The Segregation Laws For Black People In The

The segregation laws for black people in the USA The Little Rock Nine

• Racial segregation in the United States, included the racial segregation of facilities, services, and opportunities such as housing, education, employment, and transportation along racial lines. The expression refers primarily to the legally or socially enforced separation of African Americans from other races.

• The Little Rock Nine was a group of African-American students who were enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. The Little Rock Crisis, refers to the prohibition that the students entered the racially segregated school by Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus.

• Their entrance into the school in 1957 caused a crisis when Arkansas governor Orval Faubus, in defiance of a federal court order, called out the Arkansas National Guard to prevent the Nine from entering. • President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent units of the U.S. Army to escort the Nine into the school on 25 September in 1957.

• By the end of September 1957, the nine were admitted to Little Rock Central High under the protection of the U.S. Army ,but they were still subjected to a year of physical and verbal abuse, by many of the white students. Melba Pattillo had acid thrown into her eyes. Another one of the students, Minnijean Brown, was verbally confronted by a group of whites. Two months later, after more confrontation, Brown was suspended for the rest of the school year. He transferred to New Lincoln High School in New York City.

• The next year the high school Little Rock closed, all the year 1958-1959,in the fall of 1959 Little Rock reopened with a new school system, but several segregationists threatened to hold protest at Central High and physically block the black students from entering the school. The Governor Orval Faubus used the Arkansas National Guard to support the segregationists.

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During their ordeal, the Little Rock Nine were advised by Little Rock journalist and activist Daisy Bates. Bates and the Little Rock Nine received the Spingarn Medal in 1958. The Little Rock Nine were awarded the Congressional Gold Medal on 9 November in 1999. Little Rock Central High School still functions as part of the Little Rock School District, and is now a National Historic Site that commemorates the events of 1957. In 1996, seven of the Little Rock Nine appeared on a Show. They came face to face with a few of the white students who had tormented them as well as one student who had befriended them. In 2007, the United States Money made a commemorative silver dollar. On 9 December 2008 the Little Rock Nine were invited to attend the inauguration of President-elect Barack Obama, the first African-American elected President.

By: Adriana Gil and Sara Molas    