of Frustaci Septuplets in California, Patricia Frustaci gives birth to seven. [1] May 22 * US sailor Michael L Walker arrested for spying for USSR. [1] * Death of Wolfgang Reitherman, American animator (born 1909). [85] May 23 * Thomas Patrick Cavanagh is sentenced to life in prison for attempting to sell stealth bomber secrets to the Soviet Union. [85] May 24 * James Bond film View to a Kill premieres in US. [1] * Ferry flight, space shuttle Enterprise (OV-101) from Vandenberg Air Force Base to Edwards Air Force Base California. [1] May 25 * Bangladesh is hit by a tropical cyclone and storm surge, which kills approximately 10,000 people. [1] [85] * Harold Hecht, choreographer, dies at age 77 of cancer. [1] * Robert Nathan, US writer/poet (Portrait of Jennie), dies at age 91. [1] May 26

870

* Explosions destroy two tankers off of Gibraltar, 30 die. [1] May 27 * Britain agrees to return Hong Kong to China in 1997. [1] * Inaugural bands parade for US President Ronald Reagan. [1] * Kay Campbell, actress (All My Children), dies at age 80. [1] May 28 * David Jacobsen taken hostage in Beirut, Lebanon. [1] May 29 * Madge West, actress (Grandma - McLean Stevenson Show), dies at age 93. [1] May 31 * 41 Tornados in Pennsylvania, Ohio, New York, and Ontario, Canada kill 41 and injure more than 1,000. [1] [85] * Guatemala adopts constitution. [1] June 1 * Richard Greene, actor (Adventures of Robin Hood), dies at age 67. [1] June 4 * STS 51-G vehicle moves to the launch pad. [1] * US Supreme Court strikes down Alabama "moment of silence" law. [1] June 6 * The body of Dr. Joseph Mengele is exhumed from a grave in South America to confirm his identity. [1] [37] * Soyuz T-13 carries two cosmonauts to Salyut 7 space station. [1] June 9 * American Thomas Sutherland is kidnapped and held hostage in Lebanon. [1] June 10 * Claus von Bulow acquitted on charges he tried to murder his wife. [1] * Coca Cola announces they would bring back their 99-year-old formula. [1] * George Chandler actor (Lassie), dies of Alzheimer's disease at age 87. [1]

871

June 11 * Karen Ann Quinlan, American right-to-die activist, dies in Morris Plains, New Jersey at age 31 (born 1954). [1] [85] June 12 * Death of Hua Luogeng, Chinese mathematician (born 1910). [85] June 13 * In Auburn, Washington, police defuse a Unabomber bomb sent to Boeing. [85] June 14 * TWA Flight 847, carrying 153 passengers from Athens, Greece to Rome, Italy, is hijacked by a Hezbollah fringe group. One passenger, U.S. Navy Petty Officer Robert Stethem, is killed. [1] [85] June 15 * En route to Halley's Comet, USSR's Vega 2 drops lander on Venus. [1] * Death of Andy Stanfield, American athlete (born 1927). [85] June 17 * 18th Space Shuttle Mission (51-G)-Discovery 5 launched. [1] * John Hendricks launches the Discovery Channel in the United States. [85] June 21 * It is confirmed by American, German, and Brazilian forensic pathologists that the body exhumed in Brazil on June 6 is, indeed, that of the Nazi Doctor, Josef Mengele. [1] [37] June 23 * Air India Flight 182, a Boeing 747, blows up 31,000 feet (9,500 m) above the Atlantic Ocean, south of Ireland, killing all 329 aboard. [1] [85] June 24 * 18th Space Shuttle Mission (51-G) - Discovery 5 - returns to Earth. Payload Specialist Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud completes being the first Arab and first Muslim in space. [1] [5] [85]

872

* Space shuttle Challenger moves to Vandenberg Air Force Base for mating of STS 51F. [1] June 25 * Irish police foil an Irish Republican Army-sponsored 'mainland bombing campaign' which targeted luxury vacationing resorts, arresting 13 suspects. [85] * Fireworks factory near Hallett, Oklahoma explodes (21 die). [1] June 26 * Walt Disney World Resort Monorail Gold catches fire on the EPCOT beam around 9:00pm due to friction from a flat tire. [85] June 27 * Route 66 in the USA is officially decommissioned. [85] June 28 * Space shuttle Discovery is ferried back to Kennedy Space Center via Bergstrom Air Force Base, Texas. [1] * James Craig, actor, dies of lung cancer at age 74. [1] June 29 * NASA launches Intelsat VA. [1] * STS 51-F vehicle moves to the launch pad. [1] July 2 * European Space Agency launches Giotto to Halley's Comet. [1] * Proto launched to Halley's Comet. [1] July 3 * CBS announces a 21 percent stock buy-back to thwart Ted Turner's takeover. [1] * In the New Britian region, a magnitude 7.4 earthquake occurs. [53] July 4 * Ruth Lawrence, 13, achieves a first in mathematics at Oxford University, becoming the youngest British person ever to earn a first-class degree and the youngest known graduate of Oxford University. [85] July 5

873

* Marion Byron, actress, dies at age 73. [1] July 7 * Patti McCarty, actress, dies at age 64. [1] July 8 * Phil Foster, comedian (Frank De Fazio - Laverne and Shirley), dies at age 72. [1] July 9 * Rafael Campos, actor (Ramon - Rhoda, Sancho - V), dies of cancer at age 49. [1] * Death of Jimmy Kinnon, Scottish founder of Narcotics Anonymous (born 1911). [85] July 10 * Coca-Cola Company announces it will resume selling old formula Coke. [1] * French DGSE agents sink Greenpeace's Rainbow Warrior ship in Auckland harbor, New Zealand. [1] [85] July 11 * Refurbished space shuttle Columbia moves overland from Palmdale to Dryden. [1] July 12 * Doctors discover a cancerous growth in US President Ronald Reagan's colon. [1] * STS 51-F launch scrubbed at T -3s because of main engine shutdown. [1] July 13 * U.S. Vice President George H.W. Bush serves as Acting President for eight hours, while President Ronald W. Reagan undergoes colon cancer surgery. [85] * Live Aid rock concert is staged in London, Philadelphia, Moscow and Sydney. Over £50 million is raised for famine relief in Ethiopia. [1] [85] July 14 * Space shuttle Columbia returns to Kennedy Space Center via Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska. [1] * Last USFL game-Baltimore Stars defeats Oakland Invaders, 28-24. [1] July 15

874

* James Vollandt plays arcade game Joust for over 67 hours on one coin, (with four 20minute breaks) a world record for any arcade video game. His record high score is 107,216,700. [9] July 16 * F-86 Sabre sets world aircraft speed record of 1152 kph (716 mph). [1] * Wayne King, orchestra leader (Wayne King Show), dies at age 84. [1] * Death of Heinrich Böll, German writer (Nobel Prize for Literature 1972), near Bonn, Germany (born 1917). [37] [85] July 17 * Margo, actress, dies at age 68 of a brain tumor. [1] July 19 * U.S. Vice President George H.W. Bush announces that New Hampshire teacher Christa McAuliffe will become the first schoolteacher to ride aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger. [1] [85] * The Val di Stava Dam in Italy collapses. [85] * Death of Janusz A. Zajdel, Polish writer (born 1938). [85] July 20 * Walt Disney World welcomes its 200-millionth guest, Virgil Waytes, Jr. [6] * The main ship wreck site of the Spanish galleon Nuestra Señora de Atocha (which sank in 1622) is found 40 miles off the coast of Key West, Florida by treasure hunters who begin to excavate US$400 million in coins and silver. [1] [85] July 21 * Mickey Shaughnessy, actor (Chicago Teddy Bears), dies at age 65. [1] * Vicki Vola, actress (Miss Miller - Mr District Attorney). [1] July 23 * Kay Kyser (James King Kern Kyser), US bandleader, dies. [1] * Commodore International introduces the Amiga 1000 computer. It features a Motorola 68000 processor, custom color graphics and stereo sound processors, a multitasking, windowing operating system, 256 kB RAM, and 880 kB 3.5-inch disk drive. Price is US$1300. [4] (July 24 [85]) * Mickey Shaughnessy, actor, dies at age 64 of heart failure. [1] July 24

875

* Gandhi signs peace contract with Sikh leader Harchand Singh Longowai. [1] * Buena Vista releases the Walt Disney Pictures animated feature film The Black Cauldron to theaters. It cost over US$40 million to make. It is the first animated feature filmed in Technirama-70mm since Sleeping Beauty. It is the first Disney animated feature film to be given a "PG" rating. It also marks the studio's first use of computer-generated images in a feature film. It is the first film to use Animation Photo Transfer process. The film is based on The Chronicles of Prydain series by Lloyd Alexander. (North American theater gross receipts: US$21.5 million.) [6] July 25 * Spokeswoman for Rock Hudson confirms he has AIDS. [1] July 27 * Death of John Scarne, American magician and card expert (born 1903). [85] July 28 * Grant Williams, actor, dies of toxic poisoning at age 54. [1] July 29 * 19th Space Shuttle Mission (51-F)-Challenger 8-launched. [1] * James F Nolan, actor (Dante), dies of cancer at age 69. [1] * In Hindu Kush Region, a magnitude 6.6 earthquake occurs. [53] July 30 * Space shuttle Discovery moves to Vandenberg Air Force Base for mating of STS 51-I mission. [1] August 1 * Joseph Walker, cameraman, dies at age 92. [1] August 2 * Delta Air Lines Flight 191 crashes near Dallas, Texas, killing 137 people. [85] * Five die in a train crash in Westminster Colorado. [1] * Frank Faylen, vaudevillian, dies at age 79 of pneumonia. [1] * NASA launches space vehicle S-209. [1] August 5 * Flexible-wing glider altitude record (214,250 feet) set by Larry Tudor. [1]

876

August 6 * 19th space shuttle mission (51-F), Challenger 8, lands at Edwards Air Force Base. [1] * STS 51-I vehicle moves to the launch pad. [1] * In Bolivia, Víctor Paz Estenssoro is sworn in as president. [46.173] * In Hiroshima, Japan, tens of thousands mark the 40th anniversary of the atomic bombing of the city. [85] * Death of Forbes Burnham, President of Guyana (born 1923). [85] August 7 * Takao Doi, Mamoru Mohri and Chiaki Mukai are chosen to be Japan's first astronauts. [85] August 8 * Japan launches Planet A, a probe to Halley's comet. [1] * Louise Brooks, actress, dies of a heart attack at age 78. [1] August 10 * Kenny Backer, comedian, dies of a heart attack at age 72. [1] * Michael Jackson buys ATV Music (every Beatles songs) for US$47.5 million. [1] August 11 * Challenger flies to Kennedy Space Center via Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona. [1] August 12 * Japan Airlines Flight 123 crashes in Japan, killing 520 people. This is the worst single-aircraft disaster in history. [1] [85] * Death of Kyu Sakamoto, Japanese singer ("Sukiyaki"), killed in the crash of Japan Airlines Flight 123 (born 1941). [85] August 13 * Marion Martin, actress, dies at age 67. [1] August 14 * Gale Sondergaard, American actress, dies at cerebral vascular thrombosis (born 1899). [1] [85]

877

August 15 * In Hungary, a magnitude 4.9 earthquake occurs. [53] August 17 * Rajiv Gandhi announces Punjab state elections in India. [1] August 19 * Japan launches its second probe of Halley's Comet, Suisei. [1] August 20 * Hanspeter Beck of South Australia finishes a 3,875-mile, 51-day trip from Western Australia to Melbourne on a unicycle. [1] * Harchand Singh Longowai, Sikh leader, shot by Sikh extremists. [1] * Israel ships 96 TOWs to Iran on behalf of the US. [1] August 21 * Near the coast of Northern Peru, a magnitude 6.3 earthquake occurs. At least 100 people injured, 60 homes destroyed and damage to other buildings in the Chimbote area. Felt along the coast of Peru from Chiclayo to Chincha. [53] August 22 * Microsoft and IBM sign a joint-development agreement to work together on future operating systems and environments. [4] * Death of Paul Peter Ewald, German/American physicist, in Ithaca, New York (born in Berlin, Germany). [37] August 23 * In Southern Xinjiang, China, a magnitude 7.5 earthquake occurs. At least 71 people killed, 162 injured, about 15,000 homeless and about 85 percent of the buildings destroyed in the Wuqia-Shufu area. [53] August 24 * STS 51-I mission scrubbed at T -5m because of bad weather. [1] August 25 * Disneyland welcomes three-year old Brooks Arthur Charles Burr as the park's 250millionth visitor. [6]

878

* STS 51-I scrubbed at T -9m because of an onboard computer problem. [1] * Samantha Smith, American activist/actress (Elizabeth - Lime Street), dies at age 13 (born 1972). [1] [85] August 27 * 20th Space Shuttle Mission (51-I) - Discovery 6 - launched. [1] August 28 * Ruth Gordon, actress, dies at age 88 suffering a stroke in her sleep. [1] August 29 * US space shuttle Atlantis moves to launch pad for the 51-J mission. [1] * Evelyn Ankers, actress, dies at age 67. [1] * Patrick Barr, actor, dies at age 77. [1] August 31 * Night Stalker suspect that terrorized South California captured in East Los Angeles. [1] * Death of Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Australian biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1899). [85] September 1 * US-French expedition locates wreckage of RMS Titanic off Newfoundland, Canada. [1] [85] [117.44] September 3 * 20th Space Shuttle Mission (51-I) - Discovery 6 - returns to Earth. [1] September 4 * George O'Brien, actor, dies of a stroke at age 85. [1] * Isabel Jeans, actress, dies at age 93. [1] September 5 * John Howard replaces Andrew Peacock as Australian Federal Opposition Leader. [85] September 6

879

* Jane Frazee, singer/actress (Alice - Beulah), dies at age 67 of pneumonia. [1] * Midwest Express Airlines Flight 105, a Douglas DC-9, crashes just after takeoff from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, killing 31. [85] * Johnny Desmond, singer (Your Hit Parade), dies of cancer at age 65. [1] * Death of Little Brother Montgomery, American musician. [85] * Death of Isabel Cox-Meighen, wife of Canadian prime minister Arthur Meighen (born 1882). [85] September 7 * Death of Rodney Robert Porter, English biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1917). [85] September 8 * USA Weekend's first issue, appears in 255 newspapers. [1] * Seven die in a car and train crash in San Jose, California. [1] * Discovery flies back to Kennedy Space Center via Kelly Air Force Base. [1] * Death of John Franklin Enders, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1887). [85] September 9 * Death of Paul Flory, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1910). [85] September 10 * Alexa Kenin, actress (Mousie - Coed Fever), dies at age 23. [1] September 11 * International Cometary Explorer (ISEE 3) passes Giacobini-Zinner by 7900 km. [1] * Death of William Alwyn, English composer (born 1905). [85] September 12 * Flight readiness firing of space shuttle Atlantis' main engines; 20 seconds. [1] September 16 * Apple Computer co-founder Steve Jobs resigns as chairman of Apple Computer. [4] September 17 * Soyuz T-14 carries three cosmonauts to Salyut 7 space station. [1] * Death of Laura Ashley, Welsh designer (born 1925). [85]

880

September 19 * Allied Chemical (Allied Corp.) changes its company name to Allied-Signal Incorp. [228] * In Michoacan, Mexico, a magnitude 8.0 earthquake occurs. At least 9,500 people were killed, about 30,000 were injured, more than 100,000 people were left homeless, and severe damage was caused in parts of Mexico City and in several states of central Mexico. [1] [53] [85] * Death of Italo Calvino, Italian writer (born 1923). [85] September 21 * Near the coast of Guerrero, Mexico, a magnitude 7.6 earthquake occurs. Additional casualties and damage in the Mexico City area. Felt in many parts of central Mexico. Local tsunami recorded at Acapulco with maximum amplitude of 1.4 metres. [53] September 22 * Rock and country musicians participate in FarmAid in Champaign, Illinois. [1] * Death of Axel Springer, founder of Alex Springer Verlag publisher, in West Berlin, Germany. [37] September 23 * Mickey Simpson, actor, dies of a heart attack at age 72. [1] September 24 * Apollo Computer Inc. lays off 300 employees. [1] * Fastest English Channel crossing by a relay team set (15 hours 30 minutes). [1] September 25 * Akali Dal wins Punjab State election in India. [1] September 27 * Hurricane Gloria's 130 MPH wind hits the Atlantic coast. [1] * Lloyd Nolan, actor (Dr Chegley - Julia), dies of lung cancer at age 83. [1] September 28 * The shooting of Dorothy 'Cherry' Groce by the Metropolitan Police sparks race riots in Brixton, an area of South London, England. [85] * NASA launches Intelsat VA. [1]

881

September 29 * First of five cyanide-laced Tylenol victims dies. [1] September 30 * Death of Herbert Bayer, American advertising designer, in Montecito, California (born in Haag, Austria). [37] October 1 * Nintendo releases the Super Mario Bros. video game for the Nintendo Entertainment System in the US. (Total worldwide sales: 40.24 million.) [9] * The Israeli air force bombs Palestinian Liberation Organization Headquarters near Tunis, Tunisia. [85] * Death of E.B. White, American writer (born 1899). [85] October 2 * George Savalas, American actor, dies at age 58 (born 1924). [1] [85] * Rock Hudson, American actor (MacMillian and Wife), dies at age 59 of AIDS (born 1925). [1] [85] * Sidney Clute, actor (Lou Grant, Cagney and Lacey), dies at age 69. [1] October 3 * 21st Shuttle Mission (51J)-Atlantis 1-all-military flight launched. [1] * Charles Collingwood, newscaster (Chronicles), dies at age 68. [1] * Maurice Copeland, actor (Ralph-Those Young Charmings), dies at age 74. [1] October 4 * Shite Muslims claim to have killed hostage William Buckley. [1] * The Free Software Foundation is founded in Massachusetts, USA. [85] October 5 * In Northwest Territories, Canada, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake occurs. [53] October 6 * Death of Nelson Riddle, American bandleader (born 1921). [85] October 7

882

* 21st Space Shuttle Mission (51-J)-Atlantis 1 lands at Edwards Air Force Base. [1] * The cruise ship Achille Lauro is hijacked in the Mediterranean Sea by four heavily armed Palestinian terrorists. [1] [85] October 8 * Hijackers of Achille Lauro throw Leon Klinghoffer off the ship. [1] October 10 * US fighter jets force Egyptian plane carrying hijackers of Italian ship Achille Lauro to land in Italy; gunmen are placed in custody. [1] * Yul Brynner, American actor (King and I), dies of cancer at age 70 (born 1915). [1] [85] * Death of Orson Welles, American film director/actor (Citizen Kane), of a heart attack at age 70 (born 1915). [1] [85] October 11 * US space shuttle Atlantis returns to Kennedy Space Center via Kelly Air Force Base. [1] * US President Ronald Reagan bans importation of South African Krugerrand gold coins. [1] * In Guatemala, a magnitude 4.5 earthquake occurs. [53] * Tex Williams, country-western singer, dies at age 68 of cancer. [1] October 12 * US space shuttle Challenger moves to Vandenberg Air Force Base for mating of STS 61A mission. [1] * International Physicians for Prevention of Nuclear War receives Nobel Prize. [1] * Johnny Olson, American game show announcer (Price is Right), dies at age 75 (born 1910). [1] [85] October 13 * In Tajik SSR, a magnitude 5.9 earthquake occurs. At least 29 people killed, 80 injured and about 8,000 homeless in the Kayrakkum-Gafurov area. [53] October 15 * Shelley Taylor of Australia makes fastest swim ever around Manhattan Island: 6:12:29. [1] * US space shuttle Columbia carries Spacelab into orbit. [1] October 16

883

* US space shuttle Challenger vehicle moves to the launch pad for STS 61A mission. [1] * Claude Stroud, actor (Hobart-Ted Knight Show, Duke), dies at age 78. [1] * Intel introduces the 16 MHz 80386 processor. With a 32-bit data bus, it can directly address four gigabytes of memory. Processor speed is three to four million instructions per second. Intel spent $100 million developing the processor. [1] [4] October 18 * Nintendo releases the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) in the United States, in New York City. Special displays are set up in department, toy, and electronics stores. The NES comes with the Robotic Operating Buddy and the Zapper light gun. Price is US$125. Seventeen game cartridges are available with the launch of the game system. (Total sales over the product's lifetime reach 36 million.) [9] [85] October 22 * Death of Thomas Townsend Brown, American scientist (born 1905). [85] October 25 * Kosmos 1700 communications satellite placed in geostationary orbit. [1] * Morton Downey, singer (Star of the Family), dies at age 83. [1] October 27 * In Algeria, a magnitude 5.9 earthquake occurs. [53] * Thieves steal nine paintings, including five Monets and two Renoirs. [1] October 30 * 22nd Space Shuttle Mission (61-A)-Challenger 9-launched. [1] * Kirby Grant Hoon Jr., of Butte Montana, actor (Sky King), dies in an auto accident at age 74. [1] * The Dow Jones Industrial Average removes General Foods and American Brands Incorporated from its index, replacing them with Philip Morris Companies and McDonald's Corporation. [227] [228] October 31 * Death of Poul Reichhardt, Danish actor (born 1913). [85] November 1 * Nostalgia Television begins on cable. [1]

884

* Phil Silvers, comedic actor (Sergeant Bilko), dies at age 73 in his sleep. [1] * Death of Quick Draw Rick McGraw, American professional wrestler (born 1955). [85] November 5 * Mark Kaylor defeats Errol Christie to become middleweight boxing champion, after the two brawled in front of the cameras at the weigh-in. [85] * Death of Arnold Chikobava, Georgian linguist (born 1898). [85] * Death of Spencer W. Kimball, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (born 1895). [85] November 6 * 22nd Space Shuttle Mission (61A) -Challenger 9- lands at Edwards Air Force Base. [1] * Exploratory well at Ranger, Texas, explodes spilling 6.3 million gallons of oil. [1] * General Jaruzelski elected Poland's head of state. [1] November 7 * Colombian troops end 27-hour siege of Bogota's Palace of Justice. [1] November 8 * US space shuttle Atlantis moves to Vandenberg Air Force Base for mating of STS 61B mission. [1] November 9 * Gary Kasparov (USSR) beats Anatoly Kasparov, becoming World Chess Champion at age 22. [1] [5] * Helen Rose, costume designer, dies at age 81. [1] * Mary MacLaren, actress, dies at age 85 of respiratory problems. [1] November 11 * Space shuttle Challenger flies back to Kennedy Space Center via Davis-Monthan Air Force Base. [1] November 12 * US space shuttle STS 61-B vehicle moves to the launch pad. [1] November 13

885

* Nevado del Ruiz volcano erupts, killing an estimated 23,000 people in Colombia. [1] [85] * Death of William Pereira, American architect (born 1909). [85] * Death of George Robert Vincent, American sound recording pioneer (born 1898). [85] November 15 * In separate events, mail bombs kill two people in Salt Lake City, Utah. [85] November 17 * Jimmy Ritz of Ritz brothers dies of heart failure at age 81. [1] November 18 * Space shuttle Enterprise (OV-101) flies from Kennedy Space Center to Dulles Airport, Washington, DC, is and turned over to the Smithsonian Institution. [1] * Comic strip Calvin and Hobbes debuts in 35 newspapers. [85] November 19 * In Geneva, Switzerland, US President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet for the first time. [1] [85] * Stepin Fetchit, first black star, dies of pneumonia at age 83. [1] November 20 * Bill Scott, cartoon voice (Mr Peabody, Bullwinkle), dies at age 65. [1] * Microsoft ships Microsoft Windows for the IBM PC, for US$100. It is delivered two years after the initial announcement of the product. [4] November 22 * US space shuttle Columbia moves to the Vandenberg Air Force Base for mating with STS 61-C. [1] November 23 * EgyptAir Flight 648 jet, flown to Malta, is stormed by Egyptian commandos; 60 are killed by gunfire and explosions. [1] [85] * Retired US Central Intelligence Agency analyst Larry Wu-tai Chin is arrested for spying for China. [1] November 24

886

* Death of Big Joe Turner, American blues singer (born 1911). [85] November 26 * 23rd Space Shuttle Mission (61-B)-Atlantis 2-is launched. [1] * Ransom Sherman, comedian (Father of the Bride), dies at age 87. [1] * U.S. President Ronald Reagan sells the rights to his autobiography to Random House for a record US$3 million. [85] November 27 * Republic of Ireland gains consultative role in Northern Ireland. [1] November 29 * Gerard Hoarau, exiled political leader from the Seychelles, is assassinated in London, England. [85] December 1 * The Ford Taurus and Mercury Sable car models are released for sale to the public. [85] * US space shuttle STS 61-C vehicle moves to launch pad. [1] * South Africa's Cosatu union centre forms. [1] December 2 * Alex Courtney actor (Sword of Justice), dies. [1] * Philip Larkin [hermit of Hull] English poet, dies at age 63. [1] * Philipine Chief of Staff General Fabian speaks of B Aquino's murder. [1] December 3 * 23rd Shuttle Mission (61-B)-Atlantis 2-lands at Edwards Air Force Base. [1] * Sam Gillman, actor (Sam-Shane), dies at age 70. [1] December 4 * Les Miserables opens at Palace Theatre, London. [1] * French President Francois Mitterrand receives Polish leader Jaruzelski. [1] * Marcel Boereboom, Belgian musicologist, dies at age 83. [1] * US President Ronald Reagan appoints Vice Admiral John Poindexter as security adviser. [1] December 5

887

* Dow Jones Industrial Average rises above the 1500 level for first time. [1] * Christie's auctions off a bottle of 1787 Château Lafite Bordeaux for a record price of US$156,000 to Malcolm Forbes. It is later found to be a modern fake. [149.95] * Great Britain performs nuclear test. [1] December 6 * Burr Tillstrom, puppeteer (Kukla Fran and Ollie), dies at age 68. [1] * United Kingdom joins US Strategic Defence Initiative project. [1] December 7 * US space shuttle Atlantis returns to Kennedy Space Center via Kelly Air Force Base. [1] * Potter Stewart, 94th Supreme Court Justice (1958-81), dies in New Hampshire at age 70. [1] * Robert Graves, English writer/poet (King Jesus), dies at age 90 (born 1895). [1] [85] December 10 * Bill to balance the US federal budget passed by Congress. [1] * Junta leaders Videla and Massera sentenced in Buenos Aires, Argentina. [1] December 11 * General Electric acquires RCA Corp and its subsidiary, NBC. [1] December 12 * Arrow Air Flight 1285, a Douglas DC-8, crashes after takeoff in Gander, Newfoundland, Canada, killing 256, 248 of whom were U.S. servicemen returning to Fort Campbell, Kentucky from overseeing a peacekeeping force in Sinai. [1] [85] * Anne Baxter, American actress (Myra - Marcus Welby, Victoria - Hotel), dies at age 62 (born 1923). [1] [85] * Ian Stewart, Scottish keyboardist/road manager (Rolling Stones), dies at age 47 (born 1938). [1] [85] * NASA launches space vehicle S-207. [1] December 14 * Stanley G[rauman] Weinbaum, American science-fiction author (Red Peri), dies at age 85. [1] * US Foreign Minister George Shultz arrives in West Berlin. [1] December 15

888

* Michael Eisner and French Prime Minister Laurent Fabius sign a letter of intent to build a Disney theme park on 4400 acres at Marne-la-Vallée, twenty miles east of Paris, France. [6] December 16 * US space shuttle Challenger moves to Vandenberg Air Force Base for mating of STS 51-L mission. [1] * In New York City, Mafia bosses Paul Castellano and Thomas Bilotti are shot dead in front of Spark's Steak House, making hit organizer John Gotti the leader of the powerful Gambino organized crime family. [1] [85] December 17 * Otto Gotsche, writer, dies. [1] December 18 * United Nations Security Council unanimously condemns "acts of hostage-taking". [1] December 19 * Mary Lund is first woman to receive a Jarvik VII artificial heart. [1] * US space shuttle mission STS 61-C scrubbed at T -13 seconds because of solid rocket booster auxiliary power problem. [1] December 20 * Position of American Poet Laureate established (Robert Warren is first). [1] December 21 * ARCO Anchorage runs aground near Port Angeles, Washington. [1] * Heart's "Heart" album goes #1. [1] December 22 * US space shuttle STS 51-L vehicle moves to Launch Pad 39B. [1] * Death of D. Boon, American singer and guitarist (born 1958). [85] December 23 * In Northwest Territories, Canada, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake occurs. [53] * James Vance (20) and Raymond Belknap (18) commit suicide, sparking their families to sue rock group Judas Priest for subliminal messages. [1]

889

* Death of Ferhat Abbas, Algerian nationalist (born 1899). [85] December 24 * Right wing extremist David Lewis Rice murders civil rights attorney Charles Goldmark as well as Goldmark's wife and two children in Seattle, Washington. Rice suspected the family of being Jewish and Communist and claimed his dedication to the Christian Identity movement drove him to the crime. [85] December 25 * George Rhodes, orchestra leader (Sammy Davis Jr Show), dies at age 66. [1] December 27 * Dian Fossey, US naturalist (Gorillas in the Mist), found dead in Rwanda, murdered at age 53 (born 1932). [1] [85] * Terrorists kill 18 and wound 120 attacking El Al at Rome and Vienna airports. [1] [85] December 28 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * Warring Lebanese Muslim and Christian leaders sign peace agreement. [1] December 30 * IBM-PC DOS Version 3.2 released. [1] * President Zia of Pakistan ends martial law. [1] December 31 * King Hussein of Jordan and President Assad of Syria hold talks. [1] * Rick Nelson, American singer/actor (Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet), dies at age 45 (born 1940). [1] [85] * Sam Spiegel, Austrian-born Academy Award winning American film producer (Betrayal, On the Waterfront, The Bridge on the River Kwai, Lawrence of Arabia, The African Queen), dies at age 84. [1] [37]

890

1986 January 1 * Aruba becomes independent from neighbor island Curaçao (part of Kingdom of the Netherlands). [1] [84] * International Peace Year begins. [1] * Spain and Portugal become 11th and 12th members of Common Market (European Economic Community). [1] [37] [84] * Death of Alfredo Binda, Italian cyclist (born 1902). [84] January 2 * Una Merkel, US actress (Abraham Lincoln), dies at age 82. [1] January 3 * Jens Bjerre, composer, dies at age 82. [1] January 4 * Christopher Isherwood, British writer (Lions and Shadows), dies at age 81. [1] * Phil Lynott, lead singer and bassist of rock group Thin Lizzy, dies of overdose at age 34 (born 1949). [1] [84] January 6 * British Defense Secretary Michael Heseltine resigns. [1] * Impala Platinum fires 20,000 black mine workers in Johannesburg. [1] * Louis Lebeer, Dutch art historian, dies at age 90. [1] * US space shuttle mission STS 61-C scrubbed at T-31 seconds because of liquid oxygen valve problem. [1] January 7 * Death of Juan Rulfo, Mexican writer (born 1917). [1] [84] * M Rooi, editor-in-chief (New Rotterdam Daily), dies at age 79. [1] * Netherlands Bank issues 250 guilder notes. [1] * US President Ronald Reagan proclaims economic sanctions against Libya. [1] January 8 * US President Ronald Reagan freezes Libyan assets in the US. [1] * Willie McCovey is 16th elected to Baseball Hall of Fame in his first year. [1] * Yaroslav Seifert, Czechoslovakian poet (Nobel Prize 1984), dies at age 84. [1] * Death of Pierre Fournier, French cellist (born 1906). [84]

891

January 9 * After losing a patent battle with Polaroid, Kodak leaves the instant picture camera business. [84] January 10 * Joseph Kraft, US columnist, dies at age 61. [1] * Death of Jaroslav Seifert, Czech writer, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1901). [84] * Palau signs Compact of Free Association with US. [1] * Space shuttle STS 61-C mission scrubbed T -9 minutes because of bad weather at Kennedy. [1] January 11 * The Gateway Bridge, Brisbane officially opens in Queensland, Australia. [5] * First US black Lieutenant-Governor since reconstruction sworn in (Douglas Wilder of Virginia). [1] January 12 * 24th space shuttle mission STS 61-C Columbia 7 is launched with the first HispanicAmerican astronaut, Dr. Franklin Chang-Diaz. [1] [84] * Marcel Arland, French author (L'ordre, Lumière du Soir), dies at age 86. [1] January 13 * Abdel Fattah Ismail, President of South-Yemen (1969-80), murdered. [1] * Bloody coup overthrows government of South Yemen. [1] * NCCA institutes eligibility requirements based on college exams. [1] January 14 * Constitution of Guatemala takes effect. [1] * Donna Reed, American actress (Donna Reed Show, Dallas), dies of cancer at age 64 (born 1921). [1] [84] * Vinicio Cerezo becomes the second freely elected President of Guatemala since the US Central Intelligence Agency-sponsored coup in 1954. [1] * Walter Leblanc, Belgian painter, dies at age 53. [1] January 15 * HBO and Cinemax pay cable television services initiate scrambling their national satellite feeds. [5] * The Living Seas opens at World Showcase in EPCOT, Walt Disney World. [1]

892

January 16 * Police arrest three Irish Republican Army-terrorists in Amsterdam, Netherlands. [1] January 18 * 24th Space Shuttle (61-C) Mission - Columbia 7 - returns to Earth. [1] * Claire James, actress (Jack Armstrong), dies. [1] * New York Lotto pays US$30.5 million to one winner (numbers are 19-20-27-34-4146). [1] January 19 * Israeli premier Simon Peres visits Netherlands. [1] * The first virus program for the IBM PC appears, called the Brain. It infects the boot sector of 360 kB floppy disks. [4] [84] * Spain recognizes Israel. [1] January 20 * The first US federal Martin Luther King Day holiday, honoring Martin Luther King Jr., is observed. [1] [84] * The United Kingdom and France announce plans to construct the Channel Tunnel (railroad tunnel under English Channel). [1] [84] * Military coup in Lesotho under General-Major Lekhanya and premier Leabua Jonathan. [1] January 21 * Allison J Brown, 17, of Oklahoma, crowned fourth Miss Teen USA. [1] * Bomb attack in East-Beirut, 27 killed. [1] January 23 * First induction of Rock 'N' Roll Hall of Fame (Chuck Berry, James Brown, Ray Charles, Domino, Everly Brothers, Buddy Holly, Jerry Lee Lewis and Elvis Presley). [1] * Columbia returns to Kennedy Space Center via Davis-Monthan Air Force Base. [1] * Death of Joseph Beuys, West German avant-garde artist/politician, in Düsseldorf, Germany, at age 64. [1] [37] January 24 * 43rd Golden Globes: Whoopi Goldberg, Color Purple win. [1] * Gordon MacRae, American actor/singer (Oklahoma, Carousel), dies at age 64 (born 1921). [1] [84]

893

* L[aFayette] Ron[ald] Hubbard, American author (Dianetics, Death Quest) and founder of Scientology, dies at age 74 (born 1911). [1] [84] * South Yemen Premier Haydar Bakr al-Attas becomes interim-president. [1] * Voyager 2 space probe makes first fly-by of Uranus (81,593 km), finds new moons. [1] [84] January 25 * Ernst Schnabel, writer, dies at age 72. [1] * General Tito Okello's government flees Kampala, Uganda. [1] January 26 * Yoweri Museveni's rebel army conquerors Kampala, Uganda. [1] January 27 * 13th American Music Awards: Whitney Houston, Huey Lewis and Crystal Gayle. [1] * Lilli Palmer [Lillie Marie Peiser], German actress (Boys from Brazil, Kinder), dies at age 71 (born 1914). [1] [84] January 28 * 25th Space Shuttle mission (51L) - Challenger 10 explodes 73 seconds after liftoff. Killed are: Christa McAuliffe (teacher), Dr Judith Arlene Resnik, USAF Major Ellison S Onizuka Hawaii, USAF Francis R Scobee Washington, payload specialist Gregory B. Jarvis, USN Commander Michael J Smith, Ronald E McNair. [1] [84] * Angolan Unity Leader Jonas Savimbi visits Washington, DC. [1] January 29 * Leif Erickson, actor (John - High Chaparral), dies at age 74. [1] [5] * Yoweri Museveni sworn in as President of Uganda. [1] [84] * In southern Sumatra, Indonesia, a magnitude 5.0 earthquake occurs. [53] January 30 * Ticker Freeman, pianist (Dinah Shore Show), dies at age 74. [1] January 31 * In Ohio, a magnitude 5.0 earthquake occurs. [53] * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Down and Out in Beverly Hills to theaters. This is the first R-rated Disney Studios film. The film cost US$14 million to make. (Gross receipts in the US: US$62 million. This becomes Disney's most successful live-action film to date.) [6]

894

* Mary Lund of Minnesota is first female recipient of an artificial heart. [1] February 1 * Alva Myrdal, Swedish politician, diplomat, and writer, Nobel peace prize winner (1982), dies at age 84 (born 1902). [1] [84] * Dick James, Beatles' music publisher (1962-70), dies in London at age 58. [1] February 2 * Dalai Lama meets Pope John Paul II in India. [1] * Oscar Arias Sanchez elected President of Costa Rica. [1] February 3 * US President Ronald Reagan announces formation of Committee on Challenger Accident. [1] February 4 * Israeli fighters intercept Libyan airliner (passenger plane). [1] February 5 * Corazon Aquino and Ferdinand Marcos appear on Nightline TV show. [1] February 6 * William Collier, actor (Up the River, She's My Weakness), dies. [1] * Death of Frederick Coutts, the 8th General of The Salvation Army (born 1899). [84] February 7 * Armand Preud'homme, Flemish organist/lyricist, dies at age 81. [1] * Haiti's President-for-Life Jean-Claude Duvalier flees to France, ending 28 years of family rule; Henri Namphy becomes leader of Haiti. [1] [84] * Philippine Corazon Aquino defeats incumbent dictator Ferdinand Marcos but fraudulent returns give the election to Marcos. [1] February 9 * Halley's Comet reaches 30th perihelion (closest approach to Sun). [1] [84] * Haydar Bakr al-Attas appointed President of South Yemen. [1] February 10

895

* Brian Aherne, actor (Juarez, My Sister Eileen, Rosie), dies at age 83. [1] February 11 * Frank [Patrick] Herbert, American sci-fi author (Dune), dies at age 65 (born 1920). [1] [84] * Iran begins Fajr-8 offensive against Iraq. [1] * Human rights activist Anatoly Scharansky is released by the Soviet Union and leaves the country. [1] [84] * Death of Evelio Javier, Filipino politician, lawyer, and civil servant (born 1942). [84] February 12 * Guy Douglas Hamilton Warrack, composer, dies at age 86. [1] * Sid Stone, comedian (Milton Berle Show), dies at age 82. [1] February 15 * Ferdinand Marcos wins rigged Philippines presidential election. [1] February 16 * The French Air Force raids the Libyan Ouadi Doum airbase in northern Chad. [1] [84] * Howard Da Silva of Cleveland, Ohio, actor (Ben Franklin-1776), dies at age 76. [1] * Mário Soares (Socialist) elected Portugal's first civilian president. [1] * The Soviet liner Mikhail Lermontov runs aground in the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand. [84] February 17 * First Francophone Summit convenes at Versailles, France. [1] * Jiddu Krishnamurti, Indian philosopher (Kingdom Happiness), dies at age 90. [1] * Johnson and Johnson announces it no longer sells capsule drugs. [1] * Libyan bombers attack N'djamena Airport in Chad. [1] * Paul Stewart, actor (Opening Night, In Cold Blood, Window), dies. [1] February 19 * Adolfo Celi, actor (Thunderball), dies at age 63. [1] * James O Eastland (Senator-Democrat-Mississippi) dies at age 81. [1] * Jordanian King Hussein severs ties with Palestinian Liberation Organization. [1] * Paul Stewart, actor (Top Secret USA, Deadline), dies at age 77. [1] * US Senate ratifies United Nations' anti-genocide convention, 37 years after first passed by other nations. [1] [84] * USSR launches Mir space station into Earth orbit. [1] [5] [84]

896

February 20 * International Harvester changes its company name to Navistar International Corp. [228] * Francisco Paolo Mignone, composer, dies at age 88. [1] * Jacobus G Rietkerk, Dutch foreign minister (VVD), dies at age 58. [1] February 21 * Death of Helen Hooven Santmyer, American writer (born 1895). [84] February 24 * Texas Air buys Eastern Airlines for US$676 million. [1] * Voyager 2, first Uranus fly-by. [1] * Death of Tommy Douglas, Canadian politician and "Father of Medicare" in Canada (born 1904). [84] February 25 * 28th Grammy Awards: "We Are the World", Sade, Phil Collins win. [1] * Corazon Aquino becomes President of Philippines; former Philippines President Ferdinand E Marcos flees in defeat. [1] [84] * Iran conquerors Iraq peninsula Fao. [1] * Thousands of Egyptian military police riot, protesting against bad salaries, destroying two luxury hotels. [1] [84] February 27 * The United States Senate allows its debates to be televised on a trial basis. [84] * Death of Jacques Plante, Canadian hockey player (born 1929). [84] February 28 * European Economic Community signs "Special Act" for Europe free trade. [1] * (11:21 PM) While walking home with his wife from a movie, Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme is shot dead in Stockholm. (To date, his murder remains unsolved.) [1] [7] [84] * Death of Thomas Williams, British politician (born 1915). [84] March 2 * First million-dollar purse for a handicap race won at Santa Anita. [1] * Marcel Liebman, Belgian historian, dies at age 56. [1] * Protesters try to stop Land Rover motor company being sold to US. [1]

897

* Zafer Masri, mayor of Nablus, murdered. [1] March 3 * The first paper is published describing the Atomic force microscope, invented the previous year by Gerd Binnig, Calvin Quate and Christophe Berger. [84] March 4 * Henri Knap, Dutch journalist/writer, dies at age 75. [1] * Richard Manuel, Canadian rock vocalist/pianist (The Band), commits suicide at age 40 (born 1943). [1] [84] * Today tabloid launched (Britain's first national color newspaper). [84] (March 5 [1]) * Death of Howard Greenfield, American songwriter (born 1936). [84] March 6 * Adolph Caesar, actor (Club Paradise, Soldier's Story), dies. [1] * Georgia O'Keeffe, American painter (Flowers), dies at age 98 (born 1887). [1] [84] * USSR's Vega 1 flies by Halley's Comet at 8,889 km. [1] March 7 * Jacob K Javits (Senator-Republican-New York), dies in Palm Beach, Florida at age 81. [1] * South Africa emergency crisis in Brabant and Limburg ends. [1] March 8 * Four French TV crew members are abducted in west Beirut, Lebanon. [1] * Hubert Fichte, writer, dies at age 50. [1] * Japanese spacecraft Suisei flies by Halley's Comet, studying its ultraviolet hydrogen corona and solar wind. [1] [84] March 9 * 16th Easter Seal Telethon raises US$30,100,000. [1] * United States Navy divers find the largely intact but heavily-damaged crew compartment of the Space Shuttle Challenger; the bodies of all seven astronauts are still inside. [1] [84] * Ned Calmer, TV host (In the First Person), dies at age 78. [1] * Soviet probe Vega 2 flies by Halley's Comet at 8,030 km. [1] March 10

898

* Ray Milland, Welsh actor (Lost Weekend - Academy Award 1945), dies at age 81 (born 1907). [1] [84] March 11 * Japanese probe Sakigake flies by Halley's Comet at 6.8 million km. [1] March 13 * Alvaro Fayad Delgado, Colombian guerilla leader (M-19), dies. [1] * Microsoft shares first trade in public, for US$25.75 per share. The stock market estimates the company value at $661 million, making Bill Gates' holdings worth $390 million. [4] * Soyuz T-15 carries two cosmonauts to Soviet space station Mir. [1] * Irish racemare Dawn Run wins the Cheltenham Gold Cup at Cheltenham, England, becoming the first racehorse to complete the Champion Hurdle, Cheltenham Gold Cup double. [84] March 14 * Benno Ammann, composer, dies at age 81. [1] * Edith Atwater, of Chicago, Illinois, actress (Phyllis - Love on a Rooftop), dies at age 74. [1] * European Space Agency's Giotto flies by Halley's Comet (605 km). [1] * Jozef Kresanek, composer, dies at age 73. [1] March 15 * Funeral services held for Swedish Prime Minister Olaf Palme. [1] March 17 * Haemers gang robs gold transport in Belgium of 35 million Belgian francs. [1] * Hal Buckley, actor (John Quincy-OK Crackerby), dies at age 49. [1] March 18 * Bernard Malamud, US writer (Fixer, Natural), dies at age 71. [1] * US Treasury Department announces plans to alter paper money. [1] March 20 * 228 KPH gust of wind strikes Cairngorm (United Kingdom record). [1] * Jacques Chirac become Prime Minister of French government. [1] March 21

899

* August de Boodt, Belgian politician, dies at age 90. [1] March 22 * Charles Starrett, actor (Silver Streak, Jungle Bride), dies. [1] March 23 * 6th Golden Raspberry Awards: Rambo; First Blood Part II wins. [1] * Death of Moshe Feinstein, Orthodox Rabbi (born 1895). [84] March 24 * 58th Academy Awards: Out of Africa, William Hurt and Geraldine Page win. [1] * NASA publishes Strategy for Safely Returning the Space Shuttle to Flight Status. [1] * Sarah Cunningham, actress (Nurse Andrews - Trapper John MD), dies at age 67. [1] * Suriname army Captain Etienne Boerenveen arrested for cocaine smuggling. [1] * US and Libya clash in Gulf of Sidra. [1] March 25 * Walt Disney World welcomes the 500 millionth guest to enter a Disney park, Don McGrath. [6] * The 58th Academy Awards are held in Los Angeles, California, with Out of Africa winning Best Picture. [84] * US Supreme Court rules Air Force could ban wearing of yarmulkes. [1] March 26 * Bartlett Robinson, actor (Wendy and Me, Mona McCluskey), dies at age 73. [1] * Geffen records signs music group Guns and Roses. [1] March 27 * Cass Canfield, US publisher, dies at age 88. [1] * Disney-MGM Studio Tour ground breaking at Walt Disney World, Florida. [1] * A car bomb explodes at Russell Street Police headquarters in Melbourne, Australia, killing a police officer. [84] March 28 * Extremist Sikhs kill 13 hindus in Ludhiana, India. [1] * Victor J Lopez, actor (Chuey - Man From Atlantis), dies at age 39. [1] * Virginia Gilmore, actress (Jennie, Western Union), dies. [1]

900

March 29 * The Beatles' records officially go on sale in Russia. [1] * Harry Ritz, comedian/actor (Three Musketeers, On the Avenue), dies at age 79. [1] March 30 * James F Cagney, American actor (Public Enemy, Angels With Dirty Faces, Yankee Doodle Dandy), dies at his Stanfordville, New York farm at age 86 (born 1899). [1] [84] * John Ciardi, US poet/interpreter (Dante), dies at age 69. [1] March 31 * 167 die when Mexicana Airlines Boeing 727 crashes. [1] * Hampton Court palace in Surrey, England, destroyed by fire, one dead. [1] [84] * In Central California, a magnitude 5.7 earthquake occurs. [53] * Jerry Paris, director/actor (Jerry - Dick Van Dyke Show), dies at age 60. [1] * O'Kelly Isley, Amefican singer (Isley Brothers), dies of heart attack at age 48. [1] April 1 * US submarine Nathaniel Green runs aground in the Irish Sea. [1] * World oil prices dip below US$10 a barrel. [1] April 2 * Four US passengers killed by bomb at Trans World Airlines counter in Athens Airport, Greece. [1] [84] April 3 * Peter Pears, English tenor (Death in Venice), dies at age 75 (born 1910). [1] [84] * Richard Manuel, rock pianist/vocalist (Band), dies on 41st birthday. [1] * US national debt hits US$2 trillion.. [1] April 4 * Frank Mortelmans, Belgian painter, dies at age 87. [1] April 5 * Two US soldiers and a Turkish woman killed, 230 injured, in West Berlin discotheque bombing. [1] [84] * Manly Wade Wellman, science-fiction author (Devil's Planet), dies at age 82. [1] * In Peru, a magnitude 5.3 earthquake occurs. At least 16 people killed, 170 injured and 2,000 houses destroyed in the Cuzco area. [53]

901

April 7 * Wrestlemania II at three locations, Hulk Hogan beats King Kong Bundy. [1] * Death of Leonid Kantorovich, Russian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1912). [84] April 8 * Actor Clint Eastwood elected mayor of Carmel, California. [1] * Death of Yukiko Okada, Japanese idol singer (born 1967). [84] April 9 * Jean Mogin, Belgian poet, dies at age 64. [1] April 10 * Benazir Bhutto returns to Pakistan. [1] * Joseph P Addabbo, US defence specialist/(Senator-Democrat), dies at age 61. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] April 11 * A Canadian 1921 50-cent piece is sold at auction in New York City for US$22,000. [1] * Dodge Morgan completes nonstop sail solo around the world in 150 days. [1] * Halley's Comet makes closest approach to Earth this trip, 63 million km. [1] April 12 * 20,000 mine workers protest closing of Hasselt Belgium mines. [1] * 16-year-old Steffi Graf wins her first professional tennis tournament. (Hilton Head). [37] April 13 * Pope John Paul II meets Rome's Chief Rabbi Elio Toaff at Rome synagogue. [1] [84] * Stephen Stucker, actor (Trading Places, Airplane), dies. [1] April 14 * 21st Academy of Country Music Awards: George Strait, Alabama, Reba McEntire. [1] * Desmond Tutu elected Anglican archbishop of Capetown, South Africa. [1] * Double-decker ferry sinks in stormy weather in Bangladesh killing 200. [1]

902

* Hailstones weighing 2.2 pounds (880 grams) fall on the Gopalganj district of Bangladesh, killing 92. [84] * Simone de Beauvoir, French feminist author (Deuxième Sexe), dies at age 86 (born 1908). [1] [84] April 15 * US aircraft attacks five terrorist locations in Libya; 15 deaths. [1] [84] * Jean Genêt, French playwright (Lesson Nègres), dies at age 75 (born 1910). [1] [84] * Sergei Nikolayevich Anokhin, cosmonaut, dies at age 76. [1] * Tim McIntire, actor (Bob Younger - Legend of Jesse James), dies at age 42. [1] April 16 * To dispel rumors he's dead, Moammar Qadhafi appears on TV. [1] April 17 * Bessie Head, writer, dies. [1] * IBM produces first megabit-chip. [1] * Netherlands and the Scilly Islands sign peace treaty (war of 1651). [1] [84] * Pulitzer prize awarded to Larry McMurtry for Lonesome Dove. [1] * An Irishwoman is found unknowingly carrying explosives onto an El Al flight from London, England to Tel Aviv, Israel. [84] * British journalist John McCarthy is kidnapped in Beirut (released in August 1991) three others are found dead; Revolutionary Cells (RZ) claims responsibility in retaliation for the U.S. bombing of Libya. [84] April 18 * Marcel Dassault [Bloch], French airplane builder, dies at age 94. [1] * Titan rocket explodes seconds after liftoff from Vandenberg Air Force Base. [1] April 19 * Alvin Childress, actor (Amos - Amos 'n' Andy), dies at age 78. [1] * Dag Ivar Wiren, composer, dies at age 80. [1] * Death of Aileen Britton, Australian actress (born 1916). [84] April 20 * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] April 21

903

* Geraldo Rivera opens Al Capone's secret vault on live TV show The Mystery of Al Capone's Vault and finds nothing inside. [1] [84] April 22 * Mircea Eliade, Romanian historian of religions and writer, dies (born 1907). [1] [84] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] April 23 * Grand Floridian Beach Resort groundbreaking at Walt Disney World, Florida. [1] * Harold Arlen [Hyman Arluck], American music composer, murdered at age 81 (born 1905). [1] [84] * Otto Preminger, Austrian-born film director (Advise and Consent, Anatomy of Murder), dies at age 79 (born 1906). [1] [84] April 24 * Bessie Wallis Warfield Simpson (wife of King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom, Duchess of Windsor) dies at age 89 (born 1896). [1] [84] April 25 * ETA bomb attacks Madrid killing 5. [1] April 26 * In Himachal Pradesh, India, a magnitude 5.5 earthquake occurs. Six people killed, about 30 injured and 85 percent of the houses damaged in the Dharmsala, India area. [53] * Bessie Love, actress (Broadway Melody, Isadora), dies at age 87. [1] * France performs nuclear test. [1] * In Ukraine, one of the reactors at the Chernobyl nuclear plant explodes, caused by pressurized steam in the cooling system during a maintenance test. 9 tons of radioactive material is released into the air. The nearby city of Pripyat is evacuated; the power plant is covered with 5000 tons of concrete. 31 are killed directly by the incident, some 5000 die from cancer in later years, many thousands more are exposed to significant amounts of radioactive material, and vast territories in Ukraine and Belarus are rendered uninhabitable. [1] [84] [255.62] * Death of Dechko Uzunov, Bulgarian painter (born 1899). [84] * [William] Broderick Crawford, American actor (Highway Patrol), dies at age 74 (born 1911). [1] [84] April 29 * 800,000 books destroyed by fire in Los Angeles Central Library. [1] * Seamus McElwaine, Irish Republican Army-terrorist, killed at age 25. [1]

904

April 30 * In Michoacan, Mexico, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurs. [53] May 1 * Soviet news agency Tass reports Chernobyl nuclear power plant mishap. [1] * Will Stegers expedition reaches North Pole. [1] * Death of Hylda Baker, English comedy actress (born 1905). [84] May 2 * Transportation Expo 86 opens in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. [1] [84] May 3 * Air Lanka crashes, killing 22. [1] * NASA launches Goes-G; it fails to achieve orbit. [1] * Robert Alda, American-born actor (Dan Lewis - Supertrain), dies at age 72 (born 1914). [1] [84] May 4 * President Babrak Karmal resigns as party leader of Afghanistan. [1] May 5 * In Turkey, a magnitude 5.9 earthquake occurs. Fifteen people killed, 100 injured and approximately 4,000 houses damaged. [53] * Jon William Haussermann Jr, composer, dies at age 76. [1] * Rui Coelho, composer, dies at age 94. [1] May 6 * Donald E Pelotte becomes first native American bishop. [1] * France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island. [1] May 7 * Gaston Deferre, French politician, dies at age 75. [1] * In Andreanof Islands, Alaska, a magnitude 7.9 earthquake occurs. Tsunami generated with observed wave heights up to 175 cm. [53] May 9

905

* Dirk de Vroome [Red Giant] Limbourg, activist, dies at age 60. [1] * Herschel Bernardi, actor (Lieutenant Jacoby - Peter Gunn, Arnie), dies at age 62. [1] * Tenzing Norgay, Tibetan climber (one of first pair to peak of Mount Everest 1953), dies at age 71 (born 1914). [1] [5] [84] May 10 * "Rock Me Amadeus" by Falco hits #1 on United Kingdom pop chart. [1] May 11 * Death of Henry P. McIlhenny, American art collector, socialite, philanthropist. and the chairman of the Philadelphia Art Museum (born 1910). [84] May 12 * Elisabeth Bergner, Austrian actress, dies at age 85 (born 1897). [1] [84] * US President Ronald Reagan appoints Dr James C Fletcher NASA Administrator. [1] May 13 * In the Georgia-Turkey border region, a magnitude 5.7 earthquake occurs. [53] May 14 * Institute for War documents publishes Anne Frank's complete diary. [1] May 15 * Argentine ex-President Galtieri sentenced to 12 years. [1] * Theodore H White, American journalist (Making of President, Pulitzer), dies at age 71 (born 1958). [1] [84] May 16 * Film Top Gun premieres in theaters. [1] * Joaquín Balaguers PRSC wins Dominican Republic parliamentary election. [1] * South African President P W Botha sends Coetsee to visit Mandela. [1] * The Seville Statement on Violence is adopted by an international meeting of scientists, convened by the Spanish National Commission for UNESCO, in Seville, Spain. [84] May 17 * Chicken Song by Spitting Image hits #1 on the United Kingdom pop chart. [1]

906

May 18 * John Bubbles Sublett, tap dancer (Black and Bubbles), dies at age 84. [1] * South African army occupies Botswana, Zimbabwe and Zambia. [1] May 19 * Anti-apartheid activist Hélène Pastoors sentenced to 10 years in South Africa. [1] * Death of Jimmy Lyons, American musician (born 1931). [84] May 20 * Bernard Naylor, composer, dies at age 78. [1] * Christy Fichtner, 23, (Texas), crowned 35th Miss USA. [1] * Flintstones 25th Anniversary Celebration airs on CBS-TV. [1] * Willem Pée, Belgian linguistic, dies at age 83. [1] May 21 * Atlanta Brave Rafael Ramirez hits four doubles in a game. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] May 22 * Martin Gabel, actor (Thief, Marnie), dies at age 63. [1] May 23 * Sterling Hayden, American actor (Blue and Gray), dies at age 70 (born 1916). [1] [84] * US and West Europeans veto heavier sanctions against South Africa. [1] May 24 * Gunnar Björnstrand, actor (7th Seal, Devil's Eye), dies at age 76. [1] * Margaret Thatcher becomes first British Prime Minister to visit Israel. [1] * Reginald Huffstetler treds water for 985 hours. [1] * Stephen D Thorne, Lieutenant Commander USN/astronaut, dies in a plane crash at age 33. [1] * Yakima Canutt, actor/director (Diary of a Young Comic), dies at age 91. [1] May 25 * Chester Bowles, American senator/ambassador, dies at age 85 (born 1901). [1] [84] * Bangladeshi double decked ferry Shamia sinks on Maghna River, Bangladesh; 600 killed. [1] [84]

907

* Hands Across America - 7 million people hold hands from California to New York, to raise money to fight hunger and homelessness. [1] [5] [84] * Virgilio Barco elected President of Colombia. [1] * In Indianapolis, Indiana, the 70th Indianapolis 500 race is held. An unmodified production yellow 1986 Corvette convertible is the official pace car, driven by retired Air Force General Chuck Yeager. The car is given to the race winner, Bobby Rahal. [8] May 26 * The European Community adopts the European flag. [84] * Death of Gian-Carlo Coppola, American film producer (born 1963). [84] May 27 * France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island. [1] * Gaston Duribreux, Flemish writer (Sour Dove), dies at age 82. [1] * In Japan, Enix releases the Dragon Quest video game for the Famicom. The game was written by Yuji Horii. (1.5 million copies are sold.) [9] * US President Ronald Reagan orderes two Poseidon-class submarines be dismantled. [1] May 28 * Democratic Labor Party wins parliamentary election in Barbados. [1] * Lurene Tuttle, actress (Father of Bride, Julia), dies at age 79. [1] May 29 * 59th National Spelling Bee: Jon Pennington wins spelling "odontalgia". [1] May 30 * Ariane-2 (ESA) launched. [1] * France performs nuclear test. [1] * Hank Mobley, US jazz saxophonist, dies at age 55. [1] May 31 * The 1986 FIFA World Cup begins in Mexico. [84] * Death of Jane Frank (Jane Schenthal Frank), American artist (born 1918). [84] * Death of James Rainwater, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1917). [84] June 2 * Regular TV coverage of US Senate sessions begins. [1]

908

June 3 * E F Helin discovers asteroid #3767. [1] * Patricia Wheel, actress (Christine - Woman to Remember), dies at age 42. [1] June 4 * Jonathan Pollard, spy for Israel, pleads guilty in US court to espionage for selling top secret United States military intelligence. [1] [84] June 8 * Former United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim is elected president of Austria. [37] [84] June 9 * The Rogers Commission report on space shuttle Challenger disaster blames Morton Thiokol. [1] [84] June 11 * Near the coast of Venezuela, a magnitude 6.2 earthquake occurs. [53] * Paramount Pictures releases the film Ferris Bueller's Day Off to theaters in the USA. [4] June 12 * P W Botha declares South African national emergency. [1] * Tony Desimone, combo leader (Ernie in Kovacsland), dies at age 66. [1] June 13 * Benny Goodman, American jazz clarinet playing King of Swing, dies in New York at age 77 (born 1909). [1] [5] [84] * US President Ronald Reagan criticizes South African state of emergency. [1] June 14 * Alan Jay Lerner, Broadway librettist, dies in New York at age 67. [1] * Jorge Luis Borges, Argentine author, dies in Geneva, Switzerland at age 86 (born 1899). [1] [84] * Marlin Perkins, Wild Kingdom host, dies near Saint Louis, Missouri at age 81. [1] June 15

909

* Pravda announces high-level Chernobyl staff fired for stupidity. [1] June 16 * Death of Maurice Duruflé, French composer (born 1902). [84] June 17 * US Chief Justice Warren Earl Burger resigns; Antonin Scalia nominated. [1] * Kate Smith, American singer ("God Bless America"), dies in Raleigh, North Carolina at age 78 (born 1907). [1] [84] June 18 * 52 die in plane/helicopter collision over Grand Canyon. [1] * Death of Frances Scott Fitzgerald, daughter of F. Scott Fitzgerald and Zelda Sayre (born 1921). [84] June 19 * Murray P Haydon, artificial heart recipient, dies in Louisville, Kentucky. [1] * Death of Michel "Coluche" Colucci, French comedian and humorist (born 1944). [84] June 20 * Doctors at Bethesda Naval remove two small benign polyps from US President Ronald Reagan's colon. [1] * Tim Herbert, comedian (Dagmar's Canteen), dies at age 71. [1] June 21 * Death of Assi Rahbani, Lebanese composer, musician, conductor and author (born 1923). [84] June 24 * Guy Hunt elected first Republican governor of Alabama in 112 years. [1] * In Papua New Guinea, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake occurs. [53] June 27 * In referendum, Irish uphold ban on divorce. [1] * US informs New Zealand it will not defend it against attack. [1] * World Court rules US aid to Nicaraguan contras illegal. [1]

910

June 29 * Robert Drivas, actor (Our Private World), dies at age 47. [1] July 1 * Roy Poole, actor (Winds of War), dies at age 62. [1] July 2 * US Supreme Court upholds affirmative action in two rulings. [1] July 3 * Rudy Vallee, singer (Vagabond Dreams), dies at age 84. [1] July 4 * Death of Oscar Zariski, Russian mathematician (born 1899). [84] July 5 * (to July 20) Goodwill Games in Moscow. [84] July 6 * Death of Jagjivan Ram, Indian politician (born 1908). [84] July 7 * IBM-PC DOS Version 3.2 (updated) released. [1] * US Supreme Court strikes down Gramm-Rudman deficit-reduction law. [1] * Australian drug smugglers Kevin Barlow and Brian Chambers executed in Malaysia. [84] July 8 * U.S. Steel changes its company name to USX Corporation. [228] * Farthest thrown object-an "Aerobie" flying ring, 383 metres (1,257 feet). [1] * NASA establishes Safety, Reliability Maintain and Quality Assurance standards for space shuttle program. [1] * In North Palm Springs, California, a magnitude 6.1 earthquake occurs. [53] * Death of Hyman Rickover, American admiral (born 1900). [84] * Death of Skeeter Webb, baseball player (born 1909). [84]

911

July 11 * Death of Frances Griffiths, Cotingley Fairies girl (born 1907). [84] July 13 * In the California - Mexico border region, a magnitude 5.3 earthquake occurs. [53] July 14 * Richard W Miller became first FBI agent convicted of espionage. [1] * Death of Raymond Loewy, French-born industrial designer (born 1893). [84] July 15 * Benny Rubin, actor/comedian (Benny Rubin Show), dies at age 87. [1] * Florence Halop, actress (Florence-Night Court), dies at age 63. [1] * Death of Billy Haughton, American harness driver and trainer (born 1923). [84] July 18 * Videotapes released showing Titanic's sunken remains. [1] July 20 * Helen Craig, actress (Rich Man Poor Man), dies at age 74. [1] July 21 * In the California - Nevada border region, a magnitude 6.2 earthquake occurs. [53] * Virginia Hewitt, actress (Carol - Space Patrol), dies at age 60. [1] * Death of Ernest Maas, American screenwriter (born 1892). [84] July 22 * House of Representatives impeaches Judge Harry E Claiborne on tax evasion. [1] July 23 * In London, Prince Andrew, Duke of York, marries Sarah Ferguson at Westminster Abbey. [1] [84] July 24 * San Francisco Federal jury convicts navy radioman Jerry Whitworth of espionage. [1]

912

* Death of Fritz Albert Lipmann, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1899). [84] July 25 * Vincente Minnelli, American film director, dies in Los Angeles at age 76 (born 1903). [1] [84] July 26 * Averell Harriman, statesman, dies in Yorktown Heights, New York at age 94. [1] * Lebanese kidnappers released Reverend Lawrence Martin Jenco. [1] July 27 * Leroy Holmes, orchestra leader (The Tonight Show, 1956-57), dies at age 72. [1] July 28 * NASA releases transcript from doomed Challenger, pilot Michael Smith. [1] August 2 * Death of Roy Cohn, American lawyer and anti-Communist (born 1927). [84] August 6 * Australian Democrats' leader Don Chipp retires from federal parliament and is succeeded by Janine Haines, becoming the first woman to lead a political party in Australia. [84] * A low-pressure system moving from South Australia and redeveloping off the New South Wales coast dumps a record 328 millimetres of rain in a day on Sydney. [84] * William J Schroeder, second person to receive permanent artificial heart, dies at age 54 in Louisville, Kentucky, after 620 days with Jarvik VII man-made pump. [1] [84] August 15 * US President Ronald Reagan decides to support a replacement for the space shuttle Challenger. [1] * Nintendo releases the Metroid game for the Nintendo Entertainment System in the US. [9] August 16 * Madonna's "True Blue" album goes #1 for five weeks and her single "Papa Don't Preach," goes #1 for two weeks. [1]

913

* Death of Jaime Saenz, Bolivian poet, novelist, and short story writer (born 1921). [84] August 17 * Bronze pig statue unveiled at Seattle's Pike Place Market. [1] August 19 * Two weeks after it was stolen, the Picasso painting Weeping Woman is found in a locker at the Spencer Street Station in Melbourne, Australia. [84] * Hermione Baddeley, actress (Camp Runamuck, Maude), dies at age 79. [1] August 20 * Donn Bennett, TV host (The Big Idea), dies at age 76. [1] * In Edmond, Oklahoma, United States Postal Service employee Patrick Sherrill guns down 14 of his co-workers before committing suicide. [1] [84] * Walter Brooke, actor (DA Scanlon - Green Hornet), dies at age 71. [1] * Death of Milton Acorn, Canadian poet, writer, and playwright (born 1923). [84] August 21 * Lake Nios volcanic eruption in Cameroon releases poison gas, killing 1,746. [1] [84] August 22 * NASA announces tests designed to verify ignition pressure dynamics for the space shuttle. [1] August 25 * Allen Case, actor (Deputy, Legend of Jesse James), dies at age 51. [1] August 26 * Ted Knight, American actor (The Mary Tyler Moore Show), dies at age 62 (born 1923). [1] [5] [84] August 28 * US Navy officer Jerry A Whitworth sentenced to 365 years for spying. [1] August 30

914

* In Romania, a magnitude 6.9 earthquake occurs. Two people killed, 558 injured, and about 55,000 homes damaged, leaving more than 12,500 people homeless in the Kishinev-Kagul area, USSR. [53] August 31 * Aeroméxico Flight 498, a Douglas DC-9, collides with a Piper PA-28 over Cerritos, California, killing 67 on both aircraft and 15 on the ground. [1] [84] * Soviet passenger ship Admiral Nakhimov collides with merchant vessel Pyotr Vasev in the Black Sea and sinks almost immediately, killing 398. [1] [84] * The cargo ship Khian Sea departs from the docks of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, carrying 14,000 tons of toxic waste. (It will wander the seas for the next 16 months trying to find a place to dump its cargo.) [84] * Death of Urho Kekkonen, President of Finland (born 1900). [84] * Death of Henry Moore, British sculptor (born 1898). [84] September 1 * Murray Hamilton, actor (Rich Man Poor Man), dies at age 63. [1] September 2 * Cathy Evelyn Smith sentenced to three years for death of John Belushi. [1] September 5 * NASA awards study contracts to five aerospace firms. [1] * NASA launches DOD-1. [1] * Pan Am Flight 73, with 358 people on board, is hijacked at Karachi International Airport by four armed men of the Abu Nidal organization. [84] September 6 * TV series Casualty is first aired on BBC1 in the United Kingdom. [84] * In Istanbul, two Abu Nidal terrorists kill 22 and wound six inside the Neve Shalom synagogue during Sabbath services. [84] * USSR charges correspondent Nicholas Daniloff with spying. [1] September 7 * Desmond Tutu becomes Anglican Church bishop in South Africa. [1] [84] * Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet survives an assassination attempt by the FPMR; five of his bodyguards are killed. [84] * Death of Omar Ali Saifuddin III, Sultan of Brunei (born 1914). [84] September 9

915

* At the Palladium in Manhattan, New York, Compaq Computer introduces the Compaq Deskpro 386, the first 80386-based personal computer offered by a major computer manufacturer. The Model 40 features a 16 MHz Intel 80386 and 40 MB hard drive, for US$6449. The Model 130 has a 130 MB hard drive, for US$8799. [4] * New York City jury indicts Gennadly Zakharov (Soviet United Nations employee) of spying. [1] September 10 * Bryan O'Connor named chairman of US Space Flight Safety Panel. [1] September 11 * Dow Jones Industrial Average suffers biggest one-day decline ever, plummeting 86.61 points to 1,792.89. 237.57 million shares traded. [1] September 12 * The 3-D film Captain Eo, starring Michael Jackson, opens in the Magic Eye Theater in EPCOT Center at Walt Disney World. It cost over US$17 million to produce, making it the most costly movie to date, at about US$1 million per minute. Lucasfilm provided more than 150 special effects for the 17-minute movie. [6] * Frank Nelson, actor (Ralph - I Love Lucy, Jack Benny Show), dies at age 75. [1] * US professor Joseph Cicippio is kidnapped and held hostage in Beirut, Lebanon. [1] * Death of photojournalist, Ernst Haas, in New York (born in Vienna, Austria). [37] September 13 * In Southern Greece, a magnitude 5.7 earthquake occurs. At least twenty people killed, about 300 injured, 2,500 homeless and 1,500 buildings damaged or destroyed. [53] [84] * Kellye Cash (Miss Tennessee) crowned Miss America. [1] September 15 * Virginia Gregg, actress (Little Women), dies at age 69. [1] September 17 * US Senate confirms William Rehnquist as 16th chief justice. [1] September 18 * Motorola announces the Motorola 68030 microprocessor. It incorporates about 300,000 transistors. [4]

916

September 19 * US Federal health officals announce AZT will be available to AIDS patients. [1] September 21 * Cheryl Keeton is found dead in her van on the Sunset Highway (California), inspiring the novel Dead By Sunset. [84] September 25 * Death of Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov, Russian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1896). [84] September 26 * Antonin Scalia becomes a US Supreme Court Justice. [1] * William Rehnquist becomes Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court. [1] September 27 * US Senate joins House of Representatives voting for sweeping tax reforms. [1] * Death of Cliff Burton, American bassist (Metallica) (born 1962). [84] September 29 * Betty Kean, actress (Amy Tucker - Leave it to Larry), dies at age 69. [1] * USSR releases US journalist Nicholas Daniloff confined on spy charges. [1] September 30 * US releases Soviet spy Gennadiy Zakharov. [1] October 1 * U.S. President Ronald Reagan signs the Goldwater-Nichols Act into law, making official the largest reorganization of the United States Department of Defense since the Air Force was made a separate branch of service in 1947. [84] October 2 * Sikhs attempt to assassinate Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. [1] October 3

917

* Soviet Yankee-class submarine sinks off North Carolina, three die. [1] October 5 * London Sunday Times reports Israel is stocking nuclear arms. [1] * Death of James H. Wilkinson, English mathematician (born 1919). [84] October 9 * News Corporation completes its acquisition of the Metromedia group of companies, thereby launching Fox Broadcasting Company. [84] * US Senate convicts US District Judge Harry E Claiborne making him the fifth federal official to be removed from office through impeachment. [1] [84] October 10 * In El Salvador, a magnitude 5.5 earthquake occurs. At least 1,000 people killed, 10,000 injured, 200,000 homeless and severe damage and landslides in the San Salvador area. Felt strongly in parts of Guatemala and Honduras. [1] [53] [84] * Israel Prime Minister Shimon Peres resigns. [1] October 11 * US President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev open talks at a summit in Reykjavik, Iceland, to continue discussions about scaling back their intermediate missile arsenals in Europe (the talks break down in failure). [1] [84] October 12 * The Golden Horseshoe Revue show closes in Disneyland. It is the longest running show in history, at nearly 50,000 performances. [6] * Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh visit the People's Republic of China. [84] October 14 * Concentration camp survivor Elie Wiesel wins Nobel Peace Prize. [1] * Keenan Wynn, American actor (Dallas, Call to Glory, Last Precinct), dies at age 70 (born 1916). [1] [84] October 16 * Armand Hammer returns to US with Jewish refusenik David Goldfarb. [1] * US government closes down due to budget problems. [1] * Death of Arthur Grumiaux, Belgian violinist (born 1921). [84]

918

October 17 * US Senate approves immigration bill prohibiting hiring of illegal aliens and offered amnesty to illegals who entered prior to 1982. [1] October 19 * USSR expels five American diplomats. [1] * Mozambican president Samora Machel's plane crashes in South Africa. [84] October 20 * In the Kermadec Islands region, a magnitude 8.3 earthquake occurs. [53] October 22 * Ivor Francis, actor (Dusty's Trail), dies at age 68. [1] * In New York City, WNBC Radio's traffic helicopter crashes into the Hudson River killing traffic reporter Jane Dornacker. [1] [84] * Death of Albert Szent-Györgyi, Hungarian physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1893). [84] October 23 * Death of Edward Adelbert Doisy, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1893). [84] October 25 * Forrest Tucker, American actor (O'Rourke - F Troop, Dusty Trail), dies at age 67 (born 1919. [1] [84] * International Red Cross ousted from South Africa. [1] October 26 * Bus deregulation goes into effect in the United Kingdom, except Greater London and Northern Ireland. [84] * Death of Jackson Scholz, American runner (born 1897). [84] October 27 * International World Day of Prayer is held in Assisi, Italy. [84] * "Big Bang" in the London Stock Exchange abolishes fixed commission charges, paving the way for electronic trading. [84] October 28

919

* In London, Jeremy Bamber is found guilty of the murder of his parents, sister and twin nephews and sentenced to life imprisonment with a recommendation by the trial judge that he should serve at least 25 years before being considered for parole. [84] * The centennial of the Statue of Liberty's dedication is celebrated in New York Harbor. [84] * Death of Ian Marter, British actor and writer (born 1944). [84] October 30 * US space shuttle Discovery moves to OPF where more than 200 modification are made. [1] October 31 * Death of Robert S. Mulliken, American physicist and chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (born 1896). [84] November 1 * Joh Bjelke-Petersen wins election as Premier of Queensland, Australia, with 38.6% of the vote. [84] November 2 * Paul Frees, American animation voice actor (Bullwinkle), dies at age 66 (born 1920). [84] (November 1 [1]) November 3 * The Lebanese magazine Ash-Shiraa reports that the United States has been selling weapons to Iran in secret in order to secure the release of 7 American hostages held by pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon. [1] [84] * President Machel killed in air crash in Mozambique. [1] November 4 * Democrats regain control of the United States Senate for the first time in six years. [1] [84] * In California, Chief Justice Rose Bird and two colleagues are removed by voters from the Supreme Court of California for opposing capital punishment. [84] November 6 * US President Ronald Reagan signs landmark immigration reform bill. [1]

920

* A British International Helicopters Boeing 234LR Chinook crashes 2.5 miles east of Sumburgh Airport killing 45 people. This is the deadliest civilian helicopter crash on record. [84] * Death of Elisabeth Grümmer, Alsatian soprano (born 1911). [84] November 8 * Beatrice Kay, singer/actress (Sister Sue-Calvin and the Col), dies at age 78. [1] * Death of Artur London, Czech statesman (born 1915). [84] * Death of Vyacheslav Molotov, Soviet politician (born 1890). [84] November 10 * River Rhine (Germany) polluted by chemical spill. [1] November 11 * Roger C Carmel, actor (Harry Mudd - Star Trek, Mothers-in-Law), dies at age 54. [1] * Sperry Rand and Burroughs merge to form Unisys, becoming the second largest computer company. [84] November 12 * Australian singer John Farnham releases the album Whispering Jack, which becomes the highest selling album in Australia's history. [84] November 13 * NASA launches space vehicle S-199. [1] * US violates Iran arms boycott. [1] November 14 * US Securities and Exchange Commission imposes a record US$100 million penalty against Ivan Boesky. [1] * In Taiwan, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake occurs. Fifteen people killed, 44 injured. [53] November 17 * Alan Hewitt, actor (Det Brennan - My Favorite Martian), dies at age 71. [1] November 18 * Death of Gia Carangi, supermodel (born 1960). [84] November 20

921

* United Nations's World Health Organization announces first global effort to combat AIDS. [1] November 21 * New Century Vista Film Company releases the film The Wraith to theaters in the USA. [8] * US National Security Council member Oliver North and his secretary start shredding documents implicating them in selling weapons to Iran and channeling the proceeds to help fund the Contra rebels in Nicaragua. [84] * Death of Dar Robinson, American film stuntman (born 1947). [84] November 22 * Death of Scatman Crothers, American actor (Louie - Chico and the Man), musician, at age 76 (born 1910). [84] (November 26 [1]) * Death of William Bradford Huie, American journalist, editor, publisher and author (born 1910). [84] November 25 * U.S. Attorney General Edwin Meese announces that profits from covert weapons sales to Iran were illegally diverted to the anti-communist Contra rebels in Nicaragua. [84] November 26 * U.S. President Ronald Reagan announces that former Senator John Tower, former Secretary of State Edmund Muskie, and former National Security Adviser Brent Scowcroft will serve as members of the Special Review Board looking into the IranContra arms scandal (they became known as the Tower Commission). Reagan denies involvement in the scandal. [84] (November 25 [1]) * Paramount Pictures releases the film Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home to theaters in the USA. [4] November 27 * Steve Tracy, actor (Percival - Little House on the Praire), dies at age 61. [1] November 28 * Herb Vigran, actor (Ernest - Ed Wynn Show), dies at age 76. [1] * Reagan administration exceeds SALT II arms limitations for first time. [1] November 29

922

* Cary Grant, British-born actor, dies in Davenport, Iowa, at age 82 (born 1904). [1] [84] December 1 * Horace Heidt, orchestra leader (Swift Show Wagon), dies at age 85. [1] * Musée d'orsay opens in Paris, France. [1] December 2 * Desi Arnaz, Cuban-born actor (Ricky Ricardo - I Love Lucy), dies of lung cancer at age 69 (born 1917). [1] [84] * Lee Dorsey R&B singer, dies at age 59. [1] December 3 * Death of Austin Hayes, Irish footballer (born 1958). [84] December 4 * NASA launches Fltsatcom-7. [1] * Reuben Nakian, US sculptor, dies at age 89. [1] December 5 * Carmol Taylor, country songwriter, dies at age 53 of cancer. [1] December 6 * France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island. [1] * Malik Oussekine, Algerian/French student, killed by police at age 22. [1] December 7 * President Jean-Claude Duvalier flees Haïti. [1] * In Bulgaria, a magnitude 5.5 earthquake occurs. [53] December 8 * US House Democrats select majority leader Jim Wright as 48th speaker. [1] December 10 * France performs nuclear test. [1] * Holocaust survivor Elie Wiesel accepts 1986 Nobel Peace Prize. [1]

923

* Kate Wolf, folksinger (Back Roads), dies of leukemia at age 44. [1] * Susan Cabot-Roman, actress (Sorority Girl, Carnival Rock), dies. [1] December 11 * Paul Keenan, actor (Summer Fantasy), dies at age 30. [1] * South Africa censors press. [1] December 12 * Russian Tupolev-134 crashes in East Berlin, 70 killed. [1] December 13 * Heather Angel, actress (Lifeboat, Daniel Boone), dies at age 77. [1] December 14 * Voyager experimental aircraft, piloted by Dick Rutan and Jeana Yeager, takes off from Edwards Air Force Base, California on first non-stop, non-refueled flight around the world. [1] [84] December 15 * 150 killed during race riot in Karachi, Pakistan. [1] * US Central Intelligence Agency director William Casey suffers a cerebral seizure. [1] * Carnegie Hall reopens after a US$50 million facelift. [1] December 17 * Mrs Davina Thompson makes medical history by having the first heart, lung, and liver transplant (Papworth Hospital in Cambridge, England). [1] * Ron Kass, record company president (MGM), dies at age 52 of cancer. [1] * US Congress forms "Irangate" committee. [1] December 18 * Mamo Clark, actor (One Million BC, Robinson Crusoe of Clipper Island), dies. [1] December 19 * Soviet dissident Andrei Sakharov is permitted to return to Moscow after years of internal exile. [1] [84] December 20

924

* Three African Americans are assaulted by a group of white teens in the Howard Beach neighborhood of Queens, New York. One of the victims, Michael Griffith, is run over and killed by a motorist while attempting to flee the attackers. [1] [84] December 21 * Death of Willy Coppens, Belgian pilot (born 1892). [84] December 22 * Celius Dougherty, composer, dies at age 84. [1] * British Liberal Party Member of Parliament David Penhaligon, 42, is killed in a car crash near Truro in Cornwall, England. [84] December 23 * Voyager airplane completes the first nonstop circumnavigation of the earth by air without refueling in 9 days, 3 minutes and 44 seconds. [1] [84] December 24 * French hostage Aurel Cornea, held in Lebanon for 9 months, released. [1] * Gardner F[rancis] Fox, author (Kothar-Barbarian Swordsman), dies at age 75. [1] * Iran offensive against Iraqi islands of Shatt al-Arab. [1] December 26 * Elsa Lanchester, actress (Bride of Frankenstien), dies at age 84. [1] * Hijackers take over an Iraqi Airways Boeing 737 with 91 people on board during a flight from Baghdad to Amman. It lands in Arar, Saudi Arabia where it explodes, killing 62 people. [1] * TV soap Search for Tomorrow ends 35 year run. [1] December 27 * 10th Soap Opera Digest Poll Awards - The Young and the Restless wins. [1] * Cliff Burton, bass player (Metallica), dies in a bus crash at age 24. [1] * Lars-Eric Vilner Larsson, composer, dies at age 78. [1] December 28 * Andrei Tarkovsky dies. [1] * Louis van Lint, Belgian painter, dies at age 77. [1] December 29

925

* Andrei Tarkovski, Russian film director (Stalker), dies at age 54 (born 1932). [1] [84] * John Antill, composer, dies at age 82. [1] * [Maurice] Harold Macmillan, former British Prime Minister (1957-63), dies in Sussex, England, at age 92 (born 1894). [1] [84] December 30 * Jiri Jaroch, composer, dies at age 66. [1] * US begins Military exercises in Honduras. [1] December 31 * A fire at the Dupont Plaza Hotel in San Juan, Puerto Rico, kills 97 and injures 140. [1] [84] * Lester Albert Trimble, composer, dies at age 63. [1] * Lloyd Haynes, actor (Pete Dixon - Room 222), dies at age 54. [1]

926

1987 January 1 * Frobisher Bay, Northwest Territories, changes its name to Iqaluit. [83] * 60 bodies recovered in Dupont Plaza Hotel fire in Puerto Rico. [1] * China's rudimentary civil code comes into effect. [1] * Gustav Knuth, actor (Heidi, Rats), dies at age 85. [1] * International Year of Shelter for Homeless begins. [1] * Year of the Reader begins. [1] January 2 * Troops of Chad President Habré conquer Fada oasis. [1] * Battle of Fada: The Chadian army destroys a Libyan armoured brigade. [83] January 3 * Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducts first female artist: Aretha Franklin. Roll Hall of Fame. [1] [83] January 4 * An Amtrak train en route from Washington, D.C. to Boston, Massachusetts collides with Conrail engines in Chase, Maryland, killing 16. [1] [83] * F van Heek, Dutch sociologist, dies at age 79. [1] * Peggy Bacon, author/illustrator (Off With Their Heads), dies at age 91. [1] January 5 * Margaret Laurence, Canadian author, dies at age 60. [1] * U.S. President Ronald Reagan undergoes prostate surgery, causing speculation about his physical fitness to continue in office. [83] January 6 * 100th US Congress convenes. [1] * Astronomers at University of California see first sight of birth of a galaxy. [1] January 7 * French airplanes harass Libyan positions in Duadi Doum. [1] * Larry Carr, pianist (Flight to Rhythm), dies at age 72. [1] January 8

927

* Dow Jones Industrial Index closes above 2,000 for first time (2,002.25). [1] [83] * Peter Adams, actor (Alternative, Blowing Hot and Cold), dies at age 69. [1] January 9 * Arthur Lake, actor (Dagwood - Blondie), dies at age 81. [1] * Chinese/Vietnamese border fights, 1500 killed. [1] * The Star Tours attraction opens in Tomorrowland at Disneyland. It cost US$32 million to create. [6] * New Nicaraguan constitution takes effect. [1] January 12 * Britain's Prince Edward resigns from his Royal Marines training. [1] January 13 * Seven top New York Mafia bosses including Anthony "Fat Tony" Salerno and Carmine Peruccia are sentenced to 100 years in prison each. [1] [83] * E van Ruller, Dutch journalist/co-founder (Trouw, Loyal), dies. [1] * W German police arrest Mohammed Ali Hamadi, suspect in 1985 hijacking. [1] January 14 * Death of Douglas Sirk (original name, Claus Detlef Sierck) in Lugano, Switzerland (born in Hamburg, Germany), at age 86; film director with Universal Studios. His credits include Magnificent Obsession (1954), There's Always Tomorrow (1955), Written on the Wind (1956), The Tarnished Angels (1957), and Imitation of Life (1959). [1] [37] January 15 * Dolores Hawkins, singer (Guy Mitchell Show), dies at age 58. [1] * Gerrit Borgers, Dutch literary, dies at age 69. [1] * Ray Bolger, American actor/singer/dancer (Wizard of Oz), dies at age 82 (born 1904). [1] [5] [83] January 16 * Leon Cordero, president of Ecuador, is kidnapped by followers of imprisoned General Frank Vargas, who successfully demand his release. [83] * Earl Wilson, Broadway columnist (Midnight Earl), dies in Yonkers at age 79. [1] * Ilse Langen, writer, dies at age 87. [1] * Joyce Jameson, comedienne (Spike Jones Show), dies at age 54. [1] January 17

928

* US President Ronald Reagan signs secret order permitting covert sale of arms to Iran. [1] January 18 * 11th Soap Opera Digest Poll Awards - Days of Our Lives wins. [1] January 19 * Gerald Brenan, English writer, dies at age 92. [1] * Guy Hunt becomes Alabama's first Republican governor since 1874. [1] January 20 * Shiite Muslims in Beirut, Lebanon kidnap Anglican Church envoy Terry Waite (released November 1991). [1] [83] [129] January 21 * BB King donates his 7,000 record collection to University of Mississippi. [1] * Pieter G Buckinx, Flemish writer (Seventh Day), dies at age 83. [1] * Death of Charles Goodell, American politician (born 1926). [83] January 22 * 27-year old Glen Tremml pedals the ultralight aircraft Eagle over Edwards Air Force Base, California, for a human-powered flight record of 37.2 miles. [5] * R Budd Dwyer, Pennsylvania State Treasurer, facing prison for conspiracy and perjury, shoots himself to death at a televised news conference. [1] [83] January 23 * Japan first exceeds military spending cap of one percent of gross national product (US$23 billion). [1] January 24 * In Lebanon, gunmen kidnap Alann Steen, Jesse Turner, Robert Polhill and Mitheleshwar Singh. [83] January 25 * Emil Hlobil, composer, dies at age 85. [1] * West Germany holds parliamentary elections. The CDU/CSU gets 44.3% of the vote, the SPD 37%, the FDP 9.1% and the Green Party 8.3%. The CDU/CSU coalition

929

continues with the FDP. Helmut Kohl (CDU) continues as chancellor and Hans-Dietrich Genscher (FDP) as vice chancellor and foreign minister. [37] January 26 * 14th American Music Awards: Whitney Houston, Lionel Richie and Alabama. [1] * In Japan, Enix releases the Dragon Quest II video game for the Famicom. (About 2.3 million copies are sold.) [9] * Hart Foundation beats British Bulldogs for WWF tag team title. [1] * In Algeria, a magnitude 4.9 earthquake occurs. [53] January 27 * Death of Allan V. Cox, American geologist (born 1926). [83] January 28 * US Foreign minister George Shultz meets African National Congress-leader Oliver Tambo. [1] January 29 * Ivo Lhotka-Kalinski, composer, dies at age 73. [1] * William J Casey ends term as 13th director of US Central Intelligence Agency. [1] [83] January 30 * Angelo Rutherford, actor (Willie - Gentle Ben), dies at age 32. [1] * Ken Drake, actor (Crime and Punishment USA), dies. [1] January 31 * 44th Golden Globes: Platoon, Marlee Matlin win. [1] * United Steelworkers union ratified a concessionary contract with USX Corp. [1] * Yves Allégret, French director (Such a lovely tiny beach), dies at age 79. [1] * The last Ohrbach's department store closes in New York City after 64 years of operation. [83] February 1 * 163 day strike against Deere and Company ends, workers accept wage freeze. [1] * Erin Westmore, makeup artist (Hollywood Backstage), dies at age 82. [1] February 2

930

* Alfred Lion, record founder (Blue Note), dies at age 78. [1] * Patrick "Spike" Hughes, British jazz musician (Cinderella), dies at age 78. [1] * Philippines adopts constitution. [1] * Death of Alistair MacLean, British writer (heart attack) (born 1922). [83] February 3 * Death of Donald Aronow, creator of the Cigarette Boat (assassinated) (born 1927). [83] February 4 * Liberace, American pianist (Liberace Show), actor (Evil Chandell - Batman), dies at age 67 (born 1919). [1] [83] * US President Ronald Reagan's veto of Clean Water Act is overridden by US Congress. [1] February 5 * Dow Jones Industrial Average average closes above 2,200 for first time. [1] * Soyuz TM-2 launches. [1] February 6 * No-smoking rules take effect in US federal buildings. [1] February 7 * David Savoy Jr, rock manager (Hüsker Du), commits suicide at age 24. [1] February 8 * Bronislawa Wajs [Papuscha], writer, dies. [1] * Harriet MacGibbon, actress (Mrs Drysdale - Beverly Hillbillies), dies. [1] * Hendrik Koekoek, founder (Dutch Boer party), dies at age 74. [1] February 9 * Former US national security adviser Robert McFarlane attempts suicide. [1] * Brownsville, Texas is deluged with seven inches of rain in just two hours; flooding in some parts of the city is worse than that caused by Hurricane Beulah in 1967. [83] February 10 * Philippine troops murder 17 civilians-Lupao Massacre. [1]

931

February 11 * British Airways is privatised and listed on the London Stock Exchange. [1] [83] * Philippines' new constitution goes into effect. [1] [83] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] [83] February 12 * Lang Jeffries, Canadian actor (Skip - Rescue 8), dies at age 55. [1] * Survivors of a black man murdered by KKK members awarded US$7 million damages. [1] February 14 * Bola Sete, guitarist, dies at age 63. [1] * Death of Dmitri Borisovich Kabalevsky, Russian composer (born 1904). [83] February 15 * ABC-TV begins broadcasting Amerika mini-series. [1] * Jimmy Holiday, US singer ("Baby I Love You"), dies at age 42. [1] * Osmo Uolevi Lindeman, composer, dies at age 57. [1] February 16 * Dmitri Borisovich Kabalevsky, composer, dies at age 82. [1] * John Demjanjuk, accused of being "Ivan the Terrible" trial begins. [1] February 17 * Hal K Dawson, actor (Another Language, Wells Fargo), dies. [1] * Michelle Renee Royer, 21, (Texas), crowned 36th Miss USA. [1] * Verree Teasdale, actress (Skyscraper Souls), dies. [1] February 19 * Anti-smoking ad airs for first time on TV, featuring Yul Brynner. [1] * Minnesota sheriff office arrest FBI most wanted, Thomas G Harrelson. [1] * Reagan lifts trade boycott against Poland. [1] February 20 * Bomb blamed on Unabomber explodes by computer store in Salt Lake City, Utah. [1] [83] * David Hartman quits ABC's Good Morning America, after 11 years. [1] * Ivan Brkanovic, composer, dies at age 80. [1]

932

February 21 * Syrian army marches into Beirut, Lebanon. [1] February 22 * Andy Warhol, American pop artist/director/writer, dies from complications following gall bladder surgery at age 58 (born 1928). [1] [5] [83] * David Susskind, TV host (Open End, David Susskind Show), dies at age 66. [1] * Glenway Wescott, US writer (Apartment in Athens), dies at age 85. [1] February 23 * Esmond Knight, actor (Black Narcissus, Henry V), dies at age 80. [1] * Russian Writers Union accepts Boris Pasternak posthumous as member. [1] * Supernova 1987A in LMC first seen; first naked-eye supernova since 1604. [1] [83] February 24 * 29th Grammy Awards: "Higher Love", Graceland, Bruce Hornsby win. [1] * Radio personality Larry King suffers a heart attack. [1] February 25 * James Coco, actor (Joe - Dumplings), dies at age 58. [1] * US Supreme Court upholds (5-4) affirmative action. [1] February 26 * First release of Beatles compact discs. [1] * NASA launches GEOS-H. [1] * The Tower Commission rebukes U.S. President Ronald Reagan for not controlling his National Security staff. [1] [83] * USSR resumes nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] February 27 * Washington Week In Review 20th anniversary on PBS TV . [1] * Donald Regan resigns as White House chief of staff. [1] * Joan Greenwood, English actress (Gentle Sex, Bad Sister), dies at age 65. [1] February 28 * Anny Ondra, actress (Blackmail), dies at age 83. [1] * Nora Kaye, US ballet dancer, dies at age 67. [1]

933

March 2 * Randolph Scott, American actor (Fort Worth, Gung Ho, Jesse James), dies at age 89 (born 1898). [1] [83] * Apple Computer introduces the expandable Macintosh SE, and open architecture Macintosh II with color graphics. [4] * American Motors Corporation is acquired by the Chrysler Corporation [83] March 3 * Danny Kaye, American singer/actor/comedian (Danny Kaye Show), part owner of the Seattle Mariners, dies of heart failure at age 74 (born 1918). [1] [56] March 4 * U.S. President Ronald Reagan addresses the American people on the Iran-Contra Affair, acknowledging that his overtures to Iran had 'deteriorated' into an arms-forhostages deal. [83] March 6 * In the Colombia - Ecuador border region, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurs. Approximately 1,000 people killed, 4,000 missing, 20,000 homeless, extensive damage in Ecuador. About 27 km of the oil pipeline in Ecuador destroyed or badly damaged. [1] [53] * Belgium ferry boat Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes outside the harbor off Zeebrugge, Belgium; 192 die. [1] [83] March 8 * 17th Easter Seal Telethon raises US$35,184,425. [1] * FBI apprehends most wanted Claude L Dallas, Jr in California. [1] March 9 * Chrysler Corp offers to buy American Motors Corp for US$1 billion. [1] March 10 * The Vatican expresses formal opposition to test-tube fertilization and embryo transfer. [1] March 12

934

* The Dow Jones Industrial Average removes Owens-Illinois Glass and Inco from its index, replacing them with Coca-Cola and Boeing Company. [227] [228] * Les Miserables opens at Broadway/Imperial theater in New York City for 4000+ performances. [1] * US Federal judge dismisses lawsuits sought by Oliver North. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] March 13 * Bernhard Grzimek, West German zoologist, dies at age 77. [1] * Finn Videro, composer, dies at age 80. [1] * Gerald Moore, English pianist (Am I Too Loud), dies at age 87 (born 1899). [1] [83] March 15 * 13th People's Choice Awards: Bill Cosby. [1] * Sterling W Cole (Representative-Republican-New York), dies at age 82. [1] March 16 * Scott McKay, actor (Guest in House, 30 Seconds over Tokyo), dies at age 71. [1] March 17 * IBM releases PC-DOS version 3.3. [1] March 18 * Bil Baird, puppeteer (Jack Paar Show), dies at age 82. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] March 19 * Arch Oboler, radio writer (Lights Out), dies at age 77. [1] * Emile Meyer, actor (Young Jesse James, Lineup), dies. [1] * Fred Currey acquires Greyhound Bus Company. [1] * Hassanali inaugurated as President of Trinidad and Tobago. [1] * Louis-Victor de Broglie, French physicist (Nobel Prize 1929), dies at age 94 (born 1892). [1] [83] * In Charlotte, North Carolina, televangelist Jim Bakker, head of PTL Ministries, resigns after admitting an affair with church secretary Jessica Hahn. [1] [83] * Tony Stratton-Smith, journalist/record company CEO (Charisma), dies at age 53. [1] March 20 * FDA approves sale of AZT (AIDS treatment). [1]

935

* NASA launches Palapa B2P. [1] * Norman Harris, guitarist (O'Jays), dies at age 39 of heart failure. [1] * Soap opera Capitol final episode. [1] * Soviet filmmakers arrive in Hollywood for an entertainment summit. [1] March 21 * Dean Paul Martin, American actor (Billy - Misfits of Science), dies at age 35 (born 1951). [1] [83] * Robert Preston, American actor (Harold Hill - Music Man), dies from lung cancer in Montecito, California at age 68 (born 1918). [1] [83] March 22 * Joan Shawlee, actress (Abbott and Costello Show), dies at age 58. [1] March 23 * Soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful premieres on TV. [1] * US offers military protection to Kuwaiti ships in the Persian Gulf. [1] * West Germany SPD chairman Willy Brandt resigns. [1] March 24 * First Soul Train Music Awards: Janet Jackson, Luther Vandross win. [1] March 25 * Henry R LaBouisse, headed UNICEF (1965-79), dies at age 83. [1] * US Supreme Court rules women/minorities may get jobs if less qualified. [1] March 26 * NASA launches Fltsatcom-6, it fails to reach orbit. [1] * National Federation of High School adopts college 3 point shot (21 feet). [1] * Walter Abel, actor (Suspicion), dies at age 88. [1] * Death of Eugen Jochum, German conductor (born 1902). [83] March 27 * Lloyd Goodrich, American Arts Museum director, dies at age 90. [1] * President Habré's troops reconquer Faya Largeau, Chad. [1] March 28

936

* Maria Augusta von Trapp, Austrian-born singer (Trapp Family Singers), dies at age 82 in Vermont (born 1905). Her story was made famous by the movie The Sound of Music. [1] [5] [37] [83] * Patrick Troughton, British actor (Doctor Who), dies at age 56 (born 1920). [1] [83] * Stacking of Discovery's solid rocket boosters gets underway. [1] March 29 * Wrestlemania III is held in Pontiac, Michigan; a record crowd of 93,173 watch Hulk Hogan beat Andre the Giant. [1] [83] * Yitzhak Shamir re-elected chairman of right wing Herut Party in Israel. [1] March 30 * 59th Academy Awards: Platoon, Paul Newman and Marlee Matlin win. [1] * Vincent van Gogh's Sunflowers sells for record £22.5M ($39.7 million). [1] April 2 * Buddy Rich, American jazz drummer/orchestra leader (Away We Go), dies at age 69 (born 1917). [1] [83] * IBM announces its new Personal System/2 computers, with VGA 256-color graphics, Micro Channel Architecture, Operating System/2, and 1.44 MB 3.5-inch floppy disk drive. [4] * Death of Trevor Hockey, Welsh footballer (born 1943). [83] April 3 * Death of Tom Sestak, American football player (born 1936). [83] * Duchess of Windsor's jewels auctioned for £31,380,197. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] April 4 * C[atherine] L[ucille] Moore, author (Judgment Night), dies at age 76 (born 1911). [1] [83] April 5 * Fox TV network premieres showing Married With Children and Tracey Ullman. [1] April 6 * 22nd Academy of Country Music Awards: Randy Travis and Hank Williams Jr. [1] April 7

937

* Maxine Sullivan [Williams], American actress (Going Places), dies at age 75. [1] * National Museum of Female Physicians opens in Washington, DC. [1] April 8 * Francis C Denebrink, US Naval officer (WWI, WWII, Korea) dies at age 90. [1] April 11 * Erskine Caldwell, novelist (Tobacco Road), dies at age 83. [1] * Kent Taylor, actor (Boston Blackie, Rough Riders), dies at age 79. [1] * Primo Levi, Italian chemist/writer (Survival in Auschwitz), dies at age 67. [1] April 12 * Ewan Calague, economist/statistician (Social Security) dies at age 90. [1] * Texaco files for bankruptcy. [1] April 13 * Portugal and the People's Republic of China sign an agreement in which Macau would be returned to China in 1999. [1] [83] April 14 * Karl Holler, composer, dies at age 79. [1] * Turkey asks to join European market. [1] April 15 * Death of Masatoshi Nakayama, Japanese Karate Master (born 1913). [83] * Alfred Uhry's Driving Miss Daisy, premieres in New York City. [1] April 16 * Anthony Tudor, dancer/choreographer (American Ballet Theater) dies at age 78. [1] * US Federal Communications Commission imposes a broader definition of indecency over airwaves. [1] * Peter Taylor's Summons to Memphis wins Pulitzer Prize for fiction. [1] * Pulitzer prize awarded to August Wilson for Fences. [1] April 17 * Carlton Barrett, Jamaican reggae drummer (No woman no cry), dies at age 36 (born 1950). [1] [83]

938

* Dick Shawn, American actor/comedian (Producers), dies on stage from a heart attack at age 63 (born 1924). [1] [83] * Richard Wilbur appointed as US poet laureate. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] April 18 * US performs atmospheric nuclear test at Maralinga, Australia. [1] April 19 * The first appearance of The Simpsons on The Tracy Ullman Show. [83] * Milt Kahl dies of cancer (born 1909). He worked on Walt Disney Company animation for 22 short films, and 24 feature films. [36.37] [83] * Gregory Robertson does 200-mph free fall to save unconscious skydiver. [1] * Hugh "Lumpy" Brannum, American actor (Mr Green Jeans), dies at age 77 (born 1910). [1] [83] * Last wild condor captured on California wildlife reserve. [1] * Maxwell D Taylor, US commander of 101st airborne (WWII), dies at age 85. [1] * USSR performs underground nuclear test. [1] April 20 * Professional cyclist and reigning Tour de France winner Greg LeMond is accidentally shot while turkey hunting. [83] * In Sri Lanka, Tamil rebels shoot 122 Singalezen dead. [1] * US deports Karl Linnas, charged with Nazi war crimes, to USSR. [1] April 21 * Dow Jones Industrial Average soars 664.7; second biggest one-day gain in history. [1] * Edith S Green (Representative-Democrat-Oregon), dies at age 77. [1] * Tamil bomb attack in Colombo, Sri Lanka; 115 killed. [1] April 22 * Sri Lanka Air Force bombs Tamil rebels; 100s killed. [1] April 23 * 28 construction workers killed in an apartment building collapse in Bridgeport, Connecticut. [1] April 26

939

* Death of John Ernest Silkin, British politician (born 1923). [83] April 27 * US Justice Department bars Austrian Chancellor Kurt Waldheim from entering US, due to his aid of Nazi Germany during WWII. [1] [37] [83] April 28 * Ben Linder, American development worker, murdered by Contras in Nicaragua (born 1959). [1] [83] April 29 * American Can changes its company name to Primerica Corporation. [228] * Japan's premier Nakasone visits the US. [1] April 30 * Hugh Dempster, actor (Anna Karenina, Candles at Nine), dies. [1] * New York Islanders' Mike Bossy plays his final game. [1] May 1 * Pope John Paul II beatifies Edith Stein, a Jewish-born nun. [1] [37] May 3 * Yolande Christina Dalida dies at age 54. [1] * Death of Dalida, French singer (born 1933). [83] May 4 * Cathryn Damon, American actress (Mary Campbell - Soap), dies at age 56 (born 1930). [1] [83] * Dick Hillenius, Dutch biologist/writer, dies at age 59. [1] * Paul Butterfield, American singer/harmonica player, dies of drug abuse at age 44 (born 1942). [1] [83] May 5 * Disneyland debuts "Disney Dollars". Mickey Mouse and Sleeping Beauty's Castle are on the $1 bill, Goofy and the Mark Twain Riverboat are on the $5 bill. [6] * US Congress begins Iran-Contra hearings. [1] * France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island. [1] * The Assemblies of God defrocks Jim Bakker. [83]

940

May 6 * Niroslav Milhailovic begins 54 hours of telling jokes. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] * William J Casey, director of US Central Intelligence Agency (1981-87), dies at age 73 (born 1913). [1] [83] May 7 * 105 degrees F in Sacramento, California. [1] May 8 * U.S. Senator Gary Hart drops out of the running for the Democratic presidential nomination, amid allegations of an extramarital affair with Donna Rice. [1] [83] May 9 * A Soviet-made Il-62 airliner, operated by LOT Polish Airlines crashes near the Kabacki forest in Poland, killing all 183 people on board. [1] [83] * Obafemi Awolowo, President of Nigeria (1979-83), dies at age 78. [1] May 11 * First heart-lung transplant takes place (Baltimore, Maryland, USA). [1] [83] * Klaus Barbie goes on trial in Lyon, France, for war crimes committed during World War II. [83] * Corazon Aquino is elected President in the Philippines. [1] May 12 * Victor Feldman, pianist/drummer, dies at age 53. [1] May 14 * Colt revolver (Peacemaker) of 1873 sells for US$242,000. [1] * Lieutenant Colonel Sitiveni Rabuka executes a bloodless coup in Fiji. [83] * Rita Hayworth, American actress (Gilda), dies of Alzheimer's disease at age 68 (born 1918). [1] [83] May 15 * First Energiya launch (USSR). [1] * John Baur, museum director, dies at age 78. [1] * Wynne Gibson, actor (Night After Night, Aggie Appleby), dies. [1]

941

May 16 * Bobro 400, a barge carrying 3,200 tons of garbage, sets sail from New York, beginning an unsuccesful eight-week search for a dumping site. [1] May 17 * Gunnar Myrdal, Swedish economist (Nobel Prize 1974), dies at age 88 (born 1898). [1] [83] * USS Stark hit by Iraqi missiles, 37 sailors die. [1] May 18 * Wilbur J Cohen, first employee of US Social Security System, dies at age 73. [1] May 19 * Alice B[radley] Sheldon, science-fiction author (Byte Beautiful), dies at age 71. [1] * Death of James Tiptree, Jr, American author (born 1915). [83] May 20 * Tennessee court rules that WWF can not promote Harley Race as the King of Wrestling in Tennessee, upholding Jerry Lawler's claim. [1] [83] May 21 * Alejandro Rey, actor (Carlos - Flying Nun), dies at age 57. [1] * Military coup in Fiji Islands under Lieutenant Colonel Sitivani Rabuka. [1] May 22 * 30 killed in a Texas tornado. [1] * Mario Zafred, composer, dies at age 65. [1] May 23 * Karel Albert, Flemish composer (Marieken van Nymeghen), dies at age 86. [1] May 24 * Hermione Ferdinanda Gingold, actress (Gigi, Music Man), dies at age 89. [1] May 26

942

* Cecilia Bolocco, 22, of Chile, crowned 36th Miss Universe. [1] * Great offensive against Tamil-rebellion in Jaffra, Sri Lanka. [1] * US Supreme Court ruled dangerous defendants could be held without bail. [1] * William H Webster replaces Robert M Gates as 14th director of US Central Intelligence Agency. [1] May 27 * Jim and Tammy Bakker appear on TV's Nightline after PTL scandal. [1] * Death of John Howard Northrop, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1891). [83] May 28 * A 19-year-old German, Mathias Rust, flies a small private plane through Russian security without clearance and lands on Red Square in Moscow. He is immediately detained (but is released August 3, 1988). [1] [37] [83] * 60th US National Spelling Bee: Stephanie Petit wins spelling "staphylococci". [1] * Charles Ludlam, actor (Big Easy), dies at age 44. [1] * Monitor, Civil War warship, is discovered by a deep sea robot. [1] * Paul Pearman jumps 21 barrels on a skateboard in Augusta, Georgia, USA. [1] * Stacking of space shuttle Discovery's solid rocket boosters completed. [1] May 29 * Twilight Zone director John Landis found innocent in death of actor Vic Morrow. [1] * Alain Vincx, Belgian stuntman, dies in an accident at age 40. [1] * Michael Jackson attempts to buy Elephant Man's remains. [1] May 30 * Frank Carlson (Governor/Representative/Senator-Republican-Kansas), dies at age 94. [1] * North American Philips Company unveils compact disc video. [1] * Turk Murphy, jazz trombonist, dies at age 71. [1] May 31 * Dorothy Patrick, actress (Torch Song, New Orleans, High Wall), dies. [1] June 1 * Errol W Barrow, Prime Minister of Barbados (1961-76), dies at age 67. [1] * Rashid Karami Lebanon, ten-time Prime Minister of Lebanon, dies at age 65. [1] June 2

943

* Andrés Segovia, Spanish guitarist, dies at age 94 (born 1893). [1] [83] * Sammy Kaye, orchestra leader (Sammy Kaye Show), dies at age 77. [1] June 3 * Will Sampson, actor (From Here to Eternity, Yellow Rose), dies at age 54. [1] June 5 * Nightline TV show presents its first "Town Meeting" on the subject of AIDS. [1] June 6 * Death of Fulton Mackay, Scottish actor (born 1922). [83] June 10 * In Illinois, a magnitude 5.1 earthquake occurs. [53] * US space shuttle Discovery's solid rocket boosters and External Tank are mated. [1] * Death of Elizabeth Hartman, American actress (suicide) (born 1943). [83] June 11 * Margaret Thatcher is first British Prime Minister in 160 years to win third consecutive term. [1] [83] June 12 * During a visit to Berlin, Germany, U.S. President Ronald Reagan challenges Soviet Premier Mikhail Gorbachev to tear down the Berlin Wall. [37] [83] [129] June 13 * Geraldine Page, American actress (Blue and Gray), dies at age 62 (born 1924). [1] [83] June 14 * Fourth full-duration test firing of redesigned space shuttle solid rocket booster motor. [1] June 16 * New York subway gunman Bernhard Goetz acquitted on all but gun possession. [1]

944

June 17 * With the death of the last individual, the Dusky Seaside Sparrow becomes extinct. [5] [83] June 19 * Geffen Records sign their first artist (Donna Summer). [1] * The Supreme Court of the United States rules that a Louisiana law requiring that creation science be taught in public schools whenever evolution was taught is unconstitutional. [83] * Death of Teresa Cormack, New Zealand murder victim (born 1981). [83] June 21 * US Space Shuttle Discovery rolls over from OPF to Vandenberg Air Force Base. [1] June 22 * Fred Astaire, American actor/dancer, dies at Century City Hospital in Los Angeles, California at age 88 (born 1899). [1] [83] * Death of John Harold Hewitt, Northern Irish poet (born 1907). [83] June 23 * W Landgraf discovers asteroid #3683 Baumann. [1] June 24 * Jackie Gleason, American actor/comedian (The Honeymooners), dies at age 71 in Fort Lauderdale (born 1916). [1] [5] [83] June 25 * Pope John Paul II receives Austrian President Kurt Waldheim. [1] [37] June 27 * US Supreme Court Justice Powell retires. [1] June 28 * E F Helin discovers asteroid #3680 Sasha. [1] * An accidental explosion at Hohenfels Training Area in West Germany kills three U.S. troopers. [83]

945

June 30 * In Canada, the Royal Canadian Mint releases the new "Loonie" $1 coin for circulation, depicting a loon resting on a lake. The coin is smaller than the nickel $1 coin, eleven-sided, and made of bronze. [3] July 1 * U.S. President Ronald Reagan nominates former Solicitor General Robert Bork, a controversial conservative judge and legal scholar, to the U.S. Supreme Court (rejected by the Senate in October). [1] [83] * WHN-AM in New York City changes call letters to WFAN, becomes first 24 hour all sports radio. [1] * The Single European Act is passed by the European Union. [83] July 2 * Karl Linnas, accused Nazi, dies of heart failure in Russia. [1] * Michael Bennet, Chorus Line director, dies of AIDS at age 44. [1] July 3 * Two men become first hot-air balloon travelers to cross Atlantic. [1] * Greater Manchester Police recover the body of 16-year-old Pauline Reade from Saddleworth Moor after her killers Ian Brady and Myra Hindley help them in their search - almost exactly 24 years since Pauline was last seen alive. [83] * In the Soviet Union, Vladimir Nikolayev is sentenced to death for cannibalism. [83] July 4 * US Space Shuttle Discovery moves to Launch Pad 39B for STS-26 mission. [1] * Nazi Klaus Barbie, "Butcher of Lyon" convicted by a French court to life imprisonment for crimes against humanity. [1] [83] July 6 * First of three massacres by Sikh extremists takes place in India. [1] July 7 * Kiwanis Clubs end men-only tradition, vote to admit women. [1] * Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North began public testimony at Iran-Contra hearing. [1] July 8

946

* Sun Microsystems introduces its first SPARC-based system, the Sun-4/260, with 10 MIPS performance. [4] July 10 * Death of John Hammond, American record producer (born 1910). [83] July 11 * Australian Prime Minister Robert Hawke's government is re-elected for a third term. [83] * World population reaches 5 billion people, according to the United Nations. [5] [83] July 14 * Greyhound Bus buys Trailways Bus for US$80 million. [1] * Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North concludes six days of US Congressional testimony. [1] * Steve Miller's star is unveiled on Hollywood's Walk of Fame. [1] * Taiwan ends 37 years of martial law. [1] July 15 * John Poindexter testifies at Iran-Contra hearings. [1] July 17 * Ten teens die in Guadalupe River flood (Comfort, Texas). [1] * The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above the 2,500 mark for the first time, at 2,510.04. [83] * Death of Kristjan Palusalu, Estonian wrestler (born 1908). [83] * Death of Yujiro Ishihara, Japanese actor (born 1934). [83] July 18 * Molly Yard elected new president of US National Organization for Women. [1] July 22 * Soyuz TM-3 launched with three cosmonauts (one Syrian). [1] * US begins escorting re-flagged Kuwaiti tankers in Persian Gulf. [1] * Palestinian cartoonist Naji Salim al-Ali is shot in London; he dies August 28. [83] * Death of Jack Lescoulie, American actor (born 1917). [83] July 24

947

* IBM-PC DOS Version 3.3 (updated) released. [1] July 25 * Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary of Commerce, dies of internal injuries. [1] * Sherri Martel beats Fabulous Moolah for WWF Woman's Championship Belt. [1] * USSR launches Kosmos 1870, 15-ton Earth-study satellite. [1] July 27 * Australian singer Kylie Minogue releases her first hit, a remake of Little Eva's "The Loco-Motion". [83] * John Demjanjuk, accused Nazi "Ivan the Terrible" testifies in Israel. [1] July 28 * James Burnham, philosopher (Coming Defeat of Communism), dies at age 81. [1] July 29 * Ben and Jerry's ice cream parlour and Jerry Garcia agree on a new flavor: Cherry Garcia. [1] July 31 * Docklands Light Railway, the first driverless railway in Great Britain, is formally opened by Queen Elizabeth II [83] * A Force 4-rated tornado devastates eastern Edmonton, Alberta. Hardest hit are an industrial park and a trailer park. 27 people are killed and hundreds injured. Hundreds more are left homeless and jobless. [83] * Four hundred Iranian pilgrims are killed in clashes with Saudi Arabian security forces in Mecca. [83] * Rockwell International awarded contract to build a 5th space shuttle. [1] August 2 * Michael Andretti runs fastest Indy car race in history (171.49 MPH). [1] August 3 * US Space Shuttle Discovery in Orbital Processing Facility is powered up for STS-26. [1] August 4

948

* The US Federal Communications Commission rescinds the Fairness Doctrine, which had required radio and television stations to "fairly" present controversial issues. [1] [83] August 7 * Five Central American presidents sign peace accord in Guatemala. [1] * Colombian frigate Caldas enters Venezuelan waters near the Los Monjes archipelago, sparking a crisis between the nations. [83] August 8 * Lynne Cox becomes first to swim from US to Russia across Bering Strait. [1] * In Northern Chile, a magnitude 6.9 earthquake occurs. Five people killed, 112 injured and more than 1,000 houses destroyed. [53] August 9 * Nine people die and 17 are injured when 19-year-old Julian Knight goes on a shooting rampage in Melbourne, Australia. [83] August 10 * Clara Peller, actress (Where's the Beef), dies at age 86. [1] * Flight Readiness Firing of Space Shuttle Discovery's main engines is successful. [1] August 11 * Death of Clara Peller, American actress (born 1902). [83] August 12 * Charles Cole climbs 870-foot Tyrolean Traverse from top of Elephant Rock. [1] August 16 * Northwest Airlines Flight 255 (a McDonnell Douglas MD-82) crashes on takeoff from Detroit Metropolitan Airport in Romulus, Michigan, killing 155 people on-board. [1] [83] * Astrological Harmonic Convergence-Dawn of New Age. [1] [83] * Death of Nick Vanos, American basketball player (born 1963). [83] August 17 * Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above 2,700 for first time (2,700.57). [1] * Rudolf Hess is found dead in his cell in Spandau Prison in Berlin, Germany, where he served 46 years. Hess, age 93, is believed to have committed suicide by hanging

949

himself with an electrical flex. He was the last remaining prisoner at the complex. Hess served the Nazi Party as deputy Führer; he flew to England in 1941 hoping to convince Winston Churchill to join with Germany in the war. [1] [10] [37] [83] August 19 * ABC News Chief Middle East Correspondent Charles Glass escapes his Hizballah kidnappers in Beirut, Lebanon, after sixty-two days in captivity. [83] * In London, The Order of the Garter is opened to women. [83] August 21 * Clayton Lonetree, first US Marine court-martialed for spying, convicted. [1] * At the Laguna Seca Raceway in Monterey, California, the 14th Annual Monterey Historic Automobile Races are held, over three days. About 50,000 people attend. Chevrolet holds its official 75th birthday party. Many historic Corvettes are on display and 34 participate in races, including the 1957 Corvette SS, 1960 Le Mans Corvette, CERV I, CERV II, 1959 Stingray, 1970 Manta Ray, 1977 Aerovette, two 1956 Corvette SR-2s, 1969 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corvette, 1971 ZR-2 Corvette, 1963 Z06 Corvette, 1956 Sebring Corvette, 1962 Sebring coupe, and two 1963 Grand Sports (#003 and #004). Attending the event are Zora Arkus-Duntov, Ed Cole, Dave McLellan, Dick Thompson, Phil Hill, Jim Hall, Joe Pike, John Fitch, Augie Pabst, Roger Penske, Bill Mitchell, Hap Sharp, and Bob D'Olivio. [8] August 24 * Announcement of possible Martian tornadoes. [1] August 26 * Death of Georg Wittig, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1897). [83] August 28 * Death of John Huston, American actor (born 1906). [83] August 29 * Lee Marvin, American actor, dies in Tucson, Arizona at age 63 (born 1924). [1] [83] September 2 * Donald Trump takes out a full page New York Times ad lambasting Japan. [1] * West German pilot Mathias Rust, who flew a private plane to Moscow's Red Square, goes on trial in Russia. [1] [37] [83]

950

September 4 * Death of Bill Bowes, British cricketer (born 1908). [83] September 7 * East German leader Erich Honecker visits West Germany. [37] * (to September 21) The world's first conference on artificial life is held at Los Alamos National Laboratory. [83] September 11 * Death of Peter Tosh, Jamaican singer and musician (born 1944). [5] [83] * Lorne Greene, Canadian actor (Bonanza, Battlestar Galactica), dies at age 72 (born 1915). [1] [5] [83] September 13 * Paul Lynch of Great Britain does 32,573 push-ups in 24 hours. [1] September 16 * NASA launches space vehicle S-209. [1] * Death of Howard Moss, American poet, dramatist, and critic (born 1922). [83] September 17 * Philadelphia celebrates 200th anniversary of the US Constitution. [1] * Death of Harry Locke, British character actor (born 1913). [83] September 21 * Death of Jaco Pastorius, American bassist (born 1951). [83] September 23 * Death of Bob Fosse, American theater choreographer and director (born 1927). [83] September 25 * Death of Mary Astor, Academy Award-winning American actress (born 1906). [83] * Death of Harry Holtzman, American abstract artist (born 1912). [83] September 28

951

* Encounter at Farpoint, the first episode of TV show Star Trek: The Next Generation airs. [5] September 29 * Henry Ford II, president of Ford Motor Company, dies in Detroit, Michigan at age 70 (born 1917). [1] [83] October 1 * In Southern California, a magnitude 5.9 earthquake occurs. Eight people killed, many injured, about 2,200 homeless and more than 10,400 buildings damaged. Felt strongly in much of southern California. [1] [53] October 2 * In Peru, a magnitude 5.4 earthquake occurs. [53] * Death of Peter Medawar, Brazilian-born scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1915). [83] October 3 * Michael Pruffer of France skis 135.26 MPH at Portillo, Chile. [1] * Death of Jean Anouilh, French dramatist (born 1910). [83] * Death of Kalervo Palsa, Finnish artist (born 1947). [83] October 6 * Microsoft announces Microsoft Windows 2.0, and Microsoft Windows/386, priced at US$195. [4] * Microsoft unveils the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet software for Microsoft Windows 2.0, the first major application for Windows. [4] October 9 * Death of William Parry Murphy, American physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1892). [83] October 12 * Alfred M Landon, former Kansas Governor, dies at his Topeka home at 100. [1] * Philleo Nash, US Bureau of Indian Affairs (1961-67), dies at age 77. [1] October 13 * First military use of trained dolphins (US Navy in Persian Gulf). [1]

952

* Costa Rican President Oscar Arias wins Nobel Peace Prize. [1] * Death of Walter Brattain, American physicist (co-inventor of transistor), Nobel Prize laureate (born 1902). [83] October 14 * In Midland, Texas, 1.5-year-old Jessica McClure falls 22 feet (7m) down a well. [1] [83] October 16 * 175-kph winds cause blackout in London and much of southern England. [1] [83] * Dana Suesse, songwriter ("You Ought to be in Pictures"), dies at age 75. [1] * Jessica McClure rescued 58 hours after falling 22 feet into a well shaft. [1] October 18 * Theodore Brameld, author (Use of Explosive Ideas), dies at age 83. [1] October 19 * "Black Monday": stock markets around the world suffer an unexpected dramatic drop, with the American Dow Jones Industrial Average falling 22.6 percent (508 points), the largest one-day drop in recorded stock market history, and first financial crisis of the modern globalized era. [1] [8] [83] [190.96] * Canada's TSX stock market index drops a record 11.3 per cent. [105] * US warships destroy two Iranian oil platforms in the Persian Gulf. [1] [83] * Death of Jacqueline du Pré, British cellist (born 1945). [83] October 20 * Ten die as US Air Force jet crashed into a Ramada Inn near Indianapolis, Indiana. [1] * New York subway gunman Bernhard Goetz sentenced to six months in jail. [1] * Death of Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov, Russian mathematician (born 1903). [83] October 21 * Ying-Chin Ho, Taiwan government official, dies at age 88. [1] * The Dow Jones Industrial Average rises 10.15 percent. [227] October 22 * Death of Lino Ventura, Italian actor (born 1919). [83] October 23

953

* On a vote of 58-42, the United States Senate rejects President Ronald Reagan's nomination of Robert Bork to the U.S. Supreme Court. [83] (October 24 [1]) October 24 * Constantin Alajalov, Russian artist, dies at age 86. [1] * NBC technicians accept pact, end 118 day strike. [1] October 25 * Cecil Brown, news correspondant (CBS), dies at age 80. [1] October 26 * Head of Salvadoran Human Rights Commission assassinated by death squads. [1] October 27 * Jean Hélion, artist/author, dies at age 83. [1] * South Korean voters overwhelmingly approve a new constitution. [1] October 28 * André Masson, French surrealist artist (Labyrinth), dies at age 91 (born 1896). [1] [83] October 29 * Woody Herman, American bandleader/composer (Thundering Herds), dies at age 74 (born 1913). [1] [83] October 30 * In Japan, NEC releases the first 16-bit home entertainment system, the TurboGrafx16, known as PC Engine. [5] October 31 * Joseph Campbell, American mythologist/writer (Mythic Image), dies at age 83 (born 1904). [1] [83] November 1 * René Lévesque, Canadian politician and premier of Quebec (1976-85), dies at age 65 (born 1922). [1] [83]

954

November 4 * Raphael Soyer, artist (Depression scenes in New York City), dies at age 87. [1] November 5 * Iceberg twice the size of Rhode Island sighted in Antarctic. [1] * US Supreme Court nominee Douglas H Ginsburg admits using marijuana. [1] * Death of Eamonn Andrews, television and radio presenter. [83] November 6 * Ross R Barnett, lawyer/Governor-Democrat-Mississippi, dies at age 89. [1] * William C Pahlmann, interior decorator (Four Seasons, New York City), dies at age 80. [1] November 8 * Eleven die as a bomb planted by the Irish Republican Army explodes at Ulster Remembrance Day Service at Enniskillen. [1] [83] November 11 * Judge Anthony M Kennedy nominated to the US Supreme Court. [1] * L T Coggeshall, medical scientist (Secretary of HEW 1956-58), dies at age 86. [1] * Van Gogh's Irises sells for record US$53.6 million at auction. [1] November 12 * Heavy snow closes schools from Washington DC to Maine. [1] * Roger Lewis, aviation executive (Lockheed, C Wright, Pan Am), dies at age 75. [1] November 15 * 28 of 82 aboard Continental Airlines DC-9 die in crash at Denver, Colorado, USA. [1] November 16 * Death of Zubir Said, Singaporean composer who composed Singapore's national anthem (born 1907). [83] November 17 * In the Gulf of Alaska, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake occurs. [53] [83] * Irene Wicker, singer/actress (Singing Lady), dies at age 81. [1]

955

November 18 * 31 die in a fire at King's Cross, London's busiest subway station. [1] [83] * U.S. Senate and House panels release reports charging President Ronald Reagan with 'ultimate responsibility' for the Iran-Contra affair. [83] November 21 * James E Folsom (Alabama-Governor, 1947-51, 1955-59) dies at age 79. [1] November 24 * In Southern California, magnitude 6.5 and 6.7 earthquakes occur, about 12 hours apart. Felt throughout much of southern California from San Diego and Los Angeles to Las Vegas, Nevada and Tempe, Arizona. Also felt at Tijuana and Ensenada, Mexico. [53] November 25 * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Three Men and a Baby to theaters in the US. Disney paid US$1 million for the rights to the French film Trois Hommes et un Couffin, and US$11 million to produce the film. (North American theater gross receipts: US$167.7 million; worldwide: US$227 million.) [6] * Category 5 Typhoon Nina smashes the Philippines with 165 mph (266 km/h) winds and devastating storm surge, causing destruction and 1,036 deaths. [83] * Harold Washington, mayor of Chicago (Democrat, 1983-87), dies at age 65. [1] * Death of Zohar Argov, Israeli singer (born 1955). [83] November 26 * Tokyo Disneyland welcomes its 50-millionth guest. [6] November 28 * Choh Hao Li, bio-chemist professor (isolated growth hormones), dies at age 74. [1] * South African Airways Boeing 747 crashes into Indian Ocean, 159 die. [1] November 29 * Howard Pyle (Governor-Republican-Arizona, 1951-55), dies at age 81. [1] * Korean Air Boeing 707 Flight 858 disappears over the Andaman Sea off Myanmar, on route to Seoul. All 115 crew and passengers killed. [1] [83] November 30 * In the Gulf of Alaska, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake occurs. [53]

956

* Arthur H Dean, lawyer/advisor to US President Franklin Roosevelt, dies at age 89. [1] * Death of James Baldwin, American writer (Another Country), dies at age 63 (born 1924). [83] (December 1 [1]) December 1 * Digging begins to link England and France under the English Channel. [1] [83] * NASA announces the names of four companies who were awarded contracts to help build Space Station Freedom: Boeing Aerospace, General Electric's Astro-Space Division, McDonnell Douglas, and the Rocketdyne Division of Rockwell. [83] * Joh Bjelke-Petersen resigns as Premier of Queensland. He is replaced by Mike Ahern, the only premier never to contest an election as premier. [83] * Donn Fulton Eisele, Colonel USAF/astronaut, dies of a heart attack at age 57. [1] December 2 * Chicago City Council elects Eugene Sawyer acting mayor. [1] * Jennifer Steele, 17, of Colorado becomes Miss Teen America. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * Death of Luis Federico Leloir, French-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1906). [83] * Death of Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich, Russian physicist (born 1914). [83] December 4 * Rouben Mamoulian, director (Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde), dies at age 90. [1] * IBM ships first copies of OS/2 Standard Edition 1.0. [4] December 5 * "Fat" Larry James, US drummer (Fat Larry's Band-Zoom), dies at age 38. [1] December 6 * Three satanist Missouri teenagers bludgeon comrade to death for "fun". [1] * James Dobson, actor (Impulse, Jet Attack, Okinawa), dies. [1] December 7 * Pacific Southwest Airline Flight 1771 crashes near Paso Robles, California, killing all 43 on board, after a disgruntled passenger shoots his ex-supervisor on the flight, then shoots both pilots and himself. [1] [83] * Mikhail Gorbachev arrives in the USA for a summit meeting. [1] December 8

957

* US President President Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev sign the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty eliminating medium range nuclear missiles. [1] [83] * In Melbourne, Australia, 22-year-old Frank Vitkovic kills eight and injures another five in an Australia Post office building on Queen Street, before committing suicide by jumping from the 11th floor. [83] * The first Palestinian uprising against Israel begins in the Gaza Strip and West Bank. [1] [83] * A Peruvian Navy Fokker F27 crashes near Ventanilla, Peru, killing 43. [83] December 9 * Microsoft ships Microsoft Windows 2.01. It features overlapping windows, and can use protected mode on the 80286 processor. [4] * General Rahimuddin Khan retires from the Pakistan Army, as well as the cabinet of the country's military dictatorship. [83] December 10 * Nightline TV show is seen in the USSR for first time. [1] * Jascha Heifetz, Lithuanian-born violinist, dies at age 86 (born 1901). [1] [83] December 12 * Louis de Meester, composer, dies at age 83. [1] December 13 * Belgium Christian Democrats (CVP) loses parliamentary election. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] December 14 * Chrysler pleads no contest to selling driven vehicles as new. [1] * Paul Clinton Sundberg, actor (Belle of New York, Easter Parade), dies. [1] December 16 * Albert P Morano (Representative-Republican-Connecticut, 1951-59), dies at age 79. [1] * Roh Tae Woo wins Presidential Election in South Korea. [1] December 17 * Bernard Cardinal Alfrink, archbishop of Ultrecht, Netherlands, dies at age 87. [1]

958

* Czechoslovakian leader Gustáv Husák resigns as General Secretary of the Communist Party. [1] [83] * Marguerite Yourcenard, author (Memoirs of Hadrien), dies at age 84. [1] * Death of Linda Wong, porn star (born 1951). [83] December 18 * Larry Wall releases the first version of the Perl programming language. [5] [83] December 19 * Gari Kasparov becomes world chess champion. [1] December 21 * Robert Paige, actor (Son of Dracula, Pardon My Sarong), dies. [1] * Soyuz TM-4 carries three cosmonauts (Musa Manarov, Anatoly Levchenko, and Vladimir Titov) to space station Mir. [1] * The ferry Doña Paz collides with the oil tanker Vector I - 1,500 confirmed deaths (reportedly closer to 4,000 due to unregistered passengers). [83] (December 20 [1]) December 22 * Alice Terry [Taaffe], actress (Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse), dies. [1] * Leonidas Zoras, composer, dies at age 82. [1] December 23 * Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme, serving a life sentence for attempted assassination of US President Gerald R Ford escapes from Alderson Prison. [1] December 24 * John M "Joop" de Uyl, Dutch social-democratic premier (1973-77), dies at age 68. [1] December 27 * Priscilla Dean, actress (Outside the Law), dies of injuries at age 91. [1] * Rewi Alley, New Zealand author, pro-Chinese communist, dies at age 90 in Beijing. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] December 28 * Charles Malik, Lebanon's first delegate to the United Nations, dies at age 81. [1]

959

* In Arkansas, USA, R Gene Simmons kills two, later bodies of 14 of his relatives are found at his home near Dover. [1] December 29 * Prozac anti-depressant drug makes its debut in the United States. [83] December 30 * Premier Mugabe elected President of Zimbabwe. [1] * Pope John Paul II issues encyclical on Social Concern. [83] December 31 * [Gordon] Randall [P D] Garrett, author (Lord Darcy), dies at age 60. [1]

960

1988 January 1 * Leo Steiner, New York Carnegie Deli's owner, dies. [1] * The Soviet Union begins its program of economic restructuring (perestroika) with legislation initiated by Premier Mikhail Gorbachev. [82] * The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America is established, creating the largest Lutheran denomination in the United States. [82] January 2 * Death of Edmund Brisco Ford, British geneticist (born 1901). [82] * Ashland Oil storage tank spills 3.8 million gallons, Pennsylvania. [1] * Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and US President Ronald Reagan sign Canada-US free trade agreement. [1] January 3 * Gaston Eyskens, Prime Minister of Belgium (1949, 1958-61, 1968-72), dies at age 82. [1] * Israel orders nine Palestinian "instigators" deported from West Beirut. [1] * Margaret Thatcher becomes longest-serving British Prime Minister this century. [1] * Rose Ausländer, writer, dies at age 70. [1] * William Cagney, actor (Torrid Zone), dies of a heart attack at age 82. [1] January 5 * Austrian President Kurt Waldheim's war record investigated. [1] January 6 * Brent Collins, soap actor (Another World), dies of heart attack at age 46. [1] January 7 * Trevor Howard, British actor (Ryan's Daughter), dies of bronchitis at age 71 (born 1913). [1] [82] January 8 * The Dow Jones Industrial Average falls 140.58 points (6.85 percent) to close at 1,911.31 in a mini-crash. [1] [82] * Frank Pace Jr, US Secretary of Army (1950-53), dies at age 76. [1] * Hewlett-Packard introduces the HP-28S Advanced Scientific Calculator. [1]

961

January 11 * Gregory (Pappy) Boyington, American ace WWII pilot, dies at age 75 of cancer (born 1912). [1] [82] * Isidor Isaac Rabi, nuclear physicist (Nobel Prize-1944), dies at age 89. [1] January 13 * Chiang Ching-kuo, President of the Republic of China (Taiwan) (1978-88), dies at age 81 (born 1910). Vice-President Lee Teng-hui becomes president. [1] [82] * US Supreme Court rules (5-3) public school officials have broad powers to censor school newspapers, plays and other expressive activities. [1] January 14 * Death of Georgi Malenkov, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party at age 86 (born 1902). [1] [82] January 15 * In Jerusalem, Israeli police and Palestinian protestors clash at the Dome of the Rock; several police and at least 70 Palestinians are injured. [1] [82] * Disney generally releases the live-action feature film Good Morning, Vietnam to theaters. The film cost US$14 million to make. (It becomes Disney's second blockbuster movie. North American theater gross receipts: US$123.9 million.) [6] * Seán MacBride, commander of Irish Republican Army, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, dies at age 83 (born 1904). [1] [82] January 16 * 4th Soap Opera Digest Awards - Days of Our Lives wins. [1] * Death of Ballard Berkeley, British actor (born 1904). [82] January 17 * Leslie Manigay elected President of Haiti. [1] January 18 * Airliner crashes in southwest China, killing all 108 on board. [1] January 19 * 48 Hours premieres on CBS-TV. [1] * Ballard Berkeley, actor (East meets West), dies at age 83. [1]

962

January 20 * Arizona committee opens hearing on impeachment of Governor Evan Mecham. [1] * Philippe de Rothschild, Bordeaux Vineyard manager, dies in Paris, France at age 86 (born 1902). [1] [82] January 21 * Abraham Sofaer, actor (Naked Jungle, Elephant Walk), dies. [1] * US accepts immigration of 30,000 US-Vietnamese children. [1] January 22 * Georgi M Malenkov, Russian premier (1953-55), dies at age 86. [1] * Parker Fennelly, actor (Kettles on Old MacDonald's Farm), dies at age 96. [1] * Death of Parker Fennelly, American comedian and actor (born 1891). [82] * In Tennant Creek, Australia, magnitude 6.3, 6.4, and 6.6 earthquakes occur. Felt over two-thirds of Australia. [53] January 23 * 45th Golden Globes: The Last Emperor, Sally Kirkland, Michael Douglas. [1] * Experimental airplane Voyager, piloted by Dick Rutan and Jeana Yeager, completes first nonstop, round-the-world flight without refueling. [1] January 24 * First WWF Royal Rumble - Jim Duggan wins. [1] * Charles Glenn King, biochemist (discovered vitamin C), dies at age 91. [1] January 25 * 15th American Music Awards: Anita Baker, Paul Simon and Whitney Houston. [1] * Colleen Moore, actress (These Girls Won't Talk), dies at age 87. [1] * Ramsewak Shankar sworn in as President of Suriname. [1] * Vice President George Bush and Dan Rather clash on CBS Evening News as Rather attempts to question Bush about his role in the Iran-Contra affair. [1] January 26 * Phantom of the Opera opens at Majestic Theater in New York City, New York for 4,000+ performances. [1] * Australia's 200th anniversary-parade of tall ships in Sydney Harbor. [1] January 27

963

* US Senate Judiciary Committee unanimously approves nomination of Judge Anthony M Kennedy to US Supreme Court. [1] January 28 * Canada's Supreme Court declares anti-abortion law unconstitutional. [1] * Death of Klaus Fuchs in Dresden, East Germany; physicist, worked on British and American atomic bomb projects, passed information to the Soviet Union. [37] January 29 * Bantcho Bantchevsky, US opera singer, commits suicide. [1] * Spectrum Holobyte introduces the Tetris computer game in the US. This is the first entertainment software imported to the US from the Soviet Union. The game was written by Vagim Gerasimov and Alexi Paszitnov at the Computer Center of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Moscow. [4] * James R Killian Jr, MIT president (1948-59), dies at age 83. [1] * Rogier van Otterloo, Dutch composer/conductor, dies at age 46. [1] * Talks break down between Sandinistas and Contras. [1] * United Airlines Boeing 747SP circles world in 36 hours 54 minutes 15 seconds. [1] * The Midwest Classic Conference, a U.S. college athletic conference, is formed. [82] January 30 * Cornelia D "Corry" Spark, Dutch cabaret performer, dies at age 85. [1] January 31 * Barge sinks near Anacortes, Washington, USA, spills 70,000 gallons of oil. [1] February 1 * Heather O'Rourke, American actress (Poltergeist), dies of intestinal ailment at age 12 (born 1975). [1] [82] * Reinder Zwolsman, Dutch businessman, dies at age 75. [1] February 2 * G Mennen Williams, US Supreme Court justice, dies at age 76 in Detroit, Michigan. [1] February 3 * Death of Robert Duncan, American poet (born 1919). [82] * The Democrat-controlled United States House of Representatives rejects President Ronald Reagan's request for $36.25 million to support the Nicaraguan Contras. [82]

964

February 5 * First prime-time wrestling match in 30 years-Andre beats Hulk Hogan. [1] * Arizona House of Representatives votes to impeach Republican Governor Evan Mecham. [1] * Panamanian General Manuel Noriega indicted by US grand jury for drugs. [1] February 6 * Lee Goodman, actor (Imitation of Life), dies of Tuberculosis at age 64. [1] * Marghanita Laski, English author (Victorian chaise-lounge), dies. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] February 7 * Lin[wood V] Carter, American science-fiction writer (Lost World of Time), dies at age 57. [1] February 8 * Allan Cuthbertson, actor (Running Man, 7th Dawn), dies at age 67. [1] * NASA launches DOD-2. [1] February 9 * Death of Kurt Adler, conductor, in Ross, California (born in Vienna, Austria). [37] February 10 * In Japan, Enix releases the Dragon Quest III video game for the Famicom. (About 3.4 million copies are sold.) [9] * Three-judge panel of 9th US Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco, California strikes down Army's ban on homosexuals (later overturned by appeal). [1] * Rocky Malebane-Metsing coup in Bophuthatswana fails. [1] February 12 * Anthony M. Kennedy is appointed to the Supreme Court of the United States. [82] (February 11 [1]) February 13 * European Community plans removal of inner boundaries on January 1, 1992. [1] February 14

965

* Alfredo Stroessner re-elected President of Paraguay. [1] * Frederick Loewe, US composer (My Fair Lady), dies at age 84 in Palm Springs, California (born in Vienna, Austria). [1] [37] February 15 * Gardiner Means, US economist, dies at age 91. [1] * Gerard Holt, architect, dies at age 83. [1] * Neil R[onald] Jones, science fiction writer (Space War, Twin Worlds), dies at age 78. [1] * Richard P Feynman, American physicist (Nobel Prize 1965, Physical Law), dies at age 69 (born 1918). [1] [82] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] February 16 * First documented combat action by US military advisors in El Salvador. [1] February 17 * US Lieutenant Colonel William Higgins, serving with a United Nations group monitoring a truce in southern Lebanon, is kidnapped by Lebanese terrorists. [1] [82] February 18 * Anthony M Kennedy sworn in as US Supreme Court Justice. [1] February 19 * Death of René Char, French poet (born 1907). [82] * Death of André Frédéric Cournand, French-born physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1895). [82] February 20 * 500 die in heavy rains in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. [1] * Peter Kalikow purchases New York Post from Rupert Murdoch for US$37.6 million. [1] February 21 * During a live TV broadcast, televangelist Jimmy Swaggart confesses to an unspecified sin, then announces he would be leaving his ministry for an unspecified length of time. [1] [82]

966

February 24 * Irwan Chanin, US theater builder, dies at age 96. [1] * South African apartheid regime bans the United Democratic Front. [1] * The Supreme Court of the United States sides with Hustler magazine (voting 8-0) by overturning a lower court decision to award Jerry Falwell US$200,000 for defamation. [1] [82] February 25 * Amapola Del Vando, actress (Cowboy), dies at age 78. [1] * South Korea adopts constitution. [1] * Death of Kurt Mahler, German born Australian mathematician (born 1903). [82] February 27 * Gulfstream G-IV goes around the world 36:08:34. [1] February 28 * Anti-Armenian pogrom in Azerbaijan, 30 killed. [1] * Mikha'il Na'imah, Lebanese playwright, dies at age 99. [1] February 29 * New York City Mayor Koch calls Reagan a "WIMP" in the war on drugs. [1] * A Nazi document implicates Kurt Waldheim in W.W. II deportations. [1] [82] March 1 * Courtney Gibbs Eplin, 21, (Texas), crowned 37th Miss USA. [1] * Iraq says it launched 16 missiles into Tehran, Iran. [1] * Jean Le Poulain, actor (The Gorillas), dies at age 63. [1] * Joe Besser, comedian (The Three Stooges, Abbott and Costello), dies at age 80 (born 1907). [1] [82] * Pontiac announces the end of the Fiero automobile. [1] March 2 * 30th Grammy Awards: "Graceland", Joshua Tree, Jody Watley win. [1] * Dutch Liberal Party merges with SDP. [1] March 3 * Lois Wilson, actress (Crash, Deluge, Bright Eyes), dies. [1] * Sewall Wright, US geneticist (evolution model), dies at age 98. [1]

967

March 5 * Death of Alberto Olmedo, Argentine comedian and actor (born 1933). [82] March 6 * 18th Easter Seal Telethon raises US$35,200,000. [1] * Three Irish Republican Army suspects shot dead in Gibraltar by SAS officers. [1] * Konstantin Iliev, composer, dies at age 63. [1] * In the Gulf of Alaska, a magnitude 7.7 earthquake occurs. [53] March 7 * Divine [Harris Glenn Milstead], American transvestite actor (Hairspray, Polyester, Pink Flamingos), dies in Los Angeles, California at age 42 (born 1945). [1] [82] * Robert Livingston, actor (Lone Ranger), dies at age 83 of emphysema. [1] * Operation Flavius: British Special Air Services fatally shoot three unarmed Irish Republican Army members in Gibraltar. [82] March 8 * U.S. presidential candidate George Herbert Walker Bush defeats Robert Dole in numerous Republican primaries and caucuses on "Super Tuesday." [82] * Two U.S. Army helicopters collide in Fort Campbell, Kentucky, killing 17 servicemen. [82] * Death of Werner Hartmann, German physicist (born 1912). [82] * Death of Henryk Szeryng, Polish-born violinist (born 1918). [82] March 9 * Kurt Georg Kiesinger, third West German chancellor (1966-69), dies at age 83 (born 1904). [1] [37] March 10 * Andy Gibb, British singer, dies in Oxford, England of an inflammatory heart virus at age 30 (born 1958). [1] [82] * Avalanche at Swiss ski resort "Klosters" nearly kills Prince Charles. [1] * William Brocklesby Wordsworth, composer, dies at age 79. [1] March 11 * Pham Hung, premier of Vietnam, dies at about age 74. [1] * Utrecht conservatory destroyed by fire. [1] * British pound note ceases to be legal tender, replaced by one-pound coin. [1]

968

March 13 * 14th People's Choice Awards: Fatal Attraction, Bill Cosby win. [1] * Olive Carey, actress (Affairs With a Stranger), dies at age 92. [1] March 15 * Dmitri F Polyakov, Russian Secretary-General/top spy for US, executed. [1] * Eugene Marino of Atlanta, Georgia, USA appointed first African American archbishop. [1] * NASA reports accelerated breakdown of ozone layer by chlorofluorocarbons. [1] March 16 * Dorothy Adams Foulger, actress (Laura, Devil Commands), dies at age 88. [1] * Federal grand jury indicts Marine Lieutenant Colonel Oliver L. North and Navy Vice Admiral John M. Poindexter in Iran-Contra affair on charges of conspiracy to defraud the United States. [1] [82] * North-Ireland Protestant fires on Catholic funeral, three killed. [1] * US sends 3000 soldiers to Nicaragua's neighbor Honduras. [1] * The Halabja poison gas attack is carried out by Iraqi government forces. [82] March 17 * A Colombian Boeing 727 jetliner, Avianca Flight 410, crashes into the side of the mountains near the Venezuelan border killing 143. [82] * The Nadew Command, an Ethiopian army corps in Eritrea, is attacked on three sides by military units of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) in the opening action of the Battle of Afabet. [82] * Iran says Iraq uses poison gas. [1] * Apple Computer files a copyright infringement suit against Microsoft, claiming copyright infringement by Windows 2.0 of graphical display technology used in the Macintosh. (A judge rules against Apple, but the case drags on for seven years, ending when the Supreme Court refuses to hear the case.) [4] March 19 * British Army Corporals Woods and Howes are lynched in Belfast, North Ireland. [1] [82] March 20 * Gil Evans, Canadian/US jazz composer (Out of the Cool), dies at age 75. [1] * Death of Ralph Wright, Writer and American actor (born 1908). [82]

969

* Having defeated the Nadew Command, the EPLF enters the town of Afabet, victoriously concluding the Battle of Afabet. [82] March 21 * 23rd Academy of Country Music Awards: Randy Travis and Hank Williams Jr. [1] March 22 * US Congress overrides Reagan's veto of sweeping civil rights bill. [1] March 24 * Gospel at Colonus opens at Lunt Fontanne Theater in New York City for 61 performances. [1] * An Israeli court sentences Mordechai Vanunu to 18 years in prison for disclosing Israel's nuclear program to The Sunday Times. [82] March 25 * NASA launches space vehicle S-206. [1] * The Candle Demonstration in Bratislava, Slovakia is the first mass demonstration of the 1980s against the communist regime in Czechoslovakia. [82] March 26 * U.S. presidential candidate Jesse Jackson defeats Michael Dukakis in the Michigan Democratic caucuses, becoming the temporary front-runner for the party's nomination. [82] March 27 * Jan van den Weghe, Flemish writer, dies at about age 67. [1] * Wrestlemania IV at Trump Plaza, "Macho Man" Savage pins Ted Dibiase. [1] March 29 * US Congress discontinues aid to Nicaraguan contras. [1] * African National Congress representative Dulcie September is assassinated in Paris. [82] March 30 * Second Soul Train Music Awards. [1] March 31

970

* Last East Limburg coal mine closes in Gent, Belgium. [1] * Pulitzer prize awarded to Toni Morrison for Beloved. [1] * Talib Rasul Hakim, composer, dies at age 48. [1] * Death of Sir William McMahon, twentieth Prime Minister of Australia (born 1908). [82] April 1 * Jim Jordan, actor (Fibber McGee), dies from a blod clot at age 91 (born 1896). [1] [82] * Marius W Holtrop, economist/president (Netherlands Bank), dies at age 85. [1] April 3 * Milton A Caniff, US cartoonist (Terry and the Pirates), dies at age 81. [1] [82] * Somalia and Ethiopia sign accord about Ogaden desert. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] April 4 * Eddie Hill becomes first to drag race a quarter mile in under 5 seconds. [1] * Last broadcast of Crossroads on British TV. [1] * Governor Evan Mecham of Arizona is convicted in his impeachment trial and removed from office. [82] April 5 * Alf Kjellin, Swedish actor/director (Juggler), dies. [1] April 6 * North pole explorer Matthew Henson buried next to Robert Peary in Arlington, Virginia. [1] April 7 * Cesar Bresgen, Austrian composer/organist, dies at age 74. [1] * Gerrit John Heijns, murderer, arrested. [1] * Russia announces it will withdraw its troops from Afghanistan. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] April 9 * Brook Benton, singer (Just a Matter of Time), dies of meningitis at age 56. [1] * US imposes economic sanctions on Panamá. [1]

971

April 10 * 8th Golden Raspberry Awards: Leonard Part 6 wins. [1] * The Great Seto Bridge opens to traffic in Japan. [82] April 11 * David Prater, US singer (Sam and Dave - "Soul Man"), dies in car crash at age 50. [1] * Jeff Donnell, actor (Hoedown, Nine Girls), dies of a heart attack at age 66. [1] * Royal Concert building in Amsterdam reopens. [1] * The Last Emperor (directed by Bernardo Bertolucci) wins nine Oscar awards. [82] April 12 * Alan Stewart Paton, South African writer, dies (born 1903). [1] [82] * Harvard University patents genetically engineered mouse (first for animal life). [1] * Death of Harry McShane, Scottish socialist (born 1891). [82] April 13 * Italy government of De Mita forms. [1] April 14 * Herbert Reynolds Inch, composer, dies at age 83. [1] * Johan Franco, composer, dies at age 79. [1] * USSR, US, Pakistan, and Afghanistan sign Afghanistan treaty (Geneva Accords). The Soviet Union commits itself to withdrawal of its forces from Afghanistan. [1] [82] * The USS Samuel B. Roberts (FFG-58) strikes a naval mine in the Persian Gulf. [82] April 15 * Hendrikus G "Han" Hoekstra, Dutch poet (Zandloper), dies at age 81. [1] * Death of Kenneth Williams, British actor and raconteur, at age 61 (born 1926). [1] [82] * Meteorite explodes above Indonesia. [1] April 16 * Jacques de Kadt, Dutch second chamber member (Socialist-Democrat), dies at age 90. [1] * Khalil al-Wazir (Abu Jihad), Palestinian Liberation Organization military commander, assassinated by Israeli commandos in Tunisia. [1] [82]

972

* In Forlì, Italy, the brigate rosse kill Senator Roberto Ruffilli, an advisor of Prime Minister Ciriaco de Mita. [82] April 17 * Eva Novak, actress (Medicine Man), dies of pneumonia at age 90. [1] * Louise Nevelson, Ukrainian-born American sculptor, dies of a brain tumor at age 88 (born 1900). [1] [82] April 18 * United States Navy retaliates for the Roberts mining with Operation Praying Mantis, in a day of strikes against Iranian oil platforms and naval vessels. [82] April 20 * US accuses Renamo of killing 100,000 Mozambiquians. [1] April 22 * Irene Rich, US actress (Beau Brumell, Champ), dies at age 96. [1] April 23 * A Greek pedals self-powered aircraft 74 miles. [1] * Arthur Michael, Lord Ramsey/archbishop of Canterbury, dies (born 1904). [1] [82] * US Federal smoking ban during domestic airline flights of two hours or less. [1] April 25 * Boris Kremenliev, composer, dies at age 76. [1] * Carolyn Franklin, singer/songwriter/son of Aretha, dies at age 43. [1] * Clifford D[onald] Simak, sci-fi author (Hugo, Way Station), dies at age 83. [1] * In Israel, Ivan Demjanjuk is sentenced to death for war crimes committed in World War II. (The conviction is later overturned by the Israeli Supreme Court.) [1] [82] * NASA launches space vehicle S-211. [1] April 26 * First TNN Viewers Choice Awards-Randy Travis wins in five categories. [1] * Death of James McCracken, American tenor, at age 61 (born 1926). [82] (April 30 [1]) * Death of Valerie Solanas, American author (born 1936). [82] April 28

973

* Aloha Airlines Boeing 737 Flight 243 roof partially tears off in flight; kills stewardess. [1] [82] April 29 * Andrew Cruickshank, actor (Body in Library, Murder Most Foul), dies. [1] * Jan Kapr, composer, dies at age 74. [1] April 30 * Largest banana split ever, at 4.55 miles long, is made in Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania. [1] * World Expo '88 opens in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The exhibition runs for six months, hosting pavilions from over 70 countries. [1] [82] May 1 * Carroll Righter, astrologer, dies at age 88 of prostate cancer. [1] * Irish Republican Army attack in Roermond, kills three. [1] * Paolo Stoppa, actor (Garibaldi, Visit, Freedom Fighters), dies. [1] May 2 * Jackson Pollock's Search sold for US$4,800,000. [1] May 3 * 4,200 kg Colombian cocaine is seized at Tarpon Springs, Florida. [1] * Jasper Johns' Diver sold for US$4,200,000. [1] * Death of Lev Semenovich Pontryagin, Russian mathematician (born 1908). [82] May 4 * A major explosion at an industrial solid-fuel rocket plant in Henderson, Nevada, causes damage extending up to 10 miles away, including Las Vegas's McCarran International Airport. [82] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] May 5 * George Rose, actor (Devil's Disciple, Hideaways), dies at age 68. [1] * Tamara Pos, Suriname/Dutch activist, dies. [1] May 7 * Divine [Harris Glenn Milstead] dies of natural causes at age 42. [1]

974

* USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya. [1] May 8 * François Mitterrand elected President of France. [1] * Robert A Heinlein, American science-fiction writer (Friday), dies of heart failure at age 80 (born 1907). [1] [82] May 9 * Australia's new parliament house is opened by Queen Elizabeth II. [1] * Eighth Belgian Government of Martens forms. [1] May 10 * Edgar Degas' Danseresje of 14 sells for US$10,120,000. [1] * Death of Shen Congwen, Chinese writer (born 1902). [82] * Death of Ciaran Bourke, member of The Dubliners, of a brain hemorrhage. [82] May 11 * France performs nuclear test. [1] * H A R (Kim) Philby, British double agent, dies (born 1912). [1] [82] * In Germany, the Bundestag parliament passes a law dividing the postal system (Die Deutsche Post) into the telephone system (Deutsche Telekom), the post office (Deutsche Post), and the postal bank. Private competition will be allowed in telephone long distance service. [37] May 12 * Chet Baker, American jazz trumpeter, falls to death out of a hotel window at age 59 (born 1929). [82] (May 13 [1]) May 14 * Willem Drees, Prime Minister of Netherlands (1948-58), dies at age 101. [1] * Near Carrollton, Kentucky, a drunk driver going the wrong way on Interstate 71 hits a converted school bus carrying a church youth group from Radcliff, Kentucky. The resulting fire kills 27. [82] May 15 * Second American Comedy Award: Robin Williams and Tracey Ullman. [1] * Andrew Duggan, actor (Jigsaw, Firehouse), dies of cancer at age 64. [1] * Greta Nissen, actress (Ambassador Bill), dies. [1] * Soviets begin withdrawal from Afghanistan. [1] [82]

975

May 16 * Kay Baxter, Best Bodybuilder in the World (1983-85), dies in car crash at age 42. [1] * Louise Wood, director of Girl Scouts of USA (1961-72), dies at age 78. [1] * US Surgeon General C Everett Koop reports nicotine as addictive as heroin. [1] [82] * US Supreme Court rules trash may be searched without a warrant. [1] [82] * Death of Charles Keeping, British illustrator (born 1924). [82] May 18 * Daws Butler, cartoon voice (Yogi Bear, Huckleberry Hound), dies at age 71 (born 1916). [1] [82] May 19 * Carlos Lehder Rivas, of Colombia's Medellín drug cartel, is convicted in Florida for smuggling more than three tons of cocaine into US. [1] * Virginia Farmer, actresss (Cyrano de Bergerac), dies at age 90. [1] May 20 * Apple Computer contracts with Quantum Computer Services to create AppleLink Personal Edition. (The service is later renamed America Online.) [4] May 21 * Dino Conte Grandi, Italian delegate to league of nations, dies at age 92. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * Death of Sammy Davis, Sr., American dancer (born 1900). [82] May 22 * Dennis Day, tenor/comedian (Jack Benny Show, Danny Boy), dies at age 71. [1] * Giorgio Almirante, Italian fascist (member of parliament), dies at age 73. [1] * Károly Grósz succeeds party leader János Kádár in Hungary. [1] May 23 * David Schoenbrun, CBS broadcast bureau head (Washington, Paris), dies at age 73. [1] * Maryland stops sale of cheap pistols on January 1, 1990. [1] May 24

976

* Section 28 (outlawing promotion of homosexuality in schools) is passed as law by Parliament in the United Kingdom. [82] * James "Hamish" Hamilton, British publisher (Salinger/Mitford), dies at age 87. [1] * John Moschitta sets record for fast talking: 586 words per minute. [1] * Porntip Nakhirunkanok, 19, of Thailand, crowned 37th Miss Universe. [1] May 27 * Death of Ernst Ruska, German physicist (Nobel Prize for Physics 1986, invented electronic microscope), in West Berlin, Germany (born 1906). [37] (May 25 [82]) * Florida Friebus, actress (Bob Newhart Show), dies of a stroke at age 79 (born 1909). [1] [82] * Melvin J "Cy" Oliver, US jazz composer/orchestra leader, dies at age 77. [1] * Renato Salvatori, actor (Burn, Luna, Two Women), dies. [1] * US Senate ratifies a treaty eliminating medium-range nuclear missiles. [1] May 29 * President Zia ul-Haq fires government/disbands parliament in Pakistan. [1] May 30 * Ella Raines, actress (Uncle Harry, Runaround, Impact), dies at age 66. [1] May 31 * U.S. President Ronald Reagan addresses 600 Moscow State University students, during his visit to the Soviet Union. [82] June 2 * Horace A Hildreth (Governor-Maine, 1945-49), dies at age 85. [1] June 5 * Clarence M Pendleton, US chairman of committee on Civil Rights (1981-88) dies. [1] June 6 * Ella Raines, actress, dies of throat cancer at age 67. [1] * US Presidential candidate George Bush makes campaign promise to support reparations for WW II. [1] June 9

977

* US Attorney General Edwin Meese orders Joseph Doherty deported to the United Kingdom. [1] June 10 * Louis L'Amour, western writer, dies at age 80 of cancer. [1] June 11 * Giuseppe Saragat, president of Italy (1964-71), dies at age 89. [1] * Nathan Cook, actor (White Night), dies of an allergic reaction at age 38. [1] * Wembley Stadium hosts a concert featuring stars from the fields of music, comedy and film, in celebration of the 70th birthday of imprisoned African National Congress leader Nelson Mandela. [82] June 13 * US Supreme Court refuses to hear Yonkers argument they aren't racist. [1] June 15 * First launch of the European Space Program of the Ariane rocket. [37] * NASA launches space vehicle S-213. [1] June 17 * Women sentenced to 90 years in first product tampering murder case. [1] June 22 * Dennis Day, Irish-American singer and radio and television personality (Jack Benny Show), dies of Lou Gehrigs disease at age 71 (born 1916). [1] [82] * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures animated and live-action feature film Who Framed Roger Rabbit? to theaters. It cost US$50.6 million to make, and another US$30 million for marketing. This film marks the first-ever on-screen meeting of Donald Duck and Daffy Duck. The film is based on the book Who Censored Roger Rabbit? by Gary Wolf. (This becomes Disney's third blockbuster movie for the year. North American theater gross receipts: US$154.2 million; worldwide: US$330 million.) [6] June 25 * Death of Hillel Slovak, Israeli-born guitarist (Red Hot Chili Peppers) (born 1962). [82] June 26

978

* Death of Hans Urs von Balthasar, German theologian, cardinal, (born 1905 in Lucerne, Switzerland). [37] June 27 * Mike Tyson knocks out Michael Spink in 91 seconds, in Atlantic City (US$67 million). [1] June 28 * Four workers are asphyxiated at a metal-plating plant in Auburn, Indiana (a fifth victim dies two days later). [82] June 29 * The United States Supreme Court upholds the law allowing special prosecutors to investigate suspected crimes by executive branch officials. [82] June 30 * Roman Catholic Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre consecrates four bishops at Ecône, Switzerland for his apostolate, along with Bishop Antonio de Castro Mayer, without a papal mandate. [82] July 3 * Gabe Dell, actor, dies at age 68 of leukemia. [1] * The Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey is completed, providing the second connection between the continents of Europe and Asia over the Bosporus. [82] * US navy ship USS Vincennes shoots down Iran Air Flight 655 civilian jetliner over Gulf, kills 290. [82] (July 4 [1]) July 4 * Death of Adrian Adonis, American wrestler (born 1954). [82] July 6 * The Piper Alpha drilling platform in the North Sea is destroyed by explosions and fires, killing 165 oil workers and two rescue mariners. [82] * Carlos Salinas de Gortari elected president of Mexico. [1] July 7 * Soviet Union launches Phobos 1 to probe Martian moon (unsuccessful). [1]

979

July 8 * Stevie Wonder announces he will run for mayor of Detroit in 1992. [1] * Death of Ray Barbuti, American athlete (born 1905). [82] July 9 * Barbara Woodhouse, dog trainer, dies at age 78 of a stroke. [1] July 12 * Joshua Logan, Broadway producer, dies at age 79 of palsy. [1] * USSR launches Phobos II for Martian orbit. [1] July 13 * The film The Dead Pool is released to theaters in the USA. [8] July 14 * 200,000 demonstrate in Soviet Armenia for incorporation of Nagorno-Karabak. [1] * Volkswagen closes its Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania plant after 10 years of operation (the first factory built by a non-American automaker in the U.S.). [82] July 15 * Eleanor Estes, author (Ginger Pye, Moffats), dies at age 82. [1] July 17 * Highest temperature ever recorded in San Francisco, California: 103 degrees F (39 degrees C). [1] * Death of Bruiser Brody, American professional wrestler (born 1946). [82] July 18 * Death of Nico, singer-songwriter, fashion model, actress and Warhol socialite (born 1938). [82] July 20 * The Democratic National Convention in Atlanta, Georgia nominates Michael Dukakis for U.S. President and Lloyd Bentsen for Vice President. [1] [82] July 21

980

* Death of Jack Clark, American television personality and Game Show host (born 1921). [82] * ESA's Ariane-3 launches two communications satellites (one Indian). [1] July 22 * 500 US scientists pledge to boycott Pentagon germ-warfare research. [1] * Luigi Lucioni, Italian landscape painter (opera stars), dies at age 87. [1] July 25 * Death of Judith Barsi, American child actress (born 1978). [82] July 27 * Death of Frank Zamboni, American inventor (born 1901). [5] [82] July 28 * Israeli diplomats arrive in Moscow for first visit in 21 years. [1] * Jordan cancels $1.3 billion development plan in West Bank. [1] * Winnie Mandella's home in Soweto, South Africa destroyed by arson. [1] July 29 * Ellin Berlin (MacKay), Mrs Irving Berlin, dies at age 86. [1] * FDIC bails out First Republic Bank, in Dallas, Texas with $4 billion. [1] * Gorbachev pushes plan electing president and parliament in March, 1989. [1] * Judge orders NASA to release unedited tape from Challenger cockpit. [1] * Last US Playboy Club (Lansing, Michigan) closes. [1] * South African government bans anti-apartheid film Cry Freedom. [1] July 30 * Ronald J Dossenbach begins world record ride, pedaling across Canada. [1] July 31 * Thirty-two people are killed and 1,674 injured when a bridge at the Sultan Abdul Halim Ferry terminal collapses in Butterworth, Malaysia. [82] * Death of Trinidad Silva, American actor (born 1950). [82] August 1 * Deep Rover one-man research submarine unveiled at Crater Lake, Oregon. [1] * Florence Eldridge, Broadway actress (The Swan), dies at age 86. [1]

981

* John Cardinal Dearden, US cardinal, dies at age 80. [1] * Trindad Silva of TV show Hill Street Blues, dies at age 38 in an auto accident. [1] August 2 * Raymond Acevedo is retired from singing group Menudo. [1] * Raymond Carver, American poet/short story writer (Furious Season), dies at age 50 (born 1938). [1] [82] August 4 * US Congress votes $20,000 to each Japanese-American interned in WW II. [1] * Hertz car rental company will pay out US$23 million in consumer fraud case. [1] August 5 * The Malaysian constitutional crisis culminates in the ouster of the Lord President of Malaysia, Salleh Abas. [82] August 6 * In Myanmar, a magnitude 7.3 earthquake occurs. Five people killed, 42 injured. Felt throughout Bangladesh and northeastern India. [53] * (to August 7) A riot erupts in Tompkins Square Park (New York City) when police attempt to enforce a newly-passed curfew for the park. Bystanders, artists, residents, homeless people and political activists are caught up in the police action. [82] August 8 * Discovery of most distant galaxy (15 * 10 ^ 12 light years away) announced. [1] * Russian troops begin pull-out of Afghanistan after nine-year war. [1] * US Secretary of State George Shultz narrowly escapes assassination attempt in Bolivia. [1] * South Africa declares cease-fire in Angola. [1] * Death of Félix Leclerc, French-Canadian poet & singer (born 1914). [82] * Death of Alan Napier, American actor (Alfred the Butler on Batman), at age 85 (born 1903). [82] (August 9 [1]) * Thousands of protesters in Myanmar are killed during anti-government demonstrations. [82] August 9 * Just one day after 8/8/88 New York lottery's daily number is 888. [1] * Death of Giacinto Scelsi, Italian composer (born 1905). [82] * Death of Ramon Valdez, Mexican actor (born 1923). [82]

982

August 10 * Adela Rogers Saint John, journalist (Free Soul, Honeycomb), dies at age 94. [1] * Arias Arnulfo, three time president of Panama, dies at age 86. [1] * United Nations estimates Asia's population at three billion. [1] * In Solomon Islands, a magnitude 7.4 earthquake occurs. One person killed and about 100 homes washed away in 13 villages along the southwestern coast of San Cristobal where a tsunami flooded 50-100 metres inland. [53] August 11 * Anne Ramsey, American actress, dies of cancer at age 59 (born 1929). [1] [82] * Jean-Pierre Ponnele, opera director (Carmina Burana), dies at age 56. [1] * Meir Kahane renounces US citizenship to stay in Israeli Parliament. [1] August 12 * Movie Last Temptation of Christ is released. [1] * Richard Thornburgh becomes US Attorney General. [1] * Death of Jean-Michel Basquiat, American musician/graffiti painter (born 1960). [82] * Death of Bhakti Raksaka Sridhara Deva Gosvami Maharaja, religious Guru from India (born 1895). [82] August 13 * Otto E Passman (Representative-Democrat-Louisiana, 1947-77), dies at age 88. [1] * Ronald J Dossenbach sets world record for pedaling across Canada from Vancouver, British Columbia to Halifax, Nova Scotia in 13 days, 15 hours, 4 min. [1] August 14 * Enzo Ferrari, Italian sportscar manufacturer (Ferrari), dies at age 90 in Italy (born 1898). [1] [5] [82] August 16 * Jailed South African nationalist Nelson Mandela struck with tuberculosis. [1] August 17 * Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr (Representative-Democrat-New York, 1949-55) dies on 74th birthday (born 1914). [1] [5] [82] * The Pakistani president, Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, and the U.S. ambassador to Pakistan, Arnold Raphel, are killed in a plane crash near Bhawalpur. [1] [82] * New York City first case of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (9-year-old Bronx boy). [1]

983

August 18 * American FDA approves Minoxidil as a hair loss treatment. [1] * Frederick Ashton, choreographer (Cinderella), dies at age 83. [1] * The Republican National Convention in New Orleans, Louisiana nominates George H.W. Bush for President and James "Dan" Quayle for Vice President of the United States of America. [1] [82] August 19 * Iran and Iraq begin a cease-fire after eight years of war. [1] [82] August 20 * In the Nepal-India border region, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake occurs. 721 people killed, 6,553 injured and 64,470 buildings damaged in eastern Nepal. At least 277 people killed, thousands injured and extensive damage in northern Bihar, India. Felt in large parts of northern India from Delhi to the Burma border and in much of Bangladesh. [53] August 22 * Australia unveils first platinum coin (Koala). [1] * NBC premieres Later with Bob Costas (first guest Linda Ellerbee). [1] August 24 * Max Shulman, author (Dobie Gillis, Tender Trap), dies at age 69. [1] August 25 * NASA launches space vehicle S-214. [1] * Price Daniel (Governor/Senator-Democrat-Texas), dies at age 77. [1] * A fire destroys part of Chiado quarter, in Lisbon's historical center in Portugal. [82] August 26 * Mehran Karimi Nasseri, "The terminal man", is stuck in the De Gaulle Airport in Paris, France, where he will continue to reside until August 1, 2006. [82] August 27 * Death of William Sargant, British psychiatrist (born 1907). [82] August 28

984

* At Germany's Ramstein Air Base, three jets from the Italian air demonstration team, Frecce Tricolori, collide, sending one of the aircraft crashing into the crowd of spectators. Seventy-five people are killed and three-hundred and forty-six injured in one of the worst airshow disasters in history. [1] [82] August 29 * USSR launches three cosmonauts (Valery Polyakav, one Afghan) to station Mir. [1] August 31 * Five-day power blackout of downtown Seattle, Washington, USA begins. [1] September 1 * Nintendo releases the Super Mario Bros. 2 video game for the Nintendo Entertainment System in the US. (Total sales: 7.46 million.) [9] * Leonor Sullivan (Representative-Democrat-Missouri, 1955-77), dies at age 86. [1] * Death of Luis Alvarez, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1911). [82] September 2 * Amnesty International's Human Rights Now! tour begins in Wembley, England. [1] September 5 * Jerry Lewis' 23rd Labor Day telethon raises record US$41,132,113. [1] * With US$2 billion in federal aid, the Robert M. Bass Group agrees to buy the United States's largest thrift, American Savings and Loan Association. [82] * Death of Gert Fröbe, German actor (born 1913). [82] September 6 * Crippled soviet Soyuz TM-5 lands safely with two cosmonauts aboard. [1] September 7 * Security and Exchange Commission accuses Drexel of violating security laws. [1] September 11 * George Alpert, railroad executive, dies at age 90. [1] * Luis W Alvarez, physicist (Nobel Prize-1968), dies at age 77. [1] * Peter Tosh, reggae singer, shot dead at age 43 in Jamaica. [1] * In Estonia, 300,000 demonstrate for independence. [82]

985

September 12 * Alan Bible (Senator-Democrat-Nevada, 1954-74), dies at age 78. [1] * William Mitchell dies of a heart attack from a brain tumor. [8] * Hurricane Gilbert, strongest ever (160 mph), devastates Jamaica. [1] [82] * Lauris Norstad, NATO commander/CEO Corning Fiberglass, dies at age 71. [1] * Death of Roger Hargreaves, author of the Mr. Men series (born 1935). [82] September 13 * Hurricane Gilbert becomes strongest (26.13 barometer) hurricane in Western Hemisphere. [1] September 14 * Louis Quinn, actor, dies at age 73 of cancer. [1] September 16 * Death of Dick Pym, English footballer (born 1893). [82] September 18 * Death of Mohammad-Hossein Shahriar, Iranian Azari poet (born 1906). [82] September 19 * Israel launches first satellite, for secret military reconnaissance. [1] * Oren Lee Staley, first president of National Farmers Organization (1955-79), dies at age 65. [1] September 21 * Robert Gwathmey, artist, dies at age 85. [1] * Death of Glenn Robert Davis, member of United States Congress (born 1914). [82] September 22 * The Ocean Odyssey drilling rig suffers a blowout and fire in the North Sea. [82] September 24 * Barbara C Harris of Massachusetts elected first woman Episcopal bishop. [1] * (to September 26) Large, militant protests against the 1988 World Bank and IMF meetings take place in West Berlin. [82]

986

September 25 * Billy Carter, President Carter's brother, dies of cancer at age 51. [1] September 26 * New York City's Rockefeller Center declared a national landmark. [1] * Polish communist party picks propaganda chief Rakowski as new Prime Minister. [1] September 27 * Lab tests reportedly show Shroud of Turin not Christ's burial cloth. [1] * US Senate votes for major federal tax code changes. [1] * William V Shannon, US ambassador to Ireland (1977-81), dies at age 61. [1] September 28 * Bronx Museum for the Arts opens in New York. [1] * Charles Addams, American cartoonist (Addams Family), dies at age 76 of heart attack (born 1912). [82] (September 29 [1]) September 29 * NASA resumes space shuttle flights, grounded after the Challenger disaster, with the 26th Space Shuttle mission, Discovery 7. Challenger disaster, with Space Shuttle Discovery. [1] [82] * United Nations peacekeeping forces win Nobel Peace prize. [1] September 30 * Andrei A Gromyko retires. [1] * IBM announces shipment of three millionth PS/2 personal computer. [1] * Joachim Prinz, author/Rabbi of Berlin (1926-37), dies at age 86. [1] October 1 * Death of Sacheverell Sitwell, English writer (born 1897). [82] October 3 * 26th Space Shuttle Mission, Discovery 7 returns to Earth after four days. [1] * Franz Josef Strauss, German Federal Republic minister of defense (1956-62), dies at age 73. [1] [37] * Generoso Pope Jr, National Enquirer owner, dies at age 61. [1] * Lebanese kidnappers release Mithileshwar Singh (held for 30 months). [1]

987

October 4 * Pillsbury stock soars $18.37 to $57.37 on takeover bid. [1] October 5 * Israel bans Meir Kahane's Kach Party on grounds of racism. [1] * Thousands riot in Algiers, Algeria against the National Liberation Front government. [82] * Chilean president Augusto Pinochet is defeated in a national plebiscite which sought to renew his mandate. [82] October 7 * Billy Daniels, singer, dies of cancer at age 73. [1] * Latvian flag raised in Riga for first time since annexation by USSR. [1] October 8 * Fire in Seattle's Space Needle causes evacuation, $2,000 damage. [1] October 9 * Edward Chodorov, playwright/director (Louis Pasteur), dies at age 84. [1] * Death of Jackie Milburn, English footballer (born 1924). [82] * Felix Wankel, developer of the Wankel rotary engine, dies in Lindau, Germany. [1] [37] October 11 * Women are allowed to study at Magdalene College, Cambridge, for the first time. Male students wear black armbands and the porter flies a black flag. [82] * Waylon Flowers, puppeteer, dies at age 48. [1] October 12 * NeXT launches its first public debut of the NeXT Computer at Davies Symphony Hall in San Francisco, California. [5] * Israel and China sign trade deal, plan diplomatic relations. [1] * Two Victoria Police officers are gunned down, execution style, in Australia. [82] * Ken Murray, entertainer, dies at age 85. [1] * Death of Ruth Manning-Sanders, British children's author (born 1895). [82] October 13 * Concert at Masada ends Israel's 40th-anniversary fest. [1]

988

October 15 * Amnesty International's Global Concert Tour ends in Buenos Aires, Argentina. [1] * Death of Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji, English composer and pianist (born 1892). [82] October 17 * 31 reported dead as Ugandan jetliner crashes in fog near Rome, Italy. [1] * Phillip Morris announces US$11 Billion tender offer for Kraft. [1] * Rockin Robin beats "Sensational" Sherri Martel for WWF women's title. [1] October 18 * Israel's supreme court uphold's ban on Kahane's Kach Party as racist. [1] October 19 * Three Americans win Nobel Prize in physics; three West Germans win chemistry Nobel Prize. [1] * Britain bans broadcast interviews with Irish Republican Army members. [1] * Car bomb kills 7 Israelis, wounds 11 near Lebanon border. [1] * South Africa anti-apartheid leader Sisulu wins $100,000 Human Rights prize. [1] * Death of Son House, American musician (born 1902). [82] * US Senate passes bill curbing ads during children's TV shows. [1] October 20 * Britain ends suspects right to remain silent in crackdown on Irish Republican Army. [1] * Man armed with explosives blows self up in 125 Steet subway station (New York City). [1] October 21 * Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos indicted on racketeering charges. [1] October 22 * Death of Henry Armstrong, American boxer (born 1912). [82] October 24 * Typhoon Ruby sinks Philippine ferry; hundreds drown. [1] October 26

989

* The Callaway Sledgehammer Corvette reaches a top speed of 254.76 MPH at the Transportation Research Center in Ohio. making it the fastest street car. [8] October 27 * S.B. Fuller, founder of Fuller products, dies at age 83. [1] * Death of Charles Hawtrey, English Comic Actor (born 1914). [82] October 29 * 2,000 US anti-abortion protesters arrested for blocking clinics. [1] * China announces a herbal male contraceptive. [1] * Pakistan's General Rahimuddin Khan resigns from his post as the governor of Sindh, following attempts by the President of Pakistan, Ghulam Ishaq Khan, to limit the vast powers General Rahimuddin had accumulated. [82] October 30 * Philip Morris buys Kraft Foods for US$13.1 billion. [82] * Two gambling clubs and one player share US$61.38 million California lotto jackpot. [1] * Expo '88 in Brisbane, Australia, draws to a close after a six month spectacular. [82] October 31 * John Houseman, Romanian-born actor and producer, dies of spinal cancer at age 86 (born 1902). [1] [82] * Journalists demand greater press freedom in Yugoslavia. [1] November 1 * Helmut Kohl and the French President, Francois Mitterrand jointly receive the Charlemagne Prize (Karlspreis) of the city of Aachen for their efforts on behalf of European unity. [37] November 2 * Robert Tappan Morris Jr. unleashes a "worm" program on the ARPAnet computer network (Internet). Over two days, it crashes 10-20 percent of all connected computers. [1] [5] [15] * Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir's Likud party wins election in Israel. [1] (November 1 [82]) November 3

990

* Pakistan claims it downed Afghan warplane. [1] * Reagan signs credit-card disclosure-bill. [1] * Soviet Union agrees to allow teaching of Hebrew. [1] * Talk-show host Geraldo Rivera's nose is broken as Roy Innis brawls with skinheads at TV taping. [1] * (to November 5) Thousands of South Korean students demonstrate against former president Chun Doo Hwan. [82] November 5 * Cornell confirms grad student (Robert Tappan Morris, Jr) source of worst computer sabotage. [1] November 6 * In the Burma-China Border Region, a magnitude 7.3 earthquake occurs. 730 people killed, 3,900 injured, 267,000 homeless, 29 reservoirs severely damaged and 67 percent of the public buildings destroyed in the Lancang-Menglian area, China. [53] November 8 * George Bush (Republican) beats Mike Dukakis (Democrat) for American Presidency. [1] [82] November 9 * John Mitchell, former American Attorney General and convicted Watergate criminal, dies of heart attack in Washington (born 1913). [1] [82] November 11 * Oldest known insect fossils (390 million years) reported in Science. [1] * In Sacramento, California, police find a body buried in the lawn of 60-year-old boardinghouse landlady Dorothea Puente (seven bodies are eventually found and Puente is convicted of three murders and sentenced to life in prison). [82] * Death of William Ifor Jones, Welsh conductor & organist (born 1900). [82] November 13 * Death of Antal Dorati, Hungarian conductor (born 1906). [82] November 15 * 91-metre radio telescope dish at Green Bank, West Virginia collapses. [1] * An independent State of Palestine is proclaimed at the Palestinian National Council meeting in Algiers, by a vote of 253 to 46. [1] [82]

991

* In the Soviet Union, the unmanned space shuttle Buran is launched by an Energia rocket on its maiden orbital spaceflight (the first and last space flight for the shuttle). [1] [82] November 16 * In the first open election in eleven years, voters in Pakistan choose populist candidate Benazir Bhutto to be Prime Minister. [1] [82] * The Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR declares that Estonia is "sovereign" but stops short of declaring independence. [1] [82] November 17 * Sheilah Graham, gossip columnist, dies of heart failure at age 84. [1] November 18 * U.S. President Ronald Reagan signs a bill providing the death penalty for drug traffickers. [82] November 19 * Christine Onassis, American shipping heiress, dies of heart failure at age 37 (born 1950). [1] [82] November 21 * Ted Turner officially buys Jim Crockett Promotions, known as NWA Crockett, and turns it into World Championship Wrestling (WCW). [82] * Brian Mulroney and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada win a second majority government. [82] November 22 * In Palmdale, California, the first prototype B-2 Spirit stealth bomber is revealed. [82] November 23 * In South Africa President Botha reprieves the Sharpeville Six. [1] * Former Korean president Chun Doo Hwan publicly apologizes for corruption during his presidency, announcing he will go into exile. [82] November 25 * Convention on exploitation of Antarctic mineral resources signed. [1]

992

* In southern Quebec, Canada, a magnitude 5.9 earthquake occurs. Felt to the east coast, and as far south as Washington, D.C. [1] [53] November 26 * Alexander Volkov, Sergei Krikalev, and Jean-Loup Chretien launch. [1] * Pioneer 6's closest approach to Earth since 1965 launch (1.87 million km). [1] November 27 * John Carradine, American actor, dies at age 82 of kidney failure (born 1906). [1] [82] November 28 * Picasso's painting Acrobat and Harlequin sells for US$38.46 million. [1] November 30 * Cyclone lashes Bangladesh, Eastern India; 317 killed. [1] * Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. buys RJR Nabisco for US$25.07 billion in the biggest leveraged buyout deal of all time. [82] * Soviets stop jamming Radio Liberty; first time in 38 years. [1] * United Nations General Assembly (151-2) censures US for refusing Palestinian Liberation Organization's Arafat visa. [1] December 1 * 596 dead after cyclone hits Bangladesh, half a million homeless. [1] * Benazir Bhutto named first female Prime Minister of a Muslim country (Pakistan). [1] * Chinese minister of Foreign affairs Qian Qichen visits Moscow, Russia. [1] December 2 * The Naked Gun film premieres, a movie based on TV's Police Squad. [1] * Five gunmen who hijacked Soviet Aeroflot jet surrender in Israel. [1] * United Nations votes 151-2 (Israel and US against, Britain abstains) to move Palestinian Liberation Organization debate to Geneva. [1] * A cyclone in Bangladesh leaves 5 million homeless and thousands dead. [82] * Benazir Bhutto is sworn in as Prime Minister of Pakistan, becoming the first woman to head the government of an Islam-dominated state. [82] * Death of Tata Giacobetti, Italian singer and lyricist (Quartetto Cetra) (born 1922). [82] December 3

993

* New York Lotto pays US$45 million to twelve winners (numbers are 1-8-13-18-2848). [1] December 4 * USSR performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya. [1] December 5 * North Carolina federal grand jury indicts PTL founder Jim Bakker on fraud and conspiracy. [1] * Shuttle Atlantis (STS-27) launches world's first nuclear-war-fighting satellite. [1] December 6 * In southern Iran, a magnitude 5.7 earthquake occurs. [53] * Yasser Arafat meets prominent American Jews in Stockholm, Sweden. [1] * Bill Harris, US guitarist (Clovers-"Love Potion No 9"), dies at age 63. [1] * Carlos Andrés Pérez re-elected President of Venezuela. [1] * Nelson Mandela is transferred to Victor Vester Prison, Capetown, South Africa. [1] * Roy Orbison, American rock singer ("Pretty Woman", "Only the Lonely"), dies of a massive heart attack at age 52 (born 1936). [1] [82] * STS-27 Atlantis lands in California after secret mission. [1] December 7 * Andrei P Ershov, Russian computer pioneer, dies. [1] * Christopher Connelly, actor (Liar's Moon, Hawmps), dies at age 47. [1] * In Armenia, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake occurs. At least 25,000 people killed, 19,000 injured and 500,000 homeless. Damage totals US$16.2 billion. [1] [53] [82] * Gorbachev announces 10 percent unilateral Soviet troop reductions at United Nations. [1] * Mikhail Gorbachev cheered by Wall Street crowds upon arrival in New York City. [1] * Peter Langan, Irish restaurateur (Langans London), dies in fire. [1] * Estonian becomes the official language of Estonia. [82] December 8 * Anne Seymour, actress (Misty, Chevy Mystery Show), dies at age 79. [1] * Herbert "Tubo" Rhoad, US singer (Persuasions-Good news), dies at age 44. [1] December 9 * The last Dodge Aries and Plymouth Reliant roll off the assembly line in a Chrysler factory. [82]

994

December 10 * Dick Clair, comedian (Clair and McMahon, Facts of Life), dies of AIDS. [1] * Richard Castellano, actor (Honor thy Father), dies at age 55. [1] December 12 * In London, England, three trains collide at the Clapham Junction killing 35 and injuring 132. [1] [82] * John Canning, New York Post managing editor, dies at age 56. [1] * Palestinian Liberation Organization leader Yasser Arafat accepts Israel's right to exist. [1] December 13 * Yasser Arafat addresses United Nations in Geneva, Switzerland. [1] December 14 * Spanish general strike to protest austerity measures. [1] * US agrees to talk to Palestine Liberation Organization (first time in 13 years). [1] December * American TV show The Young and the Restless hits number one on the US Nielsen ratings of daytime drama shows. ((and will remain there for at least the next 1000 consecutive weeks.)) [156.13] December 16 * Political cult leader Lyndon LaRouche convicted of tax, mail fraud. [1] * Death of Sylvester James, American R&B singer, disco performer (born 1948). [82] December 17 * USS Tennessee, first submarine to carry Trident 2 missiles, commissioned. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] December 19 * NASA unveils plans for lunar colony and manned missions to Mars. [1] * Unexploded WWII bomb found in Frankfurt, Germany-5,000 evacuated. [1] December 20 * Animal rights terrorists fire-bomb Harrod's department store, London, England. [1]

995

* Max Robinson, network (ABC) TV anchor, dies of AIDS at age 49. [1] * The United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances is signed at Vienna, Austria. [82] * NBC signs lease to stay in New York City for 33 more years. [1] * Premier Ranasinghe Premadasa elected President of Sri Lanka. [1] December 21 * Bob Steele [Robert Bradbury] dies after short illness at age 60. [1] * Drexel agrees guilt to security felonies, pays a US$650 million fine. [1] * New York-bound Pan Am Flight 103 jumbo jet explodes over Lockerbie, Scotland, killing all 259 people on the plane and 11 people on the ground. [1] [82] * Death of Nikolaas Tinbergen at age 81, Dutch/British ornithologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1907). [1] [82] * Vladimir Titov, Anatoly Levchenko, and Musa Manarov return to Earth (after a year) with Chretien. [1] December 22 * Two robbers wearing police uniforms rob armored truck of US$3 million in New Jersey. [1] * South Africa signs accord granting independence to South-West Africa. [1] * Tucker Smith, singer/dancer (Cool - West Side Story), dies. [1] * Tug hits oil barge, spreads 231,000 gallons on 300 miles of Western Australia and British Columbia coast. [1] * Brazilian union and environmental activist Chico Mendes is assassinated. [82] December 24 * In Spain, the El Gordo lottery draw first prize is US$194 million, shared by 72 winners. [40.41] December 26 * Anti-African student rebellion in People's Republic of China. [1] * John Loder, actor (Sabotage, Java Head), dies at age 90. [1] * Death of Glenn McCarthy, American oil tycoon and businessman (born 1907). [82] December 27 * Bulgaria stops jamming Radio Free Europe after more than three decades. [1] * Fox Harris, actor (Alienator, Warlords, Sid and Nancy), dies. [1] * Hal Ashby, academy-award winning director (Shampoo, 8 Million Ways to Die), dies of cancer at age 59. [1] December 28

996

* US second Circuit Court of Appeals affirms Yonkers is guilty of racism. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] December 29 * Victorian Post Office Museum in Australia closes. [1] December 30 * Canadian Senate okays free trade pact with US. [1] * Former Soviet President Brezhnev's son-in-law sentenced to 12-years (bribery). [1] * Mercedes-Benz pays US$20.2 million fine, failed to meet 1986 US government fuel standard. [1] * Oliver North subpoenas Ronald Reagan and George Bush as defense witnesses for upcoming trial. [1] * Yugoslav government resigns. [1] Year * Global mean surface temperature at highest point since accurate measurements in 1880. [58]

997

1989 January 1 * Year of the Young Reader begins. [1] January 3 * Russian newspaper Izvestia gets its first commercial advertisement. [1] * Death of Robert Banks, American chemist (born 1921). [43] January 4 * Comet Tempel 1 at perihelion. [1] * Over the Gulf of Sidra, two Libyan MiG-23 "Floggers" are engaged and shot down by two US Navy F-14 Tomcats. [1] [43] * US Vice President George Bush is first since Vice President Van Buren to declare himself President. [1] January 5 * Two French TV newsmen are arrested for trying to plant fake bombs on three airlines at JFK airport in security test. [1] January 7 * In Japan, the Showa period ends with the death of Emperor Hirohito (aka Emperor Showa) after 62 years and 14 days of his reign. Akihito becomes Emperor of Japan, beginning the Heisei period the following day. [1] [43] * International Conference on Limitation of Chemical Weapons opens in Paris. [1] * Death of Frank Adams, British mathematician (born 1930). [43] January 8 * In England, a British Midland Boeing 737-400 plane crashes on approach to East Midlands Airport, leaving 47 dead. [1] [43] * Johnny Jordaan [Jan van Musscher], Dutch folk singer, dies at age 64. [1] * Kenneth McMillan, actor (Our Family Honor, Malone, Concrete Beat), dies of heart attack at age 67. [1] * Soviet Union promises to eliminate stockpiles of chemical weapons. [1] January 9 * Pat Sajak Show premieres on CBS. [1] January 10

998

* In Australia, Assistant AFP Police Commissioner Colin Winchester gunned down in driveway of Canberra home. [43] * Cuban troops begin withdrawing from Angola. [43] * Death of Hai Teng, abbott of Shaolin Temple (born 1902?). [43] * Death of Herbert Morrison, American radio reporter (born 1905). [43] January 11 * 140 nations agree to ban chemical weapons (poison gas, etc.). [1] * Kindergarten student caught with loaded handgun at Bronx school, New York. [1] * Death of August Koern, Estonian statesman and diplomat (born 1900). [43] January 12 * Idi Amin expelled from Zaire. [1] * George Bush names William Bennett to be his Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy and James Watkins as Secretary of Energy. [43] January 13 * "Friday the 13th" virus strikes hundreds of personal computers in Britain. [1] * Joe Spinell, actor (Maniac, Star Crash, Strike Force), dies at age 51. [1] * Ruins of Mashkan-shapir (occupied 2050-1720 BC) found in Iraq. [1] * TV soap opera Ryan's Hope final episode after 13.5 year run. [1] * New York subway gunman Bernhard Goetz begins one-year jail sentence. [1] January 14 * Romance/Romance closes at Helen Hayes Theater in New York City, New York after 297 performances. [1] * 1,000 Muslims burn Salman Rushdies' Satanic Verses in Bradford, England. [1] * Former Belgian premier Paul Vanden Boeynants kidnapped. [1] January 15 * 10th ACE Cable Awards: HBO wins 35 awards. [1] * Big John Studd wins WWF's first Royal Rumble. [1] * Cerberal Palsy telethon raises US$22,600,000. [1] January 16 * Pierre Boileau, screenwriter (Vertigo), dies at age 82. [1] * Police arrest writer Vaclav Havel in Prague, Czechoslovakia. [1] * Romo Vincent, actor (Naked Jungle), dies. [1] * Trey Wilson, actor (Bull Durham, Twins, Raising Arizona), dies. [1]

999

* USSR announces plan for two-year manned mission to Mars. [1] * (to January 18) Race riots occur in Overtown, Miami, Florida. [43] January 17 * Patrick Edward Purdy kills five children, wounds 30 and then shoots himself in Stockton, California. [1] [43] * Sterling A Brown, US poet/critic (Southern Road), dies at age 87. [1] * Victoria Murden and Shirley Metz are first women to reach South Pole overland (on skis). [1] January 18 * Astronomers discover pulsar in remnants of Supernova 1987A (LMC). [1] * Bruce Chatwin, British writer, dies at age 49. [1] * Otis Redding, Dion, Rolling Stones, Temptations, and Stevie Wonder inducted into Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. [1] * The Communist Party of Poland votes to legalize Solidarity. [43] January 19 * Norma Varden, actress (Loose in London), dies. [1] * President Reagan pardons George Steinbrenner for illegal funds for Nixon. [1] January 20 * Beatrice Lillie, actress (Thoroughly Modern Millie), dies at age 94. [1] * George H. W. Bush succeeds Ronald Reagan as the 41st President of the United States of America. [1] [43] * The Soviets begin to airlift supplies to Afghanistan as they pull out. [43] January 21 * Death of Billy Tipton, American musician (born 1914). [43] January 22 * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakstan/Semipalatinsk. [1] * In Tajikistan, a magnitude 5.3 earthquake occurs. Two hundred seventy-four people killed, many injured, extensive damage. [53] January 23 * Challenge to "who is a Jew" law filed in Israeli Supreme Court. [1] * Salvador Dalí, Spanish Surrealist painter, dies in Spain at age 84 (born 1904). [1] [43]

1000

January 24 * Serial killer (100 women) Theodore Bundy is executed in Florida's electric chair. [1] [43] January 26 * AT&T reports first loss in 103 years; US$1.67 billion in 1988. [1] * Madison Square Gardens sports arena in New York announces two-year US$100 million renovation plan. [1] * Paul Daels, Flemish chairman (IJzerbedevaart committee), dies. [1] * Stéphane Steinier, Belgian journalist, kidnapped and murdered. [1] January 28 * 46th Golden Globes: Rain Man, Working Girl. [1] January 29 * Dow Jones Industrial Average jumps 38.06 to hit 2256.43; recoups 508-point loss since October 1987. [1] * Episcopal church appoints first female bishop. [1] * USSR's Phobos II enters Martian orbit. [1] January 30 * 16th American Music Awards: Randy Travis and George Michael win. [1] * Five pharoah sculptures from 1470 BC found at temple of Luxor. [1] January 31 * Jack Douglas, humorist (My Brother Was an Only Child), dies at age 80. [1] * Yasushi Akutagawa, composer, dies at age 63. [1] February 1 * Comet Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 at perihelion. [1] * Joan Kirner becomes Victoria's first female Deputy Premier, after the resignation of Robert Fordham over the VEDC (Victorian Economic Development Co-operation) Crisis. [43] * Death of Elaine de Kooning, American artist (born 1919). [43] February 2

1001

* The last Soviet Union armored column leaves Kabul, Afghanistan, ending nine years of military occupation. [43] * Satellite television service Sky Television PLC is launched in Europe. [43] February 3 * After a stroke, Pieter Willem Botha resigns his party's leadership and the presidency of South Africa. Frederik Willem de Klerk replaces Botha as South Africa's Nationalist Party leader. [43] (February 2 [1]) * John Cassavetes, American actor/director (Husbands, Dirty Dozen), dies at age 59 (born 1929). [1] [43] * A military coup overthrows Alfredo Stroessner, dictator of Paraguay since 1954. [1] [43] February 4 * Kenneth "Jethro" Burns, country singer (Homer and Jethro), dies at age 69. [1] February 5 * Joe Raposa, composer/songwriter (Sesame Street), dies at age 51. [1] February 6 * Barbara Tuchman, American historian (Guns of August - Pulitzer Prize), dies at age 77 (born 1912). [1] [43] * Lech Walesa begins negotiating with the Polish government. [1] February 7 * The Los Angeles, California, City Council bans the sale or possession of semiautomatic weapons. [43] February 8 * Maurits Kok, Dutch writer/poet (Railroad Strike), dies at age 81. [1] * US Boeing 707 crashes into Santa Maria mountain, 145 die. [1] February 9 * Michael Manley's Socialist Party wins Jamaica parliamentary election. [1] * Death of Osamu Tezuka, Japanese Manga artist (Astroboy) (born 1928). [43] February 10

1002

* To gain deregulation, WWF admits pro wrestling is an exhibition and not a sport, in a New Jersey court. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] February 11 * Barbara Clementine Harris is consecrated as the first female bishop of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America. [1] [43] * George O'Hanlon, actor/director (Bop Girl, Zamba), dies at age 71 (born 1912). [1] [43] February 12 * Five Pakistani Muslim rioters killed protesting Satanic Verses novel. [1] * Mauritius Balfoort, French/Flemish director, dies at age 83. [1] * Thomas Bernhard, Dutch/Austrian writer (Heldenplatz), dies at age 58. [1] February 13 * Kidnapped Belgian Premier Vanden Boeynants is freed. [1] February 14 * African National Congress (ANC) opens office in Amsterdam, Netherlands. [1] * Iran's Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini offers US$1-3 million bounty on Salman Rushdie's death due to his novel, The Satanic Verses. [1] [43] * Union Carbide agrees to pay US$470 million to the Indian government for damages it caused in the 1984 Bhopol disaster. [1] [43] * The first of 24 Global Positioning System satellites is placed into orbit. [43] * World's first satellite Skyphone opens. [1] * Death of Vincent Crane, British musician (Atomic Rooster). [43] February 15 * Israel attacks border strip Taba near Egypt. [1] * The Soviet Union officially announces that all of its troops have left Afghanistan. [1] [43] February 16 * Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, and North Yemen form common market. [1] * William Hayden becomes governor-General of Australia. [1] * Pan Am flight 103 crash investigators announce that the cause of the crash was a bomb hidden inside a radio-cassette player. [43] February 17

1003

* Six-week study of Arctic atmosphere shows no ozone "hole". [1] * Mauritania, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya form common market. [1] * USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalitinsk. [1] February 19 * Broadway's biggest flop (lost US$5.3 million) Legs Diamond closes at Mark Hellinger Theater in New York City after 64 performances. [1] * Edgar Bowers wins Bollingen Prize. [1] * Jaap van de Merwe, Dutch journalist/cabareter (Hadjememaar), dies. [1] February 20 * Total eclipse of the Moon. [1] February 21 * US bust Chinese heroin ring, capture record 820 pounds heroin ($1 billion street value). [1] February 22 * First Spanish commercial on network TV (Pepsi-Cola-CBS Grammy Award). [1] * 31st Grammy Awards: "Don't Worry Be Happy", Faith, Tracy Chapman. [1] * Joan Woodbury, actress (Super Sleuth, Northwest Trail), dies. [1] * New York Lotto pays US$26.9 million to one winner (numbers are 1-5-12-19-44-50). [1] * United Kingdom physicist Stephen Hawking calls US Strategic Defence Initiative a "deliberate fraud". [1] * US authors demonstrate against Iranian death treats against Salman Rushdie, author of Satanic Verses. [1] February 23 * After protracted testimony, the U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee rejects, 11-9, President Bush's nomination of John Tower for Secretary of Defense. [43] February 24 * 150-million-year-old fossil egg (oldest dinosaur embryo) found. [1] * United Airlines Flight 811, a Boeing 747 bound to New Zealand from Honolulu, Hawaii, rips open during flight, sucking nine passengers and crew out of the first class section. [1] [43] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * After 44 years, Estonian flag is raised to the Pikk Hermann castle tower. [43]

1004

February 25 * First independent blue-collar labor union in Communist Hungary forms. [1] February 26 * Death of Roy Eldridge, American musician (born 1911). [43] February 27 * Joe Silver, actor (Rage, Rapid, Deathtrap, Shivers), dies at age 66. [1] * Konrad Lorenz, Austrian zoologist (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973), dies at age 85 (born 1903). [1] [37] [43] * Death of Paul Oswald Ahnert, German astronomer (born 1897). [43] February 28 * Gretchen Polhemus, 23, (Texas), crowned 38th Miss USA. [1] * Hermann Burger, writer, dies at age 46. [1] March 1 * Comet du Toit at perihelion. [1] * Henk van Stipriaan, Dutch radio host, dies at age 64. [1] * Josephine van Gasteren, Dutch actress/director (Bluejackets), dies at age 72. [1] * Louis Wade Sullivan starts his term of office as U.S. Secretary of Commerce. [43] * James D. Watkins starts his term of office as U.S. Secretary of Energy. [43] * The Politieke Partij Radicalen, Pacifistisch Socialistische Partij, Communistische Partij Nederland and the Evangelische Volks Partij amalgamate to form Netherlands political party the GroenLinks (GL, GreenLeft). [43] * The Berne Convention, an international treaty on copyrights, is ratified by the United States. [43] * A curfew is imposed in Kosovo, where protests continue over the alleged intimidation of the Serb minority. [43] March 2 * Twelve European Community nations agree to ban the production of all chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) by 2000. [1] [43] * Exxon Houston runs aground in Hawaii, spills 117,000 gallons of oil. [1] * Madonna's "Like a Prayer" premieres on worldwide Pepsi commercial. [1] March 3 * Machinists strike Eastern Airlines; pilots honor picket lines. [1]

1005

* Robert McFarlane gets $20,000 fine, two years probation for Iran-Contra. [1] * Jammu Siltavuori abducts and murders two 8-year old girls in Myllypuro suburb in Helsinki, Finland. [43] March 4 * The first Australian Capital Territory elections are held. [43] * Time, Inc. and Warner Communications announce plans for a merger, to form Time Warner. [43] * The Purley Station rail crash in London, England, leaves five dead and 94 injured. [43] March 5 * 19th Easter Seal Telethon raises US$37,002,000. [1] March 6 * Harry Andrews, actor (Equus, Helen of Troy, Hill), dies at age 77 (born 1911). [1] [43] March 7 * Iran breaks off diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom over Salman Rushdie's book The Satanic Verses. [1] [43] * Partial eclipse of the Sun (Hawaii, North West North America, Greenland). [1] * In Geneva, Switzerland, the Geneva international auto show is held, over eleven days. Chevrolet introduces the Corvette ZR-1 and LT5 engine. [8] March 8 * Death of Carl Stuart Hamblen, American musician (born 1908). [43] March 9 * Eastern Airlines files for bankruptcy. [1] [43] * Robert Mapplethorpe, American photographer, dies at age 42 (born 1946). [1] [43] * US Senate rejects Bush's nomination of John Tower as Defense Secretary. [1] * Soviet Union officially submits to jurisdiction of the World Court. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] March 10 * In Malawi, a magnitude 6.6 earthquake occurs. At least 9 people killed, 100 injured, about 50,000 left homeless. [53]

1006

March 11 * Johan Fleerackers, Flemish linguist, dies at age 57. [1] * Death of James Kee, American politician (born 1917). [43] March 12 * 15th People's Choice Awards. [1] * Two cyanide-contaminated Chilean grapes found (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA). [1] * Madagascar AREMA party wins parliamentary election. [1] * Maurice Evans, English actor (Bewitched, MacBeth), dies at age 87 (born 1901). [1] [43] March 13 * 27th US space shuttle mission, STS-29, Discovery 8, launched; first woman to do the countdown. [1] * US Food and Drug Administration orders recall of all Chilean fruit in US. [1] * A geomagnetic storm causes the collapse of the Hydro-Quebec power grid. Six million people are left without power for nine hours. Some areas in the northeastern U.S. and in Sweden also lose power, and auroras are seen as far south as Texas. [43] March 14 * Edward Abbey, American author and environmentalist, dies after surgery at age 62 (born 1927). [1] [43] * Zita, Empress of Austria/Queen of Hungary, dies at age 96. [1] * Christian General Michel Aoun declares a 'War of Liberation' to rid Lebanon of Syrian forces and their allies. [43] * U.S. President George H. W. Bush bans the importation of certain guns deemed assault weapons into the United States. [43] * Death of Stephen D. Bechtel, Sr., American businessman (born 1900). [43] March 15 * Department of Veterans Affairs officially established as a Cabinet position. [1] March 17 * Dorothy Cudahy is first female grand marshal of Saint Patrick's Day Parade. [1] * Merritt Butrick, actor (Shy People, Wired to Kill), dies of AIDS at age 29 (born 1959). [1] [43] March 18

1007

* 27th space shuttle mission, STS-29 (Discovery 8), returns to Earth. [1] * California Quake amusement ride opens at Universal Studios. [1] * William Challee, actor (Desperate, Moonchild), dies. [1] * In Egypt, a 4,400-year-old mummy is found in the Great Pyramid of Giza. [5] [43] March 19 * Boeing V-22 Osprey VTOL aircraft makes maiden flight. [1] * Death of Alan Civil, English French horn player (born 1929). [43] March 20 * Richard J Kerr replaces Robert M Gates as deputy director of US Central Intelligence Agency. [1] March 21 * First sea test of Trident 2 missile self-destructs, Cape Canaveral. [1] * Milton Frome, actor (Family Jewels), dies. [1] March 22 * US Supreme Court upholds one person one vote rule of New York City, New York Board of Estimate. [1] * Asteroid 4581 Asclepius approaches the Earth at a distance of 700,000 kilometres. [43] March 23 * Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann announce that they have achieved cold fusion at room temperature at the University of Utah. [1] [43] * A 300 m (1,000 ft) diameter Near-Earth asteroid misses the Earth by 500,000 km (400,000 miles). [43] March 24 * In Alaska's Prince William Sound, the Exxon Valdez oil tanker spills 240,000 barrels (11.3 million gallons) of oil after running aground. [1] [43] March 27 * First half-black soap opera, Generations premieres on NBC-TV. [1] * May Allison, actress (Youth for Salem Men of Steel), dies. [1] * The first free elections for the Soviet parliament go against the Communist Party; Boris Yeltsin wins. [1] [43] * Death of Malcolm Cowley, American author (born 1898). [43]

1008

* Death of Jack Starrett, American actor and director (born 1936). [43] March 29 * First US private commercial rocket takes suborbital test flight (New Mexico). [1] * 61st Academy Awards: Rainman, Dustin Hoffman and Jodie Foster win. [1] * 9th Golden Raspberry Awards: Cocktail wins. [1] * Bernard Blier, actor (Les Miserables, Women and War), dies at age 73. [1] * I M Pei's pyramidal entrance to the Louvre opens in Paris France. [1] * Michael Milken, junk bond king, indicted in New York for racketeering. [1] March 30 * Dort Clark, actor (In Harm's Way), dies. [1] March 31 * Donald Trump purchases Eastern Airlines' Northeast Shuttle. [1] April 1 * Henk Gortzak, Dutch Member of Parliament (CPN/PSP), dies at age 57. [1] * Margaret Thatcher's new local government tax, the Poll tax, is introduced in Scotland. [43] * In Canada, four people share a Canadian record CDN$15.5 million Lotto 6/49 jackpot. [40.82] April 2 * In WrestleMania V at Trump Plaza, Hulk Hogan defeats Randy "Macho Man" Savage to become the WWF Champion. [1] [43] April 3 * Norman Woolard, actor (Guilty, Saul and David, Medeleine), dies at age 79. [1] April 5 * David Letterman becomes first network TV series to use Dolby stereo. [1] * Solidarity granted legal status in Poland. [1] April 6 * National Safety Council of Australia chief executive John Friedrich is arrested after defrauding investors of US$235 million. [43]

1009

April 7 * Soviet submarine K-278 Komsomolets sinks in the Barents Sea, killing 41. [1] [43] April 9 * Washington DC march supporting 1973 Roe versus Wade decision (allowing abortions). [1] * Georgian demonstrators are massacred by Red Army soldiers in Tbilisi's central square during a peaceful rally; 20 citizens are killed, many injured. [43] April 10 * 24th Academy of Country Music Awards: Hank Williams Jr, Alabama win. [1] * H J Heinz, Van Camp Seafood and Bumble Bee Seafood say they will not buy tuna caught in nets that also trap dolphins. [1] * Intel announces the 25 MHz i486 microprocessor. It integrates the 386 processor, 387 math coprocessor, and adds an 8 kB primary cache. It uses 1.2 million transistors, employing 1-micron technology. Initial price is US$900. Speed is 20 MIPS. [1] [4] April 11 * Henk van Galen Last, Dutch journalist, dies at age 68. [1] April 12 * Third Soul Train Music Awards: Anita Baker wins. [1] * Abbie Hoffman, yippie peace activist of the 1960s, dies at age 52. [1] * Peter Ueberroth deal to purchase Eastern Airlines falls through. [1] * In Canada, four people share a CDN$14.2 million Lotto 6/49 jackpot. [40.82] * Death of Gerald Flood, British actor (born 1927). [43] April 14 * 1,100,000,000th Chinese born. [1] * In the Iran-Contra trial, Oliver North's case goes to the jury. [1] April 15 * Hu Yaobang, General Secretary of Chinese Commnist Party, dies (born 1915). [1] [43] * Students in Beijing pro-democracy protests. [1] * Largest lottery win to date in North America (US$69 million) drawn in Illinois. [1] April 16

1010

* Berendrechtsluis opens in Antwerp, biggest flood lock in world. [1] * Tawfieq Yusuf Awwaad, Lebanese writer, dies. [1] * The Dilbert comic strip is syndicated for the first time. [43] April 17 * Polish labor union granted legal status. [1] April 19 * Daphne Du Maurier, English writer (Rebecca, Jamaica Inn), dies at age 82. [1] * Seven crew members die when a gun turret explodes on the U.S. battleship Iowa. [1] [43] * Republic Day in Sierra Leone. [1] April 20 * NATO debates modernising short range missiles; although the U.S. and UK are in favour, West German chancellor Helmut Kohl obtains a concession deferring a decision. [43] April 21 * James Kirkwood, actor/writer (Devil's Holiday), dies at age 64. [1] * Thousands of students from Beijing, Shanghai, Xian, and Nanjing begin protesting in China's Tiananmen Square, demanding greater political freedom. [1] [43] * Nintendo begins selling the Game Boy in Japan. [43] * Death of Princess Dukhye of Korea (born 1912). [43] April 22 * Huey Newton, American Black Panther leader, shot dead at age 47. [1] * Death of Emilio G. Segrè, Italian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1905). [43] April 23 * Students in Beijing, China announce class boycotts. [1] April 24 * Massachusetts declares today "New Kids on the Block Day". [1] * Tens of thousands of students strike in Beijing, China. [1] April 25 * George Coulouris, actor (Papillon, Runaway Bus), dies at age 85. [1]

1011

* Motorola introduces the Motorola MicroTAC Personal Cellular Telephone, the world's smallest mobile phone. [43] * The term of Baginda Almutawakkil Alallah Sultan Iskandar Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Ismail as the 8th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia ends. [43] * Near the coast of Guerrero, Mexico, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake occurs. [53] April 26 * Sultan Azlan Muhibbudin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Yusuff Izzudin Shah Ghafarullahu-lahu, Sultan of Perak, becomes the 9th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia. [43] * Lucille Ball, American comedienne/actress (I Love Lucy), dies of a massive heart attack at age 78 (born 1911). [1] [43] April 27 * Beijing students take over Tiananmen Square in China. [1] * Hurricane in Bangladesh, kills 500. [1] * Mandatory automobile seatbelt law goes into effect in Italy. [1] April 28 * Argentina, hit by rocketing inflation, runs out of money. [1] * Iran protests sale of Satanic Verses by Salman Rushdie. [1] * Olaff J de Landell [JB van Sparwoude], Dutch writer, dies at age 77. [1] April 29 * Second Netherlands government of Ruud Lubbers falls. [1] April 30 * Critics Siskel and Ebert film their 500th TV movie-review show. [1] * Pope John Paul II beatifies Victoire Rasoamanarivo of Madagascar. [1] * Death of Yi, Bang-ja, Crown Princess of Korea (born 1901). [43] * Sergio Leone, Italian director (The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly), dies at age 60 (born 1929). [1] [43] May 1 * The Disney-MGM Studios Theme Park at Walt Disney World opens to the public. It covers 135 acres. Total construction costs were over US$500 million. Advertising and promotions for the opening cost US$30 million. Entrance prices are US$29 for adults, and US$23 for children aged 3-9. [6] * David Webster, South African white anti-apartheids activist, murdered. [1] * Douglass Watson, actor (Mac Cory - Another World), dies at age 68. [1]

1012

* Marion Mack, actress (General), dies. [1] * US Supreme Court rules employees have legal burden to prove non-discriminatory reasons for not hiring or promoting. [1] * Death of Sally Kirkland, fashion editor at Life magazine (born 1912). [43] May 2 * The first crack in the Iron Curtain - Hungary dismantles 150 miles of barbed wire fencing along the border with Austria. [43] May 3 * Christine Jorgensen, first transsexual, dies at age 62. [1] May 4 * US launches Magellan to Venus. [1] * US space shuttle STS-30 launched. [1] May 7 * Guy Williams, actor (Zorro, Lost in Space), dies in Argentina at age 65. [1] * Panamanian voters reject dictator Manuel Noriega's bid for presidency. [1] * In the Burma-China border region, a magnitude 5.6 earthquake occurs. At least one person killed, 91 injured and 5,300 houses destroyed. [53] May 8 * US space shuttle STS-30 lands. [1] May 9 * Journalists petition Chinese Government for freedom of press. [1] * Keith Whitley, country singer ("Don't Close Your Eyes"), dies at age 33 (born 1955). [1] [43] * Paul J Steenbergen, actor (Ciske de Rat), dies at age 82. [1] * Andrew Peacock deposes John Howard as Federal Opposition Leader. [43] May 10 * General Manuel Noriega's Government nullifies country's elections, which the opposition had won by a 3-1 margin. [1] May 11 * 217th and final episode of Dynasty TV show is aired. [1]

1013

* France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island. [1] * Kenya announces worldwide ban on ivory to preserve its elephant herds. [1] * President Bush orders nearly 2,000 troops to Panamá. [1] * The Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly meets for the first time. [43] May 12 * Entertainment Tonight performs their 2,000th TV performance. [1] * Joe Valdez Caballero, creator of hard taco shell, dies at age 81. [1] * Last graffiti-covered New York City subway car retired. [1] * Marcelle de Manziarly, composer, dies at age 89. [1] * Retired British pilot Jack Mann is kidnapped by Islamic fundamentalists. [1] * A Southern Pacific Railroad freight train crashes on Duffy Street in San Bernardino, California. [43] May 13 * Approximately 2,000 students begin hunger strike in Tiananmen Square, China. [1] * Minnesota Twins' Kirby Puckett becomes the 35th to hit four doubles in a game. [1] May 14 * Moonlighting, TV crime drama, last airs on ABC. [1] * Demonstration for democratic reforms in Beijing's Tiananmen square. [1] * Final TV episode of Family Ties airs. [1] * Death of E.P. Taylor, Canadian business tycoon (born 1901). [43] May 15 * John Waldo, Green composer, dies at age 80. [1] * Australia's first private tertiary institution, Bond University, opens on the Gold Coast. [43] May 16 * Hassan Khaled, sheik of Lebanon, is murdered. [1] * Soviet President Mikhail S Gorbachev and Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping end a 30year rift when they formally meet in Beijing. [1] [43] May 17 * Longest taxicab ride ever: 14,000 miles, cost $16,000. [1] * Nelson Mandela receives a Bachelor of Arts degree from University of South Africa. [1] * Vincent Van Gogh's Portrait of Dr Gachet auctioned for US$825 million. [1]

1014

May 19 * Able J Herzberg, Russian/Netherlands lawyer (Eichmann in Jerusalem), dies. [1] * Dow Jones average passes 2,500 mark for first time, closes at 2,501.1. [1] * E Galgóczi, writer, dies. [1] * Robert Webber, American actor (Alex - Moonlighting), dies of ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/Lou Gehrig's disease) at age 64. [1] [43] * United States Senator Albert Gore introduces a U$1.75 billion bill in Congress to finance creation of a nationwide "data super highway" to link supercomputers. [16.47] * In China, Zhao Ziyang meets the demonstrators in Tiananmen Square. [43] * Death of C.L.R. James, Trinidadian writer and journalist (born 1901). [43] May 20 * Anton Diffring, actor (Zeppelin, Fahrenheit 451), dies at age 70. [1] * The Chinese government declares martial law in Beijing. [1] [43] [46.226] * Gilda Radner, comedienne (Saturday Night Live, Haunted Honeymoon), dies of ovarian cancer at age 42. [1] [5] [43] * John R Hicks, English economist (Nobel Prize 1972), dies (born 1904). [1] [43] * Toonces The Cat takes the wheel on Saturday Night Live. [1] * Walter McConnel, 57, is oldest to reach 27,000-foot Mount Everest top. [1] May 22 * In Russia, the Nordland Days in Leningrad region (Leningrad oblast) open. [43] May 23 * Third American Comedy Award: Paula Poundstone. [1] * Angela Visser, 22, of Holland, crowned 38th Miss Universe. [1] * Lincoln Square in the Bronx, New York is named. [1] * Richard von Weizäcker is reelected president of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany). [37] May 24 * Film Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade premieres in theaters. [1] * In Nice, France, French police arrest Paul Touvier. He was charged in 1973 with crimes against humanity in connection with deportation of Jews from France to German death camps, and persecution of Resistance leaders. Touvier was head of intelligence for a pro-Nazi militia in Lyons during the war. [1] [10] * Herwig Hensen [Flor Mielants], Flemish dramatist/poet, dies at age 72. [1] May 25 * Eastern Airlines graduates its first class of non-union pilots. [1]

1015

* Mikhail Gorbachev is elected Executive President in the Soviet Union. [1] * Thirteen days after a Southern Pacific train derails, a Calnev pipeline explodes at the same section of Duffy Street in San Bernardino, California. [43] May 26 * Danish parliament allows legal marriage among homosexuals. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] May 27 * Jack Starrett, director/actor (Chase, Nightwish, First Blood), dies. [1] May 29 * Death of John Cipollina, American musician (Quicksilver Messenger Service) (born 1943). [43] May 30 * Student protesters in Tiananmen Square, China unveil a 10 m (33 ft) high Goddess of Democracy statue. [43] (May 29 [1]) * Zinka Milanov, Metropolitan Opera Diva, dies of a stroke at age 83. [1] * Death of James Harry Lacey, British World War II RAF Fighter pilot (born 1917). [43] May 31 * "Rambling with Gambling" 20,000th radio program on WOR-AM (New York City). [1] * First International Rock Awards. [1] * Dr Charles A Hufnagel, artificial heart valve pioneer, dies at age 72. [1] * US Speaker of the House Jim Wright resigns. [1] * Terry Drinkwater, CBS news correspondent, dies at age 53 of cancer. [1] June 1 * Typhoon Lagoon water park opens at Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida, covering 56 acres. [6] June 2 * Fourteen-year old Scott Isaacs spells "spoliator" to win US National Spelling Bee. [1] June 3

1016

* Chinese troops kill hundreds of pro-democracy students in Beijing. [1] [46.226] * Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Supreme Leader of Iran, dies at age 86 of internal bleeding (born 1900). [43] (June 4 [1]) June 4 * The Tiananmen Square massacre takes place in Beijing on the army's approach to the square, and the final stand-off in the square is covered live on television. [43] * Beijing cop shoots and wounds Chinese priemer Li Ping. [1] * Solidarity victorious in the first partly free parliamentary elections in post-war Poland. [1] [43] [46.229] * Largest parade in Bronx, New York, history honors 350th anniversary. [1] * At the Consumer Electronics Show in Chicago, Nintendo introduces the Game Boy portable hand-held video game system, with monochrome display. Price is US$89.95, including the Tetris game cartridge. [9] * A natural gas explosion near Ufa, Russia kills 645 as two trains passing each other throw sparks near a leaky pipeline. [43] * Death of Dik Browne, American cartoonist (born 1917). [43] June 7 * 176 people are killed in Surinam's worst air disaster. [43] * Death of Don the Beachcomber, American restaurateur (born 1907). [43] June 8 * A group aboard the Star Hercules ship finds the final resting place of the German battleship Bismarck, 15,617 feet down in the North Atlantic ocean, 600 miles west of Brest, France. [10] (June 13 [43]) [43] * Kurt Waldheim is elected president of Austria. [43] June 9 * Buena Vista Pictures Distribution generally releases the film Dead Poets Society to theaters in the USA. (Worldwide theater gross receipts: US$240 million.) [6] * Rare tornado in Philadelphia kills one. [1] * Death of George Wells Beadle, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1903). [43] June 12 * Corcoran Gallery of Art removes Robert Mapplethorpe's photography exhibition. [43] June 14

1017

* Ground breaking begins in Minnesota on the world's largest mall. [1] * Rocker Carole King gets a star in Hollywood's Walk of Fame. [1] June 15 * Ray McAlly, actor, dies in Dublin, Ireland at age 63. [1] * Ronald Reagan is knighted by Queen Elizabeth II. [1] * Victor French, American actor and director (Highway to Heaven), dies at age 54 of cancer (born 1934). [1] [43] June 16 * Columbia Pictures releases the film Ghostbusters II to theaters in the US. [9] * A crowd of 250,000 gathers at Heroes Square in Budapest for the historic reburial of Imre Nagy, the former Hungarian prime minister who had been executed in 1958. [43] June 17 * John Matusek, Oakland Raiders player/actor, dies at age 38 of a heart attack. [1] * David S Griggs, astronaut, dies in crash of WW II vintage plane. [1] June 18 * Comet Churyunov-Gerasimenko at perihelion. [1] June 19 * Hy Gardner, newspaper columnist, dies at age 80. [1] * I.F. Stone author, dies at age 81 of heart failure. [1] June 20 * Death of Hilmar Baunsgaard, Danish politician (born 1920). [43] June 21 * US Supreme Court rules it is okay to burn US flag as political expression. [1] * Walt Disney World welcomes its 300-millionth guest, Matt Gleason. [6] * British police arrest 250 people for celebrating the summer solstice at Stonehenge. [43] June 22 * Ireland's first universities established since independence in 1922 open: Dublin City University and the University of Limerick. [43]

1018

June 23 * The movie Batman premieres. [1] June 24 * Death of Hibari Misora, Japanese singer (born 1937). [43] June 26 * In Hawaii, a magnitude 6.2 earthquake occurs. Two events about 5 seconds apart. Five people injured slightly, 5 homes destroyed and about 100 homes damaged. [53] June 27 * Death of Alfred Ayer, British philosopher (born 1910). [43] June 28 * Death of Joris Ivens, Dutch filmmaker (born 1898). [43] June 30 * US Attorney General Thornburgh orders Joseph Doherty deported to the United Kingdom. [1] * NASA closes down tracking stations in Santiago, Chile, and Guam. [1] * New York State Legislature passes Staten Island seccession bill. [1] July 2 * Andreas Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece, resigns. A new government is formed under Tzannis Tzannetakis. [43] July 3 * Andrei Gromyko, Soviet diplomat, dies just short of his 80th birthday. [1] * Jim Backus, actor (Mr. Magoo, Gilligan's Island), dies at age 76 of pneumonia (born 1913). [1] [43] * US Supreme Court rules states do not have to provide funds for abortions. [1] * The movie Batman sets record of quickest US$100 million (10 days). [1] July 5 * Rod Stewart hits his head while on stage and knocks himself out. [1] * In the USA, the television show Seinfeld premieres. [43]

1019

July 6 * Death of János Kádár, Hungarian dictator (born 1912). [43] July 9 * (to July 12) U.S. President George H. W. Bush travels to Poland and Hungary, pushing for U.S. economic aid and investment. [43] July 10 * Mel Blanc, voice of cartoon characters (Bugs Bunny), dies at age 81 (born 1908). [1] [43] July 11 * Sir Laurence Olivier, English stage and screen actor and director, dies at age 82 (born 1907). [1] [5] [43] July 14 * (to July 16) At the annual G-7 Summit, leaders call for restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions. [43] * The 16th James Bond movie License to Kill premieres. [1] July 16 * Death of Herbert von Karajan, Austrian conductor (born 1908). [37] [43] July 17 * The Splash Mountain attraction opens in Critter Country at Disneyland, after five years of planning. The ride features 103 Audio-Animatronic characters, some from the former America Sings attraction. This is the longest flume chute ride in the world. [6] * The B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber first flies. [5] July 18 * Rebecca Schaeffer, actress (My Sister Sam) is shot dead by a fan at age 21. [1] July 19 * United Airlines Flight 232 (Douglas DC-10) crashes in Sioux City, Iowa, killing 112; 184 on board survive. [1] [43] * Death of Kazimierz Sabbat, Polish president (born 1913). [43]

1020

July 20 * 93 degrees F, highest overnight low ever recorded in Phoenix, Arizona. [1] * Burmese opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi is placed under house arrest. [43] * Death of Forrest H. Anderson, American politician (born 1913). [43] July 21 * Eastern Airlines submits a reorganization plan to creditors. [1] July 22 * Death of Martti Talvela, Finnish bass (born 1935). [43] July 23 * FOX-TV tops ABC, NBC and CBS for first time (America's Most Wanted). [1] * Winds gust to 85 MPH at Fort Smith, Arkansas. [1] * Death of Donald Barthelme, American writer (born 1931). [43] * Death of Michael Sundin, English television presenter (born 1961). [43] July 26 * A federal grand jury indicts Cornell University student Robert Tappan Morris, Jr. for releasing a computer virus, making him the first person to be prosecuted under the 1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. [43] August 1 * Death of John Ogdon, English pianist (born 1937). [43] * In Papua, Indonesia, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake occurs. About 120 people killed and 125 injured by landslides which buried two villages. [53] August 2 * NASA confirmed Voyager 2's discovery of three more moons of Neptune designated temporarily 1989 N2, 1989 N3 and 1989 N24. [1] August 3 * Lawrence Delisle drives his four kids into river. [1] August 4 * Death of Maurice Colbourne, British actor (born 1939). [43]

1021

August 6 * Pilot Union tells pilots it is okay to cross Eastern Airlines picket lines. [1] August 7 * U.S. Congressman Mickey Leland (Democrat-Texas) and 15 others die in a plane crash in Ethiopia. [43] * Federal Express purchases Flying Tigers for about US$800 million. [43] August 8 * STS-28: Space Shuttle Columbia takes off on a secret five-day military mission. [1] [43] August 9 * The asteroid 4769 Castalia is the first asteroid directly imaged by radar from Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico. [43] August 11 * Voyager 2 discovers two partial rings of Neptune. [1] August 12 * Death of William Shockley, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1910). [43] August 13 * US space shuttle STS-28 lands. [1] * A hot air balloon accident near Alice Springs, Australia kills 13. [43] August 14 * The Sega Genesis is released in North America. [43] * Death of Robert Bernard Anderson, American political figure (born 1910). [43] August 16 * Amanda Blake, American actress (Gunsmoke), dies at age 60 (born 1929). [1] [43] * Death of Jean-Hilaire Aubame, French-Gabonese politician (born 1912). [43] August 18

1022

* The Soviet Government acknowledges for the first time since the end of World War II that they and Germany secretly and illegally divided Eastern Europe into spheres of influence before the start of the war. [10] * Leading presidential hopeful Luis Carlos Galán is assassinated near Bogotá in Colombia. [43] August 19 * Polish president Wojciech Jaruzelski nominates Solidarity activist Tadeusz Mazowiecki to be Prime Minister, the first non-communist in power in 42 years. [1] [43] August 20 * Fifty-one people die when the Marchioness pleasure boat collides with a barge on the River Thames adjacent to Southwark Bridge. [43] * In Beverly Hills, California, Lyle and Erik Menendez shoot their wealthy parents to death in the family's den. [43] * In Ethiopia, a magnitude 6.1 earthquake occurs. [53] * Death of George Adamson, Indian-born conservationist (assassinated) (born 1906). [43] August 21 * Voyager 2 begins a flyby of the planet Neptune. [1] * Death of Raul Seixas, Brazilian singer (born 1945). [43] August 22 * Death of John Clyne, Canadian jurist (born 1902). [43] * The first complete ring around Neptune is discovered. [1] [5] * A commission of the Lithuanian Parliament declares that Moscow's annexation of the country in 1940 was invalid, achieved by way of secret agreements between Stalin and Hitler. [10] * Death of Diana Vreeland, American fashion editor (born 1929). [43] * Death of Huey P. Newton, co-founder of the Black Panther Party (murdered) (born 1942). [43] August 23 * Yusef Hawkins is shot in the Bensonhurst section of Brooklyn, New York, sparking racial tensions between African Americans and Italian Americans. [1][43] * Two million indigenous people of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, then still occupied by the Soviet Union, join hands to demand freedom and independence, forming an uninterrupted 600 km human chain called the Baltic Way. [43] * Hungary removes border restrictions with Austria. [43]

1023

* All of Australia's 1,645 domestic airline pilots resign over an airline's move to sack and sue them over a dispute. [43] August 24 * Indonesia's first privately owned television station, Rajawali Citra Televisi Indonesia, (RCTI) begins broadcasting. [43] August 25 * Voyager 2 flies past Neptune. [1] [43] (August 24 [5]) August 27 * 100 march through Bensonhurst protesting racial killings. [1] August 29 * Death of Peter Scott, English naturalist, artist, and explorer (born 1909). [43] * Off the coast of Jalisco, Mexico, a magnitude 6.7 earthquake occurs. [53] September 1 * Princess Anne and Mark Phillips announce their seperation. [1] September 2 * Rev Al Sharpton leads a civil rights march through Bensonhurst. [1] September 4 * In Semidi Islands, Alaska, a magnitude 6.9 earthquake occurs. [53] * Death of Ronald Syme, New Zealand-born classicist and historian (born 1903). [43] September 5 * U.S. President George H. W. Bush holds up a bag of cocaine purchased across the street at Lafayette Park in his first televised speech to the nation. [43] September 6 * The South African general election (the last under apartheid) returns the National Party with a much-reduced majority. [43] September 8

1024

* Death of Barry Sadler, American author and musician (born 1940). [43] * Death of Paul Alfred Weiss in White Plains, New York (born in Vienna, Austria); biologist. [37] September 10 * The Hungarian government opens the country's western borders to refugees from the German Democratic Republic. [1] [43] September 11 * Drexel formally pleads guilty to security fraud. [1] * Hungary officially opens its border to Austria. [37] September 12 * Polish Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki announces to parliament the Polish economy would undergo a shock therapy, including privitization of state industry, creation of a stock exchange, shift from heavy industry to consumer goods, and budget cuts. [46.215] September 14 * Agreement of cooperation between Leningrad oblast (Russia) and NordlandCounty (Norway) is signed in Leningrad, by the chairmen Lev Kojkolainen and Sigbjørn Eriksen. [43] * Death of Dámaso Pérez Prado, Cuban musician (born 1916). [43] September 16 * Singer Natalie Cole marries record producer Andre Fisher. [1] September 17 * Hurricane Hugo begins four day sweep through Caribbean, killing 62. [1] * Jay Stewart, announcer on TV's Let's Make a Deal, commits suicide. [1] * Death of Hugh Quincy Alexander, American politician (born 1911). [43] September 18 * Hurricane Hugo causes extensive damage in Puerto Rico. [1] September 19 * Chase Manhattan Discovery Center at Brooklyn Botanic Garden opens. [1]

1025

September 20 * Apple Computer announces the Macintosh Portable, featuring a 16 MHz 68000 processor, 40 MB hard drive, floppy drive, and 10-inch monochrome LCD screen. Weight is 17 pounds; price is $6500. (The system runs for about 8 hours on a lead-acid gel battery pack. After only a year, the system is discontinued.) [4] * F. W. de Klerk is sworn in as State President of South Africa. [43] September 21 * Hurricane Hugo makes landfall in South Carolina, causing US$7 billion in damage. [43] * Poland's Sejm (National Assembly) approves prime minister Mazowiecki. [1] September 22 * Irving Berlin, American composer, dies at age 101 (born 1888). [1] [43] * In Sichuan Province, China, a magnitude 6.1 earthquake occurs. At least 54 people injured, about 4,270 houses destroyed. [53] * An Irish Republican Army bomb explodes at the Royal Marine School of Music in Deal, United Kingdom, leaving 11 dead and 22 injured. [43] September 27 * Sony purchases Columbia Pictures for US$3.4 billion cash. [1] September 28 * Death of Ferdinand Marcos, deposed President of the Philippines (born 1917). [1] [43] September 30 * NASA closes down tracking stations in Hawaii and Ascension. [1] * Death of Horace Alexander, English writer, pacifist, and ornithologist (born 1889). [43] October 1 * Thousands of East Germans flee to West Germany. [1] October 3 * Panamanian Defense Force attempted coup of Manuel Noriega; fails. [1] October 4

1026

* Death of Graham Chapman, English comedian (born 1941). [43] October 5 * U.S. televangelist John Nunes is found guilty of embezzling US$158 million. [43] October 6 * Death of Bette Davis, American actress, at age 81 (born 1908). [1] [43] October 9 * Penthouse Magazine hebrew edition hits the newstands. [1] * In Leipzig, East Germany, protesters demand the legalization of opposition groups and democratic reforms. [43] * An official news agency in the Soviet Union reports the landing of a UFO in Voronezh. [43] * Death of Penny Lernoux, American journalist and author (born 1940). [43] October 11 * Death of M. King Hubbert, American geophysicist (born 1903). [43] October 13 * The Dow Jones Industrial Average plunges 190.58 points, or 6.91 percent, to close at 2,569.26 most likely after the junk bond market collapsed. This mini-crash becomes known as the Friday the 13th mini-crash. [1] [43] * Jay Ward, animator (Rocky and His Friends), dies at age 69 of cancer. [1] October 15 * Billy Graham is given the 1,900th star on Hollywood Boulevard. [1] * South Africa president FW de Klerk frees Sisulu and four other political prisoners. [1] October 16 * Cornel Wilde, actor, dies. [1] * A drawing is held by American music video station VH-1, giving away 36 Corvettes, one from each model year. Dennis Amodeo is the winner. He later sells the cars for US$1.5 million. [8] * Death of Scott O'Dell, children's writer and winner of 5 Newbery Awards (born 1898). [43]

1027

October 17 * In Loma Prieta, California, an earthquake measuring 6.9 on the Richter scale occurs. Three events about 1.5 and 3.0 seconds apart. Sixty-two people killed, 3,757 injured and damage estimated at US$5.6 billion. [1] [43] [53] October 18 * In Northeastern China, a magnitude 5.3 earthquake occurs. At least 29 people killed, 150 injured and about 27,500 houses damaged. [53] * US 62nd manned space mission STS 34 (Atlantis 5) launches into orbit. [1] * The Communist leader of East Germany, Erich Honecker, is forced to step down as leader of the country after a series of health problems. He is replaced by Egon Krenz. [37] [43] October 19 * The Wonders of Life pavilion opens at Walt Disney World's Epcot in Orlando, Florida. [43] October 20 * US Senate impeaches US District Judge Alcee L Hastings. [1] October 21 * Buck Helm found alive after being buried four days, in San Francisco earthquake. [1] * The Heads of Government of the Commonwealth of Nations issue the Langkawi Declaration on the Environment, making environmental sustainability one of the Commonwealth's main priorities. [43] October 23 * George Harrison releases "Best of Dark Horse 1976-89" album. [1] * US 62nd manned space mission STS 34 (Atlantis 5) returns from space. [1] * The Hungarian Republic is officially declared by president Mátyás Szurös (replacing the Hungarian People's Republic). [43] October 24 * Reverend Jim Bakker is sentenced to 50 years for fraud. [1] October 25 * Mary McCarthy, author (The Group), dies, at age 77. [1]

1028

October 26 * Death of Charles J. Pedersen, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1904). [43] October 28 * In Canada, four people share a CDN$14 million Lotto 6/49 jackpot. [40.82] October 29 * In Algeria, magnitude 5.9 and 5.6 earthquakes occur 12 minute apart. At least 30 people killed, 245 injured. [53] October 30 * Death of Pedro Vargas, Mexican singer and actor (born 1904). [43] November 1 * Scandinavian Airlines System bans smoking on many flights. [1] * Death of Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander, American civil rights activist (born 1898). [43] November 3 * Death of Timoci Bavadra, Fiji physician and politician (born 1934). [43] November 4 * Typhoon Gay devastates the Thai province of Chumphon. [43] November 5 * Barry Sadler, singer (Green Berets), dies at age 49 in Murfreesboro, Tennessee. [1] * Vladamir Horowitz, Russian pianist, dies at age 85 (born 1903). [1] [43] November 7 * Douglas Wilder is elected as first US black governor (Democrat-Virginia). [1] [43] * The Communist government of East Germany resigns, although SED leader Egon Krenz remains head of state. [43] * In California, convicted murderer Richard Ramirez (the "Night Stalker") is sentenced to death. [43] November 9

1029

* East Germany opens checkpoints in the Berlin Wall, allowing its citizens to freely travel to West Germany for the first time in decades. Overnight, thousands flood over the border. [1] [37] [43] [129] November 10 * Germans begin punching holes in the Berlin Wall. [1] * Guerrillas battle with government forces in El Salvador. [1] * Gaby Kennard becomes the first Australian woman to fly non-stop around the world. [43] * After 45 years of Communist rule in Bulgaria, Bulgarian Communist Party leader Todor Zhivkov is replaced by Foreign Minister Petar Mladenov, who changes the party's name to the Bulgarian Socialist Party. [43] November 11 * Death of Kenneth MacLean Glazier, Sr., Canadian minister and librarian (born 1912). [43] November 12 * Death of Sourou Migan Apithy, Beninese political figure (born 1913). [43] * Brazil holds its first free presidential election since 1960. [1] [43] November 13 * Hans Modrow becomes East German President. [37] * Death of the Prince of Liechtenstein, Franz Josef, near Grabs, Switzerland. He ruled Liechtenstein from 1938-1989. [37] November 16 * Six Jesuit priests, their housekeeper and her teenage daughter are shot in San Salvador, El Salvador. [1] [43] * South African President F.W. de Klerk announces the scrapping of the Separate Amenities Act. [43] * UNESCO adopts the Seville Statement on Violence at the twenty-fifth session of its General Conference. [43] November 17 * Buena Vista releases the Walt Disney Pictures animated feature film The Little Mermaid to theaters. It cost over US$23 million to make. (North American theater gross receipts: US$110 million; world: US$222 million.) [6]

1030

* In Czechoslovakia a student demonstration in Prague is severely beaten back by riot police. This sparks a revolution aimed at overthrowing the Communist government (it succeeds on December 29). [43] November 20 * In Sichuan Province, China, a magnitude 5.2 earthquake occurs. Four people killed, 161 injured and at least 1,000 homes destroyed. [53] * In southern Iran, a magnitude 5.7 earthquake occurs. [53] * The number of potesters assembled in Prague, Czechoslovakia swells to an estimated half-million. [43] November 21 * Atari introduces the Lynx hand-held video game system. It features a 4.0 MHz 65C02 processor, 16-bit graphics processor, Six sound channels, 3.5-inch color LCD screen, 16 colors out of 4096 palette. Weight is under one pound. Price is US$150-200, with the Galifornia Games video game cartridge. (This is the first color hand-held video game system in the US.) [9] November 22 * Conjunction of Venus, Mars, Uranus, Neptune, Saturn and the Moon. [1] * Eastern Airlines pilots and flight attendants end their strike, but most are not rehired. [1] * The Mirage hotel and casino opens in Las Vegas, Nevada. On the opening night, Elmer Sherwin wins US$4.6 million on a Megabucks spin. About 200,000 people attend the opening. [187.298a,482] * US 63rd manned space mission STS 33 (Discovery 9) launches into orbit. [1] * MCA/Universal Pictures releases the film Back to the Future Part II to theaters in the USA. [9] * In West Beirut, a bomb explodes near the motorcade of Lebanese President Rene Moawad and kills him. [43] * Death of C. C. Beck, American cartoonist (born 1910). [43] November 23 * Pilots Union give up sympathy strike against Eastern Airlines. [1] November 24 * Communist Party resigns in Czechoslovakia. [1] (November 28 [43]) November 25 * Death of George Cakobau, Fiji Governor General (born 1912). [43]

1031

November 26 * Death of Ahmed Abdallah, Comorian politician (born 1919). [43] November 27 * Colombian jetliner bombed killing 107. [1] * US 63rd manned space mission STS 33 (Discovery 9) returns from space. [1] November 30 * In Bad Homburg, Germany, Deutsche Bank board member Alfred Herrhausen is killed by a bomb (the Red Army Faction claims responsibility for the murder). [37] [43] * Death of Ahmadou Ahidjo, Cameroonian politician (born 1924). [43] December 1 * "Day Without Art" - Artists demonstrate against AIDS. [1] * Alvin Ailey, American choreographer (Blues Suite, Revelations), dies at age 58 (born 1931). [1] [43] * East Germany's parliament abolishes the constitutional provision granting the Communist-dominated SED its monopoly on power. [1] [43] * USSR President Mikhail S Gorbachev meets Pope John Paul II at the Vatican. [1] December 2 * Vishwanath Pratap Singh sworn in as President of India. [1] December 3 * In a meeting off the coast of Malta, U.S. President George H. W. Bush and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev release statements indicating that the Cold War between their nations may be coming to an end. [43] December 5 * France TGV train reaches world record speed of 482.4 kph. [1] * John M Pritchard, British conductor, dies at age 68 (born 1921). [1] [43] December 6 * Frances Bavier, American actress (Aunt Bee - The Andy Griffith Show) dies at age 86 (born 1902). [1] [43] * John Paine, actor (Miracle on 34th Street), dies at age 77. [1] * Mafia drug kingpin bombs security force at Bogotá, Colombia, kills 52. [1]

1032

* Sammy Fain, composer, dies at age 87. [1] * In Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Marc Lépine, an anti-feminist gunman, murders 14 young women at the École Polytechnique, then kills himself. [1] [43] * The final episode of the long-running BBC science fiction series Doctor Who is broadcast on BBC One in the United Kingdom. [43] December 8 * Great Britain performs nuclear test. [1] * Hans Hartung, German/French painter, dies. [1] * Death of Mikhail Katukov, Russian war hero (born 1900). [43] December 10 * President Gustav Husák of Czechoslovakia resigns. [1] * Tsakhiagiyn Elbegdorj announces the establishment of Mongolia's democratic movement, that peacefully changes the second oldest communist country into a democratic society. [43] December 13 * Forced repatriation of Vietnamese in Hong Kong. [1] December 14 * Andrei D Sakharov, Soviet physicist/dissident/1975 Nobel peace prize winner, dies in Moscow at age 68 (born 1921). [1] [43] * Jock Mahoney, actor (Dallas, Cow Town, Range Rider), dies at age 70. [1] * Lee Van Cleef, American actor (The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly, Sabata), dies at age 64. [1] * Chile holds its first free election in 16 years. [43] December 15 * Drug baron José Gonzalo Rodríguez Gacha is killed by Colombian police. [43] * Arnold Moss, actor (Gambit), dies at age 79. [1] * Death of Edward Underdown, stage and film veteran (born 1908). [43] December 16 * Aileen Pringle, actress (Age of Consent, Convicted, Night Parade), dies. [1] * Silvana Mangano, Italian actress (Death in Venice), dies at age 59 (born 1930). [1] [43] December 17

1033

* Brazil holds its first free election in 29 years, electing conservative Fernando Collor de Mello president. [1] [43] * The first full length episode of The Simpsons TV show in the US, "Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire", premieres on FOX. [43] * In Timisoara, Romania, an uprising begins against the communist regime, sparking the Romanian Revolution. [43] December 18 * I Love Lucy Christmas TV episode, shown for first time in over 30 years. [1] December 19 * American Airlines purchases Eastern Airline's Latin American route. [1] * Dorothea "Stella" Gibbons, English journalist/author, dies at age 87. [1] December 20 * Audrey Christie, actress (Splendor in the Grass), dies at age 77. [1] * Premier Lubbers sees CDA-party leader Elco Brinkman as successor. [1] * American forces launch Operation Just Cause in an attempt to overthrow Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega. [1] [43] * Death of Kurt Böhme, German bass (born 1908). [43] December 21 * Jan Cikker, composer, dies at age 78. [1] * Romania's dictator Nicolae Ceausescu's final speech (he is executed December 25). [1] * US Vice-President Dan Quayle sends out 30,000 Christmas cards with word beacon spelled beakon. [1] December 22 * Ion Iliescu takes over as president of Romania, ending Nicolae Ceausescu's communist dictatorship, who flees his palace in a helicopter to escape inevitable execution. [1] [43] * Chad adopts its Constitution. [1] * US cold wave: o -4 degrees F in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, o -6 degrees F in Tulsa, Oklahoma, o -12 degrees F in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, o -18 degrees F in Denver, Colorado, o -23 degrees F in Kansas City, Missouri, o -42 degrees F in Scottsbluff, Nebraska, o -47 degrees F in Hardin, Montana and

1034

o -60 degrees F in Black Hills, South Dakota. [1] * Two tourist coaches collide on the Pacific highway north of Kempsey, Australia, killing 35. [43] * Samuel Beckett, Irish/French writer (Waiting for Godot, Molloy, Nobel Prize 1969), dies at age 83. [1] [43] December 23 * Josef Alexander, composer, dies at age 82. [1] December 24 * Charles Taylor enters Liberia to unseat President Samuel K Doe. [1] * Panamá's dictator, Manual Noriega, seeks asylum at the Vatican embassy. [1] December 25 * Barrel Regtien, student leader, dies. [1] * Japanese scientist achieves -271.8 degrees C, coldest temperature ever recorded. [1] * Bank of Japan governors announce a major interest rate hike. [43] * Nicolae Ceausescu and his wife Elena are executed after their unsuccessful escape attempt. [1] [43] * Roger Pigaut, actor (Indoptable Angélique), dies. [1] * Ton Regtien, Dutch student leader, dies at age 51. [1] December 26 * Lennox Berkeley, composer, dies at age 86. [1] * Peggy Thorpe-Bates, actress (Alcatraz Island), dies. [1] December 28 * A magnitude 5.5 earthquake hits Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, killing 13 people. Estimated damage: US$1.1 billion. [1] [43] [53] December 29 * Václav Havel is elected President of Czechoslovakia. [1] [43] * Riots break-out after Hong Kong decides to forcibly repatriate Vietnamese refugees. [43] * Wayne Gretzky and Martina Navratilova are named athletes of the decade by the Associated Press. [1] December 30

1035

* Madoline Thomas, actress (Girl in the Canal), dies. [1]

1036

1990 January 1 * Charles Boost, Dutch film critic, dies at age 82. [1] * US Federal Communications Commission implements "SYNDEX" giving independent stations more rights over cable TV outlets for exclusive syndicated programs. [1] * Gerhard Schröder, West German minister of Defense, dies at age 79. [1] * Sports News Network begins operation on cable TV. [1] * Suzuki Sochu, Zen teacher (Rinzai line)/abbot of Ryutakuji, dies. [1] January 2 * Alan Hale Jr, American actor (Skipper Jonas Grumby - Gilligan's Island), dies of cancer at age 71 (born 1921). [1] [42] * Belcampo [Herman Schönfeld Wichers], Dutch lawyer/writer, dies at age 87. [1] * Dow Jones Industrial Average hits record 2,800 (2,810.15). [1] * Sting joins wrestling's four Horsemen (Flair, Arn Anderson, Ole Anderson). [1] * Vladimir Alexis Ussachevsky, Manchuria composer (Creation), dies at age 78. [1] January 3 * Ken Hill, actor (Cobra, Protocol), dies. [1] * Panamá's leader General Manuel Noriega surrenders to US authorities. [1] [42] [81.48] January 4 * Alberto Lleras Camargo, President of Colombia (1945-46, 1958-62), dies. [1] * Robert F Adams, American sci-fi author (Castaways in Time), dies at age 57. [1] * Over 300 people are killed in a train accident in Ghotki, Pakistan. [42] * Death of Doc Edgerton, American electrical engineer (born 1903). [42] January 5 * Arthur Kennedy, actor (Air Force), dies of a brain tumor at age 76. [1] * Bart LaRue, entertainer, dies. [1] January 6 * Hans Jaray, actor (Lydia, Fedora), dies. [1] * Ian Charleson, actor (Gandhi, Chariots of Fire), dies of AIDS at age 40. [1] * New York Lotto pays US$35 million to one winner (numbers are 18-25-26-32-4244). [1]

1037

* Death of Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1904). [42] January 7 * Gail Lucas, entertainer, dies. [1] * In Italy, the Leaning Tower Of Pisa closed to the public due to safety concerns. [1] [42] January 8 * Terry Thomas, English comic (Heroes), dies of Parkinson's disease at age 78. [1] * Demonstrations in Leipzig, Germany, demand reunification; "Wir sind ein Volk!" is the chant used on this day during the demonstrations. [37] January 9 * 64th US manned space mission STS 32 (Columbia 10) launches into orbit. [1] * Ugandan Lt. Gen. Bazilio Olara-Okello, who led a coup against Dr. Apolo Milton Obote's government, dies in Ormduruman Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan. [42] January 10 * China lifts martial law (imposed after Tiananmen Square massacre). [1] * Juliet Berto, screenwriter/actress (Bastienne Bastien), dies at age 42. [1] * Yvonne Peattie Marquard, actress (Donovan's Reef), dies. [1] * Time Warner is formed from the merger of Time Inc. and Warner Communications Inc. [42] January 11 * In Lithuania, 300,000 demonstrate for independence. [1] [42] * Mary Jane Carr, actress (Forbidden Trail, Second Wife), dies. [1] January 12 * Civil Rights activist Reverand Al Sharpton is stabbed in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn. [1] * Laurence J Peter, author (Peter Principle), dies from a stroke at age 70. [1] * Paul Amadeus Pisk, composer, dies at age 96. [1] * Romania bans Communist party (first Warsaw Pact member to do so). [1] January 13 * The Walt Disney World Swan Hotel opens in Walt Disney World. [6] * First elected US black governor inaugurated (Douglas Wilder-Virginia). [1] [42]

1038

* In Maryland, a magnitude 2.6 earthquake occurs, the largest historical earthquake in Maryland. [53] January 14 * American TV show The Simpsons premieres on Fox-TV. [1] * David Arkin, actor (I Love You Alice B Toklas), dies. [1] * Perez de Cuellar says he has lost all hope for peace in the Persian Gulf. [1] January 15 * 6th Soap Opera Digest Awards - Knots Landing wins. [1] * AT&T experiences long distance problems due to a computer glitch. [1] * Gordon Jackson, actor (Hamlet), dies after a short illness at age 66. [1] * Thousands storm the Stasi headquarters in Berlin in an attempt to view their government records. [42] January 16 * Two Bank of Credit and Commerce members plea guilty to money laundering. [1] January 17 * Charles Hernu, French minister of Defense (1981-85), dies. [1] * The Who, Simon and Garfunkel, Four Seasons, Four Tops, Hank Ballard, Platters and Kinks inducted into Cleveland's Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. [1] January 18 * Melanie Appleby, rocker (Mel and Kim), dies of liver cancer at age 23. [1] * South Africa says it is reconsidering ban on African National Congress. [1] * Washington, D.C., Mayor Marion Barry is arrested for drug possession in an FBI sting. [1] [42] January 19 * Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh, Indian guru, dies at age 58. [1] * Herbert Wehner, German ex-communist/chairman (1958-73), dies at age 83. [1] January 20 * 47th Golden Globes: Born on Fourth of July, Driving Miss Daisy win. [1] * Barbara Stanwyck [Ruby Stevens], American actress (Big Valley), dies at age 82 (born 1907). [1] [42] * Miloslav Istvan, composer, dies at age 61. [1] * Naruhito Higashi-Kuni, Japanese Prime Minister (1945), dies. [1]

1039

* US 64th manned space mission STS 32 (Columbia 10) returns from space. [1] * Soviet troops occupy Baku, Azerbaijan, under the state of emergency decree issued by Gorbachev, and kill over 130 and wound over 700 protesters for national independence. [42] January 21 * The East German political party, the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, changes its name to the Party of Democratic Socialism to minimize negative association with East Germany. [37] January 22 * Robert Tappan Morris, Jr. is convicted of releasing the 1988 Internet worm. [5] [42] * 17th American Music Awards: Milli Vanilli. [1] * Death of Roman Vishniac, Russian-American photographer (born 1897). [42] January 23 * Allen Larkin Collins, guitarist, dies of pneumonia at age 37. Collins was one of the founding members and guitarists of Southern US rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd. His unique guitar playing and songwriting skills were vital to the success of the band during his time with them. [1] [42] * Mariano Rumor, Italy's Prime Minister (1968-70, 1973-74), dies. [1] January 24 * Japanese MUSES-A (Hiten) launched towards moon. [1] * Madge Bellamy, actress (White Zombie), dies at age 87. [1] January 25 * Alexander Lockwood, actor (Duel), dies. [1] * Ava Gardner, actress (Barefoot Contessa), dies from pneumonia in London, England, at age 67 (born 1922). [1] [42] * Avianca Flight 52 runs out of fuel and crashes into Cove Neck, Long Island, after a miscommunication between the flight crew and JFK Airport officials. 73 die. [1] [42] * Ian Dudley Hardy, entertainer, dies. [1] * (to January 26) The Burns' Day storm kills 97 in northwestern Europe. [1] [42] January 26 * Annular eclipse visible over Antarctica and South Atlantic. [1] * FHP "Boy" Trip, Dutch minister, dies. [1] * Death of Lewis Mumford, American historian of science (born 1895). [42]

1040

January 27 * Dissolution of Polish communist party. [1] * Helen Jerome Eddy, actress (Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm), dies at age 92. [1] * The city of Tiraspol in the Moldavian SSR briefly declares independence. [42] January 28 * Independent on Sunday begins publishing in London, England. [1] * East German agreement to form all-party government. [1] January 29 * The trial of Joseph Hazelwood, former skipper of the Exxon Valdez, begins in Anchorage, Alaska. He is accused of negligence that resulted in America's worst oil spill to date. [1] [42] January 31 * First McDonald's fast-food restaurant in Russia opens in Moscow, world's biggest McDonald's. [1] [42] February 1 * Nintendo ships the Super Mario Bros. 3 video game for the Nintendo Entertainment System in the US. (It becomes the best-selling video game of all time, grossing US$500 million, selling 17.28 million cartridges.) [9] February 2 * Joel Fluellen, actor (Man Friday, Burning Cross), dies at age 79. [1] * In South Africa, President F.W. de Klerk allows the African National Congress to legally function again and promises to free Nelson Mandela. [1] [42] * Buena Vista releases the Touchstone Pictures / Samuel Goldwyn live-action feature film Stella to theaters in the USA. [6] February 4 * Ten Israeli tourists murdered near Cairo, Egypt. [1] February 5 * Manuel Fraga becomes the president of Galicia (Spain). [42] February 6

1041

* Jane Novak, silent screen actress (Ghost Town), dies of stroke at age 94. [1] * John Merivale, actor (Caltiki), dies. [1] * Steve Briers of Wales recites the entire lyrics of Queen's album A Night At The Opera in 9 minutes and 58.44 seconds, backwards. [1] February 7 * Dom Heider Camara, nonviolent/human rights Bishop of Brazil, dies. [1] * Jimmy Van Heusen, American composer (Call Me Irresponsible), dies at age 77 (born 1913). [1] [42] * Karachi police kill 22 anti-nationalistic demonstrators. [1] * Nathan Wartels, publisher (Crown), dies from pneumonia at age 88. [1] * The Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party agrees to give up its monopoly of power. [1] [42] February 8 * Del Shannon, in Coopersville, Michigan, rock vocalist ("Runaway"), shoots self at age 55 (born 1934). [1] [42] February 9 * The Bradys return to TV for six episodes on CBS TV. [1] * Galileo flies by Venus. [1] * Namibia's constitution ratified. [1] February 10 * Sixth largest wrestling crowd (63,900-Tokyo Dome). [1] * South Africa President F.W. de Klerk announces Nelson Mandela will be free February 11th. [1] [42] February 11 * Nelson Mandela is released from Victor Verster Prison, near Cape Town, South Africa, after 27 years behind bars. [1] [42] [46.237] * Enix releases the Dragon Quest IV game for the Famicom in Japan. On the first day in stores, 1.3 million copies are sold, for about US$75 each. [9] February 13 * 50 killed at Inkatha-UDF battle in Natal, South Africa. [1] * Ken Lynch, actor (Paratroop Command, Legend of Tom Dooley), dies at age 79. [1] * US, France, and England give consent to German reunification. [1] [37][42] February 14

1042

* Jean Wallace [Walasek], actress (Big Combo), dies of hemorrhage at age 66. [1] * Perrier recalls 160 million bottles of sparkling water after traces of benzene, a carcinogen, are found in some. [1] * Space probe Voyager 1 takes photograph of entire solar system. [1] February 15 * Henry Brandon, actor (Assault on Precinct 13), dies at age 77. [1] * Jack Fletcher, actor (Any Wednesday), dies of heart attack at age 68. [1] * The United Kingdom and Argentina restore diplomatic relations, after severing them eight years ago. The UK had severed ties in response to Argentina's invasion of the Falkland Islands, a British Dependent Territory, in 1982. [42] * IBM unveils its new RISC-based workstation line, the RS/6000. Development work had been done under code name "America" for the RISC chip research, and "RIOS" for systems using the America technology. The architecture of the systems is given the name POWER, standing for Performance Optimization With Enhanced RISC. [4] February 16 * Keith Haring, American artist/cartoonist (brilliant baby), dies of AIDS at age 31 (born 1954). [1] [42] February 17 * Erik Rhodes, actor (Top Hat), dies of pneumonia at age 84. [1] * Frans Kellendonk, Dutch writer (Good for Nothing), dies at age 39. [1] * Marc Clement, actor (Career Opportunities, Sluggers Wife), dies. [1] February 19 * Michael Powell, English director (Life and Death of Colonel Blimp), dies at age 84 (born 1905). [1] [42] * Police kill eight demonstrators for multi-party system in Nepal. [1] * Soyuz TM-9 lands. [1] February 21 * 32nd Grammy Awards: "Wind Beneath My Wings", Nick of Time win. [1] February 22 * Stephen Burns, actor (Casey's Shadow), dies. [1] February 23

1043

* Annelien Kappeyne van de Coppello, Dutch Member of Parliament (Liberal), dies at age 53. [1] * Buena Vista releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Where the Heart Is to theaters in the USA. [6] * James Gavin, commandant US 82nd Airborn Division (Normandy), dies at age 82. [1] * Jose Napoleon Duarte, President of Salvador (1984-89), dies at age 62. [1] February 24 * Johnnie Ray, singer (Cry), dies of liver failure at age 61. [1] * Malcolm Forbes, CEO (Forbes Publishing), dies of a heart attack at age 70 (born 1919). [1] [42] * Sandro Pertini, President of Italy (1978, 1985), dies at age 93. [1] February 25 * Deborra Hampton, actress (Crossroads, Two of a Kind), dies at age 30. [1] February 26 * Cornell Gunther, US musician (Coasters, Poison Ivy), dies at age 53. [1] * Maurine Stuart, Zen teacher (head of Cambridge Buddhist Association), dies. [1] * Scott Jarvis, musician (Great Expectationa), dies. [1] * USSR agrees to withdraw all 73,500 troops from Czechoslovakia by July, 1991. [1] [42] * The Sandinistas are defeated in the Nicaraguan elections. [42] February 27 * Exxon Corp and Exxon Shipping are indicted on five criminal counts for the grounding and oil spill of the Exxon Valdez. [1] [42] * Death of Nahum Norbert Glatzer, Jewish-American scholar (born 1903). [42] February 28 * Dutch police seize 3,000 kg of cocaine. [1] * Fabia Drake, actress (Nice Girl Like Me), dies at age 86. [1] * US 65th manned space mission STS 36 (Atlantis 6) launches into orbit. [1] * In Southern California, a magnitude 5.7 earthquake occurs. [53] March 1 * Benin nullifies its constitution. [1] * Claude Spaak, Belgian dramatist, dies. [1] * Luis Alberto Lacelle sworn in as President of Uruguay. [1]

1044

* In Texas, near-stock ZR-1 and L-98 Corvettes set a dozen land speed records. Average speed for all runs is 170- to 175-MPH. [8] * The Royal New Zealand Navy discontinues its daily rum ration. [42] * A fire at the Sheraton Hotel in Cairo, Egypt, kills 16 people. [42] * Steve Jackson Games is raided by the U.S. Secret Service, prompting the later formation of the Electronic Frontier Foundation. [42] March 2 * Greyhound Bus goes on strike. [1] March 3 * Carole Gist, 20, (Michigan), crowned 39th Miss USA. [1] * Frans Goedhart, Dutch journalist/founder (Parool), dies at age 86. [1] * Gerard Blitz, Belgian swimmer/founder (Club Méd), dies at age 88. [1] March 4 * US 65th manned space mission STS 36 (Atlantis 6) returns from space. [1] * In Pakistan, a magnitude 6.1 earthquake occurs. At least 11 people killed, about 40 injured and many homes and buildings damaged. [53] March 5 * Gary Merrill, actor (Time Tunnel, Huckleberry Finn), dies at age 75. [1] * Gloria Carter Spann, President Carter's sister, dies at age 63 from cancer. [1] March 6 * American SR-71 sets a transcontinental record, flying 2,404 miles in 1:08:17. [1] [42] March 7 * Three passengers killed and 162 injured as subway train derails in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. [1] * Max Neuhaus, composer, dies at age 50. [1] March 8 * New York City's Zodiac killer shoots first victim, Mario Orosco. [1] * The German Parliament, Bundestag issues a resolution concerning the border with Poland which, "will at no time, either today or in the future, be questioned through territorial claims on the part of the Germans." [37]

1045

March 9 * Antonia Novello is sworn in as Surgeon General of the United States, becoming the first female and Hispanic American to serve in that position. [1] [42] * Police seal off Brixton in South London after another night of protests against the poll tax. [42] * In Canada, Newfoundland Premier Clyde Wells confirms he will rescind Newfoundland's approval of the Meech Lake Accord. [42] March 10 * 4th American Comedy Awards: When Harry Met Sally. [1] * Lieutenant General Avril resigns as President of Haiti, eighteen months after seizing power in a coup. [1] [42] * Michael Stewart, United Kingdom Secretary of State (1965-66, 1968-70), dies. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] March 11 * Lithuanian Parliament declares incorporation into the Soviet Union was illegal, and declares independence. [1] [10] [42] * Patricio Aylwin is sworn-in as the first democratically-elected Chilean president since 1970. [42] March 13 * Bruno Bettelhelm, Austrian/American child psychoanalyst, commits suicide at age 86 in Silver Spring, Maryland (born 1903). [1] [37] [42] * Nicholoas Braithwaite elected premier of Grenada. [1] * Death of Karl Münchinger, German conductor (born 1915). [42] March 14 * 4th Soul Train Music Awards: Soul II Soul, Janet Jackson. [1] March 15 * Fernando Collor de Mello sworn in as President of Brazil. [1] * The Soviet Union announces that Lithuania's declaration of independence is invalid. [42] * Iraq hangs British journalist Farzad Bazoft for spying. Daphne Parish, a British nurse, is sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment as an accomplice. [42] * Mikhail Gorbachev is elected as the first executive president of the Soviet Union. [1] [42] March 16

1046

* Ernst Bacon, composer, dies at age 91. [1] March 17 * Capucine [Germaine Lefebvre], actress (Rendez-Vous de Juillet, Curse of the Pink Panther), commits suicide in Lausanne, Switzerland at age 57 (born 1933). [1] [42] * Marí Mejía, Guatemalian feminist, murdered. [1] * Rick Grech, British rock bassist (Blind Faith, Traffic), dies at age 44 (born 1946). [1] [42] March 18 * First free elections in German Democratic Republic (East Germany); Conservatives beat Communists. [1] [42] * Twelve paintings, collectively worth US$100+ million, are stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston, Massachusetts by two thieves posing as police officers. This is the largest art theft in US history, and the paintings (as of 2007) have not been recovered. [1] [42] * Robin Harris, actor (House Party, Mo' Better Blues), dies at age 36. [1] March 19 * Death of Andrew Wood, American musician (born 1966). [42] March 20 * Jannetje Visser-Roosendaal, Dutch writer, dies at age 90. [1] * Ferdinand Marcos's widow, Imelda Marcos, goes on trial for bribery, embezzlement, and racketeering. [42] March 21 * After 75 years of South African rule, Namibia becomes independent; Sam Nujoma first president. [1] [42] March 22 * Anchorage jury finds Captain Hazelwood innocent of Valdez oil spill. [1] March 23 * Former Exxon Valdez Captain Joseph Hazelwood ordered to help clean up Prince William Sound and pay $50,000 in restitution for 1989 oil spill. [1]

1047

* Buena Vista releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Pretty Woman to theaters. (World theater gross receipts: US$463 million, making this Disney's most successful live-action film to date.) [6] March 24 * Alice Sapritch, actress (European Vacation), dies. [1] * An Wang, computer manufacturer (Wang), dies at age 70 from cancer. [1] * Indian troops leave Sri Lanka. [1] * Ray Goulding, comedian (Bob and Ray), dies from kidney failure at age 68. [1] * Rene Enriquez actor (Hill Street Blues), dies from pancreatic cancer at age 56. [1] * The government of Australian prime minister Bob Hawke is re-elected for a fourth term. [42] March 25 * 10th Golden Raspberry Awards: Star Trek V wins. [1] * In New York City, a fire due to arson at an illegal social club called "Happy Land" kills 87. [1][42] * In Costa Rica, a magnitude 7.3 earthquake occurs. Felt throughout Costa Rica and southwestern Nicaragua, and parts of Panama. [53] March 26 * 62nd Academy Awards: Driving Miss Daisy, Daniel Day-Lewis, Jessica Tandy win. [1] * Roy "Halston" Frowick, fashion designer, dies of AIDS at age 68. [1] March 27 * Bus accidentally touches high voltage wire in Karagpur, India; 21 die. [1] * New South Wales beats Queensland by 345 runs to win Sheffield Shield Final. [1] * The United States begins broadcasting TV Martí to Cuba. [42] March 28 * Helene Fortescu Reynolds, actress (Bermuda Mystery), dies at age 65. [1] * Michael Jordan scores 69 points, fourth time he scores 60 points in a game. [1] * U.S. President George H. W. Bush posthumously awards Jesse Owens the Congressional Gold Medal. [1] [5] [42] March 29 * New York City's Zodiac killer shoots second victim, Germaine Montenesdro. [1] March 31

1048

* The NBC TV network begins airing the series Carol & Co.. [1] [6] * A massive anti-poll tax demonstration in Trafalgar Square, London, turns into a riot; 471 people are injured, and 341 arrested. [1] [42] April 1 * The Comedy Channel on cable TV begins transmitting. [1] * CBS fires sportscaster Brent Mussburger. [1] * Wrestlemania VI (67,678 in Toronto); Ultimate Warrior beats Hulk Hogan for championship. [1] * The largest prison riot in Britain's history begins at Strangeways Prison in Manchester, continuing for three weeks and three days. [42] April 2 * Aldo Fabrizi, actor (Postman Goes to War, Open City), dies at age 85. [1] April 3 * Katharine Balfour, actress (Love Story), dies of ALS at age 69. [1] * Sarah Vaughan, American jazz singer, dies of lung cancer at age 66 (born 1924). [1] [42] April 5 * Nico Scheepmaker, Dutch columnist/poet, dies at age 59. [1] April 6 * Buena Vista releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Ernest Goes to Jail to theaters in the US. [6] * Lady Nancy Hawkes (1946 best-dressed woman) dies at age 73. [1] * Ronald E Evans, astronaut (Apollo 17), dies of a heart attack at age 57. [1] April 7 * Thirty die in a ferry flip-over in Burma. [1] * John Poindexter (US National Security Advisor) is found guilty of five charges for his part in the Iran Contra scandal; the convictions are later reversed on appeal. [1] [42] April 8 * Twin Peaks with Peggy Lipton premieres on ABC-TV. [1] * King Birendra of Nepal lifts 30-year ban on political parties. [1]

1049

* Scandinavian Star, a Bahamas-registered ferry, catches fire en route from Norway to Denmark, leaving 158 dead. [1] [42] April 9 * World's largest bunny hop at Radio City Music Hall (New York City). [1] April 10 * CUNY/Lehman College, Bronx, opens a branch campus in Hiroshma, Japan. [1] April 11 * New York Lotto pays US$35 million to two winners (numbers are 6-14-24-32-3451). [1] April 12 * First meeting of East German democratically elected parliament, acknowledges responsibility for Nazi holocaust and asks for forgiveness. [1] * Greyhound Bus hires new drivers to replace strikers. [1] * Lothar de Maziere becomes East German Prime Minister. [37] * The director of the Gewandhaus orchestra of Leipzig, Kurt Masur, becomes the first German music director of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra. [37] April 13 * The Soviet Union apologizes for the Katyn Massacre of Polish officers during World War II. [42] April 14 * Peter Dunn, actor (Invaders from Mars) dies. [1] April 15 * In Living Color premieres on FOX-TV. [1] * Greta Garbo, Swedish actress (Anna Karenina, Camille), dies at age 84 (born 1905). [1] [5] [42] * Food poisoning kills 450 guests at an engagement party in Uttar Pradesh. [42] April 16 * Maximum New York State unemployment benefits raised to $260 per week. [1] * US Supreme Court rejects appeal from retarded man, Dalton Prejean, condemned to death for murdering a Louisiana state trooper in 1977. [1]

1050

April 17 * Gas explodes on passenger train in Kumrahar, India, 80 die. [1] * Reverend Ralph David Abernathy, American civil rights activist, dies at 64 (born 1926). [1] [42] April 18 * Bankruptcy court forces Frank Lorenzo to give up Eastern Airlines. [1] * Robert D Webb, director/actor (Love Me Tender, Jackals), dies at age 87. [1] * In Minahasa, Sulawesi, Indonesia, a magnitude 7.6 earthquake occurs. [53] April 19 * Contra guerrillas, leftist Sandinistas and incoming government agree to truce in Nicaragua's civil war. [1] * Vladislav Ivanovich Gulyayev, Russia, cosmonaut, dies at age 52. [1] April 20 * Horst Sinderman, RDA first minister (1973-76), dies. [1] * STS-31: The Hubble Space Telescope is launched aboard Space Shuttle Discovery. [42] (April 24 [1]) April 21 * Cartoon All Stars to the Rescue shown on all four TV networks. [1] * Death of Romain de Tirtoff (pseudonym Erté), French Art Deco artist (born 1892). [1] [42] April 22 * Bertil Unger, actor (Devil and Max Devlin), dies. [1] * Lebanon releases US hostage Robert Polhill after 39 months. [1] April 23 * Albert Salmi (Caddyshack), kills terminally ill wife and self at age 62. [1] * Palmer Deane, actor (Still of the Night), dies. [1] * Paulette Goddard, actress (Hazard), dies of heart failure in Ronco, Switzerland at age 78 (born 1910). [1] [42] * In an election in Karl-Marx-Stadt over 75 percent of the voters vote to change the name of the city back to Chemnitz. The name had been changed on May 5, 1953 in honor of the 135th birthday of Karl Marx. [37]

1051

April 24 * Joseph Leberman, entertainer, dies. [1] * Security law violator Michael Milken pleads guilty to six felonies. [1] * Tom Rolfing, actor (He Knows You're Alone, Cliff-Another World), dies. [1] * West and East Germany agree to merge currency and economies on July 1. [1] [42] April 25 * Hubble space telescope is placed into orbit by shuttle Discovery. [1] [5] (April 24 [42]) * 25th Academy of Country Music Awards: Clint Black and Kathy Mattea win. [1] * Dexter Gordon, jazz saxophonist, dies in Philadelphia of kidney failure at age 67. [1] * Violeta Barrios de Chamorro is elected President of Nicaragua, making her the first woman President in Latin America. [1] [42] April 26 * In Qinghai Province, China, a magnitude 6.5 earthquake occurs. At least 126 people killed. [1] [53] * Carlos Pizarro Leongomez, Colombian presidential candidate, assassinated. [1] April 27 * 50th annual barbershop quartet singing convention held (Michigan). [1] * Buena Vista releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Spaced Invaders to theaters in the USA. [6] April 28 * Chorus Line closes at Shubert Theater in New York City after 6,137 performances (15 years). [1] * Jean Blazer Baney, entertainer, dies. [1] * Last issue of Dutch communist daily De Waarheid (The Truth). [1] April 29 * Wrecking cranes began tearing down Berlin Wall at Brandenburg Gate. [1] [37] April 30 * US 66th manned space mission STS 31 (Discovery 10) returns from space. [1] * US hostage Frank Reed freed after four years in hands of pro-Iranians. [1] May 1

1052

* Sunset Carson, cowboy actor (El Paso Kid, Oregon Trail), dies at age 62. [1] May 2 * Oleg Anatolyevich Yakovlev, Russian cosmonaut, dies at age 49. [1] * South African government and African National Congress open talks to end apartheid. [1] * William Levi Dawson, composer, dies at age 90. [1] * In London, England, a man brandishing a knife robs courier Nicholas Lane of bearer bonds worth £292 million (the largest mugging to date). [42] * Agreement is reached between East and West Germany on the exchange of currency as the East takes on the Deutsches-mark as its currency. The currencies are to be exchanged 1:1 with some variations for given categories of exchange. At a maximum 6,000 east marks may be exchanged at the 1:1 rate. [37] May 3 * Pimen [Sergei Irzyekov], patriarch of Russian-orthodox church, dies at age 79. [1] May 4 * Latvia's parliament votes 138-0 (one abstention) for independence. [1] [42] May 5 * The 35th Eurovision Song Contest takes place in Zagreb, Yugoslavia. [42] May 6 * Charles Farrell, actor (Vern-My Little Margie), dies at age 89. [1] * Former President PW Botha quits South Africa's ruling National Party. [1] May 7 * Jessica James, actress (Spring Break), dies of breast cancer at age 60. [1] May 8 * Cuyahoga County voters approve sin tax to build Cleveland Gateway. [1] * Tomas O'Fiach [Tomas Seamus Fee], Irish cardinal-archbishop, dies (born 1923). [1] [42] May 9 * Luigi Nono, Italian composer (Intolleranza), dies at age 66. [1] * Pauline Frederick, first woman to moderate Presidential debate, dies at age 84. [1]

1053

May 10 * French TGV-train hits record speed of 510.6 kph. [1] * Susan Oliver, actress (Disorderly Orderly), dies of cancer at age 61. [1] * Walker Percy, physician/novelist (Lancelot), dies of cancer at age 73. [1] May 12 * Comic Relief '90 (4th one) raises $4.7 million. [1] May 13 * Venedikt Jerofejev, Russian writer, dies. [1] May 14 * Andre Ameller, composer, dies at age 78. [1] May 15 * Portrait of Doctor Gachet painting by Vincent Van Gogh sells for record US$82.5 million. [1] [42] * Mona Grudt, 19, of Norway, crowned 39th Miss Universe. [1] May 16 * Dominican Republic President Joaquín Ricardo Balaguer re-elected. [1] * Jim Henson, muppeteer (Sesame Street, Muppet Show), dies of pneumonia at age 53 (born 1936). [1] [42] * Sammy Davis Jr, American entertainer (Golden Boy), dies from throat cancer at age 64 (born 1925). [1] [42] May 17 * European court rules pension rights for both men and women. [1] * The World Health Organization removes homosexuality from its list of diseases. [42] May 18 * East and West Germany sign a monetary union treaty. [1] * Jill Ireland, English actress (Carry on Nurse, Family), dies of cancer at age 54 (born 1936). [1] [42] * Universal Pictures releases the film Bird on a Wire to theaters in the USA. [4] May 20

1054

* Hubble Space Telescope sends first photographs from space. [1] * The first post-Communist presidential and parliamentary elections are held in Romania. [42] * In Sudan, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake occurs, believed to be the largest earthquake ever recorded in Sudan. [53] May 21 * Franklyn Seales, actor (Silver Spoon, Onion Field), dies of AIDS at age 37. [1] * Last episode of Newhart airs on CBS-TV; it was all a dream. [1] * Mary Victor Bruce, who flew around the Empire State Building in 1930, dies. [1] * Moelvi Mohammed Farouk, Indian spiritual leader, murdered. [1] May 22 * Max Wall, actor (Jabberwocky), dies. [1] * At the Center City at Columbus Circle in New York, Microsoft introduces and ships Microsoft Windows 3.0. This version allows addressing memory above 640 kB. Microsoft spends US$3 million for opening-day marketing, as part of a US$10 million promotional campaign. [1] [4] [42] * The leaders of the Yemen Arab Republic and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen announce the unification of their countries as the Republic of Yemen. [1] [42] May 25 * Buena Vista releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Fire Birds to theaters in the USA. [6] * Vic Tayback, actor (Mel-Alice), dies of a heart attack at age 60. [1] [42] May 26 * People's Republic of China performs nuclear test at Lop Nor. [1] May 27 * César Gaviria Trujillo chosen President of Colombia. [1] * Radical Democratic Party holds first political meetings in Moscow. [1] May 28 * César Gaviria Trujillo installed as President of Colombia. [1] * Eugenia Charles' Dominican Freedom Party wins election in Dominica. [1] * Giorgio Manganelli, writer, dies at age 67. [1] * Hussein Bin Onn, first minister of Malasia (1976-81), dies. [1] * Joseph Hardy, actor/director (Tree Grows in Brooklyn), dies at age 71. [1]

1055

* Longest wheelie (David Robilliard with 5 hours 12 minutes 33 seconds (Channel Islands). [1] May 29 * An earthquake hits Peru, killing 56. [1] * Boris Yeltsin is elected President of the Russian Republic. [1] May 30 * In northern Peru, a magnitude 6.5 earthquake occurs. Three events about 1.5 and 4.8 seconds apart. At least 135 people killed, more than 800 injured and severe damage. [1] [53] * In Romania, a magnitude 6.7 earthquake occurs. Felt in Bulgaria, USSR, Hungary, Greece, Poland, Turkey and Yugoslavia. [53] May 31 * 63rd National Spelling Bee: Amy Marie Dimak wins spelling "fibranne". [1] * New York City's Zodiac killer shoots third victim, Joseph Ponce. [1] June 1 * Dow Jones Industrial Average hits a record high of 2,900.97. [1] * The Cowboy Channel on cable TV begins transmitting. [1] * U.S. President George H. W. Bush and Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev sign a treaty to end chemical weapon production and begin destroying their respective stocks. [42] * Members of the Provisional Irish Republican Army shoot and kill Major Michael Dillon-Lee and Private William Robert Davies of the British Army. Dillon-Lee is killed outside his home in Dortmund, Germany and Davies is killed at a railway station in Lichfield, England. [42] June 2 * Frederick Mellinger, founder of Fredericks of Hollywood, dies at age 76. [1] * Rex Harrison, English actor (My Fair Lady), dies at age 82 of cancer (born 1908). [1] [42] June 3 * Robert Noyce, co-inventor (semi-conductor)/founded Intel, dies (born 1927). [42] (June 2 [1]) * Death of Stiv Bators, American singer (The Dead Boys) (born 1949). [42] June 4

1056

* The Walt Disney World Dolphin hotel opens at Walt Disney World. [6] * Jack Gilford, comedic actor, dies at age 82 of stomach cancer. [1] June 7 * Barbara Baxley, actress (Norma Rae), dies at age 63 of a heart attack. [1] * Universal Studios Florida opens to the public. [42] June 12 * The parliament of the Russian Federation formally declares its sovereignty. [42] * An earthquake measuring 7.3 on the Richter Scale kills thousands in the Iranian city of Manjil. [42] June 13 * Boeing 767 sets nonstop commercial flight: Seattle, Washington to Narobi, Kenya. [1] * Washington DC mayor Marion Barry announces he will not seek a fourth term. [1] June 14 * In the Kazakh-Xinjiang border region, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake occurs. One person killed, 3,000 houses destroyed and 20,000 people left homeless. [53] * In Panay, Philippine Islands, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake occurs. At least four people killed, 15 injured. [53] June 15 * Buena Vista releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Dick Tracy to theaters. (North American theater gross receipts: US$103.7 million.) [1] [6] June 16 * Death of Dame Eva Turner, British soprano (born 1892). [42] June 17 * Palmira Henry, fashion designer, dies at age 44 of cerebral hemorrhage. [1] June 20 * In Iran, a magnitude 7.4 earthquake occurs. One of the world's most destructive earthquakes. Estimated 40,000 to 50,000 people killed, more than 60,000 injured, 400,000 or more homeless and extensive damage and landslides. [1] [53]

1057

* Ina Balin, actress, dies at age 52 of pulmonary hypertension in Connecticut. [1] * The asteroid Eureka is discovered. [5] June 21 * 25,000 die in Iranian earthquake. [1] * Little Richard gets a star on Hollywood's walk of fame. [1] * New York City's Zodiac killer shoots fourth victim, Larry Parham. [1] * US House of Representatives vote 254-177 to stop US flag burning, doesn't pass. [1] June 22 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Betsy's Wedding to theaters. [6] * Florida passes a law prohibits wearing a throng bathing suit. [1] * Underwater volcano Mount Didicas erupts in the Philippines. [42] * Death of Ilya Frank, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1908). [42] June 23 * A rally to save TV show Alien Nation from cancellation is held at the Statue of Liberty. [1] * TV Guide selects Arsenio Hall as TV personality of the year. [1] June 24 * Kathleen Young and Irene Templeton are ordained as priests in Saint Anne's Cathedral, Belfast, becoming the first Anglican women priests in the United Kingdom. [42] June 26 * 122 degrees F in Phoenix, Arizona. [1] * U.S. President George Bush breaks his 1988 'no new taxes' campaign pledge, accepting tax revenue increases as a necessity to reduce the budget deficit. [42] June 27 * Merrill Lynch begins selling up to US$2.25 billion convertible bonds for the Walt Disney Company, the largest such issue in US history. The bond issue is to raise funds for building Euro Disneyland in France. [6] June 29 * Irving Wallace, author (Book of Lists, Peoples Almanac), dies at age 74. [1] July 1

1058

* German Democratic Republic accepts the West German Deutsche Mark as its currency. [1] [37] * In Victoria, Australia, helmetless bike riding becomes illegal. [1] July 2 * Imelda Marcos and Adnan Khashoggi found not guilty of racketeering. [1] * A stampede in a pedestrian tunnel leading to Mecca kills 1,426. [42] July 5 * Mitch Snyder, homeless advocate, commits suicide at age 46 by hanging. [1] July 6 * Jetson's the Movie with Tiffany, premieres. [1] * In Java, a magnitude 5.5 earthquake occurs. At least 103 people injured and about 10,300 houses, mosques and public buildings damaged or destroyed. [53] July 7 * Bill Cullen, American game show host (Price is Right), dies at age 70 of cancer (born 1920). [1] [42] * Death of Cazuza, Brazilian poet, singer and composer (born 1958). [42] July 8 * 12:34:56 on 7/8/90 (1234567890). [1] July 9 * Howard Duff, actor, dies at age 76 of a heart attack. [1] July 11 * New York City police arrest "Dartman" (stabbed over 50 women with darts). [1] July 12 * Nintendo releases the Final Fantasy video game for the Nintendo Entertainment System in the US. [9] July 13

1059

* In the Hindu Kush region, a magnitude 6.4 earthquake occurs. At least 43 mountain climbers killed on Pik Lenina, USSR by an avalanche triggered by the earthquake. [53] July 15 * Troy Dixon, rapper (Trouble T-Roy of Heavy D), dies at age 22 from a fall. [1] * Tamil Tigers kill 168 Muslims in Colombo, Sri Lanka. [42] * Death of Margaret Lockwood, English actress (born 1916). [42] July 16 * In Luzon, Philippine Islands, a magnitude 7.7 earthquake occurs. At least 1,621 people killed, more than 3,000 people injured. [1] [42] [53] * New York City's Empire State Building catches fire; no fatalities. [1] July 17 * Saddam Hussein's Revolutionary Day speech claims Kuwait stole oil from Iraq. [1] July 18 * Buena Vista releases the Hollywood Pictures / Amblin Entertainment live-action feature film Arachnophobia to theaters. This is the first Hollywood Pictures' release. [6] * Karl Menninger, psychatrist (Menninger Clinic), dies at age 96 from cancer. [1] * Death of Yun Po Sun, President of South Korea (born 1897). [42] * Death of Yves Chaland, French cartoonist (born 1957). [42] July 19 * BASF plant in Cincinnatti, Ohio, explodes in flames, one dies. [1] [37] * Herbert Nelson, actor (Guiding Light), dies at age 76 of a stroke. [1] * Johnny Wayne, Canadian comedian (Wayne and Shuster), dies at age 72 of cancer (born 1918). [1] [42] * Richard Nixon library opens in Yorba Linda, California. [1] July 20 * Justice William Brennan resigns from the US Supreme Court after 36 years. [1] July 21 * Rock band Pink Floyds' "The Wall" is performed where the Berlin Wall once stood. [1] [37] July 22

1060

* Death of Manuel Puig, Argentinian writer (born 1932). [42] July 23 * Joe Turner, jazz pianist, dies at age 82 of cardiac arrest. [1] July 25 * US Ambassador tells Iraq US won't take sides in Iraq-Kuwait dispute. [1] * The Serbian Democratic Party declares the sovereignty of the Serbs in Croatia. [42] * George Carey, Bishop of Bath and Wells, is named as the new Archbishop of Canterbury. [42] July 26 * Death of Brent Mydland, American keyboard player (Grateful Dead) at age 38 (born 1952). [1] [42] * U.S. President George H.W. Bush signs the Americans with Disabilities Act, designed to protect disabled Americans from discrimination. [42] July 27 * The last Citroën 2CV rolls off the production line at Mangualde, Portugal. [5] * Bobby Day, rocker (Rockin' Robin), dies of cancer at age 60. [1] * Kim Thomas-Friedland, news anchor (FNN), dies at age 32. [1] * Belarus declares its sovereignty, a key step toward independence from the USSR. [42] * The parliament building and a government television house in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago are stormed by the Jamaat al Muslimeen in a coup d'état attempt which lasts five days. Approximately 26 to 30 people are killed and several wounded (including Prime Minister, A.N.R. Robinson, who is shot in the leg). [42] July 28 * Alberto Fujimori becomes president of Peru. [42] July 29 * Death of Bruno Kreizky, chancellor (1970-83), in Vienna, Austria. [37] July 30 * A Provisional Irish Republican Army car bomb kills British M.P. Ian Gow, a staunch unionist. [42] August 1

1061

* Iraq pulls out of talks with Kuwait. [1] August 2 * Iraq invades and occupies Kuwait. [1] [42] August 3 * Radio Kuwait goes off the air, due to the Iraqi invasion. [1] * US announces commitment of Naval forces to Gulf regions. [1] August 4 * European community proposes a boycott of Iraq. [1] August 6 * United Nations Security Council votes 13-0 (two abstentions Cuba and Yemen) to place economic sanctions against Iraq in response to its invasion of Kuwait. [1] [42] August 7 * Desert Shield begins - US deploys troops to Saudi Arabia. [1] * Saudi Arabia allows US troops on their soil to stop an Iraqi invasion. [1] * At 12:34:56 (both a.m. and p.m.) the time and date by British reckoning is 12:34:56 7/8/90. [42] August 8 * Iraq annexes Kuwait. [1] August 9 * Twelve Arab leaders agree to send pan-Arab forces to protect Saudi Arabia. [1] August 10 * American Magellan spacecraft lands on Venus. [1] [5] August 11 * Egypt and Morocco troops land in Saudi Arabia to prevent Iraqi invasion. [1] August 12

1062

* Iraq President Saddam Hussein says he is ready to resolve the Gulf crisis if Israel withdraws from occupied territories. [1] * The most complete skeleton of a Tyrannosaurus rex ("Sue") is discovered near Faith, South Dakota. [5] * Death of Dorothy Mackaill, British-born American actress (born 1903). [42] August 15 * Death of Victor Tsoi, Russian singer, actor and poet (born 1962). [42] August 16 * Iraq orders 4000 Britons and 2500 Americans in Kuwait to Iraq. [1] August 17 * "The Exorcist 3" premieres. [1] * Pearl Bailey, American broadway actress/singer, dies at age 72 from a heart attack (born 1918). [1] [5] [42] * Warner Bros. Pictures releases the film My Blue Heaven to theaters in the USA. [9] * Buena Vista releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Taking Care of Business to theaters in the USA. [6] August 18 * B.F. Skinner, psychologist (Skinner Box), dies from Leukemia at age 86 (born 1904). [1] [42] August 19 * Leonard Bernstein conducts his final concert, ending with Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 7 performed by the Boston Symphony Orchestra. [5] [42] August 20 * Iraq moves Western hostages to military installations (human shields). [1] August 22 * US President George Bush calls up military reserves. [1] August 23 * East Germany and West Germany announce they will unite on October 3. [42] August 24

1063

* Northern Ireland writer Brian Keenan is released from Lebanon after being held hostage for nearly five years. [42] * Iraqi troops surround US and other embassies in Kuwait City. [1] August 25 * United Nations security council authorizes military action against Iraq. [1] August 26 * Two slain college students found in Gainesville, Florida. [1] August 27 * 52 Americans arrive in Turkey from Iraq. [1] * Stevie Ray Vaughan, American blues guitarist, dies in a helicopter crash at age 35 (born 1954). [1] [42] * WWF Summer Slam: Ultimate Warrior beats Rick Rude. [1] August 28 * Iraq declares Kuwait its 19th province. [1] * Force 5 tornado strikes the towns of Plainfield, Crest Hill, and Joliet, in Illinois, killing 29 people. Strongest tornado to date to strike the Chicago metropolitan area. [42] August 29 * American C-5 transport plane crashes at Ramstein Air Force Base, Germany, killing 13. [1] [37] * Saddam Hussein declares America can't beat Iraq. [1] September 2 * Transnistria declares its independence from the Moldavian SSR; however, the declaration is not recognized by any government. [42] September 3 * David Acer, Florida dentist, dies of AIDS after infecting five patients. [1] September 4 * Irene Dunne, American actress (winner of five Oscars), dies of heart failure at age 91 (born 1898). [1] [42] * Jerry Lewis' 25th Muscular Dystrophy telethon raises $44,172,186. [1]

1064

September 5 * Iraqi President Saddam Hussein urges Arabs to rise against the West. [1] September 7 * Death of A. J. P. Taylor, English historian (born 1906). [42] September 8 * Ellis Island Historical Site opens on Eliis Island, New York City. [1] September 9 * Samuel Kanyon Doe, president of Liberia, captured and killed by rebels in a filmed execution. [1] [42] September 10 * US President George Bush and Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev meet in Helsinki, Finland. [1] * Hard Rock Cafe opens in Las Vegas, Nevada. [1] * Iran agrees to resume diplomatic ties with Iraq. [1] September 11 * US President George H. W. Bush delivers a nationally televised speech in which he threatens the use of force to remove Iraqi soldiers from Kuwait. [42] September 12 * US, England, France, USSR, East and West Germanys sign the Treaty on the Final Settlement With Respect to Germany in Moscow, allowing the two Germanys to merge. [1] [37] [42] September 13 * Iraqi troops storm the residence of French ambassador in Kuwait. [1] September 15 * Florida lottery goes over US$100,000,000. [1] * France announce it will send 4,000 troops to the Persian Gulf. [1] September 16

1065

* 101-year-old Sam Ackerman weds 95-year-old Eva in New Rochelle, New York. [1] * Iraq televises an 8-minute uncensored speech from US President George Bush. [1] September 17 * Newspaper Guild votes 242-35 to keep New York Post publishing. [1] * Soviet Union and Saudi Arabia restore diplomatic ties. [1] September 18 * A 500-pound 6-foot chocolate Hershey Kiss is displayed at 1 Times Square, New York City. [1] September 19 * The Provisional Irish Republican Army tries to assassinate Air Chief Marshal Sir Peter Terry at his home near Stafford, England. Hit by at least nine bullets, he survives. [42] September 20 * Both Germanys ratify reunification. [1] [37] * Saddam Hussein demands US networks broadcast his message. [1] September 22 * Saudi Arabia expells many Jordanian and Yemeni envoys. [1] * In Canada, three people share a CDN$15 million Lotto 6/49 jackpot. [40.82] September 23 * PBS begins an 11-hour miniseries on The US Civil War. [1] * Saddam Hussein says he will destroy Israel. [1] September 24 * South African President F.W. de Klerk meets President George Bush in Washington, DC. [1] * US Supreme Soviet gives approval to switch to free market. [1] September 25 * Saddam Hussein warns US will repeat Vietnam experience. [1] * United Nations Security Council vote 14-1 to impose air embargo against Iraq. [1]

1066

September 26 * Alberto Moravia, Italian writer (Woman in Red), dies at age 82 (born 1907). [1] [42] * Motion Picture Association of America creates new NC-17 rating. [1] September 27 * A gunman holds 33 people (killing 1) hostage in Berkley, California. [1] * Deposed emir of Kuwait address the United Nations General Assembly. [1] * US Senate Judiciary committee approves David Souter's Supreme Court nomination. [1] September 28 * Marvin Gaye gets a star on Hollywood's walk of fame. [1] September 29 * Washington National Cathedral construction is completed after 83 years. [1] [42] September 30 * Death of Patrick White, Australian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1912). [42] October 1 * Curtis E LeMay, USAF General, dies at age 83. [1] * President George Bush at the United Nations, condemns Iraq's takeover of Kuwait. [1] * The agreement is signed whereby the Allies of World War II return full sovereignty to Germany as of the agreed-to unification date of October 3. [37] October 2 * Radio Berlin International's final transmission (links to Deutsche Welles of West Germany); final song is "The End" by the Doors. [1] [37] * US Senate votes 90-9 to confirm David Souter to the Supreme Court. [1] October 3 * Reunification of Germany after 40 years of division. East Germany becomes the Federal states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen, and Berlin. Chancellor Kohl declares in a message to all nations of the world that Germany makes no territorial claims on any nation. [1] [37] [42] [129] * Stefano Casiraghi, Princess Caroline of Monaco husband, dies at age 30. [1] October 4

1067

* Regional elections held in area formerly known as East Germany. [1] October 5 * Cincinnati jury acquits art gallery of obscenity (Mapplethorpe photos). [1] * Meir Kahane, founder of Jewish defense league, assassinated at age 58. [1] * Disney re-releases the film Fantasia to theaters, based on a two-year restoration from original film negatives, with the original soundtrack. [6] * After 150 years, 10 months and 2 days (Friday, January 3, 1840 - Friday, October 5, 1990), The Herald newspaper in Melbourne, Australia is published for the last time as a separate newspaper. [42] October 6 * US 67th manned space mission STS 41 (Discovery 11) launches into orbit. [1] October 7 * Israel begins handing out gas masks to its citizens. [1] October 8 * In Jerusalem, Israeli police kill 17 Palestinians and wound over 100 near the Dome of the Rock mosque on the Temple Mount. [1] [42] * US doctors Joseph E Murray and E Donnall Thomas win Nobel Prize. [1] October 9 * Radio stations around the world play "Imagine" honoring John Lennon. [1] * Leonard Bernstein announces his retirement from conducting. Unbeknownst to anyone other than himself and his doctors, he is fatally ill. [42] * Saddam Hussein threatens to hit Israel with a new missile. [1] October 10 * US 67th manned space mission STS 41 (Discovery 11) returns from space. [1] October 11 * Center for Urban archaeology opens in New York City South Street Seaport Museum. [1] * Douglas Edwards, WW II correspondant, dies of cancer at age 73. [1] * Octavio Paz wins Nobel Prize for literature. [1] * Oil hits a record US$40.42 per barrel. [1]

1068

October 12 * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Mr. Destiny to theaters in the USA. [6] October 13 * Syrian military forces invade and occupy Mount Lebanon, ousting General Michel Aoun's government. This effectively consolidates Syria's 14-year occupation of Lebanese soil. [42] * Death of Le Duc Tho, Vietnamese general and politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (born 1911). [42] October 14 * Leonard Bernstein, American composer and conductor (West Side Story), dies of a heart attack in New York City at age 72 (born 1918). [1] [42] October 15 * Apple Computer unveils and ships the Macintosh Classic. It features an 8 MHz 68000 processor, integrated 9-inch monochrome monitor, and 3.5-inch floppy drive, for $1000. It replaces the Macintosh Plus and the Macintosh SE. Apple also releases the Macintosh LC (68020 processor), and the Macintosh IIsi (68030 processor). [4] * Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to lessen Cold War tensions and reform his nation. [42] October 16 * Art Blakey, jazz drummer (Jazz Messengers), dies of cancer at age 71. [1] * US forces reach 200,000 in the Persian Gulf. [1] October 17 * Ralph Abernathy, civil rights leader, dies. [1] October 20 * Antiwar protest marches begin in 20 US cities (US-Iraq). [1] October 23 * Iraq announces release of 330 French hostages. [1] October 25

1069

* In the Hindu Kush region, Afghanistan, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake occurs. Eleven people killed, more than 250 injured. [53] October 26 * William Paley, CEO of CBS, dies at age 89 from a heart attack. [1] October 27 * In Canada, 18 people share a Canadian record CDN$19.8 million Lotto 6/49 jackpot. [40.82] * Elliott Roosevelt, son of Franklin Roosevelt, dies at age 80. [1] * Xavier Cugart, bandlander, dies from heart failure at age 90. [1] * The Supreme Soviet of Kyrgyzstan chooses Askar Akayev as the republic's first president. [42] * The New Zealand general election returns the New Zealand National Party with record number of 67 seats. [42] October 29 * 30 die in a (5.7) earthquake in Algeria. [1] * William French Smith, US attorney general (1980), dies at age 73 from cancer. [1] November 1 * Last of Margaret Thatcher's original cabinet resigns, Deputy Prime Minister Sir Geoffrey Howe. [1] * Rhetoric escalates as US President George Bush likens Saddam Hussein to Adolf Hitler. [1] * Mary Robinson defeats favourite Brian Lenihan to become the first female President of Ireland. [42] November 3 * Mary Martin, actress (Peter Pan), dies at age 76. [1] November 4 * Iraq says it is preparing for a "dangerous war". [1] * Secretary of State James Baker visits US troops in Saudi Arabia. [1] November 5 * American rabbi Meir Kahane, founder of the far-right Kach movement, is shot dead after a speech at a New York City hotel. [42] * Disney's Yacht Club Resort hotel opens in Walt Disney World in Florida. [6]

1070

November 6 * Arsenio Hall gets a star on Hollywood's Walk of Fame. [1] * Fire destroys some of Universal Studio's stages. [1] * In southern Iran, a magnitude 6.6 earthquake occurs. At least 22 people killed, 100 injured, 21,000 homeless and 18 villages severely damaged. [53] November 8 * 100,000 additional US troops are sent to the Persian Gulf. [1] * Saddam Hussein fires his army chief and threatens to destroy Arabian peninsula. [1] November 9 * US President George Bush announces doubling of US forces in Persian Gulf. [1] November 10 * Lebanon releases two French hostages (Camille Sontag and Marcel Coudari). [1] November 12 * Eve Arden, actress (Our Miss Brooks), dies at age 82. [1] * Akihito is enthroned as the 125th emperor of Japan. [42] * Tim Berners-Lee publishes a more formal proposal for the World Wide Web. [42] November 13 * The World Wide Web begins, as the first known Web page is written. [5] [42] November 14 * Malcolm Muggeridge, WW II spy for Britain, dies at age 87. [1] * In England, Michael Heseltine contests Margaret Thatcher's leadership of the party. [1] * Germany and Poland sign an agreement establishing the German-Polish border at the existing points. (There had never been West German agreement to the border along the line of the Oder and Neisse Rivers). [37] [42] November 15 * US President George Bush signs the Clean Air Act of 1990. [1] * Producers confirm that Milli Vanilli didn't sing on their album. [1] * US 68th manned space mission STS 38 (Atlantis 7) launches into orbit on a classified military mission. [1] [42]

1071

November 16 * Disney releases the Mickey Mouse animated short film The Prince and the Pauper to theatres. [6] * Disney generally releases the film The Rescuers Down Under to theaters. [6] * Manuel Noriega claims US denied him a fair trial. [1] November 17 * Death of Robert Hofstadter, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1915). [42] November 18 * Saddam Hussein offers to free an estimated 2,000 men held in Kuwait. [1] November 19 * Greyhound files reorganization plan so they can be traded publicly. [1] * Iraq announces it will free all German hostages. [1] * Disney's Beach Club Resort hotel opens in Walt Disney World in Florida. [6] November 20 * Thatcher fails to defeat Heseltine's bid for party leadership. [1] * US 68th manned space mission STS 38 (Atlantis 7) returns from space. [1] November 21 * Michael Milken is sentenced to 10 years for security law violations. [1] * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Three Men and a Little Lady to theaters in the USA. [6] * Signing of Declaration of "End of Cold war" in Paris, France. [1] * In Japan, Nintendo releases the Super Family Computer (Super Famicom) game system. The system uses a 16-bit processor, has 512 kB RAM, displays graphics in over 32,000 colors, and includes the Super Mario World game. (300,000 units ships on the first day of release; four million ship within the first year.) [9] November 22 * George Bush visits US troops in Saudi Arabia during Thanksgiving. [1] * Margaret Thatcher announces her resignation as British Prime Minister. [1] November 23

1072

* Roald Dahl, British short story writer, dies at age 74 (born 1916). [1] [5] [42] * The first all-female expedition (three Americans, one Japanese and twelve Russians) to the south pole set off from Antarctica on the first leg of a 70-day, 1287-kilometre ski trek. [5] November 25 * Lech Walesa wins in Poland's first popular election. [1] [42] November 26 * Matsushita purchases MCA for $6.6 billion. [1] * Mikhail Gorbachev tells Iraq to get out of Kuwait. [1] * Death of David White, American actor (born 1916). [42] November 27 * Britain's Conservative Party chooses John Major to succeed Margaret Thatcher. [1] [42] November 28 * Margaret Thatcher resigns as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom; John Major succeeds her as Party Leader and is appointed Prime Minister by Queen Elizabeth II. [42] November 29 * The United Nations Security Council passes UN Security Council Resolution 678, authorizing military intervention in Iraq if that nation does not withdraw its forces from Kuwait and free all foreign hostages by Tuesday, January 15, 1991. [1] [42] November 30 * US President George Bush proposes US-Iraq meeting to avoid war. [1] * Norman Cousins, editor (Saturday Review), dies at age 75. [1] December 1 * 132 feet below the English Channel, workers drill an opening through a wall of rock, connecting the two ends of an underwater tunnel linking Great Britain with the European mainland for the first time in more than 8,000 years. [1] [42] [129] * Hissene Habré of Chad flees to Cameroon. [1] * Iraq accepts US President Bush's offer for talks. [1] * Jan H de Groot, Dutch co-founder (Vrij Nederland), dies. [1] * Lithuania, Estonia, and Latvia hold their first joint session. [1]

1073

December 2 * First parliamentary election in newly reunified Germany: a coalition led by Chancellor Helmut Kohl. [1] [42] * Aaron Copland, American composer (Fanfare for the Common Man), dies at age 90 (born 1900). [1] [42] * Robert Cummings, actor (Love that Bob), dies of kidney failure at age 82. [1] * US 69th manned space mission STS 35 (Columbia 11) launches into orbit. [1] December 3 * Gavin Reed, actor (Body Beneath), dies at age 59. [1] * Mary Robinson is elected the first female President of Ireland. [42] * At Detroit Metropolitan Airport, Northwest Airlines Flight 1482 (a McDonnell Douglas DC-9) collides with Northwest Airlines Flight 299 (a Boeing 727) on the runway, killing 8 passengers and 4 crewmembers on Flight 1482. [42] December 4 * Due to Persian Gulf crisis gas hits $1.60 per gallon price in New York City, New York. [1] * Edward Binns, US actor (12 Angry One), dies of heart attack at age 74. [1] * Iraq announces it will release all 3,300 Soviet hostages. [1] December 5 * Salman Rushdie, author (ordered to death by Iran for blasphemy), appears in public for first time in two years. [1] December 6 * Saddam anounces release of all foreign hostages. [1] [42] * Tunku Abdul Rahman, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1957-70), dies. [1] * President Hossain Mohammad Ershad of Bangladesh is forced to resign following massive protests. [42] * Death of Pavlos Sidiropoulos, Greek singer and songwriter (born 1948). [42] December 7 * Delecta "Dee" Clark, US singer (Raindrops), dies at age 52. [1] * Horst Bienek, writer, dies at age 60. [1] * Iraqi parliament endorses Saddam's decision to free hostages. [1] * Joan Bennett, American actress (House Across the Bay), dies at age 80 (born 1910. [1] [42] * Death of Reinaldo Arenas, Cuban writer (born 1943). [42]

1074

December 8 * Galileo Earth-1 Flyby. [1] * Martin Ritt, American director/actor (Norma Rae), dies at age 70. [1] * Pony Sherrell, Metcalf New York, singer, dies of heart attack. [1] December 9 * Slobodan MiloÜevic becomes President of Serbia. [42] * Lech Walesa wins presidential election in Poland. [1] [42] December 10 * Armand Hammer, CEO (Occidental Petroleum), dies at age 92. [1] * Hindu-Muslim rebellion in Hyderabad-Aligargh, India, 140 die. [1] * Soyuz TM-10 lands. [1] December 11 * John Gotti is arrested. [42] * Thirteen die in 83-vehicle accident in Chattanooga, Tennessee (I-75), due to fog. [1] * Fernand J Collin, Belgian economist/banker, dies at age 92. [1] * US 69th manned space mission STS 35 (Columbia 11) returns from space. [1] December 12 * US accuses Iraq of dragging its feet on dates for talks. [1] * US ambassador to Kuwait, Nathaniel Howell leaves Kuwait. [1] December 13 * Friedrich Dürrenmatt, Swiss writer (Besuch der alten Dame), dies at age 69. [1] * In Sicily, a magnitude 5.6 earthquake occurs. At least 19 people killed, about 200 injured, 2,500 homeless. [1] [53] * President De Klerk of South Africa meets with Nelson Mandela to talk of end of apartheid. [1] December 14 * Hope Sansberry, actress (Rats are Coming), dies at age 94. [1] * Johannes von Thurn und Taxis, prince in Germany, dies at age 64. [1] * Death of Friedrich Durrenmatt in Neuchatel, Switzerland; dramatist (born 1921). [37] [42] December 15

1075

* Betty Warren, actress (Passport to Pimlico) dies. [1] * Jean Paige, actress (Captain Blood, Black Beauty), dies. [1] December 16 * Reverend Jean-Betrand Aristide is elected President of Haiti, ending three decades of military rule. [1] [42] December 17 * Don Draper, actor (Pepper Agent 00X), dies of AIDS at age 61. [1] * Mieke Verstraete, Belgian/Netherlands actress (Pleasant Settled), dies at age 79. [1] December 18 * Anne Revere, actress (National Velvet), dies of pneumonia at age 87. [1] * Paul Tortelier, composer, dies at age 76. [1] December 19 * Basil Henson, actor (Change Partners), dies of stroke at age 71. [1] December 20 * Pentagon warns Saddam Hussein that US air power is ready to attack on January 15. [1] * Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze resigns. [1] December 22 * Cecil Effinger, composer, dies at age 76. [1] * Helene Stanley, actress (Carnival Story, Roar of the Crowd), dies. [1] * Iraq announces it will never give up Kuwait. [1] * Israeli ferry capsizes killing 21 US servicemen. [1] * Lech Walesa sworn in as Poland's first popularly elected president. [1] December 23 * Slovenians vote to secede from Yugoslavia. [1] December 24 * Saddam Hussein says Israel will be Iraq's first target. [1] December 25

1076

* Tim Berners-Lee creates the WorldWideWeb software browser for the NeXT computer, the first Web browser. [4] * "Godfather III" premieres. [1] * Marguerite N Wittenberg, entertainer, dies of cancer at age 77. [1] * The first successful communication between a client and server via the Internet is established. [5] December 26 * Garry Kasparov beats Antatoly Karpov to retain chess championship. [1] December 28 * Two die in a New York City subway accident. [1] * Ed van der Elsken, Dutch photographer (Sweet Life), dies at age 65. [1] * Kiel Martin, actor (Detective LaRue-Hill Street Blues), dies of cancer at age 46. [1] December 31 * Iraq begins a military draft of 17-year-olds. [1] * The Sci-Fi Channel on cable TV begins transmitting. [1] * United Somali Congress seizes Presidential Palace. [1] * Vasily Grigoryevich Lazarev, cosmonaut (Soyuz 12, 18A), dies at age 62. [1] * Russian Garry Kasparov holds his title by winning the World Chess Championship match against his countryman Anatoly Karpov. [42] Year * Lottery ticket sales in the USA: US$20 billion, net profit US$10 billion. [40.13] * Global mean surface temperature at highest point since accurate measurements in 1880. [58]

1077

1991 January 1 * 5 percent sales tax on consumer goods and services goes into effect in USSR. [1] * Charles B Timmer, Dutch writer (Russia Black on White), dies at age 83. [1] * Iraq rejects peace proposal from Egyptian President Hosi Mubarak. [1] * Yvonne Waegemans, Flemish author (Gnome Patjoepelke), dies at age 81. [1] January 2 * Edmond Jabés, writer, dies. [1] * Renato Rascel, actor (7 Hills of Rome), dies of heart failure at age 78. [1] January 3 * Israel reopens consulate in USSR after 23 years. [1] January 4 * Berry Kroeger, actor (Demon Seed), dies of kidney failure at age 78. [1] * Harry Krimer, actor (Napoleon), suicide at age 94. [1] * Jan Krzystof Bielecki becomes premier of Poland. [1] * The United Nations Security Council votes unanimously to condemn Israel's treatment of the Palestinians. [41] * Leo N Wright, US saxophonist (I Left My Heart in San Francisco), dies at age 57. [1] January 5 * John Eckhardt, actor born without legs (Freaks), dies at age 82. [1] * Marie Madeline Sullivan, actress (Elvira Mistress of Dark), dies at age 80. [1] * Vasko Popa, Serbian WWII-partisan/poet (Sporedno Nebo), dies at age 68 (born 1922). [1] [41] January 6 * Ada Moore, entertainer, dies of cancer at age 64. [1] * Jorge Serrano Elías elected President of Guatemala. [1] January 7 * Haiti coup defeated. [1] * Soviet paratroopers sent to Baltic Republics. [1] January 8

1078

* Steve Clark, English guitarist (Def Leppard - "Hysteria"), dies at age 30 (born 1960). [1] [41] January 9 * Baker and Aziz meet in Geneva, Switzerland; talks fail to defuse the Persian Gulf crisis. [1] * Microsoft releases Microsoft Excel for Windows 3.0, with Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) technology. [4] January 10 * Japan ends routine fingerprinting of all adult ethnic Koreans. [1] * US Congress begins debate on Persian Gulf crisis. [1] January 11 * US Congress empowers President George Bush to order attack on Iraq. [1] * Jason Christmas dies of gunshot wound during robbery in New York at age 49. [1] * Ric Flair wins NWA/WCW wrestling title. [1] * Disney generally releases the film Green Card to theaters. [6] * Soviet forces storm buildings in Vilnius to block Lithuania independence. [1] [41] * Death of Carl David Anderson, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1905). [41] January 12 * Keye Luke, actor (Charlie Chan's No 1 Son), dies after a stroke at age 86. [1] * US Congress gives President George Bush authority to use military force to liberate Kuwait. [1] [41] * Vasco Pratolini of Italy, writer (Ragazze di San Frediano), dies at age 77. [1] January 13 * 12th ACE Cable Awards: HBO wins 25 awards. [1] * President Mario Soares of Portugal re-elected. [1] * United Nations Secretary General Javier Perez de Cuellar meets with Saddam Hussein in Baghdad, Iraq. [1] * Soviet troops assault the Vilnius TV tower in Lithuania and kill 14 unarmed civilians; many more are injured. [41] January 14 * Jorge Serrano Elías sworn in as President of Guatemala. [1] * Three Palestinian Liberation Organization guerilla chiefs are assassinated in Tunis, including Sallah Kharaf [Abu Iyad], co-founder of Al-Fatah. [1] [41]

1079

* Valentin Pavlov become new premier of USSR. [1] January 15 * The United Nations deadline for the withdrawal of Iraqi forces from occupied Kuwait expires, preparing the way for the start of Operation Desert Storm. [1] [41] January 16 * 7th Soap Opera Digest Awards - Days of Our Lives wins. [1] * U.S. serial killer Aileen Wuornos confesses to the murders of six men. [41] January 17 * Helmut Kohl is formally elected chancellor of united Germany by the Bundestag. He receives 378 yes votes, 257 no votes and 9 abstain. [37] * Operation Desert Storm begins - US and 27 allies attack Iraq for occupying Kuwait. [1] [41] * Mountie Jacques Rougeau beats Hart for WWF intercontinental title. [1] * Olav AFEC van Sleeswijk-Holstein-S-G V, King of Norway (1957), dies. [1] * Death of King Olav V of Norway (born 1903). [41] * Harald V of Norway becomes king on the death of his father, Olav V. [41] January 18 * Iraq fires eight SCUD missiles on Israel; first US pilot shot down (Jeffrey Zahn). [1] [41] * Disney releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film White Fang to theaters in the US. [6] * Eastern Airlines goes out of business after 62 years. [1] [41] * Hamilton Fish, congressman (New York), dies at age 102. [1] * Lillian Bond, actress (Air Mail, Pick-up, Blond Cheat), dies at age 83. [1] * Nita Krebs, actor (Munchkin - The Wizard of Oz), dies of heart attack at age 85. [1] * US acknowledges Central Intelligence Agency and US Army paid Noriega $320,000 over his career. [1] January 19 * The Party of the Alliance of Youth, Workers and Farmers of Angola is founded in Luanda, Angola. [41] * Twenty-nine people are injured by a SCUD attack on Tel Aviv, Israel. [41] * 48th Golden Globes: Dances with Wolves. [1] * Don Beddoe, actor (Bullwhip, Loophole, Texas), dies at age 87. [1] * Glenn Langan, actor (Big Chase, Jungle Heat, Rapture), dies at age 73. [1] * John Russell, actor/writer (Apache Uprising, Yellow Sky), dies at age 70. [1] * Sergeant Slaughter defeats Ultimate Warrior for WWF championship belt. [1]

1080

January 20 * Iraq parades captured Allied airmen on TV. [1] * Louis Seigner, actor (Eclipse, Special Section), dies in a fire at age 87. [1] * US Patriot missiles begins shooting down Iraqi missiles. [1] January 21 * CBS News correspondent Bob Simon captured by Iraqis in Persian Gulf. [1] * Frank Mitchell, actor (Music is Magic, Prairie Gunsmoke), dies. [1] * Richard Bolling, (Representative-Democrat-Missouri)/US civil-rights leader, dies at age 74. [1] January 22 * Three SCUDs and one Patriot missile hit Ramat Gan in Israel, injuring 96 people. Three elderly people die of heart attacks. [41] January 23 * Seinfeld debuts on NBC-TV. [1] * High-denomination banknotes withdrawn in USSR. [1] * World's largest oil spill, caused by embattled Iraqi forces in Kuwait. [1] January 24 * Eight-man British SAS squad enters Iraq behind enemy lines to destroy Scud missiles. The mission fails and many are captured and tortured and some killed. Eight SAS troopers manage to kill 200 Iraqi soldiers. [41] * Lawrence Lott, actor (Real Men, Philadelphia Experiment), dies of AIDS at age 40. [1] January 25 * Manuel Noriega is given access to assets frozen by US government. [1] * TV soap opera Generations last episode after a 2.5 year run. [1] * Stanley Brock, actor (Tin Men), dies of heart attack at age 59. [1] January 26 * Alfaro Vive guerrilla group of Ecuador gives arms to Catholic church. [1] * Johnny van Doorn, Dutch writer/poet, dies at age 46. [1] * New York Lotto pays US$90 million to nine winner (numbers are 5-15-30-35-46-50). [1] * Somalia President Siad Barre flees his compound in Mogadishu. [41]

1081

January 27 * Dutch Pacifist Socialistic Party disbands. [1] * Nadine Strossen is first female president of the ACLU. [1] January 28 * A Closer Look with Faith Daniels premieres on NBC-TV. [1] * 18th American Music Awards: M C Hammer and Janet Jackson. [1] * Dictator Siad Barre flees Somalia ending 22 year rule. [1] January 29 * Battle for Khafji in Saudi Arabia begins. [1] * Jan Odé, Dutch pianist/director Sweelinck Conservatory, dies. [1] * Nelson Mandela and Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi meet in Durban after 28 years. [1] * Siad Barre is succeeded by Ali Mahdi Muhammad in Somalia. [41] * Death of John McIntire, American actor (born 1907). [41] * Yasushi Inoue, Japanese historian, dies (born 1907). [1] [41] January 30 * John McIntire, actor (Virginian, Psycho), dies of emphysema at age 83. [1] * Death of John Bardeen, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1908). [41] January 31 * Battle for Khafji in Saudi Arabia ends after three days. [1] * In Hindu Kush Region, a magnitude 6.9 earthquake occurs. Estimated 200-400 people killed, many injured and many homes destroyed or damaged in Afghanistan. At least 300 people killed, hundreds injured and several thousand houses damaged in Pakistan. [1] [53] February 1 * Carol Dempster, actress (Sally of Sawdust, America), dies at age 89. [1] * Disney releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Run to theatres in the USA. [6] * H J van Ommeren-Averink, Dutch Member of Parliament (CPN), dies. [1] * James G MacDonald, cartoon voice (Mickey Mouse), dies at age 84. [1] * President F W de Klerk, says he would repeal all apartheid laws. [1] * A USAir Boeing 737-300, Flight 1493 collides with a Skywest Fairchild Metroliner, Flight 5569 at Los Angeles International Airport killing 34. [1] [41] February 2

1082

* US postage is raised from 25 cents to 29 cents. [1] * Death of Pete Axthelm, sportswriter (born 1943). [41] February 3 * Nancy Kulp, actress (Jane Hathaway - The Beverly Hillbillies), dies at age 69. [1] February 4 * Bob Leslie, actor (Cinderella, Mako Jaws of Death), dies at age 64. [1] February 5 * A Michigan court bars Dr Jack Kevorkian from assisting in suicides. [1] [41] * Dean Jagger, US actor (Mr Novak, Rawhide, Oscar), dies at about age 87 (born 1903). [1] [41] * Joni Mitchel inducted into the Canadian Hall of Fame. [1] * Pedro Arrupe, Spanish priest/Jesuit, dies at age 83. [1] February 6 * Danny Thomas, Americen singer/comedian/actor (Jazz Singer), dies of a heart attack at age 76 (born 1914). [1] [41] * Marten Levendig, Dutch TV correspondent to Moscow, dies. [1] * Death of Salvador Luria, Italian-born biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1912). [41] February 7 * Dick Winslow, actor (Tom Sawyer, Mutiny on the Bounty), dies at age 75. [1] * Jean-Bertrand Aristide sworn in as Haiti's first elected president. [1] [41] * The Provisional Irish Republican Army launches a mortar attack on 10 Downing Street during a cabinet meeting. [41] * Death of Amos Yarkoni, legendary Israeli soldier (born 1920). [41] February 9 * Lithuanians vote by huge majority to restore pre-World War II independence. [1] [10] [41] February 11 * Oscar Nitzchke, German architect (Alcoa building), dies at age 90. [1] * Unrepresented Nations and People Organization (UNPO) forms in Hague, Netherlands. [1] [41]

1083

February 12 * Edward A Blatt, director (Between Two Worlds), dies at age 88. [1] * Iceland recognizes Lithuania's independence. [1] * Robert Wagner, mayor (New York City-Democrat-1954-65), dies. [1] February 13 * Bernard Sauer, Yiddish actor, dies of heart attack at age 67. [1] * Eddie Bartell, actor (Every Night at Eight), dies at age 83. [1] * Syria tells Germany they are ready to recognize Israel. [1] * Two laser-guided "smart bombs" destroy an underground bunker or bomb shelter in Baghdad, killing hundreds of Iraqis. [1] [41] February 14 * Arno Breker, German sculptor (Third Reich), dies at age 90. [1] * John A McCone, head of US Central Intelligence Agency (1961-65), dies (born 1902). [1] [41] February 15 * Freighter with dynamite explodes in Phang Nga, Thailand, 120 die. [1] * Gary Gears, Chicago disk jockey, dies at age 46 of a heart attack. [1] * Luis Escobar, Spanish actor (Don Juan My Love), dies at age 78. [1] * The Visegrad Agreement, establishing cooperation to move toward free-market systems, is signed by the leaders of Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland. [41] February 16 * Dutch PPR, Political Party Radicals, disbands. [1] * Enrique B Varela, commandant Nicaragua contras, dies. [1] February 18 * The Provisional Irish Republican Army explodes bombs in the early morning at both Paddington station and Victoria station in London. [41] February 19 * Peggy Mondo, actress (Who's Minding the Store), dies at age 50. [1] February 20 * 33rd Grammy Awards: "Another Day in Paradise", Mariah Carey. [1]

1084

February 21 * Dame Margot Fonteyn, English ballerina, dies of cancer at age 71 (born 1919). [1] [41] * Roger Swaybill, actor/writer (Porky's II, Breaking Point), dies at age 47. [1] * Death of John Sherman Cooper, a U.S. Republican senator. [41] * In the Bering Sea, a magnitude 6.7 earthquake occurs. Believed to be the largest earthquake ever located in this area. [53] * USSR announces Iraq agrees to a proposal to end Persian Gulf War; US calls the plan unacceptable. [1] [41] February 22 * Bush and US Gulf War allies give Iraq 24 hours to begin Kuwait withdrawal. [1] * Kelli McCarty, 21, (Kansas), crowned 40th Miss USA. [1] * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Scenes from a Mall to theatres. [6] February 23 * In Thailand, General Sunthorn Kongsompong deposes Prime Minister Chatichai Choonhavan in a bloodless coup d'état. [1] [41] * The One Meridian Plaza fire kills three firefighters and destroys eight floors of the building. [41] * US insists Iraq publicly announce it is leaving Kuwait by 12 PM EST. [1] February 24 * George Gobel of Chicago, Illinois, comedian (George Gobel Show), dies after surgery at age 71 (born 1919). [1] [41] * Jean Rogers, actress (Flash Gordon, Hot Cargo), dies at age 74. [1] * US and allies begin a ground war assault on Iraqi troops in Kuwait. [1] [41] * Webb Pierce, American country singer (Bye Bye Love), dies of cancer at age 64. [1] * Death of John Charles Daly, South African-born journalist and game show host (born 1914). [41] February 25 * Iraqi SCUD missile hits US barracks in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, killing 29, injuring 99. [1] [41] February 26 * Tim Berners-Lee introduces WorldWideWeb, the first web browser. [5]

1085

* On Baghdad radio, Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein announces the withdrawal of Iraqi troops from Kuwait. Iraqi soldiers set fire to Kuwaiti oil fields as they retreat. [41] * Kuwaiti resistance leaders declare they have control of their capital. [1] February 27 * Gulf War ends after Iraqi troops retreat and Kuwait is liberated. [1] * Robert-Jan Akkerman, Dutch diplomat (to Tunis), murdered. [1] * Singer James Brown is released from prison. [1] February 28 * Guillermo Ungo, member of El Salvador junta (1979-80), dies. [1] * US and allied forces grant Iraq a cease fire. [1] March 1 * Edwin H Land, inventor (Polaroid camera), dies at age 81 (born 1909). [1] [41] * Katharine Blake, actress (To Have and To Hold), dies at age 62. [1] * Buena Vista releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film Shipwrecked to theaters in the US. [6] * The ballistic missile submarine USS-ex-Sam Houston SSBN-609 is deactivated. [41] * Scott Huston, composer, dies at age 74. [1] * Clayton Keith Yeutter finishes as the United States Secretary of Agriculture. [41] * US Embassy in Kuwait officially reopens. [1] March 2 * Clark Mollenhoff, US journalist (Pulitzer Prize), dies. [1] * Freek Zoetmulder, publisher (Austrian Encyclopedia)/neo-Nazi, dies. [1] * Serge Gainsbourg, French composer/actor (Fury of Hercules), dies at age 62 (born 1928). [1] [41] * United Nations votes in favor of US resolutions for cease fire with Iraq. [1] March 3 * Arthur Murray, American dance instructor, dies at age 95 of pneumonia (born 1895). [1] [41] * Clara Eggink [Ebbele], Dutch poet (Life with J C Bloem), dies at age 84. [1] * Iraqi generals and US General Schwarzkopf meet to discuss cease fire. [1] * Latvia and Estonia vote to become independent of the USSR. [1] [41] * In California, Los Angeles Police severly beat Rodney King, captured on amateur video. [1] [41] * Miguel Trovoada installed as President of Sao Tomé e Principal. [1] * Switzerland votes on lowering voting age from 20 to 18. [1] * United Airlines crashes near Colorado Springs, kills 25. [1]

1086

March 4 * Bank of Credit and Commerce International divests itself of first American Bank. [1] * Iraq releases six US, three British, and one Italian prisoners-of-war. [1] * Vance Colvig, actor (UHF, Barfly, My Chauffeur), dies at age 72. [1] March 5 * August de Schryver, Belgian politician/founder (CVP), dies at age 92. [1] * Iraq repeals its annexation of Kuwait. [1] * Trijntje Jansma-Boskma, oldest person in Netherland, dies at age 109. [1] March 6 * Following Iraq's capitulation in the Persian Gulf conflict, President Bush tells US Congress that "aggression is defeated; The war is over". [1] March 7 * Iraq continues to explode oil fields in Kuwait. [1] March 8 * 17th People's Choice Awards: Julia Roberts, Bill Cosby, Pretty Woman. [1] * Planeloads of US troops arrive home from the Persian Gulf, Iraq hands over 40 foreign journalists and two American soldiers it captured. [1] * US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site. [1] * Near the east coast of Koryakskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, Russia, a magnitude 6.6 earthquake occurs. Believed to be the largest earthquake ever in this area. [53] March 9 * 5th American Comedy Awards: Dennis Wolfberg. [1] * US 70th manned space mission STS 39 (Discovery 12) launches into orbit. [1] * In Canada, one person wins a CDN$13.2 million Lotto 6/49 jackpot. [40.82] * Massive demonstrations are held against Slobodan MiloÜevic in Belgrade, Yugoslavia; two people are killed and tanks are in the streets. [41] March 11 * Janet Jackson signs US$40 million three-album deal with Virgin Records. [1] * A curfew is imposed on black townships in South Africa after fighting between rival political gangs kills 49. [41] March 12

1087

* 5th Soul Train Music Awards. [1] * Etienne Decroux, French mime (Voyage, Surprise), dies at age 92. [1] * Death of Ragnar Granit, Finnish neuroscientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1900). [41] March 13 * Cor Witschge [Pipo the Clown], Dutch actor (Alicia), dies at age 65. [1] * Exxon agrees to pay US$1 billion in fines and cleanup of Valdez oil spill (Prince William Sound, Alaska). [1] [41] * Jimmy McPartland, America jazz cornetist, dies. [1] March 14 * After 16 years in prison for allegedly bombing a pub in an Irish Republican Army attack, the "Birmingham Six" are freed when the British Court of Appeal determines that the police fabricated evidence. [1] [41] * Emir of Kuwait returns to Kuwait City, after the Iraqis leave. [1] * Howard Ashman, American song writer ("Under the Sea"), dies of AIDS at 40 (born 1950). [1] [41] * Jef Houthuys, Belgian union leader (ACV, 1968-87), dies at age 68. [1] * Jerome "Doc" Pomus, American lyricist ("Save Last Dance for Me"), dies at 65 (born 1925). [1] [41] March 15 * Four Los Angeles police officers are charged with beating Rodney King. [1] [41] * Budd [Lawrence] Freeman, US jazz saxophonist (Eel), dies at age 84. [1] * Eileen Sedgwick, silent film actress (Hot Heels), dies at age 93. [1] * Territories of Amapa and Roraima become states in Brazil. [1] * Germany formally regains complete independence after the four post-World War II occupying powers (France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union) relinquish all remaining rights. [41] March 16 * Seven members of Reba McEntire's band are killed in a plane crash. [1] * Jan H van Roijen, Dutch diplomat/Foreign Minister, dies at age 85. [1] * Members of Irish Gay and Lesbian Organization march in New York City parade. [1] * New York Lotto pays US$33.3 million to one winner (numbers are 18-21-32-33-3538). [1] * Wim van den Brink, Dutch actor (Turkish Fruit, Red Sien), dies. [1] March 17

1088

* USSR holds a referendum to determine if they should stay together; 9 of 15 Soviet representatives officially approve new union treaty. [1] March 18 * Jack McCoy, Radio/TV personality, dies at age 72. [1] * Vilma Banky, actress (Eagle, Son of Sheik, Rebel), dies at age 93. [1] March 19 * Sunday Wilshin, actor (Murder by Rope), dies at age 86. [1] March 20 * Court awards Peggy Lee $3 million in contract violation suit against Disney. [1] * Michael Jackson signs US$65 million six-album deal with Sony Records. [1] * US Supreme Court rules unanimously employers can't exclude women from jobs where exposure to toxic chemicals could potentially damage fetus. [1] * US forgives US$2 billion in loans to Poland. [1] March 21 * 27 lost at sea when two US Navy anti-submarine planes collide. [1] * Largest wrestling crowd in Japan (64,500) at Tokyo Dome. [1] * Leo Fender, inventor (Fender guitar), dies (born 1909). [1] [41] * Rajiv Gandhi, former Prime Minister of India, killed by bomb at age 46. [1] * Tatsumi Fujinami beats Ric Flair for NWA wrestling championship. [1] * United Nations Security Council panel decides to lift the food embargo on Iraq. [1] March 22 * Gloria Holden, actress (Dracula's Daughter, Test Pilot), dies at age 73. [1] * Law enforcement officers raid fraternities at University of Virginia seizing drugs. [1] * New York Daily News begins using motto "Forward with New York". [1] * Pamela Smart (high school teacher) found guilty in New Hampshire of manipulating her student-lover to kill her husband. [1] March 23 * 20 Tornadoes kill five in Tennessee. [1] * Dominic Bellissimo, created buffalo chicken wings, dies at age 68. [1] * Fons Jansen, Dutch night club performer, dies at age 65. [1] * Mona Maris, actress (Camila, Berlin Correspondent), dies at age 88. [1] March 24

1089

* 11th Golden Raspberry Awards: Ford Fairlane and Ghosts Can't Do It win. [1] * In liberated Kuwait, banks reopen. [1] * Wrestlemania VII in Los Angeles, Hulk Hogan pins Sergeant Slaughter for championship. [1] March 25 * 63rd Academy Awards: "Dance with Wolves", Jeremy Irons and Kathy Bates win. [1] * Eileen Joyce, pianist, dies at age 78. [1] * Death of Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, Roman Catholic bishop who fought for Catholic Tradition (born 1905). [41] * Lee Donn, pianist, dies of stroke at age 96. [1] March 26 * Frans Dohmen, union leader (Netherlands Catholic Mine Workers), dies at age 81. [1] * Fuel pipe explodes under 58th street and Lexington Ave, New York City, New York. [1] March 27 * Aldo Ray, western actor (Battle Cry), dies of cancer at age 64. [1] * Elinor Remick Warren, composer, dies at age 91. [1] * Leueen McGrath, actress (Edward My Son, Saint's Vacation), dies at age 77. [1] * Ralph Bates, British actor (Persecution, Graveyard), dies at age 50. [1] March 28 * Carlos Montalban, actor (Bananas), dies at age 85. [1] March 29 * Lee Atwater, American political strategist (Republican), dies of brain tumor at age 40 (born 1951). [1] [41] * Matt Bennett, actor (Hickey and Boggs), dies of brain tumor at age 52. [1] March 30 * Jan Willem Hofstra, Dutch actor/writer (Friends of My Friends), dies. [1] * Last issue of Dutch Newspaper Vrÿe Folk (Free People). [1] March 31 * Albania offers first multi-party election in 50 years. [1] [41] * John Carter, US jazz clarinetist (Roots and folklore), dies. [1]

1090

* Soviet Republic of Georgia endorses independence. [1] [41] April 1 * Iran releases British hostage Roger Cooper after five years. [1] * Martha Graham, American dancer and choreographer (Appalachian Spring), dies at age 96 (born 1894). [1] [41] * Paulo Muwanga, chief of Uganda (1980), dies. [1] * US Supreme Court rules jurors can't be barred from serving due to race. [1] * US minimum wage goes from $3.80 to $4.25 per hour. [1] * The president of the Berlin Treuhandanstalt (the organization responsible for the privatization of East German property), Detlev Karsten Rohwedder is murdered by terrorists. [37] * Warsaw Pact officially dissolves. [1] * In Iowa, USA, riverboat gambling is legalized, as the Diamond Lady is launched. [187.441] April 2 * Rotterdam Daily Newspaper begins publishing. [1] April 3 * Graham Greene, British writer (Third Man, Our man in Havana), dies at age 86 (born 1904). [1] [41] * Death of Charles Goren, American bridge player, writer, and columnist (born 1901). [41] * The United Nations Security Council passes the Cease Fire Agreement, Resolution 687. The resolution calls for the destruction or removal of all of Iraq's chemical and biological weapons, all stocks of agents and components, and all research, development, support and manufacturing facilities for ballistic missiles with a range greater than 150 km and production facilities; and for an end to its support for international terrorism. [1] [41] April 4 * H. John Heinz III (Senator-Republican-Pennsylvania), dies in a plane crash, at age 52 (born 1938). [1] [41] * Max Frisch, Swiss architect/writer (Stiller, Biedermann), dies at age 79 (born 1911). [1] [37] [41] April 5 * Former Texas Republican Senator John Tower (age 65) and 22 others are killed in an airplane crash in Brunswick, Georgia, United States. [1] [41] * Kitty Kelly publishes a book knocking Nancy Reagan. [1]

1091

* Manley Lanier "Sonny" Carter Jr, USN/astronaut (STS 33), dies at age 43. [1] * Southeast Airlines Embracer 120 crashes in Georgia, killing 23. [1] * Space Shuttle STS 37 (Atlantis 8) launched. [1] * Disney releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film The Marrying Man to theatres in the USA. [6] * US begins air drops to Kurdish refugees in Northern Iraq. [1] April 7 * Compton Gamma Ray Observatory orbits Earth. [1] April 8 * Michael Landon announces he has inoperable cancer of the pancreas. [1] * Death of Per "Dead" Yngve Ohlin, vocalist for Mayhem/Morbid (suicide) (born 1969). [41] April 9 * The Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia declares independence. [1] [41] * Maurice Binder, title designer (James Bond Movies), dies at age 73. [1] * Release of Microsoft MS-DOS 5.0. [1] April 10 * Italian ferry Moby Prince collides with an oil tanker in dense fog off Livorno, Italy killing 140. [1] [41] * Kevin Peter Hall, actor (Harry and the Hendersons), dies of AIDS at age 35. [1] * Last automat (coin operated cafeteria) closes (3rd and 42nd Street, New York City, New York). [1] * Natalie Schafer, American actress (Gilligan's Island), dies at age 90 from cancer (born 1900). [1] [41] * A South Atlantic tropical cyclone develops in the Southern Hemisphere off the coast of Angola (the first of its kind to be documented by weather satellites). [41] April 11 * New York City's Museum of Broadcasting becomes "Museum of Radio and Television". [1] * Space Shuttle STS 37 (Atlantis 8) lands. [1] * United Nations Security Council issues formal cease fire with Iraq declaration. [1] April 12 * 2,500th episode of Entertainment Tonight airs on US TV. [1] * James Schuyler, US poet (Pulitzer 1980), dies. [1]

1092

* Nepalese Congress party wins general elections. [1] * US announces closing of 31 major US military bases. [1] April 14 * In the Netherlands, thieves steal 20 paintings worth US$500 million from the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam. Less than an hour later they are found in an abandoned car near the museum. [41] April 15 * East-Europe Bank forms in London, England. [1] * Europe foreign ministers lift most remaining sanctions against South Africa. [1] * Ton Sijbrands improves world record blind checker games (15 wins). [1] April 16 * David Lean, director (two Academy Awards-Bridge on the River Kwai, Lawrence of Arabia), dies of pneumonia at age 83. [1] * The Skoda automobile company (Czech Republic) is acquired by Volkswagen. [37] April 17 * Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above 3,000 for first time (3,004.46). [1] [41] * Jack Yellen, US poet (Sons o' Fun), dies at age 97. [1] * Railroad workers go on strike in the US. [1] April 18 * Census Bureau says it failed to count up to 63 million in 1990 census. [1] * US Congress ends railroad workers' one day strike. [1] * Iraq declares some of its chemical weapons and materials to the United Nations, as required by Resolution 687, and claims that it does not have a biological weapons program. [41] April 19 * Greyhound Bus posts $195 million loss for 1990. [1] * Death of Stanley Hawes, British-born Australian film producer, director and administrator (born 1905). [41] April 20 * First non-stop flight Schiphol-Flamingo airport Bonaire. [1] * Don[ald] Siegel, US director (Coogan's Bluff/Dirty Harry), dies at age 78. [1] * Jumjaagiyn Tsedenbal, Mongolian politician, dies. [1]

1093

* Sean O'Faolain [J Whelan], Irish writer (Nest of Simple), dies at age 91. [1] * Steve Marriott, English guitarist (Small Faces), dies in a fire at age 44 (born 1947). [1] [41] * Yumzhagin Tsendenbal, Prime Minister of Mongolia (1952-74), dies. [1] April 21 * Richard Bolling (Representative-Democrat-Missouri), dies at age 74. [1] * Willi Boskovsky, Austrian conductor (new years concert), dies at age 81. [1] April 22 * In Costa Rica, a magnitude 7.6 earthquake occurs. Forty-seven people killed, 109 injured, 7,439 homeless and severe damage in the Limon-Pandora area. [1] [53] * Intel releases the 486SX processor. [1] April 23 * Peter Bailey, Graphic designer/calligrapher, dies. [1] * USSR grants republics right to secede under certain conditions. [1] April 24 * 26th Academy of Country Music Awards: Garth Brooks wins. [1] * J de Graaf, ethicus/president church and peace, dies. [1] April 25 * Frank Hamilton, actor (Subterraneans), dies at age 66. [1] April 26 * Dinosaurs TV show premieres on ABC-TV. [1] * 70 tornadoes break out in the central United States, killing 17. The most notable tornado of the day strikes Andover, Kansas. [1] [41] * Carmine Coppola, American composer/conductor/father of Francis Ford Coppola, dies (born 1910). [1] [41] * Emily McLaughlin, US actress (Jessie-General Hospital), dies at age 61. [1] * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Oscar to theatres in the USA. [6] April 27 * Ken Curtis, actor (Lost, Freckles, California Gold Rush), dies at age 74. [1] * Marcus Heeresma, writer/poet (Anna, Son of a Whore), dies. [1]

1094

April 28 * Floyd B McKissick, US founder (CORE), dies. [1] * Space Shuttle STS 39 (Discovery 12) is launched. [1] * Death of Ken Curtis, American actor (born 1916). [41] * Death of Johnny Eck, American sideshow performer (born 1911). [41] April 29 * Claude Gallimard, French publisher, dies. [1] * Croatia declares independence. [1] * Earthquake in Georgia kills 100. [1] * In Bangladesh a cyclone kills over 131,000 and leaves 9 million homeless. [1] [41] April 30 * George Sperti, inventor (Preparation H), dies at age 91. [1] * Michael G Hagerty, actor (Overboard), dies at age 39. [1] May 1 * Angola's civil war ends. [1] * Richard Thorpe, director (Jailhouse Rock, Night Must Fall), dies. [1] May 2 * Pope John Paul II's encyclical on Centesimus annus. [1] May 3 * 356th and final episode of CBS second longest running series Dallas, second only to Gunsmoke. [1] [129] * Gerrit Mik, child psychiatrist/Dutch Member of Parliament (D66), dies. [1] * Jersy Kosinski, author (Being There), dies at age 57. [1] * Disney releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film One Good Cop to theatres in the USA. [6] * Margaret Tallichet, actress (Stranger on the third Floor), dies. [1] May 4 * Morris K Udall (Representative-Democrat-Arizona), resigns due to Parkinson disease. [1] May 5 * William De Acutis dies at age 33. [1]

1095

May 6 * Anthony van Kampen, writer (Ketelbinkie, Geschonden Eldorado), dies. [1] * The Dow Jones Industrial Average removes Navistar International Corp., USX Corporation, and Primerica Corporation from its index, replacing them with Caterpillar Incorporated, Walt Disney Company, and J.P. Morgan & Company. [227] [228] * Space Shuttle STS 39 (Discovery 12) lands. [1] * Wilfrid Hyde-White, British actor (Peyton Place, 140+ films), dies at age 87. [1] May 7 * France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island. [1] May 8 * US Central Intelligence Agency director William H Webster resigns. [1] * Jean Langlais, French composer and organist, dies at age 84 (born 1907). [1] [41] * Lloyd Ford, stuntman, dies at age 79. [1] * Death of Rudolf Serkin in Guilford, Vermont, USA (born in 1903 in Eger, AustriaHungary); concert pianist. [37] [41] May 9 * James L Reinsch, media-advisor (Roosevelt/Churchill/Kennedy), dies. [1] * Michael Landon appears on The Tonight Show to talk about his cancer. [1] * Ronnie Brody, British actor (Superman III, Whats Up Nurse), dies at age 72. [1] * Rudolf Serkin, Bohemian/US pianist, dies. [1] May 10 * Armand Boni [Armand the Good], Flemish poet/writer, dies. [1] May 11 * Ho Dam, foreign minister North-Korea (1970-83), dies. [1] May 12 * A new cancer drug is announced, which can only be found in bark of a rare tree in the Pacific Northwest. [1] May 13 * Apple releases Macintosh System 7.0. [1] * Jimmy McPartland, jazz cornetist, dies of cancer at age 83. [1]

1096

May 14 * 42 die in a train collision is Japan. [1] * Ast Fonteyne, Flemish lecture artist, dies. [1] * Herman Niels, Flemish radio director, dies. [1] * Jiang Qing, Chinese radical revolutionary, widow of leader Mao Tse Tung, commits suicide (born 1914). [1] [41] * Robert M Gates becomes 15th director of US Central Intelligence Agency. [1] * Shintaro Abe, minister of Exterior of Japan (1982-86), dies. [1] * South African activist Winnie Mandela sentenced to six years for complicity in kidnapping and beating of four youths, one of whom died. [1] * World's Largest Burrito created at 1,126 pounds. [1] May 15 * Bud Freeman, jazz tenor saxophonist, dies of cancer at age 84. [1] * Édith Cresson becomes France's first female premier. [1] [41] * Nepal premier Bhattarai resigns. [1] * Death of Andreas Floer, German mathematician (born 1956). [41] * Ronald Lacey, actor (Raiders of the Lost Ark, Next Victim), dies at age 55. [1] May 16 * Prudence Nesbitt, British actress/TV producer, dies. [1] * Queen Elizabeth becomes first British monarch to address US congress. [1] May 17 * Lupita Jones, 23, of México, crowned 40th Miss Universe. [1] * Disney's Port Orleans Resort hotel opens in Walt Disney World. It has 1008 guest rooms. [6] * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film What About Bob? to theatres in the USA. [6] May 18 * Edwina Booth, actress (Trader Horn), dies of heart failure at age 86. [1] * France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island. [1] * USSR launches two cosmonauts to MIR space station. [1] May 19 * Douglas L Mays, cartoonist (Punch), dies. [1] * Rini Otte, Dutch actress (Ergens in Nederland), dies at age 74. [1] May 20

1097

* Julian Orbon De Soto, composer, dies at age 65. [1] * Soviet parliament approves law allowing citizens to travel abroad. [1] May 21 * Ethiopia's Marxist president Mengistu Haile Mariam resigns. [1] [41] * Jean Van Houtte Prime Minister of Belgium (1952-54), dies. [1] * Rajiv Gandhi, Indian Prime Minster (1984-91), assassinated at age 46 in Madras, India (born 1944). [1] [41] May 22 * Lino Brocka, director (Macho Dancer, Jaguar), dies in car crash at age 51. [1] * Roh Jai Bong resigns as premier of South Korea. [1] * Death of Derrick Henry Lehmer, American mathematician (born 1905). [41] May 23 * Last Cuban troops leave Angola. [1] * Peter T Thwaites, British Brigadier-General/playwright (Love or money), dies. [1] * US Supreme Court bars subsidized clinics from discussing abortion. [1] * William Sinnot, Scottish pop musician (Shamen), dies at age 30. [1] May 24 * Disney releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film Wild Hearts Can't Be Broken to theaters in the US. [6] * Authorised by Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir, Operation Solomon commences. [41] * Death of Wilhelm Kempff, German pianist (born 1895). [41] * Gene Clark, folk-rocker (Byrds-Tambourine Man), dies at age 49. [1] May 25 * Dorothy Davis Bostwick, entertainer, dies. [1] * Israel evacuates 14,000 Ethiopian Jews. [1] May 26 * Tom Cassidy, news anchor (CNN), dies of AIDS at age 41. [1] * In Thailand, a Lauda Air Boeing 767 crashes near Bangkok, killing all 223 people on-board. [41] * Tom Eyen, playwright (Dreamgirls), dies of cardiac arrest at age 50. [1] May 27

1098

* Austrian Boeing 767-300 explodes at Bangkok, Thailand; 223 die. [1] * Ed Dodd, cartoonist (Mark Trail), dies at age 88. [1] * Death of Leopold Nowak, Austrian musicologist (born 1904). [41] May 28 * Brigitte B Fischer, writer, dies. [1] * Ethel Lois Payne, journalist (Chicago Defender), dies at age 79. [1] * Ethiopian rebels seize Addis Ababa. [1] May 29 * Coral Browne, Australian actress, (Dreamchild, Ruling Class), dies of cancer at age 77. [1] May 30 * 64th US National Spelling Bee: Joanne Lagatta wins spelling "antipyretic". [1] * Manolo Gomez Bur, Spanish comedian dies at age 74. [1] * US Supreme Court rules prosecutors can be sued for legal advice they give police and can be held accountable. [1] May 31 * Angus Wilson [Johnstone-W], British writer (Wrong Set), dies. [1] * H N "Swanie" Swanson, literary agent, dies at age 91 from a stroke. [1] * Sides in Angola sign a treaty ending 16-year civil war. [1] June 1 * At the Consumer Electronics Show, Nintendo announces the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (Super NES). The 16-bit system will use new game cartridges, and compact discs using a CD-ROM drive developed with Philips N.V. [9] * Death of David Ruffin, American singer, The Temptations. [41] June 3 * In Japan, Mount Unzen erupts, killing 43 people as a result of pyroclastic flow. [41] * Harry Glicken, volcanologist, killed by Mount Unzen Volcano in Japan. [1] * Death of Maurice Krafft, (born 1946) and Katia Krafft (born 1942), volcanologists. [41] June 5 * Space Shuttle STS 40 (Columbia 12) launched. [1]

1099

* Death of Sylvia Field Porter, American economist and journalist (born 1913). [41] June 6 * Larry Kert, actor (Tony-West Side Story), dies from AIDS. [1] * Stan Getz, jazz saxophonist (Girl from Impanima), dies at age 64. [1] * Sylvia Porter, economist/author, dies at age 77. [1] June 9 * A major collapse of ground at the Emaswati Colliery in Swaziland traps 26 miners 65 m below the surface. The men have access to a safe refuge chamber and are all rescued by a drill hole 30 hours after the rescue unit was first alerted. [41] * Death of Claudio Arrau, Chilean-born pianist (born 1903). [41] June 10 * Mother of All Parades-New York City welcomes desert storm troops. [1] June 11 * Death of Cromwell Everson, South African composer (born 1925). [41] * On the cruise yacht New Yorker, dubbed the "DOS Boat", in New York City harbor, Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer unveil MS-DOS 5.0. It adds a full-screen editor, undelete and unformat utilities, and task swapping. GW-BASIC is replaced with Qbasic, based on Microsoft's QuickBASIC. (One million copies are sold in six weeks.) [4] June 12 * Boris Yeltsin is elected President of Russia, the largest and most populous of the fifteen Soviet republics. [41] June 14 * Space Shuttle STS 40 (Columbia 12) lands. [1] * Death of Peggy Ashcroft, British actress (born 1907). [41] June 15 * Philippines volcano Mount Pinatubo errupts for the first time in 600 years. In Luzon, a magnitude 5.6 earthquake is felt. This is the largest of a series of earthquakes associated with the eruption. At least 137 people are killed and extensive damage is caused in Zambales Province by the eruptions. [1] [41] [53] * Death of Arthur Lewis, British economist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1915). [41] June 17

1100

* The South African Parliament repeals the Population Registration Act, which had required racial classification of all South Africans at birth. [41] * U.S. President Zachary Taylor is exhumed to discover whether or not his death was caused by arsenic poisoning, instead of acute gastrointestinal illness; no trace of arsenic is found. [1] [41] June 18 * Joan Caulfield, actress (My Favorite Husband), dies of cancer at age 69. [1] June 20 * Decision of the Bundestag (in Bonn) that Berlin should become the German capital. [37] June 21 * Buena Vista releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film The Rocketeer to theaters in the US. [6] June 22 * Kevin O'Connor, actor (Bogie), dies of cancer at age 56. [1] * Underwater volcano, Mount Didicas, erupts in Phillipines. [1] June 23 * (to June 28) U.N. inspection teams attempt to intercept Iraqi vehicles carrying nuclear related equipment. Iraqi soldiers fire warning shots in the air to prevent inspectors from approaching the vehicles. [41] * Sega Enterprises introduces the Sonic the Hedgehog game for the Genesis and Game Gear video game systems in the US. [9] June 25 * Slovenia and Croatia declare independence from Yugoslavia. [1] [41] June 28 * In Sierra Madre, California, a magnitude 5.6 earthquake occurs. [53] June 29 * In Canada, one person wins a Canadian record (for a single winner) CDN$13.9 million Lotto 6/49 jackpot. [40.82]

1101

July 1 * Michael Landon, American actor (Bonanza, Little House on the Prairie), dies at age 54 from cancer (born 1936). [1] [5] [41] * The Warsaw Pact is officially dissolved at a meeting in Prague. [41] July 2 * Lee Remick, actress, dies at age 55 from cancer. [1] July 4 * Death of Victor Chang, Australian physician (murdered) (born 1936). [41] * In Timor, a magnitude 6.9 earthquake occurs. Two events about 2.5 seconds apart. Twenty-three people killed, 181 injured, at least 5,400 left homeless and about 1,150 buildings destroyed. [53] July 7 * The Brioni Agreement ends the 10-day war in Slovenia. [41] July 8 * James Franciscus, actor, dies at age 57 of emphysema. [1] July 10 * Boris Yeltsin begins his five-year term as the first elected president of Russia. [41] * Gerome Ragal, author (Hair), dies at age 48 of cancer. [1] July 11 * A total solar eclipse is seen in Hawaii and Mexico. [1] [5] July 12 * Columbia Pictures releases the film Boyz n the Hood to theaters in the USA. [9] July 15 * Bert Convy, American actor and game show host (Snoop Sisters, Win Lose or Draw), dies at age 57 of a brain tumor (born 1933). [1] [41] * US troops leave northern Iraq. [1] July 16

1102

* Frank Rizzo (Mayor-Democrat-Philadelphia, 1972-80), dies from a heart attack at age 70. [1] * Death of Robert Motherwell, American painter (born 1915). [41] July 18 * In Romania, a magnitude 5.6 earthquake occurs. Felt strongly in western Romania and in northwestern Bulgaria. Also felt in southeastern Hungary and in parts of Yugoslavia. [53] * Death of André Cools, Belgian politician (assassinated) (born 1927). [41] July 22 * Serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer is arrested after the remains of 11 men and boys are found in his Milwaukee, Wisconsin apartment. Dahmer confesses to killing 17 males in 1978. [1] [41] July 24 * Isaac Bashevis Singer, Polish-born Nobel Prize winning Yiddish author, dies at age 87. [1] [41] * The government of India announces its New Industrial Policy, marking the start of India's economic reforms. [41] July 26 * Disney releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film V.I. Warshawski to theatres in the USA. [6] July 27 * TV Guide publishes its 2000th edition. [1] July 29 * The Russian Federation and Lithuania sign a friendship treaty recognizing Lithuania as a sovereign state. [10] July 31 * Death of Baudouin I, King of the Belgians (born 1930). [41] August 2 * Space shuttle STS 43 (Atlantis 9) launched. [1]

1103

August 3 * Death of Ali Sabri, Prime Minister of Egypt. [41] August 4 * Death of Evgeny Dragunov, Russian weapons designer (born 1920). [41] August 5 * Soichiro Hondo, CEO and founder (Honda), dies of liver cancer at age 84. [1] August 6 * Harry Reasoner, newscaster (60 Minutes), dies at age 68. [1] August 7 * The World Wide Web debuts as a publicly available service on the Internet. [5] [41] * Court rules Manuel Noriega may access some secret US documents. [1] * Shapour Bakhtiar, former prime minister of Iran, is assassinated. [41] August 8 * Shite Muslims release British hostage John McCarthy. [1] * The Warsaw radio mast, the tallest construction ever built, collapses. [41] * Death of James Irwin, astronaut (born 1930). [41] August 11 * Shite Muslims release US hostage Edward Tracy. [1] * Space shuttle STS 43 (Atlantis 9) lands. [1] August 12 * Creditors vote to support Greyhound Bus reorganization plan. [1] August 13 * Jack Ryan, inventor (Barbie Doll, Hot Wheels), dies at age 65. [1] * Death of James Roosevelt, American businessman and politician (born 1907). [41] * The Super Nintendo Entertainment System is released in the United States. [41] August 14

1104

* Death of Richard A. Snelling, Governor of Vermont (born 1927). [41] * Douglas Kiker, newscaster (NBC-TV), dies of a heart attack at age 61. [1] August 15 * 750,000 attend Paul Simon's free concert in Central Park, New York. [1] * Marietta Tree (United Nations Commissioner of Human Rights) dies at age 74. [1] August 16 * Shamu the Whale dies at age 16, from respiratory failure. [1] * Stuart Karl, CEO (Karl Home Video), dies at age 38 of skin cancer. [1] August 17 * In Sydney, Australia, taxi driver Wade Frankum shoots seven people and injures six others before turning the gun on himself. [41] * West of Crescent City, California, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake occurs. [53] August 19 * Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev is put under house arrest while vacationing in the Crimea during a coup. The attempted coup, led by Vice President Gennady Yanayev and seven hard-liners, collapses in less than 72 hours. [1] [41] [46.265] August 20 * Estonia declares indepence from the Soviet Union. [10] [41] * More than 100,000 people rally outside the Soviet Union's parliament building protesting the coup that deposed President Mikhail Gorbachev. [41] * Lenore Strunsky Gershwin, widow of Ira Gershwin, dies at age 90. [1] August 21 * Latvia declares indepence from the Soviet Union. [41] (August 20 [10]) * Communist coup is crushed in USSR in two days. [1] * Lieutenant-colonel Vladimir Putin resigns from the KGB. [68.25] August 22 * Colleen Dewhurst, actress (Murphy Brown), dies of cancer at age 67. [1] August 23 * Buena Vista Distribution releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film True Identity to theatres in the USA. [6]

1105

August 24 * Bernard Castro, patented convertible couch, dies at age 87. [1] * Gorbachev resigns as head of USSR Communist Party. [1] * Ukraine declares independence from the USSR. [1] [41] August 25 * Student Linus Torvalds posts messages to a Usenet newsgroup comp.os.minix about the new operating system kernel he has been developing. [41] * Belarus declares independence from Soviet Union. [41] August 27 * Moldova declares independence from the Soviet Union. [41] August 28 * Five die in a New York City subway's third worst accident. [1] August 29 * Maronite general Michel Aoun leaves Lebanon via a French ship into exile. [41] August 30 * Death of Jean Tinguely, Swiss painter and sculptor (born 1925). [41] * Azerbaijan declares independence from Soviet Union. [41] August 31 * Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan declare independence from the Soviet Union. [41] September 2 * Jerry Lewis' 26th Muscular Dystrophy telethon raises US$45 million. [1] * Death of Alfonso García Robles, Mexican diplomat and politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (born 1911). [41] * The United States recognizes the independence of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. [41] September 3 * In Hamlet, North Carolina, a grease fire breaks out at the Imperial Foods chicken processing plant, killing 25 people. [41]

1106

* Frank Capra, Italian-born film director (It's a Wonderful Life), dies at age 94 (born 1897). [1] [41] * Dottie West, American country music singer, dies at age 58 in a car crash (born 1932). [41] (September 4 [1]) September 4 * Charlie Barnet, saxophonist, dies of pneumonia at age 77. [1] * Route 35 Theater in Hazlit, the last drive-in in New Jersey, closes. [1] * Thomas Tryon, actor (Cardinal)/writer (Other), dies at age 65. [1] September 6 * The Soviet Union's new ruling council recognizes independence of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. [1] [10] [41] * The name Saint Petersburg is restored to Russia's second-largest city, which had been renamed Leningrad in 1924. [41] September 7 * Death of Edwin McMillan, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1907). [41] September 8 * Alex North, music composer (Spartacus), dies at age 80 of cancer. [1] * Death of Brad Davis, American actor (AIDS) (born 1949). [41] * The Republic of Macedonia becomes independent. [41] September 10 * Yves Montand, actor (Lets Make Love, Z), dies at age 70. [1] September 11 * Fourteen die in a Continental Express commuter plane crash near Houston, Texas. [1] September 12 * Regis Toomey, actor (You're in the Army Now), dies at age 93. [1] * Space shuttle STS 48 (Discovery 14) launched. [1] September 13 * A 55 ton concrete beam falls in Montreal's Olympic Stadium. [1] * Joseph Pasternak, movie producer, dies at age 89 of cancer. [1]

1107

September 14 * Carolyn Suzanne Sapp (Hawaii) crowned Miss America 1992. [1] * Julie Bovasso, actress (Saturday Night Fever), dies at age 61 of cancer. [1] September 15 * General elections are held for Swedish Parliament. Carl Bildt is elected new Prime Minister, the country's first Conservative leader in 63 years. [7] September 17 * North and South Korea joins the United Nations. [1] * Death of Zino Francescatti, French violinist (born 1902). [41] September 18 * Space shuttle STS 48 (Discovery 14) lands. [1] September 19 * Ötzi the Iceman is discovered in the Alps by a couple of German tourists. [5] [41] September 20 * (to September 21) In Sandy, Utah several patients are held hostage and a nurse is killed in the Alta View Hospital hostage incident. [41] September 21 * Armenia declares independence from the Soviet Union. [1] [41] * IAEA inspectors discover files on Iraq's hidden nuclear weapons program. Iraqi officials confiscate documents from UN weapons inspectors, refusing to allow them to leave the site without turning over other documents. [41] September 22 * California University makes the Dead Sea Scrolls public. [1] * The Huntington Library makes the Dead Sea Scrolls available to the public for the first time. [41] September 24 * Theodore Geisel, American cheldren's author (Dr Seuss), dies at age 87 (born 1904). [1] [41]

1108

September 25 * Death of the "Butcher of Lyon", Klaus Barbie, in Lyon, France; head of the Gestapo in Lyon from 1942-1944, had 4,000 people executed. [37] September 26 * Two-year experimental Biosphere 2 in Oracle, Arizona begins. [1] September 27 * President Bush decides to end full-time B-52 bombers alert. [1] * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Deceived to theatres. [6] September 28 * Miles Davis, American jazz musician (trumpet), dies at age 65 from pneumonia (born 1926). [1] [5] [41] September 30 * Haitian President Jean-Bertand Aristide is ousted. [1] [41] * A twister destroys parts of Itu, a city in southeastern Brazil, killing 16 and leaving 176 injured. [41] October 2 * Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton announces he will seek the 1992 Democratic nomination for President of the United States. [41] October 4 * Leonard C Odell, wrote 7,000 Burma Shave poems, dies at age 83. [1] October 5 * The first official version of the Linux kernel, version 0.02, is released. [5] October 6 * Elizabeth Taylor weds for the 8th time (Larry Fortensky). [1] * Death of Igor Talkov, Russian singer, poet and composer, author of many anti-soviet songs (born 1956). [41] October 8

1109

* The Croatian Parliament cuts all remaining ties with Yugoslavia. [41] October 10 * Ex-postal worker Joseph Harris kills four postal workers. [1] * Greyhound Bus ends bankruptcy. [1] October 11 * Touchstone Pictures releases the live-action feature film Ernest Scared Stupid to theaters in the US. [6] * At a government auction near the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, Roger Judski buys a 1969 Corvette with ZL-1 engine, for US$300,000. This is the only documented Corvette ZL-1 in existence, one of two believed to have been built. [8] * In Russia, the KGB is replaced by the SVR. [41] * The United Nations Security Council passes Resolution 715, which demands that Iraq "accept unconditionally the inspectors and all other personnel designated by the Special Commission". Iraq rejects the resolution, calling it "unlawful". [41] * Redd Foxx, American actor/comedian (Sanford and Son), dies at age 68 from a heart attack (born 1922). [1] [41] October 12 * Askar Akayev, previously chosen President of Kyrgyzstan by its Supreme Soviet, is confirmed president in an uncontested poll. [41] October 14 * Bulgarian right wing opposition celebrates the end of the rule of the Bulgarian Communist Party. [41] * Death of Walther M. Elsasser in Baltimore, Maryland (born in Mannheim, Germany); physicist, professor, author. [37] October 15 * United States Senate votes 52-48 to confirm Judge Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court of the United States. [1] [41] October 16 * George Jo Hennard, age 35, kills 23 and himself and wounds 20 in Killeen, Texas. [1] [41] October 17

1110

* Tennessee Ernie Ford, American country singer ("16 Tons"), dies at age 72 (born 1919). [1] [41] October 20 * In Northern India, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake occurs. Two events about 1.6 seconds apart. At least 2,000 people killed, more than 1,800 injured and 18,000 buildings destroyed. [53] * The Harare Declaration lays down the membership criteria for the Commonwealth of Nations. [41] October 21 * The Oakland Hills firestorm in California kills 25 and destroys 3,469 homes and apartments. [1] [41] October 22 * General Motors announces nine-month fiscal loss of US$2.2 billion. [1] * Death of Leonora Knatchbull, daughter of Lord Romsey (born 1986). [41] October 23 * Dr Jack Kevorkian's suicide machine kills two women. [1] October 24 * Gene Roddenberry, Star Trek creator, dies of a heart attack at age 70 (born 1921). [1] [41] October 26 * Lori Rae Matthews crushed to death by an artist's 485-pound umbrella. [1] * In Canada, two people share a CDN$15 million Lotto 6/49 jackpot. [40.82] October 27 * The first free parliamentary elections are held in Poland. [41] * Turkmenistan declares its independence from the Soviet Union. [41] October 28 * In Russia, Boris Yeltsin announces the lifting of price controls. [46.268] * John Korbal, film historian (Marlene Dietrich), dies at age 51. [1] October 29

1111

* The American Galileo spacecraft makes its closest approach to 951 Gaspra, becoming the first probe to visit an asteroid. [41] October 30 * Mid East peace conference begins in Madrid, Spain. [1] October 31 * Joseph Papp, Broadway producer (Chorus Line), dies of cancer at age 70. [1] November 1 * Disney releases the film Fantasia on videocassette for US$24.99, and on laserdisc for US$40-100. (Nearly 15 million copies are sold.) [6] November 4 * Mid East peace conference ends in Madrid, Spain. [1] November 5 * Fred MacMurray, actor (My Three Sons), dies at age 84. [1] * Robert Maxwell, Slovakian-born American billionaire publisher (New York Daily News), is found floating dead in the Atlantic Ocean, at age 68 (born 1923). [1] [41] November 6 * The KGB officially stops operations. [41] * Gene Tierney, actress, dies at age 70 of emphysema. [1] November 7 * The last oil well fire in Kuwait is put out. [41] * The first report on Carbon nanotubes is published by Sumio Iijima in the journal Nature. [41] November 8 * The Carol Burnette Show premieres on CBS-TV. [1] November 9 * Yves Montand, actor, dies at age 70 from a heart attack. [1]

1112

November 11 * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Billy Bathgate to theatres. [6] November 12 * Full House 100th TV episode - the twins are born. [1] November 14 * American and British authorities announce indictments against 2 Libyan intelligence officials, in connection with the downing of the Pan Am Flight 103. [41] * Cambodian Prince Norodom Sihanouk returns to Phnom Penh after 13 years of exile. [41] * Tony Richardson, British director (Tom Jones), dies of AIDS at age 63. [1] November 17 * Kelly Jean Van Dyke-Nance (Jerry Van Dyke's daughter) suicides at age 33. [1] November 18 * Shiite Muslim kidnappers in Lebanon set Anglican Church envoy Terry Waite free, after four years of captivity. American educator Thomas M. Sutherland is also released. [1] [41] [129] * Serb troops take Vukovar after an 87-day siege and commit the worst massacre in Croatian history. [41] * Death of Gustáv Husák, Czechoslovakian president (born 1913). [41] November 19 * Near the West Coast of Colombia, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake occurs. [53] November 22 * Disney generally releases the animated feature film Beauty and the Beast to theaters in the US and Canada. (North American theater gross receipts: US$146 million.) [6] November 23 * Square releases the Final Fantasy II video game for the Super NES in the US. [9] November 24

1113

* Freddie Mercury, Zanzibar-born lead singer of Queen, dies of AIDS at 46 (born 1946). [41] (November 23 [1]) * First international flight from Long Island's MacArthur Airport (to Mexico). [1] * Death of Eric Carr, American drummer (Kiss) at age 41 (born 1950). [1] [41] * US 75th manned space mission "STS 44" Atlantis 10 launched. [1] November 25 * Bill Graham, rock concert promoter (Filmore), dies at age 60. [1] November 27 * The United Nations Security Council unanimously adopts a resolution opening the way to the establishment of peacekeeping operations in Yugoslavia. [41] * Undertaker beats Hulk Hogan to become new WWF champ. [1] November 28 * In northern Iran, a magnitude 5.6 earthquake occurs. [53] November 29 * Ralph Bellamy, actor, dies. [1] November 30 * 93 cars and 11 trucks in accident near San Francisco during a dust storm, 17 die. [1] December 1 * Byron Webster, actor (That Man Bolt), dies of AIDS at age 58. [1] * Colorado party wins Paraguay parliamentary election. [1] * George Joseph Stigler, American economist (Nobel Prize 1982), dies at age 80 (born 1911). [1] [41] * Nursultan Nazarbayev sworn in as President of Kazakhstan. [1] * US 75th manned space mission STS 44 Atlantis 10 lands. [1] * Ukrainians vote overwhelmingly for independence from the Soviet Union in a referendum. [1] [41] December 2 * Muslim Shites release American held hostage in Lebanon (Joseph Cicippio). [1] * In Romania, a magnitude 5.5 earthquake occurs. Some people injured, about 4,500 people homeless and more than 5,000 buildings damaged. [53] December 3

1114

* Alex Graham, British cartoonstrip artist (Fred Basset), dies. [1] * Casey Walters, actor (True Story of Lynn Stuart), after a stroke at age 75. [1] * Hulk Hogan defeats Undertaker to become four-time WWF champion. [1] * Muslim Shiites release US hostage Alan Steen. [1] * White House Chief of Staff John Sununu resigns. [1] December 4 * Muslim Shiites in Lebanon release last US hostage Terry Anderson (held 6.5 years). [1] [41] [129] * Pan American World Airways ceases operations. [1] [5] [41] December 5 * Charles Keating Jr (Lincoln Savings and Loan fraud), found guilty. [1] * Jill Browne dies at age 54. [1] * New York Daily News files for bankruptcy protection under chapter 11. [1] * Richard Speck, mass murderer, dies a day before his 50th birthday. [1] December 6 * Star Trek VI-The Undiscovered Country premieres. [1] * Ann Sorg Coston, actress (Anna-Aldrich Family), dies at age 62. [1] * Death of Richard Stone, British economist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1913). [41] December 8 * Buck Clayton, US jazz trumpeter/orchestra leader, dies. [1] * Kimberly Bergalis, got AIDS from health care worker, dies at age 23. [1] * A referendum on the constitution of Romania is accepted as valid. [41] * Leaders of Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine meet and sign an agreement ending the Soviet Union and establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), in the Belovezhskaya Pushcha Nature Reserve in Belarus. [1] [41] December 10 * Berenice Abbott, US photographer, dies at age 93. [1] * Death of Greta Kempton, American artist (born 1901). [41] * IM Pei receives $5 million for design of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. [1] December 11 * At their meeting in Maasstricht, the heads of government of the European Community agree to a common European currency with an independent central bank by 1999 at the latest. [37]

1115

* Artur Lundkvist, Swedish writer/professor (Swedish Academy), dies. [1] * Daniel Simon Scott dies of Alzheimer's disease at age 71. [1] * Headman Tshabala, South African musician (Ladysmith Black Mambazo), slain at age 44. [1] * Robert Q Lewis, US comic/TV panel member (RQL Show), dies at age 70. [1] December 12 * Eleanor Boardman, actor (Crowd), dies in at age 93. [1] * Lex Karsemeijer, Dutch tenor/choral director (Sweet 16, Pro Musica), dies. [1] * Maastricht Treaty signed to create a European Community. [1] * The Russian SFSR ceases to be a part of the Soviet Union. [41] * Orion Pictures files for bankruptcy protection in the USA. [1] December 13 * André Pieyre de Mandiargues, French writer (La marge), dies at age 82. [1] * Both Koreas sign an accord calling for reconciliation. [1] * New York assembly speaker Mel Miller is convicted of federal mail fraud. [1] December 14 * Ferry boat Salem Express sinks in Red Sea, 476 killed. [1] * Robert Eddison, British actor (Uncle Silas), dies at age 83. [1] December 15 * Horatio Luro, US horse trainer (Northern Dancer), dies at age 90. [1] * Ray Smith, British actor (And Then You Die), dies at age 55. [1] * Death of Vasily Zaitsev, Russian World War II hero (born 1915). [41] * The Egyptian ferry Salem Express sinks in the Red Sea, killing more than 450. [41] December 16 * Fred D Scott, actor (Two Gun Troubador), dies. [1] * United Nations reverses ruling that Zionism is racism by 111-25 (13 abstain) vote. [1] * The Federal Republic of Germany recognizes Croatia and Slovenia (former parts of Yugoslavia). [37] December 17 * John Blatnik (Representative-Minnesota, 1947-75), dies at age 80. [1] * Patrick Manning becomes premier of Trinidad and Tobago. [1] * Soap opera One Life to Live airs its 6,000th episode. [1]

1116

December 18 * DeForest Kelly, (Dr McCoy on Star Trek) gets a star in Hollywood. [1] * General Motors announces the closing of 21 plants. [1] * June Storey, actress (South of the Border), dies of cancer at age 73. [1] December 19 * Boris Yeltsin takes control of Kremlin. [1] * Ernest K Gann, US adventure novelist, dies at age 81. [1] * Paul Maxwell, actor (City of Fear, Freedom to Die), dies at age 70. [1] * Paul Keating replaces Bob Hawke as the new prime minister of Australia. [1] [41] December 20 * Andries D Copier, Dutch glass designer (Guild glass), dies. [1] * Fop[pe] I Brouwer, biologist (Everything That Lives and Grows), dies. [1] * Helene Heigh, actress (Undercover Woman, Teen Age Thunder), dies at age 86. [1] * Sam Rabin, speaker of house, dies at age 88. [1] * Touchstone Pictures releases the live-action feature film Father of the Bride to theaters in the USA. [6] * Stephen Birnbaum, US tourism writer, dies at age 54. [1] * Thomas Newman, actor/composer (Cape Fear), dies of heart attack at age 60. [1] * A Missouri court passes the death sentence on Palestinian militant Zein Isa and his wife Maria for the honor killing of their daughter Palestina. [41] * Walter Chiari, actor (Girl Under Sheet), dies of heart attack at age 67. [1] December 21 * 95 share in Madrid, Spain $1.3 billion lottery (number47996). [1] * El Sayid Nosair acquitted of killing Meir Kahane. [1] * Soviet Union formally dissolves; 11 of 12 republics sign treaty forming Commonwealth of Independent States. [1] December 22 * One month after Freddie Mercury's death, Queen's re-release of "Bohemian Rhapsody" returns to the top of the British singles charts, 16 years after the original version. [41] December 23 * Death of Ernst Krenek in Palm Springs, California, at age 91; Austrian/US composer (Orpheus and Eurydike). [1] [37] * Byron Q Griffith, producer/actor, dies at age 73. [1] * New York Daily News publisher Kevin Maxwell resigns. [1]

1117

December 24 * Walter Hudson, 1,025-pound man, dies at age 46. [1] December 25 * Curt Bois, actor (Great Waltz, Boat is Full), dies at age 90. [1] * Mikhail Gorbachev formally resigns as President of USSR. [1] [41] * Orane Demazis, French actress (Marius, Fanny et César), dies at age 87. [1] * Sal Provenza, entertainer, dies of lymphoma at age 45. [1] December 26 * Dehl Berti, actor (John Taylor-Guns of Paradise), dies at age 70. [1] * Jack Ruby's gun (killed Lee Harvey Oswald) sells for US$220,000 in auction. [1] * Militant Sikhs kill 55 and wound 70 in India. [1] * Sam Cresson dies at age 73. [1] * The Supreme Soviet meets and formally dissolves the Soviet Union. [41] December 27 * Carol Burnett Show last airs on CBS-TV. [1] * Edward M Love, choreographer/dancer, dies of AIDS at age 43. [1] * John Morgan Evans, actor, dies after lengthy illness at age 49. [1] * Near Arlanda in Sweden, SAS flight SK751 crashes and breaks into three pieces. Miraculously, there is no explosion, no fire, and no fatalities among the 129 aboard. [7] * W Hudson, "strongest man to the world" (540 kg), dies. [1] December 28 * Cassandra Harris, actress (For Your Eyes Only), dies of cancer at age 39. [1] * Irene the Icon of the Greek Orthodox church returns after being stolen. [1] * Jacques Aubuchon, actor (Hoax, Thunder Road), dies of heart failure. [1] * Ninibeth Beatriz Leal Jiminez, 20, of Venez, is crowned 41st Miss World. [1] * Ted Turner is named Time magazine Man of the Year. [1] December 29 * Boeing 747-200F of China Airlines crashes into mountain at Taipei. [1] * Julia McCarthy dies of cancer at age 64. [1] December 31 * CPN, Communist Party of Netherlands, last day of existance. [1] * The Soviet Union officially ceases to exist. [1] [41]

1118

1992 January 1 * Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt replaces Javier Pérez de Cuéllar of Peru as United Nations Secretary-General. [1] [33] * George H. W. Bush becomes the first U.S. President to address the Australian Parliament. [1] [33] * Constantin Poustochkine, jazz critic, dies. [1] * Corky Geil, dancer, dies in Long Beach, California at age 64. [1] * Curaçao becomes first in Dutch Antilles to have compulsory education. [1] * Ginette Leclerc, actress (Baker's Wife), dies at age 79. [1] * American Rear Admiral Grace Hopper dies, at age 85. Her computer-related career included programming the Mark I in the 1940s, helping invent the COBOL language, contributing to the first practical compiler, and coining the term "bug" in 1945. [1] [17.A17] [33] * Hette G Abma, vicar/Dutch Member of Parliament (SGP), dies. [1] * International Space Year begins. [1] * Mike Frankovich, US producer (Guess Who's Coming to Dinner), dies. [1] January 2 * Virginia Field, actress (Dream Girl), dies of cancer at age 74. [1] January 3 * 32 Cubans defect to the US via helicopter. [1] * Anthony Del Casino, band leader (Charlie Barnet Band), dies at age 79. [1] * Dame Judith Anderson, Australian actress (Star Trek III, Laura, Rebecca), dies of pneumonia at age 93 (born 1897). [1] [33] * Lewis Michael Friedman, pianist, dies at age 47 of AIDS. [1] * Radomiro Tomic, Chilean President (1970), dies. [1] January 4 * 8th largest wrestling crowd (60,000-Tokyo Dome). [1] * Earl Colbert, entertainer, dies. [1] * William Walker, stuntman/actor (Our Man Flint), dies at age 74. [1] January 6 * In Detroit, Michigan, the 1992 North American International Auto Show is held. Chevrolet debuts the Sting Ray III show car, a styling preview being considered for the next generation Corvette. [8] * Avon Jaeger Hill, entertainer, dies of cancer at age 44. [1] * Elaine McKenna, Australian actress (Peg Martin-Cell Block H), dies. [1]

1119

* Vincent Placoly, Martinique writer (Une journée torride), dies at age 45. [1] * Bosnian Serbs declare their own republic within Bosnia and Herzegovina, in protest of the decision by Bosniaks and Bosnian Croats to seek European Community recognition. [33] January 7 * AT&T releases video-telephone ($1499). [1] * Jhean Burton, entertainer, dies. [1] * Richard Hunt, puppeteer/actor (Muppet Movie), dies of AIDS at age 40. [1] January 8 * Abderrahim Bouabid, Morroco prime secretary (1972), dies. [1] * Johnny [Jan] Meijer, Dutch king of accordions (Body and Soul), dies. [1] * George H. W. Bush is televised falling violently ill at a state dinner in Japan, vomiting into the lap of Prime Minister Kiichi Miyazawa and fainting. [1] [33] January 9 * Steve Brodie, actor (Desperate, Bodyguard), dies of cancer at age 72. [1] * William JF "Bill" Naughton, Irish/British playwright (Alfie), dies at 81 (born 1910). [1] [33] * At the Winter Consumer Electronics Show, Apple Computer chairman John Sculley coins the term Personal Digital Assistant, referring to handheld computers that typically operate via a stylus on a LCD display. Sculley announces that Apple will enter the consumer-electronics market by the end of the year. [4] January 10 * Barbara Couper, British actress (Last Days of Dolwyn), dies at age 89. [1] * Disney releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film The Hand That Rocks the Cradle to theatres. [6] January 11 * Algeria's President Chadli announces his resignation. [1] * Singer Paul Simon is the first major artist to tour South Africa after the end of the cultural boycott. [1] [33] January 12 * 13th ACE Cable Awards: HBO wins 27 awards. [1] * The second round of Algeria's general elections is cancelled when the first round is favorable to the Islamic Salvation Front. [1] [33]

1120

* Harry van Doorn, Dutch Member of Parliament (KVP/KRO-chairman/PPR/CRM), dies at age 76. [1] * Walt Morey, US children's book writer (Gentle Ben), dies at age 84. [1] January 13 * Josef Neckermann, German founder mail-order firm/travel bureau, dies. [1] * US serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer pleads guilty but insane to the murders of 15 young men and boys. [1] [33] * Yvonne Bryceland, actress (Road to Mecca), dies of cancer at age 66. [1] * Japan apologizes for forcing Korean women into sexual slavery during World War II. [33] January 14 * Hari Rhodes, actor (Earth II, Detroit 9000), dies at age 59. [1] January 15 * The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia begins to break up. Slovenia and Croatia gain independence and international recognition in some Western countries. [33] * Bulgaria recognizes Macedonia. [1] * European Community recognizes Slovenian and Croatian independence. [1] January 16 * Roselle Novelle, silent film actress, dies at age 95. [1] * El Salvador officials and rebel leaders sign a pact in Mexico City ending a 12-year civil war that claimed at least 75,000 lives. [33] January 17 * Bill Walker, actor (Big Mo, Mask, Harlem Globetrotters), dies at age 95. [1] * Charlie Ventura, jazz sax (Bop for the people), dies of cancer at age 75. [1] * Dorothy Alison, actress (Maggie, third Key, Long Arm), dies. [1] January 18 * John Remme, entertainer, dies of AIDS at age 56. [1] * Tom Elios, entertainer, dies. [1] January 19 * IBM announces a nearly US$5 billion loss for 1992. [1] * Nature Boy Ric Flair becomes WWF champion at Royal Rumble. [1] * Rowdy Roddy Piper beats Mountie to become WWF Intercontinental Champ. [1]

1121

January 20 * Muhammad Abd al-Khaliq Hassuna, Secretary-General of Arab League (1952-72), dies. [1] * Roberto d'Aubuisson, leader of El Salvador, dies. [1] January 22 * A J Antoon, director (That Championship Season), dies at age 47. [1] * Ali Amini, Prime Minister of Iran (1961-62), dies. [1] * Rebel forces occupy Zaire's national radio station in Kinshasa and broadcast a demand for the government's resignation. [33] * STS-42: Dr. Roberta Bondar becomes the first Canadian woman in space, aboard Space Shuttle Discovery. [1] [5] [33] January 23 * Freddie Bartholomew, Irish child actor (Kidnapped), dies of emphysema at 67 (born 1924). [1] [33] * Ian Wolfe, actor (Houdini, THX-1138, Homebodies), dies at age 95. [1] * Simon Brand, South African banker/adviser to President De Klerk, dies. [1] January 24 * Charles Moulin, French actor (French Tarzan), dies. [1] * John Bleifer, actor (Highway to Heaven), dies at age 90. [1] * Tina Chow, model, dies of AIDS at age 41. [1] January 25 * Hubble space telescope optics finds NGC3862/3C264. [1] * John Touchstone, actor (Across Five Aprils), dies of cirrhosis at age 59. [1] * Mahmoud Riad, Secretary-General of Arab League (1972-79), dies. [1] * Nico Schuyt, Dutch composer, dies at age 70. [1] * Vernon William Reed Sr, singer, dies after a long illness at age 73. [1] January 26 * Americans with Disabilities Act goes into effect. [1] * José Ferrer of Puerto Rico, actor/director (Cyrano de Bergerac), dies at age 80 (born 1912). [1] [33] * Okke Jager, Dutch theologist/writer/poet, dies at age 63. [1] * Boris Yeltsin announces that Russia will stop targeting United States cities with nuclear weapons. [33]

1122

January 27 * 19th American Music Awards: C and C Music Factory, Michael Bolton win. [1] * Francesca Primus, columnist (Back Stage), dies at age 45. [1] * Gene Harris, entertainer, dies after long illness. [1] * Gwen Ffrangcon-Davies, British actress (The Master Blackmailer, Eliza Dolittle), dies at age 101. [1] * Jane Fonda undergoes arthroscopic surgery on her right knee. [1] * Death of Sally Mugabe (nee Hayfron), wife of Robert Mugabe and first lady of Zimbabwe (born 1933). [33] January 28 * Clark Tippet, dancer/choreographer, dies at age 37. [1] * Nahman Avigad, Israeli archaeologist (Discovering Jerusalem), dies at age 86. [1] January 29 * Willie Dixon, American blues composer (I'm a Man, Backdoor Man), dies at age 76 (born 1915). [1] [5] [33] January 30 * Space Shuttle STS-42 (Discovery 15) lands. [1] January 31 * IBM reports a year-end loss, for the first time, of US$564 million, on revenues of US$64.8 billion. [4] February 1 * George Berkeley, actor (Life Stinks, Captains and the Kings), dies at age 70. [1] * Irving R Kaufman, federal judge (Rosenberg Case), dies at age 81. [1] * Chief Judicial Magistrate of Bhopal Court declares Warren Anderson, ex-CEO of Union Carbide, a fugitive under Indian law for failing to appear in the Bhopal Disaster case, and orders the Indian government to press for an extradition from the United States. [33] February 2 * Bert Parks [Jacobson], TV host (Miss America Pageant), dies at age 77 (born 1914). [1] [33] * Disney's Dixie Landings Resort hotel opens in Walt Disney World. [6] * IRS and Willie Nelson settle on $9 million tax bill (of $16.7 million). [1] * Jack [John T] Aitken, British anatomist, dies at age 78. [1]

1123

* Maurice J Hill, writer (Track of Thunder), dies of pneumonia at age 89. [1] * Maurice L Kusell dies. [1] February 3 * Labor strike at Royal Canadian Mint ends. [1] * Portland, Oregon, starts their recycling program. [33] February 4 * Fred Slyter, dialogue coach, dies after long illness at age 56. [1] * John Dehner, actor (Apache, Cowboy, Boys from Brazil), dies at age 76. [1] * Death of Lisa Fonssagrives, Swedish model (born 1911). [33] February 5 * The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences announces the nomination of Beauty and the Beast for a Best Picture award. This is the first time in the history of the Motion Picture Academy that an animated feature has been nominated in this category. [6] * Donald Zimmerman, editor, dies. [1] * Laura Liddell. actress (Shakespeare Wallah), dies at age 83. [1] February 6 * Late Night's 10th Anniversary Show At Radio City Music Hall on NBC. [1] * Frank Wilson. actor (Beware, Sunday Sinners, Club), dies at age 37. [1] * Wade Preston. actor (Man Called Sledge), dies at age 62. [1] February 7 * Disney releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Medicine Man to theatres in the USA. [6] * Jeanne Gerson dies of cancer and pneumonia at age 87. [1] * Shannon Rhea Marketic, 22, (California), crowned 41st Miss USA. [1] * The Maastricht Treaty is signed, founding the European Union. [33] [37] February 8 * Baruch Lumet, actor (Killer Shrews), dies at age 93. [1] * Ulysses spacecraft passes Jupiter. [1] February 9 * Fastest yodeler-22 tones/15 falsetto in one second by Thomas School of Germany. [1]

1124

February 10 * Alex Haley, American author (Autobiography of Malcolm X, Roots), dies at age 70 (born 1921). [1] [33] * Florence Tarlow dies of cancer at age 70. [1] * Mau Kopuit, Dutch editor-in-chief (New Israeli Weekly Newspaper), dies. [1] * Meade Roberts, screenwriter, dies of congestive heart failure at age 61. [1] * Thomas Graftdijk, Dutch writer (Dr Faustus), dies. [1] * Wim Ramaker, Dutch director/writer (On Death Track), dies. [1] February 11 * An F-16 jet crashes into a residential district of Hengelo, the Netherlands; no casualties are reported. [1] [33] * Ray Danton, US actor/director (Psychic Killer), dies at age 60. [1] February 12 * Dorothy Tree, actress (Abe Lincoln in Illinois, Nazi Agent), dies. [1] * Ton Brandsteder, CEO (Sony Netherlands BV), dies at age 74. [1] February 13 * Bob den Uyl, Dutch journalist/writer (Restless Travel), dies at age 61. [1] February 14 * Angelique Pettyjohn, actress (Biohazard), dies of cancer at age 48. [1] * Cease fire in Somalia begins. [1] * Jacob "Bob" de Uyl, journalist/author (Restless Travel), dies at age 61. [1] February 15 * 100th episode of Cops airs on the Fox Network. [1] * Jeffrey Dahmer found sane and guilty of killing 15 boys. [1] * William H Schuman, US composer (Pulitzer)/President of Julliard, dies at age 81. [1] February * In the USA, the Florida state lottery draw gives an unshared win of US$15.5 million to a resident of Ontario, Canada. Winning numbers are 2, 6, 23, 33, 40, 48. [40.40] February 16 * Abbas Musawi, leader of Hezbollah, assassinated. [1]

1125

* Angela Carter, British novelist (Magic Toyshop), dies of cancer at age 51. [1] * Former silver Goodyear blimps are now painted yellow and blue. [1] * George Mann MacBeth, Scottish journalist/poet (A War Quartet), dies. [1] * Janio Quadros, President of Brazil (1961), dies. [1] * Winand J Borgerhoff Mulder, court judge Amsterdam (squatters), dies at age 78. [1] February 17 * A court in Milwaukee, Wisconsin sentences serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer to life in prison. [33] February 18 * In New Hampshire, U.S. President George H.W. Bush defeats Pat Buchanan in the Republican primary; Paul Tsongas leads the Democratic candidates. [33] * The Executive Chairman of UNSCOM details Iraq's refusal to abide by United Nations Security Council disarmament resolutions. [33] February 19 * Chet Leaming dies after brief illness at age 66. [1] February 20 * Andrew Schenck, conductor, dies of melanoma at age 51. [1] * Dick York, American actor (Bewitched), dies of emphysema at age 63 (born 1928). [1] [33] * Joan Dixon, actress (Hot Lead, Bunco Squad, Gunplay), dies at age 66. [1] * Orthodox patriarch Shenouda III visits Netherlands. [1] February 21 * Eva A Jessye, US singer/actress (Eva Jessye Choir), dies at age 97. [1] * Franc Holden, British astronomer (Binary Stars), dies. [1] * Jane Pickens Langley Hoving, singer, dies at age 83. [1] * Kate A ter Horst-Arriëns, Dutch nurse (Battle of Arnhem), dies at age 85. [1] * The United Nations Security Council approves United Nations Resolution 743 to send a UNPROFOR peacekeeping force to Yugoslavia. [33] * Roberto D'Aubuisson, El Salvadorian founder (ARENA), dies. [1] * William S Magginetti dies at age 98. [1] February 22 * Barry Diller resigns as CEO of Fox. [1] * Richard Sheldon dies at age 59. [1]

1126

February 23 * Jacquelyn Hyde, actress (Dark, House of Terror), dies at age 61. [1] * Markos Vafiades, leader (ELAS, 1943-49), dies. [1] February 24 * Kay Loring dies after long illness. [1] February 25 * 34th Grammy Awards: Unforgettable, Marc Cohn win. [1] * Digital Equipment unveils the 64-bit Alpha processor architecture, with speed estimates of 150 million instructions per second. [4] * Guy Deghy, actor (Matter of Who, 1 Eyed Soldiers), dies at age 79. [1] * John E Allen Jr, actor (1 2 3), dies. [1] * Ollie O'Toole dies after long illness at age 79. [1] * (to February 26) Massacre of 613 Azerbaijani civilians in Khojaly. [33] February 27 * Marinus Ruppert, Dutch trade union leader (CNV), dies at age 80. [1] * S I Hayakawa (Senator-Republican-California, 1977-83), dies from a stroke at age 85. [1] February 28 * Angelique Pettyjohn, actress (Body Talk, Star Trek), dies at age 49. [1] * Emilla Sherman, choreographer/rockette, dies. [1] * La Lupe, Cuban singer, dies of a heart attack in the Bronx at age 53. [1] February 29 * Earl Scheib, CEO (Earl Scheib Auto Paint), dies at age 85. [1] * Johnny Mack, British actor (Time Lord-Dr Who), dies at age 70. [1] March 1 * Maria Déa, French actress (Piéges), dies at age 73. [1] * After a majority of the Bosniak and Bosnian Croat communities vote for Bosnian independence, Serb snipers fire on civilians. [33] March 2 * Sandy Dennis, American actress (Up the Down Staircase), dies of cancer at age 54 (born 1939). [1] [33]

1127

March 3 * Gas explodes in coal mine at Zonguldak, Turkey, 263 die. [1] [33] * President Bush apologizes for raising taxes after pledging not to. [1] * Robert Beatty, actor (Odd Man Out), dies at age 82. [1] * Ted Liss, actor (Child's Play), dies of heart attack at age 72. [1] March 4 * Arthur Babbitt, animator (Mr Magoo, Goofy), dies at age 84 of heart failure (born 1907). [1] [33] * C Meijer, Dutch editor in chief (Typhoon), dies. [1] * Christian K Nelson, inventor (Eskimo Pie), dies at age 98. [1] * Mary Osborne, jazz guitarist, dies at age 70 of liver cancer. [1] * Nestor Almendros, Spanish/US cameraman (Kramer versus Kramer), dies at age 61. [1] March 5 * Andrew Samuel, child actor (Our Gang), dies at age 82. [1] * Yevgeny Yevstigneev, Russian actor (Welcome Kosta), dies at age 65. [1] March 6 * Elvia Allman, actress (Night at Earl Carroll's), dies of pneumonia. [1] * Emmy Huf, Dutch cabaret performer/writer (I Want Warm Meat), dies. [1] * Maria Vieira da Silva, Portuguese painter (Mirror Palace), dies at age 83. [1] * Disney generally releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Blame it on the Bellboy to theatres in the US. [6] * The computer virus Michelangelo is activated on personal computers. [4] March 8 * Red Callender, US jazz bassist (Unfinished dream), dies at age 76. [1] March 9 * Felipe Turich, actor (Lawless), dies. [1] * Jack McEdward, assistant director (Court-Martial of Billy Mitchell), dies at age 94. [1] * James Brooks, US mural painter (Flight, La Guardia New York), dies at age 85. [1] * Menachim Begin, Israeli prime minister (1977-1983, Nobel Peace Prize 1979), dies at age 79 (born 1913). [1] [33] * The People's Republic of China ratifies the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. [33]

1128

March 10 * 6th Soul Train Music Awards: Natalie Cole and Color Me Badd win. [1] * Roy Holmer Wallack dies of pneumonia at age 64. [1] * On 'Super Tuesday', U.S. President George H.W. Bush and Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton win most of the primaries held. [33] March 11 * David Carroll, actor (Grand Hotel), dies of pulmonary embolism at age 41. [1] * Heinz Kühn, Prime Minister (Northrhine-Westphalia, Germany), dies at age 80. [1] * Manuel De Dios Unanue, US anti-drug journalist, murdered at age 48. [1] * Richard Brooks, director (Blackboard Jungle, Key Largo), dies at age 79. [1] March 12 * Barbara Morrison, actress (Proj Moonbase), dies of heart failure at age 84. [1] * Hans G Kresse, Dutch cartoonist (Eric the Viking), dies at age 70. [1] * Ida Oosterbaan, Dutch founder (Women Action Committee), dies. [1] * Karel Poons, father of Paul Deen, dies. [1] * Philippe Soupault, writer, dies. [1] * Salvo Lima, mayor (Palermo)/Member of Parliament (christian-democrat), murdered. [1] * A tram-car crashes into a crowd of people at the tram-station at Vasaplatsen in Gothenburg, Sweden; 13 are killed and several injured. [33] * Mauritius becomes a republic while remaining a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. [33] March 13 * In eastern Turkey, a magnitude 6.7 earthquake occurs. At least 498 people killed, 2,000 injured, 2,200 houses heavily damaged. [1] [33] [53] * Clarence Wright, singer, dies at age 84. [1] * US Federal Communications Commission rules companies can own 30 AM and 30 FM stations (formerly 12). [1] * Hans Redeker, Dutch art critic (Algemeen Handelsblad), dies. [1] * Twentieth Century - Fox Film Corporatrion releases the film My Cousin Vinny to theaters in the USA. [8] March 14 * C V Wood Jr, theme park developer (Disneyland), dies of cancer at age 71. [1] * Jean Poiret, French actor/writer (La Cage aux Folles), dies at age 65. [1] * Ralph James, actor (Orson-Mork and Mindy), dies at age 67. [1] * Soviet newspaper "Pravda" suspends publication. [1] * Steven Brian Pennell is first execution in Delaware in 45 years, at age 34. [1]

1129

March 15 * Helen Deutsch, screenwriter, dies of natural causes. [1] * Jack Washburn, actor (Black Orchid), dies after long illness at age 64. [1] * United Nations officially embarks on its largest peacekeeping operation. [1] * Vanessa Lee, actress (Split), dies at age 71. [1] March 16 * Renzhong Weangn, Chinese politician (1934-45), dies. [1] March 17 * 18th People's Choice Awards: Garth Brooks and Reba McEntire. [1] * Charles Rea, British actor (Ipcress File), dies at age 69. [1] * A South African referendum asking whether to end Apartheid succeeds by a majority "Yes" vote. [1] [33] * George Lovi, US columnist (Sky and Telescope's "Ramblings"), dies. [1] * Grace Stafford Lantz, cartoon voice (Woody Woodpecker), dies at age 87. [1] * An Islamic Jihad suicide car-bomb goes off in the Israeli Embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina, killing 29 and injuring 242. [1] [33] * Jack Arnold, actor/director (Sid Caeser Special, Emmy 1967), dies at age 75. [1] * Russian manned space craft TM-14, launches into orbit. [1] March 18 * Cornelis B Vaandrager [C Vaan], poet (Giant of Rotterdam), dies at age 56. [1] * Donna Summer gets a star on Hollywood's Walk of Fame. [1] * Leona Helmsley sentenced to four years for tax evasion. [1] * On CNN's Larry King Live, Texas billionaire H. Ross Perot announces that he will run for U.S. President as an independent, if volunteers put him on the ballot in all 50 states. [33] (February 20 [1]) March 19 * British Prince Andrew and Princess Sarah Ferguson announce separation. [1] * Cesare Danova, actor (Cleopatra, Viva Las Vegas), dies from a heart attack at age 66. [1] March 20 * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures / Amblin live-action feature film Noises Off to theatres in the USA. [6] * Avonne Taylor, actress (My Best Girl, Honor Among Lovers), dies at age 93. [1] * Frank Westbrook, dancer/choreographer, dies at age 82. [1]

1130

* Georges Delerue, French composer (Hiroshima, My Love), dies at age 67. [1] * Janice Pennington is awarded $1.3M for accident on Price is Right set. [1] March 21 * John Ireland, actor (Rawhide), dies of leukemia at age 78. [1] * Death of Natalie Sleeth, American composer (born 1930). [33] March 22 * US Air New York to Cleveland crashes on take off at La Guardia, 27 die. [1] March 23 * Friedrich A von Hayek, British/Austrian economist (Road to Serfdom, Nobel Prize laureate), dies at age 92 (born 1899). [1] [33] March 24 * First Belgian in the space, Dirk Frimout on Atlantis Space Shuttle STS-45 (Atlantis 11) launches into space. [1] * Sudanese Boeing 707 crashes on mountain Hymettos at Athens; 5-6 die. [1] March 25 * Nancy Walker, actress (Ida Morgenstern-Rhoda), dies of cancer at age 69. [1] * Noémie Perugia, French mezzo soprano, dies. [1] * Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev returns to Earth aboard TM-14 after a ten-month stay aboard the Mir space station. [1] [5] March 27 * Anita Colby, US model/actress/author (Pepsi Coke), dies at age 77. [1] * Easley Blackwood, expert bridge player, dies at age 89. [1] * Gerry Duggan dies at age 82. [1] * James E Webb, head of NASA (1961-68), dies at age 84. [1] * Martin Engelman, Dutch cartoonist/painter/graphic artist, dies. [1] March 28 * 6th American Comedy Awards: Cathy Ladman, Judy Watkins, Billy Crystal. [1] * Wendell Mayes, writer, dies of cancer at age 72. [1] March 29 * 12th Golden Raspberry Awards: Hudson Hawk wins. [1]

1131

* Earl Spencer, father of Lady Diana, dies at age 68. [1] * Paul [G J von] Henreid, Austrian actor (Laszlo-Casablanca), dies at age 84 (born 1908). [1] [33] March 30 * 64th Academy Awards (Silent of the Lambs sweeps with Best Picture, Anthony Hopkins as Best Actor and Jodie Foster as Best Actress). [1] * Art Hannes, announcer, dies of a respiratory ailment at age 72. [1] * CBS TV premieres overnight news program Up To The Minute. [1] * Luigi De Laurentiis, Italian producer (Toto, Macaroni), dies. [1] * PJ Patterson resigns as 6th Prime Minister of Jamaica. [1] * Death of Manolis Andronikos, Greek archaeologist (born 1919). [33] March 31 * United Nations Security Council votes to ban flights and arms sales to Libya. [1] April 1 * Nintendo releases The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past video game for the Super NES in the US. [9] * Fifthth largest wrestling crowd (64,287-Toronto SkyDome). [1] * Battleship USS Missouri (on which Japan surrendered) decommissioned. [1] * World's seven wealthiest nations agree on $24 billion aid for former USSR. [1] April 2 * Country singer Wynonna Judd's first appearance as a single act. [1] * Edith Cresson, France's first female premier, resigns. [1] * In New York, Mafia boss John Gotti is convicted of the murder of mob boss Paul Castellano and racketeering, and is later sentenced to life in prison. [1] [33] * Paula Kelly, singer/actress (Sweet Charity), dies at age 72. [1] * Space Shuttle STS-45 (Atlantis 11) lands. [1] April 3 * Lloyd "Slim" Andrews, actor (Buf Bill in Tomahawk Territory), dies. [1] * Margaret Barker, actress (Fathers and Son), dies of lung cancer at age 83. [1] April 4 * Karl Tunberg, US scriptwriter (Ben Hur), dies. [1] * Sali Berisha becomes president/Alexander Meksi premier of Albania. [1] * Samuel Reshevsky, Polish-born chess grandmaster, dies at age 80. [1] * Sy Kramer, singer/comedy writer, dies of cancer at age 59. [1]

1132

April 5 * Anthony "Tony" Papa, big band leader, dies at age 65. [1] * Peru's President Alberto Fujimori suspends constitution and dissolves Congress. [1] * Sam Walton, billionaire CEO (Wal-Mart), dies of cancer at age 74. [1] * Samuel H Reshevsky, Polish/US chess grandmaster, dies at age 80. [1] * Thailand General Suchinda Kraprayoon installed as president. [1] * Wrestlemania VIII, 62,167 at Hoosier Dome; Randy "Macho Man" Savage beats Ric Flair for title, Hulk Hogan disqualifies Sid Justice. [1] * Death of Suada Dilberovic, Bosnian medical student (born 1968); first casualty of the Siege of Sarajevo. [33] * Death of Molly Picon, American actress (Milk and Honey), at age 94 from Alzheimer's (born 1898). [33] ([April 61]) April 6 * Britain Radio Authority licenses Virgin and TV-AM radio licenses. [1] * Isaac Asimov, Russian-born science fiction writer (I Robot), dies from kidney failure at age 72 (born 1920). [1] [33] * At the Comdex / Windows World conference, Microsoft unveils Windows 3.1, including scalable TrueType fonts. The software comprises over 3 million lines of code. (One million copies of the new and upgrade versions are sold through retail channels within the first 50 days.) [1] [4] * The Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (without the presence of Serbian political delegates) proclaims independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. [33] * Serbian troops, following a mass rebellion of Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina against the Bosnian declaration of independence from Yugoslavia, besiege the city of Sarajevo. [1] [33] * Death of Sam Walton, founder of Wal-Mart (born 1918). [33] April 7 * Alix Talton, former Miss Georgia, dies of lung cancer at age 72. [1] * Clovis Ruffin, fashion designer (T shirt dress), dies of AIDS at age 46. [1] * Rick Emery dies after long illness at age 39. [1] April 8 * After 151 years, Britain's Punch Magazine publishes its final issue. [1] [33] * Nelson Olmstead dies at age 78. [1] * Death of Daniel Bovet, Swiss-born pharmacologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1907). [33] April 9

1133

* Gale McGee, senator (Wyoming, 1959-77), dies at age 77. [1] * John Major, (Conservative Party) elected Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. [1] [33] * A Miami, Florida jury convicts former Panamanian ruler Manuel Noriega on 8 of 10 drug and racketeering charges. [1] [33] * Ruth Hammond dies in her sleep at age 96. [1] * William O Studeman becomes deputy director of US Central Intelligence Agency. [1] April 10 * 25 die in a bus bombing in Sri Lanka. [1] * A Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb explodes in the Baltic Exchange in the City of London; three are killed, 91 injured. [33] (April 11 [1]) * Floriade (Flower Show) opens at the Hague, Netherlands. [1] * Disney releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film Newsies to theaters in the USA. [6] * Sam Kinison, American comedian, dies in a car crash at age 38 (born 1953). [1] [33] April 11 * Adele Dixon, singer/actress (Uneasy Virtue), dies of pneumonia at age 83. [1] * Eve Merriam, poet (Inner City Mother Goose), dies of cancer at age 75. [1] * Death of Alejandro Obregón, Colombian painter (born 1920). [33] * James Brown, actor (Rip-Adventures of Rin Tin Tin), dies at age 72. [1] April 12 * The Euro Disney Resort, featuring the Euro Disneyland park, opens in Marne-laVallée, France, east of Paris. The US$4 billion complex has six hotels with 5200 rooms, and is staffed by 14,000 "cast members". Euro Disneyland park has 29 attractions in five themed lands: Adventureland, Discoveryland, Fantasyland, Festival Disney, Frontierland, and Main Street. 500,000 visitors were expected, but only 50,000 are admitted on opening day. [1] [6] * Joe Medwick, vocalist, dies at age 61. [1] * Trump Shuttle becomes US Air Shuttle. [1] April 13 * Roermond, the Netherlands, is rocked by a 5.5 magnitude earthquake along the Peel Fault. Felt strongly in many parts of northwestern Germany, eastern Belgium southern Netherlands, northeastern France, southeastern England. [1] [33] [53] * American Airlines reduces its first-class fares 20-50 percent. [1] * Brian Oulton dies at age 84. [1] * Crystal Pepsi begins test marketing in the USA in Providence, Denver, and Dallas. [1]

1134

* Great Chicago Flood - Chicago's underground tunnels flood. [1] * Wallace Stegner, novelist (Pulitzer 1972), dies at age 84. [1] April 14 * Court throws out Apple's lawsuit against Microsoft. [1] * David Miller dies of cancer at age 82. [1] * Sammy Price, US boogie-woogie pianist, dies. [1] * United Auto Workers ends five month strike against Caterpillar Inc. [1] * United Nations-imposed embargo against Libya takes effect. [1] * First light on the Keck 1 telescope with fully-filled mirror. [33] April 15 * Billionaire Leona Helmsley is sent to jail for tax evasion. [1] * Jay Leno's final appearance as permanent guest host of The Tonight Show. [1] * Lincoln Hospital in the Bronx loses its accreditation. [1] * William Shatner, Leonard Nimoy, and DeForest Kelley inducted into National Association of Broadcasters Hall of Fame. [1] * The National Assembly of Vietnam adopts the 1992 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. [33] April 16 * Afghanistan President Najibullah resigns. [1] * Andy Russell, drummer/vocalist (Your Hit Parade), dies of stroke at age 72. [1] * Frank Killmond dies at age 58. [1] * Neville Brand, actor (Stalag 17), dies of emphysema at age 71. [1] April 17 * Hank Penny, country music singer, dies at age 73 of heart failure. [1] April 18 * Florence Randall, model/designer (Bill Blass), dies at age 54 of cancer. [1] April 19 * Alice Mary Riley, entertainer, dies of cancer at age 51. [1] * Frankie [Francis Alex] Howerd, actor (Mr Mustard- Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, Carry on Doctor, Up the Front, That Was the Week That Was), dies from a heart attack at age 70. [1] * Pat Thompson, actress (Strictly Ballroom), dies at age 51. [1] * Robert F Clayton, drummer (Jody Grind), dies at age 26 in a car crash. [1] * Robert Paul Haynes, bassist (Jody Grind), dies at age 26 in a car crash. [1]

1135

* Death of Benny [Alfred Hawthorn] Hill, British comedian and actor (The Benny Hill Show), of a heart attack at age 67 (born 1924). [33] (April 18 [5]) (April 20 [1]) April 20 * 100th episode of Murphy Brown TV show airs in USA. [1] * The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert, held at Wembley Stadium, is televised live to over one billion people and raises millions of dollars for AIDS research. [1] [33] * Seville's six-month Universal Exhibition opens, called Seville Expo '92, in the city of Seville, Spain. [1] [33] * Johnny Shines Delta, blues singer/guitarist, dies at age 76. [1] * Madonna signs $60-million deal with Time Warner. [1] April 21 * Mobil Oil tug with 12,000 gallons of oil run aground in Arthur Kill. [1] * Robert Harris, murderer, executed in California's gas chamber at age 39. [1] * Vladimir Cyrillovitch, Grand Duke/Russian pretender to the throne, dies at age 74 (born 1917). [1] [33] * The death of Grand Duke Vladimir Cyrillovich of Russia results in a succession dispute between Nicholas Romanov, Prince of Russia and Vladimir's daughter Maria for the leadership of the Imperial Family of Russia. [33] April 22 * 6.0 earthquake in California. [1] * Billy Wayne White, murderer, executed in Texas at age 34. [1] * Fuel that has leaked into a sewer explodes in Guadalajara, Mexico; 215 are killed, 1500 injured. [1] [33] * Joop [Joseph] van Santen, Dutch first Chamber member (CPN), dies. [1] * Plane crash at Perris Valley Airport, California, kills 16 parachutists. [1] * Youcca Troubatzkoy, actress (Flower of the Night), dies. [1] April 23 * Marion Berry (former mayor of Washington DC) is released from prison. [1] * McDonald's opens its first fast-food restaurant in China. [1] * Satyajit Ray, Indian director (Distant Thunder/Agantuk), dies at age 70 (born 1921). [1] [33] * Victoria Kellem Lederman, model, dies of amyloidosis at age 52. [1] April 24 * Disney releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Passed Away to theatres. [6]

1136

April 25 * Brian Macleod, Canadian musician, dies of cancer at age 39. [1] * Dany [Daniël S] Tuijnman, Dutch minister of traffic and water, dies at age 77. [1] * Panos Christi, entertainer, dies of AIDS at age 54. [1] * Yutaka Ozaki, Japanese rock artist, dies at age 26 of pulmonary edema (born 1965). [1] [33] * In Cape Mendocino, California, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake occurs. [53] April 26 * Offshore, Cape Mendocino, California, magnitude 6.5 and 6.7 earthquakes occur, 3.5 hours apart. Felt throughout much of northern California and southern Oregon. [53] * Growing Pains, final episode on ABC TV. [1] * Who's The Boss, final episode after 8 years on ABC TV. [1] * Alberta Vaughn, actress (Wild Horse, Silver Devil), dies at age 87. [1] * Alex Haley, (Roots), wins 1992 Ellis Island Award, posthumously. [1] * Clyde Hartley, entertainer, dies at age 68. [1] April 27 * Olivier Messiaen, French composer, dies at age 83 (born 1908). [1] [33] April 28 * Francis Bacon, Irish/British abstract painter, dies at age 82 (born 1909). [1] [33] * Italian President Francesco Cossiga formally resigns. [1] * The two remaining countries of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Montenegro - form a new state, named the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, bringing to an end the union of Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, Montenegrins, Bosnian Muslims and Macedonians that existed from 1918 (with the exception of the period during World War II). [33] April 29 * 27th Academy of Country Music Awards: Garth Brooks. [1] * In Simi Valley, California, the Los Angeles police officers accused of excessive force in their severe beating of Rodney King, are found "not guilty". The verdict results in several days of riots in Los Angeles and smaller riots around the country, leading to 53 deaths and US$1 billion in damage. Two officers are later re-tried, and found guilty. [1] [33] * Mae Clarke, actress (Public Enemy, Frankenstein), dies at age 84. [1] April 30 * 208th and final episode of The Cosby Show on NBC-TV. [1]

1137

* Daan van Driel, Dutch cartoonist/WWII resistance fighter (Trouw), dies. [1] May 1 * Eric Houston kills four in a California high school where he failed history four years prior. [1] May 2 * Joey Cuevas, dancer, dies at age 34. [1] * Lee Salk, baby doctor/author, dies of cardiac arrest at age 65. [1] * Margareth Wallmann, Austrian opera director, dies at age 88. [1] * Philip Dunne, screenwriter, dies of cancer at age 84. [1] * Wilbur Mills, (Representative-Democrat-Arkansas)/involved with Fanne Foxe, dies at age 82. [1] * Yugoslav Army seizes Bosnian President Alija Izetbegovic. [1] May 3 * Elizabeth Lennox, radio singer, dies of heart seizure at age 98. [1] * George Murphy (Senator-Republican-California, 1965-71)/actor, dies of Leukemia at age 89. [1] * Peter Bruni dies of heart failure at age 60. [1] May 4 * Henri Guillemin, French historian, dies at age 89. [1] * Ismael Galeano "Commandant Franklyn" (Contra), dies. [1] * Vitali Andreyevich Grishchenko, Russian cosmonaut, dies at age 50. [1] * Death of Gregor Mackenzie, Labour Party (UK) politician (born 1927). [33] May 5 * Ben Frommer dies at age 78. [1] * Dick Yarmy dies of lung cancer at age 58. [1] * Jean-Claude Pascal, French actor (Golden Salamander), dies at age 64. [1] * Stefano d'Arrigo, Siciilian writer, dies at age 72. [1] * Alabama ratifies a 202-year-old proposed amendment to the United States Constitution making the 27th Amendment law. This amendment bars the U.S. Congress from giving itself a midterm or retroactive pay raise. [33] * Russian leaders in Crimea declare their separation from Ukraine as a new republic. They withdraw the secession on May 10. [33] May 6 * Jilly Rizzo, restauranteur/friend of Frank Sinatra, dies in car at age 75. [1]

1138

* Marlene Dietrich, born Marie von Losch, actress, dies in Paris, France at age 90 (born 1901 in Berlin, Germany). [1] [5] [33] [37] May 7 * Five New York City cops arrested in Hauppauge Long Island for selling cocaine. [1] * Constitutional amendment barring mid-term congressional raises passes. [1] * US space shuttle STS-49 launched (maiden voyage of Endeavour). [1] May 8 * Addeke H Boerma, director-general (FAO), dies at age 80. [1] * Brian Moore, writer (Catholics), dies of heart failure at age 59. [1] * Margaretha D Ferguson-Wigerink, author (Fear on Java), dies. [1] * Richard Derr, actor (When Worlds Collide), dies at age 74 of cancer. [1] May 9 * Final episode of Golden Girls airs on NBC-TV. [1] * Michelle McLean, 19, of Namibia, crowned 41st Miss Universe. [1] * Mike Tyrell [Red Baron], British air acrobat, dies in an accident. [1] May 10 * Bible Land Museum opens in Jerusalem, Israel. [1] * Joan Merrill, vocalist, dies of a stroke at age 74. [1] * John Lund, actor (Perils of Pauline), dies at age 81. [1] * Liesbeth Saijers, sculptor, dies. [1] * Sylvia Sims, singer (Flower Drum Song), dies of a heart attack at age 74. [1] May 11 * Carlos Herrera, drink inventor (Margarita), dies at age 90. [1] * Elizabeth McDonald, inventor (Spic and Span), dies at age 98. [1] May 12 * First Belgian woman (Ingrid Baeyens) to ascend Mount Everest. [1] * Robert Reed; actor (Brady Bunch), dies of AIDS at age 59 (born 1932). [1] [33] May 13 * Three astronauts simultaneous walk in space for the first time. [1] * Final episode of Night Court airs on NBC-TV. [1] * Floyd Arceneaux, trumpeter, dies at age 58. [1] * Gisela Elsner, writer, dies at age 55. [1]

1139

* Falun Gong introduced by Li Hongzhi. [33] * Death of F. E. McWilliam, Northern Irish sculptor (born 1909). [33] May 14 * Death of Nie Rongzhen, Chinese Communist military leader (born 1899). [33] May 15 * Bruce Hopkins, performer/director, dies at age 44. [1] * Colombo '92 World's Fair opens in Genoa, Italy. [1] [33] * New York department store chain Alexanders announces closing of all 11 stores. [1] * In Uzbekistan, a magnitude 6.2 earthquake occurs. Three people killed, 5,500 houses completely destroyed and more than 4,000 houses damaged. [53] * Robert Morris Page, US physicist (radar), dies at age 88. [1] May 16 * Marisa Mell, actress (Hostages), dies of cancer at age 53. [1] * US polls show presidential candidates Ross Perot, George Bush, and Bill Clinton could be in a deadlock. [1] * US space shuttle STS-49 lands (maiden voyage of Endeavour). [1] [5] [33] May 17 * George Hurrell, Hollywood photographer, dies of cancer at age 87. [1] * Lawrence Welk, American conductor/accordionist (Lawrence Welk Show), dies at age 89 (born 1903). [1] [33] * Leonardo del Ferro [Keyser], US epic tenor, dies. [1] May 18 * Marshall Thompson, actor (Bog), dies of congestive heart failure at age 65. [1] * Skip Stephenson, comedian (Real People), dies of heart attack at age 52. [1] * US Supreme Court rules states could not force mentally unstable criminal defendants to take anti-psychotic drugs. [1] May 19 * 27th Amendment ratified, prohibits US Congress from raising its salary. [1] * Englishman Dave Gauder, 224 pounds, pulls 196 ton jumbo jet three inches. [1] * Ric Flair wins NWA wrestling title. [1] * US Vice President Dan Quayle cites Murphy Brown (ficticious TV show) as a poor example of family values. [1] [33] May 20

1140

* FC Barcelona wins 373 Europe Cup 1 at London. [1] * India launches its first satellite independently. [1] * Rap singer raps 597 syllables in 55.12 seconds. [1] * In Pakistan, a magnitude 6.3 earthquake occurs. At least 36 people killed and 100 injured, at least 400 houses destroyed. [53] May 21 * Brendan Mulholland, Daily Mail reporter, dies at age 59. [1] * People's Republic of China performs nuclear test at Lop Nor. [1] * Elizabeth David, British cookbook writer, dies. [1] * Mrithi, gorilla (Gorilla in the Mist), dies at age 24. [1] * New Jersey senate overrides Governor Florio's veto and lowers sales tax to 6 percent. [1] May 22 * Hollywood Pictures releases the live-action feature film Encino Man to theatres in the USA. [6] * India launches its Agni rocket. [1] * Johnny Carson's final appearance as host of The Tonight Show. [1] * Tony "Big Tuna" Accardo, American mobster (Saint Valentines Day), dies at age 86 (born 1906). [33] (May 27 [1]) May 23 * Atahualpa Yupanqui, Argentine singer/composer/poet/guitarist, dies. [1] * A Mafia-planted bomb kills Italian anti-Mafia judge Giovanni Falcone. [1] [33] * President Bush orders Coast Guard to intercept boats with Haitian refugees. [1] May 24 * Joan Sanderson, actress (Young Wives' Tale, Fawlty Towers), dies at age 79. [1] May 25 * Jay Leno becomes the new host of NBC's The Tonight Show, following the retirement of Johnny Carson. [1] [33] * Johan B W Polak, publisher/publicist (Bloom of Décadence), dies at age 63. [1] * Marshall Thompson, US actor (To Hell and Back), dies at age 66. [1] * Nancy Walker, actress (Ida Morgenstein - Rhoda), dies of cancer at age 71. [1] * Oscar Luigi Scalfaro elected President of Italy. [1] * Philip C Habib, US diplomat (Middle-East/Asia), dies at age 72. [1] * Viktor Grishin, hardline Soviet communist, dies at age 78, dies. [1]

1141

May 26 * Weird Al Yankovic begins his Off The Deep End tour. [1] * Charles Geschke, President of Adobe Systems, is kidnapped from his company parking lot. Kidnappers demand a ransom of $650,000 - they are later apprehended. [33] May 27 * Daniël Robberechts, Belgian writer (Aankomen in Avignon), dies at age 55. [1] * Glen White, dancer/actor (Graft, Camille), dies of AIDS at age 42. [1] * John Myhers, director/actor (Billion Dollar Hobo), dies at age 70. [1] May 28 * 65th National Spelling Bee: Amanda Goad wins spelling "lyceum". [1] May 29 * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Sister Act to theatres. [6] * Bill Beyers, actor (Wally-Capitol), dies of AIDS at age 37. [1] * Karl Carstens, president of RFA (1979-84), dies. [1] * Peter John "Ollie" Halsall, guitarist, dies of a heart attack at age 43. [1] * Pippa Steele, actress (Vampire Lovers), dies of cancer at age 44. [1] May 30 * Daniel Addes, actor (Victor-Sunset Grill), dies at age 59. [1] * Karl Carstens, President German Federal Republic (1979-84), dies at age 77. [1] * Leen 't Hart, organist/composer, dies at age 72. [1] * New York Lotto pays US$30 million to one winner (numbers are 12-15-30-33-4048). [1] * United Nations votes for sanctions against Serb-led Yugoslavia to halt fighting. [1] May 31 * 46th Tony Awards: Dancing at Lughnasa and Crazy For You win. [1] * Lutz Stavenhagen, top aid to Chancellor Helmut Kohl, dies at age 52. [1] June 1 * Terrorist Carlos (the Jackal) is sentenced to life imprisonment. [33] * Kentucky celebrates its bicentennial statehood of the USA. [33] June 8

1142

* The first World Ocean Day is celebrated, coinciding with the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. [33] June 15 * During a spelling bee at a Trenton, New Jersey elementary school, U.S. Vice President Dan Quayle erroneously corrects a student's spelling of the word potato, by indicating it should have an 'e' at the end. [33] * Ghana Airways inaugurates flights to JFK Airport (New York City). [1] June 17 * A 'Joint Understanding' agreement on arms reduction is signed by U.S. President George H.W. Bush and Russian President Boris Yeltsin (this is later codified in START II). [33] June 18 * Death of Mordecai Ardon, Israeli painter (born 1896). [33] June 20 * In Estonia, kroon currency replaces the Soviet ruble. [33] June 22 * Two skeletons excavated in Yekaterinburg are identified as Czar Nicholas II and Tsarina Alexandra. [33] * Death of Chuck Mitchell, American actor (born 1927). [33] * US President George Bush presents Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates with the National Medal of Technology. [4] June 23 * Mafia boss John Gotti is sentenced to life in prison, after being found guilty of conspiracy to commit murder and racketeering on April 2. [33] June 27 * Death of Allan Jones, American actor and singer (born 1907). [33] June 28 * Estonia holds a referendum on its constitution. [33] * In Landers, California, a magnitude 7.3 earthquake occurs, followed in three hours by a 6.5 earthquake in Big Bear. [33] [53]

1143

June 29 * A bodyguard assassinates President Muhammad Boudiaf of Algeria. [33] July 2 * The one millionth Corvette car is built. It is an Arctic White LT1 convertible, with red interior and black top. Chevrolet donates the car to the National Corvette Museum. [8] July 6 * (to July 29) Iraq refuses a United Nations inspection team access to the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture. UNSCOM claims that it has reliable information that the site contains archives related to illegal weapons activities. U.N. inspectors stage a 17-day "sitin" outside of the building, but leave when their safety is threatened by Iraqi soldiers. [33] July 10 * In Miami, Florida, former Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega is sentenced to 40 years in prison for drug and racketeering violations. [33] July 13 * Death of Albert Pierrepoint, British Chief Executioner (born 1905). [33] July 15 * Death of Hammer DeRoburt, first President of Nauru (born 1922). [33] July 16 * Independent U.S. presidential candidate H. Ross Perot drops out of the race, saying that the Democratic Party has 'revitalized itself'. [33] * Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton is nominated for U.S. President and Tennessee Senator Al Gore for Vice President, at the Democratic National Convention in New York City. [33] July 17 * Disney releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film A Stranger Among Us to theatres in the USA. [6] * The Splash Mountain attraction opens in Frontierland in the Magic Kingdom at Walt Disney World. [6]

1144

* Buena Vista releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film Honey, I Blew Up the Kid to theaters in the USA. [6] July 20 * Václav Havel resigns as president of Czechoslovakia. [33] July 22 * Near Medellín, Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar escapes from his luxury prison, fearing extradition to the United States. [33] July 27 * Death of Anthony Salerno, member of the U.S. La Cosa Nostra and a leader in the Genovese Family (born 1911). [33] August 1 * NBC's Saturday Today premieres. [1] August 5 * Death of Jeff Porcaro, American musician (born 1954). [33] * Walt Disney World welcomes its 400-millionth guest. [6] August 7 * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film 3 Ninjas to theatres in the USA. [6] August 9 * Midway Amusement Games releases the Mortal Kombat video game to arcades in the US. [9] August 10 * The UK government bans the Ulster Defence Association, a loyalist paramilitary organisation that had been legal for twenty years. [33] August 12 * Death of John Cage, American composer (born 1912). [33] August 15

1145

* Colombo '92 closes in Genoa, Italy. [1] August 16 * Death of Mark Heard, American singer (born 1951). [33] August 18 * Wang Laboratories files for bankruptcy. [33] * Death of John Sturges, American director (The Great Escape, The Magnificent Seven) (born 1911). [33] August 19 * In Kyrgyzstan, a magnitude 7.3 earthquake occurs. An estimated 75 people killed. Several villages, including Toluk, were destroyed and at least 8,200 dwellings were destroyed. [53] August 20 * The Republican National Convention in Houston, Texas renominates U.S. President George H.W. Bush and Vice President Dan Quayle. Pat Buchanan, one of Bush's opponents in the primaries, delivers a controversial convention speech, in which he refers to a "religious war" in the country. [33] * Kristiansund's connection to the main land of Norway, Krifast, opens. [33] August 21 * (to August 22) Events at Ruby Ridge, Idaho are sparked by a Federal Marshal surveillance team, resulting in the death of a Marshal, Sam Weaver and his dog and the next day the wounding of Randy Weaver, the death of his wife Vicki and the wounding of Kevin Harris. [33] * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film The Gun in Betty Lou's Handbag to theatres in the USA. [6] August 24 * (to August 28) Hurricane Andrew hits South Florida and dissipates over the Tennessee valley when it merges with a storm system; 23 are killed. [33] August 29 * Death of Teddy Turner, comedian (born 1917). [33] September 1

1146

* Corvette chief engineer Dave McLellan formally retires. Next chief engineer: David Hill. [8] * Nintendo releases the Super Mario Kart game for the Super NES in the US. [9] September 2 * Near the coast of Nicaragua, a magnitude 7.6 earthquake occurs. At least 116 people killed, more than 68 missing and over 13,500 left homeless in Nicaragua. At least 1,300 houses and 185 fishing boats were destroyed along the west coast of Nicaragua. Most of the casualties and damage were caused by a tsunami affecting the west coasts of Nicaragua and Costa Rica, reaching heights of up to 8 metres. [53] * Death of Barbara McClintock, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1902). [33] September 9 * Universal Pictures releases the film Sneakers to theaters in the USA. [4] September 11 * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Crossing the Bridge to theatres in the USA. [6] * In Zaire, a magnitude 6.4 earthquake occurs. At least eight people were killed, 37 were injured and several buildings were destroyed at Kibombo. [53] * Hurricane Iniki hits the Hawaiian Islands, Kauai and Oahu. [33] September 12 * NASA launches Space Shuttle Endeavour on STS-47, the 50th shuttle mission: Dr. Mae Jemison becomes the first African-American woman to travel into space. [5] [33] * Death of Anthony Perkins, American actor, most noted for his portrayal of Norman Bates in Alfred Hitchcock's 1960 film Psycho (born 1932). [33] September 15 * Mihkel Mathiesen assumes presidency of the pre-WW II Republic of Estonia in exile, and appoints a new government in pursuit to avoid abolition of the government in exile. [33] September 16 * The Pound Sterling and the Italian Lira are forced out of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (Black Wednesday). [33] September 17

1147

* Two Kurdish opposition leaders are assassinated by the Iranian Kazem Darabi and the Lebanese Abbas Rhayel. [33] September 18 * Undaunted by his earlier withdrawal, supporters of U.S. presidential candidate H. Ross Perot succeed in getting his name on the ballot in all 50 states. [33] * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Captain Ron to theatres in the USA. [6] September 23 * A large Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb destroys the forensic laboratories in Belfast. [33] September 25 * Buena Vista generally releases the film Sarafina! to theaters in the US. [6] September 26 * In Canada, three people share a CDN$18 million Lotto 6/49 jackpot. [40.82] September 27 * Enix releases the Dragon Quest V game for the Super Famicom in Japan. (2.8 million copies are sold over its lifetime.) [9] October 1 * H. Ross Perot re-enters the 1992 U.S. presidential campaign. [33] * Pittsburgh International Airport's new facility is opened in Findlay Township, near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The new terminal is built as an expansion for USAir and an upgrade from the older Pittsburgh International Airport facility. [33] October 2 * Disney releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film The Mighty Ducks to theaters in the USA. [6] October 4 * An Israeli plane crashes in Amsterdam, the Netherlands; 43 are killed, many more injured. [33]

1148

October 5 * Death of Eddie Kendricks, American singer (The Temptations) (born 1939). [33] * IBM Personal Computer introduces the IBM ThinkPad line of laptop computers. [4] October 6 * Lennart Meri becomes the first president of re-independent Estonia. [33] * Death of Denholm Elliott, English actor (born 1922). [33] October 7 * Death of Tevfik Esenç, last known speaker of Ubykh (born 1904). [33] October 8 * Death of Willy Brandt, Chancellor of Germany, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (born 1913). [33] October 9 * The Chief of Naval Operations adopts the US Navy's core values: Honor, Courage, and Commitment. [33] * A 13-kilogram (29-pound) meteorite lands in the driveway of the Knapp residence in Peekskill, New York, destroying the family's 1980 Chevrolet Malibu. [5] [33] * Willy Brandt (born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm) dies in Unkel, Germany; mayor of West Berlin (1957-66), foreign minister and vice-chancellor (1966-69), chancellor (196974), Nobel Prize for Peace in 1971. [37] October 10 * Floriade (Flower Show) closes at the Hague, Netherlands. [1] October 12 * Expo '92 closes in Seville, Spain. [1] * In the Dominican Republic, Pope John Paul II congregates to celebrate the 500th anniversary on the meeting of two cultures. [33] * In Egypt, a magnitude 5.8 earthquake occurs. At least 552 people killed, more than 9,929 injured and 8,300 buildings damaged or destroyed in the Cairo area. Estimate of damage about US$300 million. [53] October 14

1149

* IBM and Motorola announce the production of PowerPC 601 microprocessors, in 50 MHz and 66 MHz versions. PowerPC stands for "Power Performance Chip", and incorporates an integer unit, a floating-point unit, and 32 MB cache. [4] October 15 * In Russia, Andrei Chikatilo is found guilty of 52 serial murders. [33] October 16 * Disney releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Consenting Adults to theatres in the USA. [6] October 17 * Yoshihiro Hattori, a 16-year-old Japanese exchange student, mistakes the address of a party and is shot dead after knocking on the wrong door in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The shooter, Rodney Peairs, is later acquitted, sparking outrage in Japan. [33] * Death of Herman Johannes, Indonesian professor, scientist and politician (born 1912). [33] October 18 * In Northern Colombia, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake occurs. [53] October 22 * Death of Cleavon Little, American actor (born 1939). [33] October 23 * In Morocco, a magnitude 5.2 earthquake occurs. [53] October 25 * Lithuania holds a referendum on its first constitution after declaring independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. [33] * Death of Roger Miller, American singer (born 1936). [33] October 26 * In Canada, the Charlottetown Accord is defeated in a national referendum. [33] October 27

1150

* Death of David Bohm, American-born physicist, philosopher, and neuropsychologist (born 1917). [33] October 29 * The Food and Drug Administration approves Depo Provera for use as a contraceptive in the United States. [33] October 30 * Disney releases the film Beauty and the Beast on videocassette. One million copies sell on the first day. (In total, 22 million sell worldwide.) [6] October 31 * Pope John Paul II issues an apology, and lifts the edict of the Inquisition against Galileo Galilei. [33] November 2 * Death of Hal Roach, American director and producer (born 1892). [33] November 3 * U.S. presidential election: Bill Clinton defeats incumbent U.S. President George H.W. Bush and businessman H. Ross Perot. [1] [33] November 7 * Death of Alexander Dubcek, Slovakian politician (born 1921). [33] November 9 * Helmut Kohl, Michail Gorbatschov and Ronald Reagan are made honorary citizens of Berlin for their contributions to German reunification. [37] November 11 * The Church of England votes to allow women to become priests. [33] * General Synod votes for Ordination of women in the United Kingdom. [1] November 16 * Microsoft ships Microsoft Access 1.0 database program for Windows. Price is US$99. [4]

1151

November 20 * In England, a fire breaks out in the Private Chapel room of Windsor Castle, rages for 15 hours, and seriously damages the northwest side of the building. (An investigation finds that the fire was ignited after a spotlight came into contact with a curtain over an extended period.) [33] November 22 * Death of Sterling Holloway, American actor (born 1905). [33] November 24 * In the People's Republic of China, a China Southern Airlines domestic flight crashes, killing all 141 people on-board. [1] [33] November 25 * Disney generally releases the film Aladdin to theaters in the USA. (World theater gross receipts: US$502 million.) [6] * The Czechoslovakia Federal Assembly votes to split the country into the Czech Republic and Slovakia, starting on January 1, 1993. [33] November 30 * The trial of 14 South Vietnamese accused of murdering 24 North Vietnamese begins in Hong Kong (ends November 29, 1994). [33] December 1 * Two C-141B Starlifters collide in Montana and crash, 13 die. [1] December 2 * Gary Mascaro, choreographer, dies at age 43. [1] * Loek Elfferich, Dutch journalist/historian (Treason in Rotterdam), die. [1] December 3 * Harry Ellerbe, actor (House of Usher, Magnetic Monster), dies at age 91. [1] * Luis Alcoriza, actor/writer/director (Tiburoneros), dies of emphysema. [1] * Nureddin Al-Atassi, President of Syria (1966-70), dies. [1] * United Nations Security Council Resolution 794 is unanimously passed, approving a coalition of United Nations peacekeepers led by the United States to form UNITAF, tasked with ensuring humanitarian aid gets distributed and establishing peace in Somalia. [1] [33]

1152

* The Greek oil tanker Aegean Sea, carrying 80,000 tonnes of crude oil, runs aground in a storm while on approach to La Coruña, Spain, and spills much of its cargo. [33] December 4 * U.S. military forces land in Somalia. [1] [33] * Hollywood Pictures releases the live-action feature film The Distinguished Gentleman to theatres in the USA. [6] December 5 * Hilary Tindall, actress (Dominique-Max Headroom), dies of cancer at age 54. [1] * Sergei Aleksandrovich Yemelyanov, Russian cosmonaut, dies at age 41. [1] * Kent Conrad of North Dakota resigns his seat in the United States Senate and is sworn into the other seat from North Dakota, becoming the only U.S. Senator ever to have held two seats on the same day. [33] December 6 * 300,000 Hindus demolish Babri Masjid (a 16th century mosque) in Ayodhya, India. Foue die; riots follow. [1] [33] * Hank Worden, actor (Red River), dies of natural causes at age 91. [1] * Percy Herbert, actor (Captain Apache), dies of heart attack at age 72. [1] * Death of Mimi Smith, maternal aunt and guardian of John Lennon (born 1914). [33] December 7 * Galileo spacecraft passes North Pole of Moon (Peary Crater). [1] * Maurice Coutinho, writer/translator (Silent Struggle), dies at age 79. [1] * Ruth Corbett Thom dies after long illness at age 78. [1] * Vincent Gardenia, actor (Moonstruck, L.A. Law), dies at age 71. [1] December 8 * Galileo's nearest approach to Jupiter (303 km). [1] * William Shawn, US editor-in-chief (New Yorker, 1952-87), dies at age 85. [1] * The last blast is fired in the Falu Copper Mine in central Sweden. The mine operation is claimed to be the world's oldest industrial worksite, operating continuously for at least 1000 years. The site is now shutting down due to lack of workable ore. [7] [33] December 9 * Prince Charles and Princess Diana separation announced by British Prime Minister, John Major. [1] * Vincent Gardenia, actor (All in the Family, L.A. Law), dies at age 71. [1]

1153

December 10 * Carlomagno Andrade, Equadorian general, dies. [1] December 11 * Disney releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film The Muppet Christmas Carol to theaters in the USA. [6] * Michael Robbins, actor (Lunch Hour, On the Buses), dies at age 62. [1] * Nor'easter storm hits New York, doing $650 million+ worth of damage. [1] * Vilma Banky, silent film actress (Eagle, Rebel), dies at about age 90. [1] * WNEW AM radio on 1130 in New York City ends transmitting after 58 years. [1] December 12 * In Flores Region, Indonesia, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake occurs. At least 2,200 people killed or missing in the Flores region, more than 500 people injured and 40,000 left homeless. Tsunami wave heights of up to 25 metres. [1] [33] [53] * Bernard Lievegoed, Dutch doctor/psychiatrist/author (Free College), dies at age 87. [1] * Japanese crown prince Naruhito announces engagement to Masaka Owada. [1] * Julia Kurotchkina, 18, of Russia, crowned 42nd Miss World. [1] * Death of Suzanne Lilar, Belgian essayist, novelist and playwright (born 1901). [33] December 13 * Bernard Drukker, Dutch pianist/orchestra leader (duivelswiel), dies. [1] December 15 * Fré [Frederik] Meis, Dutch Member of Parliament (CPN), dies at age 71. [1] December 16 * Anton [Tom] Koolhaas, Dutch writer (Snow White), dies at age 80. [1] * Israel orders deportation of 415 Palestinians after escalating terrorist activity. [1] December 17 * Dana Andrews, actor (Laura, Best Years of Our Lives), dies of pneumonia in Los Alamitos at age 83. [1] * General Suwa finds tooth of 4.4 million-year-old Australopithecus ramidus. [1] December 18

1154

* Mark Goodson, American TV game show producer (Goodson-Toddman), dies at age 77 (born 1915). [1] [33] * Mother Clare Hale, cared for New York City AIDS babies (Hale House), dies at age 87. [1] * Richard H Ichord, US leader of House Un-American Activities Committee, dies. [1] December 20 * Northwest and KLM introduce a new joint logo "Worldwide Reliability". [1] * Slobodan Milosevic re-elected President of Serbia. [1] * The Folies Bergere music hall in Paris, France closes. [33] December 21 * Albert King, American blues singer/guitarist (Crosscut Saw), dies at age 71 (born 1923). [1] [33] * A Dutch DC-10, flight Martinair MP 495, crashes at Faro Airport in Portugal, killing 56 people. [1] [33] * Nathan Milstein, Ukrainian/US violist (Beethoven, Bach), dies at age 87 (born 1903). [1] [33] * Stella Adler, American actress (Love on Toast), dies at age 90 (born 1901). [1] [33] * Sybil Andrews, English/Canada painter, dies at age 94. [1] December 22 * Frederick William Franz, a member of the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses and fourth President of Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society, dies at age 99 (born 1893). [1] [33] * Libyan MIG-23UB attacks Boeing 727 at Souk al-Sabt, 158 die. [1] * Death of Lord Ted Willis, British television dramatist and author (born 1914). [33] December 23 * Eddie Hazel, US pop guitarist (Funkadelic-Knee Deep), dies at age 42. [1] December 24 * Abdulkadir Widjojoatmodjo, Java diplomat, dies. [1] * Pierre Culliford [Peyo], Belgian cartoonist (Smurfs), dies at age 64. [1] * US President Bush pardons Caspar Weinberger of Iran-contra affair. [1] December 25 * Garrison H Davidson, US Lieutenant-General commandant (West Point), dies. [1] * Helen B M Fennell Joseph, English/South Africa anti-apartheid, dies at age 87. [1] * Monica Dickens, English/US journalist/author, dies at age 77 (born 1915). [1] [33]

1155

December 26 * Bert [Lambertus H] Voeten, Dutch poet (Antipodes), dies at age 74. [1] * Constance Carpenter, actress (Two Worlds), dies of stroke at age 87. [1] * John G Kemeny, US computer pioneer (BASIC), dies. [1] * Nikita Magaloff, Russian/Swiss pianist, dies at age 80. [1] December 27 * Cardew "the Cad" [Douglas] Robinson, English comedian (Alfie), dies at age 75. [1] * Jan Peeters, Dutch watercolorist/monument artist, dies. [1] December 28 * Mort Greene, US songwriter (My Grandfather's Clock), dies at age 80. [1] December 29 * Governor Cuomo grants Jean Harris ("Scarsdale Diet" Murderess) clemency. [1] * L H Ruitenberg, vicar/editor in chief (Reform Netherlands), dies at age 87. [1] * Vivienne Segal, US actress (Broadway, Pal Joey), dies at age 95. [1] * Brazil's president Fernando Collor de Mello is found guilty on charges that he stole more than $32 million from the government, preventing him from holding any elected office for eight years. [33] December 30 * César [Caesar] Domela, painter/son of Ferdinand D Nieuwenhuis, dies. [1] * Ling-Ling, first panda China gave US, dies at age 23. [1]

1156

1993 January 1 * Twelve-member European Economic Community set up vast free trade zone. [1] * Czechoslovakia separates into Czech Republic and Slovakia. [1] [31] * June Clayworth, actress (Bodyguard, Criminal Court), dies of lymphoma. [1] * Phyllis Hill, actress (Singing in the Dark), dies of lung cancer at age 72. [1] January 3 * In Dresden, Germany, reconstruction of the Frauenkirche church begins. The church had collapsed during bombing in 1945. (Reconstruction is completed in 2004.) [10] * Peter Brocco, blacklisted in the 1950s, dies of heart attack at age 89. [1] * In Moscow, George H. W. Bush and Boris Yeltsin sign the second Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START). [31] * Death of Sean Devereux, English Salesian missionary and aid worker (born 1965). [31] January 4 * 7th largest wrestling crowd (63,500-Tokyo Dome). [1] * Joe Keenan, actor (Conviction of Kitty Dodd), dies of cancer at age 69. [1] January 5 * George L George, Russian/US journalist/director/producer, dies at age 85. [1] * Henk Knol, Suriname Member of Parliament (PvdA), dies at age 61. [1] * Jennifer Raine Bissell, daughter of Alan Napier, dies 60. [1] * Juan Benet, Goitia Spanish writer (Herrumbrosas Lanzas), dies at age 65. [1] * Klaas Wiersma, Dutch Secretary of Justice (VVD), dies. [1] * Leonce Gras, Flemish singer/conductor, dies at age 84. [1] * Nyamuisi Muvingi, Zaire minister of Culture, murdered. [1] * Price is Right model Janice Pennington sues CBS for show accident. [1] * Ronnie Welsh, actor (Patterns), dies of brain cancer at age 52. [1] * In the USA, the state of Washington executes Westley Allan Dodd by hanging (the first legal hanging in America since 1965). [1] [31] January 6 * Elisabeth, arch duchess of Austria/princess of Liechtenstein, dies at age 70. [1] * Jean Mueller discovers comet Mueller/1993a. [1] * John B "Dizzy" Gillespe, American blues trumpeter/bandleader/composer, dies of cancer at age 75 (born 1917). [1] [31] * Rudolph Nureyev, Russian ballet dancer (Kirov), dies of AIDS at age 54. [1]

1157

January 7 * Richard Branda, actor (Two Minute Warning), dies of colon cancer at age 57. [1] * The Winter Consumer Electronics Show is held in Las Vegas, Nevada. 3DO announces a CD-based entertainment platform, developed by Electronic Arts, Time Warner, Matsushita, and Kleiner Perkins. [9] * The Fourth Republic of Ghana is inaugurated with Jerry Rawlings as President. [31] January 8 * Asif Nawaz, Pakistani General, dies. [1] * Hakija Turajlic, Bosnian vice-premier, murdered. [1] * NBC offers The Tonight Show to David Letterman. [1] * Theo Bruins, Dutch pianist/composer (Syncope), dies at age 63. [1] January 9 * Alois Brunner, German/Syrian commandant of KZ-Lower Drancy, dies. [1] * Felix Grucci, fireworks expert, dies of Alzheimer's disease at age 87. [1] January 10 * Diana Adams, ballerina, dies. [1] * Maiden flight of Ultrair (Houston to Los Angeles). [1] * Noorjahan Begum, "adulterous" wife in Bangladesh, stoned to death. [1] January 11 * Independent presidential candidate Ross Perot publicly returns to politics. [1] * Lacey Fosburgh, author (Closing Time), dies of breast cancer at age 50. [1] January 12 * Carles Mira, Spanish director (Que Nos Quiten Lo Bailao), dies at age 45. [1] * MTV hostess Martha Quinn marries longtime boyfriend Jordan Tarlow. [1] * A German court in Berlin drops charges against Erich Honecker (related to shootings at the German-German border) with the justification that he was 80 years old and terminally ill. [37] January 13 * Rene Pleven, Prime Minister of France (1950-51, 1951-52), dies. [1] * STS-54 (Endeavour) launches into orbit. [1] * Death of Hugh Walters, British juvenile science fiction author (born 1910). [31] January 14

1158

* David Letterman announces his show is moving from NBC to CBS. [1] * Elisabeth A de Vreugd, chambermaid for Dutch Queen, dies at age 98. [1] * Manfred Lachs, Polish lawyer (International Court of Justice), dies. [1] * The Polish ferry Jan Heweliusz sinks off the coast of Rügen in the Baltic Sea, killing 54 people. [1] [31] January 15 * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures / Paramount Pictures live-action feature film Alive in the US. [6] * In Hokkaido, Japan, a magnitude 7.6 earthquake occurs. Two people killed, 614 injured and substantial damage. [1] [53] * Huub H Jacobse, Dutch Member of Parliament (VVD), dies at age 68. [1] * Ken Cory dies of AIDS at age 51. [1] * Sammy Cahn [Cohen], US songwriter (Bei Mir Bist Du Schön), dies at age 79. [1] * Soap opera Santa Barbara final show on NBC TV. [1] * Salvatore "Totò" Riina, the Mafia boss known as 'The Beast', is arrested in Palermo, Sicily after 23 years as a fugitive. [1] [31] January 16 * Florence Desmond [Dawson], actress (Sally in Our Alley), dies at age 87. [1] * Glenn Corbett, US actor (Shenandoah, Chisum, Midway), dies at age 63. [1] * Sathasivam Krishnakumar, Sri Lanka commander, commits suicide. [1] * Death of Jón Páll Sigmarsson, Icelandian strongman. [31] January 17 * 14th ACE Cable Awards: HBO wins 32 awards. [1] January 18 * M Eleonore Lippits, first Dutch female missionary doctor, dies at age 85. [1] * For the first time in the USA, Martin Luther King Day is officially observed in all fifty states. [1] [31] * Mia Meijer, Dutch playwright/director (Machine Child), dies. [1] * Mike Templeton, second person to receive a heart pump, dies at age 34. [1] January 19 * Israel recognizes Palestinian Liberation Organization as no longer criminal. [1] * Kees Scherer, Dutch photographer (World Press Photo), dies at age 72. [1] * Reginald Lewis, CEO (Beatrice), dies of brain cancer at age 50. [1] * Robert M Gates ends term as 15th director of US Central Intelligence Agency. [1] * STS-54 (Endeavour) lands. [1]

1159

* IBM announces a $4.97 billion loss for 1992, the largest single-year corporate loss in United States history. [31] * Iraq refuses to allow UNSCOM inspectors to use its own aircraft to fly into Iraq, and begins military operations in the demilitarized zone between Iraq and Kuwait, and the northern Iraqi no-fly zones. U.S. forces fire approximately 40 Tomahawk cruise missiles at Baghdad factories linked to Iraq's illegal nuclear weapons program. Iraq then informs UNSCOM that it will be able to resume its flights. [31] * William LeMassena, actor (All that Jazz), dies of lung cancer at age 76. [1] January 20 * Admiral Studeman, serves as acting director of US Central Intelligence Agency. [1] * Audrey Hepburn, actress (Breakfast at Tiffany's, Roman Holiday), dies of colon cancer in Tolochenaz, Switzerland at age 63 (born 1929). [1] [31] * Bill Clinton inaugurated as 42nd President of the USA. [1] [31] * Joseph Anthony [Deuster], US director/actor (Rainmaker), dies at age 80. [1] * Market value of Microsoft reaches US$26.78 billion, above IBM at US$26.76 billion for the first time. Microsoft becomes the highest valued computer industry company, 14th among all public companies. [4] * Mercer McCleod, entertainer, dies of heart failure at age 86. [1] January 21 * Nigerian singer Fela Kuti arrested on suspicion of murder. [1] January 22 * Disney releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Aspen Extreme to theaters in the US. [6] * Alexander Bodon Hung, Dutch architect (RAI, Dollywood), dies at age 86. [1] * Kobo Abe, Japanese writer (Wife in the Sand), dies at age 68. [1] * Maria Vlamynck, Flemish author, dies at age 75. [1] January 23 * 50th Golden Globes: Scent of a Woman, wins. [1] * Dudley Stevens, entertainer, dies of AIDS at age 57. [1] * Indian Airlines B737 crashes art Aurangabad, 61 die. [1] * Thomas A Dorsey, jazz pianist (Take My Hand, Precious Lord), dies. [1] January 24 * 14th annual star-athon raises $24,000,000. [1] * Polish ferry boat John Heweliusz sinks, 52 killed. [1] * Soyuz TM-16 launches. [1] * Thurgood Marshall, supreme court justice (1967-91), dies 84. [1]

1160

* Ugur Mumcu, Turkish journalist (Cumhuriyet Murder), dies. [1] January 25 * 20th American Music Awards: Michael Jackson, Mariah Carey win. [1] * Puerto Rico adds English as its second official language. [1] * Sears announces it is closing its catalog sales department after 97 years. [1] * Mir Aimal Kasi fires a rifle and kills two employees outside US Central Intelligence Agency headquarters in Langley, Virginia. [31] January 26 * Axel Von Dem Bussche, German aristocrat, dies. [1] * Jan Gies, Dutch resistance fighter (helped Anne Frank), dies at age 87. [1] * Robert Jacobsen, Danish sculptor (large iron sculptures), dies at age 80. [1] * In Yunnan, China, a magnitude 5.6 earthquake occurs. At least 66 people injured, 6,972 houses destroyed and 21,444 seriously damaged in southwestern Yunnan Province. [53] * Václav Havel is elected President of the Czech Republic. [31] January 27 * Andre "the Giant" Roussimoff, French professional wrestler, dies of heart attack at age 49 (born 1946). [1] [31] * DC-3 crashes in Kinshasa, killing 12. [1] * Erik Mörk, Danish actor (Europe), dies at age 67. [1] January 28 * Aben Kandel, screenwriter (Dinner at 8), dies of heart failure at age 96. [1] * John Steadman, actor (Gator, Fade to Black), dies of lung ailment 83. [1] * The demilitarized zone between Norway and Sweden is agreed by the two countries to no longer be needed. It was initiated by the 1905 convention, at 15-km wide on both sides of the border. [7] January 29 * Hank Werba [Herman Werblowski], US journalist (Variety), dies at age 79. [1] * Michel Renault, French ballet dancer (Giselle), dies. [1] January 30 * 100,000 Europeans demonstrate against fascism and racism. [1] * Taikichiro Mori, Japanese real estate developer, dies at age 88. [1] February 1

1161

* New York Judge Sol Wachtler indicted for harassing Joy Silverman. [1] * Soyuz TM-16 lands. [1] February 2 * François Reichenbach, French director (L'Amérique Insolite), dies at age 70. [1] * Frito Lay pays court ordered $2,500,000 to Tom Waits for using his song, "Step Right Up". [1] February 3 * Federal trial of four police officers charged with civil rights violations in videotaped beating of Rodney King begins in Los Angeles, California. [1] * Karel Goeyvaerts, Flemish composer (8 Horse Bet), dies at age 69. [1] February 4 * Admiral Studeman, ends term as acting director of US Central Intelligence Agency. [1] * Russian space agency tests a 82-foot wide space mirror. [1] February 5 * Grenade explodes in Sarajevo, killing 63 and injuring 160. [1] * Joseph L Mankiewicz, US writer/director/producer (All about Eve), dies at age 83 (born 1909). [1] [31] * R James Woolsey becomes 16th director of US Central Intelligence Agency. [1] * Tip Tipping [Tim], American actor and stuntman, dies in sky-diving accident at age 34 (born 1958). [1] [31] * U.S. President Bill Clinton signs the Family and Medical Leave Act. [31] February 6 * Frances Hunt, actress (You're a Sweetheart), dies of stroke at age 77. [1] February 7 * W Sybout A Colenbrander, Dutch historian/journalist, dies at age 82. [1] February 8 * Casper van den Berg, Dutch poet (Fashionable inconvenience), dies. [1] * Douglas Heyes, director/writer (Kitten with a Whip), dies at age 73. [1] * Eliot Janeway, financial columnist (Eliot Doomsday), dies at age 80. [1] * Franz Schnyder, Swiss director (10th of May), dies at age 82. [1]

1162

* General Motors sues NBC, after Dateline NBC allegedly rigged two crashes showing that some GM pickups can easily catch fire if hit in certain places. NBC settles the lawsuit the following day. [1] [31] * Paul Brickhill, Dutch/US WWII pilot/physician, dies. [1] * Suchoi-24 crashes into Tupolev passenger flight, 134 die. [1] February 9 * Army of opium king Khun Sa kills 60 in northeast Burma. [1] * David Willis, British journalist (BBC World Service), dies at age 54. [1] * Kate Wilkinson, actress (Clara - Another World), dies of cancer at age 76. [1] * Nasrullah Mansoor, Afghan guerilla leader/governor of Paktia, dies. [1] February 10 * Michael Jackson Talks To Oprah Winfrey airs on ABC and draws an astounding 39.3 rating/56 share, 90 million people. [1] * John Grossman, Czechoslovakian director (Process, Revisor), dies. [1] * Maurice Bourges-Maunoury, Prime Minister of France (1957), dies. [1] * US officially backs peace plan in Bosnia. [1] February 11 * George A Stephen, inventor (Weber Kettle Grill), dies at age 71. [1] * Janet Reno is selected by President Clinton as U.S. Attorney General. [1] [31] * Joy Garrett, actress (Days of Our Lives), dies of liver failure at age 47. [1] * Oksana Kostina, Russian gymnast, dies in an auto accident. [1] * Death of Robert W. Holley, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1922). [31] February 12 * James Bulger, age 2, disappears from the Strand Shopping Centre in Liverpool - his body is found on a disused railway in Liverpool two days later. [1] [31] * Buena Vista generally releases the film Homeward Bound: The Incredible Journey to theaters in the USA. [6] * Disney releases the film The Cemetery Club to theaters in the US in the USA. [6] February 13 * Agatha Hagtingius-Seger, Dutch author (Sparkles Chain), dies at age 91. [1] February 14 * Buddy Pepper, composer, dies of heart failure at age 70. [1] * Fire in Linxi department store in Tangshan China, kills 79. [1]

1163

February 15 * Bombings by Mafia drug lords kill 14 in Bogotá, Colombia. [1] * George Wallington [Giacinto Figlia], Italian bebop-pianist, dies. [1] February 16 * Donald Phelps dies of AIDS at age 61. [1] * Richard Salant, news president (CBS - 60 Minutes), dies at age 78. [1] * Sharon Disney, adopted daughter of Walt and Lillian Disney, dies of complications from cancer. [6] February 17 * Alfredo de Leon, leader (Philippines Red Scorpio Gang), killed. [1] * George E Wilburn, film editor, dies of emphysema at age 77. [1] * Haitian ferry boat capsize in storm, killing approximately 1,215 out of 1,500 passengers. [1] [31] February 18 * Edward S "Ted" Haworth, US set designer (Sayonara, Marty), dies at age 76. [1] * Jacqueline Hill, British actress, dies of cancer at age 63 (born 1929). [1] [31] * Leslie Norman, English director/producer (Dunkirk), dies at age 82. [1] February 19 * Gerhard Gesell, judge (Pentagon Papers), dies of liver cancer at age 82. [1] * Kenya Moore, 22, (Miss Michigan), crowned 42nd Miss USA. [1] * Michael David Morrison, actor (Caleb - As the World Turns), dies at age 33. [1] February 20 * Ferruccio Lamborghini, Italian auto-designer and manufacturer, dies at age 76 (born 1916). [1] [31] February 22 * Two eleven-year-old boys are charged with the February 12 murder of Jamie Bulger in Liverpool. [31] * Jean Lecanuet, French UDF-presidential candidate, dies at age 72. [1] * Pieter A H Bos, Dutch lawyer/procureur-General (Aruba), dies at age 63. [1] February 23

1164

* Edwin Louis Battle, actor (Almost Blue, Chase), dies of stroke at age 33. [1] * Actor Gary Coleman wins $1,280,000 lawsuit against parents for high fees. [1] [31] February 24 * 35th Grammy Awards: "Tears in Heaven" - Eric Clapton wins. [1] * Yukihiro Matsumoto creates the Ruby programming language. [31] February 25 * Eddie Constantine, actor (Alphaville, License to Kill), dies at age 75. [1] * Jan D Boeke, Dutch organist/conductor, dies. [1] * Jean G H "Sjeng" Tans, Dutch Prime Minister (Social Democrat, 1965-69), dies. [1] * John D Boeke, organist/conductor, dies. [1] * Troy Caldwell, country musician (Marshall Tucker Band), dies at age 45. [1] February 26 * In New York City, a van bomb parked below the North Tower of the World Trade Center goes off, killing six and injuring over 1,000. [1] [31] * Constance Ford, US actress (Another World, Burden Hunt), dies at age 64. [1] * Fletcher Knebel, author (7 Days in May), commits suicide at age 81. [1] * Mark Kolthoff, Dutch painter/photographer, dies at age 92. [1] February 27 * José Duval, actor (Juan Valdez), dies at age 72. [1] * Lillian Gish, American actress (Birth of a Nation), dies at age 96 (born 1893). [1] [31] * Ruby Keeler, actress (42nd Street), dies of cancer at age 83. [1] February 28 * 7th American Comedy Awards: Seinfeld wins. [1] * Fer A Olthoff, Dutch WWII resistance fighter (Het Parool), dies. [1] * Franco Brusati, Italian director/writer (Bread and Chocolate), dies at age 70. [1] * Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms agents raid the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas, with a warrant to arrest leader David Koresh on federal firearms violations. Four agents and five Davidians die in the raid and a 51-day standoff begins. [1] [31] * Ishiro Honda, Japanese director/producer (Godzilla), dies at age 81. [1] * Joyce Carey [Lawrence], English actress (Number 27), dies at age 94. [1] * Ruby Keeler, Canadian actress (42nd Street, Dames), dies of cancer at age 82 (born 1910). [1] [31] March 1

1165

* Authorities in Waco, Texas negotiate with Branch Davidians. [1] * Luis Kutner, US co-founder (Amnesty International), dies at age 84. [1] * Terry Frost, actor (Waterfront, Dead Man's Trail), dies at age 86. [1] March 2 * Floortje Peneder, Dutch poet (Diary), dies at age 15. [1] * Paul D Zimmerman, US screenwriter (King of Comedy), dies at age 54. [1] March 3 * Albert Sabin, physician (oral polio vaccine), dies at age 86. [1] * Carlos Montoya, flamenco guitarist, dies at age 89. [1] * Cyril Collard, French composer/director/actor (A Nos Amours), dies at age 35. [1] March 4 * Art Hodes, Russian/US jazz/blues pianist/editor (Jazz Record), dies. [1] * Authorities announce the capture of suspected World Trade Center bombing conspirator Mohammad Salameh. [31] * Richard Sale, writer/director (Oscar, Torpedo Run), dies at age 80. [1] March 5 * Diana Ochoa dies after long illness at age 80. [1] * A Macedonian Palair F-100 on a flight to Zurich crashes shortly after take-off from Skopje killing 83 of the 97 people on board. [1] [31] * Disney releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Swing Kids to theaters in the US. [6] * Peter Bierdrager, Dutch Fokker's-test pilot, dies in air crash. [1] March 6 * Cyril Collard, French director (Lesson nuits fauves), dies at age 35. [1] * Douglas Marland, soap writer (As the World Turns), dies at age 58. [1] * Nicholas Ridley, English Minister of Finance, dies at age 64. [1] March 7 * Arnold Franchetti, Italian/US composer, dies. [1] * Diff'rent Stroke actor Todd Bridges arrested for stabbing a tenant. [1] * Earl Wrightson, singer/actor (Pinafore), dies of heart failure at age 77. [1] March 8

1166

* Billy Eckstine, jazz singer (Fools Rush In), dies at age 78 of stroke (born 1914). [1] [31] * Johan Bodegraven, radio host (Purses Open, Dikes Closed), dies at age 78. [1] * Joop Scheltens, TV host/director (Explore Your Place), dies at age 69. [1] * Katharine Hepburn released from the hospital after exhaustion. [1] * Wells Root, US screenwriter (Prisoner of Zenda), dies at age 92. [1] March 9 * 19th People's Choice Awards. [1] * 7th Soul Train Music Awards. [1] * Ad van Gessel, Dutch actor (Everything For Our Soldiers), dies. [1] * Bob Crosby, swing-era bandleader (Bobcats), dies of cancer at age 79. [1] * Rodney King testifies at the federal trial of four Los Angeles, California police officers accused of violating King's civil rights when they beat him during an arrest. [1] [31] March 10 * C Northcote Parkinson, English historian/sociologist (Law of P), dies. [1] * David Gunn, abortion doctor, killed by Michael Griffin at age 47. [1] March 11 * Edgar Nelson Barclift, dancer, dies after lengthy illness at age 76. [1] * Manuel da Fonseca, Portuguese writer (Cerro Maior), dies at age 81. [1] * Janet Reno is confirmed by the United States Senate and sworn-in the next day, becoming the first female Attorney General of the United States. [31] March 12 * Several bombs explode in Bombay, India, killing about 300 and injuring hundreds more. [1] [31] * Andreas J A I Bruggeman, Dutch mayor (Leiderdorp), dies at age 62. [1] * Inkhata leader Mangosuthu Buthelezi begins 2.5 week speech. [1] * June Valli, singer (Crying in the Chapel), dies of cancer at age 62. [1] * Michael Kanin, screenwriter (Woman of the Year), dies at age 83. [1] * Disney releases the Walt Disney Pictures / Amblin Entertainment live-action feature film A Far Off Place to theaters in the US. [6] * North Korea says that it plans to withdraw from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and refuses to allow inspectors access to nuclear sites. [31] * Wang Zhen, marxist/vice-premier of China (1988), dies. [1] March 13

1167

* The Great Blizzard of 1993 strikes the eastern U.S., bringing record snowfall and other severe weather all the way from Cuba to Québec; it is reported to have killed 184. [1] [31] * Ralph Smith Fults, US gangster (Bonnie and Clyde gang), dies at age 82. [1] March 15 * Anthony Bowles, music writer (Jesus Christ Superstar), dies at age 61. [1] * Dennis Gregory, actor (Village of the Damn), dies of pneumonia at age 40. [1] * Ricardo M Arias Espinosa, President of Panamá (1955-56), dies. [1] * Near the coast of northern Chile, a magnitude 6.7 earthquake occurs. [53] March 16 * Chishu Ryu, Japanese actor (Autumn Afternoon), dies of cancer at age 86. [1] * Djilalli Lyabès, Algerian minister of Higher Education, murdered. [1] * Don Randolph, actor (Harem Girl), dies of pneumonia at age 87. [1] * Giovanni Testori, Italian writer (Arialda), dies at age 69. [1] * Mohammed Hussein Nagdi, Iran diplomat/resistance fighter, murdered. [1] March 17 * 86 killed by bomb attack in Calcutta. [1] * Helen Hayes, actress (Airport), dies of congestive heart failure at age 92 (born 1900). [1] [31] * Laadi Flici, Algerian Member of Parliament, murdered. [1] * Skip Young, actor (Smokey and Hotwire Gang), dies at age 62. [1] March 18 * Amsterdam stock exchange hits record 12.2 billion gulden. [1] March 19 * Barend P Tammeling, journalist (Trouw, Peek on the North), dies at age 58. [1] * Jeff Ward, drummer (9 Inch Nails), commits suicide at age 30. [1] March 20 * Claudia Yeltsin, mother of Russian President Yeltsin, dies at age 85. [1] * An Irish Republican Army bomb explodes in Warrington Town Centre, England, killing two children, Jonathan Ball (age 3) and Tim Parry. [1] [31] * Death of Polykarp Kusch, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1911). [31] March 21

1168

* Pope John Paul II declares Duns Scotus a saint. [1] * South Africa White Wolves kill five-year-old black girl. [1] March 22 * Gret Palucca, German dancer/choreographer (Entartet), dies at age 91. [1] * Phia [Sophia R] Berghout, Dutch harpist, dies at age 83. [1] March 23 * Belgian government of Dehaene resigns. [1] * Hans Werner Richter, German writer/founder (Gruppe 47), dies at age 84. [1] March 24 * Erik Andriesse, Dutch painter (skulls, skeletons), dies at age 35. [1] * Ezer Weizman elected President of Israel. [1] * John Hersey, Pulitzer prize author (Hiroshima), dies at age 78 (born 1914). [1] [31] * Peter Roovers, Dutch sculptor/teacher (war monuments), dies at age 90. [1] * Taylor Reed, actor (Easy Money), dies of heart attack at age 60. [1] March 26 * Luis Falco, US choreographer (Fame, Angel Heart), dies at age 50. [1] * Disney releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Born Yesterday to theaters in the US. [6] March 27 * Carlos Gimenez, director (Theater Festival of Caracas), dies at age 47. [1] * Clifford Jordan, tenor saxophonist, dies of cancer at age 61. [1] * Kate Reid, British actress (Lil-Dallas), dies of cancer at age 62. [1] * Katherine Hynes De Groot dies of stroke at age 88. [1] * Wilhelmus M J Russell, Dutch Member of Parliament (KVP, CDA), dies at age 74. [1] * Jiang Zemin becomes President of the People's Republic of China. [31] March 28 * 13th Golden Raspberry Awards: Shining Through wins. [1] * Conservative Gaullists win legislative election in France, and Édouard Balladur becomes prime minister. [1] [31] * Type II supernova detected in M81 (NGC 3031). [1] March 29

1169

* 65th Academy Awards: Unforgiven, Al Pacino and Emma Thompson win. [1] * Premier Catherine Callbeck of Prince Edward Island becomes the first elected female Premier in Canada. [31] March 30 * French government of Balladur forms. [1] * Jamaican premier Percival Patterson wins parliamentary election. [1] * Jeremy Siegrist, actor (Adventures of Darly and Samy), dies hiking at age 20. [1] * Richard C Diebenkorn Jr, US painter (Ocean Park Paintings), dies at age 70. [1] * Peanuts comic strip character Charlie Brown hits a baseball game-winning home run, his first in 43 years. [56] * Israel begins a policy of sealing off the border between Israel and the occupied territories. [46.519] March 31 * Brandon Lee, US actor (Crow)/son of Bruce Lee, accidentally shot at age 28. [1] [31] * Jose Maria Lemus, President of El Salvador (1956-60), dies. [1] April 1 * Alan Bennett's Madness of George III, premieres in London. [1] * Ihsan Mohamed Salem [Yunis Awad], Palestinian Al-Fatah leader, killed. [1] * Juan of Borbon y Battemberg, father of king Juan Carlos I, dies. [1] * Lou Gerstner replaces John Akers as chairman and CEO of IBM. [4] April 2 * First test flight of Fokker 70 (Amsterdam). [1] * Eugenie Leontovitch, actress (Four Sons, Homicidal), dies at age 93. [1] * Venezuelan DC-10 crashes at Margarita, killing 10. [1] * Disney releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film The Adventures of Huck Finn to theaters in the US. [6] April 3 * Alexander Mnouchkine, French movie producer (Professional), dies at age 83. [1] * Dieter Plage, German wildlife filmmaker, dies at age 57. [1] * Eduardo Cabellero Calderon, Colombian writer/diplomat, dies at age 83. [1] * Death of Pinky Lee, American children's television host, by heart attack at age 85 (born 1907). [1] [31] * In Canada, two people share a CDN$15 million Lotto 6/49 jackpot. [40.82] April 4

1170

* Alfred Mosher Butts, US architect/game maker (Scrabble), dies at age 93. [1] * Bep [Alberta B] Ogterop [Rita la Roche], singer, dies. [1] * Wrestlemania IX at Caesar's Palace Las Vegas, Hulk Hogan pins Yokozuna. [1] April 5 * Construction begins on Cleveland's Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. [1] * Republican Guard kills 64 in Chad. [1] April 6 * First test flight of Ilyushin IL-96M (Moscow). [1] * Divya Bharati "Baby Doll", Indies actress (Diwana), dies in car accident at 19 (born 1974). [1] [31] * Hedi Amira Nouira, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1970-80), dies. [1] * The HMS Richmond is launched by the British Royal Navy. [31] * A nuclear accident occurs at Tomsk 7 in Russia. [31] April 7 * Max Croiset, Dutch actor/dramatist/director (Zeekant), dies at age 80. [1] * Richard Schmiechen, dies of AIDS at age 45. [1] April 8 * Arleen Whelan dies of stroke at age 78. [1] * H Earnest, bishop of Breda, dies. [1] * Marian Anderson, American contralto (My Lord, What a Morning), dies at age 96 (born 1897). [1] [31] * STS-56 (Discovery) launches into orbit. [1] April 9 * Wouter Perquin, journalist/Dutch Member of Parliament (KVP), dies at age 74. [1] April 10 * Chris Hani, Secretary-General South Africian Communist Party, assassinated at age 50. [1] [31] April 11 * Kirsan Ilumzjinov installed as President of Kalmukkie. [1] * Mohammed el-Himi, Brigadier-General of Egyptian police, murdered. [1] * Rachmon Nabiyev, President of Tadzjikistan (1973-92), dies at age 63. [1]

1171

April 12 * Isaac Rojas, Vice President of Argentina (1955-58), dies. [1] * Patience Jarvis dies of melanoma at age 56. [1] April 13 * Barry Karas dies of leukemia at age 49. [1] * Henny Budie, Dutch director/producer (Sterrenslag), dies. [1] * Max Tripels, Dutch attorney/Member of Parliament, dies at age 72. [1] * Tom Stoppard's Arcadia, premieres in London. [1] * Death of Wallace Stegner, American writer (car accident) (born 1909). [31] April 14 * Branch Davidian cult leader David Koresh promises to surrender after completion of his Seven Seals manuscript. [1] * Jo Boer, Dutch painter/writer/author (Heir), dies at age 85. [1] * Sam Ntombani, African National Congress-Secretary in Soweto South Africa, shot to death. [1] April 15 * George Ives dies at age 111. [1] * Leslie Charteris, British mystery writer (Saint), dies at age 85. [1] * William Bakewell dies of leukemia at age 84. [1] * Death of Robert Westall, British author (born 1929). [31] April 16 * John P W Meefout, sculptor (Laying wife), dies at age 77. [1] * Jury reaches guilty verdict in Federal case against cop who beat Rodney King. [1] April 17 * STS-56 (Discovery) lands. [1] * Turgut Özal, President of Turkey (1989-93), dies at age 65 (born 1927). [1] [31] April 18 * Arthur P Smith, US founder of Miami Planetarium, dies at age 76. [1] * In Peru, a magnitude 6.3 earthquake occurs. Six people killed, thirty houses were destroyed at Lima. [53] April 19

1172

* A 51-day stand-off at the Branch Davidian compound near Waco, Texas, ends with a fire that kills 76 people (some suicides), including leader David Koresh. [1] [31] * Fire in psychiatric institute in South Korea, kills 40. [1] * George Mickelson, Governor of South Dakota, and 7 others, die in a plane crash. [1] April 20 * Cantinflas [Mario Moreno], Mexican actor (Pepe), dies at age 81. [1] * Uranus passes Neptune (this occurs once every 171 years). [1] April 21 * Brazil votes against a monarchy. [1] April 22 * Andries Treurnicht, founder South Africa Conservative Party, dies at age 72. [1] * Candid Camera creator Allen Funt suffers a stroke at age 78. [1] * Cesar Chavez, US farm worker (United Farm Workers), dies at age 66. [1] * Holocaust Memorial Museum dedicated in Washington, DC. [1] [31] * The web browser Mosaic version 1.0 is released. [5] [31] April 23 * Bertus Aafjes, poet/writer (World is a Muze), dies at age 78. [1] * Eritrea votes to secede from Ethiopia. [1] * Lalith Athulathmudali, Sri Lankan minister, murdered at age 59. [1] * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Indian Summer to theaters in the US. [6] * The WHO declares tuberculosis a Global Emergency. [31] * Peter Townshend's musical "Tommy" premieres in New York City. [1] * Death of César Estrada Chávez, civil rights activist (born 1927). [31] April 24 * 1000 kg heavy Irish Republican Army car bomb explodes in London, killing 1. [1] * Oliver R Tambo, chairman (African National Congress), dies at age 75. [1] April 25 * Rosita Moreno, actress (Walls of Gold), dies of heart attack at age 85. [1] * Russia elects Boris Yeltsin leader. [1] April 26

1173

* Boeing 737 crashes at Aurangabad, kills 56. [1] * NBC announces Conan O'Brien to replace David Letterman. [1] * STS-55 (Columbia) launches into orbit. [1] April 27 * Afghan Antonov AN-32 plane crashes at Tashqurgan, kills 76. [1] * Hans Sahl, German/US writer (Tie Exil im Exil), dies at age 90. [1] April 28 * Carlo Ciampi forms Italian government with ex-communists. [1] April 29 * Cy Howard, director (Lovers and Other Strangers), dies at age 77. [1] * Michael Gordon, actor/director (Pillow Talk), dies at age 83. [1] * In western Arizona, USA, a magnitude 5.3 earthquake occurs. [53] * Mick Ronson, English guitarist/producer (Mott the Hoople), dies at age 46. [1] April 30 * The Walt Disney Company announces an agreement to acquire Miramax Film Corporation. Disney will acquire Miramax's library of over 200 films. [6] * Virgin Radio (then Virgin 1215) launches in the United Kingdom at 12:15 pm. [31] * The World Wide Web is born at CERN. [31] * Disney generally releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Bound by Honor to theaters in the US. [6] May 1 * A Tamil Tigers suicide bomber assassinates President Ranasinghe Premadasa of Sri Lanka. 25 others die as well. [1] [31] * Hans [Henri EA] Tuynman, provo (Full-time Provo), dies at age 50. [1] * Pierre Bérégovoy, former Prime Minister of France (1992-93), commits suicide at age 67. [1] [31] May 2 * Julio Gallo, wine maker (Gallo), dies in a car accident at age 82. [1] * Will Weng, Sunday Times crossword puzzle editor (1968-78), dies at age 86. [1] May 5 * Balak Brahmachari [Marxist Godman], Indies guru, dies at age 73. [1] * Irving Howe, US writer/critic (Dissent), dies at age 72. [1]

1174

* Lenore Kingston Jenson dies of cancer at age 79. [1] May 6 * Ann Todd, actress (Things to Come, Danny Boy), dies of stroke at age 84. [1] * Minnie Gentry, actress (Def by Temptation), dies in New York at age 77. [1] * STS-55 (Columbia) lands. [1] May 7 * Mary Philbin, actress (Phantom of the Opera), dies at age 89. [1] * South Africa agrees to multi-racial elections. [1] May 8 * Kees Deenik, singer/conductor, dies. [1] * Death of Avram Davidson, American writer (born 1923). [31] May 9 * Freya Stark, English author (Sunday Bloody Sunday), dies at age 61. [1] * Landslide in Nambija, Ecuador, kills 300. [1] * Mary Duncan Sanford dies at age 98. [1] * Paraguay holds its first presidential and parliamentary elections in 50 years. [1] * Penelope Gilliatt [Conner], British author, dies. [1] May 10 * World's worst factory fire at the Kader Toy Factory in Bangkok, Thailand, kills 188. [1] [31] * Last TV appearance of Mies Bouwman. [1] * Paul Cézannes still life painting sells for US$28,600,000 in New York City. [1] * Premier Lubbers opens Terminal West on Schiphol. [1] May 11 * 28th Academy of Country Music Awards: Garth Brooks wins. [1] * Paramaribo Suriname TV studio destroyed by fire. [1] May 12 * Final episode of six year run of ABC's Wonder Years in Netherlands. [1] * Last broadcast of Cheers on NBC-TV. [1] * CBS' TV show Knots Landing ends 14 year run with 334th show. [1] May 13

1175

* 6th annual business person run held in Wall Street. [1] * Borolas [Joaquin Garcia], Mexican comedian (Santa Sangre), dies of heart attack at age 71. [1] * Methane gas explosion in Secunda coal mine South Africa, kills 50. [1] * The last episode of TV show Knots Landing airs in the USA. [129] May 14 * Patrick Haemers, Belgian criminal, commits suicide at age 40. [1] [31] * William Randolph Hearst, US newspaper magnate (Pulitzer), dies at age 85. [1] May 15 * Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas opens. [1] May 16 * Farmer Sugeng finds 1.2 million-year-old Pithecanthropus IX skull. [1] * Marv Johnson, US soul singer (You Got What it Takes), dies at age 54. [1] * Süleyman Demirel elected President of Turkey. [1] May 17 * Harry Elstrøm, Danish/Belgian sculptor, dies at age 86. [1] May 18 * Danish people vote in favor of ratifying the Maastricht Treaty. [1] * Heinrich Albertz, theologist/mayor of Berlin (1966-67), dies at age 78. [1] * Italian police arrest Mafia boss Benedetto "Nitto" Santapaola. [1] * Pamela M Cunnington, English architect/writer, dies at age 67. [1] May 19 * Boeing 727 crashes into mountain at Medellín, Colombia, kills 132. [1] * Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above 3,500 for first time (3,500.03). [1] * Nemesio Antunes, Chilean painter, dies at age 75. [1] * Richard Murphy, director (Three Stripes in the Sun), dies of stroke at age 81. [1] May 20 * Ten-metre meteor comes within 150,000 km of Earth (1993KA). [1] * Intel announces availability of the Pentium processor. Prices are US$878 for 60 MHz, and US$965 for 66 MHz. [4] * 274th and final Cheers on NBC. [1]

1176

* Max Klein, inventor (paint by numbers), dies at age 77. [1] * Ukraine Premier Leonid Koetsjma resigns. [1] May 21 * Dayanara Torres, 18, of Puerto Rico, crowned 42nd Miss Universe. [1] * John Frost, English Lieutenant-Colonel (operation Market Garden 1944), dies at age 80. [1] * John Holland, actor (They Saved Hitler's Brain), dies at age 65. [1] * Opposition leader Xanana Gusmao of East-Timor sentenced to life. [1] * Venezuela president Carlos Andrés Pérez fired. [1] May 22 * Mieczyslaw Horszowski, Polish/US pianist (Carnegie Hall), dies at age 100. [1] May 23 * James Millhollin, actor (Anston Foster-Grindl), dies at age 77. [1] May 24 * At the COMDEX show, Microsoft formally launches the Windows NT operating system. Initial version is 3.1. Price is US$495, or US$295 as an upgrade from a previous Windows operating system. The software comprises over 4 million lines of code. [4] * Eritrea achieves independence from Ethiopia after 30-year civil war. [1] [31] * Jesus Posadas Ocampo, Mexican cardinal/archbishop, shot dead at age 66. [1] * Kurd rebellion kills 33 soldiers and five citizens in Turkey. [1] * Milton O Thompson, astronaut (Dynasoar, X-15), dies at age 66. [1] May 25 * Dan Seymour, actor (Bombs over Burma, Intrigue, Watusi), dies at age 78. [1] * Louise Tazewell, entertainer, dies at age 93. [1] May 26 * Carleton Morse, radio dramatist (One Man's Family), dies at age 91. [1] * Cor de Great, pianist/conductor/composer (Vernissage), dies at age 78. [1] * Marvin Young, producer/child actor (Player), dies at age 90. [1] May 27 * Jan Wiley, actress (Underdog, Brute Man, She Wolf of London), dies. [1] * A car bomb at the Uffizi Gallery in Florence kills five; the Mafia is suspected. [1] [31]

1177

* Death of Werner Stocker, German actor (born 1955). [31] * Willem P G Assmann, Dutch Member of Parliament, dies at age 85. [1] May 28 * Disney releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Super Mario Bros. to theaters in the US. [9] * 200,000 demonstrate against mafia terror. [1] * Polish Government of Suchocka falls. [1] May 29 * Neo-Nazis kill five Turkish women in Solingen, Germany. [1] * Tiny Hofman, Amsterdam activist (Nieuwmarkt), dies at age 68. [1] May 30 * Herman S Blount Sun Ra, US jazz pianist (Solar Arkestra), dies at age 79. [1] * Sun Ra, American blues pianist/orchestra leader, dies of strokes at age 79 (born 1914). [1] [31] May 31 * John Granger, actor (Advise and Consent), dies at age 69. [1] * President Dobrica Cosic of Yugoslavia flees. [1] June 4 * Disney releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Guilty as Sin to theaters in the US. [6] * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Life with Mikey to theaters in the US. [6] June 5 * 24 Pakistani troops in the United Nations forces are killed in Mogadishu, Somalia. [31] * In Minnesota, a magnitude 4.1 earthquake occurs. [53] * Death of Conway Twitty, country music singer (born 1933). [31] June 6 * Mongolia holds its first direct presidential elections. [31] June 8

1178

* In Paris, Christian Didier breaks into the home of Rene Bousquet, banker and former Vichy France administrator, and shoots him dead. [31] June 9 * Death of Alexis Smith, Canadian actress (born 1921). [31] June 10 * Death of Les Dawson, British comedian (born 1931). [31] June 11 * Jurassic Park movie debuts in theaters. [31] * Disney generally releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film What's Love Got to Do with It to theaters in the US. [6] June 13 * Death of Deke Slayton, astronaut (born 1924). [31] June 14 * Mulitpartyists win a referendum on the future of the one-party system in Malawi. [31] * Tansu Çiller becomes prime minister of Turkey. [31] June 15 * Death of John Connally, Governor of Texas (born 1917). [31] June 18 * Iraq refuses to allow UNSCOM weapons inspectors to install remote-controlled monitoring cameras at two missile engine test stands. [31] * Columbia Pictures releases the film Last Action Hero to theaters in the USA. [8] * John Sculley steps down as CEO of Apple Computer, remaining as chairman. The board of directors names Michael Spindler as new CEO. (Steve Jobs brought Sculley into Apple in 1983, who effectively forced Jobs out of the company two years later.) [4] June 19 * Death of William Golding, English writer, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1911). [31] June 20

1179

* A 7.5 earthquake hits Japan, killing 385 people. [31] June 22 * A Unabomber bomb injures Charles Epstein in Tiburon, California. [31] * Japan's New Party Sakigake breaks away from the Liberal Democratic Party. [31] * Death of Patricia Nixon, First Lady of the United States (born 1912). [31] June 24 * A Unabomber bomb injures computer scientist David Gelernter at Yale University. [31] * Andrew Wiles wins worldwide fame after presenting his solution for Fermat's Last Theorem, a problem that has been unsolved for more than three centuries. [31] June 25 * Kim Campbell becomes the 19th and first female Prime Minister of Canada. [31] * Litas currency is introduced in Lithuania. [31] June 26 * Death of William H. Riker, American political scientist (born 1920). [31] June 27 * In Bad Kleinen, Germany, GSG 9 troopers arrest terrorists Birgit Hogefeld and Wolfgang Grams. [31] * U.S. President Bill Clinton orders a cruise missile attack on Iraqi intelligence headquarters in the Al-Mansur District of Baghdad, in response to the attempted assassination of former U.S. President George H. W. Bush during his visit to Kuwait in mid-April. [31] June 28 * Death of G.G. Allin, American singer and bandleader (born 1956). [31] * Death of Boris Christoff, Bulgarian bass (born 1914). [31] June 29 * Death of Héctor Lavoe, Puerto Rican singer (born 1946). [31] June 30 * Death of George "Spanky" McFarland, American actor (born 1928). [31]

1180

July 2 * Death of Fred Gwynne, American actor and comedian (born 1926), mostly known as Herman Munster from TV show The Munsters. [31] * Disney re-releases the film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs to theaters in the USA. The film had been painstakingly restored and flaws fixed by Eastman Kodak's Cinesite division over 18 weeks. [6] * Disney releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Son-in-Law to theaters in the US. [6] July 3 * Death of Curly Joe DeRita, American comedian (born 1909). [31] July 12 * A magnitude 7.8 earthquake off Hokkaido, Japan launches a devastating tsunami up to 30 metres in height, killing 202 on the small island of Okushiri, Hokkaido. [31] [53] July 16 * Disney releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film Hocus Pocus to theaters in the US. [6] July 19 * U.S. President Bill Clinton announces his 'Don't ask, don't tell' policy regarding gays in the American military. [31] July 20 * White House deputy counsel Vince Foster commits suicide in Virginia. [31] July 23 * Candelária massacre: Brazilian police officers kill eight street kids in Rio de Janeiro. [31] * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Another Stakeout to theaters in the US. [6] July 26 * Asiana Air Flight 733 crashes into Mt. Ungeo in Haenam, South Korea killing 68. [31] July 29

1181

* The Israeli Supreme Court acquits accused Nazi death camp guard John Demjanjuk of all charges and he is set free. [31] July 31 * Death of Baudouin I, King of Belgium (born 1930). [31] (month unknown) * In the USA, the Wisconsin Powerball lottery grand prize of US$111 million is won by a couple. [40.40] August 3 * Death of Theodore Parker, renowned ornithologist (born 1953). [31] August 4 * A federal judge sentences Los Angeles Police Department officers Stacey Koon and Laurence Powell to 30 months in prison for violating motorist Rodney King's civil rights. [31] August 6 * Louis Freeh is confirmed by the United States Senate as director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. [31] * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film My Boyfriend's Back to theaters in the US. [6] August 8 * South of the Mariana Islands, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake occurs. Forty-eight people injured on Guam. [53] August 9 * King Albert II of Belgium is sworn into office nine days after the death of his brother, King Baudouin I. [31] August 10 * Death of Øystein Aarseth, Norwegian musician (Mayhem) (born 1968). [31] * On South Island, New Zealand, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurs. The shock was also felt at Sydney, Australia. [53]

1182

August 13 * Over 130 die in the collapse of Royal Plaza Hotel at Nakhon Ratchasima in Thailand's worst hotel disaster. [31] August 19 * In Norway, Varg Vikernes is arrested and charged with the murder of Øystein Aarseth, of Mayhem. He will a receive a 21 year sentence for this and other crimes he committed which include the burning of the Fantoft stave church outside of Bergen, Norway, the Åsane Church in Bergen, the Storetveit Church in Bergen, the Skjold Church in Vindafjord and the Holmenkollen Chapel in Oslo. [31] August 20 * Death of Bernard Delfgaauw, Dutch philosopher (born 1912). [31] August 21 * NASA loses radio contact with the Mars Observer orbiter three days before the spacecraft is scheduled to enter orbit around Mars. [5] [31] August 27 * Disney releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Father Hood to theaters in the US. [6] August 30 * The Late Show with David Letterman premieres on CBS. [31] September 4 * Death of Hervé Villechaize, French-born actor (born 1943). [5] [31] September 8 * Disney releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film The Joy Luck Club to theaters in the US. [6] September 9 * Death of Helen O'Connell, American singer (born 1920). [31] September 10

1183

* Near the coast of Chiapas, Mexico, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake occurs. Felt in much of Central America. [53] * Disney releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Money for Nothing to theaters in the US. [6] September 11 * Death of Erich Leinsdorf, Austrian conductor, in Vienna, Austria (born 1912). [31] [37] September 13 * Norwegian parliamentary election: The Labour Party wins a plurality of the seats, and Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland retains office. [31] * Palistinian Liberation Organization leader Yasser Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin shake hands in Washington D.C., after signing the Oslo peace accord. [31] [46.517] [129] * Late Night with Conan O'Brien premieres on NBC. [31] * Acclaim Entertainment releases the Mortal Kombat video game for the Super NES, Genesis, Game Boy, and Game Gear game systems in the US. Price for the Super NES is US$74.99, for the Game Boy US$34.99. Acclaim spent US$10 million on pre-release marketing, declaring the day "Mortal Monday". [9] September 19 * In Poland, a coalition of left parties win 66 percent of parliament seats. [46.232] September 20 * Death of Erich Hartmann, world's highest scoring Fighter Ace (born 1922). [31] September 21 * In Oregon, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake occurs. [53] September 22 * Death of Maurice Abravanel, Greek-born conductor (born 1903). [31] September 24 * Death of Ian Stuart Donaldson, British musician (born 1957). [31] * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures / Samuel Goldwyn live-action feature film The Program to theaters in the US. [6] September 27

1184

* Death of Jimmy Doolittle, American general (born 1896). [31] September 30 * In Southern India, a magnitude 6.3 earthquake occurs. Nearly 10,000 people killed, about 30,000 injured and extreme devastation in the Latur-Osmanabad area. Nearly all buildings destroyed in the village of Khillari. Felt in large parts of central and southern India. This earthquake is the largest known earthquake to occur in the area. [31] [53] October 1 * Buena Vista releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film Cool Runnings to theaters in the US. [6] * Panasonic releases the FZ-1 REAL 3DO Interactive Multiplayer game system in the US. It features 32-bit processor, 3 MB RAM, 16-million colors, double speed CD-ROM drive, up to eight controllers, audio CD playback. Price is US$699.95, including the game Crash 'n Burn by Crystal Dynamics. The systems are manufactured by Matsushita in Japan. [9] October 3 * A large scale battle erupts between U.S. forces and local militia in Mogadishu, Somalia; 19 Americans and 500 Somalis are killed. [31] * Russian troops open fire on a crowd of supporters of parliament, killing about 100. [46.274] October 4 * Russian military and security forces clear the Russian Parliament (White House) building by force, squashing a mass uprising against President Boris Yeltsin. About 500 are killed, another 1000 wounded. [46.274] (October 5 [31]) October 6 * Premier Cruise Lines announces it is dropping the appearance of Disney characters from its cruise ships as of April 1, 1994. [59.D4] October 8 * David Miscavige announces the IRS has granted full tax exemption to the Church of Scientology International and affiliated churches and organizations ending the Church's 40-year battle with the IRS and resulting in religious recognition in the United States. [31] * Warner Bros. Pictures releases the film Demolition Man to theaters in the USA. [8]

1185

October 11 * Death of Jess Thomas, American tenor (born 1927). [31] October 13 * In eastern New Guinea, Papua New Guinea, a magnitude 6.9 earthquake occurs. Sixty people killed and several injured in the Upper Markham Valley. [53] * Andreas Papandreou begins his second term as Prime Minister of Greece. [31] October 17 * Death of Criss Oliva, American lead guitarist of Savatage (born 1964). [31] October 22 * Disney generally releases the film Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas to theaters in the USA. [6] October 23 * In Canada, one person wins a Canadian record (for a single winner) CDN$15 million Lotto 6/49 jackpot. [40.82] October 25 * Canadian federal election: Jean Chrétien and his Liberal Party defeat the governing Progressive Conservative Party. [31] * Death of Danny Chan, Hong Kong singer (born 1958). [31] * Death of Vincent Price, American actor (born 1911). [31] October 31 * Actor River Phoenix dies of a drug overdose outside of the Viper Room in Hollywood. [31] * Death of Federico Fellini, Italian film director (born 1920). [31] November 1 * The Maastricht Treaty takes effect, formally establishing the European Union. [1] [31] [37] * Death of Severo Ochoa, Spanish-born biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1905). [31] November 3

1186

* Death of Leon Theremin, Russian inventor and creator of the theremin. [31] November 4 * Jean Chrétien becomes the 20th Prime Minister of Canada. [31] November 6 * Death of Michael Vernon, Australian consumer activist (born 1932). [31] November 9 * Bosnian Croat forces destroy the Stari most, or Old Bridge of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, by tank fire. [31] November 11 * Disney announces plans to build a 150-acre amusement park called Disney's America with a history theme in Piedmont, Virginia. The 3,000 acre, US$650 million development would also include a campground, golf course, 2500 homes, and two million square feet of office/commercial space. [6] November 12 * Buena Vista Pictures Distribution releases the Walt Disney Pictures / Caravan Pictures live-action feature film The Three Musketeers to theaters in the US. [6] * Death of H. R. Haldeman, American Watergate scandal figure (born 1926). [31] November 17 * A teacher and ten children, all from Hagley RC High School near Birmingham, United Kingdom, are killed in a minibus crash on the M40 in Warwickshire. [31] * US Congress votes for NAFTA. [1] November 18 * In South Africa, 21 political parties approve a new constitution. [31] November 20 * An Avioimpex Yak 42D crashes into Mount Trojani near Ohrid, Macedonia. The aircraft was on a flight from Geneva, Switzerland to Skopje, but had been diverted to Ohrid due to poor weather conditions at the Skopje airport. All eight crew members and 115 of the 116 passengers are killed. [31] November 21

1187

* Death of Bill Bixby, American actor (born 1934). [31] November 22 * Death of Anthony Burgess, English author (born 1917). [31] November 24 * In the United Kingdom, 11-year-olds Robert Thompson and Jon Venables are convicted of the child murder of 2-year-old James Bulger of Liverpool. [31] November 28 * The Observer reveals a channel of communications has existed between the Irish Republican Army and the British government, despite the government's persistent denials. [31] November 30 * U.S. President Bill Clinton signs the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act (the Brady Bill) into law. [31] December 1 * Death of Ray Gillen, American singer (born 1959). [31] * Northwest Airlink plane crashes in Minnesota, killing 18. [1] December 2 * Dow Jones Industrial Average hits record 3702.11. [1] * Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar, head of the Medellín Cartel, is gunned down in Medellín when police try to arrest him. [1] [31] * NASA launches the Space Shuttle Endeavour on a mission (STS-61) to repair an optical flaw in the Hubble Space Telescope. [1] [31] December 3 * Lewis Thomas, American biologist, dies of cancer at age 80 (born 1913). [1] [31] * Thomas Mogotlane, South African actor (Mapantsula), dies at age 40. [1] December 4 * Frank Sturgis, watergate burglar, dies at age 68. [1] * Frank V Zappa, American guitarist and composer (Mothers of Invention), dies at age 52 (born 1940). [1] [5] [31]

1188

* Hetty de Boer-Jongkind, Dutch medical astrologist, dies at age 42. [1] * Margaret Landon, US author (Anna and the King of Siam), dies at age 90. [1] December 5 * Alexandre Trauber, Hungarian/French set designer (Harem), dies at age 87. [1] * Arthur Staal, Dutch architect (Shell Tower Amsterdam), dies at age 86. [1] * Astronauts begin repair of Hubble telescope in space. [1] * Douglas Hopkins, American guitarist and songwriter (Gin Blossoms), dies of gun shot at age 32 (born 1961). [1] [31] * Rafael Caldera elected President of Venezuela. [1] December 6 * Don Ameche, actor (Cocoon), dies of prostate cancer at age 85. [1] * Professor Wolfgang Paul, German physicist (Nobel Prize 1989), dies at age 80. [1] * Rita Macedo, actress (Divinas Palabras), dies of heart attack at age 65. [1] * Rouaz Lakhdar, Algerian supreme court justice, murdered. [1] December 7 * Félix Houphouet-Boigny, President of Ivory Coast (1960-93), dies at age 88 (born 1905). [1] [31] * Henri Konan Bédié names himself President of Ivory Coast. [1] * Janet Margolin, actress (David and Lisa), dies of ovarian cancer at age 50. [1] * Thirty-two member Transitional Executive Committee holds its first meeting in Cape Town, marking the first meeting of an official government body in South Africa with black members. [1] [31] * Colin Ferguson opens fire with his Ruger 9mm pistol on a Long Island Rail Road train, killing 16 and injuring 29. [31] * Death of Wolfgang Paul, German physicist, Noble Prize for Physics 1989, in Bonn, Germany (born 1913). [31] [37] December 8 * 30 killed at religious rebellion in Algeria. [1] * 4th Billboard Music Awards. [1] * André Cerf, French actor/producer (Nana), dies at age 93. [1] * Carlotta Monti, lover of WC Fields, dies at age 86. [1] * Storm hits West Europe, 11 killed in England. [1] December 9 * Ivory Coast Premier Ouattara resigns. [1] * Muhammad Reza Golpayegani, ayatollah of Iran, dies. [1]

1189

December 10 * Maroun Bagdadi, director/writer (Little Wars, Veiled Man), dies at age 42. [1] * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Sister Act 2: Back in the Habit to theaters in the US. [6] * id Software releases the Doom game for MS-DOS to the public, via the ftp site on the University of Wisconsin's computer system. The game's name was inspired by a scene in the movie The Color of Money. [4] * Paramount Pictures releases the film Wayne's World 2 to theaters in the USA. [4] December 11 * Ales Gartner, Slavic ski trainer of Norway, dies at age 45. [1] * Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle wins the election for President of Chile with 58 percent of the vote. [1] [31] * Eliva "Elvire" Popesco, Romanian/French actress (Le roi), dies at age 99. [1] * A block of the Highland Towers collapses near Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, killing 148. [31] December 12 * Gerard "Gé" Nabrink, Dutch anarchist/NVSH-founder, dies at age 90. [1] * Jeremiah Sullivan, actor (Soldier, Double-Stop), dies of AIDS at age 58. [1] * Jozsef Antall, historian/premier of Hungary (1990-93), dies at age 61. [1] * Ultra-Nationalists make strong gains in Russian elections. [1] December 13 * Charles Jonckheere, Flemish poet/writer: Ogentroost, dies at age 87. [1] * Deadline for Israeli troop withdrawal from Gaza, they don't. [1] * Fire in textile factory in Fuzjou China, 60 killed. [1] * Space shuttle STS-61 (Endeavour 5) lands. [1] * Canadian Prime Minister Kim Campbell resigns as head of the Conservative Party to be succeeded by Jean Charest. [31] * Kazakhstan parliament approves nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and agrees to dismantle more than 100 missiles. [31] * A U-2 spyplane crashes on a local training flight at Beale Air Force Base in California; USAF pilot Captain Richard Schneider is killed. [31] * Death of Vanessa Duriès, French novelist (car crash) (born 1972). [31] December 14 * Muslim fundamentalists murder 12 Kroates/Bosnians in Algeria. [1] * Myrna Loy [Williams], actress (Thin Man, Vanity Fair), dies at age 88. [1] [5] December 15

1190

* British premier major/Irish premier Reynolds signs Downing Street Declaration concerning Northern Ireland self-determination. [1] [31] * C-130 flies into a Philippines hill and explodes, 16 killed. [1] * Uruguay Round of GATT talks reach successful conclusion after seven years. [1] [31] * Haitian premier Robert Malval resigns. [1] * John Williams final appearance as conductor of Boston Pops. [1] * Lee Aspen resigns as Secretary of Defense. [1] * Y-12 crashes at Phonesavanh, Laos: 18 killed. [1] December 16 * Bentri Seddik, Algerian court judge, murdered at age 46. [1] * Kakuei Tanaka, premier of Japan (1972-74), dies at age 75. [1] * Moses Gunn, actor (Roots), dies of asthma at age 64. [1] * Ratu Penaia Ganilau, President of Fiji (1987-93), dies at age 75. [1] * Richard Auwerda, Dutch journalist/writer (Volkskrant), dies at age 68. [1] * Brazil's Supreme Court rules that former President Fernando Collor de Mello may not hold elected office again until 2000 due to corruption. [31] December 17 * Bangladesh Muslims call for murder of feminist Taslima Nasrin. [1] * Frederik "Fried" Löwensteyn, Dutch lawyer/writer, dies at age 71. [1] * Janet Margolin, US actress (Annie Hall), dies at age 50 of ovarian cancer. [1] December 18 * Sam Wanamaker, actor (Private Benjamin), dies of prostate cancer at age 74. [1] * Omar Bongo is re-elected as President of Gabon in the country's first ever multiparty elections. [31] December 19 * Anthonius "Ton" Kors, writer (Time of Anton de Lange), dies at age 47. [1] * Antoon Veerman, Dutch ARP Assistant Secretary of Education (1973-75), dies at age 77. [1] * Guinee General Lansana re-elected president. [1] * Michael Clarke, drummer (Byrds), dies of liver failure at age 49. [1] December 20 * Moses Gunn, actor (Shaft), dies at age 64. [1] * W Edwards Deming, US economist (helped Japan after WWII), dies at age 93. [1]

1191

* United Nations General Assembly votes unanimously to appoint a United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. [31] December 21 * Philip Christison, British general (Rangoon), dies at age 100. [1] December 22 * Don DeFore, actor (George Baxter-Hazel), dies of cardiac arrest at age 76. [1] * Interim South Africa constitution approved by parliament in a 237-45 vote. [31] December 23 * Gertrude "Trudi" Duby Blom, actress, shot to death at about age 92. [1] December 24 * Alexander Mackendrick, British/US director (Lady Killers), dies at age 81. [1] * Norman Vincent Peale, reverend (Power of Positive Thinking), dies at age 95. [1] * Yen Chia-kan, Prime Minister/President of Taiwan (1963-72, 75-78), dies. [1] December 25 * Disney releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Tombstone to theaters in the US. [6] December 26 * Antonov-26 plane crashes at Gyumri, Armenia, 36 killed. [1] * Jeff Morrow, actor (Robe, Harbor Lights, Blood Legacy), dies at age 80. [1] December 27 * Blandine Ebinger [Loeser], actress (Mädchen in Uniform), dies at age 94. [1] * Youssef Sebti, Algerian scholar/poet, murdered at age 50. [1] December 28 * Dutch Antilles government of Yandi Paula forms. [1] * Howard Caine dies. [1] * William L Shirer, writer (Rise and Fall of third Reich), dies at age 89. [1] December 29

1192

* Argentina passes a measure allowing President Carlos Saul Menem and all future presidents to run for a second term. It also shortens presidential terms to four years and removes the requirement for the president to be Roman Catholic. [31] * Death of Frunzik Mkrtchyan, Soviet Armenian actor (born 1930). [31] December 30 * Mack David, US songwriter (Bachelor in Paradise), dies at age 81. [1] * Israel and the Vatican establish diplomatic relations. [1] [31] * [Irving Paul] "Swifty" Lazar, superagent, dies of kidney failure at age 86. [1] * Congress Party gains a parliamentary majority in India after the defection of ten Janata Dal party lawmakers. [31] December 31 * Arthur Dreifuss, director/producer (Murder in Amsterdam), dies at age 85. [1] * Barbra Streisand performs her first live public concert in 20 years. [1] * Lambert Fokkema, founder of Dutch Export Combination, dies at age 80. [1] * Thomas J Watson Jr, president of IBM (1956-71)/diplomat, dies at age 79. [1] * Zviad Gamsachurdia, first President of Georgia SSR (1991-1993), dies of suicide at age 54 (born 1939). [1] [31]

1193

1994 January 1 * Cesar Romero, Cuban-American actor (Joker-Batman), dies at age 86 (born 1907). [1] [30] * Jacobs Field opens with "Gateway's New Year's Eve Countdown to '94". [1] * The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) goes into effect in Canada, USA, and Mexico. [1] [30] * Werner Schwab, Austrian playwright (Female Presidents), dies at age 35. [1] * The Zapatista Army of National Liberation begins their war in Chiapas, Mexico. [30] January 2 * Battles between army and rebellious Indians in South Mexico; 57 dead. [1] * Dixy Lee Ray, chairwoman (US Atomic Energy Commission), dies at age 79. [1] * Pierre-Paul Schweitzer, French director of International Monetary Fund (1963-73), dies at age 81. [1] * Sammy Taft, Canadian businessman (coined term "hat trick"), dies at age 81. [1] January 3 * Hundreds killed in Venezuela in prison revolt. [1] * Roel Bazen, Dutch sound technician (Van Kooten and The Bie), dies at age 48. [1] * Tupolev-154M crashes at Irkutsk, Siberia; 122 killed. [1] January 4 * 10th largest wrestling crowd (58,000-Tokyo Dome). [1] * Jim Booth, New Zealand producer (Heavenly Creatures), dies at age 48. [1] * Michiel P "Michael" Gorsira, Governor of Curaçao (1951-67), dies at age 80. [1] January 5 * Louis R J Ridder van Rappard, Dutch mayor of Zoelen, dies at age 87. [1] * Thomas P "Tip" O'Neill (Democrat-Massachusettes)/Speaker of House (1977-86), dies of cancer at age 81 (born 1912). [1] [30] * Victor van Os, Dutch jazz guitarist, dies at age 39. [1] * William Raynor, writer, dies at age 73. [1] * Death of Elmar Lipping, Estonian statesman and soldier (born 1906). [30] January 6 * "Iron" Adriaan van Es, Dutch undersecretary of Navy (1963-72), dies at age 80. [1] * Dow Jones Industrial Average hits record 3803.88. [1] * Gerardus J Sizoo, physicist/director of Dutch Free University, dies. [1]

1194

* Morty the Moose (Northern Exposure), dies at age 6. [1] * Virginia Kelley Clinton, mother of US President Clinton, dies at age 70. [1] January 7 * Bobby Pratt jazz Trombone/Piano Player, dies at age 67. [1] * Jay Blackton, broadway conductor (Oklahoma!), dies at age 84. [1] * Lewis Boddington, aerospace engineer, dies at age 85. [1] * Lynn Blessing, vibes player, dies at age 65. [1] * Phoumi Vongvichit, President of Laos (1986-91), dies. [1] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film The Air Up There to theaters in the USA. [6] * Buena Vista releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Cabin Boy to theaters in the USA. [6] * United Express commuter plane crashes in Ohio, killing five. [1] * Vittorio Mezzogiorno, actor (Cafe Express), dies of heart failure 52. [1] January 8 * Edward Duke, actor (Decadence, Silver Bears), dies of cancer at age 40. [1] * Jay Blackton, US conductor/arranger (Oklahoma!), dies at age 84. [1] * Lady Caithness, wife of British undersecretary, commits suicide. [1] * Pat Buttram, American actor (Haney-Green Acres), dies of kidney failure at 78 (born 1915). [1] [30] * Russian manned space craft TM-18 is launched into orbit. Valeri Polyakov begins his 437.7 day orbit on the Mir space station, eventually setting the world record for days spent in orbit. [1] [30] * Sri Chandrashekhara Saraswathi, guru of Kanchi, dies at age 99. [1] * Vittorio Mezzogiorno, Italian actor (Octopus), dies at age 52. [1] January 9 * Silas Hogan, blues singer/guitarist, dies at age 82. [1] January 10 * Catharina I "Ien" Dales, minister of Internal affairs (1989-94), dies at age 62. [1] * Michael Aldridge, actor (Murder in the Cathedral), dies at age 73. [1] * Ukraine says it will give up world's third largest nuclear arsenal. [1] * Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan agree to abolish trade tariffs. [1] January 11 * Irish government announces end of a 20-year broadcasting ban on Irish Republican Army. [1] (15-year ban [30]) * John Bradley, raised US flag at Iwo Jima, dies at age 70. [1]

1195

* Roger "Ram" Ramirez, jazz piano player/composer, dies at age 80. [1] * The Superhighway Summit is held in Los Angeles, California. It is the first conference to discuss the growing information superhighway and is presided over by U.S. Vice President Al Gore. [30] January 12 * Bob Horen dies of cancer at age 67. [1] * Malcolm X's daughter arrested for plotting Louis Farrakhan's murder. [1] * Samuel Bronston, Romanian/US producer (El Cid), dies at age 85. [1] January 13 * Frederick William Sternfield, musicologist, dies at age 79. [1] * Italian government of Ciampi resigns. [1] * Johan J Holst, Norwegian minister of defense/foreign affairs, dies at age 56. [1] * Erich Honecker leaves Germany for Chile. Honecker had been the leader of East Germany. After the reunification there was the possibility of trying him for crimes against humanity, but due to his cancer he was allowed to leave Germany. [37] January 14 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film Iron Will to theaters in the USA. [6] * Esther Ralston, US actress (Tin Pan Alley, San Francisco Docks), dies at age 91. [1] * Federica Montseny, anarchist/Spanish minister of Health (1936), dies at age 80. [1] * Russian manned space craft TM-17 lands. [1] * U.S. President Bill Clinton and Russian President Boris Yeltsin sign the Kremlin Accords, which stop the preprogrammed aiming of nuclear missiles toward each country's targets, and also provide for the dismantling of the nuclear arsenal in Ukraine. [30] January 15 * 15th ACE Cable Awards: HBO wins 34 awards, Showtime wins 10. [1] * György Cziffra, Hungarian/French pianist (Chopin/Liszt), dies at age 72. [1] * Hague motorist with .51% alcohol in blood, breaks Dutch record (.47%). [1] * Harry Nilsson, rock vocalist (Without You, Everybody's Talkin'), dies at age 52 (born 1941). [1] [5] [30] * Philippe Brun, jazz trumpeter, dies at age 85. [1] * Queen Elizabeth falls off her horse and breaks her left wrist. [1] January 16 * Martin Kosleck, German/US actor (Hitler Gang), dies at age 86. [1] * Stephen Kritsick, veterinarian (Good Morning America), dies at age 42. [1]

1196

* In Pennsylvania, a magnitude 4.6 earthquake occurs. Felt throughout southeastern Pennsylvania and as far as Baltimore, Maryland and New York City. Also felt at Toronto, Canada. [53] January 17 * In Northridge, California, a magnitude 6.7 earthquake occurs. Sixty people were killed, more than 7,000 injured, 20,000 homeless and more than 40,000 buildings damaged in Los Angeles, Ventura, Orange and San Bernardino Counties. Severe damage occurred in the San Fernando Valley. Collapsed overpasses closed sections of the Santa Monica Freeway, the Antelope Valley Freeway, the Simi Valley Freeway and the Golden State Freeway. Total damage: US$30 billion. [1] [30] [53] * Allan G Odell, ad executive (Burma Shave), dies at age 90. [1] * Chung Il Kwon, Prime Minister of South Korea (1964-70), dies. [1] * Grady "Fats" Jackson, tenor sax player, dies at age 66. [1] * Han Jansen, Dutch journalist (Volkskrant), dies at age 61. [1] * Noel Chiboust, trumpeter/sax, dies at age 84. [1] January 18 * Arthur Altman, songwriter, dies at age 83. [1] * The Cando event, a possible bolide impact in Cando, Spain. Witnesses claim to have seen a fireball in the sky lasting for almost one minute. [30] January 19 * Record cold temperatures hit the eastern United States. The coldest temperature ever measured in Indiana state history, -36 degrees F (-38 degrees C), is recorded in New Whiteland. The coldest temperature ever measured in Ohio state history, -20 degrees F (-29 degrees C), is recorded in Cleveland. [1] [30] January 20 * Jaramogi Oginga Odinga, Kenyan Vice-President (1963-66), dies at about age 81. [1] January 21 * Basel al-Assad, Syrian President Assad's son, dies in car accident at age 31. [1] * In Halmahera, Indonesia, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurs. Seven people killed, 40 injured and 550 houses damaged in the Kau area. [53] January 22 * 5.5 earthquake strikes Sumatra. [1] * 51st Golden Globes: Schlinder's List, Steven Spielberg. [1] * Frances Gifford dies of emphysema, at age 71. [1]

1197

* Irving B Kahn, inventor (teleprompter), dies at age 76. [1] * Jean-Louis Barrault, French actor (La Ronde), dies at age 83. [1] * Telly Savalas, actor (Kojak), dies of prostate cancer at age 70 (born 1924). [1] [30] January 23 * Nikolai Ogarkov, Russian marshal (Flight KAL 007), dies at age 76. [1] * Oliver Smith, US set designer (Guys and Dolls - seven Tony Awards), dies at age 75. [1] * Sherry Mathis, actress (Search for Tomorrow), dies of cancer at age 44. [1] * Suzanne M Blum, French lawyer (Charlie Chaplin), dies at age 95. [1] * Death of Brian Redhead, British journalist and broadcaster (born 1929). [30] January 24 * Dow Jones closes above 3,900 for first time (3,914.48). [1] * Michalis Vranopoulos, head of Greek state bank, murdered at age 48. [1] January 25 * Mine fire at Asansol, India, kills 55. [1] * Stephen Cole Kleene, mathematician (Regular Expressions), dies at age 85 (born 1909). [1] [30] * The Clementine deep space probe is launched by the USA. [1] [5] * U.S. President Bill Clinton delivers his first State of the Union address, calling for health care reform, a ban on assault weapons, and welfare reform. [30] January 26 * A man fires two blank shots at Charles, Prince of Wales in Sydney, Australia. [30] January 27 * Carlos Reina succeeds President Callejas in Honduras. [1] * Claude Akins; actor (Rio Bravo, Lobo), dies of cancer at age 75 (born 1914). [1] [30] * Eddie Calhoun, jazz bassist, dies at age 72. [1] * Joe Mays, actor (Mr Saturday Night), dies of AIDS at age 44. [1] * Romanian social-democrats form government with anti-Semites. [1] * Stanley Adams, songwriter, dies at age 86. [1] January 28 * Hal Smith, American actor (Otis Campbell - Andy Griffith Show), dies at age 77 (born 1916). [1] [30] * Helicopter crashes into office building in San Jose, California, one dead. [1] * Hermanus P "Piet" Mulder, Dutch journalist (Het Parool), dies at age 79. [1]

1198

* William Levitt, builder (Levittown), dies of kidney failure at age 86. [1] January 29 * Jevgeni P Leonov, Russian actor (Gori, Moja Zvezda), dies at age 67. [1] * Nick Cravat, midget (Gremlin-Twilight Zone), dies of lung cancer at age 81. [1] January 30 * Bahjat Talhouni, Prime Minister of Jordan (1960-62, 1964-65, 1967-69, 1969-70), dies. [1] * Byron "Wild Child" Gipson, blues singer, dies at age 64. [1] * Ernestine "Tiny" Davis, jazz vocalist/trumpeter, dies at age 86. [1] * Jan L N Schaefer, Dutch undersecretary of Housing (PvdA), dies at age 53. [1] * Death of Pierre Boulle, French author (Executioner) (born 1912). [30] (January 31 [1]) January 31 * in Spain, the Barcelona opera theater Gran Teatro del Liceo burns down. [1] * German luxury car manufacturer BMW announces the purchase of Rover from British Aerospace. [30] February 1 * Fouad Fram al-Boustani, Lebanese historian (Rawaeaa), dies at age 88. [1] * Large meteorite falls near Kusaie, Pacific Ocean. [1] * Olan Soule, radio voice (Super Friends), dies of lung cancer at age 83 (born 1909). [1] [30] February 2 * John Wesley Funchess Littlejohn, blues guitarist/singer, dies at age 62. [1] * Stephen Barclay, actor (Pride of the Plains), dies at age 75. [1] * Willie Mae Ford Smith, gospel singer/songwriter, dies at age 89. [1] * Zilner T Randolph, jazz trumpeter/arranger, dies at age 95. [1] February 3 * President Bill Clinton lifts US trade embargo against Vietnam. [1] * STS-60 (Discovery) launches into orbit. [1] * William J. Perry is sworn in as the United States Secretary of Defense. [30] February 4

1199

* The Federal Open Market Committee raises the US Federal Funds target rate for the first time since May 1989. The rate is raised by 25 basis points to 3.25 percent. [30] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film My Father, the Hero to theaters in the USA. [6] * 10th Soap Opera Digest Awards - Days of Our Lives wins. [1] * Twenty die in armed assault on mosque in Khartum, Sudan. [1] * Han Jansen, Dutch painter, dies at age 62. [1] * Harold Schneider, US producer (Five Easy Pieces, War Games), dies at age 55. [1] * Jan Veldkamp, Dutch geophysicist/director (KNMI), dies at age 84. [1] * Justinus Darmojuwono, Indonesian archbishop/cardinal, dies at age 79. [1] February 5 * Where On Earth Is Carmen San Diego debuts on Fox TV. [1] * Hermann J. Abs, German banker to Hitler and Adenauer, dies at age 92 in Bad Soden, Germany. [1] [37] * Kenneth "Buddy" Scott, blues guitarist/Singer, dies at age 59. [1] * Medgar Evers' murderer Byron De La Beckwith sentenced to life in prison, in Jackson, Mississippi, 30 years after the crime. [1] [30] February 6 * Ignace Strasfogel, Polish/US pianist/conductor/composer, dies at age 84. [1] * Jack Kirby, American cartoonist (X-Men, Spiderman, Hulk), dies at age 76 (born 1917). [1] [30] * Joseph Cotten, actor (Citizen Kane), dies at age 88. [1] * José Maria Figueres elected President of Costa Rica. [1] * Martti Ahtisaari elected President of Finland. [1] * Norman Del Mar, conductor/writer (Conducting Brahms), dies at age 74. [1] * A Bosnian Serb Army mortar shell kills 68 civilians and wounds about 200 in a Sarajevo marketplace. [30] February 7 * 21st American Music Awards: Whitney Houston wins. [1] * Maarten Vrolijk, Dutch Social-Democrat minister (CRM 1965-66), dies at age 74. [1] * Richard Bissell, US under director of US Central Intelligence Agency (Pig's Bay), dies at age 84. [1] * Death of Witold Lutoslawski, Polish composer (born 1913). [30] February 8 * Jacob Firet, Dutch theologist (Agogic Moment), dies at age 70. [1] * Ken Hall, Australian director/producer (Kokoda front line), dies at age 92. [1] * Raymond Scott, composer (Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm), dies at age 85. [1]

1200

February 9 * Arnold Smith, British first Secretary-General of Commonwealth (1965-75), dies at age 79. [1] * Israeli minister Shimon Perez signs accord with Palestinian Liberation Organization's Arafat. [1] * Jarmila Novotna, Czechoslovakia/US soprano (Madame Butterfly), dies at age 86. [1] * Louis Kaufman, US violinist/conductor (Gone With the Wind), dies at age 88. [1] * The Vance-Owen Peace plan for Bosnia and Herzegovina is announced. [30] * Death of Howard Martin Temin, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1934). [30] February 11 * Lu Parker, Miss South Carolina, crowned 43rd Miss USA. [1] * Sorrell Booke, American actor (Mayor Boss Hogg - Dukes of Hazzard), dies at age 64 (born 1930). [1] [30] * Space shuttle STS-60 (Discovery 18), lands. [1] * William Conrad, American actor (Cannon), dies of a heart attack at age 73 (born 1920). [1] [30] * Buena Vista releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film Blank Check to theaters in the USA. [6] February 12 * 20th century premiere of six restored Haydn-sonatas in Boston. [1] * Donald Judd, US furniture maker/architect/artist, dies at age 65. [1] * Edvard Munch's painting The Scream is stolen in a 50-second robbery of a museum in Oslo, Norway. (The painting is recovered May 7.) [1] [30] [129] February 13 * Michael Francis Morris Lindsay, orientalist, dies at age 84. [1] * Ship disaster near Ranong, Thailand, kills 200. [1] * Theo Bitter, Dutch painter/set designer, dies at age 79. [1] February 14 * Christopher Lasch, author (Culture of Narcissism), dies at age 61. [1] * Gary "BB" Coleman, blues vocal/guitarist/producer, dies at age 47. [1] * Death of Andrei Chikatilo, Russian serial killer (executed) (born 1936). [1] [30] February 15 * Tiger Haynes, US actor (Moscow on the Hudson, Cosby Show), dies at age 79. [1]

1201

* US asks Aristide to adopt a peace plan from Haiti. [1] * In Southern Sumatera, Indonesia, a magnitude 6.9 earthquake occurs. At least 207 people killed, more than 2,000 injured, 75,000 homeless and extensive damage from landslides, mudslides and fires in Lampung Province. Damage estimated to be about US$169 million. [53] (February 16 [1]) February 16 * Premier Alfonso Bustamente ends government in Peru. [1] February 17 * Randy Shilts, American journalist (And the band played on), dies of AIDS at age 41 (born 1951). [1] [30] February 18 * Peter Caddy, founder of the Findhorn Community, dies at age 76. [1] February 19 * Derek Jarman, actor/director (Tempest), dies of AIDS at age 52. [1] * Georges Watin, Algerian/French officer (OAS), dies at age 71. [1] February 20 * Three Afghans take 70 Pakistani children hostage. [1] * Derek Jarman, English director (Last of England), dies at age 52. [1] * Pope John Paul II demands juristic discrimination of homosexuals. [1] February 21 * Frederick Edward Nicklin, architect, dies at age 68. [1] * William Elgin Swinton, child psychiatrist, dies at age 54. [1] February 22 * "Papa" John Creach, American jazz musician (Papa Blues), dies at age 76 (born 1917). [1] [30] * Aldrich Ames and his wife are charged with spying for the Soviet Union by the United States Department of Justice. Ames will later be convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment and his wife will receive five years in prison. [30] February 23 * Stuart Berger, doctor (Immune Power Diet), dies from obesity at age 40. [1]

1202

* A US District Court rules that Microsoft violated patents held by Stac Electronics, in data compression used in Microsoft's DoubleSpace in DOS 6. Microsoft is ordered to remove or replace the technology, and pay US$120 million in damages. The court also finds that Stac illegally used access to Microsoft's trade secrets to make Stacker compatible with DOS 6.0. Microsoft is awarded US$13.6 million in damages. [4] February 24 * Dinah Shore, American singer (Chevrolet), dies of cancer at age 76 (born 1916). [1] [30] * Donald Phillips, pianist/composer, dies at age 80. [1] * Jean Sablon, French singer, dies at age 87 (born 1906). [1] [30] * Knut Anders Haukfield, SOE Operative, dies at age 83. [1] * Lores Bonney, aviator, dies at age 96. [1] February 25 * Israeli Kahanist Baruch Goldstein opens fire inside the Cave of the Patriarchs in the West Bank. He kills 29 Muslims before worshippers beat him to death. [1] [30] * Peruvian Yak-40 crashes into mountain near Tingo Maria, kills 31. [1] * Wladyslaw Sila, Lawyer Adviser to Solidarity-Nowicki dies at age 80. [1] * Yann Piat, French Member of Parliament (FN/PR), murdered at age 44. [1] February 26 * Avery Fisher, US audio manufacturer (first hi-fi), dies at age 87. [1] * William "Bill" M Hicks, American comedian, dies at age 32 (born 1961). [1] [30] February 27 * Harold Acton, English/Italian historian/art collector, dies at age 84. [1] * Karl I Pelgrom, Dutch sculptor, dies at age 66. [1] * Laurence "Bill" Craigie, jet pioneer, dies at age 92. [1] * Leopold "Hans" Kohr, Austrian social philosopher/economist, dies at age 84. [1] * Maronite church near Beirut bombed, 10 killed. [1] February 28 * Brady Law, imposing a wait-period to buy a hand-gun, goes into effect. [1] * Buster Holmes, chef/restaurateur, dies at age 88. [1] * Elbert "Skippy" Williams, tenor sax player, dies at age 77. [1] * George Osborne Sayles, historian, dies at age 92. [1] * Leopoldina Poldi Feichtegger Gerhard dies at age 90. [1] * Aisin Giorro Pu Chieh, brother of Last Emperor of China, dies at age 86. [1] * United States F-16 pilots shoot down four Serbian fighter aircraft over BosniaHerzegovina for violation of the Operation Deny Flight and its no-fly zone. [30]

1203

March 1 * 36th Grammy Awards: "I Will Always Love You", Toni Braxton win. [1] * Eliseo Diego, Cuban poet, dies at age 74. [1] * Jacob "Jimmy" Herman Huizinga, journalist/writer, dies at age 75. [1] * Manmohan Desai, filmmaker, dies at age 57. [1] * Martti Ahtisaari inaugurated as President of Finland. [1] * The grunge rock band Nirvana plays its final show in Munich, Germany. [30] * US Senate rejects a balanced budget amendment to the Constitution. [1] * Timothy Andrew James Souster, composer/musician, dies at age 51. [1] * Walter Kent, US composer (I'll Be Home for Christmas), dies at age 82. [1] * A lone terrorist kills Ari Halberstam during an attack on 14 Jewish students on the Brooklyn Bridge in New York City. [30] * South Africa cedes Walvis Bay to Namibia. [30] * Mary Ellen Withrow begins her term of office as Treasurer of the United States, serving under President Bill Clinton. [30] March 2 * Branch Davidian cult leader David Koresh promises to surrender if taped statement is broadcast; it is, but he doesn't. [1] * Donald McKenzie MacKinnon, philosopher, dies at age 80. [1] * Miami begins a latin walk of fame, first star for Gloria Estefan. [1] * Tengiz Abuladze, filmmaker, dies at age 70. [1] * William Natcher, (Representative-Democrat-Kentucky), casts his 18,401 and last consecutive vote. [1] March 3 * Philoktetes Variations, with Ron Vawter, premieres in Brussels. [1] * Anita Morris, actress (Nine), dies of cancer at age 50. [1] * Karel Kryl, folk singer, dies at age 49. [1] March 4 * Four terrorists are convicted for their roles in the World Trade Center bombing, which killed six and injured more than 1,000. [1] [30] * Guus Verstraete Sr, Dutch actor/director (Two Drops of Water), dies at age 79. [1] * John Candy, Canadian comedian and actor (SCTV, Uncle Buck), dies from a heart attack at age 43 (born 1950). [1] [5] [30] * Space shuttle STS-62 (Columbia 16), launches into orbit. [1] * Buena Vista releases the Hollywood Pictures / Caravan Pictures live-action feature film Angie to theaters in the USA. [6] March 5

1204

* Abdullah Al-Sallal, President of Yemen (1962-67), dies. [1] * Joe Daley, jazz tenor/clarinet/flute player, dies at age 75. [1] * Largest milkshake: 1,955 gallons of chocolate, in Nelspruit, South Africa. [1] * Paul Vincze, medallist, dies at age 86. [1] * A gunman takes eight people hostage in the Salt Lake City Public Library in Utah. [30] March 6 * Leighton Noble, singer/Bandleader, dies at age 81. [1] * Max Schubert, winemaker, dies at age 89. [1] * Melina Mercouri, Greek actress (Never on a Sunday), dies at about age 68. [1] * Moses Rascoe, blues singer, dies at age 77. [1] * Tengis Abuladze, Georgia SSR Member of Parliament (Penalty), dies at age 71. [1] * A referendum in Moldova results in the electorate voting against possible reunification with Romania. [30] March 7 * 8th American Comedy Awards: Carrot Top wins. [1] * African National Congress chief Nelson Mandela rejects demand by white rightwingers for separate homeland in South Africa. [1] * Charles Taylor resigns as President of Liberia. [1] * US Navy issues first permanent order assigning women on combat ship. [1] * Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.: The Supreme Court of the United States rules that parodies of an original work are generally covered by the doctrine of fair use. [30] March 8 * 20th People's Choice Awards. [1] * B737 collides with Ilyushin-86 in New Dehli, India; at least 8 killed. [1] * US Defense Department announces smoking ban in workplaces. [1] * John Ewart, in Sydney, Australia, dies of cancer at age 55. [1] * Joop C Swart, publisher/founder (World Press Photo), dies at age 69. [1] * Knut Haukelid, Norway/US resistance fighter (Rjukan 1943), dies at age 82. [1] * Train accident at Pinetown, Natal kills 47. [1] March 9 * Charles Bukowski, American author/poet, dies of leukemia at age 73 (born 1920). [1] [30] * Fernando Rey, Spanish actor (French Connection), dies of cancer at age 76. [1] * Irish Republican Army launch first of three mortar attacks on London's Heathrow Airport. [1] * John Harrison, South African correspondent (BBC), dies at age 48. [1]

1205

* Lawrence E Spivak, journalist (Meet the Press), dies at age 93. [1] * Louis Freeman, band leader, dies at age 100. [1] * Maurice "Moe" Purtill, jazz drummer, dies at age 77. [1] March 10 * One million Greeks attend Melina Mercouri's funeral. [1] * Cecil Rolph Hewitt, journalist/policeman, dies at age 92. [1] * Charles Bukowski, German/US writer (Barfly, Hollywood), dies at age 73. [1] * Robert Shea, author, dies of cancer. [1] March 11 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film The Ref to theaters in the USA. [6] * Eduardo Frei succeeds Patricio Aylwin as President of Chile. [1] * Jacques Doucet, French painter (Mostar Sarajevo), dies at age 69. [1] March 12 * Church of England ordains its first 33 women priests. [1] [30] * Sandra Paretti, German/Swiss author (Drums of Winter), dies at age 59. [1] * A photo by Marmaduke Wetherell, previously touted as 'proof' of the Loch Ness monster, is confirmed to be a hoax. [30] March 13 * 33.3 percent of Austria votes for ultra-right FPÖ. [1] * Danny Barker, US banjo player/guitarist (Bourbon St Black), dies at age 85. [1] * Oil tank/airship crash at Bosporus (huge fire/15+ killed). [1] * President Mangope of Bophuthaswana deposed. [1] * Sandra Paretti, romantic novelist, dies at age 59. [1] March 14 * Linux kernel version 1.0.0 is released. [5] * Abdelkader Alloula Algerian, playwright, murdered. [1] * Mexican banker/billionaire Alfredo Harp Helu kidnapped. [1] * Sally Mary Caroline Belfrage, writer, dies at age 57. [1] * Soyuz TM-21 launches with V Dezyurov, G Strekalov and N Thagard. [1] * Apple Computer introduces its first Power Macintosh computers, featuring 60 to 80 MHz PowerPC processors. Apple successfully managed a major processor transformation, without losing significant market share. [4] March 15

1206

* 8th Soul Train Music Awards: Toni Braxton, Whitney Houston win. [1] * Mae Zetterling, Swedish actress (Night Games), dies at age 68. [1] * U.S. troops are withdrawn from Somalia. [30] March * Six people in Quebec, Canada, share a CDN$19 million Lotto 6/49 lottery jackpot, the largest single ticket in Canadian history. [40.63] March 16 * Moravcik forms Slovakia government. [1] March 17 * Arthur C Jacobs, poet, dies at age 57. [1] * Harold Myers, film journalist, dies at age 81. [1] * Iran transport aircraft crashes in Azerbaijan (32 killed). [1] * Mai Zetterling, actress (Night is My Future), dies of cancer at age 68. [1] * Walter Janka, German writer (Troubles with Truth), dies at age 79. [1] March 18 * South Africa Goldstone committee reveals existence of secret police. [1] * Space shuttle STS-62 (Columbia 16), lands. [1] * Zsa Zsa Gabor files for bankruptcy. [1] March 19 * 2500 kilograms of cocaine intercepted in Zeewolde, Netherlands. [1] * Giuseppe Diana, Italian anti-mafia priest, murdered. [1] * Jose Coronel Urtecho, poet, dies at age 87. [1] * Largest omelet (1,383 square feet) made with 160,000 eggs in Yokohama, Japan. [1] March 20 * 14th Golden Raspberry Awards: Indecent Proposal wins. [1] * El Salvador's first Presidential election following 12-year civil war. [1] * Wrestlemania X at Madison Square Garden New York, Bret Hart pins Yokozuna to win WWF championship. [1] * Zulu-king Goodwill Zwelithini founds realm in South Africa. [1] March 21

1207

* 66th Academy Awards. Film director Steven Spielberg's film Schindler's List wins seven Oscars, including Best Picture. Best Actor: Tom Hanks. Best Actress: Holly Hunter. [1] [30] * Anne P Sidamon-Eristoff named chairwoman of Museum of National History. [1] * Dack Rambo, actor (Jack Ewing-Dallas), dies from AIDS at age 52. [1] * Novell announces it is acquiring WordPerfect Corporation for US$1.4 billion, and will acquire Quattro Pro from Borland International for US$145 million. [4] * Lili Damita, wife of Errol Flynn (Bridge of San Luis Rey), dies at age 89. [1] * Macdonald Carey, American actor (Days of Our Lives), dies of cancer at 81 (born 1913). [1] [30] March 22 * Dan Hartman, US singer/songwriter (Love Sensations), dies at age 42. [1] * Dutch Ambassador to US christens a new tulip (the Hillary Clinton). [1] * Igor Aleinikov, Russian director (tractors, air crash), dies at age 32. [1] * Luther Diamond, radio personality, dies at age 89. [1] * South African Government/African National Congress take power in Ciskei homeland. [1] * Soyuz TM-21 lands. [1] * Walter Lantz, American cartoonist (Woody Woodpecker), dies at age 93 (born 1899). [1] [30] March 23 * Alvara del Portillo, Spanish Opus Dei bishop, dies at age 80. [1] * Giulietta Masina, wife of Federico Felini/(La Strada), dies at age 74. [1] * Jim Moloney dies of Parkinson's disease. [1] * Luis Donaldo Colosio, Mexican Presidential candidate, assassinated at age 44 (born 1950). [1] [30] * Russian Airbus A-310 crashes in Siberia (74-75 killed). [1] March 24 * Edith Porada, art historian/archaeologist, dies at age 81. [1] * F-16 collides with C-130 Hercules above air force base in North Carolina, 120 die. [1] * Tommy Benford, jazz drummer, dies at age 88. [1] March 25 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film D2: The Mighty Ducks to theaters in the USA. [6] * David Miles Bensuan-Butt, economist, dies at age 79. [1] * Michel R Vassallucci, French/Netherlands publisher (Arena), dies at age 32. [1] * Death of Max Petitpierre, member of the Swiss Federal Council (born 1899). [30]

1208

March 26 * Constantine Koukouchkine, Russian diplomat, murdered in Algeria at age 41. [1] * Jan Bor Dutch, violinist/painter, dies at age 83. [1] March 27 * The biggest tornado outbreak in 1994 occurs in the southeastern United States. One tornado hits a United Methodist Church in Piedmont, Alabama, killing 22. [1] [30] * Dennis Hartas, flier, dies at age 69. [1] March 28 * Inkatha Freedom Party and African National Congress supporters battle in central Johannesburg, South Africa; over 53 killed. [1] [30] * Eugene Ionesco, Romanian-born playwright (Rhinoceros, Bald Soprano), dies at age 84 (born 1909). [1] [30] * Italy's right-wing alliance under Silvio Berlusconi wins election. [1] * John Logan Gorlay, journalist, dies at age 74. [1] March 29 * Bill Travers, English actor (Trio, Gorgo, Born Free), dies at age 72 (born 1922). [1] [30] * Paul Grimault, animator, dies at age 89. [1] * Serbs and Croats sign a cease-fire to end the war in Croatia. [1] * William Natcher (Representative-Democrat-Kentucky), dies at age 84. [1] March 30 * Albert Goldman, American rock biographer (Elvis, John Lennon), dies at age 66. [1] * Sid Weiss, bassist, dies at age 79. [1] March 31 * Léon J Ramirez Reine [Degrelle], Belgian/Spanish Nazi (Rex), dies at age 87. [1] * The journal Nature reports the finding in Ethiopia of the first complete Australopithecus afarensis skull. [30] April 1 * Bob Feller Statue on Indians Plaza, dedicated. [1] * Léon Degrelle, Belgium General, dies (born 1906). [1] [30] * Robert Doisneau, French photographer (The Kiss), dies at age 81. [1] * Rosalind Laura Burke, aviatrix, dies at age 86. [1]

1209

* Stuart Sloan, war hero/test pilot, dies at age 72. [1] April 2 * Richard Davies, actor (Private Buckaroo), dies of heart attack at age 79. [1] * Death of Betty Furness, American actress, author, and consumer advocate at age 78 (born 1916). [30] (April 3 [1]) April 3 * Disney President and Chief Operating Officer Frank Wells dies in a helicopter accident, at age 62. [1] [6] * Jerome Lejeune, French geneticist (Syndrome of Down), dies at age 67. [1] * Pat Harper, New York City news anchor (WPIX, WNBC), dies. [1] April 4 * KLM Saab 340B crashes at Schiphol, three killed. [1] * Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark found Mosaic Communications (later renamed Netscape). [1] [5] * Olga Lowina, Dutch yodeler (Edelweisskapel), dies at age 69. [1] * Virginia "Ginny" Simms, actress/singer (Kay Kyser Band), dies at age 77. [1] April 5 * Andre Victor Tchelistcheff, winemaker, dies at age 92. [1] * Aubrey J Watson Sr, bishop, dies at age 65. [1] * Marlon Riggs, US writer/director/producer (Ethnic notions), dies at age 37. [1] * Roy Smeck, guitarist/banjoist, dies at age 94. [1] April 6 * Agatha Uwilingiyimana Rwanda/first female Prime Minister in Africa, assassinated. [1] * Rwandan President Juvénal Habyarimana and Burundi President Cyprien Ntaryamira die when a missile shoots down their jet near Kigali, Rwanda. [1] [30] [258.58] * Dick Cary, jazz musician, dies at age 77. [1] * Liberal Supreme Court Justice Blackmun (Roe versus Wade) resigns. [1] * Palestinian suicide bomber kills 7 Israelis and himself. [1] * Patricia Louise Dalton, chair (Sherlock Holmes Society), dies at age 75. [1] * Rockwell B-1B Lancers break 11 world speed records. [1] * Theo Bosch, humanist/architect (Amsterdam), dies at age 54. [1] April 7 * The Rwandan Genocide begins in Kigali, Rwanda. [30]

1210

* Angelus Gottfried "Golo" Mann, German/US historian, dies at age 85 in Leverkusen, Germany (born 1909). [1] [30] [37] * Arthur Gordon Clough, journalist, dies at age 59. [1] * Evert Hartman, Dutch writer (War Without Friends), dies at age 56. [1] * François de Grossouvre, President Mitterrand advisor, suicide at age 76. [1] * Lee Brilleaux, British R&B-singer/guitarist (Stupidity), dies at age 41. [1] * Vatican acknowledges Holocaust (Nazi's killing Jews) for first time. [1] April 8 * Irene Eisinger, singer, dies at age 91. [1] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Holy Matrimony to theaters in the USA. [6] * Japan's premier Morihiro Hosokawa resigns. [1] * Smoking banned in Pentagon and all US military bases. [1] * Walter Arnold, German theologist (World council of Churches), dies at age 64. [1] * Kurt Cobain, lead singer of Nirvana, is found dead in Seattle, Washington. His death is believed to have been a suicide. (April 7 [1]) [30] April 9 * Cornelis N "Cor" van Dis Jr, Dutch Member of Parliament (1971-94), dies at age 71. [1] * Keith Watson, British comic strip artist (Dan Dare), dies at age 59. [1] * Marcel Ichac, French alpinist/director (Karakoram), dies at age 87. [1] * Raouf Khayrat, Egyptian General-Major, murdered. [1] * STS-59 (Endeavour) launches into orbit. [1] April 10 * James L Lyons, jazz promoter, dies at age 77. [1] * Victor Afanasiev, Russian editor-in-chief of Pravda (1976-89), dies at age 71. [1] * Death of Sam B. Hall, American politician (born 1924). [30] April 11 * Johan Block, Dutch aviation pioneer (Martinair/Transavia), dies at age 64. [1] April 12 * Harry la Fontaine, Danish/US resistance fighter/producer, dies at age 81. [1] * Jean Carmet dies at age 72. [1] * Q T Macon, blues vocal/guitar, dies at age 60. [1] April 13

1211

* Donald Benjamin Harden, archaeologist, dies at age 92. [1] * Nikolai Afanassyevich Kryuchkov, actor (Telegram), dies at age 83. [1] * P J Engels, Dutch Member of Parliament (KVP), dies at age 70. [1] * Presidential guard at Kigali, Rwanda, chops 1,200 church members to death. [1] * Robert O van Gennep, Dutch publisher (Guevara, Mandèl), dies at age 56. [1] * Rudolf Hrusinsky, Czechoslovakian actor (Short Cut, Golden Eels), dies at age 72. [1] * Taleb Ali al-Suheil, Iran sheik, murdered in Lebanon at age 64. [1] * Target date for Israeli complete withdrawal, doesn't occur. [1] April 14 * Harry Touw, Dutch comic (Fred Haché Show), dies at age 70. [1] * Selometsi Baholo, vice-premier of Lesotho, murdered. [1] * US F-15 accidentally shoots two US helicopters down over Iraq, 26 die. [1] April 15 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film White Fang 2: Myth of the White Wolf to theaters in the USA. [6] April 16 * John McLiam dies of Parkinson's disease at age 75. [1] * Ralph Waldo Ellison, American writer (Invisible Man), dies at age 80 (born 1914). [1] [30] * Ron Vawter, US actor (Roy Cohn, Silence of the Lambs), dies at age 45. [1] * Samuel Selvon author, dies at age 70. [1] * Voters in Finland decide to join the European Union in a referendum. [30] April 17 * Aruba government of Oduber falls. [1] * Jennie Garth weds Dan Clark. [1] * Peter Hacker, US journalist/actor (NBC, Broadcast News), dies at age 69. [1] * Death of Roger Wolcott Sperry, American neurobiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1913). [30] April 18 * Beauty and the Beast opens at Palace Theater in New York City. [1] * Former US President Richard Nixon suffers a stroke. [1] * Ken Oosterbroek, South African press photographer, shot dead at age 32. [1] * Lebanon drops relations with Iran. [1] April 19

1212

* Inkatha ends boycott of South African multi-racial election. [1] * Larry Davis, blues singer/guitarist, dies at age 57. [1] * Louis Simmonds, bookseller, dies at age 87. [1] * Michael Carreras, film Director, dies at age 67. [1] * Michel van Rooy, Dutch actor (Doctor Vlimmen, The Attack), dies at age 43. [1] * Rodney King awarded US$3,800,000 in compensation for police beating. [1] * US Supreme Court outlaws excluding people from juries because of gender. [1] April 20 * American Telephone & Telegraph changes its company name to AT&T Corporation. [228] * Danny Harold Rolling sentenced to death in Florida for killing five. [1] * Jean Carmet, French actor (Merci la Vie, Le Sucre), dies at age 72. [1] * Serbian army bombs hospital in Goradze, Bosnia, 47 killed. [1] * Sohail and Inzamam make world record ODI partnership of 263. [1] * Space shuttle STS-59 (Endeavour 6), lands. [1] * Paul Touvier is found guilty of ordering the execution of seven Jews when he served in the Vichy France Milice. [30] April 21 * Clement Merk, animal trainer, dies at age 93. [1] * Serbian army bombs distress clinic in Goradze, Bosnia, 28 killed. [1] * The Red Cross estimates that hundreds of thousands of Tutsi have been killed in Rwanda. [30] April 22 * 7,000 Tutsis slaughtered in stadium of Kibuye, Rwanda. [1] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film The Inkwell to theaters in the USA. [6] * Børge Ousland reaches North pole. [1] * D Nauta, theologist/church historian/lawyer, dies at age 96. [1] * Denis Pitts, journalist, dies at age 64. [1] * In Denmark, the largest lollipop is made, weighing 3,011 pounds. [1] * Jack Alexander Bently, trombonist, dies at age 80. [1] * Richard Milhous Nixon, 37th US President (1969-74), dies of stroke at age 81 (born 1913). [1] [5] [30] * Schelto Patijn appointed mayor of Amsterdam. [1] * Schmidt Hans Burkhardt, artist, dies at age 89. [1] April 23 * Army shoots to death 23-40 fishermen in Gonaives, Haiti. [1]

1213

* Cassidy Clinton Cremer, author (John Cremer), murdered at age 30. [1] * Cecile Dreesmann, son of Anton Dreesmann, dies at age 74. [1] * Libertarian party nominates Howard Stern for Governor of New York. [1] April 24 * Armando Calderón Sol wins El Salvador presidential election. [1] April 25 * 14 inches of snow in Southern California. [1] * Bomb attack on taxi stand in Johannesburg, South Africa, 10 killed. [1] * David Langton, British actor (Upstairs Downstairs), dies at age 82. [1] * The largest high school arson ever in the United States is started at Burnsville High School, in Burnsville, Minnesota, resulting in over US$15 million in damages. [30] * Fishing boat with school children capsizes at Lanaka, Syria, 46 killed. [1] * George Gennimatas, Greek minister of National Economy, dies at age 55. [1] * Mexican businessman and billionaire Angel Losada kidnapped. [1] * Talaat Yassin Hamman, militant Muslim leader, shot dead at age 32. [1] * Tsutomu Hata elected premier of Japan. [1] * End of term for Sultan Azlan Muhibbudin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Yusuff Izzudin Shah Ghafarullahu-lahu as 9th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia. [1] [30] April 26 * Tuanku Jaafar ibni Almarhum Tuanku Abdul Rahman, Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan, becomes the 10th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia. [30] * First multi-racial election in South Africa begins; Dr Nomaza Paintin in New Zealand is first black South African to vote. [1] * 26.9 degrees C in Prestebakke, Norway (Norwegian April high temperature record). [1] * Taiwan Airbus A-300 crashes at Nagoya, Japan, 262 killed. [1] April 27 * 29.0 degrees C in Genevad, Sweden (Swedish April high temperature record). [1] * Jerome Lejeune, physiologist, dies at age 69. [1] * John Preston, US writer (Gay House, Big Gay Book), dies at age 48. [1] * Lynne Frederick Unger, actress (Trail of Pink Panther), dies at age 39. [1] * President Richard Nixon buried in Nixon Library in California. [1] April 28 * First multi-racial election in South Africa ends. [1] (April 27 [30]) * Aldrich Ames, former US Central Intelligence Agency officer and wife Rosario plead guilty to spying. [1]

1214

* Freddy Thielemans sworn in as mayor of Brussels, Belgium. [1] April 29 * Bill Quinn, American actor (Quinn Brothers, Birds, Lucky Stiff), dies at age 81. [1] * Erik Erikson, anthropologist, dies at age 53. [1] * Ferry boat smashes into Mombasa Harbor, Kenya, kills over 300. [1] * Israel and Palestinian Liberation Organization sign economic accord. [1] * Oscar Sheldon A Williams, artist/critic, dies at age 74. [1] * Commodore International declares bankruptcy. [30] April 30 * David Langton dies of a heart attack at age 81. [1] * Ferdinando Scarfiotti, Italian set designer (Last Emperor), dies at age 53. [1] * Geoffery Michael Roberts, vintner, dies at age 46. [1] May 1 * Charles Kuralt retires as CBS newsman (On the Road). [1] * Imre Gyöngyössy, Hungarian director, dies at age 64. [1] * Tornado and hail storms hit Jiangxi, China, 95 killed. [1] May 2 * Bus crashes into a tree at Gdansk, Poland, 30 killed. [1] * Dr Kevokian found innocent on assisting suicides. [1] * Louis Calaferte, writer (Requiem of the Innocents), dies at age 65. [1] * Michael Bolton found to have plagiarized Isley Brothers "Love is Wonderful Thing". [1] * Wilson Charles Geoffery Baldwin, hero, dies at age 75. [1] May 3 * The Norwegian government receives a US$1 million ransom demand for the safe return of stolen painting The Scream. [129] * The Walt Disney Company announces plans to start the Disney cruise venture. [69] * 29th Academy of Country Music Awards: Garth Brooks wins. [1] * D66/Dutch Liberal Party wins Dutch second Parliamentary election. [1] * Gustaaf baron van Hemert Dingshof, mayor of Maarn, dies at age 78. [1] * Haty Tegelaar-Boonacker, Dutch Member of Parliament (CDA), dies at age 63. [1] * Milford Dolliole, pioneer jazz drummer, dies at age 90. [1] * Richard McClure Scarry, American author/illustrator of children's books, dies at age 74. [1] * US space probe Clementine launched. [1]

1215

May 4 * In Cairo, Egypt, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Palestinian Liberation Organization Chairman Yasser Arafat sign an accord on the first stage of Palestinian selfrule. This Gaza-Jericho agreement called for certain Israeli military withdrawals, and Palestinian agreements to combat violence. [129] May 5 * Hein Salomonson, architect, dies at about age 83. [1] * Joe Layton, director (Richard Pryor Live on Sunset Strip), dies at age 63. [1] * Labour beats Conservatives in British local elections. [1] * North-Yemen air force bombs Aden, South Yemen. [1] May 6 * A rail tunnel under the English Channel is officially opened, connecting Britain and the European mainland for the first time since the Ice Age. England's Queen Elizabeth II and French President Francois Mitterand preside over the opening ceremony. The channel tunnel, the world's longest undersea tunnel (23 miles), connects Folkstone, England, with Sangatte, France, cutting travel time between England and France to 35 minutes. Tunnel construction began in June 1988, and cost US$16 billion to complete. [1] [30] [129] * Fred Sadoff, actor (Quiet American), dies of AIDS at age 67. [1] * Haskell "Cool Papa" Sadler, blues singer/guitarist, dies at age 59. [1] * Helen Lessore, artist, dies at age 86. [1] * US House of Representatives passes the assault weapons ban. [1] * Montague Modlyn, broadcaster, dies at age 72. [1] * Moses Rosen, Romania's chief rabbi, dies at age 81. [1] * Nelson Mandela and his African National Congress finally confirmed winners in South Africa. [1] May 7 * Clement Greenberg, American art critic (Art and Culture), dies at age 85 (born 1909). [1] [30] * Norway's most famous painting, The Scream by Edvard Munch, is recovered from a hotel in Asgardstrand, about 40 miles south of Oslo. [1] [129] * Margaret Skeete, oldest American, dies at age 115. [1] May 8 * 500th commentary by Andy Rooney on 60 Minutes. [1] * Cobina W "Coby" Molenaar, peace activist, dies at age 88. [1] * Ernesto Pérez Balladares elected President of Panamá. [1] * George Peppard, American actor (Breakfast at Tiffanys, A-Team), dies at age 65 (born 1928). [1] [30]

1216

* José Maria Figueres becomes President of Costa Rica. [1] * President Clinton announces US will no longer repatriate boat people. [1] * Rupert Haselden, journalist/screenwriter, dies at age 36. [1] * Steven Keats, actor (Death Wish), dies of apparent suicide at age 48. [1] May 9 * Massachusetts murderer Joel Rifkind found guilty in New York. [1] May 10 * Illinois executes serial killer John Wayne Gacy (age 52) by lethal injection for the murder of 33 young men and boys. [1] [30] * Lucebert [J Swaanswijk], poet/cartoonist (PC Hooft 1967), dies at age 69. [1] * Nelson Mandela is inaugurated as South Africa's president. [1] [30] [129] * Phyllis Flowerdew, school Reading text author, dies at age 81. [1] * An annular eclipse of the sun is visible across much of North America. [30] * Silvio Berlusconi forms Italian Government with five neo-fascists. [1] May 11 * Grease opens at Eugene O' Neill Theater in New York City for 1,503 performances. [1] * Six white racists sentenced to death in South Africa. [1] * Alfred James Broomhall, methodist missionary, dies at age 82. [1] * Danny Overbea, blues singer/guitarist, dies at age 68. [1] * Leonard Friedman, violinist, dies at age 63. [1] * Lewis B Puller, US writer (Pulitzer 1992), commits suicide at age 48. [1] * Timothy Carey dies of stroke at age 64. [1] May 12 * Alfred Lane Beit, connoisseur, dies at age 91. [1] * David Brooks, psychologist, dies at age 91. [1] * Helen Lee Mai, Hong Kong actress, dies at age 63. [1] * U.K. Labour Party leader John Smith, 55, dies of a heart attack. Deputy leader Margaret Beckett stands in until an election can be held. [1] [30] May 13 * Buena Vista Pictures generally releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film When a Man Loves a Woman to theaters in the USA. [6] * Arthur Basil Cotle, medievalist, dies at age 77. [1] * Ruth Gillette, actress (Wild Gold), dies of cancer at age 88. [1] * The Israeli Defense Forces withdraw from Jericho. [129]

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May 14 * Leonard Teale, Australian actor/reciter (Homicide), dies. [1] May 15 * Frederik baron van Pallandt, Danish singer (Nina and F), murdered at age 61. [1] * Gilbert Roland, Mexican/American actor (Armand in Camille), dies at age 88 (born 1905). [1] [30] * Ronnie Potsdammer, singer/song/text writer/programmer, dies at age 71. [1] * Royal Dano, actor (Ghoulies 2), dies of a heart attack at age 71. [1] * [Henry] John Baker, resistance fighter/journalist (Slogan), dies at age 79. [1] May 16 * Alain Cuny, actor (Lovers, Emanuelle, Camille Claudel), dies. [1] * Jacqueline Onassis admitted to the hospital for cancer treatment. [1] * Joaquín Balaguer (86), elected President of Dominican Republic. [1] * Phani Majumdar, film director, dies at age 82. [1] * Vasek Simek, Czechoslovakia/American actor (Green Card, Mistress), dies at age 66. [1] May 17 * Alain Cuny [René X Marie], French actor (La Dolce Vita), dies at age 85. [1] * Andrew Brown, film producer, dies at age 55. [1] * Bakili Muluzi's UDF wins Malawi presidents/parliamentary election. [1] * Donald Keith Falkner, singer, dies at age 94. [1] * William Noel Moffat, architect, dies at age 82. [1] * Malawi holds its first multiparty elections. [30] May 18 * (to May 19) The Israeli Defense Forces withdraw from most of the Gaza Strip. [1] [129] * Tropical Butterfly Garden at Cleveland Metroparks Zoo opens. [1] May 19 * Final Episode of TV show L.A. Law after 8 year run. [1] * Henry Morgan, TV panalist (To Tell the Truth), dies of cancer at age 74. [1] * Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis. first lady (1961-63), dies of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at age 64 (born 1929). [1] [30] * Jacques Cesar Ellul, writer, dies at age 82. [1] May 20

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* Dallas Pratt, collector, dies at age 79. [1] * Ronald Russell, actor/manager (We Are Angels), dies at age 83. [1] * Sony Theaters and Cineplex (New York City) hike movie ticket prices to $8.00. [1] * Vivien John, artist, dies at age 79. [1] May 21 * Cliff Wilson, snooker player, dies at age 60. [1] * Forsyth Hardy, documentary film pioneer, dies at age 84. [1] * Giovanni Goria, Prime Minister of Italy (1987-88), dies. [1] * Death of Johan Hendrik Weidner, Belgian World War II resistance fighter (born 1912). [1] [30] * South Yemen secedes from Yemen. [1] * Sushmita Sen, 18, of India, crowned 43rd Miss Universe. [1] May 22 * Frederick Hemming McClintock, criminologist, dies at age 68. [1] * Mitacq [Michel Tacq], Belgian comic strip artist (Beaver Patrol), dies. [1] May 23 * 270 pilgrims die in bustle round Mina Saudi-Arabia. [1] * Carl Althoff, German circus director, dies at age 82. [1] * Joe Pass, US jazz guitarist (The Trio), dies at age 65. [1] * Roman Herzog elected President of Germany. [1] [37] May 24 * Jean-Pierre E Plooij, Dutch writer (Bird House), dies at age 48. [1] * John Barrington Wain, author, dies at age 69. [1] * Sandor Lakatos, Hungarian violist/orchestra leader, dies at age 69. [1] * Yehuda Mor-Mirkovsky, Israeli kibbutz-founder, dies at age 96. [1] May 25 * Eric Gale, guitarist, dies at age 55. [1] May 26 * George Wildman Ball, under minister of Foreign affairs, dies at age 84. [1] * Michael Jackson (35) weds Elvis' daughter Lisa Marie Presley (26). [1] * Warren Harding "Sonny" Sharrock, US free-jazz Guitarist, dies at age 53. [1] May 27

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* Alexander Solzhenitsyn returns to Russia after 20 years in exile. [1] * Norman Cook, British museum curator, dies at age 87. [1] * Red Rodney [Albino Red/The Red Arrow], bebop-trumpeter, dies at age 66. [1] * Theo Swagemakers, portrait painter, dies at age 95. [1] May 28 * Cafe American last airs on NBC-TV. [1] * Rita Gillespie, TV director, dies at age 65. [1] May 29 * Erich Honecker, President of German Democratic Republic (1971-89), dies in Santiago, Chile at age 81 (born 1912). [1] [30] [37] * Great comet-iceball seen above North Sea. [1] * Harry Levin, literary Scholar, dies at age 81. [1] * Hungary's Socialist Party wins parliamentary election. [1] * Jose Bohr, actor (El Traidor, Sueno de Amor), dies at age 92. [1] * Joseph Janni, producer, dies at age 78. [1] * Oliver "Bops Junior" Jackson, drummer, dies at age 61. [1] May 30 * Ezra Taft Benson, US minister of Agriculture/leader of Mormon Church (1985-94), dies at age 94. [1] * Jean Gattegno, translator/scholar, dies at age 58. [1] * Juan Carlos Onetti, Uruguayan writer (La vida breve), dies at age 85. [1] * Baron Marcel Bich, Italian/French baron/pen manufacturer (Bic), dies at age 79. [1] May 31 * Emmanuel "Manny" Klein, trumpeter, dies at age 86. [1] * Herva Nelli, soprano, dies at age 85. [1] * Sidney Gilliat, British screenwriter/director, dies at age 86. [1] June 2 * In South of Jawa, Indonesia, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake occurs. At least 250 people killed, 27 missing, 423 injured and many left homeless. About 1,500 houses damaged or destroyed and 278 boats sunk or damaged. Most of the casualties and damage were caused by a tsunami along the southeast coast of Jawa. [53] June 3

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* Buena Vista Pictures releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Renaissance Man to theaters in the USA. [6] June 5 * In Taiwan, a magnitude 6.4 earthquake occurs. [53] June 6 * In Colombia, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake occurs. At least 295 people killed, 500 missing, 13,000 homeless and severe damage caused to houses, highways and bridges by the earthquake and ensuing landslides. [53] * (to June 8) Ceasefire negotiations for the Yugoslav War begin in Geneva, Switzerland; they agree to a one-month cessation of hostilities. [30] June 9 * In Northern Bolivia, a magnitude 8.2 earthquake occurs. Felt at many locations in North America, including Los Angeles, California; Boston, Massachusetts and Toronto, Canada. This is believed to be the first earthquake from this part of South America to be felt in North America and is also believed to be the largest ever recorded in this general area. [53] * Death of Jan Tinbergen, Dutch economist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1903). [30] June 12 * Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman are murdered outside the Simpson home in Los Angeles, California. O.J. Simpson is later acquitted of the killings, but is held liable in a civil suit. [30] * Death of Menachem Mendel Schneerson, the Lubavitcher Rebbe (born 1902). [30] June 14 * Death of Henry Mancini, American composer and arranger (born 1924). [30] * Hacker Kevin Poulsen pleads guilty to seven counts of mail fraud, wire and computer fraud, money laundering, and obstruction of justice. [30] June 15 * Israel and the Vatican establish full diplomatic relations. [30] * Death of Kristen Pfaff, American bassist (Hole) (born 1967). [30] June 17 * NFL star O.J. Simpson and his friend Al Cowlings flee from police in Simpson's white Ford Bronco. The low speed chase, which unfolds live on television, ends up at

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Simpson's mansion in Brentwood, Los Angeles, California, where he then surrenders to police. [30] June 18 * In South Island, New Zealand, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake occurs. [53] June 20 * Death of Jay Miner, American computer pioneer (born 1932). [30] June 24 * Buena Vista Pictures generally releases the animated feature film The Lion King to theaters in the USA. (On its first weekend, it grosses US$41 million, a record for an animated film. World theater gross receipts: US$770 million.) [6] June 28 * Members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult release a sarin gas attack at Matsumoto, Japan. Seven persons killed, 660 injured. [30] June 29 * Death of Kurt Eichhorn, German conductor (born 1908). [30] * In Charlotte Pass, New South Wales, an Australian record cold temperature of -9.4 degrees F is recorded. [54] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Touchstone Pictures / Caravan Pictures live-action feature film I Love Trouble to theaters in tha USA. [6] July 1 * Palestinian Liberation Organization Chairman Yasser Arafat arrives in Gaza. [129] July 6 * Fourteen firefighters die in the South Canyon wildfire on Storm King Mountain in Colorado. [30] July 7 * Aden is occupied by troops from North Yemen. [30] July 8 * Death of Dick Sargent, American actor (born 1930). [30]

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* Death of Kim Il-sung, President of North Korea (born 1912). [30] [246.60] July 11 * Gary Kildall dies in a bar brawl, at age 52. He was a microcomputer industry visionary and pioneer, most well-known for creating the CP/M operating system. [4] [30] July 12 * The German Constitutional Court (Verfassungsgericht) judges that German troops may participate outside of Germany in security missions. [37] * American president Bill Clinton visits Berlin and states to the Berliners, "America stands at your side - now and forever." [37] July 13 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Walt Disney Pictures / Caravan Pictures live-action feature film Angels in the Outfield to theaters in the USA. [6] July 15 * (to July 21) The planet Jupiter is hit by 21 large fragments of Comet ShoemakerLevy 9. [5] [30] * Microsoft reaches a settlement with the US Department of Justice regarding alleged monopolistic operating system licensing practices. Microsoft agrees to change some of its practices of how it sells its operating systems to vendors in the United States and Europe. (Judge Stanley Sporkin rejects the decree in February, but Judge Thomas Jackson approves it in August 1995.) [4] July 18 * In Buenos Aires, a terrorist attack destroys a building housing several Jewish organizations, killing 85 and injuring many more. [30] July 25 * Israel and Jordan sign the Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace, which formally ends the state of war that has existed between the nations since 1948. [30] July 29 * The German Bundestag votes to privatize the postal system. The postal service, the telephone service and the postal bank are to be privatized by January 1, 1995. [37] * Death of Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1910). [30]

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August 1 * Fire destroys Norwich Central Library in the United Kingdom, including most of its historical records. [30] * The University of London founds the School of Advanced Study, a group of postgraduate research institutes. [30] August 3 * Tokyo Disneyland welcomes its 150 millionth guest. [6] August 5 * Groups of protesters spread from Havana, Cuba's Castillo de la Punta ("Point Castle"), creating the first protests against Fidel Castro's government since 1959. [30] August 7 * Death of Larry Martyn, comedy actor (born 1934). [30] August 12 * Woodstock '94 begins in Saugerties, New York. It is the 25-year anniversary of Woodstock in 1969. [30] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film In the Army Now to theaters in the USA. [6] August 13 * Death of Manfred Wörner in Brussels, Belgium of cancer. Wörner was the first German secretary-general of NATO (1988-94). [37] * Death of Elias Canetti, Bulgarian-born writer, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1905). [30] August 18 * In Northern Algeria, a magnitude 5.9 earthquake occurs. At least 159 people were killed, 289 injured, 8,000 to 10,000 left homeless and thousands of houses destroyed in Mascara Province. [53] * Death of Richard Laurence Millington Synge, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1914). [30] August 19 * Death of Linus Pauling, American chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and Peace (born 1901). [5] [30]

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* Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Color of Night to theaters in the USA. [6] August 20 * In Honolulu, Hawaii, during a circus international performance at the Neal Blaisdell Arena, a female elephant named Tyke crushes her trainer Allen Campbell to death before hundreds of horrified spectators. [30] August 24 * Jeffrey Katzenberg resigns from the Walt Disney Company. [6] August 26 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film It's Pat to theaters in the USA. [6] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Camp Nowhere to theaters in the USA. [6] August 31 * The Provisional Irish Republican Army announces a "complete cessation of military operations." [30] * Russian army leaves Estonia. [30] September 2 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film A Simple Twist of Fate to theaters in the US. [6] * The National Corvette Museum opens in Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA. 4000 Corvettes attend. Over the three-day weekend, 118,000 people visit the museum. The gift shop does US$1 million in business. [8] September 3 * Russia and the People's Republic of China agree to de-target their nuclear weapons against each other. [30] September 4 * Kansai International Airport in Osaka, Japan opens. All international services are transferred from Itami to Kansai. [30] September 5

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* New South Wales State Member of Parliament for Cabramatta John Newman is shot outside his home, in Australia's first political assassination since 1977. [30] September 6 * Death of Nicky Hopkins, British musician (born 1944). [30] September 7 * Apple Computer announces its intention to license the Macintosh operating system in 1995. A Mac OS logo is announced, which will be used to identify Mac application programs and Mac-compatible systems. [4] September 8 * USAir Flight 427, a Boeing 737 with 132 people on board, crashes on approach to Pittsburgh International Airport; there are no survivors. [30] September 11 * Death of Jessica Tandy, English actress (born 1909). [5] [30] September 12 * Death of Boris Yegorov, cosmonaut (born 1937). [30] September 13 * US President Bill Clinton signs the Assault Weapons Ban, which bans the manufacture of new weapons with certain features for a period of ten years. [30] September 15 * Disney Chairman Michael Eisner meets with Peter Rummell to discuss the Disney's America project. Projections of revenues and expenses show that the park would operate at a loss. Eisner decides to abandon the idea to build the historical theme park in Virginia, for financial reasons and due to negative press. [6] September 16 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Quiz Show to theaters in the USA. [6] September 17 * Death of Karl Popper, Austrian and British philosopher (born 1902). [30]

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September 19 * American troops stage a bloodless invasion of Haiti in order to restore the legitimate elected leader, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, to power. [30] September 20 * Death of Abioseh Nicol, Sierra Leonean diplomat, United Nations official and author (born 1924). [30] September 22 * The American TV sitcom Friends premieres on NBC. [30] September 23 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Terminal Velocity to theaters in the USA. [6] September 27 * (near midnight) In a storm on the Baltic Sea, the bow door of the ferry Estonia is torn off and the ship sinks. 137 survive, 852 die. The death of 551 Swedes is the largest single loss of Swedish life in modern history. [7] [30] September 30 * Death of Andre Michael Lwoff, French microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1902). [30] October 1 * The name of Euro Disneyland is officially changed to Disneyland Paris. [6] October 3 * Death of Tim Asch, Anthropologist, photographer and ethnographic filmmaker. [30] * Death of Dub Taylor, American actor (born 1907). [30] October 4 * In the Kuril Islands, a magnitude 8.3 earthquake occurs. At least 10 people killed or missing and extensive damage on Iturup; at least 340 people injured and extensive damage occurred along the east coast of Hokkaido, Japan. Felt in the Tokyo area, Japan. Tsunami wave heights up to 3.46m. [53]

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October 5 * In Switzerland, 23 members of the Order of the Solar Temple cult are found dead, a day after 25 of their fellow cultists are similarly discovered dead in Morin Heights, Quebec. [30] * UNESCO inaugurates World Teachers' Day to celebrate and commemorate the signing of the Recommendation Concerning the Status of Teachers on October 5, 1966. [30] October 7 * Death of Niels Kaj Jerne, English immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1911). [30] * Buena Vista Pictures generally releases the film Ed Wood to theaters in the USA. [6] October 8 * The President of the United Nations Security Council says that Iraq must withdraw its troops from the Kuwait border and immediately cooperate with weapons inspectors. [30] October 12 * NASA loses radio contact with the Magellan spacecraft as the probe descends into the thick atmosphere of Venus (the spacecraft presumably burns up in the atmosphere either October 13 or October 14). [30] October 14 * Death of Emil Gilels, Russian pianist (born 1916). [30] * Mosaic Communications makes available the first 0.9 beta test version of the Mosaic Navigator Web browser software as a file download on the Internet. Versions are available for Microsoft Windows, Apple Macintosh, and X Window environments. The software is free for personal use, or US$99 for commercial use. [4] October 15 * After three years of U.S. exile, Haiti's president Aristide returns to his country. [30] * Following threats by the U.N. Security Council and the U.S., Iraq withdraws troops from its border with Kuwait. [30] October 16 * The Federal Republic of Germany holds parliamentary elections. The CDU/CSU gets 41.4 percent of the vote, the SPD 36.4 percent, the FDP 6.9 percent, the Green Party 7.3

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percent. The CDU/CSU-FDP coalition continues. Helmut Kohl (CDU) continues as chancellor. [37] October 19 * Death of Martha Raye, American actress (born 1916). [30] October 20 * Death of Burt Lancaster, American actor (born 1913). [30] October 21 * Death of Benoît Régent, French actor (born 1953). [30] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Robert A. Heinlein's The Puppet Masters to theaters in the USA. [6] October 24 * Death of Raul Julia, Puerto Rican actor (born 1940). [30] October 26 * Walt Disney Home Video releases the animated film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs in the USA. (50 million copies are sold worldwide.) [6] October 28 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film Squanto: A Warrior's Tale to theaters in the USA. [6] October 29 * Francisco Martin Duran fires over two dozen shots at the White House; he is later convicted of trying to kill President Bill Clinton. [30] October 31 * An American Eagle ATR-72 plane crashes in Roselawn, Indiana, after circling in icy weather, killing 64 passengers. [30] * The Duke of Edinburgh attends a ceremony in Israel, where his late mother, Princess Alice of Battenberg, is honoured as "Righteous among the Nations" for sheltering Jewish families from the Nazis in Athens, Greece, during World War II. [30] November 1

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* Noah Beery Jr, actor (The Rockford Files, Quest, Doc Elliot), dies at age 81 in California. [1] November 4 * In San Francisco, California, the first conference devoted entirely to the subject of the commercial potential of the World Wide Web opens. Featured speakers include Marc Andreessen of Netscape, Mark Graham of Pandora Systems, and Ken McCarthy of EMedia. [30] November 5 * A letter by former U.S. President Ronald Reagan is released that announces he has Alzheimer's disease. [30] * Johan Heyns, influential Afrikaner theologian and critic of Apartheid, is assassinated. [30] November 7 * WXYC, the student radio station of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, provides the world's first Internet radio broadcast. [5] * Apple Computer, Motorola, and IBM announce that they will create a computer platform to run all major operating systems, except the Intel x86-based Microsoft Windows 3.1 and successors. To be included are the Mac OS, OS/2, AIX, Solaris, Windows NT, and Netware. [4] November 8 * Georgia Representative Newt Gingrich leads the United States Republican Party in taking control of both the House of Representatives and the Senate in midterm congressional elections. This is the first time in 40 years that the Republicans secure control of both houses of Congress. George W. Bush is elected Governor of Texas. [1] [30] November 9 * The chemical element Darmstadtium is discovered. [5] November 10 * Death of Carmen McRae, American jazz singer (born 1920). [30] November 11

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* Buena Vista Pictures releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film The Santa Clause to theaters in the USA. (North American theater gross receipts: US$144.8 million.) [6] November 13 * Death of Motoo Kimura, Japanese geneticist (born 1924). [30] * The first passengers travel through the Channel Tunnel between England and France. [30] * A country-wide referendum is held to decide if Sweden should join the European Union. 52.2% vote yes, 46.9% vote no. [7] [30] November 14 * In Mindoro, Philippine Islands, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake occurs. At least 78 people killed and 225 injured on Luzon and Mindoro. A local tsunami contributed to extensive damage in the Calapan and Puerto Galera areas. More than 797 houses destroyed and 3,288 damaged on Mindoro. [53] * Death of Tom Villard, American actor (born 1953). [30] November 15 * Helmut Kohl is re-elected German Chancellor by the Bundestag with a vote of 338333. [37] November 16 * Death of Doris Speed, English actress (born 1899). [30] * Death of Dino Valente, American musician (born 1943). [30] * A Federal judge issues a temporary restraining order, prohibiting the State of California from implementing Proposition 187, that would have denied most public services to illegal aliens. [30] November 17 * Irish Taoiseach Albert Reynolds resigns. [1] November 19 * First National Lottery draw in England. [1] November 20 * The Angolan government and UNITA rebels sign the Lusaka Protocol. [30] * Death of John Lucarotti, TV writer (born 1926). [30]

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November 21 * Nintendo releases the Donkey Kong Country video game for the Super NES in the US and Canada. Price is US$69.95. The game was developed by Rare in England. (First week sales amount to US$35 million. 7.4 million copies sell within six months.) [9] November 22 * Sega introduces the Saturn video game system in Japan. It features two 28.6 MHz 32-bit Hitachi SH7064 RISC processors, two video display processors, Hitachi SH7034 processor controlling the double-speed CD-ROM drive, Tamaha FH1 digital signal processor, Motorola 68EC000 sound processor, QSound surround sound, 2 MB main memory, 1.5 MB video memory, 24-bit color in 640x224 resolution, memory cartridge slot, expansion slot. Price is 44800 yen (about US$450). (Sales in the first two days: 250,000.) [9] * Death of Charles Upham, New Zealand soldier, double Victoria Cross winner (born 1908). [30] November 23 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures / Caravan Pictures live-action feature film A Low Down Dirty Shame to theaters in the US. [6] November 28 * Death of Jeffrey Dahmer, American serial killer (murdered in prison) (born 1960). [30] * Death of Buster Edwards, Great train robber (suicide) (born 1932). [30] November 29 * Russian aircraft bomb Chechen capital of Grozney. [1] December 1 * Ernesto Zedillo innaugrated as President of México. [1] * Lionel Stander, actor (Max-Hart to Hart), dies at age 86. [1] * Rober Schumann's second Symphony premieres in London. [1] December 2 * Achille Lauro (Willem Ruys) sinks off the coast of Somalia. [1] * Andrew Lloyd Webber admitted to the hospital for ulcer treatment. [1] * Donald John Urquhart, librarian, dies at age 85. [1] * James Norman Dalrymple Anderson, lawyer, dies at age 86. [1]

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* The Australian government agrees to pay reparations to indigenous Australians who were displaced during the nuclear tests at Maralinga in the 1950s and 1960s. [30] December 3 * Dolf Verspoor, literary/translator (M Nijhoff prize 1958), dies at age 77. [1] * Elizabeth Meyer, wife of Paul Michael Glaser, dies of AIDS at age 47. [1] * Giorgi Chanturia, President of Georgia, assassinated. [1] * Lesley Peacock, jazz photogrpaher/author, dies. [1] * Said Mekbel, Algerian editor in chief (Le Matin), murdered at age 57. [1] * Sony introduces the PlayStation in Japan. It features a 33 MHz 32-bit MIPS R3000A processor, with special audio and graphics functions integrated, geometry coprocessor, 2 MB RAM, 1 MB video RAM. Graphics resolution is 640x480 in 24-bit color. Price is 39800 yen, about US$399. (100,000 systems sell in the first two days.) [9] December 4 * Geoffery Rudolph Elton, historiographer, dies at age 73. [1] * Jakob Kaplan, French head rabbi (1955-81), dies at age 99. [1] * Julio Ramon Ribeyro, Peruvian playwright, dies at age 66. [1] * Robert Jesse Charleston, museum curator, dies at age 78. [1] * Thomas Roy Garrett, museum curator, dies at age 63. [1] December 5 * Harry Horner, Czechoslovakian/US set designer/director (Our Town), dies at age 84. [1] * Richard Brian Waring Barton-Chapple, writer, dies at age 69. [1] * Ronald Ridout, school textbook author, dies at age 78. [1] December 6 * AJ Bronkhorst, vicar/theologist (Reform The Netherlands), dies at age 80. [1] * Alan Owen, English screenplay/actor (Hard Day's Night), dies at age 69. [1] * Gian Maria Volonte, actresss (Fistful of Dollars), dies at age 61. [1] * Maltese Falcon auctioned for US$398,590. [1] * Orange County, California, files for bankruptcy. [1] * Warner Brothers announces a 5th TV network to begin on January 11, 1995. [1] December 7 * 5th Billboard Music Awards. [1] * Elga Andersen, German/French model/actress (Global Affair), dies at age 58. [1] December 8

1233

* Antonio Carlos Jobim, Brazil composer (Girl From Ipanema), dies at age 67 (born 1927). [1] [30] * Fire in cinema in Karamay, China, 310 killed. [1] * Israel Aaron Maisels, lawyer, dies at age 89. [1] * Jesús "Enrique" Líster, Spanish/Russian general (Civil War), dies at age 87. [1] December 9 * 5-metre meteor 1994 XM1 passes within 100,000 km of Earth. [1] * Garnet Silk, Jamaican raggae-singer, dies at age 28. [1] * Kim II Sung, President of North Korea (1945-94), dies at age 82. [1] * Maureen Cox Starkey, ex-wife of Ringo Starr, dies of Leukemia at age 48. [1] * Max Bill, Swiss painter/sculptor/politician, dies at age 85. [1] December 10 * European Campaign against racism "All different, All equal" begins. [1] * Garnett Silk, vocalist, dies at age 28. [1] * George G F van Renesse, concert pianist/music director, dies at age 85. [1] * Keith Joseph, British Member of Parliament (Conservative), dies. [1] * Nobel Prize awarded to Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres, and Yasser Arafat. [1] * Ruth Evelyn Mansfield, doctor, dies at age 92. [1] December 11 * Boris Yeltsin orders troops into Chechnya. [30] * Russian troops pull inside Tsjetsjenië. [1] * Stanislaw Maczek, Polish/British general-major (WWII), dies at age 102. [1] * Yao Yilin, Vice Prime Minister of China (1979), dies. [1] * Death of Philip Phillips, American archaeologist (born 1900). [30] * Death of Carl Marzani, American political documentary filmmaker, author, editor and publisher (born 1912). [30] * A small bomb explodes on Philippine Airlines Flight 434, killing a Japanese businessman. The bombing was a field test done by Ramzi Yousef to test explosives that would have been used in Project Bojinka. [30] December 12 * Antoine Pinay, French Prime Minister (1952)/foreign minister, dies at age 102. [1] * Donna J. Stone, poet, dies of heart failure at age 61. [1] * Herman H Felderhof, radio-announcer/head (NRU/NOS Radio), dies at age 83. [1] * John Edward Caulwell Hearne, writer, dies at age 68. [1] * Stuart Allen Roosa, astronaut (Apollo 14), dies of pancreatitis at age 46 (born 1933). [1] [30] December 13

1234

* American Eagle commuter plane crashes in North Carolina, killing 15. [1] * Antoine Pinay, Prime Minister of France (1952-53), dies. [1] * Herman W "Fritz" Liebert, US librarian/Yale-curator, dies at age 83. [1] * Norman Beaton, actor (Eureka, Black Joy, Mighty Quinn), dies at age 60. [1] * Fred West, 53, a builder living in Gloucester, is remanded in custody, charged with murdering 12 people (including two of his own daughters) whose bodies were mostly found buried at his house in Cromwell Street. His wife Rose West, 41, is charged with 10 murders. Police believe that the murders took place between 1967 and 1987, and suspect that they may have killed up to 30 people. [30] December 14 * Mary Ann McCall, singer, dies at age 75. [1] * Petrus van Doorne, bus manufacturer/owner (BOVA), dies at age 58. [1] * A Learjet piloted by Richard Anderson and Brad Sexton misses an elementary school and crashes into an apartment complex in Fresno, California, killing both pilots and injuring several apartment residents. [30] * British Home Secretary Michael Howard announces that Myra Hindley is to serve a whole life tariff for the Moors Murders of the 1960s. [30] December 15 * Hans de Jong, musician/conductor (Amsterdams Vrouwenkoor), dies at age 86. [1] * Harry Tobias, songwriter, dies at age 99. [1] * Henry Phelps Brown, historian/economist, dies at age 88. [1] * John Bruton becomes Ireland's premier. [1] * Liberia militia kills 48 inhabitants of Monrovia. [1] December 16 * Mary Durack, poet, dies at age 81. [1] * Samuel Lipman, music critic, dies at age 60. [1] December 17 * Jan Wiegel, director/producer (Uninhabitable Country), dies at age 64. [1] * KLM's last DC-10 goes out of service. [1] December 18 * Heinz Bernard Lowenstein, actor/director, dies at age 71. [1] * Lilia Skala, Austrian/US actress (Ship of Fools, Caprice), dies at age 98. [1] * Peter Hebblethwaite, English editor-in-chief (The Month), dies at age 64. [1] * Socialist Party (ex-communist) wins Bulgaria parliamentary election. [1]

1235

December 19 * Noel Pointer, jazz violinist, dies at age 39. [1] * A planned exchange rate correction of the Mexican Peso to the US Dollar becomes a massive financial meltdown in Mexico, unleashing the 'Tequila' effect on global financial markets. This will prompt a US$50 billion 'bailout' by the Clinton administration. [30] * The Whitewater scandal investigation begins in Washington, DC. [30] * Civil unions between homosexuals are made legal in Sweden. [30] December 20 * Dean Rusk, US Secretary of State (1961-69), dies at age 85. [1] * J C "Jody" Bateman, fiddler, dies at age 75. [1] December 21 * A homemade bomb goes off on the #4 train on Fulton Street in New York City. [1] [30] * Shauna McDonald Brown, British TV producer, dies at age 37. [1] December 22 * Italian Prime Minister Berlusconi resigns. [1] December 23 * Charles Shirley, jazz arranger, dies at age 74. [1] * Didier Rocher, son of French cosmetic maker Yves Rocher, dies at age 41. [1] * Nora Dunfree, US actress (Grass Harp), dies at age 78. [1] * Sebastian Lewis Shaw, British actor (High Season, Ace of Spades), dies at age 89 (born 1905). [1] [30] December 24 * Four Muslim fundamentalists capture Air France pilot in Algiers. [1] * Buddy Ace [Jimmy Lee Land], singer, dies at age 57. [1] * John Eastburn Boswell, medievalist, dies at age 47. [1] * John James Osborne (Entertainer Luther), playwright, dies of cardiac arrest at age 65. [1] * John Keith Wright, English Assistant Secretary of State (1971-84), dies at age 66. [1] * Julie Haydon [Donella Donaldson], US actress (Scoundrel), dies at age 84. [1] * Louise H "Lous" Hensen, actress (Uncle Wanja, Charlotte), dies at age 74. [1] * Nathan I. Daniel, inventor (Guitars), dies at age 82. [1] * Rossano Brazzi, Italian resistance fighter/actor (Final Justice), dies at age 78. [1] * Death of John Boswell, American historian (born 1947). [30]

1236

December 25 * Pierre Dreyfus, French director of Renault (1955-75), dies at age 87. [1] * Zail Singh, President of India (1982-87), dies at age 78. [1] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book to theaters in the USA. [6] December 26 * Asta ER Elstak, Suriname/Netherlands welfare worker, dies at age 74. [1] * French anti-terrorist police storm a hijacked Air France jet at Marseille and kill four Islamist terrorists. [1] [30] * Johannes J "Joop" Klant, Netherlands/South African economist/author, dies. [1] * Karl Schiller, minister of RFA Economics (1966-72), dies. [1] * Robert Emhardt, actor (Mac Cory-Another World), dies at age 80. [1] * Sylvia Brandts Buys, actress (Hague's Post), dies at age 85. [1] * Sylvia Koscina, Croatian/Italian actress (Hercules), dies at age 61. [1] December 27 * Hans Berghuis, author/poet (Kleitabletten), dies at age 70. [1] * Karl AF Schiller, West German economist/SPD-minister, dies at age 83. [1] * Sadi de Gorter, Dutch author/diplomat (Abscess), dies at age 82. [1] * Death of Fanny Craddock, British TV chef and restaurant critic (born 1909). [30] December 28 * Julian Belfrage, theatre agent, dies at age 60. [1] * Off the east coast of Honshu, Japan, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake occurs. Two people killed, more than 200 injured and damage in the Hachinohe area. Felt as far away as Tokyo. [53] December 29 * B737-400 flies into a mountain at Edremit East Turkey, 54 killed. [1] * Bangladesh government of Zia resigns. [1] * Billionaire J Paul Getty Jr marries Victoria Holdsworth on Barbados. [1] * Eugene Tanner Jr, singer, dies at age 58. [1] * Frank Thring, Australian actor (El Cid, Ben-Hur), dies at age 68. [1] * Last Dutch electro-magnetic telephone exchange shuts down. [1] December 30 * Lloyd James Austin, french scholar, dies at age 79. [1] December 31

1237

* The Walt Disney Company signs a preliminary agreement to commit up to US$34 million to renovate and lease the New Amsterdam Theater in New York. [6] * Anti-Apartheid Group of Netherlands (AABN) disbands. [1] * The work of the Treuhand Organization is finished and the organization is terminated. The Treuhand oversaw the privatization of property in East Germany. The organization had privatized 14,500 businesses. [37] * BAM "Bob" Schreiner, airline owner (S Aviation Group), dies at age 79. [1] * Harri Webb, poet, dies at age 74. [1] * Leigh Bowery, designer, dies at age 33. [1] * Leo Fuchs, Polish/US Yiddish actor (Story of Ruth), dies at age 83. [1] * Thomas J Watson Jr, CEO (IBM), dies of a stroke at age 79. [1] * This day is skipped by the Phoenix Islands to switch from the UTC-11 time zone to UTC+13, and by the Line Islands to switch from UTC-10 to UTC+14. The latter becomes the earliest time zone in the world, one full day ahead of Hawaii. [30]

1238

1995 January 1 * Austria, Finland, and Sweden enter the European Union. [1] [7] [29] [37] * The Draupner wave in the North Sea in Norway is detected, confirming the existence of freak waves. [29] * Eugene Wigner, physicist (Nobel Prize for physics-1963), dies at age 92 (born 1902). [1] [29] * Fernando Henrique Cardoso installed as President of Brazil. [1] * Frederick West, English contractor/serial killer, commits suicide at age 53. [1] [29] * Jess Stacy, US jazz pianist (Great Gatsby), dies at age 90. [1] * Last "Far Side" by cartoonist Gary Larson (started 1980). [1] * Ted Hawkins, US blues singer (Watch Your Step), dies at age 58. [1] * The World Trade Organization is established to replace GATT. [29] * In Germany, the "Solidaritätszuschlag" (a special tax for rebuilding the East) is introduced and applies to income taxes and corporate taxes. [37] January 2 * Bus crashes in Luzon, Philippines, 29 killed. [1] * Manuel Rivera, Spanish painter/co-founder (El Paso), dies at age 67. [1] * Mohammed Siyad Barre, General/President of Somalia (1969-91), dies at age 84 (born 1919). [1] [29] * Most distant galaxy yet discovered found by scientists using Keck telescope in Hawaii (estimated 15 billion light years away). [1] * Nancy Kelly, US actress (Bad Seed, Submarine Patrol), dies at age 73. [1] January 3 * Al Duncan, drummer, dies at age 68. [1] * Byron MacGregor, newscaster, dies at age 56. [1] * Gerard W Taylor, South African/British surgeon, dies at age 74. [1] * Robert Nesbitt, impresario, dies at age 88. [1] * Vladislav Listiev, Russian talk show host/producer, assasinated. [1] January 4 * D Elmina Davies, filmmaker, dies at age 36. [1] * Dorothy Granger, US actress (Hog Wild, Dentist), dies at about age 80. [1] * Death of Sol Tax, American anthropologist (born 1907). [29] * Eduardo Mata, Mexican conductor, dies in air crash at age 52. [1] * Jonathan Zeitlyn, artist, dies at age 43. [1] * Leonard Hirsch, British violinist/conductor (BBC Empire Orchestra), dies at age 92. [1]

1239

* The 104th US Congress convenes, the first controlled by Republicans in both houses since 1953. Newt Gingrich is speaker of the House. [1] [29] * Robert Clifford Latham Pepys, scholar, dies at age 82. [1] January 5 * Francis Lopez, French dentist/operetta composer (Andalousie), dies at age 78. [1] * Lockheed C-140 Jetstar crashes at Isfahan Persia, 18 killed. [1] * Mansour Satari, Brigadier General/commandant (Iran Air Force), dies at age 46. [1] January 6 * Near the east coast of Honshu, Japan, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurs. [53] * Edward Sutcliffe, judge (British Central Criminal Court), dies at age 77. [1] * (to January 7) A chemical fire occurs in an apartment complex in Manila, Philippines. Policemen and investigators find a bomb factory and a laptop computer and disks that contain plans for Project Bojinka, a mass-terrorist attack. The mastermind, Ramzi Yousef, is arrested a month later. [29] * James Clay, saxophonist, dies at age 59. [1] * Joe Slovo, Latvian/South African attorney/Secretary-General (SACR), dies at age 68. [1] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Houseguest to theaters in the USA. [6] * Karl Guttmann, Austrian/Dutch playwright/director (Pinter), dies at age 81. [1] January 7 * Arthur Leavins, violinist, dies at age 77. [1] * Harry Golombek, chess Grandmaster, dies at age 83. [1] * Larry Grayson, British entertainer (Generation Game), dies at age 71 (born 1923). [1] [29] * Murray Newton Rothbard, economist, dies of cardiac arrest at age 69 (born 1926). [1] [29] * Viktor Vorobyov, Russian General Major, dies in battle. [1] January 8 * Joyce McCartan, peace campaigner, dies at age 68. [1] * Louis "Loulou" Gasté, guitarist/composer (Doggy in the Window), dies at age 88. [1] January 9 * Ecuador and Peru are involved in a boundary fight. [1] * Peter Cook, English comic/actor (Peter n' Dud, Bedazzled), dies at age 57 (born 1937). [1] [29] * Souphanouvong [Red Prince], President of Laos (1975-87), dies at age 85. [1]

1240

* Valeri Polyakov completes 366 days in space while aboard the Mir space station, breaking a duration record. [29] January 10 * Late Late Show with Tom Snyder premieres on CBS in the USA at 12:30 AM. [1] * Elaine Greene, literary agent, dies at age 74. [1] * Halton Kathleen Tynan, writer, dies at age 57. [1] January 11 * 5th TV network (WB) Warner Brothers begins (WPIX-TV in New York City, New York). [1] * Adrian J "Ad" Kaland, Dutch Member of Parliament (CDA 1977-93), dies at age 72. [1] * DC-9 crashes near Maria La Baya, Colombia: 51 die, 9-year-old girl lives. [1] * John AG Gere, English art historian (Raphael and his Circle), dies at age 73. [1] * Onat Kutlar, Turkish screenplay/producer (Hazal), murdered at age 59. [1] * Willem N "Pim" Koot, pianist (Concert Building), dies at age 76. [1] January 12 * George Price, cartoonist (New Yorker), dies at age 93. [1] * Major earthquake kills 5,092 in Kobe, Japan. [1] * Marion Herbst, German/Dutch jewelry designer, dies at age 50. [1] * Murder trial against OJ Simpson begins in Los Angeles, California. [1] * Pope John Paul II begins visit to Southeast Asia. [1] January 13 * Arnold Smith, painter (Vigelius Prize 1935), dies at age 89. [1] * Arthur Mervyn Stockwood, bishop, dies at age 81. [1] * Maxwell Henley Harris, Austrian poet/publisher (Critics), dies at age 73. [1] * Ruby Starr, vocalist (Grey Ghost), dies of brain tumor at age 44. [1] January 14 * Over 10,000 South Africans attend state funeral of Joe Slovo. [1] * 16th ACE Cable Awards: HBO wins 23 awards. [1] * Alexander Gibson, British conductor/founder (Scottish Opera), dies at age 68. [1] * Mark Finch, film festival organizer, dies at age 33. [1] * Stafford William Somerfield, newspaper editor, dies at age 84. [1] January 15 * Sollie McElroy, singer, dies at age 61. [1]

1241

January 16 * UPN (Universal-Parmount Network) begins telecasting. [1] * William Dillard, trumpeter/singer, dies at age 83. [1] * An avalanche hits the village Súðavík in Iceland, killing 14 people. [29] January 17 * A magnitude 6.9 earthquake called the "Great Hanshin earthquake" occurs near Kobe, Japan. 5502 people killed, 36,896 injured, over 200,000 buildings damaged or destroyed. Over 90 percent of the casualties occurred along the southern coast of Honshu between Kobe and Nishinomiya. [1] [29] [53] * Isador Caplan, lawyer/Aldeburgh Festival pioneer, dies at age 82. [1] * Urias Nooteboom, Dutch journalist/critic (The Time), dies at age 54. [1] January 18 * Adolf F J Butenandt, German bio-chemist (Nobel Prize for Chemistry 1939), dies at age 91 (born 1903) in Munich, Germany. [1] [29] [37] * Charles Baskerville, vocalist, dies at age 54. [1] * Joseph Kagan, businessman, dies at age 79. [1] * Pope John Paul II begins visit to Australia. [1] January 19 * Eugene Fuller, polymath/linguist, dies at age 80. [1] * In Colombia, a magnitude 6.5 earthquake occurs. Five people killed, several injured and at least 20 major buildings damaged in the Bogota area. Felt in much of Colombia and western Venezuela and as far as Caracas, Venezuela. [53] * Jean-Claude Juncker (28) sworn in as premier of Luxembourg. [1] January 20 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Bad Company to theaters in the USA. [6] * John Halas, Hungarian/US cartoonist (Animal Farm), dies at age 81. [1] * Mehdi Bazargan, director Iranian oil corp/premier (1979), dies at age 86. [1] * Robert Shaw, town planner, dies at age 81. [1] January 21 * 52th Golden Globes: Forrest Gump, Tom Hanks, Jessica Lange, Brad Pitt. [1] * Flavio "Negao" Pires da Conceicao, drug trafficker, dies at age 25. [1] * John Halas, animator, dies at age 82. [1]

1242

January 22 * Christopher Francis Palmer, orchestrater/author, dies at age 48. [1] * Mahmoud Sayed Selim, Egyptian Muslim leader, shot to death at age 29. [1] * Margaret Barbara Lambert, British historian (Saar), dies at age 88. [1] * Nico Adriaans, founder of Rotterdam Junkiebond, dies of AIDS at age 37. [1] * Palestinian bomb attack in Beit Lid, Israel, 21-22 killed. [1] * Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, mother of President John F Kennedy, dies at age 104 (born 1890). [1] [29] January 23 * Harold Collett Dent, journalist/educationist, dies at age 100. [1] * Ken Hill, playwright/director, dies at age 57. [1] * Michael Whalley Wickham, artist, dies at age 91. [1] * Peter Ambrose Cyprian Luke, playwright, dies at age 75. [1] January 24 * Ian Prestt, English ornithologist, dies at age 65. [1] * Victor Reinganum, artist, dies at age 87. [1] * Wim H Sinnige, Amsterdam PvdA alderman of Finance, dies at age 60. [1] January 25 * A rocket launched from the space exploration centre at Andøya, Norway is briefly interpreted by the Russians as an incoming attack. [29] * Jacques Santer succeeds Jacques Delors as chairman of European Committee. [1] * Peter Black, TV critic, dies at age 82. [1] * Tom Brugman, Dutch puppeteer (Brave Dodo), dies at age 62. [1] * William Sylvester, actor (2001, Devil Doll, Blind Corner), dies at age 72. [1] January 26 * Bernardo Leighton, Chilean politician (1964-70), dies. [1] * Geoffrey Penwill Parsons, Australian/British piano accompanist, dies at age 65. [1] * Louis Heren, journalist, dies at age 65. [1] January 27 * Halsey S Colchester, British SAS/MI6-spy/priest, dies at age 76. [1] * Jean Tardieu, author, dies at age 91. [1] * Willem R "Wim" van der Zee, General-Secretary Council of Churches, dies at age 64. [1] January 28

1243

* Barrie Wilson, academic, dies at age 59. [1] * George Woodcock, author, dies at age 82. [1] * James P Grant, US director of UNICEF (1980-95), dies at age 72. [1] * Jim Gilbert, artist, dies at age 61. [1] * Philip H Burton Welsh, producer/Richard Burton's teacher, dies at age 80. [1] * Walter Ernest Allen, writer/critic, dies at age 83. [1] January 29 * Arthur Guy Clutton-Brock, English agronomist (Rhodesia), dies at age 88. [1] * Chris de Marigny, painter/designer, dies at age 52. [1] * Raymond Joseph Cecil, British architect, dies at age 69. [1] * Tatachilla Lutheran College officially opens at McLaren Vale, South Australia. [29] January 30 * 22nd American Music Awards: Boyz II Men and Ace of Base win. [1] * Belgium's TV channel 2 in Flanders goes on the air. [1] * Car bomb explodes in Algiers, 42 killed, 296 injured. [1] * George Richard James, saxophonist, dies at age 88. [1] * Gerald M Durrell, British zoologist/author (Mockery Bird)/television presenter, dies at age 70 (born 1925). [1] [29] * Kevin Eubanks officially becomes band leader of American TV's The Tonight Show. [1] January 31 * George Abbott, playwright/actor/producer (Damn Yankees), dies at age 107 (born 1887). [1] [29] * U.S. President Bill Clinton invokes emergency powers to extend a $20 billion loan to help Mexico avert financial collapse. [29] * James Johnson, English Member of Parliament (Labour, 1950-83), dies at age 86. [1] February 1 * Amtrak New York-Tampa run ends. [1] * Belgium's TV channel VT4 goes on the air. [1] * Michael Caesar, pope of pot, dies of liver cancer at age 52. [1] February 2 * Alexis d'Anjou de Bourbon-Condé, French prince/Russian, dies at age 47. [1] * André Frossard, French publicist (Defense of Pope), dies at age 80. [1] * David Kindersley, alphabet designer/cutter, dies at age 79. [1] * Donald Pleasance, English actor (Halloween), dies at age 75 (born 1919). [1] [29]

1244

* Phillip Borsos, Tasmanian/Canadian director (Mean Season), dies. [1] * Robert L Haller, coon dog trainer, dies at age 32. [1] February 3 * John Pinsent, classical scholar, dies at age 72. [1] * US space shuttle mission STS 63 (Discovery 19) launches into orbit. [1] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Miami Rhapsody to theaters in the US. [6] * Turner Fodrell, blues singer/guitarist, dies at age 66. [1] February 4 * Betty Davis, British dance teacher of Dame Margot Fonteyn, dies. [1] * Patricia Highsmith [Mary Patricia Plangman], US/Swiss author, dies at age 74 (born 1921). [1] [29] February 5 * Courtenay E Benson, broadcaster, dies at age 79. [1] * Doug Mcclure, US rodeo rider/actor (Trampas-Virginian), dies at age 59. [1] * Frans Köhler, Dutch painter, dies at age 59. [1] * Frederick Craig Riddle, violinist, dies at age 82. [1] * Japan's Shinshinto Party win local elections. [1] * Judith Fluks, Amsterdam's activist, dies. [1] * Kimberley Leston, journalist, dies at age 35. [1] February 6 * Arthur S Taylor Jr, US drummer/author (Notes on notes), dies at age 65. [1] * James Ingram Merrill, US poet (Braving the elements), dies at age 68. [1] February 7 * Helen Wallis, cartographer/librarian, dies at age 70. [1] * Massimo Pallottino, Italian archaeologist (Etruscologia), dies at age 86. [1] February 8 * 6.4 earthquake at Trujillo, Colombia (46+ killed). [1] * In Colombia, a magnitude 6.4 earthquake occurs. 42 people killed, nearly 400 injured, and over 2,000 buildings damaged or destroyed in the Cali-Pereira area. Felt throughout Colombia. [53] * B G Hooghoudt, radio-telescope builder (Dwingeloo/Westerbork), dies at age 70. [1] * Wilhelm J Soukop, Austrian/British sculptor, dies at age 88. [1]

1245

February 9 * David Wayne [Wayne Mcmeekan], US actor (Dallas), dies at age 81. [1] * J William Fulbright, (Senator-Democrat-Arkansas)/anti-Vietnam War, dies at age 89. [1] * Dr. Bernard A. Harris, Jr. and Michael Foale become the first African American and Briton, respectively, to walk in space (mission STS-63). [29] February 10 * Chelsi Smith, 21, Miss Texas, crowned 44th Miss USA. [1] * Kenton Kilmer, poet/translator, dies at age 85. [1] * Louis Sen A Kaw, Suriname's great dam builder, dies at age 75. [1] * Paul Monette, writer, dies at age 49. [1] * S van der Linde, church historian, dies at age 89. [1] February 11 * Space shuttle STS-63 (Discovery 19), lands. [1] February 12 * Death of Robert Bolt, English writer (born 1924). [29] (February 21 [1]) * L Jansma Fries, publisher (Friese stamp), dies. [1] * Earring George Mayweather, blues harmonica player, dies at age 66. [1] * PRI loses/PAN wins Mexican regional elections. [1] * Rachid Mimouni, Algerian author (L'Honneur de la Tribu), dies at age 49. [1] * Terence Beckles, pianist/teacher, dies at age 82. [1] * Tony Secunda, rock band manager, dies at age 54. [1] February 13 * Abdelhafid Said, Algerian student leader, murdered. [1] * A United Nations tribunal on human rights violations in the Balkans charges 21 Bosnian Serb commanders with genocide and crimes against humanity. [29] * Azeddine Medjoubi, head of Algerian national theater, murdered at age 49. [1] * Joan A C Ramsey nee Hamilton, lady Ramsey of Canterbury, dies at age 84. [1] * Wilton "Bogey" Gaynair, saxophonist, dies at age 68. [1] February 14 * Alberto Burri, Italian physician/sculptor/painter, dies at age 79. [1] * Ischa Meÿer, journalist/critic/entertainer/interviewer, dies at age 52. [1] * Michael Vincent Gazzo, US actor/playwright (Godfather II), dies at age 71. [1] * Nigel Lucius Graeme Finch, TV Director/film-maker, dies at age 45. [1] * Patricia Highsmith, writer, dies at age 74. [1]

1246

* Roger de Grey, English chairman of Royal Academy (1984-93), dies at age 76. [1] * Siem Suurhoff, TV-director (Behind the News, Sonja), dies at age 58. [1] * U Nu, Prime Minister of Burma (1948-56, 1957-58, 1960-62), dies (born 1907). [1] [29] February 15 * Kevin Mitnick is arrested by the FBI and charged with breaking into some of the United States' most "secure" computers systems. [5] [29] * Taiwan's deadliest fire at a karaoke restaurant in Taichung kills 64. [29] * Burundi premier Anatole Kanyenkiko resigns. [1] * Francis Taylor, builder, dies at age 90. [1] * Joseph Ortiz, French-Algerian extremist/rebel, dies at age 77. [1] * Lord Taylor of Hadfield, British president of Taylor Woodrow Group, dies at age 90. [1] * Nabila Diahnine, Algerian architect/feminist, murdered at age 33. [1] * Population of People's Republic of China hits 1.2 billion. [1] * Sahnoun Jawhari, Tunisian Annahda-leader, dies at age 40 in jail. [1] * Viscount Camrose, British large landowner/Conservative, dies. [1] February 16 * John Everett Allen, US businessman, dies at age 91. [1] * Martin Soames, traveller, dies at age 91. [1] February 17 * Colin Ferguson is convicted of six counts of murder for the December 1993 Long Island Rail Road shootings and later receives a 200+ year sentence. [1] [29] * Federal judge allows lawsuit claiming US tobacco makers knew nicotine was addictive and manipulated its levels to keep customers hooked. [1] * Jan Bart Klaster, music editor (The Slogan), dies at age 50. [1] * Thelma Hulbert, painter, dies at age 81. [1] * Timothy Hugh Brown, theatre critic, dies at age 52. [1] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film Heavyweights to theaters in the USA. [6] * Uta Graf, singer/teacher, dies at age 80. [1] February 18 * Calder Willingham, US scriptwriter (End as a Man), dies at age 72. [1] * Denny Cordel, rock music producer-Laverack, dies at age 51. [1] * Eddie Williams, blues/Jazz Bassist, dies at age 82. [1] * John Rhea "Yank" Lawson, US jazz trumpeteer (Stormy weather), dies at age 83. [1] * Pamela Anderson (TV show Baywatch) and Tommy Lee (rock group Motley Crüe) wed. [1]

1247

* Disney releases the film The Lion King on videocassette in the US, for US$26.99. (Twenty million copies are sold in the first week.) [6] February 19 * Calder Willingham, novelist/scriptwriter, dies at age 72. [1] * Ian Ball, photographer, dies at age 80. [1] * Kenneth Koch wins Bollingen Prize. [1] * Michael Tippett's "Rose Lake" premieres. [1] * Shlomo Averbach, Israeli ultra-orthodox rabbi, dies at age 84. [1] February 20 * John Humphreys Whitfield, Italianist, dies at age 88. [1] * Shlomo Averbach, Rabbi, buried in Jerusalem, 250,000 attend. [1] February 21 * RAF-pilot Jo Salter is first woman to fly in a tornado. [1] * Steve Fossett lands in Leader, Saskatchewan, Canada, becoming the first person to make a solo flight across the Pacific Ocean in a balloon. [29] (February 22 [1]) * Serkadji prison mutiny in Algeria: Four guards and 96 prisoners are killed in a day and a half. [1] [29] February 22 * Ed Flanders, actor (Dr Westphall-St Elsewhere), commits suicide at age 60. [1] * Elfi Althoff-Jacobi, Austrian circus director, dies at age 80. [1] * Lembarek Boumaarafi, Algerian murderer of President Boudiaf, dies. [1] * Death of Melvin English Franklin, American singer at age 52 (born 1942). [29] (February 23 [1]) February 23 * Antoine Nduwayo appointed Premier of Burundi. [1] * Art Kane, photographer, dies at age 69. [1] * The Dow Jones Industrial Average gains 30.28 to close at 4,003.33 - the Dow's first ever close above 4,000. [1] [29] * James Herriot, Scot veterinarian and author (All Creatures Great and Small), dies at age 78 (born 1916). [1] [29] * Norman Hunter, writer, dies at age 95. [1] * Peter Guy Wykeham, fighter pilot-Barnes dies at age 79. [1] * In Taiwan, a magnitude 6.2 earthquake occurs. [53] * In Cyprus, a magnitude 5.9 earthquake occurs. Felt throughout Cyprus. Also felt in northern Israel and Lebanon. [53]

1248

February 24 * Richard Nicholson, musician, dies at age 89. [1] February 25 * Bomb attack on train in Assam, India (27 soldiers killed). [1] * Jack Clayton, British director (Great Gatsby), dies at age 73. [1] * Muslim fundamentalists shoot 20 Shiite mosque goers dead. [1] * Oh Jin Woo, Korean minister of defense, dies. [1] * Terence Weil, cellist/teacher, dies at age 73. [1] February 26 * The United Kingdom's oldest investment banking firm, Barings Bank, collapses after securities broker Nick Leeson loses US$1.4 billion by speculating on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. [1] [29] February 27 * In Denver, Colorado, the old Stapleton Airport closes; it is replaced by a new Denver International Airport, the largest airport in the United States. [29] * Bernard Cornfield, financier, dies at age 67. [1] * Car bomb explodes in Zakho, North-Iraq (54-80 killed). [1] * Philip Sherrington, opus Dei Priest, dies at age 51. [1] February 28 * Members of the group Patriot's Council are convicted in Minnesota of manufacturing ricin. [29] * Denver International Airport opens in Colorado, USA. [1] * Herman "Ace" Wallace, blues guitarist/singer, dies at age 69. [1] * Max Rudolf, conductor, dies at age 92. [1] March 1 * 37th Grammy Awards: "All I Want to Do", "Streets of Philadelphia", Sheryl Crow. [1] * Belgium ends military conscript. [1] * Edmund Boyd Fisher, publisher, dies at age 56. [1] * Polish Prime Minister Waldemar Pawlak resigns from Parliament and is replaced by ex-communist Jozef Oleksy. [1] [29] * Muntinlupa City, Philippines, officially becomes a city. [29] * Julio María Sanguinetti sworn in as President of Uruguay. [1] * Ukraine premier Vitaly Massol resigns. [1]

1249

* In Moscow, Russian anti-corruption journalist Vladislav Listyev is killed by a gunman. [1] [29] * Yahoo! is founded in Santa Clara, California. [29] * Death of Georges Köhler in Feiburg, Germany; won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1984. [37] March 2 * British stock trader Nick Leeson is arrested for collapse of Barings Bank PLC. [1] [29] * Ferry boat sinks off Sumbe Angola, 42+ killed. [1] * Hugo Cole, musician/critic, dies at age 77. [1] * Space shuttle STS-67 (Endeavour 8), launches. [1] * Vladislav Listyev, TV journalist, dies at age 48. [1] March 3 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film Man of the House to theaters in the USA. [6] * The Indiana Jones Adventure - Temple of the Forbidden Eye ride opens in Adventureland at Disneyland. This is the largest attraction at Disneyland. [6] * Camilla Parker Bowles and her husband Andrew divorce. [1] * Gilbert Gadoffre, French scholar, dies at age 84. [1] * Death of Howard W. Hunter, fourteenth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (born 1907). [1] [29] * Howard Yanks, founder of the Philadelphia folk festival, dies at age 65. [1] * Pierre Tisseyre, publisher (Circle du livre de France), dies at age 85. [1] * In Somalia, the United Nations peacekeeping mission ends. [29] * Shiv Verma, soldier, dies at age 85. [1] March 4 * Blind teenage boy receives a 'Bionic Eye' at a Washington Hospital. [1] * Eden Ahbez, songwriter, dies at age 86. [1] March 5 * 21st People's Choice Awards: Tim Allen wins. [1] * Estonia Centrumlinkse Coalition party wins parliamentary election. [1] * Graves of czar Nicholas and family found in Saint Petersburg. [1] * Marguerite Kelsey, English painter/sculptor model (Haunting), dies at age 86. [1] * Peter John Norton, naval diplomat/artist, dies at age 82. [1] * Vivian Stanshall, British musician (Magical Mystery Tour), dies at age 51 (born 1943). [1] [29] March 6

1250

* 9th American Comedy Awards: Rodney Dangerfield. [1] * David Beinhoff, mayor, dies at age 24. [1] * Delroy George Wilson, singer, dies at age 46. [1] * Emile van Moerkerken, photographer (Ice Princess), dies at age 78. [1] * Helene Weijel, author (In Two Worlds), dies at age 44. [1] * Adrianus Jacobs, chairman of Internationale Nederlanden Groep Nevada, announces that his company will buy bankrupt Barings PLC Bank for a nominal price. [29] March 7 * Don Cook, British foreign correspondent, dies at age 74. [1] * Jaap van den Hurk, TV-director (NCRV), dies. [1] * Jacques Lefebvre Belgian, air force general, commits suicide at age 64. [1] * John Arthur Neill Lambert, composer teacher organist, dies at age 69. [1] * New York becomes 38th state to have the death penalty. [1] * Paul-Emile Victor, French pole explorer, dies at age 87. [1] * Thijmen Kuijt, resistance fighter/co-found paper (Typhoon), dies at age 82. [1] * Death of Georges J.F. Kohler, German biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1946). [29] March 8 * Costis Stephanopoulos becomes President of Greece. [1] * Dutch Liberal Party wins Provincial-National elections. [1] * Ota Adler, Czechoslovakian/British fur trader (Jewish Aid Fund), dies at age 83. [1] * Paul George Vincent O'Shaughnessy Horgan, novelist, dies at age 91. [1] * Death of Ingo Schwichtenberg, drummer (Helloween) (suicide) (born 1965). [29] March 9 * Ian Ballantine, publisher, dies of heart attack at age 79. [1] * President Konstantine Karamanlis (88) of Greece, resigns. [1] March 10 * Alexander Hyatt-King, Mozart scholar, dies at age 84. [1] * Car bomb explodes in Karachi at shiite mosque, 17+ killed. [1] * Carel Birnie, ballet producer, dies at age 69. [1] * Chiel Meijering's "St Louis Blues" premieres in Arnhem. [1] * Hendrik W van Leeuwen, Dutch musician, dies at age 79. [1] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Roommates to theaters in the USA. [6] March 11

1251

* Carel Birnie, founded Utrecht Opera/Dutch Dance Theater, dies at age 69. [1] * Ernest Kabushemeye, Burundese minister of Mijnbouw, murdered. [1] * Frank Fidler, artist, dies at age 84. [1] * President Nazarbajev disbands Kazakhstan parliament. [1] March 12 * Congress party loses India national election. [1] * Death of Juanin Clay, American actress (born 1949). [29] March 13 * 9th Soul Train Music Awards: Boyz II Men, Anita Baker win. [1] * Abdul Ali Mazari, Afghan shite leader, shot to death. [1] * Anti fascist Kazakhstan anti-parliament forms. [1] * Hungarian Forint devalued 9 percent. [1] * Istanbul police shoot dead 16 Alawitische demonstrators. [1] * John Silverlight, journalist, dies at age 75. [1] * Leo Kaplan, lawyer (ASCAP), dies at age 89. [1] * Death of Odette Sansom, French World War II heroine (born 1912). [29] * David Daliberti and William Barloon, two Americans working for a military contractor in Kuwait, are arrested after straying into Iraq. [29] * Lorraine Macleod, dancer (Girls Just Want to Have Fun), dies at age 65. [1] * P C J van Lierde, Dutch vicar-general of Vatican (1951-91), dies at age 87. [1] March 14 * Astronaut Norman Thagard becomes the first American to ride into space aboard a Russian launch vehicle (the Soyuz TM-21), lifting off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. [5] [29] * Gerard Thomas Victory, composer, dies at age 73. [1] * Johan W "Jo" van Marle, CEO (KNVB, 1980-93), dies at age 70. [1] * William A Fowler, US nuclear/astro-physicist (Nobel Prize 1983), dies at age 83 (born 1911). [1] [29] March 15 * Carlos Menem Jr, son of Argentine President, dies at age 26. [1] March 16 * Albert Maurice Hackett, playwright/screenwriter, dies at age 95. [1] * Clan Fraser of Lovat, soldier/landowner, dies at age 83. [1] * Lord Lovat [Shimi], Scottish landowner, dies at age 83. [1] * Mississippi House of Representatives ratifies 13th Amendement; formally abolishes slavery. [1]

1252

* Sydney Simone, band leader, dies at age 80. [1] March 17 * Ahmad Khomeini, youngest son of Iran ayatollah Khomeini, dies at age 48. [1] * Donald Baverstock, television producer, dies at age 71. [1] * Marcus Jan Adriani, biologist/director (Weevers' Duin), dies at age 56. [1] * Rick Aviles, US comic/actor (Ghost), dies of AIDS (born 1952). [1] [29] * Ronald Kray, English gangster (The Firm), dies at age 61 (born 1933). [1] [29] * Sinn-Fein leader Gerry Adams visits White House. [1] * Sunnyland Smart, jazz/blues singer/pianist (Delta Blues), dies at age 87. [1] * US approves first chicken pox vaccine, Varivax by Merck and Co. [1] March 18 * Charles Drain, singer, dies at age 65. [1] * Frederic Ramsey Jr, folklorist/author, dies at age 80. [1] * Heinrich Sutermeister, Swiss composer (Raskolnikov), dies at age 84. [1] * Death of Robin Jacques, illustrator of children's books (born 1920). [29] * STS 67 (Endeavour 8) lands after 16.5 days. [1] * Spanish princess Elena (31) weds Jaime de Marichalar y Saenez Tejada. [1] March 19 * Fernand Lodewick, literature historian (Literature), dies at age 85. [1] * Finland Social-Democratic Party wins parliamentary election. [1] * Kenneth Norman Joseph Loveless, priest folk musician, dies at age 83. [1] * Death of Yasuo Yamada, Japanese voice actor (born 1932). [29] March 20 * Beatles song, Free As A Bird, with late John Lennon as lead singer, is released, first Fab Four single since their 1970 breakup. [1] * Members of the Aum Shinrikyo religious cult release sarin gas on five separate railway trains in Tokyo, killing 12 and injuring 4700. [1] [29] * Rachida Hammadi, Algerian TV journalist, murdered at age 32. [1] * Sidney Kingsley, US playwright (Pulitzer prize 1934), dies at age 88. [1] March 21 * Daan Wildschut, Dutch painter/author, dies at age 81. [1] * Etienne Martin, French sculptor, dies at age 82. [1] * New York City agrees to sell its two owned radio stations (WNYC AM and FM). [1] * Norman Schwartz, record producer, dies at age 66. [1] * Robert Urquhart, actor (Dunkirk, Bulldog Breed), dies at age 72. [1]

1253

March 22 * Deputy Governor of Bank of England, Rupert Pennant-Rea, resigns following revelations of his affair with a freelance journalist. [1] * Peter Woods, newsreader, dies at age 64. [1] * Cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov returns after setting a record for 438 days in outer space. [29] March 23 * Alan Barton, singer (Smokie, Black Lace), dies in a bus crash. [1] * Daniel George "Danny" Apolinar, composer/songwriter, dies at age 61. [1] * Irving Shulman, author/screenwriter, dies at age 81. [1] * Ripley L Ingram, singer, dies at age 65. [1] * Robert Turner, winner of first All-American Soap Box Derby, dies at age 72. [1] * Russell Reading Braddon, author, dies at age 74. [1] March 24 * Anthony Standerwick Heal, businessman, dies at age 88. [1] * Joey Long, blues/cajun guitarist, dies at age 62. [1] * Trevor Oswald Ling, religious studies professor, dies at age 75. [1] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Funny Bones to theaters in the USA. [6] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film Tall Tale: The Unbelievable Adventures of Pecos Bill to theaters in the USA. [6] * For the first time in 26 years, no British soldiers patrol the streets of Belfast, Northern Ireland. [29] March 25 * James Gardner, designer, dies at age 87. [1] * Peter Herbert Penwarden, priest, dies at age 73. [1] * Warren E Burger, chief justice of US (1969-86), dies. [1] March 26 * 15th Golden Raspberry Awards: Color of Night wins. [1] * Eric "Easy E" Wright, American rapper and record producer, dies at 31 (born 1963). [1] [29] * The Schengen Agreement easing cross-border travel goes into effect in several European countries. [29] March 27 * 67th Academy Awards: Forest Gump, Tom Hanks and Jessica Lange win. [1]

1254

* Albert Drach, writer, dies. [1] * Bernard Cornfeld, Romanian/US financier (Fund of Funds), dies at age 67. [1] * Chet Gierlach, music publisher/composer, dies at age 75. [1] * Death of Maurizio Gucci, Italian businessman (murdered) (born 1948). [29] * Rene Allio, film director, dies at age 70. [1] March 28 * Hugh Edward R O'Connor, actor (In the Heat of the Night), dies of drug overdose at age 32. [1] * Jack Regan, broadcaster, dies at age 53. [1] * Vivienne Byerley, publicist, dies at age 88. [1] * World's largest bank: Japan's Mitsubishi Bank and Bank of Tokyo merge. [1] March 29 * Carl E Jefferson, record company owner, dies at age 74. [1] * Eddie Williams Wiggins, alto saxophone/comedian, dies at age 78. [1] * James Eric Storrar, fighter pilot, dies at age 74. [1] * John Elliott Terry, film financier, dies at age 82. [1] March 30 * Paul A Rothchild, record producer, dies at age 59. [1] * Rozelle Claxton, pianist/arranger, dies at age 82. [1] * A police officer tries to assassinate Takaji Kunimatsu, chief of the National Police Agency of Japan. [29] March 31 * Carl M Story, fiddler, dies at age 78. [1] * In Corpus Christi, Texas, Latin superstar Selena Quintanilla Perez is shot and killed by Yolanda Saldivar, the president of her own fan club. [1] [29] April 1 * The Blizzard Beach water park opens at Walt Disney World. [6] * Cheryl Waltz, author/film producer, dies at age 50. [1] * Francisco Moncion, dancer, dies at age 73. [1] * Lucie Rie, potter, dies at age 93. [1] * Richard Pool, naval Officer, dies at age 75. [1] * Sampson DeBrier, actor (Inauguration of Pleasure Dome), dies at age 86. [1] April 2 * Hannes Alfven, Swedish physicist (Nobel Prize), dies at age 86 (born 1908). [1] [29]

1255

* Julius Arthur Hemphill, saxophonist, dies at age 57. [1] * New York Police Department and New York Transit Police merge into one organization. [1] * Wrestlemania XI in Connecticut: Lawrence Taylor defeats Bam Bam Bigelow. [1] April 3 * David Alexander Reginald Herbert, writer, dies at age 86. [1] April 4 * Kenny Everett, British comedian/disc Jockey, dies at age 50 (born 1944). [1] [29] * Peter Brinson, dance educationalist, dies at age 67. [1] * Priscilla Lane, actress (Saboteur, Bodyguard), dies at age 77. [1] April 5 * The U.S. House of Representatives votes 246-188 to cut taxes for individuals and corporations. [29] * Christian Pineau, French politician, dies. [1] April 6 * Vieno J Sukselainen, Prime Minister of Finland (1959-61), dies. [1] April 7 * House Republicans celebrate passage of most of the Contract with America. [29] * Philip Vincent Belloc Jebb, architect, dies at age 68. [1] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Walt Disney Pictures animated feature film A Goofy Movie to theaters in the US. [6] * Buena Vista Pictures generally releases the film Jefferson in Paris to theaters in the USA. [6] April 9 * James Bullock, colliery manager, dies at age 92. [1] April 10 * Chen Yun, Vice-Premier of China (1949-75, 79-80), dies. [1] * Glyn Jones, writer, dies at age 90. [1] * Gunter Guillaume, German politican, dies. [1] * Joseph Anthony "Joe" Richards, singer/actor (Colorado Ranger), dies at age 44. [1] * Morarji Desai, Prime Minister of India (1977-79), dies (born 1896). [1] [29] * New York City bans smoking in all restaurants that seat 35 or more. [1]

1256

April 12 * Chris Pyne, trombonist, dies at age 56. [1] April 13 * Edward Firth Henderson, arabist, dies at age 77. [1] * Lawrence Allan Laurie Scott, script writer, dies at age 87. [1] April 14 * Brian Coffey, poet, dies at age 89. [1] * Burl Ives, American folk singer/actor (Cat on a Hot Tin Roof), dies at age 85 (born 1909). [1] [5] [29] * Donald Keech, entrepreneur, dies at age 74. [1] * James Daniel "Danny" Turner, saxophonist, dies at age 75. [1] * Michael Scott Montague Fordham, jungian analyst educator, dies at age 89. [1] * In Western Texas, a magnitude 5.7 earthquake occurs. [53] April 15 * Cleo Brown, pianist, dies at age 91. [1] * Denis Harding, soldier, dies at age 79. [1] * Death of Harry Shoulberg, American painter and serigrapher (born 1903). [29] April 16 * Arthur English, comedian, dies at age 75. [1] * Cheyenne Brando, daughter of Marlon, commits suicide. [1] * Cy[ril Raker] Endfield, film director (Universal Soldier), dies at age 80. [1] * Stewart Myles MacPherson, broadcaster, dies at age 86. [1] April 17 * Nancy Mayhew Youngman, artist/educator, dies at age 88. [1] April 18 * Arturo Frondizi, President of Argentina (1958-62), dies (born 1908). [1] [29] * Houston Post newspaper folds after 116 years. [1] April 19 * "King" Herbert Whitaker, tenor sax, dies at age 66. [1] * Chopper 4 first used on WNBC TV (New York City) news. [1]

1257

* Igor Hajek, translator/writer, dies at age 64. [1] * J[oseph] Peter Grace, CEO (W R Grace), dies at age 82. [1] * Kenneth Burslam Gardner, librarian/Orientalist, dies at age 70. [1] * Oklahoma City bombing: 168 people, including 8 Federal Marshals and 19 children, are killed at the Murrah Federal Building. [1] [29] April 20 * Milovan Djilas, Yugoslavian politician (1945-54), dies. [1] * Tessie O'Shea, entertainer, dies at age 81. [1] April 21 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film While You Were Sleeping to theaters in the USA. [6] * FBI arrests Timothy McVeigh and charges him with Oklahoma City bombing. [1] * In Samar, Philippine Islands, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake occurs. [53] April 22 * Don Pullen, pianist/composer, dies at age 53. [1] * Maggie Kuhn, activist (Gray Panthers), dies at age 89. [1] April 23 * John Stennis, Senator-Democrat-Mississippi, dies at age 93. [1] * Lonesome Sundown, blues singer/guitarist, dies at age 66. [1] * President Bill Clinton declares a national day of mourning for Oklahoma City bombing victims. [1] * Robert Selby Taylor, bishop, dies at age 86. [1] April 24 * Douglas Gunsekera, banker, dies at age 77. [1] * Dow Jones Industrial Average hits record 4303.98. [1] * Package bomb, linked to Unabomber, blows up killing lobbyist Gilbert B Murray in Sacramento, California. [1] [29] * Death of Art Fleming, American actor and game show host (Jeopardy), at age 74 (born 1924). [29] (April 25 [1]) April 25 * Francis Henry Smith, librarian, dies at age 85. [1] * Ginger Rogers, American actress/dancer (Top Hat, Stage Door), dies at age 83 (born 1911). [1] [29] * Joseph Heifitz, film director, dies at age 89. [1]

1258

April 26 * Alexander Knox, actor/writer (Gorky Park, Accident), dies at age 88. [1] April 28 * Andrew Salkey, author editor/broadcaster, dies at age 67. [1] * Gas explosion in South Korean metro, 103 die. [1] * Henry C Rogers, press agent, dies at age 81. [1] * Sri Lankaan BAE748 crashes at Palaly, 52 die. [1] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film A Pyromaniac's Love Story to theaters in the USA. [6] April 29 * Final broadcast of Empty Nest on NBC TV. [1] * Longest sausage ever, at 2877 miles, made in Kitchener, Ontario, Canada. [1] * Robert Gibb, zoo/theme park creator, dies at age 57. [1] April 30 * After 120 years the last 15 A&S department stores close. [1] * Donald Edwin White, ad copywriter/opera administrator, dies at age 59. [1] * Reinaldo de Carvalho, carnival king, dies at age 34. [1] May 2 * Michael Hordern, actor (Fool, Green Man, Scoop), dies at age 83. [1] * Serb missiles explode in the heart of Zagreb, killing six. [1] May 4 * Lewis T Preston, banker, dies at age 68. [1] * Louis Krasner, violinist, dies at age 91. [1] May 5 * Anthony Wagner, genealogist, dies at age 86. [1] * Bernard Benjamin Gillis, judge, dies at age 89. [1] * Esther Waterhouse, doctor/methodist, dies at age 86. [1] * James Pack, naval officer museum curator, dies at age 81. [1] * Lionel Alexander Bethune [Alastair] Pilkington, engineer, dies at age 75. [1] * Mikhail Moseyevich Botvinnik, world chess champion, dies (born 1911). [1] [29] * Thomas Eden Binkley, musician, dies at age 63. [1] May 6

1259

* Dona Maria Pia de Braganca, pretender to Portugal throne, dies at age 88. [1] * Leanoard "Red" Truss, R&B singer, dies at age 47. [1] * Nicholas Palmer, TV writer/producer, dies at age 57. [1] May 7 * Ernest H Martin, impressario, dies at age 75. [1] * Jacques Chirac wins French presidential election. [1] [29] * Lawrence Josset, engraver, dies at age 84. [1] * Maria Luisa Bemberg, film maker, dies at age 73. [1] * Ray McKinley, drummer, dies at age 84. [1] May 8 * Carroll Best, bluegrass banjo, dies at age 63. [1] * Jerry Zipkin, socialite, dies at age 80. [1] * Prem Bhatia, journalist, dies at age 83. [1] * Teresa Teng, Taiwanese singer, dies at age 41 (born 1953). [1] [29] May 9 * Abha Gandhi, servant to Gandhi, dies at age 68. [1] * Charles Montgomery Monteith, publisher, dies at age 74. [1] * Kinshasa, Zaire under quarantine after an outbreak of Ebola virus. [1] * Marshall Royal, jazz sax/clarinet, dies at age 82. [1] May 10 * 30th Academy of Country Music Awards: Reba McEntire wins. [1] * Britain lifts a 23-year ban on ministerial talks with Sinn Fein. [1] * Harold Berens, comedian, dies at age 92. [1] * Hilde Jarecki, educationist, dies at age 83. [1] * In South Africa, 104 miners are killed in an elevator accident. [1] * Jimmy Raney, jazz guitarist, dies at age 67. [1] May 11 * Arthur Lubin, director (Francis The Talking Mule, Mr Ed), dies at age 96. [1] * David Avidan, poet/writer, dies at age 62. [1] * William John Phillips, actor (Nothing but a Man), dies at age 80. [1] * Sega of America begins shipping the Saturn video game system in the US. Price is US$399 with the VirtuaFighter game. 30,000 units are available for the initial launch, with ten game titles available. (Total sales in North America over its lifetime: 1.3 million.) [9]

1260

* The first Electronic Entertainment Expo is held in Los Angeles, over three days. The show takes its name from Electronic Entertainment magazine. 350 game companies show 1300 games for video game systems and personal computers. Total attendance is 28,000. Sony introduces the PlayStation in a US$4 million booth, including an appearance by Michael Jackson. [9] * In New York City, more than 170 countries decide to extend the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty indefinitely and without conditions. [29] May 12 * Arthur Lubin, film director, dies at age 95. [1] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Crimson Tide to theaters in the USA. [6] * Giorgio Belladonna, bridge champion, dies at age 71. [1] * Reza Abdoh, theatre director, dies at age 32. [1] May 13 * An earthquake hits the regions of Kozani and Grevena in Greece, with an intensity of 6.6 on the Richter scale. 25 people injured, 12,000 homes damaged or destroyed. Damage estimate at US$450 million. [1] [29] [53] * Chelsi Smith, 21, of USA, crowned 44th Miss Universe; Shanna Lynn Moakler, (19New York), replaces Chelsi Smith as Miss USA. [1] May 14 * Dalai Lama proclaims 6-year-old Gedhun Choekyi Nyima 11th reincarnation of Panchen Lama, Tibet's second most senior spiritual leader. [1] [29] * Maezumi Hakuyu Taizan Koun, teacher (Zen Buddhism), dies at age 64. [1] * Death of Christian B. Anfinsen, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1916). [29] May 15 * People's Republic of China performs nuclear test at Lop Nor. [1] * Edouard Dermit, actor (Testament of Orpheus), dies at age 69. [1] * Death of Ben Bubar, American activist (born 1917). [29] * Eric Richard Porter, English actor (Crucible, Hennessy), dies at age 67 (born 1928). [1] [29] * Johnny Van Derrick, jazz violinist, dies at age 68. [1] * Perry Lederman, folk singer, dies at age 52. [1] May 16

1261

* Japanese police arrest cult leader Shoko Asahara and charged him with nerve-gas attack on Tokyo's subways two months earlier. Fuji and arrest cult leader Shoko Asahara. [1] [29] * In Loyalty Islands region of the south Pacific, a magnitude 7.7 earthquake occurs. [53] * Lola Flores, singer/actress (Kuma Ching, Faraona), dies at age 70. [1] * Jacques Chirac assumes the presidency of France. [29] * Ragnhild Marie Hatton, historian, dies at age 82. [1] May 17 * Nathan "Dambuza" Mdledle, singer, dies at age 72. [1] * Shawn Nelson, 35, goes on a tank rampage in San Diego, California. [29] May 18 * Alexander Gudonov, Russian dancer/actor (Witness), dies at age 45 (born 1949). [1] [29] * Elisha Cook Jr, American actor (Maltese Falcon, Shane), dies at age 91 (born 1903). [1] [29] * Elizabeth Montgomery, actress (Bewitched), dies of cancer at age 62 (born 1933). [1] [29] * Gordon Reynolds, musician, dies at age 74. [1] * Robert Harris, actor (Werewolf of London), dies at age 95. [1] May 19 * World's youngest doctor, Balamurali Ambati, 17, graduates Mount Sinai. [1] May 20 * Disney Cruise Line announces Cantieri Navali Italiani S.p.A. of Italy is awarded the contract to build the first Disney cruise ship. [70] * CBS News fires co-anchor Connie Chung. [1] May 21 * Kieron Walsh, academic, dies at age 46. [1] * Les Aspin, US Secretary of Defense (1993-95), dies of stroke at age 56. [1] * Patrick Bowles, writer/translator, dies at age 68. [1] * Pope John Paul II canonizes John Sarkander during his visit to Olomouc, the Czech Republic. [29] May 22 * Robert Flemyng, actor (Kafka, Rebecca, Funny Face), dies at age 83. [1]

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May 23 * At the Sun World conference in San Francisco, California, Sun Microsystems introduces the Java interactive programming language. Code-name during development was Oak. [4] * In Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, the remains of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building are imploded. [29] May 24 * Harold Wilson, British Prime Minister (1964-70, 1974-76), dies of cancer at age 79 (born 1916). [1] [29] * Mike Pyne, jazz pianist, dies at age 54. [1] May 25 * Dany Robin, actress (Follow the Boys, Topaz, Julietta), dies at age 68. [1] * Dick Curless, singer/songwriter, dies at age 63. [1] * The Supreme Court of Canada rules that sexual orientation is a prohibited grounds of discrimination under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. [29] May 26 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Mad Love to theaters in the USA. [6] * Isadore "Friz" Freling, cartoon director (Sylvester), dies at age 88 (born 1905). [1] [29] * Ron Weatherburn, jazz pianist, dies at age 61. [1] * Microsoft chairman Bill Gates issues an internal memo "The Internet Tidal Wave", saying he believes the Internet to be the single most important development in the computer industry since the IBM Personal Computer. He gives the highest level of importance to the Internet, calling it "critical to every part of our business". [4] * Severn Darden, comedian (Second City), dies at age 65. [1] May 27 * C W Stubblefield, music promoter, dies at age 64. [1] * Ulyses Simpson Kay, composer, dies at age 78. [1] * On Sakhalin Island, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake occurs. About 1,989 people killed, about 750 injured. [53] May 28 * Daniela Rocca, actress (Battle of Austerlitz), dies at age 57. [1]

1263

* Neftegorsk, Russia is hit by a 7.6 magnitude earthquake, killing at least 2000 people (two-thirds of the town's population). [1] [29] * Henning Kronstam, dancer, dies at age 60. [1] * Jean Elizabeth Leuckert Muir, British designer dressmaker/model, dies at age 66. [1] * Death of Irfan Ljubijankic, Bosnian diplomat (born 1952). [29] May 29 * Margaret Chase Smith, first woman US Representative and Senator (RepublicanMaine), dies at age 97. [1] May 30 * Philip Owen A Sherrard, scholar theologian poet/translator, dies at age 72. [1] * Thomas Dorrington Tomlinson, British national park warden, dies at age 87. [1] June 2 * United States Air Force Captain Scott O'Grady's F-16 is shot down over Bosnia while patrolling the NATO no-fly zone. O'Grady survives on bugs and grass until he is rescued. [29] * SS Captain Erich Priebke is extradited from Argentina to Italy. [29] June 5 * The Bose-Einstein condensate is created. [29] June 6 * U.S. astronaut Norman Thagard breaks NASA's space endurance record of 14 days, 1 hour and 16 minutes, aboard the Russian space station Mir. [29] June 7 * Death of Hsuan Hua, Chinese Buddhist master (born 1918). [29] June 8 * Downed U.S. Air Force pilot Captain Scott O'Grady is rescued by U.S. Marines in Bosnia-Herzegovina. [29] June 12 * Death of Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli, Italian pianist (born 1920). [29] June 13

1264

* French President Jacques Chirac announces the resumption of nuclear tests in French Polynesia. [29] June 15 * During his murder trial, O.J. Simpson puts on a pair of gloves that were found soaked with blood at the murder scene. The gloves appear not to fit, prompting defense attorney Johnny Cochran to remark: "If the gloves don't fit, you must acquit." [29] * A powerful earthquake, registering a magnitude of 6.5, hits the city of Egion, Greece, resulting in 26 deaths and significant damage to many buildings. Estimate of damage at US$660 million. [29] [53] June 20 * Oil multinational Royal Dutch Shell caves in to international pressure and abandons plans to dump the Brent Spar oil rig at sea. [29] * Death of Emil Cioran, Romanian philosopher and essayist (born 1911). [29] * The Walt Disney Company announces plans for a fourth theme park in Florida: Disney's Animal Kingdom. The new park is expected to cost US$760 million to create, over a 200-hectare area. It is due to open in 1998. [6] June 22 * Japanese police rescue 365 hostages from a hijacked Nippon Airlines 747 at Hakodate airport. The hijacker was armed with a knife and demanded the release of Shoko Asahara. [29] June 23 * Death of Jonas Salk, American medical researcher (born 1914). [29] * Buena Vista Pictures generally releases the animated feature film Pocahontas to theaters in the US. (North American theater gross receipts: US$141.5 million.) [6] June 24 * (to July 7) 5,000,000 view Christo's "wrapped" Reichstag in Berlin. [37] June 26 * Death of Ernest Walton, Irish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1903). [29] June 27

1265

* American space shuttle Atlantis blasts off from NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. This is the 100th human space mission in American history. [129] June 29 * American singer/actress Lana Turner dies (born 1921). [5] [29] * Lisa Clayton completes her 10-month solo circumnavigation from the Northern Hemisphere. [29] * American space shuttle Atlantis docks with the Russian space station Mir to form the largest man-made satellite ever to orbit the Earth. This is the second time ships from two countries had linked up in space. [5] [29] * The Sampoong Department Store collapses in the Seocho-gu district of Seoul, South Korea, killing 501 and injuring 937. [29] June 30 * The German Bundestag votes to send German troops to Bosnia as a part of the international peace keeping mission. [37] * Death of Georgi Beregovoi, cosmonaut (born 1921). [29] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Judge Dredd to theaters in the USA. [6] * The film Apollo 13 is released to theaters in the US and Canada. [8] July 1 * Roman Herzog succeeds Richard von Weizäcker as Germany's President (Bundespräsident). [37] * Death of Wolfman Jack, American disc jockey (born 1938). [5] [29] * In response to UNSCOM's evidence, Iraq admits for first time the existence of an offensive biological weapons program, but denies weaponization. [29] July 4 * United Kingdom Prime Minister John Major wins his battle to remain leader of the Conservative Party. [29] * Death of Eva Gabor, Hungarian actress (born 1919). [5] [29] * Death of Bob Ross, American television painter (born 1942). [29] July 5 * Death of Takeo Fukuda, Japanese politician (born 1905). [29] July 6 * IBM completes its US$3.5 billion acquisition of Lotus Development, making it a wholly-owned subsidiary. [4]

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July 8 * A volcanic eruption begins on the island of Montserrat. [29] July 10 * Burmese dissident Aung San Suu Kyi is freed from house arrest. [29] July 11 * Bosnian Serbs march into Srebrenica while United Nations Dutch peacekeepers leave. Large numbers of Bosniak men and boys are killed in the Srebrenica massacre. [29] * In the Myanmar-China border region, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake occurs. Six people killed, 99 injured, more than 100,000 houses destroyed and 42,000 damaged. [53] July 13 * Dozens of cities in the USA, most notably Chicago and Milwaukee, set all-time record high temperatures. Hundreds of people in these and other cities die as the heat wave reaches its peak. [29] July 16 * French President Jacques Chirac make a speech, formally apologizing for French involvement in the deportation of Jews during World War II. [10] July 17 * The Nasdaq Composite stock market index closes above the 1,000 mark for the first time. [29] July 20 * Death of Helmut Gernsheim in Munich, Germany; initiator of photography as a serious form of art worthy of study and as an academic discipline. [37] July 21 * In Gansu, China, a magnitude 5.6 earthquake occurs. Fourteen people killed, at least 60 injured, 5,000 left homeless, 4,500 houses destroyed and 5,000 houses damaged in the Yongdeng area. [53] * (to July 26) The People's Liberation Army of the People's Republic of China fires missiles into the waters north of Taiwan. [29]

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July 23 * David Daliberti and William Barloon, two Americans held as spies by Iraq, are released by Saddam Hussein. [29] July 24 * Death of George Rodger, British photojournalist (born 1908). [29] July 27 * In Washington, DC, the Korean War Veterans Memorial is dedicated. [29] * Disney agrees to buy Capital Cities / ABC for one Disney share plus US$65 cash per ABC share. Total value of the deal is about US$20 billion. [6] July 28 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film Operation Dumbo Drop to theaters in the US. [6] * Columbia Pictures releases the film The Net to theaters in the USA. [4] July 30 * Near the coast of Northern Chile, a magnitude 8.0 earthquake occurs. Three people were killed, 58 injured, 630 left homeless and 115 houses destroyed. Also felt in southern Peru and at La Paz, Bolivia. Mild tsunami generated, measured at Hawaii, Alaska, Japan. [53] August 3 * Death of Ida Lupino, British actress (born 1914). [29] * Death of Edward Whittemore, American author and Central Intelligence agent (born 1933). [29] August 4 * Death of Lee Newman, musician (Technohead). [29] * Death of J. Howard Marshall, American billionaire (born 1905). [29] * Croatian forces launch Operation Storm against Serbian forces in Krajina, with the cooperation of the ARBiH, and force them to withdraw to central Bosnia. [29] August 5 * Croatian forces take Knin and continue to advance. [29] August 6

1268

* Hundreds in Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Tokyo, and Washington, D.C. mark the 50th anniversary of the dropping of the atomic bomb. [29] August 7 * Operation Storm ends with a United Nations-brokered ceasefire; remaining Serbian forces start surrendering. [29] * Death of Brigid Brophy, English author (born 1929). [29] August 9 * Jerry Garcia, famed guitarist of The Grateful Dead dies from an overdose of heroin while in rehab. [29] * Shares of Netscape Communications are first made available to the public on the NASDAQ stock exchange. Before trading, shares are priced at US$28. The stock opens at US$71, reaching a high of US$74.75. The market value of the company becomes US$2.2 billion. This is the best opening day for a stock in Wall Street history for an issue of its size. [4] August 11 * Death of Phil Harris, American actor (born 1904). [29] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Dangerous Minds to theaters in the USA. [6] * Buena Vista releases the Mickey Mouse film Runaway Brain to theaters in the US. [6] * Buena Vista releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film A Kid in King Arthur's Court to theaters in the USA. [6] August 14 * An avalanche buries Alison Hargreaves, the first woman to climb Mt. Everest without oxygen tank; she is reported dead. [29] * Michael Ovitz is appointed president of the Walt Disney Company. His contract is for five years, with base salary US$1 million per year, and options to purchase 5 million shares of the Disney company. [6] August 15 * Death of John Cameron Swayze, American journalist (born 1906). [29] August 18 * The film Mortal Kombat is released to theaters in the USA. (Total American theater ticket sales: US$70 million.) [9]

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August 19 * Death of Pierre Schaeffer, French composer (born 1910). [29] August 21 * Death of Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Indian-born astrophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1910). [29] * Nintendo of America introduces the Virtual Boy portable video game system in the US. It features 32-bit 20 MHz RISC processor, a special headset that creates a stereoscopic 3-D environment with two RTI mirror-scanning 384x224 pixel LED arrays, 8- or 16-Megabit ROM Game Paks, digital stereo sound, double-grip controller with dual directional control buttons, and powered by six AA batteries. The game Mario's Tennis is included in the hardware. Price is US$179.95. (About 770,000 units are sold worldwide in total.) [9] * US District Court Judge Thomas Jackson holds the first and only hearing on the consent decree between Microsoft and the US Department of Justice. Within 17 minutes, he signs his approval of it. The decree will govern Microsoft's licensing practices of Windows for the next 6.5 years, barring the company from linking unrelated software licenses. The ruling comes after five years of investigation of monopolistic licensing practices. [4] August 23 * Quote by comedian Jay Leno about computers, at a rehersal for the Windows 95 launch: "I came illiterate, now I'm leaving virtually retarded.". [4] * Death of Alfred Eisenstaedt in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts (born in Dirschau, Germany); photojournalist, covered the rise of the Nazi party in pictures, in career with Life he was credited with 2,500 picture stories and 90 cover photos. [37] August 24 * Microsoft releases the Windows 95 operating system. This is the first consumer Windows version that does not require MS-DOS pre-installed. New features include integrated TCP/IP stack, dial-up networking, and long filenames. The software comprises over 11 million lines of code. The US$250 million publicity campaign includes US$12 million for the rights to the "Start Me Up" song by the Rolling Stones. This is the biggest marketing extravaganza for a consumer product ever. First day sales total about 300,000 copies. [4] August 28 * A Serbian Mortar bomb near a Sarajevo market square kills 37 civilians. [29] August 29

1270

* Death of Michael Ende, German author (born 1929). [29] August 30 * Death of Fischer Black, American economist (born 1938). [29] * Death of Sterling Morrison, American guitarist (The Velvet Underground) (born 1942). [29] * The NATO bombing campaign against Serb artillery positions begins in Bosnia, continuing into October. At the same time ARBiH forces begin an offensive against the Serb Army around Sarajevo, central Bosnia and Bosnian Krajina. [29] September 3 * Online auction company eBay is founded. [29] September 4 * The Fourth World Conference on Women opens in Beijing with over 4,750 delegates from 181 countries in attendance. [29] September 6 * NATO air strikes continue, after repeated attempts at a solution with the Serbs fail. [29] September 7 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film The Tie that Binds to theaters in the USA. [6] September 9 * Sony Electronics introduces the 32-bit CD-ROM game system, PlayStation, in North America. Price is US$299. (100,000 units sell in the first two days.) [9] September 12 * Death of Jeremy Brett, English actor (born 1933). [29] September 14 * Near the coast of Guerrero, Mexico, a magnitude 7.5 earthquake occurs. Three people killed, 100 injured, 900 homeless. Felt strongly along the Pacific coast of Mexico from Michoacan to Chiapas. [53]

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September 15 * United Artists releases the film Hackers to theaters in the US. [4] September 20 * Death of Eileen Chang, Chinese writer (born 1920). [29] September 22 * American millionaire Steve Forbes announces his candidacy for the 1996 Republican presidential nomination. [29] * Buena Vista Pictures generally releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Unstrung Heroes to theaters in the USA. [6] September 23 * Argentine national Guillermo "Bill" Gaede is arrested in Phoenix, Arizona on charges of industrial espionage. His sales to Cuba, China, North Korea and Iran are believed to have involved Intel and Advanced Micro Devices trade secrets worth US$10-20 million. [29] September 25 * Death of Bessie Delany, American physician and author (born 1891). [29] September 26 * The trial against former Italian Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti, accused of Mafia connections, begins. [29] September 27 * (to September 28) Bob Denard's mercenaries capture President Said Mohammed Djohor of the Comoros; the local army does not resist. [29] September 29 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film The Big Green to theaters in the USA. [6] October 1 * Ten people are convicted of bombing the World Trade Center in 1993. [29]

1272

* In Turkey, a magnitude 6.3 earthquake occurs. One hundred one people killed, 348 injured, 50,000 homeless and 4,500 houses and buildings damaged or destroyed in the Dinar area. About 600 buildings were destroyed at Evciler. [53] October 3 * O.J. Simpson is found not guilty of double murder for the deaths of former wife Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman. (He will be found liable in a civil trial in 1997). [29] October 4 * France launches a counter-coup in the Comoros with 600 soldiers. They arrest Bob Denard and his mercenaries and take Denard to France. Caabi el-Yachroutu becomes the new interim president. [29] * Hurricane Opal makes landfall at Pensacola Beach, Florida as a Category 3 hurricane with 115 mph winds. [29] * Nintendo releases the Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island game for the Super NES in the US. (Total sales: 4.12 million.) [9] October 5 * Death of Linda Gary, American voice actress (born 1944). [29] October 6 * Michael Mayor and Didier Queloz announce the discovery of 51 Pegasi b, the first confirmed Extrasolar planet. [29] * Buena Vista Pictures generally releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Dead Presidents to theaters in the USA. [6] * In Southern Sumatera, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake occurs. Eighty-four people killed, 2,178 injured, nearly 65,000 homeless and over 18,900 homes and buildings damaged or destroyed in Jambi Province. [53] October 9 * An Amtrak Sunset Limited train is derailed by saboteurs near Palo Verde, Arizona. [29] * Near the coast of Jalisco, Mexico, a magnitude 8.0 earthquake occurs. At least 49 people killed, 100 injured, nearly 1,000 homeless and extensive damage in the states of Colima and Jalisco. Felt by people in high-rise buildings as far as Dallas and Houston, Texas and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. [53] * Death of Alec Douglas-Home, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (born 1903). [29] October 12

1273

* Walt Disney World in Florida welcomes its 500-millionth guest. [6] October 13 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film The Scarlet Letter to theaters in the USA. [6] October 16 * The Million Man March is held in Washington, D.C. The event was conceived by Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan. [29] October 20 * Buena Vista Pictures generally releases the film Feast of July to theaters in the USA. [6] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Walt Disney Pictures feature film Frank and Ollie to theaters in the USA. The film is a documentary of the lives and careers of Disney animators Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston. [6] October 21 * Death of Maxene Andrews, American singer (part of The Andrews Sisters) (born 1916). [29] * Death of Jesús Blasco, Spanish comic book author (born 1919). [29] * Death of Shannon Hoon, American singer (Blind Melon) (born 1967). [29] October 22 * Death of Mary Wickes, American actor (born 1915). [29] October 23 * In Houston, Texas, Yolanda Saldivar is convicted of first degree murder in the shooting death of Selena Quintanilla Perez and three days later is sentenced to life in prison. Saldivar will be eligible for parole in 2025. [29] October 24 * A total solar eclipse is visible from Iran, India, Thailand, and Southeast Asia. [29] October 25 * A Metra commuter train slams into a school bus in Fox River Grove, Illinois, killing seven students. [29]

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October 26 * An avalanche hits the village Flateyri in Iceland, killing 20 people. [29] * Death of Gorni Kramer, Italian bandleader and songwriter (born 1913). [29] * Death of Margaret Gorman, first Miss America (born 1905). [29] October 27 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Powder to theaters in the USA. [6] October 28 * Fire breaks out on a crowded metro train in Baku, Azerbaijan killing more than 300 passengers. This is the world's worst metro disaster. [29] October 30 * Quebec separatists narrowly lose a referendum for a mandate to negotiate independence from Canada. [29] November 1 * Participants in the Yugoslav War begin negotiations in Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio. [29] * The U.S. House of Representatives votes to ban "partial birth" abortions by a vote of 288-139. [29] * Intel formally announces and begins shipping the Pentium Pro processor, at speeds of 150 to 200 MHz. The processor incorporates 5.5 million transistors. Prices range from US$974 to $1989. [4] November 2 * The Supreme Court of Argentina orders the extradition of Erich Priebke, ex-Nazi SS captain. [29] November 3 * At Arlington National Cemetery, U.S. President Bill Clinton dedicates a memorial to the victims of the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing. [29] November 4 * Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin is assassinated at a peace rally in Tel Aviv. [1] [29]

1275

* Death of Gilles Deleuze, French philosopher (born 1925). [29] November 10 * With help from Israel and Jordan, United Nations inspector Ritter intercepts 240 Russian gyroscopes and accelerometers on their way to Iraq from Russia. [29] * In Nigeria, playwright and environmental activist Ken Saro-Wiwa, along with eight others from the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (Mosop), are hanged by government forces. [29] [240.247] November 14 * A budget standoff between Democrats and Republicans in the Congress of the United States forces the federal government to temporarily close national parks and museums, and run most government offices with skeleton staff. [29] * IBM, Apple Computer, and Motorola release the PowerPC Platform specifications, called the Common Hardware Reference Platform (CHRP). It encompasses support for Macintosh System 7, Windows NT, AIX, Solaris, NetWare, and OS/2. Windows 3.x and Windows 95 are excluded. [4] November 16 * A United Nations tribunal charges Radovan Karadžic and Ratko Mladic with genocide during the Bosnian War. [29] November 21 * The first feature-length film created completely using computer-generated imagery (Toy Story) is released. [5] * The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above 5,000 (5,023.55) for the first time. [29] [227] * A peace agreement for Bosnia is reached. [29] * Death of Noel Jones, British diplomat (born 1940). [29] November 22 * Rosemary West is sentenced to life for killing ten women and girls, including her own daughter and stepdaughter, after the jury returns a guilty verdict at Winchester Crown Court. The trial judge recommends that she should never be released from prison, making her only the second woman in British legal history to be subjected to a whole life tariff. [29] * In Egypt, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake occurs. At least eight people killed and 30 injured in the epicentral region. Felt from Sudan to Lebanon. [29] [53] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Walt Disney Pictures - Pixar computer animated feature film Toy Story to theaters in the USA. This is the first feature film completely animated by computers. The film was created using 800,000 hours of computing time on

1276

300 Sun Microsystems microprocessors. (World theater gross receipts: US$360 million.) [6] November 28 * The Barcelona Treaty is signed by 27 attending nations. [29] * U.S. President Bill Clinton signs a highway bill that ends the federal 55 mph speed limit. [29] November 30 * Javier Solana becomes the new NATO General Secretary. [29] * Official end of Operation Desert Storm. [29] December 1 * First recorded educational Virtual field trip. The audioconference live from Antarctica involved interaction between two teachers and two schools in Canterbury, New Zealand (LEARNZ '95). Schools from all over New Zealand listen in on the audioconference. [29] * Strikes paralyze France's public sector. [29] December 2 * Francis Joseph Quinn, academic, dies at age 90. [1] * Roxie Roker, actress (Helen Willis-Jeffersons)/mother of Lenny Kravitz, dies of breast cancer at age 66. [1] * Stanley Devon, photographer, dies at age 88. [1] * [William] Robertson Davies, novelist essayist/dramatist, dies (born 1913). [1] [29] December 3 * Jimmy Jewel, comedian, dies at age 82. [1] * Robertson Davies, author, dies at age 82. [1] December 4 * Itzhak Rabin, Prime Minister of Israel (1968-73), assassinated. [1] December 5 * Robert Charles Evans, mountaineer/doctor, dies at age 77. [1] * Robert Parrish, film director editor/actor (Casino Royale), dies at age 79. [1] * Victor Collin Matthews, businessman, dies on 76th birthday. [1] December 6

1277

* 6th Billboard Music Awards. [1] * Dmitri Antonovitch Volkogonov, soldier/historian, dies at age 67. [1] * James "Scotty" Barrett Reston, journalist, dies at age 86. [1] * John Trevor Key, photographer, dies at age 48. [1] * Kathleen Harrison, actress (Fast Lady, Big Money), dies at age 103. [1] * Leslie Wilkinson, journalist, dies at age 97. [1] * Michael Jackson collapses while rehearsing for an HBO special. [1] * [Schaff] Claire Polin, composer, dies at age 69. [1] December 7 * Larry Bartlett, photographer, dies at age 42. [1] * Tom Burns, editor, dies at age 89. [1] * US NASA space probe Galileo arrives at Jupiter, a little more than six years after it was launched by Space Shuttle Atlantis. [1] [5] [29] * Microsoft chairman Bill Gates and other executives give a seven-hour briefing speech and workshop in Seattle, Washington, on Microsoft's Internet strategy. Microsoft announces it has licensed Java from Sun Microsystems, and will add extensions to the technology for use with the Microsoft Network. Microsoft announces it has licensed browser technology from Spyglass for Windows 3.1 and the Macintosh, and will also offer Internet Explorer 2.0 on all platforms free of charge. The Microsoft Network will be redesigned as a Web site. [4] December 8 * Carl Marsden, bodyguard, dies at age 36. [1] * Ernest LeRoy Boyer, educator, dies at age 67. [1] * John Gillett, film researcher, dies at age 70. [1] * Mikki Doyle, journalist, dies at age 79. [1] December 9 * Miramax Films releases the film Four Rooms to theaters in Japan. [9] * Benny Lee, entertainer, dies at age 84. [1] * Douglas "Wrong Way" Corrigan, aviator, dies. [1] * Hugh Armstrong Clegg, industrial relations academic, dies at age 75. [1] * Toni Cade Bambara, filmmaker, dies at age 56. [1] * Vitali Viktorovich Savitsky, biologist/politician, dies at age 40. [1] * Vivian Blaine, actress (Guys and Dolls), dies of heart failure at age 74. [1] December 10 * Darren Robinson, American rap singer, dies at age 28 (born 1967). [1] [29] * Gillian Rose, philosopher/writer, dies at age 48. [1] * John Francis Boyd, journalist, dies at age 85. [1]

1278

* Mary Madge Lascelles, literary critic/poet, dies at age 95. [1] * Phillip Piratin, communist, dies at age 88. [1] * Worst snowstorm in Buffalo history, 37.9" in 24 hours, breaking previous record of 25.3" in 1982. [1] December 11 * Arthur Mullard, comedian, dies at age 82. [1] * John Heawood, actor singer/choreographer (Pleasure Garden), dies at age 75. [1] * Robert Shelton (Shapiro), journalist, dies at age 69. [1] December 12 * Amendment to make it illegal to physically desecrate the US flag turned down by senate 63-36 (need 2/3 vote). [1] * Andrew Olle, broadcaster, dies at age 48. [1] * CBC announces Radio Canada International service to end on March 31. [1] * David Lincoln Lightbown, politician, dies at age 63. [1] * David Saul Marshall, diplomat lawyer/politician, dies at age 97. [1] * Israeli Prime Minister Shimon Peres address both house of US congress. [1] * James Altgens, John Kennedy assassination photographer, dies at age 76. [1] * Lindsay Oliver John Boynton, furniture historian, dies. [1] * Mary Bruce, dance teacher, dies at age 95. [1] * Mohyedin Alempour, Tajik artist/journalist, dies at age 50. [1] December 13 * Christopher Reeve is released from physical rehab center. [1] * Evangeline Bruce, hostess, dies at age 81. [1] * Nancy LaMott, singer, dies at age 43. [1] * US Federal Court votes that cable companies must carry local stations. [1] December 14 * Les Miserables opens at Cable Hall, Helsinki, Finland. [1] * Don Anthony, bandleader/songwriter, dies at age 85. [1] * Eric Brown, architect, dies at age 84. [1] * Rob Harris, sky surfer, dies while skydiving at age 28. [1] * The Dayton Peace Agreement is signed in Paris, France. [29] December 15 * James Geoffrey Cutcliffe Hepburn, tap-dancer/socialist, dies at age 88. [1] * Manuel Gutierrez Mellado, Prime Minister of Defense of Spain (1977-81), dies at age 83. [1] * Playboy magazine goes back on sale after 36 year ban in Ireland. [1]

1279

* Because of the "quadruple-witching" option expiration, volume on the New York Stock Exchange hits 638 million shares, the highest single-day volume since October 20, 1987. [29] December 16 * Iraqi scuba divers, under the direction of UNSCOM, dredge the Tigris River near Baghdad. The divers find over 200 prohibited Russian made missile instruments and components. [29] * Nina Verchinina, dancer choreographer/teacher, dies at age 85. [1] * Death of Johnny Moss, American poker player (born 1907). [29] December 17 * Lila Clark Knapp, publisher, dies at age 63. [1] December 18 * Chaim Pearl, rabbi, dies at age 76. [1] * Georgio Fini, restaurateur, dies at age 70. [1] * Ross Thomas, author, dies at age 69. [1] * Death of Konrad Zuse, German engineer (born 1910). [29] December 19 * Dame Ruth Nita Barrow, Governor-General of Barbados, dies at age 79. [1] * Harold Watkinson, politician/businessman, dies at age 85. [1] * Janet Wilder, stuntwoman, dies at age 29. [1] * Queen Elizabeth askes Prince Charles and Diana to divorce. [1] December 20 * American Flight 965 crashes in Colombia, 159 die, five survive. [1] * John Henry Jacques, co-operative retailer, dies at age 90. [1] * Madge Sinclair, actress (Star Trek IV, Conrack, Convoy), dies at age 55. [1] December 21 * Robert Francis Vere Heuston, professor of law, dies at age 72. [1] * Trenchard Cox, museum director, dies at age 90. [1] December 22 * Butterfly McQueen, actress (Gone With the Wind), dies in a fire at age 84. [1] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film Tom and Huck to theaters in the US. [6]

1280

* Death of James Meade, English economist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1907). [29] December 23 * David Land, impressario, dies at age 77. [1] * Patric Reginald Lawrence Knowles, English actor (Chisum, Mutiny), dies at age 84 (born 1911). [1] [29] December 24 * Geoffrey Pinnington, journalist, dies at age 76. [1] * Harry McLevy, trade unionist, dies at age 59. [1] December 25 * Dean Martin, American singer/actor (Return to Me), dies at age 78 (born 1917). [1] [5] [29] * Emmanuel Levinas, philosopher, dies at age 89. [1] * Nikolai [Nicolas Leonidovich] Slonimsky, Russian/American musicologist, dies at age 101 (born 1894). [1] [29] December 27 * Jeremy John Beadle, writer/broadcaster, dies at age 39. [1] * Peter Refn, Danish journalist/director (Violets are Blue), dies at age 54. [1] * Shura Cherkassky, pianist, dies at age 86. [1] December 28 * Harold Francis Collison, trade unionist, dies at age 84. [1] December 29 * Hope Clara Chenhalls, food inspector, dies at age 85. [1] * Louise Chaplin, actress, dies at age 87. [1] * Madeleine Barot, resistance heroine, dies at age 86. [1] * Nello Celio, President of Switzerland (1972), dies at age 81. [1] December 30 * Heiner Müller, German poet and playwriter, dies at age 66 (born 1929). [1] [29] * Roger W Suddards, solicitor, dies at age 65. [1] * Death of Doris Grau, American actress (born 1924). [29] * The lowest ever United Kingdom temperature of -27.2 degrees C is recorded at Altnaharra in the Scottish Highlands. This equals the record set at Braemar, Aberdeenshire in 1895 and 1982. [29]

1281

December 31 * Cartoonist Bill Watterson ends his "Calvin and Hobbes" comic strip. [1] * John Powell, campaigner, dies at age 75. [1] Year * Legal gambling in the United States grosses over US$40 billion in revenues. [39]

1282

1996 January 1 * Arleigh Albert Burke, British Admiral, dies at age 94. [1] * Arthur Rudolph, rocket engineer, dies at age 89. [1] * Curaçao gains limited form of self rule (Status Aparte). [1] * Hamish Imlach, folk singer/comic, dies at age 55. [1] * In Minahasa, Sulawesi, Indonesia, a magnitude 7.9 earthquake occurs. At least eight people killed, more than 350 buildings damaged. [53] January 2 * Death of Karl Targownik, Hungarian psychiatrist and Holocaust survivor (born 1915). [28] * Sydney Thompson, rock Climber, dies at age 81. [1] * Thornton Page, astrophysicist, dies at age 82. [1] January 3 * Geoffrey Pardoe, engineer, dies at age 67. [1] * Terence Tenison Cuneo, artist, dies at age 88. [1] January 4 * Ramon Vinay, operatic tenor/baritone, dies at age 83. [1] * Roy McKelvie, soldier/sports writer, dies at age 83. [1] January 5 * Jay Morris Arena, inventor/pediatrician, dies at age 86. [1] * Joseph Daniel White, singer/bandleader, dies at age 84. [1] * Lincoln Kirstein, ballet administrator, dies at age 88. [1] * Hamas operative Yahya Ayyash is killed by an Israeli-planted booby-trapped cell phone. [28] * Richard Versaille, tenor, dies at age 63. [1] * German physicist Walter Oelert succeeds in creating antimatter atoms at the CERN Research Center. [37] January 6 * Duane Hanson, sculptor, dies at age 60. [1] * Henry Lennox d'Aubigny Hopkinson, diplomat/politician, dies at age 94. [1] * John Phillipps Kenyon, historian/teacher, dies at age 68. [1] * Record US$65.2 million British lottery won by three people (2-3-4-13-42-44). [1] * Robert Russell "Chubby" Wise, musician, dies at age 80. [1]

1283

January 7 * 16th United Negro College Fund raises $12,600,000. [1] * James Holland, artist/exhibition organiser, dies at age 90. [1] * Karoly Grosz, Prime Minister of Hungry (1987-88), dies at age 65. [1] * Robley D Evans, nuclear physicist, dies at age 88. [1] * Seton Howard Frederick Lloyd, archaeologist, dies at age 93. [1] * Khun Sa (Chang Chi-fu), master of heroin trade in Burma/Myanmar, surrenders to Burmese army under promise of government protection. [95.106] * One of the worst blizzards in American history hits the eastern states, killing more than 100 people. [28] January 8 * Francois Mitterrand, President of France (1981-95), dies of cancer at age 79. [1] [28] * A Zairean cargo plane crashes into a crowded market in the center of the capital Kinshasa - 350 dead. [28] * William Mac Lance "Tiny" McCloud, musician/songwriter, dies at age 52. [1] January 9 * Mary "Fearless" Nadia Wadia, Indian actress and stuntwoman, dies at age 88 (born 1908). [1] [28] * Kurt Schmucker, German RFA minister of Economy (1963-66), dies. [1] * Michael Lynn Synar, politician, dies at age 45. [1] * Death of Sultan Rahi, Pakistani film actor (born 1938). [28] * Art forger Eric Hebborn is assassinated in Rome, Italy. [28] (January 11 [1]) January 10 * Alexander Robertus, organic chemist, dies at age 88. [1] * Arthur Sydney Martin, spycatcher, dies at age 81. [1] * Israel frees hundreds of Palestinian prisoners. [1] January 11 * Harold Walter Bailey, philologist, dies at age 96. [1] * Hubert Nicholson, poet/novelist, dies at age 87. [1] * Ike Isaacs, guitarist, dies at age 76. [1] * Space Shuttle STS 72 (Endeavour 10), launches into space. [1] January 12 * Edmund Happold, engineer, dies at age 65. [1] * John Howard Purnell, scientist, dies at age 70. [1]

1284

* Peggy Braithwaite, lighthouse-keeper, dies at age 76. [1] * Russian troops arrive in Bosnia (joint operation with US). [1] January 13 * Denise Grey [Edouardine Verthuy], actress (Julietta), dies at age 99. [1] * Willian Myuon Bany, guerrilla leader dies. [1] January 14 * Eric Briault, educationalist, dies at age 84. [1] * Pamelo Mounk'a, musician, dies at age 50. [1] * Jorge Sampaio is elected president of Portugal. [28] January 15 * Les Baxter, singer/orchestra leader/composer (Born Again), dies at age 73 (born 1922). [1] [28] * Chief Moshushu II, King of Lesotho (1966-90), dies at age 51 (born 1938). [1] [28] * Richard Charles Cobb, historian, dies at age 78. [1] January 16 * Kaye Webb, publisher, dies at age 81. [1] January 17 * Barbara Charline Jordan, American politician, dies at age 59 (born 1936). [1] [28] * Charles Henry Madge, poet writer/sociologist, dies at age 83. [1] * Giles William Playfair, writer, dies at age 85. [1] * John Adrian Hope, politician/businessman, dies at age 83. [1] * Robert Covington, drummer/singer, dies at age 54. [1] January 18 * Leonor Fini, Argentine painter, dies at age 87 (born 1908). [1] [28] * Lisa Marie Presley files for divorce from Michael Jackson in New York. [1] * Minnesota Fats [Rudolf Wanderone Jr], billiard hustler, dies at age 82. [1] (January 15 [5]) * Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao, Prime Minister of Andhra Pradesh, India (1983-84, 1984-89, 1994-95), dies (born 1923). [1] [28] January 19 * Bernard Baily, comic artist, dies at age 79. [1] * Donald Simpson, film producer, dies at age 52. [1]

1285

* Harold Wolpe, sociologist lawyer/South African activist, dies at age 70. [1] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Mr. Holland's Opus to theaters in the USA. [6] January 20 * Buster Benton, singer/guitarist, dies at age 63. [1] * David Robin Francis Guy Greville, 8th Duke of Warwick, dies at age 61. [1] * Ellis Hillman, politician, dies at age 68. [1] * Yasser Arafat is re-elected president of the Palestinian Authority. [28] * Gerald Joseph Mulligan, American baritone saxophonist/composer, dies at age 68 (born 1927). [1] [28] * Liesbeth Askonas, concert agent, dies at age 83. [1] * Peter Stadlen, pianist/critic, dies at age 85. [1] * Sidney Korshak, lawyer, dies at age 87. [1] January 21 * 53th Golden Globes: Mel Gibson, Nicole Kidman, John Travolta. [1] * Roman Ciesiewicz, artist/graphic designer, dies at age 65. [1] * Sam Green, industrialist/inventor, dies at age 88. [1] January 22 * Edward Thomas, historian/intelligence expert, dies at age 77. [1] * Efua Theodore Sutherland, writer, dies at age 71. [1] * Mabel Leigh, potter, dies at age 80. [1] * Yisrael Eldad, extremist politician, dies at age 85. [1] * Andreas Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece, resigns due to health problems; a new government forms under Costas Simitis. [28] January 23 * John Mackin, programmer, dies at age 36. [1] * Norman MacCaig, poet, dies at age 85. [1] * Shirley Carter Burden, patrician, dies at age 54. [1] * The first version of the Java programming language is released. [28] January 24 * Ursula Heathcote Nicholls, campaigner, dies at age 75. [1] * Polish Premier Jozef Oleksy resigns amid charges that he spied for Moscow. [28] January 25

1286

* Jonathan Larson, American composer and playwright, dies of aortic aneurysm at age 35 (born 1960). [1] [28] * Ruth Berghaus, choreographer/director, dies at age 68. [1] * The Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, Helmut Kohl, is awarded the Gold Medallion for Humanitarian Service of the international Jewish organization, B'nai B'rith. [37] January 26 * Les Miserables opens at Musichall Theatre, Duisburg. [1] * Harold Brodkey, writer, dies at age 65. [1] * Henry Jay Lewis, conductor, dies at age 63. [1] January 27 * Colonel Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara deposes the first democratically elected president of Niger, Mahamane Ousmane, in a military coup. [28] * Fifteen-day old siamese twins separated; Sarah Morales survives, Sarahi dies. [1] * Barbara Skelton, writer, dies at age 79. [1] * Catherine Roskam becomes the first New York female Episcopal bishop. [1] * France performs nuclear test at Muruora Island. [1] * Germany celebrates its first Holocaust Remembrance Day. [1] * John Patrick Sutton Ludlow, actor (Agatha), dies at age 93. [1] * Julian Hill, research chemist, dies at age 91. [1] * Olga Havlova, political activist, dies at age 63. [1] * Ralph Webster Yarborough, politician, dies at age 92. [1] January 28 * Burne Hogarth, strip-cartoon artist, dies at age 84. [1] * Jerry Siegel, American comic book writer (Superman), dies at age 81 (born 1914). [1] [28] * John Mosely, recording expert/entrepreneur, dies at age 81. [1] * Joseph Brodsky, Russian-born poet, Nobel Prize laureate, dies at age 55 (born 1940). [1] [28] * U San Yu, soldier/politician, President of Burma in (1981-88), dies at age 77. [1] * Victor "Toby" Neuberg, teacher/writer, dies at age 71. [1] January 29 * 23rd American Music Awards: Garth Brooks wins. [1] * 6,138th performance of Cats is held in London, surpassing record of Broadway's longest-running musical, A Chorus Line. [1] * Jack Sutherland, journalist, dies at age 79. [1] * John Terence Reese, bridge master, dies at age 82. [1]

1287

* President Jacques Chirac announces a "definitive end" to French nuclear testing. [5] [28] * Fire destroys La Fenice, Venice's opera house. [28] * A Greek flag is hoisted on a small rocky island named Imia (Greek) / Kardak (Turkish). [28] January 30 * Bob Thiele, record producer, dies at age 73. [1] * Guy Doleman, actor (Deadly Bees, Idol, Thunderball), dies at age 72. [1] * Irish National Liberation Army leader Gino Gallagher is killed in an internal feud, while in line for his unemployment benefits. [28] January 31 * Corel purchases WordPerfect, Quattro Pro, and the PerfectOffice application suite from Novell for US$180 million in cash, stock, and future licensing royalties. [4] * Gustave Solomon, American mathematician and engineer, dies at age 65 (born 1930). [1] [28] * An explosives-filled truck rams into the gates of the Central Bank in Colombo, Sri Lanka, killing at least 86 and injuring 1,400. [28] February 1 * Clive Burton, neuropathologist, dies at age 54. [1] February 2 * Ali Landry, 22, (Louisiana), crowned 45th Miss USA. [1] * Gene Kelly, American actor/dancer (Singing in the Rain), dies at age 83 (born 1912). [1] [28] * Ray McIntire, chemical engineer, dies at age 77. [1] * Shamus Culhane, animator, dies at age 87. [1] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film White Squall to theaters in the USA. [6] * Apple Computer's board of directors names Gilbert Amelio as new CEO, replacing Michael Spindler. [4] February 3 * Audrey Meadows, American actress (Alice - The Honeymooners), dies at 69 (born 1926). [1] [28] * Broderick Vernon Chinnery-Haldane, photographer, dies at age 83. [1] * Edward Adamson, art therapist/collector, dies at age 84. [1] * Edward Frederick Weston Goodman, property developer, dies at age 81. [1] * Tibor Reich, textile designer, dies at age 79. [1]

1288

* Wild Jimmy Spruill, blues guitarist, dies at age 61. [1] * In Yunnan, China, a magnitude 6.6 earthquake occurs. At least 322 people killed, 3,925 seriously injured and 13,000 slightly injured. About 358,000 housing units collapsed and 654,000 others were damaged. More than 320,000 people were left homeless. [53] February 5 * Antonio Ruiz Soler, Spanish dancer, dies at age 74. [1] * Gianandrea Gavazzeni, conductor, dies at age 86. [1] * Peter Pooley, broadcaster, dies at age 84. [1] * W R Lee, language teacher, dies at age 84. [1] * Netscape Communications ships Netscape Navigator 2.0 web browser for Windows 3.1, 95, NT, and the Macintosh. Price is US$49. It features support for JavaScript, Java applets, streaming audio, and 3D. [4] February 6 * Guy Madison, American actor (Wild Bill Hickok), dies at age 74 (born 1922). [1] [28] * Ronald Fletcher, broadcaster, dies at age 85. [1] * Rosemary Tsay, drama critic/SOE operator, dies at age 76. [1] February 7 * George Lowthian Trevelyan, designer/visionary, dies at age 89. [1] * Isian Kehinde I K Dairo musician/academic, dies at age 65. [1] * Lillian Rambach, teacher violinist, dies at age 84. [1] * Lydia Korneevna Chukovskaya, writer, dies at age 88. [1] * Tiny Winters, musician, dies at age 87. [1] * Death of Boris Alexandrovich Tchaikovsky, Russian composer (born 1925). [28] February 8 * John Hartford Worlock, Roman Catholic Bishop (Liverpool), dies at age 76. [1] * Mercer Kennedy Ellington, trumpeter bandleader/composer, dies at age 76. [1] * An Irish Republican Army ceasefire ends with a one-ton bomb in London's Canary Wharf District, killing two and causing over one billion pounds worth of damage. [28] * The massive Internet collaboration "24 Hours in Cyberspace" takes place. [5] February 9 * Adolf Galland, General (Luftwaffe), dies at age 83. [1] * Alistair Cameron Crombie, historian of science, dies at age 80. [1] * Barry Troyna, teacher/educational sociologist, dies at age 44. [1] * Discovery of the element Ununbium. [28]

1289

* Charles Henry "Harry" Urwin, trade unionist, dies at age 80. [1] * Gerald Savory, actor playwright/TV producer (3 Weeks), dies at age 86. [1] * Death of Adolf Galland in Oberwinter, Germany; fighter pilot in World War II, shot down over 100 Allied planes. [37] February 10 * Hugh Francis Lamprey, ecologist, dies at age 67. [1] * IBM's chess computer "Deep Blue" defeats world chess champion Garry Kasparov for the first time. [1] [28] February 11 * Amelia Rosselli, Italian poet, dies at age 65 (born 1930). [1] [28] * Kebby Musokotwane, Prime Minister of Zambia (1985-89), dies (born 1946). [1] [28] * Phil Regan, American actor (Las Vegas Night, Dames, Housewife), dies at age 88 (born 1906). [1] [28] February 12 * Bob Shaw, Irish science fiction writer, dies of cancer at age 64 (born 1931). [28] (February 11 [1]) * Roger Omond, journalist, dies at age 51. [1] February 13 * Daniel K Womack, singer/guitarist, dies at age 91. [1] * Martin Balsam, actor (Archie's Place), dies at age 76. [1] February 14 * Caroline Blackwood, writer, dies at age 64. [1] * Eva Hart, Titanic survivor, dies at age 90. [1] * Ivan William Hannaford, sociologist, dies at age 64. [1] February 15 * Bruno Ferenc Straub, Hungarian statesman, dies. [1] * Margaret Courtenay, actress (Royal Flash, Duet for One), dies at age 72. [1] * In south-west Wales, the Sea Empress oil tanker runs aground, spilling 73,000 tonnes of crude oil, killing many birds. [28] * The U.S. Embassy in Athens, Greece comes under mortar fire. [28] * A Long March 3 at the Xichang launch site in China crashes into a rural village after liftoff, killing 500. [28]

1290

* McLean Stevenson, American actor (MASH, Hello Larry), dies at age 66 (born 1929). [1] [28] * Oscar Abrams, community organiser, dies at age 58. [1] * Tommy Rettig, actor (Lassie)/computer programmer (Clipper), dies at age 54. [1] February 16 * Brownie McGhee, American blues guitarist, dies at age 81 (born 1915). [1] [28] * Charles McCorquodale, art historian, dies at age 47. [1] * Edmund G "Pat" Brown, Governor of California, dies at age 90 (born 1905). [1] [28] * Kenneth Robinson, politician/businessman, dies at age 84. [1] * Roger Bowen, American actor (MASH, Main Event, What about Bob), dies at age 62 (born 1932). [1] [28] * Susan Bosence, textile designer, dies at age 82. [1] * Walter Brown "Brownie" McGhee, blues singer/guitarist, dies at age 80. [1] February 17 * Bentley Bridgewater, British Museum secretary, dies at age 84. [1] * Henry Guinness, missionary, dies at age 87. [1] * Jean Writer-Pierre Herve Bazin dies at age 84. [1] * Michael Raptis, writer/revolutionary, dies at age 84. [1] * [Elsie] Evelyn Laye, actress/singer (Sun Child), dies at age 95. [1] * In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Garry Kasparov beats "Deep Blue" in a second chess match. [28] * In Irian Jaya Region, Indonesia, a magnitude 8.2 earthquake occurs. At least 164 people killed or missing, 423 injured, 5,043 houses destroyed or damaged. Extensive damage from the tsunami, which reached heights of 7 metres. [53] February 18 * Brian Daley, writer, dies at age 48. [1] * An Irish Republican Army briefcase bomb in a bus kills the bomber and injures nine in the West End of London. [28] * Jack Thieuloy, writer, dies at age 64. [1] * Nicholas Beriozoff, ballet master, dies at age 89. [1] * Richard Leslie Hill, historian, dies at age 94. [1] February 19 * In Canada, the Royal Canadian Mint releases a $2 circulating coin, depicting a polar bear on an ice flow. The coin is Canada's first bi-metallic coin, with a core of aluminum bronze, and an outer ring of pure nickel. At the same time, the Bank of Canada ceases production of $2 notes. [3] * Brenda Bruce, actress (December Bride, Nightmare), dies at age 77. [1] * Grant Sawyer, US politician, dies at age 76. [1]

1291

* Madhaviah Krishnan, naturalist, dies at age 83. [1] February 20 * Jeffrey Kindersley Quill, Test pilot, dies at age 83. [1] * Michael Herford Wooller, TV/film producer, dies at age 69. [1] * Toru Takemitsu, Japanese composer, dies at age 65 (born 1930). [1] [28] * Walter Charles Marshall, scientist, dies at age 63. [1] February 21 * Horace Leonard Gold, science fiction writer/editor, dies at age 81. [1] * Jean Burroughs, educationalist, dies at age 67. [1] * Morton Gould, American musician and composer, dies at age 82 (born 1913). [1] [28] * Soyuz TM-23 launched into orbit. [1] * Terence Edward Armstrong, polar geographer, dies at age 75. [1] * Off the coast of Northern Peru, a magnitude 7.5 earthquake occurs. [53] February 22 * Disney launches the Disney.com web site on the Internet. Primary purpose of the site is to provide travel info on Disneyland and Walt Disney World, and to promote Disney merchandise. [6] * Niall MacDermott, lawyer/politician, dies at age 79. [1] * STS 75 (Columbia 19), launches into orbit. [1] February 23 * George Alan Dawson, jazz drummer/teacher, dies at age 66. [1] * Joseph Walker Barr, banker/politician, dies at age 78. [1] February 24 * Anna Larina, revolutionary, dies at age 82. [1] * Cuba downs two US planes. [1] * Gene Mitchell, museum director, dies on 70th birthday. [1] * James Runcieman Sutherland, academic, dies at age 95. [1] * Laurence Richard Deniz, jazz guitarist, dies at age 71. [1] February 25 * Haing S. Ngor, Cambodian doctor/actor (Killing Fields), murdered at age 45 (born 1940). [1] [28] * Vehbi Koc, industrialist/philanthropist, dies at age 94. [1]

1292

February 26 * Daniel John Chapman Cunningham, physiologist, dies at age 76. [1] * Silicon Graphics makes a cash tender offer of US$30 per share for 75% of Cray Research stock, for a total cost of US$576 million. The merger is expected to be completed by June. [4] * Death of Mieczyslaw Weinberg, Polish composer (born 1919). [28] February 27 * François Chaumette, actor (They Never Slept, Christine), dies at age 72. [1] * George Ian Murray, 10th Duke of Atholl, dies at age 64. [1] * Sylvia Williams, museum director/curator, dies at age 60. [1] February 28 * 38th Grammy Awards: Jagged Little Pill-Alanis Morisette wins. [1] * Daniel Chipenda, Angolan politician, dies at age 64. [1] February 29 * Joe Minogue, journalist, dies at age 72. [1] * John Grant, Rear Admiral, dies at age 87. [1] * Soyuz TM-23 lands. [1] * Wes Farrell, songwriter, dies at age 56. [1] March 1 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Up Close and Personal to theaters in the US. [6] * Margaret McKay, politician, dies at age 85. [1] * New toll-free 888 area code introduced in North America. [1] * Iraqi forces refuse UNSCOM inspection teams access to five sites designated for inspection. The teams enter the sites only after delays of up to 17 hours. [28] March 2 * Jacobo Majluta, President of Dominican Republic (1982), dies at age 61. [1] * John Howard is elected Prime Minister of Australia in a landslide, over the Labor Party's Paul Keating. [28] * Ranabima Royal College, Sri Lanka, is established. [28] March 3 * 26th Easter Seal Telethon. [1] * David Bowman, trade unionist, dies at age 82. [1]

1293

* John Joseph Krol, cardinal, dies at age 95. [1] * Leo Malet, writer, dies at age 86. [1] * Ludwig Freiherr von Hammerstein-Equord, journalist, dies at age 76. [1] * Lyle Talbot [Henderson]; actor (Plan 9 From Outer Space), dies at age 76. [1] * Marguerite Duras, French writer and director, dies at age 81 (born 1914). [1] [28] * Meyer Schapiro, art historian, dies at age 91. [1] March 4 * Barbara Lewis, British obituarist, dies at age 55. [1] * Minnie Pearl, American country comedienne (Grand Ole Opry), dies at age 84 (born 1912). [1] [5] [28] March 5 * Joshua Compston, art impressario, dies at age 26. [1] * Khundaqar Mushtaq Amhed, President of Bangladesh (1975), dies. [1] * Nicolas Cotoner y Cotoner Spanish courtier, dies at age 90. [1] * Whit Bissell, actor (Time Tunnel), dies at age 86. [1] March 6 * 10th American Comedy Awards. [1] * Second Blockbuster Entertainment Awards. [1] * Douglas Patrick Thomas Jay, politician, dies at age 88. [1] * Herbert "Herb" Hall, clarinetist/saxophonist, dies at age 88. [1] * Simon Cadell, actor (Enemy at the Door), dies at age 45. [1] March 7 * First surface photos of Pluto (photographed by Hubble Space Telescope). [1] * Aled Eames, maritime historian, dies at age 74. [1] * British Steel in Workington wins Lithuanian multi-million pound order. [1] March 8 * Alison McCartney, pathologist/breast cancer campaigner, dies at age 45. [1] * Jack Malcolm Thorpe Fleming Churchill, commando, dies at age 89. [1] * Paul Lewis Harrhy, actor/opera singer (Intelligence Park), dies at age 38. [1] March 9 * Jorge Sampaio is the new Portuguese president. [28] * Alan Hugh Iliffe, psychologist, dies at age 77. [1] * Elman Ali Ahmed, peace campaigner, dies at age 42. [1] * Peter Mansfield, writer, dies at age 67. [1]

1294

* STS 75 (Columbia 19), lands. [1] * Death of George Burns, American actor and singer (born 1896). [28] March 10 * 22nd People's Choice Awards: Apollo 13, Tom Hanks win. [1] * Lucius E Burch Jr, US civil rights leader, dies at age 84. [1] * Ross Hunter, US producer (Airport, Madame X, Pillow Talk), dies at age 75. [1] March 11 * Barry Appleby, cartoonist, dies at age 86. [1] * Charles William Oatley, electrical engineer, dies at age 92. [1] * Clifton Eugene Bancroft Robinson, public servant, dies at age 70. [1] * John Henry Pyle Pafford, librarian, dies at age 96. [1] * Vince Edwards, actor (Ben Casey), dies of cancer at age 67. [1] * The European Union Database Directive passes. [5] March 12 * Charles Bruce Perry, professor of medicine, dies at age 92. [1] * Gyula Kallai, Prime Minister of Hungry (1965-67), dies at age 85. [1] * John Anthony Bowden Cuddon, writer/teacher, dies at age 67. [1] March 13 * Brian Hulls, television news cameraman, dies at age 48. [1] * Krzysztof Kieslowski, Polish film director, dies of heart attack at age 54 (born 1941). [1] [28] * Lucio Fulci, film director, dies at age 68. [1] * Lucy Faithfull, children's campaigner, dies at age 85. [1] * Unemployed former shopkeeper Thomas Hamilton walks into the Dunblane Primary School in Scotland and opens fire, killing 16 students and one teacher before fatally shooting himself. [1] [28] March 14 * Nico Kiasashvii, professor of English Literature, dies at age 69. [1] * Vic Marshall, chemist, dies at age 74. [1] March 15 * Helen Chadwick, artist, dies at age 42. [1] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Two Much to theaters in the US. [6] * Olga Rudge, violinist, dies at age 100. [1]

1295

* Roswell Leavitt Gilpatric, lawyer/diplomat, dies at age 89. [1] March 16 * Joseph Lee Pope, singer, dies at age 62. [1] * Olive Netta Parsons, co-founder of Collet's bookshop, dies at age 104. [1] * Peter Clemoes, Anglo-Saxon scholar, dies at age 76. [1] * Death of Charlie Barnett, American actor (born 1954). [28] March 17 * Bela Szigetim theoretical physicist, dies at age 83. [1] * Kenneth Jameson, art educationalist, dies at age 83. [1] * René Clément, French film director, dies at age 83 (born 1913). [1] [28] * Thomas Enders, diplomat, dies at age 64. [1] March 18 * Alepoude Odysseus Elytis, Greek poet, Nobel Prize laureate, dies at age 84 (born 1911). [1] [28] * Hawkes Jessie Jacquetta Priestley, archaeologist, dies at age 85. [1] March 19 * Christopher John Magenis Headington, musician, dies at age 65. [1] * William Hutchinson Murray, mountaineer/author, dies at age 83. [1] * Winnie Mandela divorces Nelson after 38 years of marrage. [1] * Death of Virginia Henderson, American nurse theorist (born 1897). [28] * Death of Chen Jingrun, Chinese mathematician (born 1933). [28] * Sarajevo becomes a united city again when Bosniak authorities take control of the last district held by Serbs. [28] * In Southern Xinjiang, China, a magnitude 6.3 earthquake occurs. At least 24 people killed, 128 injured and more than 15,314 houses destroyed. [53] March 20 * Alan Ridout, composer, dies at age 61. [1] * Claude Bourdet, human rights activist/journalist, dies at age 86. [1] * In Los Angeles, California, Lyle and Erik Menendez are found guilty of first-degree murder for the shotgun killing of their parents. [1] [28] * The British Government announces that Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease) has likely been transmitted to people. [1] [28] * Victor Zorza, journalist/Russian specialist, dies at age 71. [1] March 21

1296

* Eric Brand, diplomat, dies at age 73. [1] * Frank Murray, police Officer, dies at age 51. [1] March 22 * Cheryl Depew, of Florida, crowned 13th Miss Hawaiian Tropic International. [1] * Claude Mauriac, writer, dies at age 81. [1] * Capcom releases the Resident Evil game for the PlayStation in the US. The game innovates by creating the survival-horror genre. (Total sales: over two million copies.) [9] * Robert Franklin Overmyer, astronaut (STS 5, STS 51-B), dies at age 59. [1] * Robert Mellors, gay activist, dies at age 47. [1] * Ronald George Hayward, political manager, dies at age 78. [1] * STS 76 (Atlantis 16), launches into orbit. [1] March 23 * Jay D Miller, record producer, dies at age 73. [1] * Peter Baer, artist/printmaker, dies at age 72. [1] * The Republic of China on Taiwan holds its first direct elections for president; Lee Teng-hui is re-elected. [28] March 24 * 16th Golden Raspberry Awards: Showgirls wins. [1] * MTA raises New York City bridge tolls to $3.50 each way. [1] * Maria Lucia Beltran Alcayaga, singer, dies at age 66. [1] March 25 * 68th Academy Awards: Braveheart, Nicholas Cage and Susan Sarandon win. [1] * Comet C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake) approaches within 0.1018 astronomical units (AUs) of Earth. [1] * John Derrick Mordaunt Snagge, British radio news commentator (BBC), dies at age 91 (born 1904). [1] [28] * US issues newly-redesigned $100 bill. [1] * An armed standoff between antigovernment Freemen in Jordan, Montana, and US federal officers begins. The standoff lasts 81 days. [28] * The tobacco millionaire Jan Philipp Reemtsma is kidnapped in HamburgBlankenese. [37] March 26 * David Packard, American electronic engineer/businessman, dies at age 83 (born 1912). [1] [28] * Edmund S Muskie, US Vice Presidential candidate/(Governor-Democrat- Maine), dies at age 81. [1]

1297

* The International Monetary Fund approves a US$10.2 billion loan to Russia for economic reform. [28] * Thomas Wakefield, writer, dies at age 60. [1] March 27 * Because of BSE (mad cow disease) the European Commission stops the import of British beef. [37] March 28 * Barbara McLean, film editor, dies at age 86. [1] * Charles Barnet "Roscoe" Harvey, soldier, dies at age 95. [1] * David Band, banker, dies at age 53. [1] * Edith Fowke, folklorist, dies at age 82. [1] * Hans Blumenberg, philosopher, dies at age 75. [1] * James Herbert Lloyd Morrell, bishop, dies at age 89. [1] * Katie Beam, 17, of Oklahoma, crowned 35th Miss Teenage America. [1] * Ken Dibbs, actor (Suddenly, Party Girl, High Society), dies at age 78. [1] * Shin Kanemaru, Vice President of Japan (1986-87), dies at age 81. [1] * Fire breaks out at the Pasar Anyar shopping centre in Bogor, West Java. The first death toll estimate is 78 until rescuers notice that 68 of them are mannequins. [28] * Three British soldiers are found guilty of the manslaughter of Danish tour guide Louise Jensen in Cyprus. Allan Ford, Justin Fowler and Geoffrey Pernell receive life sentences for their crime, which was committed in September 1994. [28] * Simon Harcourt Nowell-Smith, British bibliophile, dies at age 87. [1] * In Ecuador, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake occurs. At least 27 people killed, 100 injured, several thousand homeless. [53] March 29 * 10th Soul Train Music Awards: Patti Labelle, Boyz II Men win. [1] * Death of Frank Daniel, Czech-born writer, director, producer, teacher (born 1926). [28] March 30 * Hugh Edward Lance Falkus, filmmaker/naturalist, dies at age 78. [1] * Ryoei Saito, businessman, dies at age 79. [1] March 31 * Dante Giacosa, engineer/designer, dies at age 91. [1] * Dario Bellezza, poet, dies at age 51. [1] * Jeffrey Lee Pierce, American musician (The Gun Club and The Cramps), dies at age 37 (born 1958). [1] [28]

1298

* Julius Young, fast food entrepreneur, dies at age 73. [1] * Radio Canada International's final shortwave broadcast. [1] * Space Shuttle STS 76 (Atlantis 16), lands. [1] * Wrestlemania XII: Shawn Michaels beats Brett Hart for WWF title. [1] April 1 * Alfredo Nobre Coast, Prime Minister of Portugal (1978), dies. [1] * Edwin H "Buddy" Morris, music publisher, dies at age 89. [1] * John Alwyne Kitching, zoologist, dies at age 87. [1] * Mario Viegas, actor (The Jew, Divine Comedy), dies at age 47. [1] * Death of Florence Buchsbaum, theater director and musician (born 1926). [28] * The Halifax Regional Municipality in Nova Scotia is created. [28] April 2 * U.S. Mafioso John Gotti is found guilty of murdering Paul Castellano. [28] April 3 * Carl Stokes, mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, dies (born 1927). [1] [28] * Christopher John Seward, aid worker, dies at age 45. [1] * Suspected "Unabomber" Theodore Kaczynski is arrested at his Montana cabin. [28] * A Lunar eclipse occurs. [28] * A plane carrying United States Commerce Secretary Ron Brown crashes near Dubrovnik, Croatia, killing him. [1] [28] * Roosevelt "Booba" Barnes, bluesman, dies at age 59. [1] April 4 * Carl Burton Stokes, politician, dies at age 68. [1] * David Keylsey, actor/director, dies at age 63. [1] * David Whitton, campaigner, dies at age 44. [1] * Frederick Denison Maurice Hocking, pathologist, dies at age 97. [1] * Joy Newton, dancer, dies at age 82. [1] * Larry LaPrise, American songwriter, dies at age 83 (born 1912). [1] [28] * Seamas NacNeill, piper, dies at age 79. [1] * Comet Hyakutake is imaged by the USA Asteroid Orbiter Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous. [5] April 5 * Peter Nailor, civil servant/historian, dies at age 67. [1] April 6

1299

* Greer Garson, English actress (Goodbye Mr Chips), dies at age 92 (born 1904). [1] [28] April 7 * Ian Spurling, ballet designer, dies at age 59. [1] * Pakistan beats Sri Lanka to win Singer Cup in Singapore. [1] April 8 * Basil Hembry, farmer/campaigner, dies at age 80. [1] * Ben Johnson, cowboy actor (Tex, Dillinger), dies of heart attack at age 77. [1] * Charles Donald Adams, singer, dies at age 67. [1] * Death of George W. Jenkins, American businessman (born 1907). [28] April 9 * James William Rouse, US builder (shopping malls), dies at age 81. [1] * Maisie Fitter, editor/conservationist, dies at age 83. [1] * Richard Thomas Condon, author, dies at age 81. [1] * Sandy Becker, New York City Kiddie TV Show host (Sandy Becker Show), dies at age 74. [1] April 11 * King and I, premieres at Neil Simon Theater in New York City for 781 performances. [1] * Daniel Wolf, journalist, dies at age 80. [1] * Edwin Clarke, historian/neurologist, dies at age 76. [1] * Louis Osman, artist/goldsmith/craftsman, dies at age 82. [1] * Marcel Bleustein-Blanchet, advertising magnate, dies at age 89. [1] * A construction accident leads to the burning of the Düsseldorf airport in Germany. [37] April 12 * Marthe Robert, essayist/translator, dies at age 82. [1] * Nancy Sheehan, writer, dies at age 69. [1] * William Wilkinson, businessman/conservationist, dies at age 63. [1] * Jessica Dubroff, aged 7, is killed in a crash near Cheyenne, Wyoming, while attempting to set a record as the youngest person to pilot an airplane across the United States. [28] (April 10 [1]) April 13 * Denis Sargan, econometrician, dies at age 71. [1]

1300

* George Mackey Brown, poet, dies at age 74. [1] * James "Jimmy the Gent" Burke, criminal, dies at age 64. [1] April 14 * Benjamin "Zik" Azikiwe Nnamdi, politician, dies at age 91. [1] * Gaylord Birch, drummer (Pointer Sisters, Herbie Hancock), dies at age 50. [1] * Manuel A "Manny" Greenhill, record producer, dies at age 80. [1] * Mervyn Levy, artist/critic, dies at age 81. [1] * William K Everson, film historian, dies at age 67. [1] April 15 * The treasure of Primos found by Heinrich Schliemann in 1873 in Troy and taken from Berlin in 1945 by Russians is exhibited in Moscow for the first time. Prior to 1996 the Soviet Union had denied knowledge of the whereabouts of the hundreds of thousands of artifacts. [37] April 16 * Lucille Bremer, dancer/actress (Ziegfeld Follies), dies at age 73. [1] * Madeleine Bourdouxhe, writer, dies at age 89. [1] * Raymond Earl Hill, saxophonist, dies at age 62. [1] * Stavros Spyros Niarchos, Greek shipowner, dies at age 86. [1] April 17 * Eva Jones, poet/novelist, dies at age 82. [1] * Jose Luis Lopez Aranguren, philosopher, dies at age 86. [1] April 18 * A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum, opens at Saint James Theater in New York City for 715 performances. [1] * Kalim Siddiqui, islamic campaigner, dies at age 62. [1] * Michael Leander Farr, record producer, dies at age 55. [1] * Piet Hein, architect/poet/mathematician/inventor, dies at age 80. [1] * Robert William Paine, architect, dies at age 88. [1] * Over 100 Lebanese civilians are killed after Israel shells the United Nations compound in Qana. [28] April 19 * Bernard Edwards, bass player, dies at age 44. [1] * Peg Ridge, peace campaigner, dies at age 72. [1]

1301

April 20 * Cecilia Grace Hunt Reeves Gillie, BBC Executive, dies at age 88. [1] * Christopher Robin Milne, bookseller/son of writer A A Milne (Winnie the Pooh), dies at age 75 (born 1920). [1] [28] * Tran Van Tra, soldier, dies at age 77. [1] April 21 * Dzhokhar Dudayev, President of Republic of Chechenia (1991), dies at age 52 (born 1944). [1] [28] * Jimmy "The Greek" Snyder, oddsmaker/sportscaster (CBS), dies at age 76. [1] * Robert Hersant, press baron, dies at age 76. [1] * Rodney Meredith Thomas, architect/painter, dies at age 93. [1] * Zora Arkus-Duntov dies at age 86, in Grosse Pointe, Michigan. [1] [8] April 22 * David Shipman, film historian, dies at age 63. [1] * Erma Bombeck, American humorist and writer (Grass is Greener over the Septic Tank), dies at age 69 (born 1927). [1] [5] [28] * Hiteshwar Saikia, Prime Minister of Indian state of Assam (1991-96), dies. [1] April 23 * Leonard Kuntstat, blues discographer, dies at age 70. [1] * Pamela Lyndon Travers, writer (Mary Poppins), dies at age 96. [1] * Sotherby begins four-day auction of Jackie Onassis stuff. [1] April 24 * 31st Academy of Country Music Awards: Shania Twain wins. [1] * Donald Cammell, film director, dies at age 62. [1] * Preston Lockwood, actor (House of Windsor, Black Candle), dies at age 83. [1] April 25 * John Eustace Theodore Brancker, lawyer/parliamentarian, dies at age 87. [1] * John Lorne Campbell, folklorist, dies at age 90. [1] * Saul Bass, American graphic designer, dies at age 74 (born 1920). [1] [28] April 26 * Burton Stein, historian, dies at age 69. [1] * John Norrie McArthur, malariologist/microscopist, dies at age 94. [1] * Sotherby ends four-day auction of Jackie Onassis stuff-take in $34.5 million. [1]

1302

* Stirling Silliphant, American screenwriter and producer, dies at age 78 (born 1918). [1] [28] April 27 * Joan Sterndale Bennett, actress (Elizabeth - Dark Shadows), dies at age 86. [1] April 28 * Giles Grangier, film director, dies at age 84. [1] * Henry Clarke, fashion photographer, dies at age 75. [1] * Martin Bryant kills 35 people at the Tasmania tourist site in Port Arthur, Australia. [1] [28] * William E Colby, director of US Central Intelligence Agency (1973-76), dies at age 76. [1] April 29 * David William Eric Davis, broadcaster, dies at age 87. [1] * Jaime Garcia Terre, poet/essayist, dies at age 71. [1] * Siti Hartinah Suharto, wife of President Suharto of Indonesia, dies at age 72. [1] * Tony Hymphris, political activist, dies at age 45. [1] April 30 * David Michael Ifshin, British political campaign organiser, dies at age 46. [1] * David Opatoshu, actor (Torn Curtian, Raid on Entebbe), dies at age 78. [1] * Dutch/Italian Beppo-SAX launches from Cape Canaveral. [1] * Frank Henry Copplestone, TV executive, dies at age 71. [1] * Helene Cordet, entertainer/nightclub owner, dies at age 78. [1] * Julio Cesar Mendez Montenegro, President of Guatemala (1966-70), dies. [1] May 1 * Asher Wallfish, journalist, dies at age 67. [1] * Ivo Rudolph Jarosy, film scholar/exhibitor, dies at age 74. [1] * William Mitchell Byers, musician, dies on 79th birthday. [1] May 2 * Arthur Leslie Noel Douglas, Houghton civil servant, dies at age 97. [1] * Emile Habibi, writer, dies at age 73. [1] May 3 * Jack Weston, actor (Ishtar, Rad, Cuba), dies of lymphoma at age 71. [1]

1303

* In Western Nei Mongol, China, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake occurs. At least 18 people killed, 300 injured and extensive damage in the Baotou area. [53] May 4 * Jean Crepin, soldier/industrialist, dies at age 87. [1] * Stanley William Reed, cineaste, dies at age 85. [1] May 5 * Death of Salli Terri, Canadian mezzo-soprano (born 1922). [28] * Ai Qing, poet, dies at age 86. [1] * Renette Cruz, Vancouver, British Columbia, wins Miss Canadian Universe. [1] * In Germany, voters turn down a proposed merger of Berlin and Brandenburg. [37] May 6 * Alvaro Arzu aimed at ending 35 years of civil war. [1] * Frank Hercules, writer, dies at age 85. [1] * Geoffrey Dawes, physiologist, dies at age 78. [1] * Geoffrey Hodges, bomb disposal expert, dies at age 87. [1] * Guatemala's leftist guerrillas sign key accord with government. [1] * Joseph Stone, lawyer, dies at age 79. [1] * Leon Joseph Suenens, cardinal, dies at age 91. [1] * Michael Gerzon, mathematician, dies at age 50. [1] May 7 * Albert Meltzer, anarchist, dies at age 76. [1] * Comedian Martin Lawrence suffers a nervous breakdown. [1] * Henry Diamond, Irish Nationalist Member of Parliament, dies at age 87. [1] * Howard Frank Trayton Smith, diplomat/head of MI5, dies at age 76. [1] May 8 * Jane Cowan, cello teacher, dies at age 80. [1] * Luis Miguel, Domiguin bullfighter, dies at age 69. [1] * Serge Chermayeff, architect/designer, dies at age 95. [1] * South Africa's Const Assembly adopts permanent post-apartheid constitution. [1] * The first Goethe Institute in Eastern Germany is opened in Weimar. [37] May 10 * Two US Marine helicopters collided during joint US and British war games. [1]

1304

* A sudden storm engulfs Mount Everest with several climbing teams high on the mountain, leaving eight dead. By the end of the month, at least four other climbers die in the worst season of fatalities on the mountain to date. [28] May 11 * Bruce Boyce, singer/teacher, dies at age 85. [1] * Joan Thirkettle, journalist, dies at age 48. [1] * Malcolm MacEwen, writer, dies at age 84. [1] * Nnamdi Azikiwe, President of Nigeria (1963-66), dies. [1] * After takeoff from Miami, Florida, a fire started by improperly-handled oxygen canisters in the cargo hold of Atlanta-bound ValuJet Flight 592 causes the Douglas DC-9 to crash in the Florida Everglades, killing all 110 on board. [1] [28] * Death of Rob Hall, New Zealand mountaineer (born 1961). [28] * Walter Hyatt, musician, dies at age 46. [1] May 12 * Hubert William Dean, air armaments specialist, dies at age 84. [1] * Robert Edwin Hall, mountaineer/businessman, dies at age 35. [1] May 13 * John "Jack" Baines, mountaineering publisher, dies at age 57. [1] * OJ Simpson appears on British TV discussing his not guilty verdict. [1] * Severe thunderstorms and a tornado in Bangladesh kill 600. [28] May 14 * Edqard John Gurney, politician, dies at age 82. [1] * Qazaleh Alizadeh, writer, dies at age 48. [1] * Vera Chapman, writer, dies at age 98. [1] May 15 * George M Tindley, songwriter/vocalist, dies at age 57. [1] * Death of Charles B. Fulton, American judge (born 1910). [28] May 16 * Edward McInnes, German scholar, dies at age 60. [1] * Mike Jeremy Boorda, Chief of Naval Operations (US Navy), commits suicide at age 57. [1] * Pierre Debizet, resistance fighter/special agent, dies at age 72. [1] May 17

1305

* Alicia Machado, 18, of Venezuela crowned 45th Miss Universe. [1] * Willis Conover, broadcaster, dies at age 75. [1] * Death of Kevin Gilbert, American musician, composer, and record producer (born 1966). [28] May 18 * Dermot O'Callaghan Grubb, prison governor, dies at age 76. [1] May 19 * Johnny "Guitar" Watson, musician, dies at age 61. [1] * Margaret Rawlings, actress (Roman Holiday), dies at age 89. [1] * STS 77 (Endeavour 11), launches into orbit. [1] May 20 * Eric Davidson, comedy scriptwriter, dies at age 65. [1] * George Malcolm Thomson, journalist, dies at age 96. [1] * Jack Wyngaard, dancer, dies at age 37. [1] * Janaki Ramachandran, Prime Minister of Indian state of Tamil Nadu (1988), dies. [1] * John Pertwee, British actor (Doctor Who), dies at age 76 (born 1919). [1] [28] * The Supreme Court of the United States rules (Romer v. Evans) against a law that would have prevented any city, town or county in the state of Colorado from taking any legislative, executive, or judicial action to protect the rights of homosexuals. [28] * Julius Marmur, biochemist/geneticist, dies at age 70. [1] * Lewis B Combs, naval commander/civil engineer, dies at age 101. [1] May 21 * Al "Lash" La Rue, cowboy actor (Lash of the West), dies at age 78. [1] * Blackout in many areas of Queens, New York. [1] * Bobby Tulloch, ornithologist, dies at age 67. [1] * Eric Stuart Woord, archaeologist, dies at age 83. [1] * Laurence Dowdall, lawyer, dies at age 91. [1] * Mary Perot Nichols, journalist, dies at age 79. [1] * Peter Fletcher, music teacher, dies at age 60. [1] * The MV Bukoba sinks in Tanzanian waters in Lake Victoria, killing nearly 1,000 in one of Africa's worst maritime disasters. [28] * The Trappist Martyrs of Atlas are executed. [28] * Death of Paul Delph, American musician and producer (born 1957). [28] May 22

1306

* Paramount Pictures releases the film Mission: Impossible to theaters in the USA and Canada. [4] * Duncan Montgomery Stewart, academic, dies at age 66. [1] * Rex Collings, writer/publisher, dies at age 70. [1] May 23 * Dorothy Hyson, actress (Spare a Copper, Sing as We Go), dies at age 81. [1] * Kronid Arkadyevich Lyubarsky, human rights activist, dies at age 61. [1] * Patrick Cargill, actor (Up Pompeii, Magic Christian), dies at age 77. [1] * Swede Göran Kropp reaches the Mount Everest summit alone without oxygen, after having bicycled to the base from Sweden. [28] May 24 * Alexander Langsdorf, physicist, dies at age 83. [1] * Harry Campion, statistician, dies at age 91. [1] * Jack McCarthy, kiddie show host (Popeye), dies of cancer at age 81. [1] * Jacob R Druckman, American composer, dies at age 67 (born 1928). [1] [28] [28] * John Abbott, British actor (Lady Jane, Quest), dies at age 90. [1] * Joseph Mitchell, American writer, dies at age 87 (born 1908). [1] [28] May 25 * Death of Brad Nowell, American musician (born 1968). [28] * Bernard Charles Sendall, deputy director general of ITA, dies at age 83. [1] * Buck, dog (Married with Children), dies at age 13. [1] * David W Howe, test pilot, dies at age 77. [1] * Enid Kathleen Hutchinson, adult educationalist, dies at age 86. [1] * Jennifer Maria Holsten, 18, crowned Miss Filipino-American. [1] * John Morrison, politician/landowner, dies at age 89. [1] * Laurence Marks, journalist, dies at age 67. [1] * Renzo de Felice, historian, dies at age 67. [1] May 26 * Halka Grossman, resistance fighter/politician, dies at age 76. [1] * Matima Kinuani Mpiosso, musician, dies at age 45. [1] May 27 * Albert "Pud" Brown, clarinetist/saxophonist, dies at age 79. [1] * Ivan Sutton, concert promotoer, dies at age 82. [1] * Russian President Boris Yeltsin meets with Chechnyan rebels for the first time and negotiates a cease-fire in the war. [28]

1307

May 28 * John "Jack" Layden, local politician, dies at age 70. [1] * Sidney Greenbaum, grammarian, dies at age 66. [1] May 29 * James George "Jimmy" Rowles, jazz pianist, dies at age 77. [1] * Jeremy Sinden, actor (Chariots of Fire, Ascendancy, Harem), dies at age 45. [1] * Space Shuttle STS 77 (Endeavour 11), lands. [1] * Tamara Toumanova, dancer, dies at age 77. [1] May 30 * 69th US National Spelling Bee: Wendy Guey wins spelling "vivisepulture". [1] * Bob Stroup, trombonist, dies at age 57. [1] * John Cameron, judge, dies at age 96. [1] * John Kahn, bassist, dies at age 47. [1] * Leon-Etienne Duval, archbishop/cardinal, dies at age 92. [1] May 31 * Colin Morris, playwright/documentary filmmaker, dies at age 80. [1] * Elsbeary Hobbs, singer, dies at age 59. [1] * Mark Van Thillo and Abigail Alling, former biospherian win $100,000 lawsuit against Biospheric Development for Space Biospheres Ventures. [1] * Neela Sanjiva Reddy, President of India (1977-82), dies. [1] * Paul Peter Piech, artist, dies at age 76. [1] * Peter Gordon Dorrell, archaeologist/photographer, dies at age 68. [1] * Timothy Francis Leary, Harvard professor/LSD guru, dies of cancer at age 75 (born 1920). [1] [28] June 2 * Death of Ray Combs, American game show host, and comedian (suicide) (born 1956). [28] * Death of Leon Garfield, English children's author (born 1921). [28] June 6 * Death of George Davis Snell, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1903). [28] June 7

1308

* An Irish Republican Army gang murders Detective Garda Jerry McCabe during a botched armed robbery in Adare, County Limerick. [28] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures film The Rock to theaters in the US. (North American theater gross receipts: US$134.1 million.) [6] June 10 * Peace talks begin in Northern Ireland without Sinn Féin. [28] * Death of Marie-Louise Von Motesiczky, Austrian painter (born 1906). [28] * In the Andreanof Islands, Alaska, magnitude 7.9 and 7.3 earthquakes occurs. [53] June 11 * Death of Brigitte Helm (stage name of Gisele Eve Schittenhelm); star of Metropolis. [37] June 12 * In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a panel of federal judges blocks a law against indecency on the internet. The panel says that the 1996 Communications Decency Act would infringe upon the free speech rights of adults. [28] June 13 * An 81-day standoff between the Montana Freemen and FBI agents ends with their surrender in Montana. [28] June 15 * In Manchester, United Kingdom, a massive Irish Republican Army bomb injures over 200 people and devastates a large part of the city centre. [28] * Death of Ella Fitzgerald, American singer (born 1917). [28] June 17 * Death of Thomas Kuhn, American philosopher of science (born 1922). [28] June 19 * Death of G. David Schine, American businessman (born 1927). [28] June 21 * Buena Vista Pictures generally releases the Walt Disney Pictures animated feature film The Hunchback of Notre Dame to theaters in the US and Canada. [6]

1309

June 23 * Death of Andreas Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece (born 1919). [28] * In Japan, Nintendo ships the Nintendo 64 video game system. Price is 25,000 yen. It features 64-bit 93.75 MHz MIPS R4000 Series RISC main processor, 64-bit 62.5 MHz graphics and sound coprocessor, 4.5 MB of RAM, 32-bit color at 640x480 resolution, four control ports. (500,000 units sell in the first week.) [9] June 25 * The Khobar Towers bombing in Saudi Arabia kills 19 U.S. servicemen. [28] June 26 * Journalist Veronica Guerin is shot and killed in her car just outside Dublin, Ireland. [28] June 27 * Death of Albert R. Broccoli, film producer (born 1909). [28] June 29 * The Prince's Trust concert is held in Hyde Park, London, and is attended by 150,000 people. Rock group The Who headlines the event in their first performance since 1989. [28] June 30 * Costas Simitis is elected President of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement of Greece. [28] July 1 * The Northern Territory in Australia legalises voluntary euthanasia. [28] * Death of William T. Cahill, America politician (born 1912). [28] July 2 * Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation releases the film Independence Day to theaters in Canada. [4] July 3 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Phenomenon to theaters in the USA. [6]

1310

* Death of Raaj Kumar, Indian film actor (born 1926). [28] July 5 * Death of Erik Wickberg, Salvation Army general (born 1904). [28] * Dolly the sheep (code-named "6ll3") is born at the Roslin Institute in Scotland, the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell. [28] [129] July 12 * Death of Jonathan Melvoin, musician (born 1961). [28] * Death of Gottfried von Einem, opera composer, in Oberdürnbach, Austria. [37] July 15 * Death of Dana Hill, American actress (born 1964). [28] * In France, a magnitude 4.3 earthquake occurs. [53] July 17 * Paris-bound TWA Flight 800 (Boeing 747) explodes off the coast of Long Island, New York, killing all 230 on board. [28] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Kazaam to theaters in the USA. [6] July 21 * Storms provoke severe flooding on the Saguenay River in Quebec, in one of Canada's most costly natural disasters. [28] July 28 * Death of Roger Tory Peterson, American naturalist and artist (born 1908). [28] July 29 * The child protection portion of the Communications Decency Act (1996) is struck down as too broad by a U.S. federal court. [28] July 30 * Death of Claudette Colbert, American actress (born 1903). [28] August 1

1311

* Death of Tadeus Reichstein, Polish-born chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1897). [28] August 6 * NASA announces that the ALH 84001 meteorite, thought to originate from Mars, contains evidence of primitive life-forms. [28] * The Australian census is conducted. [28] August 7 * Heavy rains kill more than 80 campers near Huesca, Spain. [28] August 8 * Death of Nevill Francis Mott, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905). [28] August 11 * Death of Rafael Kubelík, Czech-born conductor (born 1914). [28] * The British rock band Oasis plays the biggest free-standing concert in United Kingdom history at Knebworth, Hertfordshire. [28] August 13 * Data sent back by the Galileo space probe indicates there may be water on one of Jupiter's moons. [28] * Death of David Tudor, American pianist and composer (born 1926). [28] August 15 * Bob Dole is nominated for President of the USA, and Jack Kemp for Vice President, at the Republican National Convention in San Diego, California. [28] August 23 * Osama bin Laden writes "The Declaration of Jihad on the Americans Occupying the Country of the Two Sacred Places," his first open call for war. [28] August 24 * Microsoft releases Windows NT 4.0, with graphical user interface similar to that of Windows 95. The software comprises 16.5 million lines of code. Code-name during development was Cairo. [4] August 28

1312

* Their Royal Highnesses, the Prince and Princess of Wales, are formally divorced at the High Court of Justice in London. Her Royal Highness The Princess of Wales is restyled Diana, Princess of Wales. [28] August 29 * U.S. President Bill Clinton and Vice President Al Gore are renominated at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago, Illinois. [28] August 31 * Iraqi forces launch an offensive into the northern No-Fly Zone and capture Arbil. [28] September 1 * Death of Vagn Holmboe, Danish composer (born 1909). [28] September 2 * A permanent peace agreement is signed at the Malacañang Palace between the Government of the Philippines and the Moro National Liberation Front. [28] September 3 * The U.S. launches Operation Desert Strike against Iraq in reaction to the attack on Arbil. [28] * Nintendo releases the Game Boy Pocket portable game system in the USA. [9] September 4 * The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia attack a military base in Guaviare, Colombia, starting three weeks of guerrilla warfare that will claim the lives of at least 130 Colombians. [28] September 7 * Rap legend Tupac Shakur is shot in Las Vegas, Nevada, following the Mike Tyson bout; he dies on September 13. [28] September 9 * Death of Bill Monroe, American "father of bluegrass" music (born 1911). [28]

1313

September 10 * Death of Hans List, Austrian inventor and automotive pioneer (born 1896). [28] September 11 * Union Pacific Railroad purchases Southern Pacific Railroad. [5] September 13 * Death of Tupac Amaru Shakur, American rapper and actor (born 1971). [28] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film The Rich Man's Wife to theaters in the US. [6] September 14 * Juliet Prowse dies. [5] September 16 * Microsoft unveils Windows CE operating system for handheld computers. Codename of the project was Pegasus. "CE" stands for Consumer Electronics. [4] * The Space Shuttle STS 79 (Atlantis 17) launches into space. [5] September 17 * Death of Spiro Agnew, American Vice President (born 1918). [28] September 20 * Death of Paul Erdos, Hungarian mathematician (born 1911). [28] September 21 * Death of Henri Nouwen, Dutch Catholic priest and author (born 1932). [28] * Death of Geoffrey Wilkinson, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1926). [28] September 22 * The Panhellenic Socialist Movement under the leadership of Costas Simitis succeeds in the 1996 Greek legislative election. [28] September 24

1314

* U.S. President Bill Clinton signs the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty at the United Nations. [28] September 25 * The last of the Magdalen Asylums is closed in Ireland. [28] * IBM launches OS/2 Warp 4, in San Francisco, California. New features include Java technology, voice recognition software, and Open32 Win32 APIs. Price is US$249; upgrade is US$149. It is the first operating system to include built-in speech navigation and recognition. [4] September 26 * Death of Nicu Ceausescu, son of Romanian leader Nicolae Ceausescu (born 1951). [28] September 27 * In Afghanistan, the Taliban capture the capital city of Kabul, after driving out President Burhanuddin Rabbani and executing former leader Mohammad Najibullah. [28] * In Pretoria, South Africa, the Truth and Reconciliation panel holds hearings before the Supreme Court. Secret Service Colonel Eugene de Kock, former head of Operation Long Reach, testifies that his office planned the Olof Palme killing, and that Craig Williamson coordinated the assassination. [7] September 29 * Nintendo releases the Nintendo 64 video game system and Super Mario 64 video game in North America. Price is US$199.95. (350,000 sell out in the first three days.) [9] * Death of Leslie Crowther, British TV comedian and game show host (born 1933). [28] October 1 * Death of Pat McGeown, Provisional Irish Republican Army member (born 1956). [28] October 2 * The Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments are signed by former U.S. President Bill Clinton. [5] [28] * The former prime minister of Bulgaria, Andrei Lukanov, is assassinated. [28] October 4 * Death of Larry Gene Bell, American child murderer (executed by electric chair). [28]

1315

October 14 * The Dow Jones Industrial Average gains 40.62 to close at 6,010.00, the Dow's first close above 6,000. [28] October 16 * Death of Eric Malpass, English novelist (born 1910). [28] * Death of Jason Bernard, American actor (born 1938). [28] October 17 * Death of Berthold Goldschmidt, composer, in London, (born in Hamburg, Germany). [37] October 23 * The O.J. Simpson civil trial begins in Santa Monica, California. [28] October 24 * Death of Sorley Maclean, Gaelic poet. [28] October 27 * Death of Morey Amsterdam, American actor and comedian (born 1908). [1] [28] October 30 * Fighting erupts when Banyamulenga Tutsis of Laurent Kabila in Zaire seize Uvira and proceed to kill Hutu refugees. [28] * Death of John Young, British actor who worked with Monty Python. [28] * On his 5,144th day in office Helmut Kohl surpasses Konrad Adenauer's record as the longest serving post-war chancellor of Germany. [37] November 2 * Death of Eva Cassidy, American vocalist (born 1963). [28] November 3 * Death of Abdullah Çatli, Turkish nationalist (born 1956). [28] * Death of Jean-Bédel Bokassa of Central African Republic/Empire (born 1921). [28] November 5

1316

* U.S. presidential election: Democrat incumbent Bill Clinton defeats Republican challenger Bob Dole to win his second term. [28] November 7 * A devastating Category 4 cyclone strikes Andhra Pradesh, India. The storm surge sweeps fishing villages out to sea, killing over 2,000 people. 95 percent of crops are completely destroyed. [28] * NASA launches the Mars Global Surveyor. [5] [28] November 8 * In Zürich, Switzerland, a Swedish 1885 yellow 3 Skilling Banco postage stamp sells for a world record $2.3 million. [7] November 10 * Rapper Yaki Kadafi, born Yafeu Fula, is shot to death in New Jersey at the age of 19. [28] * Death of Imam Alimsultanov, Chechen bard (born 1957). [28] November 12 * Saudi Arabian Airlines Boeing 747 has a mid-air collision with Kazakhstan Airlines Il-76, resulting in the loss of 349 lives. [28] * Near the coast of Peru, a magnitude 7.7 earthquake occurs. At least 14 people killed, 560 injured and 12,000 homeless. [53] November 14 * Death of Virginia Cherrill, actress (born 1908). [28] November 15 * Death of Alger Hiss, U.S. State Department official (born 1904). [28] November 16 * Mother Teresa receives honorary U.S. citizenship. [28] November 18 * World-renowned bird expert Tony Silva is sentenced to seven years in prison without parole for leading an illegal parrot smuggling ring. [28]

1317

* Martyn Bryant is sentenced to life imprisonment, two weeks after confessing to murdering 35 people in Tasmania earlier this year. [28] November 19 * Space Shuttle Columbia flies the longest mission (STS-80) of the Space Shuttle program. [28] November 21 * A propane explosion at the Humberto Vidal shoe store and office building in San Juan, Puerto Rico kills 33. [28] * Death of Abdus Salam, Pakistani physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1926). [28] November 23 * The Republic of Angola officially joins the World Trade Organization, as Angola. [28] November 25 * An ice storm strikes the U.S., killing 26 directly, hundreds more from accidents. A powerful windstorm blasts Florida; winds gust to 90 mph. [28] * The Main Street Electrical Parade at Disneyland gives its final performance. The parade made over 3500 trips, to an estimated 75 million guests. [6] November 26 * Death of Mark Lenard, American actor (born 1924). [28] * Death of Paul Rand, American graphic designer (born 1914). [28] November 27 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film 101 Dalmatians to theaters in the US. The film is a remake of the 1961 animated film. (Gross North American theater receipts: US$136 million.) [6] November 30 * Death of Tiny Tim, American musician (born 1932). [28] [5] December 1 * Irving Gordon, songwriter, dies at age 81. [1] December 2

1318

* Penelope Jessel, politcal activist, dies at age 76. [1] * In Kyushu, Japan, a magnitude 6.7 earthquake occurs. [53] December 3 * Babrak Karmal, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1980-81), dies at age 67. [1] [28] * Det Glynn, teacher/anti-apartheid activist, dies at age 84. [1] * George Duby, historian, dies at age 77. [1] December 4 * 7th Billboard Music Awards. [1] * Basil Nield, judge/politician, dies at age 83. [1] * Muriel Monkhouse, Red Cross worker, dies at age 86. [1] * NASA's first Mars rover launched from Cape Canaveral. [1] December 5 * Peter Hall, folklorist/musician, dies at age 60. [1] * The A-Bomb Dome in Hiroshima, Japan, is named a World Heritage site. The dome and main structure of the Hiroshima Promotion Hall survived the atomic bomb blast of 1945. [10] * Wilf Carter, country singer, dies at age 91. [1] December 6 * Bryan Clieve Roberts, lawyer/civil servant, dies at age 83. [1] December 7 * Eugene Izzi, mystery writer, hangs himself at age 43. [1] * Jose Donoso, writer, dies at age 72. [1] * Space Shuttle STS 80 (Columbia 21), lands. [1] December 8 * Howard E Rollins Jr, actor (Ed Harding - Another World), dies at age 46. [1] * Marin Sorescu, poet/dramatist, dies at age 60. [1] December 9 * Alain Emile Louis Marie Poher, French President of European Parliament (1966-69), dies at age 87. [1] * Anne Bolt, photo-journalist/trade unionist, dies at age 84. [1] * Faron Young, country singer, commits suicide at age 64. [1]

1319

* Ivor Roberts-Jones, sculptor, dies at age 83. [1] * Mary Douglas Nichol Leakey, archaeologist/anthropologist, dies at age 83. [1] * Raphael Samuel, historian, dies at age 32. [1] December 10 * Faron Young, country singer/actor (Hidden Guns), commits suicide at age 34. [1] * John Duffey, bluegrass musician, dies at age 62. [1] December 11 * Herbert Sally Frankel, economist, dies at age 93. [1] * Robert Bromston Thesiger Daniell, soldier, dies at age 95. [1] * W G G Duncan-Smith, fighter pilot, dies at age 82. [1] * William George Rushton, actor (TW3)/author/cartoonist, dies at age 59 (born 1937). [1] [28] December 12 * Uday Hussein, son of Iraq's Saddam Hussein, is seriously injured in an assassination attempt. [1] [28] * Gerald Ian Lacey, architect/town planner, dies at age 70. [1] * Jack Perry, businessman, dies at age 81. [1] * Disney announces the resignation of Michael Ovitz as president of the Walt Disney Company. His total compensation package totals US$140 million. [6] * Jean-Pierre Guerlain, cosmetics pioneer, dies at age 91. [1] * Michael Geoffrey Corcos, medical researcher, dies at age 77. [1] * Vance Oakley Packard, writer (Hidden Perseuders), dies at age 82. [1] December 13 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Touchstone Pictures / Samuel Goldwyn Co. liveaction feature film The Preacher's Wife to theaters in the US. [6] * Cao Yu, dramatist, dies at age 86. [1] * Charles Edwin Molnar, computer pioneer, dies at age 61. [1] * Edward Blishen, writer teacher/broadcaster, dies at age 76. [1] * In Bonn, Germany, the Swiss National Bank publicly acknowledges that it had profited from wartime dealings in gold bullion with the German central bank, but that there is no evidence that the gold was stolen from Holocaust victims, and no gold in Swiss possession bears German stamps. Total value of wartime gold transactions was 1.2 million Swiss francs, with profit of about 20 million francs. [10] * Mae Barnes, singer, dies at age 89. [1] December 14 * Alan Hargreaves, climber, dies at age 92. [1]

1320

* Norman Hackforth, broadcaster, dies at age 88. [1] December 15 * Gerald Moverley, priest, dies at age 74. [1] * Guiseppe Dossetti, politician/priest, dies at age 83. [1] * Laurens jan van der Post, explorer/conservationist, dies at age 90. [1] December 16 * Jean-Pierre Levy, resistance leader, dies at age 85. [1] * Joe Coral, bookmaker, dies at age 92. [1] * Quentin Bell, English artist author/teacher, dies at age 86 (born 1910). [1] [28] December 17 * Elizabeth Hill, teacher of Slavonic languages, dies at age 96. [1] * At the Sandia National Laboratory in Albuquerque, New Mexico, the "Option Red" supercomputer is started up, performing one trillion floating-point operations per second, making it the fastest computer in the world. The US$55 million computer uses 9072 Intel Pentium Pro processors with 600 GB memory and 2 terabyte disc storage. [4] * Francesco Siciliani, opera administrator, dies at age 85. [1] * Irving Caesar, songwriter, dies at age 101. [1] * Michael Saunders, barrister, dies at age 22. [1] * Ruby Murray, singer, dies at age 61. [1] * Stanko Todorov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1971-81), dies. [1] * The Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement takes 72 hostages in the Japanese Embassy in Lima, Peru. [28] December 18 * Arthur Jacobs, musicologist, dies at age 74. [1] * American TV industry executives agree to adopt a ratings system. [1] December 19 * Marcello Mastroiani, actor (8 1/2, Assassin, Family Diary), dies at age 72. [1] * Ronald Howard, actor (Hunting Party, Koroshi), dies at age 78. [1] * Yuli Borisovich Khariton, scientist, dies at age 82. [1] December 20 * Amata Kabua, President of Marshall Islands (1979-96), dies. [1] * Carl Sagan, American scientist (Contact), dies at age 62 (born 1934). [1] [28] * Roger Peacock, writer, dies at age 76. [1]

1321

* Apple Computer announces it will buy the NeXT Software company for about US$400 million in cash and Apple stock. NeXT Software CEO Steve Jobs will become an advisor to Apple chairman and CEO Gilbert Amelio. [4] [28] * German Foreign Minister Klaus Kinkel and Czech Foreign Minister Josef Zieleniec meet in Prague, and initial a document in which German appologizes for Adolf Hitler's invasion of Czechoslovakia, and the Czech Republic expresses regret for the postwar expulsion of Germans from the Sudetenland. [10] December 21 * Margaret E Rey, author of children's books, dies at age 90. [1] * Olga Maria Nicolis di Robilant, patron of the arts, dies at age 96. [1] December 22 * Hetta Empson, artist, dies at age 81. [1] December 23 * Four women ordained priests in Jamaica, first in 330-year Anglican history. [1] * Rina Ketty, singer, dies at age 85. [1] * Ronnie Scott, musician/club-owner, dies at age 69. [1] December 24 * Edward Leadbitter, politician, dies at age 77. [1] * Nguyen Huu Tho, President of Vietnam (1980-81), dies. [1] * Peter Dormer, arts writer, dies at age 47. [1] December 25 * Derek Prouse, writer, actor/director (Le Scandale), dies at age 74. [1] * Rupert John, Governor-General of Grenadines (1970-76), dies. [1] December 26 * Start of the largest strike in South Korean history. [28] * Six-year-old JonBenét Ramsey is murdered in the basement of her parents' home in Boulder, Colorado. [1] [28] December 27 * Taliban forces retake the strategic Bagram air base, which solidifies their buffer zone around Kabul. [28] December 29

1322

* Alma Birk, journalist/politician, dies at age 77. [1] * Daniel Raphaeautl Mayer, journalist/resistance leader, dies at age 86. [1] * Mireille Hartuch, singer/songwriter, dies at age 90. [1] * Oswald Szemerenyi, philologist, dies at age 83. [1] * Peggy (Margaret McCrorie) Herbison, politician, dies at age 89. [1] * Robert Morris, lawyer, dies at age 81. [1] * William Brown, British TV executive, dies at age 67. [1] * William Thomas Pennar Davies, poet author/theologian, dies at age 85. [1] * Guatemala and the leaders of the Guatemalan National Revolutionary Union sign a peace accord that ends a 36-year civil war. [28] December 30 * Jack Nance, actor (Meatballs 4, Whore, Voodoo), murdered at age 53. [1] * Lew Ayres, American screen actor (Salem's Lot, State Fair), dies at age 88 (born 1908). [1] [28] * Robert Grant-Ferris, politician, dies at age 89. [1] * In the Indian state of Assam, a passenger train is bombed by Bodo separatists, killing 26. [28] * Proposed budget cuts by Benjamin Netanyahu spark protests from 250,000 workers, who shut down services across Israel. [28] December 31 * Ann Susan Hills, freelance journalist, dies at age 55. [1] * David Sinclair, actor (Love and Hate), dies at age 62. [1] * Frederico Davia, opera singer, dies at age 63. [1] * Michael Roberts, historian, dies at age 88. [1] * The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway is merged with the Burlington Northern Railroad to form the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway, making it one of the largest railroad mergers in U.S. history. [28] * Phillip Edmund Clinton Manson-Bahr, tropical mediciner, dies at age 85. [1]

1323

1997 January 1 * Joan Rice, actress (Payroll, Steel Key, Curtain Up), dies at age 66. [1] * Death of Townes Van Zandt, American folk singer, at age 52 (born 1944). [1] [18] January 2 * Jim Rodger, sports writer, dies at age 75. [1] * Randy California [Wolfe], rock guitarist, dies at age 45. [1] January 3 * Burton Lane, composer, dies at age 84. [1] January 4 * Death of Harry Helmsley, American real estate mogul (Empire State Building), at age 87 (born 1909). [1] [18] January 5 * Andre Franquin, cartoonist, dies at age 72. [1] * Prince Bertil dies, in Stockholm, Sweden, at age 84. [7] January 6 * In Detroit, Michigan, the North American International Auto Show is held, over ten days. Chevrolet unveils the 1997 Corvette, dubbed "C5". A new small-block V-8 engine is introduced, the LS1, with 345-hp, and 10:1 compression ratio. [8] * Ian Peter Leslie Smith, journalist, dies at age 52. [1] * Litz Pisk, movement teacher, dies at age 87. [1] * Vince Williams, actor (Hamp - Guiding Light), dies of cancer at age 39. [1] * Death of Catherine Scorsese, Italian-American actress (born 1912). [18] January 7 * Desmond Flower, publisher, dies at age 89. [1] * Newt Gingrich narrowly re-elected speaker of the House. [1] * Sandor Vegh, violinist teacher/conductor, dies at age 84. [1] January 8 * Intel releases the 166 MHz and 200 MHz Pentium processors with MMX multimedia extension instructions. Bus speed is 66 MHz. They incorporate 4.5 million transistors.

1324

Performance of the 200 MHz version is 350 MIPS. Code-name during development was P55C. MMX originally stood for "matrix-multiplication extensions". [4] * Carole Carr, singer/actress (Down Among the Z Men), dies at age 68. [1] * Joseph George Handy Hendleman, musician, dies at age 76. [1] * Melvin Calvin, scientist, dies at age 85. [1] * Phyllis Hartnoll, writer/editor, dies at age 90. [1] * Ronald William Eastman, cinematographer, dies at age 60. [1] January 9 * Edward Osobka-Morawski, prime minister of Poland (1945-47), dies. [1] * Heart attacks sends Frank Sinatra back to hospital. [1] * Jesse [Marc Weidenfeld] White, actor (Maytag repairman, Bedtime for Bonzo), dies at age 77. [1] * Junaidu ibn Buhari, scholar, dies at age 90. [1] * Michael Eisner signs a new ten-year contract as chairman of Disney. His base salary is US$750,000 per year, plus a bonus tied to the company's financial performance, and he receives stock options for 8 million shares to be exercised between 2003 and 2006. The value of the options is estimated at US$195-771 million. [6] * Yachtsman Tony Bullimore is found alive, five days after his boat capsized in the Southern Ocean. [18] January 10 * First comet of 1997 discovered: Comet 1997 A1. [1] * 4,000th episode of TV's Entertainment Tonight. [1] * Alvinio Misciano, Italian tenor, killed in a fall from a window. [1] * Dow Corning provides US$2.95 billion to settle breast implant suits. [1] * Buena Vista Pictures generally releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Evita to theaters in the US. [6] * Elspeth Josceline Huxley writer, dies at age 96. [1] * Hilary Grover Barratt Brown, conservationist, dies at age 71. [1] * Italy's new 1,000 lire coin shows divided Germany on map. [1] * Right-winger Arnoldo Aleman sworn in as President of Nicaragua. [1] * Bulgarian Student strike versus government of Jan Videnov. [18] * Death of Sheldon Leonard, American TV producer actor, director at age 89 (born 1907). [18] (January 11 [1]) * Death of Alexander R. Todd, Baron Todd, Scottish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1907). [18] January 11 * 23rd People's Choice Awards: Bill Cosby wins. [1] * Cavan O'Connor, singer, dies at age 97. [1] * Duncan Wood, television director/producer, dies at age 71. [1] * Helen Foster Snow, writer, dies at age 89. [1]

1325

* Joshua William Steward, polymath, dies at age 83. [1] * Telstar 401 Satellite fails. [1] * In Michoacan, Mexico, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake occurs. One person killed and extensive damage in the Arteaga area, Michoacan. [53] January 12 * Death of Charles B. Huggins, Canadian-born cancer researcher, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, at age 95 (born 1901). [1] [18] * Jean Writer-Edern Hallier dies at age 60. [1] * Jill Summers, actress (Agatha - Coronation Street), dies at age 86. [1] * Space Shuttle STS 81 (Atlantis 18), launches into space. [1] January 13 * William Mills, painter, dies at age 74. [1] January 14 * King Hu, film director, dies at age 64. [1] January 15 * Jose Ignacio Domecq, wine maker, dies at age 82. [1] * Kenneth Thimann, botanist, dies at age 92. [1] * Space Shuttle Atlantis docks with Mir Space Station. [1] January 16 * Charlie Alfred Galbraith, jazz trombonist, dies at age 76. [1] * Ennis Cosby, the 29-year-old only son of actor Bill Cosby, is killed by a gunman while changing a flat tire in Los Angeles, California. [1] [18] * Stephen Fitz-Simon, entrepreneur, dies at age 59. [1] * Microsoft ships Microsoft Office 97 application suite for Windows. It includes Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Access, and Outlook. Standard version price is US$499; upgrade price is US$209. Professional version price is US$599; upgrade price is US$309. [4] January 17 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Metro to theaters. [6] * Andrea Fisher, artist, dies at age 21. [1] * Asfa Wossen [Amha Selassie], crown emperor of Ethiopia in exile, dies. [1] * Death of Clyde William Tombaugh, American astronomer (discovered Pluto), at age 90 (born 1906). [1] [18]

1326

* A Delta II rocket carrying a military GPS payload explodes, shortly after liftoff from Cape Canaveral. [18] January 18 * Myfanwy Piper, librettist, dies at age 85. [1] * Neville Crump, racehorse trainer, dies at age 86. [1] * Paul Tsongas (Senator-Democrat-Massachusetts), dies at age 55. [1] * In northwest Rwanda, Hutu militia members kill three Spanish aid workers, three soldiers and seriously wound another. [18] * Boerge Ousland of Norway becomes the first person to cross Antarctica alone and unaided. [5] January 19 * Adriana Caseloti, voice (Snow White), dies at age 70. [1] * In Beverly Hills, California, the 54th annual Golden Globe Awards ceremony is held. o Best Film, Musical or Comedy: Evita. o Best Actress, Musical or Comedy: Madonna in Evita. o Best Original Song: "You Must Love Me" in Evita. [1] [6] * Cerebral Palsy telethon. [1] * George Armin Goyder, businessman/social philosopher, dies at age 88. [1] * Death of James Dickey, American poet and novelist, at age 84 (born 1923). [1] [18] * Yasser Arafat returns to Hebron after more than 30 years, and joins celebrations over the handover of the last Israeli-controlled West Bank city. [18] January 20 * Comet Hale-Bopp crosses Mars' orbit. [1] * Edith Haisman, the oldest survivor of Titanic, dies at age 100. [1] * Vladimir Yamnikov, owner of Kristall vodka, dies of cirrhosis at age 56. [1] * Bill Clinton starts his second term as President of the United States. [18] January 21 * Death of Colonel Tom Parker, Dutch-born celebrity manager (Elvis Presley), at age 87 (born 1909). [1] [18] * Dennis Main Wilson, TV/radio producer, dies at age 72. [1] * Michael Duane, educationalist, dies at age 81. [1] * In Southern Xinjiang, China, a magnitude 5.9 earthquake occurs. At least 12 people killed, 40 injured, and 2,500 families homeless; about 31,000 homes destroyed or damaged. [53] * Newt Gingrich becomes the first Speaker of the United States House of Representatives to be internally disciplined for ethical misconduct. [18]

1327

January 22 * Ian Arthur Hoyle Munro, medical journalist, dies at age 73. [1] * Irwin Levine, composer ("Tie a Yellow Ribbon"), dies at age 58. [1] * Mollie Panter-Downes, writer, dies at age 90. [1] * Space Shuttle Atlantis returns to Earth. [1] * Wally Whyton, musician/broadcaster, dies at age 66. [1] * Madeleine Albright becomes the first female Secretary of State after confirmation by the United States Senate. [18] January 23 * Charles Craig, opera singer, dies at age 77. [1] * David Waller, actor (Lady Jane, Perfect Friday, Hannay), dies at age 76. [1] * Jeremy Stephen Maas, writer/art dealer, dies at age 68. [1] * Randy Greenawalt, convicted killer, executed by injection at age 47. [1] * Richard Berry, lyricist ("Louie Louie"), dies at age 61. [1] * Roger John Tayler, astrophysicist, dies at age 67. [1] * Mir Aimal Kasi receives the death sentence for a 1993 assault rifle attack outside US Central Intelligence Agency headquarters that killed two and wounded three others. [18] January 24 * Callum Alexander MacDonald, historian, dies at age 49. [1] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Prefontaine to theaters in the US. [6] January 25 * Herbert Eugene Caen, columnist, dies at age 80. [1] * Jeanne Dixon, psychic (Gift of Prophecy), dies of a heart attack at age 79. [1] January 26 * Margaret Hesse, princess of Hesse/the Rhine, dies at age 83. [1] * Sarah Lucas, theatre administrator, dies at age 53. [1] January 27 * 24th American Music Awards: Toni Braxton and Alanis Morissette win. [1] * Cecil Lewis, airman/writer, dies at age 98. [1] * Matthew Coady, journalist, dies at age 73. [1] * It is revealed that French museums had nearly 2,000 pieces of art that were stolen by Nazis. [18] January 28

1328

* James Colin Ross Welch, journalist, dies at age 72. [1] * Pietro Cavallero, bandit, dies at age 68. [1] * Vivien Signy, nurse, dies at age 80. [1] January 29 * Eric Schneider, murderer of two teachers, executed in Missouri at age 35. [1] * Louis Pauwels, writer/editor, dies at age 76. [1] * Osvaldo Soriano, writer, dies at age 54. [1] January 30 * Death of Nicholas Mallett, TV director. [18] January 31 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Shadow Conspiracy to theaters in the US. [6] * Square releases the Final Fantasy VII video game for the PlayStation in Japan. (Two million copies sell in the first three-day weekend. Total worldwide sales over its lifetime: 8.6 million.) [9] * Eve Lister, actress/singer (No Limit, Hyde Park), dies at age 84. [1] * Death of Johnny Klein, American drummer (born 1918). [18] February 1 * Death of Herb Caen, American newspaper columnist, at age 80 of lung cancer (born 1916). [1] [18] * Mitchell Goodman, writer, dies at age 71. [1] * Peter Morris, historian of France, dies at age 50. [1] * Thelma Moss, psychologist, dies at age 78. [1] February 2 * Death of Chico Science, Brazilian musician, at age 40 of an automobile accident (born 1967). [1] [18] * Godfrey Baseley, British radio executive, dies at age 92. [1] February 3 * Anthony Cuthbert Baines, writer/curator, dies at age 84. [1] * Bohumil Hrabal, writer, dies at age 82. [1] * Carl Sagan Public Memorial at Ithaca, New York. [1] * William Geoffrey Biddle, bomb disposal expert, dies at age 79. [1]

1329

February 4 * James Friell, political cartoonist, dies at age 84. [1] * O.J. Simpson is found liable in civil court for the death of Ron Goldman and for the battery of Nicole Brown Simpson. Simpson is ordered to pay $35,000,000 in damages to the families of the two victims. [1] [18] * On their way to Lebanon, two Israeli troop-transport helicopters collide, killing 73. [1] [18] * After at first contesting the results, Serbian President Slobodan MiloÜevic recognizes opposition victories in the November 1996 elections. [18] * In Northeastern Iran, a magnitude 6.5 earthquake occurs. At least 88 people killed, nearly 2,000 injured, 16,500 houses destroyed or damaged. [53] February 5 * The so-called "Big Three" banks in Switzerland announce the creation of a US$71 million fund to aid Holocaust survivors and their families. [1] [18] * Brook Lee, Hawaii, crowned 46th Miss USA. [1] * John Richard Patterson, businessman, dies at age 51. [1] * Death of Pamela Harriman, U.S. Ambassador to France, at age 76 of a stroke (born 1920). [1] [18] * Morgan Stanley and Dean Witter investment banks announce a US$10 billion merger. [18] February 7 * Danil Shafran, cellist, dies at age 74. [1] February 8 * Roy George Elroy Josephs, jazz dance teacher, dies at age 57. [1] February 9 * 11th American Comedy Awards: Debbie Reynolds. [1] * Barry Evans, actor (Dr Upton - Doctor in the House), dies at age 53. [1] * Fox cartoon series The Simpsons airs 167th episode, making it the longest-running animated series in cartoon history. [1] February 10 * 5th annual ESPY Awards presented. [1] * Brian McManus Connolly, musician, dies at age 47. [1] * Comet Shoemaker-Holt 2 Closest Approach to Earth (1.9245 AU). [1] * Lemrick Nelson found guilty in the fatal stabbing on Hasidic Jew Yankel Rosenbaum in Crown Heights Brooklyn in 1991. [1]

1330

* Milton Cato, Prime Minister of San Vincent and Grenadines (1979-84), dies. [1] * O J Simpson jury reaches decision on $25 million in punitive damages. [1] * Soyuz TM-25 launches to the MIR. [1] * Nintendo releases the Mario Kart 64 game for the Nintendo 64 in the US. [9] * Australian newspapers publish stories that the government of Papua New Guinea has brought mercenaries onto Bougainville Island. [18] February 11 * Death of Don Porter, American actor (Gidget), at age 84 (born 1912). [1] [18] * STS 82 (Discovery 22) launches. [1] February 12 * Fred Goldman says he will settle for a signed murder confession from O J Simpson in lieu of his $20.5 million judgement. [1] * Nora Beloff, journalist, dies at age 78. [1] * Walter Ritchie, sculptor, dies at age 77. [1] February 13 * Tune-up and repair work on the Hubble Space Telescope is started by astronauts from Space Shuttle Discovery. [1] [18] * The Washington Post reports that U.S. Justice Department investigators found evidence the Chinese Embassy in Washington, DC may have coordinated financial contributions to the Democratic party in violation of U.S. law. [18] * The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above 7,000 for the first time, gaining 60.81 to 7,022.44. [18] February 14 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film That Darn Cat to theaters in the USA. The film is a remake of the 1965 film. [6] February 17 * Carl Sagan Public Memorial at Pasadena, California. [1] * Death of Zein Isa, Palestinian militant imprisoned in the United States for the honor killing of his daughter. [18] February 18 * Emily Hahn, writer, dies at age 91. [1] * Enrique Peralta Azurdia, military President of Guatemala in (1963-66), dies. [1] * Eric William Fenby, musician, dies at age 90. [1]

1331

February 19 * The last of the People's Republic of China's major revolutionaries, Deng Xiaoping, dies at age 92 (this is followed by weeks of mourning). [1] [18] * US Federal Communications Commission makes available 311 for non-emergency calls and 711 for hearing or speech-impaired emergency calls. [1] * Leo Rosten, writer/humorist (Joys of Yiddish), dies at age 88. [1] February 21 * Empire Strikes Back, special edition premieres. [1] * Kenneth Rowntree, painter, dies at age 81. [1] * Michael Hollings, catholic priest/crusader, dies at age 75. [1] * STS 82 (Discovery 22) lands. [1] February 22 * Austin Andrew Wright, sculptor, dies at age 85. [1] * Frank Launder, director/scriptwriter, dies at age 91. [1] * In Roslin, Scotland, scientists announce that an adult sheep named Dolly had been successfully cloned, and was born in July 1996. [5] [18] (February 23 [1]) February 23 * Ali Abu Kamal opens fire in Empire State Building and kills one. [1] * NBC TV shows Schindler's List, completely uncensored, 65 million watch. [1] * Oscar Lewenstein, impressario, dies at age 80. [1] * Death of Tony Williams, American jazz musician, at age 51 (born 1945). [1] [18] * A large fire occurs in the Russian space station Mir. [18] February 24 * Deng Xiaoping, leader of China, cremated (died February 19th). [1] * Isabelle Harriet Lucas, actress/singer (Outland, Comics), dies at age 69. [1] * South Africa announces it is constructing largest modern day blimp. [1] February 25 * Andrei Donatovich Sinyavsky, writer/critic, dies at age 71. [1] * Tony Williams, jazz drummer (Miles Davis), dies at age 51. [1] February 26 * 39th Grammy Awards: Change the World Babyface, Beck and LeAnn Rimes win. [1] * David Doyle, actor (Charlie's Angels), dies at age 67. [1] * Giuseppe 'Nuccio' Bertone, car designer, dies at age 82. [1]

1332

February 27 * Singer Sade (Helen Folasade), arrested in Jamaica for disobeying a cop. [1] * In Pakistan, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake occurs. At least 60 people killed, hundreds injured, more than 500 houses damaged or destroyed, thousands homeless. [1] [53] February 28 * FBI agent Earl Pitts pleads guilty to selling secrets to Russia. [1] * Smokers must prove they are over 18 to purchase cigarettes in US. [1] * The North Hollywood shootout takes place between two heavily armed bank robbers and officers of the Los Angeles Police Department. [18] * WFAA-TV becomes the first TV station in the nation to start broadcasting their newscasts in HDTV on a VHF channel. [18] * In Northwestern Iran, a magnitude 6.1 earthquake occurs. At least 965 people killed, 2,600 injured, 36,000 homeless, 12,000 houses damaged or destroyed. Severe damage to roads, electrical power lines, communications and water distribution systems. [53] March 1 * 5th annual ESPY Awards shown on TV. [1] * The Osaka Dome opens in Chiyozaki, Nishi-ku, Osaka, Japan. [18] * The Nintendo 64 video game system is released in Europe and Australia. [18] March 2 * Saudi Arab billionaire Prince al-Waleed bin Talal aquires 5 percent of Apple. [1] * Soyuz TM-24 returns to Earth (Russia). [1] * Death of Bloodshed (rapper), American rapper (born 1975). [18] March 3 * Stanislav Shatalin, Russian economist (500 Days), dies. [1] March 4 * Brazil Senate allows women to wear slacks. [1] * Comet Hale-Bopp directly above the Sun (1.04 AU). [1] * Zeya Start-1 launched (Russia). [1] * U.S. President Bill Clinton bars federal funding for any research on human cloning. [1] [18] * Death of Robert H. Dicke, American experimental physicist (born 1916). [18] * Death of Carey Loftin, American actor and stuntman (born 1914). [18] March 6

1333

* Anthony Hopkins, clinical neurologist, dies at age 59. [1] * Death of Cheddi Jagan, President of Guyana (1953, 1957-64) (born 1918). [1] [18] * Michael Manley, Jamaican Prime Minister (PNP, 1972-80, 1989-92), dies. [1] * Picasso's Tête de Femme painting is stolen from a London gallery (recovered a week later). [18] * In Sri Lanka, Tamil Tigers overrun a military base and kill more than 200. [18] March 7 * 11th Soul Train Music Awards. [1] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film Jungle 2 Jungle to theaters. [6] * Five sue Japanese Prime Minister Ryutaro Hashimoto, because his smoking has violated the country's constitution guaranteeing a wholesome life. [1] * Death of Martin Kippenberger, German artist (born 1953). [18] * Death of Edward Mills Purcell, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1912). [18] March 8 * Alexander Salkind, producer (Superman), dies at age 75. [1] March 9 * Rapper The Notorious B.I.G. [Biggie Small Chris Walkin] is killed in a drive-by shooting, at age 24 (born 1972). [1] [18] * Terry Nation, writer (Doctor Who, Blake 7) dies at age 66. [1] March 10 * The main office of Fuji TV moves from Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan to Odaiba, Minato, Tokyo, Japan. [18] * Death of La Vern Baker, American singer (born 1929). [18] March 11 * Third Blockbuster Entertainment Awards. [1] * Beatle Paul McCartney knighted Sir Paul by Queen Elizabeth II. [1] * An explosion at a nuclear waste reprocessing plant in Japan exposes 35 workers to low-level radioactive contamination, in the worst nuclear accident in Japan's history. [18] March 12 * Mikail Markhasev is arrested in Los Angeles, California and charged with shooting Bill Cosby's 27-year-old son, Ennis Cosby. [18]

1334

March 13 * India's Missionaries of Charity chooses Sister Nirmala to succeed Mother Teresa as its leader. The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China creates a new Chongqing Municipality. It was formerly part of Sichuan. [18] March 14 * Death of Fred Zinnemann, Austrian-born American director, at age 69 of a heart attack (born 1907). [1] [18] [37] * Iranian military plane crashes, killing 80. [1] * John Curtis Jr, president/CEO (Luby's Cafe), commits suicide at age 58. [1] * President Bill Clinton trips and tears up his knee requiring surgery. [1] March 16 * On Bougainville Island, soldiers of commander Jerry Singirok arrest Tim Spicer and his mercenaries of the Sandline International. [18] March 17 * CNN begins Spanish broadcasts. [1] * The Dow Jones Industrial Average removes Westinghouse Electric, Texaco Incorporated, Bethlehem Steel, and Woolworth from its index, replacing them with Travelers Group, Hewlett-Packard Company, Johnson & Johnson, and Wal-Mart Stores Incorporated. [227] [228] * Gail Davis, actress (Annie Oakley), dies at age 71. [1] * Death of Jermaine Stewart, American singer (born 1957). [18] March 18 * The tail of a Russian An-24 charter plane breaks off while en-route to Turkey, causing the plane to crash, killing all 50 on board, and resulting in the grounding of all An-24s. [1] [18] March 19 * US Supreme Court hears Internet indecency arguments. [1] * Death of Willem de Kooning, Dutch abstract artist, at age 92 of Alzheimer (born 1904). [1] [18] March 20 * Liggett admits cigarettes are addictive. [1]

1335

March 21 * Mercenaries of Sandline International withdraw from Papua New Guinea. [18] * Death of W.V. Awdry, British children's writer (born 1911). [18] * In Zaire, Etienne Tshiksekedi is appointed new prime minister; he ejects supporters of Mobutu Sese Seko from his cabinet. [18] March 22 * The comet Hale-Bopp makes its closest approach to Earth. [1] [18] March 23 * 17th Golden Raspberry Awards: Striptease wins. [1] * Wrestlemania XIII in Chicago, Undertaker beats Psycho Sid for title. [1] March 24 * 69th Academy Awards: The English Patient, Tom Cruise and Frances McDormand win. [1] * Australian parliament overturns world's first and only euthanasia law. [1] * Roberto Sanchez Vilella, the second democratically elected Governor of Puerto Rico, dies at age 84. [18] (March 25 [1]) March 26 * In San Diego, California, 39 Heaven's Gate cultists commit mass suicide at their compound. [18] (March 27 [1]) * The survey of a claimed gold site of Bre-X Minerals in Indonesia reveals it is worthless; Bre-X complains and accuses Internet rumours. [18] * Julius Chan resigns as prime minister of Papua New Guinea. [18] March 27 * Martin Luther King's son meets with James Earl Ray. [1] March 28 * City soap opera's final episode on ABC-TV. [1] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film The Sixth Man to theaters. [9] March 29 * Eddie Ryder, actor (Slick Jones - General Hospital), dies at age 74. [1] * Ellen Clara Pollock, actress (Wicked Lady, Fake), dies at age 94. [1]

1336

March 31 * Daytime to Remember a series showing old soaps premieres on ABC-TV. [1] * Edwin Alberian, TV celebrity (Clarabell), dies at age 76. [1] * Laxmishankar Pathak, food retailer, dies at age 62. [1] * Pioneer 10 ends its mission. [1] April 1 * Comet Hale-Bopp Perihelion (0.914 AU). [1] * Jolie Gabor, mother of Zsa Zsa and Eva, dies at age 97. [1] * Nancy Woodhull, news editor (USA Today), dies of cancer at age 52. [1] * Cartoonists of popularly syndicated comic strips swap cartoons for the day. [18] * The German steel companies Krupp and Thyssen merge. [37] April 2 * Tomoyuki Tanaka, producer (Godzilla), dies of a stroke at age 86. [1] * The mayor of New York City, the governor of New York state, and Michael Eisner unveil the restored New Amsterdam theater in New York City. [6] April 3 * The Thalit massacre in Algeria: All but one of the 53 inhabitants of Thalit are killed by guerrillas. [18] April 4 * DMSP Titan 2 launched. [1] * STS 83 (Columbia 22), launches. [1] April 5 * Death of Allen Ginsberg, American poet, at age 80 (born 1926). [1] [18] * Alparslan Turkes, Turkish politician (MHP), dies. [1] * Galileo, third Ganymede Flyby (Orbit 7). [1] April 6 * Progress M-34 Launch (Russia). [1] April 7 * Death of Georgi Shonin, cosmonaut (born 1935). [18]

1337

April 8 * Laura Nyro, singer, dies of ovarian cancer at age 49. [1] * Microsoft Corp releases Internet Explorer 4.0. [1] * STS 83 (Columbia 22), lands. [1] April 9 * Helene Hanff, author (84 Charing Cross Road), dies at age 80. [1] * Soundgarden announces the band's break-up. [18] April 11 * Fire damages the Turin Cathedral in Italy. [18] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Grosse Pointe Blank to theaters in the USA. [6] * Michael Dorris, writer, commits suicide at age 52. [1] * In Southern Xinjiang, China, a magnitude 6.2 earthquake occurs. At least 9 people killed, 89 injured, 100,000 homeless, thousands of buildings destroyed. [53] April 12 * Death of George Wald, American scientist (recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine), at age 90 (born 1903). [1] [18] April 13 * Ann Craft, researcher/writer, dies at age 53. [1] * George Wald, scientist (Nobel Prize, vitamin A in retina), dies at age 80. [1] April 14 * Fire breaks out in a pilgrim camp on the Plain of Mena, 7 miles from Mecca; 343 die. [18] April 15 * America OnLine begins service in Japan. [1] * Sam Moskowitz, San Francisco fandom historian, dies at age 76. [1] * Zdenek Mlynar, Secretary of Czechoslovakian Communist Central Committee (1968), dies. [1] * Death of Mildred Cleghorn, chairwoman of the Fort Sill Apache tribe (born 1910). [18] April 16

1338

* Emilio Azcarraga Milmo, media tycoon, dies at age 66. [1] * Mae Boren Axton, song writer ("Heartbreak Hotel"), dies at age 82. [1] * Michael Stroka, actor (Aristede - Dark Shadows), dies of cancer at age 57. [1] * Death of Doris Angleton, American socialite (born 1951). [18] * Death of Roland Topor, French illustrator (born 1938). [18] April 17 * Chaim Herzog, President of Israel (1983-93), dies at age 78. [1] * John Bell, 115, recieves new pacemaker. [1] April 18 * Edward Barker, cartoonist, dies at age 46. [1] * The Red River of the North breaks through dikes and floods Grand Forks, North Dakota and East Grand Forks, Minnesota, causing US$2 billion in damage. [18] April 19 * Renee Slaughter, crowned 14th Miss Hawaiian Tropic International. [1] * Death of El Duce, American singer/drummer (The Mentors) (born 1958). [18] April 20 * 27th Easter Seal Telethon raises $47,392,682. [1] * Death of Henry Mucci, American Colonel of the 98th Ranger Battalion (born 1909). [18] April 21 * Andres Rodriguez, Paraguayan President (1989-93), dies. [1] * A Pegasus rocket carries the remains of 24 people into earth orbit, in the first space burial. [1] [18] * Diosdado Macapagal, Philippine President (1961-65), dies. [1] April 22 * Haouch Khemisti massacre in Algeria; 93 villagers killed. [18] * A 126-day hostage crisis at the residence of the Japanese ambassador in Lima, Peru ends after government commandos storm and capture the building, rescuing 71 hostages. One hostage dies of a heart attack, two soldiers are killed from rebel fire, and all 14 Tupac Amaru rebels are slain. [18] * France supports the new transitional government in Zaire, withdrawing its support of Mobutu Sese Seko. [18] * Death of Baroness Seear, President of the United Kingdom Liberal Party (born 1913). [18]

1339

April 23 * Omaria massacre in Algeria; 42 villagers killed. [18] * 32nd Academy of Country Music Awards: LeAnn Rines, Brooks and Dunn win. [1] April 24 * Pat Paulsen, comedian (Smothers Brothers Show), dies at age 69. [1] April 25 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Romy and Michele's High School Reunion to theaters. [6] April 26 * Joey Faye, comic (Fruit of the Loom grapes), dies at age 86. [1] * Peng Zhen, mayor of Beijing, China (1951-66), dies. [1] * Yegorov, Russian leader (1994-95), dies. [1] April 27 * Paul Lambert, actor (Tom - Executive Suite), dies at age 73. [1] * Andrew Cunanan murders Jeffrey Trail, beginning a murder spree that will last until July and end with the murder of fashion designer Gianni Versace. [18] April 28 * Susan Seddon Boulet, artist, dies of cancer at age 45. [1] April 29 * Keith Ferguson, blues (Fabulous Thunderbirds), dies of overdose at age 50. [1] * Mike Royko, columnist, dies of stroke at age 64. [1] * Peter Tali Coleman, Governor of American Samoa (1956-61, 78-85, 89-93), dies. [1] April 30 * Big Ben tower clock in London, England stops at 12:11 PM for 54 minutes. [1] * Tajik President Imomali Rakhmonov wounded in assassination attempt. [1] May 1 * Bebe AKA Flipper, dolphin, dies at age 40. [1] * Tasmania becomes the last state in Australia to decriminalize homosexuality. [18]

1340

* The United Kingdom's Labour Party ends 18 years of Conservative rule. [18] * HM Prison Pentridge in Melbourne, Australia, is officially closed. [18] May 2 * Mercury Mail announces its one millionth internet subscriber. [1] * Republic of Texas security chief Robert Scheidt surrenders. [1] * Death of John Carew Eccles, Australian neurophysiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1903). [18] * Tony Blair is appointed Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. [18] (May 1 [1]) May 3 * Garry Kasparov begins chess match with IBM supercomputer Deep Blue. [1] * Katrina and the Waves win Eurovision 1997 for the United Kingdom with "Love Shine a Light", the most successful Eurovision entry ever. [18] May 4 * Alvy Moore actor/producer (Mr Kimball-Green Acres), dies at age 75. [1] * Vijayananda Dahanayake, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1959-60), dies. [1] May 5 * Married With Children final episode on Fox TV. [1] * Iridium-1 Delta 2 Launch, Successful. [1] * Death of Walter Gotell, German actor (born 1924). [18] May 6 * Michael Jackson and Bee Gees inducted into Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. [1] May 7 * Galileo, fourth Ganymede Flyby (Orbit 8). [1] * Intel releases the Pentium II processor. It features a new 66 MHz bus interface called Slot 1, 200 MHz 32 kB Level 1 cache, MMX instructions, 512 kB Level 2 external cache. CPU speeds available are 233, 266, and 300 MHz. The processor incorporates 7.5 million transistors using 0.35 micron process technology. Prices range from US$636 to $1981. Code-name during development was Klamath. [4] May 8 * Kai-Uwe Von Hassel, German President of Bundestag (CDU 1969-72), dies. [1] * German President, Roman Herzog, receives the Karlspreiz (Charlemagne prize) in Aachen, Germany for his contributions to a "Citizens Europe". [37]

1341

May 9 * First US ambassador since Saigon fell arrives in Vietnam. [1] May 10 * Joanie Weston roller derby queen (Bay Bombers), dies at age 61. [1] * In Northern Iran, a magnitude 7.3 earthquake occurs. At least 1,570 people killed, 2,300 injured, 50,000 homeless, 16,000 houses destroyed or damaged. [18] [53] May 11 * Brenda Carlin, TV producer/wife of comedian George Carlin, dies at age 57. [1] * IBM's Deep Blue defeats Garry Kasparov in the last game of the rematch, the first time a computer beat a chess World Champion in a match. [18] May 12 * Fourteen North Koreans defect to South Korea. [1] * Russia and Chechnya sign peace deal after 400 years of conflict. [1] [18] * Susie Maroney, 22, of Australia, is first to swim from Cuba to Florida. [1] * Tornado narrowly misses downtown Miami, Florida. [1] May 14 * Death of Harry Blackstone Jr., American magician, at age 62 of cancer (born 1934). [1] [18] * Laurie Lee, writer, dies at age 42. [1] * Princess Caradja-Kretzulesco, descendant of Dracula, dies at age 76. [1] * Thelma Carpenter, singer, dies at age 76. [1] * The Star Alliance is formed between Air Canada, Lufthansa, SAS, Thai Airways International and United Airlines. [18] May 15 * ABC News and Starwave Corp launch ABCNEWS.com. [1] * STS 84 (Atlantis 19), launches, 6th Shuttle-Mir Mission. [1] May 16 * Brook Mehealani Lee, 26, of US crowned 46th Miss Universe. [1] * Brandi Sherwood, (Idaho) replaces Brook Lee (Miss Universe) as Miss USA. [1] * U.S. President Bill Clinton issues a formal apology to the surviving victims of the Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male and their families, 25 years after the 40-year "study" was exposed by reporter Jean Heller. [18]

1342

May 17 * Troops of Laurent Kabila march into Kinshasa. [18] May 19 * Millie, dog of President Bush (Millie's Book), dies at age 12. [1] May 20 * Cosmos Zenit-2 Launch (Russia), Failed. [1] * Thor-2A Delta 2 Launch (Norway/USA), Successful. [1] * Virgilio Boat, President of Colombia (1986-90), dies. [1] May 22 * In India, a magnitude 5.8 earthquake occurs. At least 38 people killed, more than 1,000 injured, thousands homeless and extensive damage. [53] * Kelly Flinn, the U.S. Air Force's first female bomber pilot certified for combat, accepts a general discharge in order to avoid a court martial. [18] * Death of Alfred Hershey, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1908). [18] May 23 * Mel Karmazin replaces Peter Lund as CEO of CBS TV. [1] * Death of James Lee Byars, American artist (born 1932). [18] May 24 * Actor Tim Allen arrested for drunk driving in Michigan. [1] * Death of Edward Mulhare, Irish actor (Ghost and Mrs Muir), at age 74 of lung cancer (born 1923). [1] [18] * STS 84 (Atlantis 19), lands. [1] * Telstar-5 Proton Launch, successful. [1] May 25 * Muhammad Fadhel, Prime Minister of Iraq (1953-54), dies. [1] * Strom Thurmond becomes the longest serving member in the history of the United States Senate (41 years and 10 months). [18] * A military coup in Sierra Leone replaces President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah with Major Johnny Paul Koromah. [18] May 26

1343

* Manfred Von Ardenne, German scientific pioneer, dies at age 90. [1] May 27 * First all female (20 British women) team reaches North Pole. [1] * Russian President Boris Yeltsin signs a historic treaty with NATO. [1] * The second-deadliest tornado of the 1990s hits in Jarrell, Texas, killing 27 people. [18] (May 28 [1]) May 28 * Musician Bob Dylan hospitalized in England with histoplasmosis. [1] * Linda Finch completes an around-the-world flight first attempted by Amelia Earhart. [1] * Wallace Berg, 42, is fourth American to scale Mount Everest for third time. [1] May 29 * 70th National Spelling Bee: Rebecca Sealfon wins spelling "euonym". [1] * George Fenneman, announcer (You Bet Your Life), dies at age 77. [1] * Death of Jeff Buckley, American musician, at age 30 by drowning (born 1966). [1] [18] * John Sengstacke, publisher (Defender), dies at age 84. [1] * Spanish scientists announce new human species in 780,000-year-old fossil. [1] May 30 * Betty Shabazz, widow of Malcolm X, set afire by 12-year-old grandson. [1] May 31 * Death of James Bennett Griffin, American archaeologist (born 1905). [18] * Rosie Will Monroe, World War II icon (Rosie the riveter), dies at age 76. [1] * Official opening of the Confederation Bridge, between Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, Canada. The 13 kilometre bridge is the world's longest bridge spanning ice covered waters. [18] June 1 * Iraqi military escorts on board an UNSCOM helicopter try to physically prevent the UNSCOM pilot from flying the helicopter in the direction of its planned destination, threatening the safety of the aircraft and their crews. [18] * Hugo Banzer wins the Presidential elections in Bolivia. [18] June 2

1344

* In Denver, Colorado, Timothy McVeigh is convicted on 15 counts of murder and conspiracy for his role in the 1995 terrorist bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. [18] June 3 * Death of Dennis James, American game show host (born 1917). [18] June 5 * Kim Hyun Chul, son of Kim Young Sam, president of South Korea, is charged with bribery and corruption related to the awarding of government contracts. [18] * German chancellor, Helmut Kohl, receives the George C. Marshall Foundation award on the 50th anniversary of the Marshall Plan. [37] June 6 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Con Air to theaters. [6] [8] June 8 * A United States Coast Guard helicopter crashes near Humboldt Bay, California. All four crewmembers perish. [18] June 9 * British lease on New Territories in Hong Kong expires. [1] June 10 * Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot orders the killing of his defense chief, Son Sen, and 11 of Sen's family members, before Pol Pot flees his northern stronghold. [18] June 11 * The British House of Commons votes for a total ban on handguns. [18] June 12 * The United States Department of the Treasury unveils a new $50 bill, meant to be more counterfeit-resistant. [18] * Death of Bulat Okudzhava, Soviet non-mainstream singer of Georgian descent (born 1924). [18]

1345

June 13 * A jury sentences Timothy McVeigh to the death penalty for his part in the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing. [18] June 14 * The Walt Disney Pictures animated feature film Hercules world premieres at the New Amsterdam theater in Times Square, in New York City. [6] June 16 * Dairat Labguer massacre in Algeria; some 50 people killed. [18] June 22 * Death of Gérard Pelletier, French journalist, politician and diplomat (born 1919). [18] June 23 * Death of Betty Shabazz, widow of Malcolm X (born 1936). [18] June 24 * Death of Brian Keith, American actor (born 1921). [18] June 25 * Death of Jacques-Yves Cousteau, French explorer (born 1910). [18] * An unmanned Progress spacecraft collides with the Russian Space station, Mir. [18] June 26 * Bertie Ahern is appointed as the 10th Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland and Mary Harney is appointed as the 16th, and first female, Tánaiste (Deputy Prime Minister), after their parties, Fianna Fáil and the Progressive Democrats respectively, won the 1997 General Election. [18] * Death of Israel Kamakawiwo'ole, Hawaiian singer (born 1959). [18] June 27 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Walt Disney Pictures animated feature film Hercules to theaters. [6] June 28

1346

* Death of Mrs. Miller, American singer (born 1907). [18] June 30 * First Harry Potter book is published. [18] July 1 * The United Kingdom hands sovereignty of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China. [18] * Death of Robert Mitchum, American actor (born 1917). [5] [18] July 2 * Death of James Stewart, American actor (born 1908). [18] * The Thai currency Baht is allowed to float freely according to market forces. [18] * Tom Walters Sr. of Meridian, Mississippi wins powerball of US$11 million. [18] July 4 * Death of Charles Kuralt, American television reporter (born 1934). [5] [18] * Death of John Zachary Young, British biologist (born 1907). [18] * NASA's Pathfinder space probe lands on the surface of Mars. [5] [18] July 5 * In Cambodia, Hun Sen of the Cambodian People's Party overthrows Norodom Ranariddh in a coup. [18] July 6 * A major wildfire burns approximately 40% of Seich Sou, a forest just north of Thessaloniki, also posing a significant threat to several areas in the city. [18] July 8 * Mayo Clinic researchers warn that the dieting drug "fen-phen" can cause severe heart and lung damage. [18] * NATO invites the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland to join the alliance in 1999. [18] July 9

1347

* Near the coast of Venezuela, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurs. At least 81 people killed, 522 injured, extensive damage and landslides, at least 3,000 people were left homeless. [53] July 10 * In London, scientists report DNA analysis findings from a Neandertal skeleton supporting the out-of-Africa theory of human evolution, placing an "African Eve" at 100,000 to 200,000 years ago. [5] [18] * Miguel Ángel Blanco is kidnapped in Ermua, Spain and murdered by the ETA. [18] July 11 * 90 die in Thailand's worst hotel fire at Pattaya. [18] July 13 * The remains of Che Guevara are returned to Cuba for burial, alongside some of his other comrades. [18] July 15 * Serial killer Andrew Phillip Cunanan shoots fashion designer Gianni Versace to death outside Versace's Miami, Florida residence. [18] July 16 * The Dow Jones Industrial Average gains 63.17 to close at 8,038.88. It is the Dow's first close above 8,000. The Dow has doubled its value in 30 months. [18] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film George of the Jungle to theaters. [6] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Nothing to Lose to theaters. [6] July 17 * The F.W. Woolworth Company closes after 117 years in business. [18] July 18 * In Eastern Caucasus, a magnitude 4.2 earthquake occurs. About 5,000 houses damaged. [53] July 21

1348

* The fully restored USS Constitution (aka "Old Ironsides") celebrates her 200th birthday by setting sail for the first time in 116 years. [18] July 23 * Digital Equipment Corporation files antitrust charges against chipmaker Intel. [18] * Serial killer Andrew Cunanan commits suicide in a Miami, Florida houseboat. [18] July 24 * Death of William J. Brennan, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (born 1906). [18] July 25 * K.R. Narayanan is sworn in as India's 10th president and the first member of the Dalit caste to hold this office. [18] * First light at the Swiss Light Source. [18] July 26 * Apple Computer releases Mac OS 8.0 for US$99. Code-name during development was Tempo. (1.2 million copies ship in the first two weeks, making it the most successful Apple software product ever.) [4] July 27 * Si Zerrouk massacre in Algeria; about 50 people killed. [18] * In Canada, the Toronto Transit Commission opens its Spadina light rail transit line. [5] July 28 * Death of Hedi Oplesch in St. Paul, Minnesota (born in Munich, Germany). Oplesch taught German in the school system of Robbinsdale, Minnesota. She created a long lasting television series teaching German to children. [37] August 1 * Boeing and McDonnell Douglas complete their merger. [18] August 2 * Australian ski instructor Stuart Diver is rescued as the sole survivor from the Thredbo landslide in New South Wales, Australia, in which 18 lives were lost. [18] * Death of William S. Burroughs, American author (born 1914). [18] * Death of Fela Kuti, Nigerian musician and political activist (born 1938). [18]

1349

August 3 * Oued El-Had and Mezouara massacre in Algeria; 40-76 villagers killed. [18] August 4 * Death of Jeanne Calment, French supercentenarian (born 1875). [18] * 185,000 Teamsters Union UPS drivers walk off the job. [18] August 6 * At the Macworld Expo, Steve Jobs and Bill Gates announce a five-year alliance of Apple Computer with Microsoft. Terms include: cross-licensing of existing patents plus new patents over the next five years, Microsoft will release Office for Macintosh over next five years, Apple will make Internet Explorer the default browser on all shipping Macintosh systems, Apple and Microsoft will collaborate on Java compatibility, Microsoft will invest US$150 million in Apple stock and hold it for at least three years. [4] * 228 die as Korean Air Flight 801 crash lands at Guam International Airport. [18] August 8 * Death of Sviatoslav Richter, Ukrainian pianist (born 1915). [18] August 10 * Death of Conlon Nancarrow, American-born composer (born 1912). [18] August 12 * Death of Luther Allison, American musician (born 1939). [18] August 14 * Pakistan celebrates 50 years of independence from British rule. [18] August 15 * India celebrates 50 years of independence from British rule. [18] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film G.I. Jane to theaters. [6] August 16 * Death of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Pakistani Qwalli artist (born 1948). [18]

1350

August 20 * Souhane massacre in Algeria; over 60 people killed, 15 kidnapped. [18] August 21 * Death of Yuri Nikulin, Russian actor. [18] August 23 * Death of John Kendrew, British molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (born 1917). [18] August 24 * Death of Louis Essen, English physicist (born 1908). [18] August 25 * Egon Krenz, the former East German leader, is convicted of a shoot-to-kill Berlin Wall policy. [18] August 26 * Beni-Ali massacre in Algeria; 60-100 people killed. [18] * The Independent International Commission on Decommissioning is set up in Northern Ireland, as part of the peace process. [18] August 29 * Rais massacre in Algeria; over 98 (and possibly up to 400) people killed. [18] August 31 * Diana, Princess of Wales, is taken to hospital after a car crash shortly after midnight in the Pont de l'Alma road tunnel in Paris. She is pronounced dead at 4:00 a.m. that morning. Also, death of Dodi Al-Fayed, Egyptian businessman (the same automobile accident), and driver Henri Paul. [5] [18] [145.64] September 2 * Death of Rudolph Bing, Austrian opera manager (born 1902). [18] * Death of Viktor Frankl, Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist (born 1905). [18] [37] September 3

1351

* Arizona Governor Fife Symington is convicted for various crimes tied to his real estate business, effectively forcing him out of office. [18] September 5 * Beni-Messous massacre in Algeria; over 87 killed. [18] * Death of Georg Solti, Hungarian conductor (born 1912). [18] * Death of Mother Teresa, Albanian missionary and humanitarian, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (born 1910). [18] September 6 * The funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales takes place at Westminster Abbey, watched by over one billion people worldwide. [18] * A Jean Michel Jarre Oxygene in Moscow concert, celebrating the city's 850th anniversary, draws 3.5 million people. [18] September 7 * First test flight of the F-22 Raptor. [5] [18] * Death of Mobutu Sese Seko, president of Zaire (born 1930). [18] September 9 * Death of Burgess Meredith, American actor (born 1907). [18] September 11 * Scotland votes to create its own Parliament after 290 years of union with England. [18] * NASA's Mars Global Surveyor reaches Mars. [5] September 13 * An Iraqi military officer attacks an UNSCOM weapons inspector on board an UNSCOM helicopter while the inspector was attempting to take photographs of unauthorized movement of Iraqi vehicles inside a site designated for inspection. [18] September 15 * Norwegian parliamentary election. [18] September 17

1352

* While waiting for access to a site, UNSCOM inspectors witness and videotape Iraqi guards moving files, burning documents, and dumping waste cans into a nearby river. [18] * Death of Red Skelton, American comedian (born 1913). [18] September 18 * Death of Jimmy Witherspoon, blues singer (born 1920). [18] * Wales votes in favour of devolution and the formation of a National Assembly. [18] September 19 * Death of Rich Mullins, American musician (born 1955). [18] * Guelb El-Kebir massacre in Algeria; 53 killed. [18] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film A Thousand Acres to theaters. [6] September 21 * The AIS, the FIS' armed wing, declares a unilateral ceasefire in Algeria. [18] September 22 * Bentalha massacre in Algeria; over 200 villagers killed. [18] September 25 * UNSCOM inspector Dr. Diane Seaman catches several Iraqi men sneaking out the back door of an inspection site, with log books for the creation of prohibited bacteria and chemicals. [18] * Death of Jean Françaix, French composer (born 1912). [18] September 26 * An air crash in Indonesia kills 234 people (likely caused by smoke rising from numerous forest fires in the area). [18] * In Central Italy, magnitude 5.7 and 6.4 earthquakes occurs. As a result of these two earthquakes, a total of eleven people killed, more than 100 injured and about 80,000 homes destroyed. Part of the Basilica of St. Francis at Assisi collapses. [18] [53] September 27 * Death of Walter Trampler, American violist (born 1915). [18] * The Požega Diocese (Catholic) is founded. [18] October 1

1353

* Death of Jerome H. Lemelson, American inventor (born 1923). [18] * Luke Woodham walks into Pearl High School in Pearl, Mississippi and opens fire, killing two girls, after killing his mother earlier that morning. [18] October 2 * United Kingdom scientists Moira Bruce and John Collinge, with their colleagues, independently show that the new variant form of the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is the same disease as Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) or "mad-cow disease". [18] October 4 * One million men gather for Promise Keepers' "Stand in the Gap" event in Washington, DC. [18] * Gunpei Yokoi, inventor and toy maker, dies of an auto accident. He designed Nintendo's Game & Watch handheld games, Game Boy, and Game Boy Pocket. [9] [18] * The second largest cash robbery in U.S. history ($17.3 million, mostly in small bills) occurs at the Charlotte, North Carolina office of Loomis, Fargo and Company. An FBI investigation eventually results in 24 convictions and the recovery of approximately 95% of the stolen cash. [18] October 6 * Death of Adrienne Hill, British actress. [18] October 10 * Buena Vista Pictures generally releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Washington Square to theaters in the US. [6] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film Rocketman to theaters. [6] October 12 * Death of John Denver, American musician (born 1943). [5] [18] * Sidi Daoud massacre in Algeria: 43 are killed at a fake roadblock. [18] October 15 * Andy Green sets the first supersonic land speed record for the ThrustSSC team, led by Richard Noble of the United Kingdom. ThrustSSC goes through the flying mile course at Black Rock Desert, Nevada at an average speed of 1,227.985 km/h (763.035 mph). [18] * NASA launches the Cassini-Huygens probe to Saturn. [18]

1354

* Near the coast of central Chile, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake occurs. 8 people killed, more than 300 people injured, 20,000 houses destroyed or damaged, numerous power and telephone outages, landslides and rockslides. [53] October 17 * The remains of Che Guevara are laid to rest with full military honours in a specially built mausoleum in the city of Santa Clara, Cuba, where he had won the decisive battle of the Cuban Revolution 39 years before. [18] October 19 * Death of Glen Buxton, American guitarist (born 1947). [18] October 20 * The U.S. Justice Department asks a federal court to hold Microsoft in contempt of court because it may be forcing PC makers to distribute Internet Explorer as a condition of selling Windows 95. Microsoft is formally charged with violating the terms of the 1995 Final Judgement. The federal court is asked to impose on Microsoft a US$1 million per day fine until the company stops tying the browser with Windows. [4] October 23 * Death of Bert Haanstra, Dutch filmmaker (born 1916). [18] October 24 * Death of Don Messick, American voice actor (born 1926). [18] October 27 * Stock markets around the world crash because of a global economic crisis scare. The Dow Jones Industrial Average follows suit and plummets 554.26, or 7.18%, to 7,161.15. The points loss exceeds the loss from Black Monday. Officials at the New York Stock Exchange for the first time invoke the "circuit breaker" rule to stop trading. [18] October 28 * The Dow Jones Industrial Average gains a record 337.17 to 7,498.32. One billion shares are traded on the New York Stock Exchange for the first time ever. [18] October 29 * Death of Anton Szandor LaVey, American founder of the Church of Satan (born 1930). [18]

1355

* Iraq says it will begin shooting down U-2 surveillance planes being used by UNSCOM inspectors. [18] October 30 * In Newton, Massachusetts, British au pair Louise Woodward is found guilty of the baby-shaking death of 8-month-old Matthew Eappen. [18] November 3 * In France, striking truck drivers blockade ports during a pay dispute. [18] November 5 * Death of James Robert Baker, American novelist and screenwriter (born 1946). [18] * Death of Sir Isaiah Berlin, Russian historian of ideas (born 1909). [18] November 6 * In Southern Quebec, Canada, a magnitude 4.8 earthquake occurs. Felt as far south as Ottawa, Ontario and as far east as Edmundston, New Brunswick. Felt in western Maine, northern New Hampshire, northern Vermont and parts of northeastern New York in the United States. [53] November 9 * BBC News 24 is launched. [18] November 10 * Telecom companies WorldCom and MCI Communications announce a US$37 billion merger to form MCI WorldCom (the largest merger in US history). [18] * A Fairfax, Virginia jury finds Mir Aimal Kasi guilty of murdering two US Central Intelligence Agency employees in 1993. [18] November 11 * Mary McAleese is elected the 8th President of Ireland. [18] November 12 * Mitsubishi Motor Sales of America and Mitsubishi Electric America sign an agreement with the Rainforest Action Network, committing the companies to ecological sustainability and social responsibility. [240.280] * Death of Carlos Surinach, Spanish composer (born 1915). [18]

1356

* Ramzi Yousef is found guilty of masterminding the 1993 World Trade Center bombing. [18] November 13 * The Lion King musical play opens at the New Amsterdam theater in New York. [6] November 15 * Death of Douglas MacArthur II, nephew of World War II General Douglas MacArthur (born 1909). [18] November 16 * Larry Shinoda dies of kidney failure. [8] November 17 * Death of John Wimber, American leader of the Vineyard Movement (born 1934). [18] * In Luxor, Egypt, 62 people are killed by six Islamic militants outside the Temple of Hatshepsut (police kill the assailants). [18] November 19 * Bell Laboratories in New Jersey announces that it has developed a 60-nanometre MOS transistor that is five times faster and one quarter the size of current transistors. It also uses 60 to 160 times less power. [4] November 21 * In the India-Bangladesh border region, a magnitude 6.1 earthquake occurs. Twentythree people killed, 200 injured, and a five-story building collapsed at Chittagong, Bangladesh. [53] * Death of Robert Simpson, English composer (born 1921). [18] November 22 * Australian singer and INXS frontman, Michael Hutchence, 37, is found hanged in a Sydney hotel room. [18] November 25 * Death of Monique Serf, French singer (born 1930). [18] November 26

1357

* Buena Vista Pictures releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film Flubber to theaters. The film is a remake of the 1961 film The Absent Minded Professor. [6] November 27 * Second Souhane massacre in Algeria: 25 killed. [18] * NASA and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency jointly launch Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, a satellite program to study tropical and subtropical rainfall and its effects on global climate. [32.43] November 30 * Death of Kathy Acker, American author (born 1947). [18] December 1 * Michael Carneal fires at his classmates at Heath High School in West Paducah, Kentucky, leaving three dead and five wounded. [18] * Denis Gerald Barrington, artist, dies at age 67. [1] * Stephane Grappelli, French jazz violinist, dies at age 89. [1] * Westinghouse formally changes its name to CBS. [1] December 2 * Pope John Paul II creates the archbishopric of Vaduz in Liechtenstein. The first archbishop is Wolfgang Haas. [37] * Death of Michael Hedges, American composer and guitarist (born 1953). [18] December 3 * Marian Kratochwil artist, dies at age 91. [1] * In Ottawa, Canada, representatives from 121 countries sign a treaty prohibiting the manufacture and deployment of anti-personnel land mines. The United States, the People's Republic of China, and Russia do not sign the treaty. [18] December 4 * David Abell Wood, priest, dies at age 72. [1] * Richard Vernon, British actor (Gandhi, Hard Days Night), dies at age 72. [1] December 5 * Colin Franklin, doctor, dies at age 67. [1] * Daphne Fielding, socialite/writer, dies at age 93. [1]

1358

* STS 87 (Columbia 24) lands. [1] * Texas Instruments announces that it has created a manufacturing technique to create integrated circuits using copper wiring. This approach could lead to processors that are ten times faster than today's chips, while using less power. [4] * In Near the East Coast of Kamchatka, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake occurs. [53] December 6 * Alan Mouncer, film director/producer, dies at age 68. [1] * Edmund Charles Wolf Myers, soldier/engineer, dies at age 91. [1] * Eliot Daniel, composer (I Love Lucy theme), dies at age 89. [1] December 8 * 8th Billboard Music Awards: LeAnn Rimes and Spice Girls win. [1] * Bob Bell, clown (WGN's first Bozo), dies at age 75. [1] * Leon Poliakov, historian, dies at age 87. [1] December 9 * Tamara Geva, dancer, dies at age 91. [1] December 10 * Violet Carlson, stage dancer/singer, dies at age 97. [1] December 11 * Federal judge orders Microsoft not to bundle Internet Explorer 4 in Windows. [1] * Kenneth William Gatland, aerospace scientist, dies at age 73. [1] December 12 * Carlos the Jackal, "professional revolutionary" goes on trial in Paris, France. [1] * Demonstrations in state capitals of Australia against World Trade Organization and International Monetary Fund. [18] * Federal judge sentences Autumn Jackson, who claims to be Bill Cosby's daughter, to 26 months for trying to extort US$40 million from him. [1] * Japanese train builders (Maglev) claim world speed record at 332 MPH. [1] * SWAT team shoots John E Armstrong in Florida, freeing two young hostages. [1] December 13 * Alexander Oppenheim, mathematician, dies at age 94. [1] * Martin Carter, poet/critic, dies at age 70. [1] * Rafael Jose Fernandez de la Calzada y Ferrer, restaurateur, dies at age 83. [1]

1359

December 14 * Owen Barfield, philosopher of language, dies at age 99. [1] * Robert Sutton, electronics engineer, dies at age 82. [1] * Stubby Kaye, actor (Guys and Dolls, Sweet Charity), dies at age 79. [1] December 15 * Lillian Disney, widow of Walt Disney, dies at age 98. [1] * Pananayiotis Taki Vatikiotis, middle east scholar, dies at age 69. [1] December 16 * Nicolette Larson, singer (Lotta Love), dies from brain seizure at age 45. [1] * Richard Warwick, actor (Johnny Dangerously, Sebastine, If), dies at age 52. [1] December 17 * Reginald Victor Jones, scientist, dies at age 86. [1] * The term "weblog" is coined by Jorn Barger. [18] December 18 * Death of Chris Farley, American actor and comedian (Saturday Night Live, Tommy Boy), at age 33 (born 1964). [1] [5] [18] * HTML 4.0 is published by the World Wide Web Consortium. [5] December 19 * Death of David Schramm, American astrophysicist, at age 52 (born 1945). [1] [18] * The film Titanic is released to movie theaters. (The film goes on to become the most financially successful movie in U.S. history, grossing approximately US$1.8 billion worldwide.) [5] * Masaru Ibuka, co-founder of Sony Corporation, dies at age 89. [1] December 20 * Dawn Steel, film maker (When Harry Met Sally), dies at age 51. [1] * Death of Denise Levertov, English-born American poet, at age 74 (born 1923). [1] [18] * Vincent Ciccone, inventor (Blow-Pops candy), dies at age 81. [1] December 21 * Death of Amie Comeaux, American country singer (born 1976). [18]

1360

* Juzo Itami, film director/actor (Lord Jim, Yuuguremade), dies at age 64. [1] * Michael Lyne, air-marshal, dies at age 78. [1] December 22 * Dawn Steel producer/president (Columbia TriStar), dies of brain tumor at age 51. [1] * Douglas Ranger, surgeon, dies at age 81. [1] * Hugh Edward Conway Seymour, marquis of Hertford, dies at age 67. [1] * Hunter Tylo awarded US$4 million in Melrose Place breach of contract. [1] * John Pinkerton, computer scientist, dies at age 78. [1] * Johnny Coles, trumpeter, dies at age 71. [1] * Juzo Itami, Japanese director, commits suicide at age 64. [1] * Merck baldness pill for men approved by US Food and Drug Administration. [1] December 23 * Austin Whitaker, schoolmaster classical scholar/archivist, dies at age 90. [1] * Brian Malzard Foss, psychologist, dies at age 76. [1] * Donald Gunn MacRae, sociologist, dies at age 76. [1] * Hrvoje Horvatic, video artist, dies at age 39. [1] * Stanley Cortez cinematographer (Magnificent Ambersons), dies at age 92. [1] * Terry Nichols found guilty of manslaughter in Oklahoma bombing. [1] * US Agriculture Department estimates it costs $149,820 to raise a child to 18. [1] December 24 * First time a Channukah candle is officially lit in Vatican City. [1] * Alan Fluck, musical educationalist, dies at age 69. [1] * Anthea Joseph, music producer, dies at age 57. [1] * James Komack, producer (Courtship of Eddie's Father), dies at age 67. [1] * Death of Toshiro Mifune, Japanese actor (Shogun), at age 77 (born 1920). [1] [18] * Sid El-Antri massacre in Algeria: 50-100 villagers are killed. [18] December 25 * Anatoli Boukreev, mountaineer, dies at age 39. [1] * Death of Denver Pyle, American actor (Dukes of Hazzard), at age 77 (born 1920). [1] [5] [18] * For first time US movie box office receipts pass US$6 billion. [1] * Giorgio Strehler, theatre director, dies at age 76. [1] * Laurence Gower, academic, dies at age 84. [1] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Walt Disney Pictures animated feature film Mr. Magoo to theaters. [6] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Kundun to theaters. [6]

1361

December 26 * John Hinde, photographer/circus promoter, dies at age 81. [1] * John Whitley, air-Marshal, dies at age 92. [1] December 27 * Brendan Gill, journalist, dies at age 83. [1] * Dorothy Stroud, garden historian, dies at age 87. [1] * Ewart G Abner Jr, president of Motown Records, dies at age 74. [1] * Tom Hudson, artist/teacher, dies at age 75. [1] * Loyalist paramilitary leader Billy Wright is assassinated in Northern Ireland, inside Long Kesh prison. [18] December 28 * James Lees-Milne, architecural historian, dies at age 89. [1] * Ronald Clive Williams, actor/comedian, dies at age 68. [1] * Sting beats Hollywood Hogan for WCW Championship. [1] December 29 * Hong Kong begins to kill all the chickens within its territory (1.25 million) to stop the spread of a potentially deadly influenza strain. [1] [18] * Orville Lynn Majors, 36, arrested for many deaths under his care. [1] * Robert Steel, academic, dies at age 82. [1] * Russia signs agreement to build a US$3 billion nuclear power plant in China. [1] December 30 * In the worst incident in Algeria's insurgency, 400 people are killed from four villages in the wilaya of Relizane: Khrouba (176 deaths), Sahnoun (113 deaths), El-Abadel (73 deaths), and Ouled-Tayeb (50 deaths). [18] December 31 * Dominique de Menil, arts patron/human rights advocate, dies at age 89. [1] * Floyd Cramer, pianist (Nashville Sound), dies of cancer at age 64. [1] * Lillian "Billie Dove" Bohny, actress, dies at age 96. [1] * Michael Kennedy, son of Robert Kennedy, dies in ski accident at age 39. [1] * Microsoft buys Hotmail E-mail service. [1] * South African and Anerican surgeons separate Zambian Siamese twins joined at the head. [1] * After 26 years in operation, the Opryland USA theme park in Nashville, Tennessee closes permanently. [18]

1362

Year * More Swedes died than were born in 1997, first time since 1809. [1] * Global mean surface temperature at highest point since accurate measurements in 1880. [58]

1363

1998 January 1 * Smoking is banned in all California bars and restaurants. [1] [19] * Mongolia switches from a 46 hour to 40 hour work week. [1] * US Census Bureau estimates population at 268,921,733. [1] January 2 * Russia begins to circulate new rubles to stem inflation and promote confidence. [19] * A gunman shoots Antario Teodoro Filho, Brazilian politician and radio presenter, during a broadcast. [19] January 4 * John Gary, singer, dies at age 65. [1] * Wilaya of Relizane massacres in Algeria: Over 170 are killed in three remote villages. [19] * Death of Mae Questel, American actress (born 1908). [19] January 5 * Georgi Sviridov composer, dies at age 82. [1] * Ice storm knocks out electricity in Québec and Ontario, Canada. [1] * Death of Sonny Bono, American singer/actor/politician, at age 62 while skiing (born 1935). [1] [19] * Vandals decapitate Copenhagen's Little Mermaid. [1] January 6 * The Lunar Prospector spacecraft is launched into orbit around the Moon, and later finds evidence for frozen water, in soil in permanently shadowed craters near the Moon's poles. [19] January 7 * Death of Vladimir Prelog, Croatian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1906). [19] January 8 * Death of Michael Tippett, English composer, at age 93 (born 1905). [1] [19] * Unabomber suspect Theodore Kaczynski asks to act as his own lawyer. [1] * Walter Diemer, inventor (bubble gum 1928), dies of heart failure at age 93. [1] * Ramzi Yousef is sentenced to life in prison for planning the World Trade Center bombing. [1] [19]

1364

* Cosmologists announce that the universe's expansion rate is increasing. [19] January 9 * Anatoly Karpov defeats Viswanathan Anand to retain chess title. [1] * Anatoly Solovyov and Pavel Vinogradov spacewalk record 3 hours 8 minutes. [1] * Decapitated head of Danish Little Mermaid is returned. [1] * Death of Kenichi Fukui, Japanese chemist and Nobel Prize laureate, at age 79 (born 1918). [1] [19] January 10 * In Northeastern China, a magnitude 5.7 earthquake occurs. Seventy people killed, about 11,500 injured, 44,000 families left homeless. Over 70,000 houses were damaged or destroyed. Damage to portions of the Great Wall of China in northwestern Hebei Province. [53] * In Guatemala, a magnitude 6.6 earthquake occurs. At least 27 people injured. Felt throughout southern and western Guatemala, in El Salvador and parts of southern Mexico. [53] January 11 * 24th Annual People's Choice Awards: Seinfeld, Tim Allen win. [1] * Death of Klaus Tennstedt, German conductor, at age 71 (born 1926). [1] [19] * Sidi-Hamed massacre in Algeria: over 100 people are killed. [19] January 12 * Nineteen European nations agree to forbid human cloning. [19] January 14 * Researchers in Dallas, Texas present findings about an enzyme that slows aging and cell death (apoptosis). [19] January 15 * Death of Amos "Junior" Wells, American blues harmonica player, at age 63 (born 1934). [1] [19] * Gulzarilal Nanda, temporary Prime Minister of India (1964, 66), dies. [1] January 16 * NASA announces that John Glenn, age 76, will return to space when the Space Shuttle Discovery blasts off in October. [1] [19] * David "Junior" Kimbrough, blues musician, dies at age 67. [1]

1365

* Peter Diamand, artistic administrator, dies at age 84. [1] January 17 * Emil Sitka, actor (Three Stooges shorts), dies of stroke at age 82. [1] * Paula Jones accuses U.S. President Bill Clinton of sexual harassment. [1] [19] January 18 * 55th Golden Globes Awards. [1] January 19 * Death of Carl Perkins, American singer/songwriter/guitarist, at age 65 (born 1932). [1] [19] January 20 * Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducts Mama and Papas, Eagles. [1] * Nepalese police intercept a shipment of 272 human skulls in Kathmandu. [19] * Zevulun Hammer, Vice Prime Minister of Israel, dies. [1] January 21 * Death of Jack Lord, American actor (Hawaii Five-O) (born 1920). [19] * Pope John Paul II visits Cuba. [1] January 22 * STS 89 (Endeavour 12) launches into orbit. [1] * Suspected "Unabomber" Theodore Kaczynski pleads guilty, and accepts a sentence of life without the possibility of parole. [19] January 23 * Hilla Limann, President of Ghana in (1979-81), dies. [1] * Pope John Paul II condemns US embargo against Cuba. [1] January 25 * Britain's Queen Mother, 97, gets an emergency hip replacement. [1] * Mohammad Yusuf Khan prime minister of Afghanistan in (1963-65), dies. [1] * The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) suicide attack Sri Lanka's Temple of the Tooth kills eight people, injuring 25 others. [19] January 26

1366

* 25th American Music Awards: Spice Girls and Babyface win. [1] * Intel launches 333 MHz Pentium II chip. [1] * On American television, President Bill Clinton denies he had "sexual relations" with former White House intern Monica Lewinsky. [1] [19] * S P Leary, Texan Blues drummer (Muddy Waters), dies at age 67. [1] * Shinichi Suzuki, music teacher (Suzuki Method), dies at age 99. [1] * Walter Edmonds, writer (Drums Along the Mohawk), dies at age 93. [1] January 27 * Crane crashes into Roosevelt Island (New York City New York) Tram, injuring 10. [1] * Roland Clarkson discovers 2^3021377-1 (37th known Mersenne prime). [1] January 28 * Michelangelo's "Christ and the Woman of Samaria", sold for $7.4 million. [1] * Ford Motor Company announces the buyout of Volvo Cars for $6.45 billion. [19] * Death of Shotaro Ishinomori, Japanese Manga artist, "Father of Henshin heroes." (born 1938). [19] * Gunmen hold at least 400 children and teachers hostage for several hours, at an elementary school in Manila, Philippines. [19] January 29 * Soyuz TM-27 launches to MIR space station. [1] * Thick Fog causes highway carnage in Belgium and Netherlands, six die. [1] * In Birmingham, Alabama, a bomb explodes at an abortion clinic, killing one and severely wounding another. Serial bomber Eric Rudolph is the prime suspect. [1] [19] January 30 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Hollywood Pictures film Deep Rising to theaters in the USA. [6] * Paul Simon's "The Capeman" premieres. [1] * Ricky Sanderson, who stabbed a 16-year old girl in North Carolina, executed at age 38. [1] January 31 * STS 89 (Endeavour 12) lands. [1] February 1

1367

* The United States Senate passes Resolution 71, urging U.S. President Bill Clinton to "take all necessary and appropriate actions to respond to the threat posed by Iraq's refusal to end its weapons of mass destruction programs." [19] February 2 * The Standard & Poor's 500 index closes above 1,000 for the first time, at 1,001.27. [19] * Philippine DC-9 crashes apparently killing all 104 on board. [1] February 3 * Karla Faye Tucker, age 38, is executed in Texas, becoming the first woman executed in the United States since 1984 and the first to be executed in Texas since the American Civil War. [1] [19] * Postage stamps commemorating Princess Diana go on sale across Britain. [1] * A United States Military pilot causes the deaths of 20 people near Trento, Italy, when his low-flying plane severs the cable of a cable-car. [1] [19] February 4 * Microsoft chairman Bill Gates gets a pie thrown in his face in Brussels, Belgium. [1] * In Hindu Kush region, Afghanistan, a magnitude 5.9 earthquake occurs. At least 2,323 people killed, 818 injured, 8,094 houses destroyed. [19] [53] February 5 * Alberto Acciarito convicted of harassing his ex-wife Ingrid Rossellini. [1] * Tim Kelly guitarist, dies at age 34. [1] February 6 * International Telecommunications Union of modem vendors agree on v.90 as a common 56 kbps transmission standard. [4] * Death of Carl Wilson, American musician (Beach Boys) at age 51 of lung cancer (born 1946). [1] [19] * Nazim al-Kudsi, Syrian Prime Minister (1949, 1950-51)/President (1961-63), dies. [1] * Death of Falco (Johann Hoelzel), Austrian musician (Rock Me Amadeus), at age 40 (born 1957). [1] [19] * Washington National Airport is renamed Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport. [19] * The French prefect Claude Erignac is assassinated in the streets of Ajaccio (Corse). [19] February 7

1368

* Death of Lawrence Sanders, American author (born 1920). [19] February 8 * William Lambert, Pulitzer prize-winning reporter, dies at age 78. [1] * Death of Halldór Laxness, Icelandic writer, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1902). [19] (February 9 [1]) * Death of Julian Lincoln Simon, American economist and author (born 1932). [19] February 9 * 6th annual ESPY Awards. [1] * Failed assassination attempt on Georgian President Eduard Shevardnadze. [1] February 10 * AOL raises monthly flat rate Internet access from $19.95 to $21.95. [1] * Buddy the Wonder Dog dog (Air Bud), dies of cancer at age 9. [1] * Maurice Schumann, French foreign minister (1969-73), dies. [1] * A college dropout becomes the first person to be convicted of a hate crime committed in cyberspace. [19] * Voters in Maine repeal a gay rights law passed in 1997, becoming the first U.S. state to abandon such a law. [19] February 11 * KVBC-FM (Las Vegas) offers Monica Lewinsky $5M for interview. [1] * Lyrics to "Candle in the Wind 1997" auctioned for $442,500. [1] February 12 * 250-car Italy pile-up due to fog, four die and 50 hurt. [1] * Intel unveils its first graphics chip, the i740. [1] * US district judge T Hogan declares the presidential line-item veto law is unconstitutional. [1] [19] February 13 * Jo Clayton, author, (Cancer Died, Drums of Chaos), dies at age 58. [1] February 16 * Martha Gellhorn, female war reporter for Reuthers, dies at age 89. [1] * Tellabs Inc acquires Coherent Communications Systems for $670 million. [1]

1369

* China Airlines Flight 676 crashes into a residential area near Chiang Kai-shek International Airport, killing 202 people (all 196 on board and six on the ground). [19] February 17 * Ernst Juenger, German writer, dies at age 102 in Riedlingen, Germany. [1] [37] * Larry Wayne Harris and Bill Levitt arrested for possession of anthrax. [1] February 18 * Mya Than Tint, Myanmarese author, dies of brain hemorrhage at age 69. [1] * Robert Merrill, songwriter (Funny Girl), commits suicide at age 76. [1] * Two white separatists are arrested in Nevada, accused of plotting biological warfare on New York City subways. [19] February 19 * Soyuz TM-26 lands. [1] * A 66-day blackout begins in Auckland, New Zealand. [19] * Larry Wayne Harris of the Aryan Nations and William Leavitt are arrested in Henderson, New York, for possession of military grade anthrax. [19] February 20 * Iraqi President Saddam Hussein negotiates a deal with U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan, allowing weapons inspectors to return to Baghdad, preventing military action by the United States and Britain. [1] [19] * US movie box office hits quickest $1 billion for year (51 days). [1] * In Hindu Kush region, Afghanistan, a magnitude 6.4 earthquake occurs. One person killed and 11 injured. An earthquake-induced avalanche destroyed 35 houses and a mosque, and left 300 people homeless. Felt in much of northern Pakistan and in northeastern Afghanistan and in parts of Tajikistan. [53] February 22 * Louis Marshall (Grandpa Jones), country singer/comic/banjo wizard (Hee Haw), dies at age 84. [1] * One third of the Tower block "Palace II" collapses in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. [19] * Jose Maria de Areilza, Spanish minister of foreign affairs (1975-76), dies. [1] * Sandy Hume, correspondent (Fox News), commits suicide at age 28. [1] * Death of Abraham Alexander Ribicoff, American Democratic Party politician (born 1910). [19] February 23 * Philip Abbott actor (Arthur Ward-FBI), dies at age 74. [1]

1370

* Death of Sean A. Moore, American writer (born 1965). [19] * Tornadoes in central Florida destroy or damage 2,600 structures and kill 42. [1] [19] * Osama bin Laden publishes a fatwa, declaring jihad against all Jews and Crusaders. [19] February 24 * Musician Elton John knighted by Queen Elizabeth II. [1] * Death of Henny Youngman, English-born comedian, at age 92 (born 1906). [1] [19] * Hustler publisher Larry Flynt is acquitted on charges of defaming Jerry Falwell. [19] * A man tries to hijack a Turkish Airlines passenger plane, claiming that he has a bomb in his teddy bear; passengers disapprove and apprehend him. [19] February 25 * 40th Grammy Awards. [1] * Luigi Veronesi, Italian abstract artist (Campo Grafico), dies at age 90. [1] * Pamela Anderson Lee has husband Tommy Lee arrested on battery charges. [1] * Umberto Mastroianni Italian sculptor, dies at age 87. [1] February 26 * Oprah Winfrey beats Texas cattlemen in beef trial. [1] * Total solar eclipse in Venezuela-Pacific Ocean (4 minutes 9 seconds). [1] * Death of Theodore Schultz, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1902). [19] February 27 * Netscape makes source code for Netscape Communicator 5.0 browser available for free download on the Internet. [4] * Apple discontinues developing Newton computer. [1] * FBI arrests 10 most wanted suspected serial killer Tony Ray Amati. [1] * Death of J. T. Walsh, American actor (Good Morning Vietnam, Sling Blade), at age 54 of a heart attack (born 1943). [1] [19] * Death of George H. Hitchings, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1905). [19] February 28 * Death of Dermot Morgan, Irish actor and comedian (born 1952). [19] * Serbian police begin to wipe out so-called "terrorist gangs" in Kosovo. [19] March 2

1371

* Data sent from the Galileo probe indicates that Jupiter's moon Europa has a liquid ocean under a thick crust of ice. [19] * Natascha Kampusch is abducted by Wolfgang Priklopil (she will remain in his captivity until August 2006). [19] March 4 * The Supreme Court of the United States rules that federal laws banning on-the-job sexual harassment also apply when both parties are the same sex. [19] March 5 * NASA announces that the Clementine probe orbiting the Moon has found enough water in polar craters to support a human colony and rocket fueling station. [19] * NASA announces the choice of United States Air Force Lieutenant Colonel Eileen Collins as commander of a future Space Shuttle Columbia mission to launch an X-ray telescope, making Collins the first woman commander of a space shuttle mission. [19] March 6 * First time the British flag is flown over Buckingham Palace. [1] * Adem Jasari, Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) leader, is killed. [1] * Matt Beck, an angry lottery accountant kills four at Connecticut state lottery. [1] * Gramercy Pictures releases the film The Big Lebowski to theaters in Canada and the USA. [8] March 7 * Death of Bernarr Rainbow, historian of music education, organist, and choir master, (born 1914). [19] * The Imperial Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan is fined for burning a cross in his garden and infringing air regulations in California. [19] March 10 * Death of Lloyd Bridges, American actor (born 1913). [19] * United States troops stationed in the Persian Gulf begin to receive the first anthrax vaccine. [19] * 4th Blockbuster Entertainment Awards. [1] March 11 * In the Danish parliamentary election, Prime Minister Poul Nyrup Rasmussen is reelected. [19] March 12

1372

* Death of Judge Dread, English musician (born 1945). [19] * Death of Beatrice Wood, American artist and ceramicist (born 1893). [19] * Death of Jozef Kroner, Slovak actor (The Shop on Main Street) (born 1924). [19] March 13 * Death of Bill Reid, Canadian artist (born 1920). [19] March 14 * In Northern Iran, a magnitude 6.6 earthquake occurs. Five people killed and 50 injured. Two thousand houses destroyed, 10,000 people left homeless. [19] [53] March 16 * Death of Derek Harold Richard Barton, British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1918). [19] March 20 * Death of George Howard, American jazz saxophone musician (born 1956). [19] March 22 * 18th Golden Raspberry Awards: The Postman wins. [1] March 23 * 70th Academy Awards: Titanic, Jack Nicholson, Helen Hunt win. [1] [19] March 24 * The Jonesboro massacre: two young boys (aged 11 and 13 years) fire upon students at Westside Middle School while hidden in woodlands near the school. Four students and one teacher are killed, and 10 are injured. [19] March 25 * Death of Daniel Massey, English actor (born 1933). [19] * In Balleny Islands Region, a magnitude 8.1 earthquake occurs. Believed to be the largest instrumentally recorded earthquake in this area to date. [53] March 26

1373

* Oued Bouaicha massacre in Algeria: 52 people are killed with axes and knives, 32 of them babies under the age of 2. [19] March 27 * The US Food and Drug Administration approves Viagra for use as a treatment for male impotence, the first pill to be approved for this condition in the United States. [19] * Soul Train Awards. [1] March 29 * A series of tornadoes in southern Minnesota kills three people. [19] March 31 * Death of Bella Abzug, American politician (born 1920). [19] April 1 * Ukrainian serial killer Anatoly Onoprienko is sentenced to death for 52 murders. [19] * Death of Rozz Williams, American singer (born 1963). [19] April 5 * In Japan, the Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge linking Shikoku with Honshu and costing about US$3.8 billion, opens to traffic, becoming the largest suspension bridge in the world. [19] * Death of Cozy Powell, English rock drummer (born 1947). [19] April 6 * Death of Wendy O. Williams, American singer (born 1949). [19] * Death of Tammy Wynette [Virginia Wynette Pugh], American country singer (Stand By Your Man) of a blood clot at age 55 (born 1942). [19] (April 9 [1]) * Pakistan tests medium-range missiles capable of hitting India. [19] April 7 * Citicorp and Travelers Group announce plans to merge, creating the largest financialservices conglomerate in the world, Citigroup. [19] April 8 * UNSCOM reports to the United Nations Security Council that Iraq's declaration on its biological weapons program is incomplete and inadequate. [19] * A Force 5 tornado strikes the western portion of the Birmingham, Alabama area, killing 32. [19]

1374

April 10 * Eighteen hours after the end of the talks deadline, the Belfast Agreement is signed between the Irish and British governments and most Northern Ireland political parties, with the notable exception of the Democratic Unionist Party. [19] [141.62] April 12 * In Slovenia, a magnitude 5.7 earthquake occurs. Felt strongly throughout Slovenia, northeastern Italy, throughout Austria, and in parts of Croatia, Germany, and Hungary. [53] April 13 * Death of Patrick de Gayardon, French skydiver and skysurfing pioneer (born 1960). [19] April 15 * Death of Rose Maddox, American singer (born 1925). [19] * Death of Pol Pot, Cambodian Khmer Rouge leader (born 1925). [19] * Intel announces the 266 MHz Celeron processor with 32 kB Level 1 cache. The Celeron is a Pentium II processor with no secondary cache, making it cheaper and slightly less powerful, targeting home computer users. [4] April 16 * A Force 3 tornado passes through downtown Nashville, Tennessee - the first tornado in 11 years to directly hit a major city. An F5 tornado travels through rural portions south of Nashville. [19] * Death of Fred Davis, English snooker player (born 1913). [19] April 17 * Death of Muhammad Metwally Al Shaarawy, Egyptian Muslim jurist (born 1911). [19] April 18 * The Walt Disney Company launches the Toon Disney cable television network in the USA. [6] April 19

1375

* Death of Octavio Paz, Mexican diplomat and writer, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1914). [19] April 20 * At a public showing of Windows 98, the operating system crashes while Bill Gates is demonstrating its features. [4] April 21 * Death of Irene Vernon, American actress (born 1922). [19] April 22 * Disney's Animal Kingdom opens to the public at Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida. [5] [6] April 23 * Death of Constantine Karamanlis, Greek politician (born 1907). [19] * Death of James Earl Ray, American assassin (born 1928). [19] April 25 * Death of Wright Morris, American photographer and writer (born 1910). [19] * A waste reservoir at the Los Frailes mine in Andalusia, Spain ruptures, discharging heavy metal waste into the Guadiamar River. The pollution threatens the sensitive ecosystem and endangered species of Doñana National Park, Spain's largest nature reserve, but is diverted into the Guadalquivir River. Up to 100 square km of farmland are ruined by the spill. [19] May 1 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film He Got Game to theaters in the USA. [6] * Death of Eldridge Cleaver, American activist (born 1935). [19] May 2 * Death of Kevin Lloyd, British actor (born 1949). [19] * Death of Matsumoto Hideto, Japanese musician (born 1964). [19] * The European Central Bank is founded in Brussels in order to define and execute the EU's monetary policy. [5] * The Dutch economist, Wim Duisenberg, is elected as the first president of the European Central Bank. [37]

1376

May 3 * Death of Jason Anderson, American military (born 1974). [19] May 4 * Astronaut Buzz Aldrin and Buzz Lightyear attend the re-opening of the Moonliner attraction in Disneyland, California. The original Moonliner was removed in 1966. [6] May 6 * Apple Computer introduces the iMac computer, with 233 MHz PowerPC G3 processor, 32 MB RAM, 4 GB hard drive, 15-inch monitor, for US$1300. [4] May 7 * Death of Allan McLeod Cormack, South African-born physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1924). [19] * Death of Eddie Rabbitt, American musician (born 1941). [19] May 9 * Death of Alice Faye, American entertainer (born 1915). [19] * Dana International, a singer from Israel, wins the Eurovision Song Contest 1998 in Birmingham, United Kingdom. [19] May 11 * India conducts three underground nuclear tests in Pokhran, including one thermonuclear device. [19] May 13 * India carries out two more nuclear tests at Pokhran. The United States and Japan impose economic sanctions on India. [19] * Sony CEA releases the Gran Turismo video game for the PlayStation in the US. [9] * (to May 14) Riots directed against Chinese Indonesians break out in Indonesia. Indonesian natives destroy and burn Chinese Indonesian-owned properties and kill and rape more than 1,000 Chinese Indonesians. [19] May 14 * Death of Frank (Francis Albert) Sinatra, American entertainer, at age 82 from heart and kidney disease, bladder cancer, senility (born 1915). [1] [19] * Last episode of Seinfeld on NBC (commercials are $2 million for 30 seconds). [1]

1377

* Death of Marjory Stoneman Douglas, American conservationist and writer (born 1890). [19] May 15 * UNSCOM learns that an Iraqi delegation has travelled to Bucharest, to meet with scientists who can provide the country with missile guidance systems. [19] * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film The Horse Whisperer to theaters in the USA. [6] May 18 * The US Department of Justice and twenty state attorneys general file a lawsuit against Microsoft, charging the company with violations of the Sherman Act: exclusive dealing and unlawful tying, monopoly maintenance in the operating system market, and attempted monopoly of the browser market. [4] May 19 * The Galaxy IV communications satellite fails, leaving 80-90 percent of the world's newspagers without service. [19] * The US aircraft Yorktown is located by searchers, three miles below the ocean surface, where she sank on June 7, 1942. [10] * Death of Sosuke Uno, Prime Minister of Japan (born 1922). [19] May 21 * At Thurston High School in Springfield, Oregon, Kipland Kinkel (who was suspended for bringing a gun to school) shoots a semi-automatic rifle into a room filled with students, killing two and wounding 25 others, after killing his parents at home. [19] * In Miami, Florida, five abortion clinics are hit by a butyric acid attacker. [19] * Suharto resigns after 32 years as President of Indonesia and his 7th consecutive reelection by the Indonesian Parliament (MPR). Suharto's hand-picked Vice President, B. J. Habibie, becomes Indonesia's third president. [19] [240.48] * (to September 30) Expo '98 is held in Lisbon, Portugal, with the title "Oceans, an Heritage for the Future". [19] May 22 * Tomorrowland at Disneyland in California re-opens after extensive remodelling. [6] * The Rocket Rods attraction opens in Tomorrowland at Disneyland, California. It occupies the old PeopleMover track. [6] * DisneyQuest opens at Downtown Disney West Side in Walt Disney World in Florida. It provides five stories of high-tech attractions, including Explore Zone, Create Zone, and Replay Zone. [6]

1378

* A federal judge rules that United States Secret Service agents can be compelled to testify before a grand jury concerning the Lewinsky-Clinton scandal. [19] * Murray Gleeson is appointed Chief Justice of Australia, succeeding Sir Gerard Brennan. [19] * Death of José Enrique Moyal, mathematical physicist (born 1910). [19] * In Central Bolivia, a magnitude 6.6 earthquake occurs. At least 105 people killed and 150 injured. Eighty percent of the buildings at Aiquile and seventy percent at Totora destroyed. [53] May 26 * At 23 years of age, Bear Grylls became the youngest British climber to scale the top of Mount Everest and back down. [19] May 27 * Oklahoma City bombing: Michael Fortier is sentenced to 12 years in prison and fined $200,000 for failing to warn authorities about the terrorist plot. [19] May 28 * In response to a series of Indian nuclear tests, Pakistan explodes five nuclear devices of its own in the Chaghai hills of Baluchistan, prompting the United States, Japan and other nations to impose economic sanctions. [19] * In Encino, California, the wife of Saturday Night Live comedian Phil Hartman kills him and commits suicide afterwards. [1] [19] * In Southern Xinjiang, China, a magnitude 5.6 earthquake occurs. Twenty-eight people injured, more than 2,000 buildings destroyed, an additional 3,000 damaged. [53] May 29 * Death of Barry M. Goldwater, American politician (born 1909). [19] May 30 * Pakistan conducts a second nuclear explosion following its first test. [19] * In the Afghanistan - Tajikistan border region, a magnitude 6.6 earthquake occurs. At least 4,000 people killed, many thousands injured and homeless. [19] [53] June 1 * Death of Darwin Joston, American actor (born 1937). [19] June 2 * The CIH virus is discovered in Taiwan. [19]

1379

* California voters approve Proposition 227, abolishing the state's bilingual education program. [19] June 3 * Death of Poul Bundgaard, Danish actor and singer (born 1922). [19] * An InterCityExpress high speed train derails between Hannover and Hamburg, Germany, causing 101 deaths. The train, ICE 884 "Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen", was traveling at 200 kilometres per hour when it derailed and crashed into a bridge. [19] [37] June 4 * Terry Nichols is sentenced to life in prison for his role in the Oklahoma City bombing. [19] June 5 * A strike begins at the General Motors Corporation parts factory in Flint, Michigan, quickly spreading to five other assembly plants and lasting seven weeks. [19] June 7 * Three white supremacists murder James Byrd Jr. in Jasper, Texas. [19] * The Walt Disney Company Broadway stage show The Lion King in the USA wins six Tony Awards: Best Scenic Design, Best Lighting Design, Best Costume Design, Best Choreography, Best Director of a Musical, and Best Musical. [6] June 8 * Actor Charlton Heston becomes president of the National Rifle Association. [19] * President Sani Abacha of Nigeria dies of apparent heart failure. [19] June 10 * Death of Hammond Innes, English author (born 1914). [19] June 11 * Death of Catherine Cookson, English author (born 1906). [19] June 12 * A jury in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, convicts 17-year-old Luke Woodham of killing two students and wounding 7 others at Pearl High School. [19] * Christina Marie Williams, 13, is kidnapped in Seaside, California while walking her dog. [19]

1380

* Buena Vista Pictures releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Six Days, Seven Nights to theaters in the USA. [6] June 19 * Disney releases the Walt Disney Pictures animated feature film Mulan to theaters in the USA. [6] June 20 * Death of Conrad Schumann, East German border guard (born 1942). [19] June 25 * The United States Supreme Court rules that the Line Item Veto Act of 1996 is unconstitutional. [19] * Microsoft releases the Windows 98 operting system. It features integrated Internet Explorer 4.0 Web browser, and Universal Serial Bus support. Code-name during development was Memphis. Total sales on the first day are 271,000 units. [4] June 27 * In Turkey, a magnitude 6.3 earthquake occurs. At least 145 people killed and more than 1,500 injured. At least six major buildings collapsed and about 17,000 houses destroyed. Felt in Cyprus, Israel and Syria. [53] * German author Sibylle Lewitscharoff receives the Ingeborg Bachmann Prize for literature. [37] June 30 * Take 2 Interactive releases the Grand Theft Auto video game for the PlayStation in the USA. [9] July 1 * The Disney Magic cruise ship, first of the Disney Cruise Line, departs from Venice, Italy. [69] * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Armageddon to theaters in the USA. [6] July 3 * Death of Danielle Bunten Berry, American software developer (born 1949). [19] July 5

1381

* Japan launches a probe to Mars, joining the United States and Russia as an outer space-exploring nation. [19] July 6 * The new Hong Kong International Airport at Chek Lap Kok opens. [19] * Death of Roy Rogers, American singer and actor (born 1911). [19] July 9 * In the Azores Islands, a magnitude 6.2 earthquake occurs. Ten people killed, about 100 injured and 1,000 left homeless. [53] July 10 * The DNA-identified remains of United States Air Force 1st Lieutenant Michael Joseph Blassie arrive home to his family in St. Louis, Missouri, after being in the Tomb of the Unknowns since 1984. [19] July 17 * At a conference in Rome, 120 countries vote to create a permanent International Criminal Court to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. [19] * In Saint Petersburg, Nicholas II of Russia and his family are buried in St. Catherine Chapel, 80 years after he and his family were killed by Bolsheviks. [19] * In Papua New Guinea, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurs, generating a tsunami up to 10 metres in height. At least 2,183 people killed, thousands injured, about 9,500 homeless. Several villages were completely destroyed and others extensively damaged. [19] [53] * Biologists report in the journal Science how they sequenced the genome of the bacterium that causes syphilis, Treponema pallidum. [19] July 22 * Death of Hermann Prey, German bass-baritone (born 1929). [19] July 24 * Russell Eugene Weston Jr. bursts into the United States Capitol and opens fire, killing two police officers. He is later ruled incompetent to stand trial. [19] July 25 * The United States Navy commissions the aircraft carrier USS Harry S. Truman and puts her into service. [19]

1382

* 63 are sickened and four killed by arsenic in a festival in the town in Wakayama Prefecture in Japan; Masumi Hayashi is arrested for murder. [19] July 29 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film The Parent Trap in theaters. This is a remake of the same title from 1961. [6] July 30 * The Disney Cruise Line launches its first cruise ship, the Disney Magic, from Port Canaveral, Florida. [60.407] [61.4] [62.393] [69] July 31 * The United Kingdom bans the importation of land mines. [19] * MCA/Universal Pictures releases the film BASEketball to theaters in the USA and Canada. [9] August 2 * Death of Shari Lewis, American ventriloquist (born 1933). [19] August 3 * Death of Alfred Schnittke, Russian-born composer (born 1934). [19] August 4 * Death of Yuri Artyukhin, cosmonaut (born 1930). [19] * Near the coast of Ecuador, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake occurs. Few deaths and injuries, but wide-spread damage. [53] August 5 * Iraq officially suspends all cooperation with UNSCOM teams. [19] August 6 * Death of André Weil, French mathematician (born 1906). [19] August 7 * In China the Yangtze River breaks through the main bank, following breaches of periphery levees in Jiayu County Baizhou Bay in recent days. The death toll exceeds 12,000, with many thousands more injured. [19]

1383

* The bombings of the United States embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Nairobi, Kenya kill 224 people and injure over 4,500; they are linked to terrorist Osama Bin Laden, an exile of Saudi Arabia. [19] August 8 * In Myanmar, a popular uprising against military rule is staged. [252.46] August 9 * Death of Frankie Ruiz, Puerto Rican singer (born 1958). [19] August 14 * Gary C. Evans, infamous in New York's Capital Region for killing five people, escapes police custody and kills himself by jumping off a bridge. [19] August 15 * The Real Irish Republican Army detonates a car bomb in Omagh, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland, killing 29 and injuring over 200. [19] [230.57] * Apple Computer begins shipping the iMac to retail outlets in the US. Price is US$1299. 278,000 units are shipped in the first six weeks. [4] August 16 * Silk-Miller police murders: Australian police officers are murdered in Moorabbin, Victoria. [19] August 19 * On the day of his 52nd birthday, U.S. President Bill Clinton admits in taped testimony that he had an "improper physical relationship" with White House intern Monica Lewinsky. He also admits before the nation that night in a nationally televised address that he "misled people" about his sexual affair with Lewinsky. [19] * Russia defaults on the state short-term bonds, and devalues the ruble. The ruble loses 70% of its value against U.S. dollar in the next six months. Several of the largest Russians banks collapse, and millions of people lose their savings. [19] August 20 * The Supreme Court of Canada states Quebec cannot legally secede from Canada without the federal government's approval. [19] * The United States military launches cruise missile attacks against alleged Al-Qaeda camps in Afghanistan and a suspected chemical plant in Sudan in retaliation for the

1384

August 7 bombings of American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania. The al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory in Khartoum is destroyed in the attack. [19] August 24 * E.G. Marshall; actor - "The Defenders", "Nixon", "Absolute Power", dies at age 88. [1] [5] [19] August 26 * Scott Ritter resigns from UNSCOM, sharply criticizing the Clinton administration and the U.N. Security Council for not being vigorous enough about insisting that Iraq's weapons of mass destruction be destroyed. Ritter tells reporters that "Iraq is not disarming," "Iraq retains the capability to launch a chemical strike." [19] * Death of Frederick Reines, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1918). [19] August 31 * North Korea reportedly launches Kwangmyongsong, its first satellite. Although North Korea reports that it reached stable orbit, NORAD is not able to confirm this assertion. [5] [19] September 1 * Nintendo releases the Pokémon Red version and Pokémon Blue version games for the Game Boy in the USA. [9] September 2 * In Canada, pilots for Air Canada launch the first strike in the company's history. [19] * A McDonnell Douglas MD-11 airliner carrying Swissair Flight 111 crashes near Peggys Cove, Nova Scotia, after taking off from New York City en-route to Geneva. All 229 people on board are killed. [19] * A United Nations court finds Jean-Paul Akayesu, the former mayor of a small town in Rwanda, guilty of nine counts of genocide, marking the first time that the 1948 law banning genocide is enforced. [19] September 3 * In Somalia, the southern port of Kismayo is declared the capital of independent Jubaland under Muhamed Said Hersi. [19] September 6

1385

* Death of Akira Kurosawa, Japanese screenwriter, producer, and director (born 1910). [19] September 7 * Google, Inc. is founded, in Menlo Park, California, by Stanford University Ph.D. candidates Larry Page and Sergey Brin. [5] [19] September 9 * The United Nations General Assembly elects Didier Opertiri of Uruguay as president for its 53rd session. [19] * Death of Lucio Battisti, Italian singer (born 1943). [19] September 10 * Death of Carl Forgione, British actor (born 1944). [19] September 13 * Death of George Wallace, American politician (born 1919). [19] September 14 * Death of Johnny Adams, American musician (born 1932). [19] * The GSPC is formed in Algeria, splitting off from the GIA over its policy of massacring civilians. [19] * At the end of the day's stock market trading Microsoft stands as America's most valuable company, at US$261.1 billion. Microsoft and General Electric were both valued at over US$300 billion in July, but Microsoft survived a stock market plunge better, putting it on top. [4] September 15 * Telecommunications companies MCI Communications and WorldCom complete their $37 billion merger to form MCI WorldCom. [19] (September 14 [5]) September 18 * ICANN is formed. [5] September 25 * (to September 28) Major creditors of Long-Term Capital Management, a Greenwich, Connecticut-based hedge fund, after days of tough bargaining and some informal mediation by Federal Reserve officials, agree on terms of a re-capitalization. [19]

1386

September 27 * Death of Narita Bryan, Japanese racehorse (born 1991). [19] * Germany holds parliamentary elections. A new coalition government is formed by the SPD (40.9 percent), and Buendnis 90/The Greens (6.7 percent) with leader Gerhard Schröder. [19] [37] September 29 * The U.S. Congress passes the "Iraq Liberation Act", which states that the United States wants to remove Saddam Hussein from power and replace the government with a democratic institution. [19] September 30 * Death of Bruno Munari, Italian-born industrial designer (born 1907). [19] * Death of Pavel ètepán, Czech pianist (born 1925). [19] October 1 * Sky Digital television service launches in the United Kingdom. [19] October 3 * Death of Roddy McDowall, British actor (born 1928). [19] * In Australia, John Howard's coalition government is re-elected for a second term. [19] October 4 * Leafie Mason is murdered in her Hughes Springs, Texas house by Angel Maturino Resendiz. She is his second victim in his second incident. [19] October 7 * Oslo's Fornebu Airport closes in Norway. [19] * The United States Congress passes the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act, which gives copyright holders 20 more years of copyright privilege on work they control. This effectively freezes the public domain to works created before 1923 in the United States. [19] * The Buzz Lightyear's Space Ranger Spin attraction opens in the Magic Kingdom Park at Walt Disney World in Florida. [6] October 8

1387

* Oslo Airport (Gardermoen) opens in Norway. [19] * Japan-Republic of Korea Joint Declaration A New Japan-Republic of Korea Partnership towards the Twenty-first Century. [19] * Death of Zhang Chongren, Chinese artist (born 1907). [19] October 9 * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Holy Man to theaters in the USA. [6] October 11 * In Frankfurt am Main, germany, writer Martin Walser receives the Peace Prize given by the German Bookdealers Association (Börsenverein des deutschen Buchhandels). [37] * Edith Stein is canonized a saint by Pope John-Paul II. [37] October 12 * The Congress of the United States passes the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. [19] October 14 * Death of Frankie Yankovic, American musician (born 1916). [19] October 15 * American Airlines becomes the first airline to offer electronic ticketing in all 44 countries it serves. [19] October 16 * British police place General Augusto Pinochet under house arrest during his medical treatment in the United Kingdom. [19] * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Beloved to theaters in the USA. [6] * Death of Jon Postel, American Internet pioneer (born 1943). [19] October 17 * Elfriede Jelinek, a feminist writer in Austria, is presented with the Büchner-Prize from the German Academy for Language and Literature (Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung). [37] * Death of Hakim Mohammed Said, Pakistani scholar and philanthropist (born 1920). [19] * (to October 18) Severe flooding takes place in south Central Texas. [19]

1388

October 19 * Travelers Group changes its company name to Citigroup Incorporated. [228] October 21 * Konami releases the Metal Gear Solid video game for the PlayStation in the USA. 350,000 copies are sold in the first three days. Total sales over its lifetime: six million copies. [9] * In Japan, Nintendo releases the Game Boy Color portable video game system. It features 2.1 MHz processor, and 32 kB RAM. It can display 56 colors simultaneously from a palette of 32,000. Size is 3 x 5.25 x 1 inches; weight is 6.7 ounces. [9] October 26 * Last day in office of Helmut Kohl as German Chancellor, ending his 16 years in office. [37] October 27 * New German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder and his liberal SPD-Green Coalition take office. [19] [37] October 28 * An Air China jetliner is hijacked by disgruntled pilot Yuan Bin and flown to Taiwan. After landing the plane safely, Yuan Bin is arrested. [19] October 29 * In South Africa, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission presents its report, which condemns both sides for committing atrocities. [19] * The NASA Space Shuttle Discovery blasts off with 77-year-old Senator John Glenn on board, making him the oldest person to go into space. [19] [129] * While en route from Adana to Ankara, a Turkish Airlines flight with a crew of 6 and 33 passengers is hijacked by a Kurdish militant, who orders the pilot to fly to Switzerland. The plane instead lands in Ankara after the pilot tricks the hijacker into thinking that he was landing in the Bulgarian capital of Sofia to refuel. [19] * Hurricane Mitch makes landfall in Central America, killing an estimated 18,000 people. [19] * Death of Ted Hughes, English poet (born 1930). [19] * In Gothenburg, Sweden, two arsonists burn down a local Macedonian Society disco, killing 63 and injuring 200, most of them children of refugees. [19] October 31

1389

* Iraq announces it will no longer cooperate with United Nations weapons inspectors. [19] November 1 * The European Court of Human Rights is instituted. [19] November 3 * Death of Bob Kane, American comic book creator (born 1915). [19] * Edmonton, Canada and Wonju, South Korea are declared sister cities. [19] November 5 * As part of the impeachment inquiry, House Judiciary Committee chairman Henry Hyde sends a list of 81 questions to U.S. President Bill Clinton. [19] * Myra Hindley loses her second appeal in 11 months against her whole life tariff. [19] November 6 * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film The Waterboy to theaters in the USA. [6] November 7 * John Glenn returns to Earth aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery. [19] November 9 * In the largest civil settlement in United States history, a federal judge approves a US$1.03 billion settlement requiring dozens of brokerage houses (including Merrill Lynch, Goldman Sachs, and Salomon Smith Barney) to pay investors who claim they were cheated in a wide-spread price-fixing scheme on the NASDAQ. [19] * United Kingdom formally abolishes the death penalty. [19] November 12 * Daimler-Benz completes a merger with Chrysler Corporation to form DaimlerChrysler. [19] November 13 * Death of Michel Trudeau, Canadian outdoorsman, son of Pierre Trudeau (born 1975). [19] * In Southern Iran, a magnitude 5.4 earthquake occurs. Five people killed, 105 injured and at least 850 houses damaged by the earthquake and landslides. [53]

1390

* (to November 14) U.S. President Bill Clinton orders airstrikes on Iraq, then calls them off at the last minute when Iraq promises once again to "unconditionally" cooperate with UNSCOM. [19] November 17 * Death of Kenneth Allen McDuff, Texas serial killer executed. [19] November 19 * The United State House of Representatives' Judiciary Committee begins impeachment hearings against U.S. President Bill Clinton. [19] November 20 * A court in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan declares accused terrorist Osama bin Laden "a man without a sin" in regard to the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania. [19] * Galina Starovoitova, Russian legislator and democracy advocate, is assassinated in St. Petersburg, Russia. [19] * The first module of the International Space Station, Zarya, is launched. [5] November 21 * In Hyvinkää, Finland, satanists Jarno Elg, Terhi Tervashonka and Mika Riska murder, cut up, and partly eat a 23-year-old man. [19] November 22 * Death of Stu Unger, professional poker player (born 1953). [19] November 23 * According to UNSCOM, Iraq once again ends cooperation with the United Nations inspectors, alternately intimidating and withholding information from them. [19] * Nintendo releases the Game Boy Color handheld video game system in the USA. Price is US$79.95. [9] November 24 * America Online announces an agreement to acquire Netscape Communications for US$4.2 billion in stock. [4] November 25 * Disney releases the film A Bug's Life to theaters in the USA. [6]

1391

* Nintendo releases The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time video game for the Nintendo 64 in the USA. [9] November 26 * Tony Blair becomes the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom to address the Dáil Éireann, the Republic of Ireland's parliament. [19] * Japan-China Joint Declaration On Building a Partnership of Friendship and Cooperation for Peace and Development. [19] November 27 * In Japan, Sega Enterprises releases the Dreamcast video game system. It features a 200 MHz 128-bit Hitachi SH-4 processor, special NEC graphics processing chip, built-in 56 kbps modem, Web browser, one controller, and CD-ROM drive for 1 GB capacity disks. Price is 29,800 Yen, about US$220. 101,490 units sell in the first week. About 10 million systems and 400 different games are shipped in the product's lifetime. [9] November 28 * Death of Kerry Thornley, American counterculture figure and writer (born 1938). [19] November 29 * In the Ceram Sea, a magnitude 7.7 earthquake occurs. [53] November 30 * Deutsche Bank announces a US$10 billion deal to buy Bankers Trust, thus creating the largest financial institution in the world. [19] December 1 * Exxon announces a US$73.7 billion deal to buy Mobil, thus creating Exxon-Mobil, the second-largest company on the planet by revenue. [19] December 4 * The second (Unity) module of the International Space Station is launched. [5] December 6 * Hugo Chávez Frías, former member of the Venezuelan military and politician, is elected President of Venezuela. [19]

1392

December 7 * Death of Michael Craze, British actor (born 1942). [19] * Death of Martin Rodbell, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1925). [19] December 8 * Tadjena massacre in Algeria: 81 villagers are killed. [19] December 11 * Iraq announces that United Nations weapons inspections will no longer take place on Friday, the Muslim day of rest. Iraq also refuses to provide test data from the production of missiles and engines. [19] * In Hindu Kush region, Afghanistan, a magnitude 5.7 earthquake occurs. [53] * Warner Bros. Pictures releases the Jack Frost film to theaters in the USA. [9] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Rushmore to theaters in the USA. [6] December 12 * Death of Lawton Chiles, U.S. Senator from Florida and Governor of Florida (born 1930). [19] December 14 * Norman Fell, actor (Mr. Roper - Three's Company) dies. [5] * Death of Annette Strauss, American philanthropist and mayor of Dallas, Texas (born 1924). [19] December 16 * Death of William Gaddis, American writer (born 1922). [19] * U.S. President Bill Clinton orders American and British airstrikes on Iraq. UNSCOM withdraws all weapons inspectors from Iraq. [19] December 17 * Claudia Benton, of West University Place, Texas, is murdered in her house by Angel Maturino Resendiz (his third victim in his third incident). [19] December 18 * Death of Lev Demin, cosmonaut (born 1926). [19]

1393

December 19 * Iraqi Vice-President Taha Yassin Ramadan announces that Iraq will no longer cooperate and declares that UNSCOM's "mission is over." [19] * President Bill Clinton is impeached by the United States House of Representatives. [19] * Mel Fisher, underwater film maker, dies from bladder cancer at age 76. [1] December 20 * Death of Irene Hervey, American actress (born 1910). [19] * Death of Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, British scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1914). [19] December 21 * Death of Roger Avon, Durham actor (born 1914). [19] * United Nations Security Council members France, Germany and Russia call for sanctions to end against Iraq. The three Security Council members also call for UNSCOM to either be disbanded or for its role to be recast. The U.S. says it will veto any such proposal. [19] December 22 * Death of Michelle Thomas, American actress (born 1969). [19] December 25 * Death of John Pulman, English snooker player (born 1923). [19] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film Mighty Joe Young to theaters in the USA. [6] * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures / Paramount Pictures live-action feature film A Civil Action to theaters in the USA. [6] December 26 * Iraq announces its intention to fire upon U.S. and British warplanes that patrol the northern and southern "no-fly zones". [19] December 29 * Khmer Rouge leaders apologize for the genocide in Cambodia that claimed over one million in the 1970s. [19] December 31

1394

* The first leap second since June 30, 1997 occurs. [19] * In the eurozone, the currency rates of this day are fixed permanently. [19] Year * US movie box office hits record $6.24 billion for the year. [1] * Global mean surface temperature at highest point since accurate measurements in 1880. [58]

1395

1999 January 1 * The Euro begins to be introduced as the common currency of Belgium, Germany, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxemburg, Holland, Austria, Portugal, Spain and Finland. [20] [37] January 2 * A brutal snowstorm smashes into the Midwestern United States, causing 14 inches (359 mm) of snow at Milwaukee, Wisconsin and 19 inches (487 mm) at Chicago, Illinois. In Chicago, temperatures plunge to -13 degrees F (-25 degrees C), and 68 deaths are reported. [20] * In Sichuan, China, a magnitude 4.5 earthquake occurs. [53] January 4 * Aluminum Company of America changes its company name to Alcoa Incorporated. [228] * Gunmen open fire on Shiite Muslims worshipping in a mosque in Islamabad, Pakistan, killing 16 people and injuring 25. [20] January 5 * Apple Computer releases the Power Macintosh G3 (Blue & White). [20] January 10 * A large piece of the chalk cliff at Beachy Head collapses into the sea. [20] January 11 * Death of Brian Moore, Irish-born writer (born 1921). [20] * Death of Fabrizio de André, Italian singer and songwriter (born 1940). [20] * Disney and Infoseek formally launch the Go Network (go.com) Internet Web portal. The portal combines content from Disney-owned Web sites, including ABC News, ESPN, Family.com, and Mr. Showbiz. [6] January 12 * Setting an all-time record, Mark McGwire's 70th home run ball in one season is purchased at an auction by an anonymous buyer for $3 million. [56] January 14

1396

* Death of Jerzy Grotowski, Polish theatre director (born 1933). [20] January 20 * The China News Service announces new government restrictions on Internet use aimed especially at Internet cafes. [20] January 21 * In one of the largest drug busts in American history, the United States Coast Guard intercepts a ship with over 9,500 pounds (4.3 t) of cocaine aboard, headed for Houston, Texas. [20] January 22 * Death of Graham Staines, Australian missionary burnt alive in India (age 58). [20] January 23 * Sony Computer Entertainment introduces the PocketStation handheld video game system in Japan. [9] January 25 * In Colombia, a magnitude 6.1 earthquake occurs. At least 1,185 people killed, over 4,750 injured and about 250,000 homeless. 50-60 percent of buildings destroyed in Armenia, Calarca, and Pereira. [20] [53] * Death of Ted Mallie, American radio and television announcer (born 1924). [20] * Death of Robert Shaw, American conductor (born 1916). [20] January 28 * Death of Markey Robinson, Irish painter (born 1918). [20] February 1 * Death of Paul Mellon, American philanthropist (born 1907). [20] * Death of Baris Manço, Turkish singer and television personality (born 1943). [20] February 4 * Unarmed West African immigrant Amadou Diallo is shot dead by New York City police officers on an unrelated stake-out, inflaming race relations in the city. [20] February 5

1397

* Mike Tyson is sentenced to a year's imprisonment, fined $5,000, and ordered to serve two years probation and perform 200 hours of community service for the August 31, 1998 assault on two people after a car accident. [20] * Death of Wassily Leontief, Russian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1906). [20] February 6 * Death of Jimmy Roberts, American singer, The Lawrence Welk Show (born 1924). [20] February 7 * King Hussein of Jordan dies from cancer (born 1935), and his son Abdullah II inherits the throne. [20] February 8 * Death of Iris Murdoch, Irish author (born 1919). [20] * Nintendo releases the Mario Party video game for the Nintendo 64 in the USA. [9] February 10 * Avalanches in the French Alps near Geneva kill at least 10. [20] February 11 * Pluto moves along its eccentric orbit further from the Sun than Neptune. It had been nearer than Neptune since 1979. [1] [20] * Square releases the Final Fantasy VIII video game for the PlayStation in Japan. Opening day sales: 2.21 million copies for 17.2 billion yen (about US$145 million). Total worldwide sales over its lifetime: 7.4 million. [9] * In Afghanistan, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake occurs. Seventy people killed, 500 injured, at least 14,000 homeless and 7,000 houses destroyed. [53] February 12 * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film My Favorite Martian to theaters in the USA. [6] February 15 * Death of Henry Way Kendall, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1926). [20] * Death of Big L, American rapper (born 1974). [20]

1398

February 16 * In Uzbekistan, an apparent assassination attempt against President Islom Karimov takes place at government headquarters. [20] * Across Europe, Kurdish rebels take over embassies and hold hostages after Turkey arrests one of their rebel leaders. [20] February 17 * Death of Sunshine Parker, American actor (born 1927). [20] February 18 * Death of Noam Pitlik, American actor and director (born 1932). [20] February 19 * TriStar Pictures releases the film Jawbreaker to theaters in the USA. [8] February 20 * Death of Sarah Kane, English playwright (born 1971). [20] * Death of Gene Siskel, American film critic (born 1946). [20] February 21 * Death of Gertrude B. Elion, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1918). [20] * The Albertinkatu shootings in Helsinki, Finland: Three men are killed and one wounded at a shooting range. [20] February 22 * Moderate Iraqi Shiite cleric Mohammad Mohammad Sadeq al-Sadr is assassinated. [20] * Death of William Bronk, American poet (born 1918). [20] February 23 * Kurdish rebel leader Abdullah Öcalan is charged with treason in Ankara, Turkey. [20] * White supremacist John William King is found guilty of kidnapping and killing African American James Byrd Jr. by dragging him behind a truck for two miles (3 km). [20] * An avalanche destroys the village of Galtür, Austria, killing 31. [20] February 24

1399

* The State of Arizona executes Karl LaGrand, a German national involved in an armed robbery that led to a death. Karl's brother Walter is executed a week later, in spite of Germany's legal action in the International Court of Justice to attempt to save him. [20] * Death of Andre Dubus, American short-story writer (born 1936). [20] * Death of Virginia Foster Durr, American civil rights activist (born 1903). [20] February 25 * Death of Glenn Seaborg, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1912). [20] February 26 * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film The Other Sister to theaters in the USA. [6] * Intel announces the 500 MHz Pentium III processor. The processor introduces 70 new Streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE). [4] February 27 * While trying to circumnavigate the world in a hot air balloon, Colin Prescot and Andy Elson set a new endurance record after being in a hot air balloon for 233 hours and 55 minutes. [20] March 1 * One of four bombs detonated in Lusaka, Zambia, destroys the Angolan Embassy. [20] * Rwandan Hutu rebels kill and hack to pieces eight foreign tourists at the Buhoma homestead, Uganda. [20] * The Convention on the Prohibition of Anti-Personnel Mines comes into force. [20] * Death of Ann Corio, American dancer and actress (born 1914). [20] March 2 * Death of Dusty Springfield, English singer (born 1939). [20] March 3 * Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones begin their attempt to circumnavigate the world in a hot air balloon without stopping. [20] * Death of Gerhard Herzberg, German-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1904). [20] March 4

1400

* Death of Ingrid Washinawatok, Native American activist (born 1957). [20] * Death of Harry Blackmun, American judge (born 1908). [20] * Death of Del Close, American actor, writer, and teacher (born 1934). [20] * In a military court, United States Marine Corps Captain Richard Ashby is acquitted of the charge of reckless flying which resulted in the deaths of 20 skiers in the Italian Alps, when his low-flying jet hit a gondola cable. [20] March 5 * Death of Richard Kiley, American actor (born 1922). [20] March 7 * Death of Sidney Gottlieb, American Central Intelligence Agency official (born 1918). [20] * Death of Stanley Kubrick, American film director and producer (born 1928). [5] [20] March 11 * Infosys becomes the first Indian company listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange. [5] March 12 * Death of Yehudi Menuhin, American-born violinist (born 1916). [20] * Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic join NATO. [20] * 20th Century Fox releases the film Wing Commander to theaters in the USA. [9] March 15 * In Brussels, Belgium, the Santer Commission resigns over allegations of corruption. [20] March 16 * Sony Online Entertainment releases the EverQuest game for personal computers in the USA. [4] March 17 * In Germany, the Krupp and Thyssen Companies (steel) complete their merger. [37] March 18 * Death of Adolfo Bioy Casares, Argentine writer (born 1914). [20]

1401

* Death of Rod Hull, British entertainer (born 1935). [20] March 20 * Serbs launch an offensive in Kosovo. [20] March 21 * Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones become the first to circumnavigate the Earth in a hot air balloon. [5] [20] * Death of Ernie Wise, British comedian (born 1925). [20] March 22 * Death of David Strickland, American actor (suicide) (born 1969). [20] * U.S. pro-euthanasia doctor Jack Kevorkian goes on trial for murder in Pontiac, Michigan. [20] March 23 * Gunmen assassinate Paraguay's Vice President Luis María Argaña. [20] March 24 * NATO launches air strikes against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which refused to sign a peace treaty. This marks the first time NATO attacked a sovereign country. [20] * Fire in the Mont Blanc Tunnel kills 39 people, closing the tunnel for nearly three years. [20] March 26 * A Michigan jury finds Dr. Jack Kevorkian guilty of second-degree murder for administering a lethal injection to a terminally ill man (an incident videotaped and aired on the September 17, 1998 edition of 60 Minutes). [20] * The computer virus "Melissa" attacks about 250,000 PCs worldwide in about three days, using Microsoft Outlook to mail itself to email addresses in the address book. This is the first virus capable of jumping from computer to computer on its own. [4] * Disney releases the Walt Disney Pictures animated feature film Doug's 1st Movie to theaters in the USA. [6] March 27 * Kosovo War: A U.S. F-117 Nighthawk is shot down by Serbian forces. [20] March 29

1402

* The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above 10,000 (10,006.78) for the first time. [20] [227] * In the Xizang-India border region, a magnitude 6.6 earthquake occurs. At least 100 people killed and 394 injured, over 21,100 houses destroyed. [53] * Death of Joe Williams, American singer (born 1918). [20] March 31 * Death of Yuri Knorosov, Russian linguist and epigrapher (born 1922). [20] * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film 10 Things I Hate About You to theaters in the USA. [6] April 1 * Nunavut, an Inuit homeland, is created from the eastern portion of the Northwest Territories to become Canada's third territory. [20] April 5 * Two Libyans suspected of bringing down Pan Am flight 103 in 1988 are handed over to Scottish authorities for eventual trial in the Netherlands. The United Nations suspends sanctions against Libya. [20] * In Laramie, Wyoming, Russell Henderson pleads guilty to kidnapping and felony murder, in order to avoid a possible death penalty conviction for the apparent hate crime killing of Matthew Shepard. [20] April 7 * Kosovo's main border crossings are closed by Serbian forces to prevent ethnic Albanians from leaving. [20] * A bomb explodes at the Valley of the Fallen Church in Spain; GRAPO claims responsibility. [20] April 8 * In China, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake occurs. Also felt in southern Hokkaido, northern Honshu and at Tokyo, Japan. [53] April 9 * Ibrahim Baré Maînassara, president of Niger, is assassinated. [20] April 13 * Tercentenary celebrations of the creation of the Sikh, Khalsa. [20]

1403

April 14 * Death of Anthony Newley, English actor, singer and songwriter (born 1931). [20] * The official move of the German federal government begins as the first trucks with documents from the ministries of the interior and economics leave Bonn on the way to the new seat of government in Berlin. [37] April 17 * A nail bomb explodes in the middle of a busy market in Brixton, South London. [20] April 19 * The US Navy kills a civilian guard in the Naval Base at Vieques, an island east of Puerto Rico which the Navy has used since 1943. The death of the civilian officer sparks off a civil disobedience campaign throughout the island of Puerto Rico to protest the presence of the Navy on the island. [20] April 20 * Two Littleton, Colorado teenagers, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, open fire on their Columbine High School teachers and classmates, killing 12 students and one teacher, and then themselves. [1] [20] April 25 * The term of Tuanku Jaafar ibni Almarhum Tuanku Abdul Rahman as the 10th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia ends. [20] * Death of Herman Miller, American screenwriter and producer (born 1919). [20] April 26 * Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah Al-Haj, Sultan of Selangor, becomes the 11th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia. [20] * British TV presenter Jill Dando, age 37, is shot dead on the doorstep of her home in Fulham, London. [20] * Nintendo releases the Super Smash Bros. game for the Nintendo 64 video game system in the USA. [9] April 28 * Death of Arthur Leonard Schawlow, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1921). [20] April 30

1404

* Cambodia joins the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), bringing the total members to 10. [20] * A third nail bomb explodes in the Admiral Duncan pub in Old Compton Street, Soho, London, killing a pregnant woman and two friends and injuring 70 others, including her husband. This is part of a hate campaign against ethnic minorities and gay people by David Copeland. [20] May 2 * Norman J. Sirnic and Karen Sirnic are murdered by the serial killer Angel Maturino Resendiz in a parsonage in Weimar, Texas (his fourth and fifth victims in his fourth slaying incident). [20] * Death of Oliver Reed, English actor (born 1938). [20] May 3 * A Force 5 tornado slams into Moore, Oklahoma, killing 38 people - the second strongest tornado ever recorded in United States history. [20] * The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above 11,000 (11,014.70) for the first time. [20] [227] May 6 * Elections are held in Scotland and Wales for the new Scottish Parliament and National Assembly for Wales. [20] * In Southern Iran, a magnitude 6.2 earthquake occurs. At least 26 people killed, 100 injured and 800 houses destroyed. [53] May 7 * A jury finds The Jenny Jones Show and Warner Bros. liable in the shooting death of Scott Amedure, after the show purposely deceived Jonathan Schmitz to appear on a secret same-sex crush episode. [20] * In the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, three Chinese embassy workers are killed and 20 wounded, when a NATO aircraft mistakenly bombs the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade. [20] * In Guinea-Bissau, President João Bernardo Vieira is ousted in a military coup. [20] May 8 * Nancy Mace becomes the first female cadet to graduate from The Military College of South Carolina. [20] * Death of Sir Dirk Bogarde, English actor (born 1921). [20] * Death of Dana Plato, American actress (born 1963). [20]

1405

May 10 * Death of Shel Silverstein, American author and poet (born 1930). [20] May 12 * Death of Saul Steinberg, Romanian-born cartoonist (born 1914). [20] * David Steel becomes the first Presiding Officer (Speaker) of the modern Scottish Parliament. [20] May 13 * Carlo Azeglio Ciampi is elected President of Italy. [20] May 14 * Disney releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film Endurance to theaters in the USA. [6] May 17 * Ehud Barak is elected prime minister of Israel. [20] May 21 * Death of Karnail Pitts, American rapper (murdered) (born 1978). [20] May 23 * In Germany, Johannes Rau elected Bundespräsident. [37] May 26 * Death of Paul Sacher, Swiss conductor (born 1906). [20] * The Indian Air Force launches an attack on intruding Pakistan Army troops and mujahadeen militants in Kashmir. [20] * The first Welsh Assembly in over 600 years opens in Cardiff. [20] May 27 * The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in The Hague, Netherlands indicts Slobodan MiloÜevic and four others for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in Kosovo. [20] May 28

1406

* Swedish police officers Robert Karlström and Olov Borén are wounded by three bank robbers armed with automatic weapons and later executed with their own service pistols by shots in the head from close distance on the scene in Malexander. [20] * After 22 years of restoration work, Leonardo de Vinci's "The Last Supper" is placed back on display in Milan, Italy. [20] May 29 * Cathy O'Dowd, a South African mountaineer, becomes the first woman to summit Mount Everest from both the north and south sides. [20] * Nigeria terminates military rule, and the Nigerian Fourth Republic is established with Olusegun Obasanjo as president. [20] June 2 * After decades of fighting off outside technological influences like television, the King of Bhutan allows television transmissions to commence in the Kingdom for the first time, coinciding with the King's Silver Jubilee. [20] June 4 * Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Instinct to theaters in the USA. [6] June 5 * The Islamic Salvation Army, the armed wing of the Islamic Salvation Front, agrees in principle to disband in Algeria. [20] June 6 * In Brazil, 345 prisoners escape from Putim prison through the front gate. [20] * Death of Anne Haddy, Australian actress (Helen Daniels in Neighbours) (born 1930). [20] June 7 * Death of Francisco Stanley, Mexican TV anchor (born 1942). [20] June 8 * The government of Colombia announces it will include the estimated value of the country's illegal drug crops, exceeding half a billion US dollars, in its gross national product. [20] * Death of Christina Foyle, British bookshop owner (born 1911). [20]

1407

June 9 * Death of Maurice Journeau, French composer (born 1898). [20] * The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and NATO sign a peace treaty. [20] June 10 * NATO suspends its air strikes after Slobodan MiloÜevic agrees to withdraw Serbian forces from Kosovo. [20] June 11 * Death of DeForest Kelley, American actor (born 1920). [20] * The film Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me is released to theaters in the USA and Canada. [8] June 12 * Operation Joint Guardian begins - NATO-led United Nations peacekeeping forces KFOR enter the province of Kosovo in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. [20] * Texas Governor George W. Bush announces he will seek the Republican Party nomination for President of the United States. [20] June 15 * George Morber Senior and Carolyn Frederick are murdered by Angel Maturino Resendiz in Gorham, Illinois (his 8th and 9th victims, in his 7th and final incident). [20] * IBM releases the 37.5 GB Deskstar 37GP hard drive, the world's largest personal computer hard drive. It features 5400-rpm motor, five platters, 2 MB cache buffer, ATA-4 interface. Price is US$350. [4] * In Central Mexico, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurs. 20 people killed, about 275 injured and considerable damage to thousands of buildings and several bridges. [53] June 16 * Death of Screaming Lord Sutch, English political personality (suicide) (born 1940). [20] * Buena Vista Pictures releases the Walt Disney Pictures animated feature film Tarzan to theaters in the USA. [6] June 18 * The J18 international anti-globalization protests are organized in dozens of cities around the world, some of which lead to riots. [20] June 19

1408

* Stephen King is hit in a car accident on Route 5 in North Lovell, Maine by Bryan Smith. [20] June 21 * Death of Kami, Japanese drummer (Malice Mizer) (born 1973). [20] June 27 * Death of Jorgos Papadopoulos, military ruler of Greece (born 1919). [20]

July 1 •

Johannes Rau succeeds Roman Herzog as Germany's President (Bundespräsident). [37]

July 2 • • •

Benjamin Nathaniel Smith begins a three-day killing spree targeting racial and ethnic minorities in Illinois and Indiana, USA. [20] Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Summer of Sam to theaters in the USA. [6] Death of Mario Puzo, American author (born 1920). [20]

July 3 • •

Death of Mark Sandman, American musician and artist (heart attack) (born 1952). [20] In Weirs Beach, New Hampshire, USA, over six hours Billy Mitchell plays a "perfect" game of the arcade game Pac-Man, achieving the highest score that the game allows: 3,333,360. This can only be accomplished by guiding Pac-Man to eat every dot, fruit, and ghost in all 256 levels without dying. [9]

July 5 •

U.S. Army Pfc. Barry Winchell is bludgeoned in his sleep at Fort Campbell, Kentucky by fellow soldiers; he dies the next day from his injuries. [20]

July 6 • •

Death of Carl Gunter Jr, American politician (born 1938). [20] Death of Joaquin Rodrigo, Spanish composer (born 1901). [20]

1409

July 8 •

Death of Charles Conrad, astronaut (motorcycle crash) (born 1930). [20]

July 11 • • •

India recaptures Kargil, forcing the Pakistan Army to retreat. India announces victory ending the two-month conflict. [20] Death of Helen Forrest, American jazz singer (born 1917). [20] In Honduras, a magnitude 6.7 earthquake occurs. Few injuries, damage to houses, bridges, and highways. Felt throughout most of Honduras and in eastern Guatemala. Felt in Belize, El Salvador and at Villahermosa, Mexico. [53]

July 12 •

Death of Bill Owen, English actor (born 1914). [20]

July 14 •

The Disney Wonder cruise ship, second of the Disney Cruise line, departs from Venice, Italy. [69]

July 16 •

Off the coast of Martha's Vineyard, a plane piloted by John F. Kennedy Jr. crashes, killing him and his wife Carolyn Bessette Kennedy and her sister Lauren Bessette. [20]

July 20 • •

•

Liberty Bell 7, part of the US Mercury program, is raised from the Atlantic Ocean. [20] Apple Computer introduces the iBook portable computer. It features 12.1-inch TFT display, 300 MHz G3 processor, 4 MB ATI Rage Mobility graphics chip, CD-ROM drive, 32 MB RAM, modem, USB and 10/100Base-T Ethernet ports, 3 GB hard drive, keyboard, Mac OS 8.6, V.90 modem, AppleWorks software, Microsoft Internet Explorer, Netscape Communicator, and comes in a translucent cover in tangerine or blueberry colors. Battery power lasts about six hours. Price is US$1599; weight is 6.6 pounds; size is 2 x 13.5 x 11.6 inches. [4] Death of Sandra Gould, American actress (born 1916). [20]

July 22 • •

Persecution of Falun Gong begins. Falun Gong was banned in the People's Republic of China under Jiang Zemin. [20] The first version of MSN Messenger is released by Microsoft. [20] 1410

July 23 • • • •

ANA Flight 61 is hijacked in Tokyo, Japan. [20] Mohammed VI of Morocco becomes king upon the death of his father Hassan II. [20] The Woodstock 99 festival is held in New York. [20] Buena Vista Pictures generally releases the film Inspector Gadget to theaters in the USA. [6]

July 26 • •

The last Checker taxi cab is retired in New York City and auctioned off for approximately US$135,000. [20] Death of Trygve Haavelmo, Norwegian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1911). [20] July 27

•

Twenty-one people die in a canyoning disaster near Interlaken, Switzerland. [20]

July 29 • • •

The Rock 'N' Roller Coaster attraction opens in the Disney-MGM Studios Theme Park at Walt Disney World in Florida. [6] Death of Anita Carter, American singer (born 1933). [20] Death of Rajendra Kumar, Indian film actor, producer and director (born 1929). [20]

July 30 •

Disney releases the Paramount Pictures / Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Runaway Bride to theaters in the USA. [6]

July 31 • •

Mark O. Barton kills nine in Atlanta, Georgia. [20] NASA intentionally crashes the Lunar Prospector spacecraft into the Moon, thus ending its mission to detect frozen water on the lunar surface. [5] [20]

August 1 •

Death of Nirad C. Chaudhuri, Bengali writer (born 1897). [20]

August 3 •

Death of Leroy Vinnegar, American musician (born 1928). [20] 1411

August 6 • •

United International Pictures releases the film Mystery Men to theaters in the USA. [8] Disney releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film The Sixth Sense to theaters in the USA. North American theater receipts: US$293.5 million. [6]

August 7 •

Hundreds of Chechen guerrillas invade the Russian republic of Dagestan, triggering a short war. [20]

August 8 •

The first Callatis Festival, the largest music and culture festival in Romania, is held. [20]

August 9 •

Russian President Boris Yeltsin fires his Prime Minister, Sergei Stepashin, and for the fourth time fires his entire cabinet. [20]

August 10 • •

Buford O. Furrow, Jr. wounds five and kills one in the Los Angeles, California, Jewish Community Center. [20] An intruding Pakistan Navy plane is shot down in India. The incident sparks tensions between the two nations, coming just a month after the end of the Kargil War. [20]

August 11 • •

A total solar eclipse is seen in Europe and Asia. [20] An F-2 tornado rips through downtown Salt Lake City, Utah, killing one person and injuring over 100. [20]

August 13 •

Death of Jaime Garzón, Colombian journalist and comedian (murdered) (born 1960). [20]

August 14 •

Death of Lane Kirkland, American union leader (born 1922). [20]

August 15 1412

•

The maiden voyage of the Disney Wonder cruise ship takes place. [69]

August 17 •

A 7.4-magnitude earthquake strikes Izmit and levels much of northwestern Turkey, killing more than 17,000 and injuring 44,000. [20] [53]

August 19 •

In Belgrade, tens of thousands of Serbians rally to demand the resignation of Yugoslav President Slobodan MiloÜevic. [20]

August 22 •

Mandarin Airlines Flight 642 crashes in Hong Kong. [20]

August 23 •

Death of James White, Irish writer (born 1928). [20]

August 27 •

Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film The 13th Warrior to theaters in the USA. [6]

August 31 •

Apple Computer releases the Power Macintosh G4 computer. [20]

September 2 •

The National Corvette Museum in Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA, celebrates its fifth birthday. 6,000 Corvettes and 60,000 enthusiasts attend the five-day event. Chevrolet officially introduces the 2000 model Corvette. [8]

September 6 •

Death of Allen Funt, American television personality (born 1914). [20]

September 7 •

In Greece, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake occurs. 143 people killed, 1,600 injured, 50,000 homeless and at least 53,000 buildings damaged or destroyed in the Athens area. [20] [53]

September 8 1413

• •

The first of a series of Russian apartment bombings occurs. Subsequent bombings occur on September 13 and 16, while a bombing on September 22 fails. [20] Square EA releases the Final Fantasy VIII video game for the PlayStation in the USA. [9]

September 9 •

Sega releases the Dreamcast video game system in the USA. Price is US$199. In the first 24 hours, Sega sells US$97 million worth of hardware and software, setting an entertainment industry record for highest-grossing day. [9]

September 10 •

Death of Alfredo Kraus, Spanish tenor (born 1927). [20]

September 14 •

Kiribati, Nauru and Tonga join the United Nations. [20]

September 15 •

For the first time in its 28-year history, most of Walt Disney World in Florida is closed for the day, due to the threat of Hurricane Floyd. Disney's Animal Kingdom re-opens at 12:00 PM for resort guests. [6]

September •

The American government administration severs all military ties with the Indonesian military. [240.48]

September 17 •

Disney releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Breakfast of Champions to theaters in the USA. [6]

September 20 •

Death of Raisa Gorbachev, Soviet first lady (born 1932). [20]

September 21 •

A large earthquake registering 7.6 on the Richter scale shakes Taiwan. About 2,400 people killed, 8,700 injured, 600,000 people left homeless and about 82,000 housing units damaged. Damage estimated at US$14 billion, leading to a twoweek halt to manufacturing of many components of personal computers. [4] [20] (September 20 [53]) 1414

September 22 •

Death of George C. Scott, American actor (born 1927). [20]

September 23 •

Death of Ivan Goff, Australian screenwriter (born 1910). [20]

September 24 •

Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Mumford to theaters in the USA. [6]

September 30 •

In Oaxaca, Mexico, a magnitude 7.5 earthquake occurs. At least 35 people killed, 215 injured, thousands of buildings damaged or destroyed, utilities disrupted and roads blocked by landslides. [53]

October 1 • •

Disney releases the Hollywood Pictures live-action feature film Mystery, Alaska to theaters in the USA. [6] Pudong International Airport opens in Shanghai, China, taking over all international flights to Hongqiao. [20]

October 2 •

Death of Aracelli de Leon, Latin American voice actress (born 1951). [20]

October 5 •

Thirty-one people die in the Ladbroke Grove rail crash, west of London, England. [20]

October 8 •

Disney releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film The Hand Behind the Mouse to theaters in the USA. [6]

October 9 •

Death of Akhtar Hameed Khan, Pakistani pioneer in microcredit and microfinance (born 1914). [20]

October 10 1415

•

Elections are held in Portugal. [20]

October 12 •

Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif attempts to dismiss Army Chief General Pervez Musharraf and install ISI director Khwaja Ziauddin in his place. Senior Army generals refuse to accept the dismissal. Musharraf, who was out of the country, attempts to return in a commercial airliner. Sharif orders the Karachi airport to not allow the plane to land. The generals lead a coup d'état, ousting Sharif's administration and taking over the airport. The plane lands with only a few minutes of fuel to spare, and Musharraf takes control of the government. [20]

October 13 •

The United States Senate rejects ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). [20]

October 14 •

Death of Julius Nyerere, President of Tanzania (born 1922). [20]

October 15 • • •

Death of Lena Zavaroni, Scottish entertainer (born 1963). [20] A National Geographic Society press conference reveals the fossil of Archaeoraptor (which is later found to be a forgery). [20] Disney releases the Walt Disney Pictures live-action feature film The Straight Story to theaters in the USA. [6]

October 16 •

In Southern California, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake occurs. Few injuries, light damage. [53]

October 17 •

In Frankfurt am Main, Germany, historian Fritz Stern is given the Peace Prize of the German Book Association. [37]

October 18 •

Death of Paddi Edwards, American actress (born 1931). [20]

October 19 •

Death of Harry Bannink, Dutch composer and musician (born 1929). [20] 1416

•

Death of James C. Murray, American politician (born 1917). [20]

October 20 •

Death of Jack Lynch, Prime Minister of Ireland (born 1917). [20]

October 22 •

Disney releases the Paramount Pictures / Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Bringing out the Dead to theaters in the USA. [6]

October 23 • •

Apple Computer releases the Mac OS 9 operating system for Macintosh computers. [4] In Germany, Arnold Stadler is presented with the Georg Büchner Prize for Literature. [37]

October 24 •

Death of John Chafee, American politician (born 1922). [20]

October 26 •

Death of Rex Gildo, German singer (suicide) (born 1939). [20]

October 27 • •

Death of Robert Mills, American physicist (born 1927). [20] Gunmen open fire in the Armenian Parliament, killing Prime Minister Vazgen Sarkisian, Parliament Chairman Karen Demirchian, and six other members. [20]

October 31 • •

EgyptAir Flight 990 traveling from New York City to Cairo crashes off the coast of Nantucket, Massachusetts, killing all 217 on-board. [20] Roman Catholic Church and Lutheran Church leaders sign the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification, ending a centuries-old doctrinal dispute over the nature of faith and salvation. [20]

November 1 •

The Dow Jones Industrial Average removes Chevron Corporation, Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Union Carbide Corporation, and Sears Roebuck from its index, replacing them with Microsoft Corporation, Intel Corporation, SBC Communications, and Home Depot Incorporated. [228] 1417

November 2 •

Hong Kong International Theme Parks announces an agreement has been reached with the Walt Disney Company on building a Disneyland park in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Disneyland will be 126 hectares (299 acres) in size, built on Lantau Island. The park is scheduled to open in 2005. [6] November 5

•

•

US District Judge Thomas Jackson issues his 207-page Findings of Fact, ruling that Microsoft has monopoly power over personal computer operating systems, and uses that power to harm American consumers. [4] [20] Buena Vista Pictures releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film The Insider to theaters in the USA. [6]

November 6 •

Australians vote to keep the monarch as their head of state. [20]

November 8 •

The German Gerichtshof (supreme court) sentences Egon Krenz, former East German political leader, to prison for his role in the killing of East Germans seeking to flee the country. [37]

November 9 •

TAESA Flight 725 crashes a few minutes after leaving the Uruapan airport enroute to Mexico City; 18 people are killed in the accident. [20]

November 10 •

Warner Bros. releases the film Pokémon: The First Movie to theaters in the USA. [9]

November 11 • •

A six-story apartment building collapses in Italian city of Foggia killing more than 60 residents. [20] Death of Mary Kay Bergman, American actress (born 1961). [20]

November 12 •

In northwest Turkey, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake occurs. At least 894 people killed and 4,948 injured. [20] [53]

1418

November 15 •

Death of Gene Levitt, American television writer, producer, and director (born 1920). [20]

November 16 •

Death of Daniel Nathans, American microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (born 1928). [20]

November 18 • • •

Death of Paul Bowles, American novelist (born 1910). [20] Death of Doug Sahm, American musician (born 1941). [20] In College Station, Texas, 12 are killed and 28 injured at Texas A&M University when the annual Aggie Bonfire collapses while under construction. [20]

November 19 •

•

•

John Carpenter becomes the first top prize winner of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire and breaks the record of the largest single win on a United States game show. [20] In Istanbul, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) ends a two-day summit by calling for a political settlement in Chechnya and adopting a Charter for European Security. [20] Disney releases the Walt Disney Pictures animated feature film Toy Story 2 to theaters in the USA. North American theater gross receipts: US$245.9 million. [6]

November 20 •

The People's Republic of China launches the first Shenzhou spacecraft. [20]

November 21 • •

Maiden voyage of Royal Caribbean International's Voyager of the Seas cruise ship (142,000 gross tons, maximum 3838 passengers). [79] Death of Abd-al-Aziz ibn Abd-Allah ibn Baaz, Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia since 1993. [20]

November 26 • •

In Vanuatu Islands, a magnitude 7.5 earthquake and tsunami occur. At least ten people killed. [20] [53] The Norwegian passenger ferry MS Sleipner sinks, killing 16 people on board. [20]

1419

November 27 •

The New Zealand Labour Party, led by Helen Clark, wins office in a General Election, unseating the incumbent administration of Jenny Shipley. [20]

November 28 • •

A man wielding a samurai sword enters St. Andrew's Catholic Church in Thornton Heath and injures 11. [20] Jorge Batlle, of the Colorado Party, is elected president of Uruguay. [20]

November 29 •

Death of Gene Rayburn, American television personality (born 1917). [20]

November 30 •

• •

In Seattle, Washington, the first major mobilization of the anti-globalization movement catches police unprepared and forces the cancellation of the opening ceremonies of the WTO Meeting of 1999 (protests end on December 3). [20] Exxonmobil Corporation merger is completed, and forms the largest company in the world. [20] British Aerospace and Marconi Electronic Systems merge to form BAE Systems, Europe's largest defence contractor and the fourth largest aerospace firm in the world. [5]

December 1 •

Exxon changes its company name to Exxon Mobil Company. [228]

December 2 • •

AlliedSignal Incorporated changes its company name to Honeywell International. [228] The United Kingdom devolves political power in Northern Ireland to the Northern Ireland Executive. [20]

December 3 •

• • •

After rowing for 81 days and 2,962 nautical miles (5486 km), Tori Murden becomes the first woman to cross the Atlantic Ocean by rowboat alone, when she reaches Guadeloupe from the Canary Islands. [20] NASA loses radio contact with the Mars Polar Lander, moments before the spacecraft enters the Martian atmosphere. [20] Death of Scatman John, American musician (born 1942). [20] Death of Jarl Wahlström, Salvation Army general (born 1918). [20] 1420

•

Death of Madeline Kahn, American actress (born 1942). [20]

December 7 •

The RIAA files a lawsuit against the Napster file-sharing client. [5]

December 8 • • •

Sony CEA releases the Gran Turismo 2 video game for the PlayStation in the USA. [9] Buena Vista Pictures releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Cradle Will Rock to theaters in the USA. [6] Death of Péter Kuczka, Hungarian author (born 1923). [20]

December 10 • • • •

Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo to theaters in the USA. [6] German author Gunter Grass wins the Nobel Prize for Literature. [37] Death of Rick Danko, Canadian musician (born 1943). [20] The European Union, at its meeting in Helsinki, Finland, determines to take up negotiations with Rumania, Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, the Slovak Republic and Malta for admission to the Union. [37]

December 11 •

Death of Franjo Tudman, President of Croatia (born 1922). [20]

December 12 • •

Death of Joseph Heller, American novelist (born 1923). [20] President Lieutenant General Umar Hasan Ahmad al-Bashir of Sudan dismisses the National Assembly, during an internal power struggle between him and speaker of the Parliament Hasan al-Turabi. [20]

December 14 •

Algerian Ahmed Ressam is arrested while crossing the United States-Canada border at Port Angeles, Washington, when United States Customs finds explosives in the trunk of his automobile. The arrest causes fears of a terrorist attack in the United States, and is a major factor in the cancellation of a public New Year's celebration in Seattle, Washington. Ressam is later convicted in a plot to bomb Los Angeles International Airport on New Year's Eve. [20]

December 15

1421

•

Torrential rains cause catastrophic floods and mudslides in the coastal regions of Venezuela, killing an estimated 25,000 people and leaving 100,000 others homeless. [20]

December 17 •

• • •

The United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) is created to replace UNSCOM. The U.N. Security Council once again orders Iraq to allow inspections teams immediate and unconditional access to any weapons sites and facilities. Iraq rejects the resolution. [20] Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures / Columbia Pictures live-action feature film Bicentennial Man to theaters in the USA. [6] The Walt Disney Company animated feature film Fantasia/2000 debuts at Carnegie Hall in New York City. [6] Death of Grover Washington, Jr., American saxophonist (born 1943). [20]

December 18 •

NASA launches into orbit the Terra platform carrying five Earth Observation instruments: ASTER, CERES, MISR, MODIS and MOPITT. [5] [20]

December 19 •

Death of Desmond Llewelyn, Welsh actor (born 1914). [20]

December 20 • • •

Death of Hank Snow, Canadian musician (born 1914). [20] Portugal returns Macau to the People's Republic of China. [1] [20] The Vermont Supreme Court orders the state to legalize same-sex unions. [20]

December 21 •

The Spanish Civil Guard intercepts near Calatayud (Zaragoza) a Madrid-bound van driven by ETA and loaded with 950 kg of explosives. The next day, another van loaded with 750 kg is found not far from there. [20]

December 23 •

Death of John P. Davies, American diplomat (born 1908). [20]

December 24 • •

Death of Tito Guízar, Mexican singer and film actor (born 1908). [20] Indian Airlines Flight 814, en route from Kathmandu, Nepal to Delhi, India is hijacked and taken to Kandahar, Afghanistan. [20] 1422

December 25 •

Disney releases the Touchstone Pictures live-action feature film Play it to the Bone to theaters in the USA. [6]

December 26 • •

Royal Caribbean International's Voyager of the Seas cruise ship sets a new record for most guests on a single cruise: 3497. [79] Death of Curtis Mayfield, American musician and composer (born 1942). [20]

December 27 •

Death of Leonard Goldenson, American television network executive (born 1905). [20]

December 28 •

Death of Clayton Moore, American actor (born 1914). [20]

December 29 •

In Henley-on-Thames, England, former Beatle George Harrison is stabbed several times in the chest by Michael Anram, who had broken into his home. Harrison's wife wrestles the knife out of the assailant's hand before the police arrive. The man apparently believes that Harrison is the devil. He is later charged with attempted murder. [20]

December 30 • •

Death of Fritz Leonhardt, German structural engineer (born 1909). [20] Death of Sarah Knauss, among oldest living persons ever (born 1880). [20]

December 31 • • •

•

Boris Yeltsin resigns as President of Russia, replaced by Vladimir Putin. [20] [46.285] [68.26] Five hijackers, who had been holding 155 hostages on an Indian Airlines plane, leave the plane with two Islamic clerics that they had demanded be freed. [20] Millennium celebrations begin worldwide (although technically the third millennium starts in 2001 not 2000). Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom opens the Millennium Dome at Greenwich, London. [20] US turns over complete administration of the Panama Canal to the Panamanian Government as stipulated in the Torrijos-Carter Treaty of 1977 free of liens and debts, in good operation and with a $1 billion investment progran in place designed to ensure continued first class service to the maritime world. At the 1423

transfer, more than 97 percent of the Canal's 9,000 workers are Panamanian. [20] [150.62]

1424

List of References used in: Chronology of World History Chronology of Passenger Liners and Cruise Ships Chronology of US Civil War Chronology of Space Exploration Chronology of Sports Chronology of Television Chronology of Gambling Chronology of Extreme Weather Chronology of Notable Births Chronology of Notable Deaths Chronology of the Dow Jones Industrial Average Copyright © 2007-2009 Ken Polsson internet e-mail: [email protected] All rights reserved. Permission is granted to create web links to this site, not to copy these pages to other web sites. URL: http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/refs/worldref.htm

[1] Today in History database, circa 1999. [2] Chronology of A & W Root Beer, http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/awhistus/ [3] Chronology of Canadian Coins, http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/cancoin/ [4] Chronology of Personal Computers, http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/comphist/ [5] IDG Connect, 2007 June 22+ [6] Chronology of The Walt Disney Company, http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/disnehis/ [7] Chronology of Sweden, http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/swedhis/ [8] Chronology of Chevrolet Corvettes, http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/vettehis/ [9] Chronology of Video Game Systems, http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/vidgame/ [10] Chronology of World War II, http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/ww2hist/ [11] New York Times, February 16, 1986. [12] The Day After Roswell, by Philip Corso, 1997. [13] Business Week, March 29, 2004, Number 3876. [14] New York Times, January 9, 1982, Volume 131, Number 45188. [15] ComputerWorld Canada, October 22, 1999, Volume 15, Number 21. [16] New York Times, May 20, 1989, Volume 138, Number 47876. [17] New York Times, January 3, 1992, Volume 141, Number 48834. [18] Wikipedia contributors, "1997", Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997 (accessed September 27, 2007). [19] Wikipedia contributors, "1998", Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998 (accessed September 27, 2007). [20] Wikipedia contributors, "1999", Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999 (accessed September 27, 2007).

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[21] Wikipedia contributors, "2000", Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000 (accessed September 27, 2007). [22] Wikipedia contributors, "2001", Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001 (accessed September 27, 2007). [23] Wikipedia contributors, "2002", Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002 (accessed September 27, 2007). [24] Wikipedia contributors, "2003", Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003 (accessed September 27, 2007). [25] Wikipedia contributors, "2004", Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004 (accessed September 27, 2007). [26] Wikipedia contributors, "2005", Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005 (accessed September 27, 2007). [27] Wikipedia contributors, "2006", Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006 (accessed September 27, 2007). [28] Wikipedia contributors, "1996", Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996 (accessed November 9, 2007). [29] Wikipedia contributors, "1995", Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995 (accessed November 13, 2007). [30] Wikipedia contributors, "1994", Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994 (accessed November 22, 2007). [31] Wikipedia contributors, "1993", Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993 (accessed November 26, 2007). [32] Weatherwise, May/June 2007, Volume 60, Number 3. [33] Wikipedia contributors, "1992", Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992 (accessed December 5, 2007). [34] Scott 2008 Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue Volume 3, Scott Publishing Company, June 2007. [35] Reuters, www.reuters.com, 2008+ [36] Animation Magazine, August 1987, Volume 1, Number 1. [37] Today in German History, http://www.germanculture.com.ua/german_calendar.htm (accessed January 7, 2008). [38] Wikipedia contributors, "2007", Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007 (accessed January 15, 2008). [39] Roger Dunstan, Gambling in California, January 1997, http://www.library.ca.gov/crb/97/03/crb97003.html [40] Luck of the Draw - True-Life Tales of Lotteries and Their Winners, by Chris Gudgeon, 1995. [41] Wikipedia contributors, "1991", Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991 (accessed January 26, 2008). [42] Wikipedia contributors, "1990", Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990 (accessed January 27, 2008). [43] Wikipedia contributors, "1989", Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989 (accessed January 27, 2008). [44] Wikipedia contributors, "Sjoerd van der Schaaf", Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjoerd_van_der_Schaaf (accessed January 28, 2008). [45] The Economist, August 18, Volume 384, Number 8542.

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[46] The Shock Doctrine - The Rise of Disaster Capitalism, by Naomi Klein, 2007. [47] TV Week, January 5, 2008, Volume 33, Number 1. [48] TV Week, January 12, 2008, Volume 33, Number 2. [49] TV Week, January 19, 2008, Volume 33, Number 3. [50] TV Week, January 26, 2008, Volume 33, Number 4. [51] TV Week, February 2, 2008, Volume 33, Number 5. [52] TV Week, February 9, 2008, Volume 33, Number 6. [53] USGS - Today in Earthquake History, http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learning/today/year.php (accessed February 7, 2008). [54] National Climatic Data Center - Global Measured Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation, http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalextremes.html (accessed February 7, 2008). [55] The Book of Firsts, by Patrick Robertson, 1974. [56] Touching Base With History, http://www.nationalpastime.com/ (accessed February 14, 2008). [57] BBC News, news.bbc.co.uk, 2008 March 3+ [58] NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/ (accessed March 19, 2008). [59] The New York Times, October 7, 1993. [60] Work in Progress, by Michael Eisner, 1998. [61] Eyes & Ears, December 17, 1998, Volume 28, Number 50. [62] The Keys to the Kingdom, by Kim Masters, 2001. [63] Scott 2008 Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue Volume 1, Scott Publishing Company, April 2007. [64] Disney Magazine, Winter 1999-2000. [65] Disney Insider Yearbook 2005 Year in Review, by Jody Revenson (editor), 2006. [66] History Magazine, March 2008, Volume 9, Number 3. [67] Cruise Travel, February 2008, Volume 29, Number 4. [68] The Economist, August 25-31, 2007, Volume 384, Number 8543. [69] Disney Cruise Line, http://disneycruise.disney.go.com (accessed March 20, 2008). [70] Disney Magic - The Launching of a Dream, by John Heminway, 1998. [71] Cruise Travel, October 2005, Volume 27, Number 2. [72] Cruise Travel, April 2006, Volume 27, Number 5. [73] Cruise Travel, February 2007, Volume 28, Number 4. [74] www.imdb.com [75] Cruise Travel, June 2007, Volume 28, Number 6. [76] Holland America Line, http://www.hollandamerica.com/news/Main.action (accessed March 20, 2008). [77] The Economist, September 1-7, 2007, Volume 384, Number 8544. [78] The Economist, September 8-14, 2007, Volume 384, Number 8545. [79] Royal Caribbean International, http://www.royalcaribbean.com/ourCompany/pressCenter/pressReleases.do (accessed March 25, 2008). [80] The Complete Illustrated Guide to Gambling, by Alan Wykes, 1964. [81] The Economist, September 15-21, 2007, Volume 384, Number 8546. [82] Wikipedia contributors, "1988", Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia,

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981 (accessed May 20, 2008). [120] Wikipedia contributors, "1980", Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980 (accessed May 21, 2008). [121] Harbour & Shipping, January 2007, Volume 90, Number 1. [122] Harbour & Shipping, March 2007, Volume 90, Number 3. [123] Harbour & Shipping, May 2007, Volume 90, Number 5. [124] Harbour & Shipping, July 2007, Volume 90, Number 7. [125] Harbour & Shipping, November 2007, Volume 90, Number 11. [126] Harbour & Shipping, January 2008, Volume 91, Number 1. [127] Harbour & Shipping, February 2008, Volume 91, Number 2. [128] Harbour & Shipping, May 2008, Volume 91, Number 5. [129] history.com 2008 april 25+ [130] Wikipedia contributors, "Elbridge Gerry", Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry (accessed May 22, 2008). [131] Famous, May 2008, Volume 9, Number 5. [132] The New Yorker, Mar 31, 2008. [133] The Economist, September 16, 2006, Volume 380, Number 8495. [134] The Economist, November 17, 2007, Volume 385, Number 8555. [135] The Economist, December 22, 2007, Volume 385, Number 8560. [136] The Economist, February 23, 2008, Volume 386, Number 8568. [137] The Economist, March 8, 2008, Volume 386, Number 8570. [138] The Economist, February 2, 2008, Volume 386, Number 8565. [139] The Economist, March 29, 2008, Volume 386, Number 8573. [140] Cruise Travel, May/June 2008, Volume 29, Number 6. [141] The Economist, April 5, 2008, Volume 386, Number 8574. [142] The Economist, April 19, 2008, Volume 386, Number 8576. [143] Scott 2008 Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue Volume 4, Scott Publishing Company, July 2007. [144] The Economist, March 15, 2008, Volume 386, Number 8571. [145] The Economist, April 12, 2008, Volume 386, Number 8575. [146] Orlando Attractions, April 2008, Volume 1, Number 3. [147] Orlando Attractions, June 2008, Volume 1, Number 4. [148] The Economist, May 3, 2008, Volume 386, Number 8578. [149] The Economist, May 10, 2008, Volume 386, Number 8579. [150] Porthole Cruise Magazine, April 2008, Number 154. [151] Porthole Cruise Magazine, June 2008, Number 155. [152] Shipping, May 2008, Number 219. [153] Scott Stamp Monthly, January 2008, Volume 26, Number 1. [154] TV Week, March 1, 2008, Volume 33, Number 9. [155] TV Week, March 8, 2008, Volume 33, Number 10. [156] TV Week, April 5, 2008, Volume 33, Number 14. [157] TV Week, May 17, 2008, Volume 33, Number 20. [158] World War II, November 1999. [159] World War II, March 2003, Volume 19, Number 10. [160] The Economist, January 4, 2003, Volume 366, Number 8305. [161] The Economist, January 11, 2003, Volume 366, Number 8306.

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[162] The Economist, January 18, 2003, Volume 366, Number 8307. [163] The Economist, January 25, 2003, Volume 366, Number 8308. [164] 1st Primetime Emmy Awards, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Primetime_Emmy_Awards [165] 2nd Primetime Emmy Awards, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd_Primetime_Emmy_Awards [166] 3rd Primetime Emmy Awards, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd_Primetime_Emmy_Awards [167] 4th Primetime Emmy Awards, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4th_Primetime_Emmy_Awards [168] 5th Primetime Emmy Awards, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5th_Primetime_Emmy_Awards [169] 6th Primetime Emmy Awards, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6th_Primetime_Emmy_Awards [170] 7th Primetime Emmy Awards, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7th_Primetime_Emmy_Awards [171] 8th Primetime Emmy Awards, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th_Primetime_Emmy_Awards [172] 9th Primetime Emmy Awards, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9th_Primetime_Emmy_Awards [173] 10th Primetime Emmy Awards, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_Primetime_Emmy_Awards [174] 11th Primetime Emmy Awards, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11th_Primetime_Emmy_Awards [175] 12th Primetime Emmy Awards, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_Primetime_Emmy_Awards [176] Emmy Awards: 1961, http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Emmy_Awards/1961 [177] The Economist, February 1, 2003, Volume 366, Number 8309. [178] Academy of Television Arts & Sciences, http://www.emmys.org/awards/awardsearch.php [179] The Complete Encyclopedia of Television Programs 1947-1979, by Vincent Terrace, 1979. [180] The Economist, February 8, 2003, Volume 366, Number 8310. [181] Emmy Awards: 1962, http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Emmy_Awards/1962 [182] Emmy Awards: 1963, http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Emmy_Awards/1963 [183] Emmy Awards: 1964, http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Emmy_Awards/1964 [184] Emmy Awards: 1965, http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Emmy_Awards/1965 [185] Emmy Awards: 1966, http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Emmy_Awards/1966 [186] Emmy Awards: 1967, http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Emmy_Awards/1967 [187] Roll the Bones - The History of Gambling, by David G. Schwartz, 2006. [188] The Economist, October 6, 2007, Volume 385, Number 8549. [189] The Economist, October 13, 2007, Volume 385, Number 8550. [190] The Economist, October 20, 2007, Volume 385, Number 8551. [191] The Economist, October 27, 2007, Volume 385, Number 8552. [192] BBC Focus, February 2007, Issue 173. [193] Forbes, May 19, 2008, Volume 181, Number 10.

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[194] Skeptical Inquirer, November 2003, Volume 27, Number 6. [195] Collections of Canada, Summer 2008. [196] Famous, July 2008, Volume 9, Number 7. [197] E Plus Magazine, April 2008. [198] E Plus Entertainment Magazine, July 2006, Volume 91. [199] E Plus Entertainment Magazine, April 2006, Volume 88. [200] Famous, November 2006, Volume 7, Number 11. [201] Orlando Attractions, August 2008, Volume 1, Number 5. [202] Cruise Travel, July/August 2008, Volume 29, Number 7. [203] Harbour & Shipping, June 2008, Volume 91, Number 7. [204] History Today, June 2008, Volume 58, Number 6. [205] Emmy Awards: 1968, http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Emmy_Awards/1968 [206] Emmy Awards: 1969, http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Emmy_Awards/1969 [207] The Economist, March 22, 2008, Volume 386, Number 8572. [208] The Economist, May 17, 2008, Volume 386, Number 8580. [209] The Economist, May 24, 2008, Volume 386, Number 8581. [210] The Economist, May 31, 2008, Volume 386, Number 8582. [211] The Economist, June 7, 2008, Volume 386, Number 8583. [212] Emmy Awards: 1970, http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Emmy_Awards/1970 [213] Emmy Awards: 1971, http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Emmy_Awards/1971 [214] Emmy Awards: 1972, http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Emmy_Awards/1972 [215] The Economist, June 14, 2008, Volume 386, Number 8584. [216] The Economist, June 21, 2008, Volume 386, Number 8585. [217] Emmy Awards: 1973, http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Emmy_Awards/1973 [218] Emmy Awards: 1974, http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Emmy_Awards/1974 [219] Emmy Awards: 1975, http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Emmy_Awards/1975 [220] Emmy Awards: 1976, http://www.imdb.com/Sections/Awards/Emmy_Awards/1976 [221] The Economist, June 28, 2008, Volume 386, Number 8586. [222] The Economist, July 5, 2008, Volume 386, Number 8587. [223] The Economist, July 12, 2008, Volume 386, Number 8588. [224] The Economist, February 15, 2003, Volume 366, Number 8311. [225] The Economist, February 22, 2003, Volume 366, Number 8312. [226] The Economist, March 1, 2003, Volume 366, Number 8313. [227] Wikipedia contributors, "Dow Jones Industrial Average", Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average (accessed October 15, 2008). [228] Dow Jones & Company, "Dow Jones Industrial Average History", Dow Jones Indexes, http://www.djindexes.com/mdsidx/downloads/DJIA_Hist_Comp.pdf (accessed October 15, 2008). [229] The Economist, July 26, 2008, Volume 388, Number 8590. [230] The Economist, August 2, 2008, Volume 388, Number 8591. [231] The Economist, August 9, 2008, Volume 388, Number 8592. [232] The Economist, August 23, 2008, Volume 388, Number 8594. [233] The Economist, September 6, 2008, Volume 388, Number 8596. [234] The Economist, March 8, 2003, Volume 366, Number 8314. [235] The Economist, March 15, 2003, Volume 366, Number 8315.

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[236] The Economist, March 22, 2003, Volume 366, Number 8316. [237] The Economist, March 29, 2003, Volume 366, Number 8317. [238] The Economist, April 5, 2003, Volume 366, Number 8318. [239] World Coin News, February 2008, Volume 35, Number 2. [240] The Secret History of the American Empire - The Truth About Economic Hit Men, Jackals, and How to Change the World, by John Perkins, 2008. [241] Realm, June 2006, Issue 128. [242] The Daily Colonist, April 1, 1971, Number 94. [243] The Daily Colonist, April 2, 1971, Number 95. [244] The Daily Colonist, April 3, 1971, Number 96. [245] The Daily Colonist, August 17, 1971, Number 208. [246] Mental Floss, July 2006, Volume 5, Number 4. [247] Mental Floss, July 2007, Volume 6, Number 4. [248] Mental Floss, September 2007, Volume 6, Number 5. [249] Mental Floss, November 2007, Volume 6, Number 6. [250] The Daily Colonist, August 18, 1971, Number 209. [251] The Economist, August 30, 2008, Volume 388, Number 8595. [252] The Economist, August 16, 2008, Volume 388, Number 8593. [253] Cruise Travel, September/October 2008, Volume 30, Number 2. [254] Cruise Travel, November/December 2008, Volume 30, Number 3. [255] Mental Floss, September 2008, Volume 7, Number 5. [256] Victoria Times Colonist, September 15, 2007. [257] The Economist, October 18, 2008, Volume 389, Number 8602. [258] The Economist, November 15, 2008, Volume 389, Number 8606. [259] The Economist, April 12, 2003, Volume 366, Number 8319. [260] Ocean Liners - Travel on the Open Seas, by Bill Miller, 1990. [261] The Economist, July 19, 2008, Volume 388, Number 8589. [262] Oak Island and its Lost Treasure Second Edition, by Graham Harris and Les MacPhie, 2005. [263] The Economist, September 13, 2008, Volume 388, Number 8597. [264] The Economist, September 27, 2008, Volume 388, Number 8599. [265] The Economist, October 11, 2008, Volume 389, Number 8601. [266] The Economist, November 1, 2008, Volume 389, Number 8604. [267] Stamp Collecting Weekly, April 2, 1970, Volume 114, Number 5, Issue 2944. [268] Stamp Collecting Weekly, April 9, 1970, Volume 114, Number 6, Issue 2945. [269] Stamp Collecting Weekly, April 16, 1970, Volume 114, Number 7, Issue 2946. [270] Stamp Collecting Weekly, April 30, 1970, Volume 114, Number 9, Issue 2948. [271] Stamp Collecting Weekly, May 7, 1970, Volume 114, Number 10, Issue 2949. [272] Stamp Collecting Weekly, May 14, 1970, Volume 114, Number 11, Issue 2950. [273] The Masonic Philatelist, June 1989, Volume 45, Number 2. [274] Ocean Liners of the Past - Queen Mary, by Patrick Stevens, 1972. [275] The Economist, October 4, 2008, Volume 389, Number 8600. [276] The Economist, October 25, 2008, Volume 389, Number 8603. [277] The Economist, November 8, 2008, Volume 389, Number 8605. [278] Scott 2009 Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue Volume 5, Scott Publishing Company, August 2008.

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