20th Century Part 2-piccompressed

Crisis in Art: representation, realism, originality 20th century part 2 to the 21st Flaudette May V. Datuin

• • •

The crisis in the subject and subject matter The disintegration of form The disappearance of the figure

The Human form

Auguste Rodin The Kiss

Durer Tamara de Lempicka

Klimt

Human form starts to fragment

Reduction and simplification of the human form

Constantin Brancusi

Reduction and simplification of the human form Napoleon Abueva Mother and Child

Brancusi/Masterful Bird

Henry Moore Recumbent Figure

Juan Gris Portrait of Picasso

Duchamp Nude Descending a Staircase

Picasso Demoiselle D’Avignon

crisis of the subject

Munch/The Scream

Ivan Albright/Into The World Come a Soul Called Ida

Gauguin Where Are We? Where did we come from? Where are we going?

Giacometti Man Pointing Man Striding

And Job Was Also Man Martino Abellana Formal innovations Engagement with social realities

(Photo from Cebu online website)

Challenges to Realism (Mimesis) Subject matter form

Disintegration of form impressionism

Optical figurative Cubism, impressionism: analytical, scientific Expressionism: “emotional” Surrealism, social realism Modernism in the context of modernity

Braque

Synthetic cubism

Analytic cubism

Balla/Automobile Futurist movement

Disappearance of the Figure

formal self-consciousness

Edades Lao Lianben

Flatness Acknowledgment of the material

Ang Kiukok

HR Ocampo/ Homage to Tandang Sora Figurative abstraction

Reduction and simplification of the human form Napoleon Abueva Mother and Child

Severini/Armored Train Futurist

Joya/High Noon

Klee/Sound

Kyong Lee

Abstract Art

Wassily Kandinsky

Still figurative but shapes are free and the colors are exuberant

geometric Kandinsky

Kandinsky • Concerning the Spiritual in Art • Transcend the material world towards the realm of the spirit • Physical appearances are illusory

De Stijl group leader Geometric ideas and concepts rather than what we SEE Mathematical, precise Simplest forms, primary colors

GEOMTRIC ABSTRACTION

Piet Mondrian/Broadway Boogie Woogie

Russian Suprematists: Malevich Not about something else out there but about itself

“pure painting” freed from any allusions to the external world

White on White

Non-objective, non-figurative

Calculating, Detached Color field Geometric Entirely non-figurative

Rothko

Bridget Riley: Op art

Analysis of color Scientific Optical but about itself

Riley/Reconnaisance

Vasareley

Du Jie

Chinese maximalist

Constructivists: Gabo

Gabo/Construction Space with Crystalline Center

Gabo/Linear Construction No. 2

MoholyNagy/Light Space Modulator

Tatlin/Monument to the third international

Smithson/Spiral Getty

Calder: Mobile

Kline Expressionist, calligraphic, line-based

Expressionist, free shapes and colorbased

Gorky/One Year: the Milkweed

Jackson Pollock: Action painting

Jackson Pollock

Expressionist Surreal Inspired by theories on the unconscious

Abstract art • Abandoned the figure altogether: nonobjective, non-figurative • Emphasis on idea/essence instead of what the eye sees: non-optical except for op art • Not about “something” out there but about ITSELF: formal self-consciousness which began in cubism and impressionism

Architecture and interiors Bauhaus

International Style

Mies Van der Rohe

Frank Lloyd Wright/Falling Water

Le Corbusier

Ronchamp Church

Walter Gropius

Niemeyer

Cathedral de Brasilia

Saarinen/TWA building

Art Deco 1925: dominant style in the decorative arts Prettified the severe style of the bauhaus Kitsch/junk until the 60s when it became popular

Jacques Emile Ruhlman

Ruhlman

William Van Alen: Chrysler Bldg

Challenges to Realism Subject matter form

architecture • • • • • •

Geometric, severe, minimalist Form follows function Industrial material: reinforced concrete “International” style Bauhaus, constructivist Abstraction having “relevance” to daily life

Modernism Art for art’s sake Daily life

Philippine architectural samples

Looks new LOL:

1973 Do these buildings still exist?:

new LOL:

Crisis in Art Definition

Conceptual art • Emphasis on the idea rather than the object

Duchamp The Fountain

Body Art, Fluxus, Dada Yves Klein

Malevich

• Reaction against Minimalism • Precedents include Duchamp, Dada, and actions of Yves Klein, among others

Art and artist • • • • •

Master/genius white, male, dead name biography how much was it sold? • WHO has it?

Conceptual

Ma Liuming Warhol

Crisis in Art The artist as genius Art as original and unique:masterpiece Crisis in subject and subject matter

Kant • • • •

The first property of art is originality originality must be exemplary art is not governed by rules nor science a genius is BORN with an inspiration to create • beyond the dictates of culture

Romantic notion of artist madness

Originality questioned Appropriation Bricolage pastiche

appropriation

• Act of borrowing, stealing or taking over others’ meanings to one’s own end • Oppositional production and reading

Crisis in Art representation

This is not a pipe • But a representation of a pipe • a painting rather than a material object • signals us about the complex relationship between word, image, referent (pipe)

What is “real?”

Magritte The Human Condition

Pop Art: Warhol

Who is the “real” Marilyn Image Problematizing the process of representation itself

sign • Something that stands for something other than itself • easily recognizable • shared • learned

Image of an image komiks to painting

Single deep meanings? Artist’s vision?

Simulacrum/simulation • Baudrillard: sign that does not clearly have a real-life counterpart, but difficult to distinguish from the real. • Fake world, e.g. theme parks, shopping malls • Copies and realities get blurred

Dominique Gonzalez-Foerster

Lyra Garcellano

I am a Filipino born, raised and living in the Philippines

I am not backward, barbaric or warlike. My house is not open to all. I don’t readily open my doors to strangers. I am not always hospitable. I am kind and respectful and I expect the same treatment from others. I am not rich. I don’t work hard to earn a living. It is my right to be paid my dues. Doing domestic chores, manual labor, and working as a babysitter In a foreign land aren’t the only things I am cut out to do. Whenever/If ever I save money I like to travel, to see the world And learn about new cultures. I didn’t apply for and get my visa to the United States with the intention of going there to land me an American citizen. I have no intention of being an illegal alien in the US. I like to travel, that’s it. I don’t wash my clothes in the river. Neither do I live in a tree. I am not a Catholic. I am not Protestant, Born Again, Opus Dei, El Shaddai or Muslim. I do not belong the organized religion I firmly believe in religious freedom and tolerance. I am not evil. I do not eat dogs. In fact I do not eat meat

I am a vegetarian because I don’t have a taste for killing. I am not adept at handling a balisong or inclined to dance the tinikling and I don’t have a penchant for singing I don’t know everything but I am not ignorant, naïve or uninformed. I read books. I study. I analyze issues. I am not pliant, meek or docile Finally, My country may be economically poor, but I don’t like being called provincial, or referred to as an exotic being from the islands and a third world citizen. And I suppose, neither do you. Lyra returns the GAZE

Related Terms: virtual hyperreal

Hyperreal • Coined by Jean Baudrillard • Codes of reality are used to simulate reality where there is no referent in the real world • Simulation of the real using naturalistic effects to emphasize “realness”

Claes Oldenburg

Warhol

Bricolage

Documented and performed

Cindy Sherman

Documented Whose work? Artist Ma Liuming Photographer Xing Danwen

virtual • Concrete phenomena that seem to exist but in no tangible or physical way • Can be analog or digital but have no referent to the real world • electronically constituted spaces such as Internet, world wide web, games, chat rooms, shopping carts, virtual communities

A Body that Escapes physical individuality A BODY THAT QUIVERS AND OSCILLATES TO THE EBB AND FLOW OF NET ACTIVITY. A body that manifests the statistical and collective data flow… responds not to its internal nervous system but to the external stimulation of globally connected computer networks Stelarc

cyborg

Cyborgs – dependence upon and integral relationship to technology Actual cyborgs – pacemakers, prosthetics Harraway: theorized on the cyborg as a means to consider the relationship of human subjects to technology, and the subjectivity of late capitalism, biomedicine and computer technology

Limits being tested

The Obsolete Body