Humanities - The 20th Century - Sac
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Twentieth Century Conflict School Assessed Coursework Name: /70 • • •
Do not start writing until you told to. The first 5 minutes should be used for reading time All questions must be attempted
Section 1: People who changed the course of history. List three people who have made a significant contribution to the world. 1. 2. 3. 3 marks List their contribution. 1. 2. 3. 3 marks Explain why this contribution ‘changed the course of history’. 1. 2. 3. 6 marks Section 2: The Cold War Which two countries were involved in the Cold War? What are the main differences between these two countries? What caused the Cold War? What is a Cold War? Explain how the Cold War was fought? What is a Warm War? What is a Hot War? 14 marks
Explain in detail what occurred in any of three of these Cold War events. a) b) c) d) e) f) g)
Berlin Wall The Korean War The Cuban Missile Crisis The Warsaw Pact and NATO The Vietnam war The Space Race The Arms Race
1.
2.
3.
9 marks What is the message behind these cartoons? 1.
2.
6 marks Section 3: Human Rights: Read this article and answer the questions:
Bodies carry the memory of Rwanda genocide The World Today - Friday, 22 August , 2003 12:36:16 Reporter: Sally Sara HAMISH ROBERTSON: To Africa now, and in an historic step forward, Rwanda is preparing to stage its first elections since the horrific genocide there. Rwandans are still haunted by the memories of 1994 and they're determined to ensure that the elections deliver unity. Our Africa Correspondent Sally Sara has just been to Rwanda – and a warning that some listeners might find her report disturbing. SALLY SARA: The school sits on top of a hill in Gikongoro in rural Rwanda. From a distance, it looks plain and bare – something is missing. There are no children here, no playground, no noise, no life. The school has become a memorial, the classrooms here are full of bodies: the bodies of the local people who were murdered during the 1994 genocide. Thousands of families sheltered here because they thought they would be safe from the killing, but instead, this hilltop was soaked in blood. The bodies have been left here for nine years, as a reminder of the brutality. They haven't been buried; they've been placed on racks in the former classrooms. The rooms have tarpaulins on the windows, which keep out the weather but keep in the smell. The scent of genocide is so sickening, it's as if a trap has gone off in your chest. It's a damp, sorry smell like old fertiliser. It's so unmistakable it takes your breath and gives it back, just before each word comes out of your mouth. I don't know why, but I thought after almost a decade the bodies would be just bones and dust – neat skeletons that would be a bit easier to look at. But the remains are intact, they look strange and fragile, the skin is chalky white, the limbs are withered and thin. They look out of proportion like an unborn baby on an ultrasound. Some are still wearing necklaces; others still have hair. Each body has its own posture: some are curled up clutching their head; others are stretched out in agony with arms reaching for help that never arrived. Bullet holes, broken bones and missing limbs give some clues of the merciless way they were killed. Each body is unique and yet anonymous, silent and yet delivering a screaming message. That message is "Never, never again". It's the solemn slogan of the survivors of the Rwandan genocide – those left with more relatives dead than alive. More than 800,000 people were killed in a hundred days of bloodshed in 1994 – ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus were murdered by Hutu extremists. It was an explosion of hatred after decades of simmering tension.
The slaughter started when the Rwandan President's aircraft was shot down on the 6th of April. Tutsis were blamed for the incident. It was enough to trigger what was by then the inevitable. The genocide began. The police, the army and even the clergy took part in the killing. The school at Gikongoro, with its classrooms crowded full of bodies, is a deeply confronting memorial. It's a painful place. The remains of the victims have been conscripted to make sure that the Rwandan genocide is never forgotten. This is Sally Sara, in Gikongoro, Rwanda, for The World Today. 1. What event triggered the slaughter? 2. In what year did this genocide take place? 3. Who were the groups involved? 4. Why did people move to the school? 5. How many people were killed? 6. Why has the school been left in tact? 7. ‘Never, never again.’ What is the significance of this quote? 14 marks 1. What was the Final Solution? 2. Approximately how many people perished? 3. What was the world reaction after World War 2? 4. What country was created as a result? 5. What is a ‘jihad’?
5 marks
Section 4: Terrorism 1. Give a definition of the term Terrorism 2. What is the message behind these cartoons? 1.
2.
6 marks 3. The War on Terrorism (also known as the War on Terror) is the common term for the various religious, military, political, legal, educational, economical and personal actions initiated by the United States government, stated to be a response to the September 11, 2001 attacks. According to the government, the objectives are to counter terrorist threats, prevent terrorist acts and curb the influence of terrorist organizations such as al-Qaeda. Both the term and the policies it denotes have been a source of ongoing controversy, as critics argue it has been used to justify unilateral preemptive war, human rights abuses and other violations of international law.
a.
Who initiated the War on Terrorism?
b.
Why?
c.
Which Terrorist organisation is going to be curbed?
d.
Why is the war on terror controversial? 4 marks
Do not start writing until you told to. The first 5 minutes should be used for reading time All questions must be attempted
Section 1: People who changed the course of history. List three people who have made a significant contribution to the world. 1. 2. 3. 3 marks List their contribution. 1. 2. 3. 3 marks Explain why this contribution ‘changed the course of history’. 1. 2. 3. 6 marks Section 2: The Cold War Which two countries were involved in the Cold War? What are the main differences between these two countries? What caused the Cold War? What is a Cold War? Explain how the Cold War was fought? What is a Warm War? What is a Hot War? 14 marks
Explain in detail what occurred in any of three of these Cold War events. a) b) c) d) e) f) g)
Berlin Wall The Korean War The Cuban Missile Crisis The Warsaw Pact and NATO The Vietnam war The Space Race The Arms Race
1.
2.
3.
9 marks What is the message behind these cartoons? 1.
2.
6 marks Section 3: Human Rights: Read this article and answer the questions:
Bodies carry the memory of Rwanda genocide The World Today - Friday, 22 August , 2003 12:36:16 Reporter: Sally Sara HAMISH ROBERTSON: To Africa now, and in an historic step forward, Rwanda is preparing to stage its first elections since the horrific genocide there. Rwandans are still haunted by the memories of 1994 and they're determined to ensure that the elections deliver unity. Our Africa Correspondent Sally Sara has just been to Rwanda – and a warning that some listeners might find her report disturbing. SALLY SARA: The school sits on top of a hill in Gikongoro in rural Rwanda. From a distance, it looks plain and bare – something is missing. There are no children here, no playground, no noise, no life. The school has become a memorial, the classrooms here are full of bodies: the bodies of the local people who were murdered during the 1994 genocide. Thousands of families sheltered here because they thought they would be safe from the killing, but instead, this hilltop was soaked in blood. The bodies have been left here for nine years, as a reminder of the brutality. They haven't been buried; they've been placed on racks in the former classrooms. The rooms have tarpaulins on the windows, which keep out the weather but keep in the smell. The scent of genocide is so sickening, it's as if a trap has gone off in your chest. It's a damp, sorry smell like old fertiliser. It's so unmistakable it takes your breath and gives it back, just before each word comes out of your mouth. I don't know why, but I thought after almost a decade the bodies would be just bones and dust – neat skeletons that would be a bit easier to look at. But the remains are intact, they look strange and fragile, the skin is chalky white, the limbs are withered and thin. They look out of proportion like an unborn baby on an ultrasound. Some are still wearing necklaces; others still have hair. Each body has its own posture: some are curled up clutching their head; others are stretched out in agony with arms reaching for help that never arrived. Bullet holes, broken bones and missing limbs give some clues of the merciless way they were killed. Each body is unique and yet anonymous, silent and yet delivering a screaming message. That message is "Never, never again". It's the solemn slogan of the survivors of the Rwandan genocide – those left with more relatives dead than alive. More than 800,000 people were killed in a hundred days of bloodshed in 1994 – ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus were murdered by Hutu extremists. It was an explosion of hatred after decades of simmering tension.
The slaughter started when the Rwandan President's aircraft was shot down on the 6th of April. Tutsis were blamed for the incident. It was enough to trigger what was by then the inevitable. The genocide began. The police, the army and even the clergy took part in the killing. The school at Gikongoro, with its classrooms crowded full of bodies, is a deeply confronting memorial. It's a painful place. The remains of the victims have been conscripted to make sure that the Rwandan genocide is never forgotten. This is Sally Sara, in Gikongoro, Rwanda, for The World Today. 1. What event triggered the slaughter? 2. In what year did this genocide take place? 3. Who were the groups involved? 4. Why did people move to the school? 5. How many people were killed? 6. Why has the school been left in tact? 7. ‘Never, never again.’ What is the significance of this quote? 14 marks 1. What was the Final Solution? 2. Approximately how many people perished? 3. What was the world reaction after World War 2? 4. What country was created as a result? 5. What is a ‘jihad’?
5 marks
Section 4: Terrorism 1. Give a definition of the term Terrorism 2. What is the message behind these cartoons? 1.
2.
6 marks 3. The War on Terrorism (also known as the War on Terror) is the common term for the various religious, military, political, legal, educational, economical and personal actions initiated by the United States government, stated to be a response to the September 11, 2001 attacks. According to the government, the objectives are to counter terrorist threats, prevent terrorist acts and curb the influence of terrorist organizations such as al-Qaeda. Both the term and the policies it denotes have been a source of ongoing controversy, as critics argue it has been used to justify unilateral preemptive war, human rights abuses and other violations of international law.
a.
Who initiated the War on Terrorism?
b.
Why?
c.
Which Terrorist organisation is going to be curbed?
d.
Why is the war on terror controversial? 4 marks
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