The Glory Of Africa

The Glory of Africa The glory of Africa is still a reality today as it was in the past. Scientists from numerous quarters pronounce Africa as the precise continent where human life originated from. Africa has gone through trials and tribulations. Likewise, Africa is accumulated with a lot of positive stories and histories to tell. Africa has some of the most beautiful and diverse fauna and flora in the world. Its residents are made up of very humble, strong, intelligent, resilient, and imaginative human beings. Africa is apart of my blood since my ancestors came from Africa. Therefore, it's certainly time to present an accurate, fair description about the great land of Africa. Also, I wanted these words to be a reference point in showing the world the truth. My mind have been entrenched in this subject of studying real African history since I was a child. My mother and father brought books on black history back in the 1980’s and the 1990’s for us to look at. I’ve looked at various websites & books to comprehend a clear picture pertaining to the magnificent cultural aspects of Africa as well. Certainly having confidence in our hearts, yet having a sense of promoting justice in your deeds are great deeds to perform. So, I do encourage you who read these words to become doctors, lawyers, engineers, technicians, writers, teachers, musicians, architects, athletes, business people, a true activist for truth & justice, computer software experts, political leaders, religious leaders, and other endeavors of life in order to fulfill your own life destinations. I will never a hate another human being for any reason. Yet, I will fight against corruption and injustice whenever they manifest in the world. I really can't speak about Africa without discussing about Darfur and Sudan. For decades, the

regions of Northern Sudan (who are mostly Arabic and Muslim. These aren‘t all Muslims and Arabic people worldwide, so I want to make that clear) and South Sudan (who are mostly black being Christians and animists) have fought with each other. The North readily enslaves those of the South to immorally force Arab, Islamic culture unto them for centuries. A peace treaty was "signed" in 2005, but conflicts are still occurring in Darfur. Darfur is a region in Western Sudan with a mostly black, Muslim population. Muslim Arab radical "Janjaweed" militias are murdering those in Darfur. Some of these Arab imperialists are still enslaving my people in Africa (The good news is that brothers and sisters are fighting against these imperialists day in and day out). The genocide is therefore extremist Muslims killing innocent Muslims. I saw a protest in Washington, D.C. talking about Darfur from CSPAN on April 30, 2006. People from the Left and Right agree that something must be done to stop this genocide. There is the issue of blood diamonds. What is that? It's about how diamonds in Africa (in places like Sierra Leone) are readily created by the work of poor Africans (even children). These workers are typically given bad working conditions, abused, and some die. These diamonds are owned by several corporations and spread globally. Some activists have taken a stand to oppose blood diamonds. Many fights and conflicts come about in creating diamonds as well. The blood in blood diamonds represent the death and bloodshed many Africans have suffered by certain corporations' lust for diamonds along with huge profits. West Africa and other region have this problem. An African professor taught me and others about blood diamonds. Pallas, Lecepede, Hunter, Dornik, and Link believed that all of humanity existed from the tropics or Africa. Africa is still here and it will continue to exist here on Earth.

Also, it’s important to not promote hatred against anyone since on many times, certain factions among Western powers (that embrace the lie of white supremacy. White supremacy is facilitated by monopoly capitalism as brothers and sisters have exposed for a long time now. You have to create real economic equity if you truly desire freedom & justice) use a divide and conquer strategy to promote tension in the Third World and even in America. Hence, people of color shouldn’t fall into the trap of showing bigotry against each other, which is promoted by outsiders in numerous cases. So, I’m not hating anyone of any color. I want to mention this too. There is

nothing wrong with cultivating black culture, having black families, rejecting political correctness, and learning about real black history too (that history includes our strong ancestors and heroes living amongst us today in the 21st century). LEARNING ABOUT THE WISDOM OF SELF IS VERY IMPORTANT. So, I want to make their perfectly clear. As Malcolm X said: “…My own -- when I was in East Africa, I noticed that there was a strong feeling among the Africans along the East African coast against the Asians. When I went to West Africa, I noticed that there was a strong feeling among the Africans against the Arabs. And in parts of Africa where there were neither Asians or Arabs, I noticed a strong feeling among Africans -if they were Muslim, it was against Africans who were Christian, or if they were Christian, it was against Africans who were Muslim. And when you study the divisive forces at work on the African continent today, you'll find that these divisive forces are not indigenous to the African or the African continent, but they are coming from outside. And the powers that have ruled Africa in the past are aware that the real independence of Africa began to take its impetus from the Bandung Conference, 8 which was a forging together of the Asian-Arab-African bloc. And this bloc, with no nuclear weapons or weapons of modern warfare, were able to gain a great deal toward independence against the European powers, because of their numerical strength, their unity. So these powers realize that they've been

pushed against the wall during recent years and the only weapon that they have against this force that has been pushing them against the wall is divide and conquer -- the tactic that they've always used. So that, if I may finish, so that in every area where you find people who have been colonized and oppressed today striving toward freedom, you find that whereas in the past they got along, today they're fighting each other. Just like in British Guiana -- it's the Asians against the Black man. And this is not indigenous trouble that stems from the people themselves. It's instigated by outside forces. And then it's blown up to give the impression that the fight that's going on among them or between them is something other than what it actually is…” *Great cultural legacies of Africa (that exist among our people back then and now) include the appreciation of our ancestors (which is a key part of Black culture), the unapologetic expression of our creativity & rhythm [inside of the confines of art, music, dance, science, mathematics, athletics, oratory, comedy or humor, literature, politics, engineering, computer skills, etc.], our intellectual development, the building up of our communities, the respect for our elders, the respect for our people among all genders, and the realization of the worship of One Supreme God (which existed in Africa for thousands of years). I believe in fighting against evil and fighting for my liberty as a man. In the 21st century, a lot of black people in America are calling themselves Africans. Yes, I am an African. It’s fine to stand up for one’s self. Although, it’s also important to stand up for others when other people need our dedicated assistance in the experiences of life.

This statue is the image of Menes or Aha-Mena. Menes is ancient Egypt’s first Pharaonic Monarch.

According to many people, the Egyptian pharaohs in its first 12 dynasties (from 3150-1783 B.C.) were all Black Africans. Some would disagree with that view. Even White Archaeologists and Egyptologists like Gerald Massey have found evidence that Nubian Pharaohs pre-date the first Egyptian Dynasties by at least 300 years. In ancient Egypt, there was a diversity of people from the Semitic Shepherd Kings, Caucasians, to the black African Nubians. Yet, a Black African presence in ancient Egypt is even acknowledge by the most potent racist. The pyramids were built in this region and great literary texts (i.e. the Book of the Dead) were written. Dr. Ivan Van Sertima (an Anthropologist), in a lecture delivered to the Institute of Karmic Guidance, found iron and steel production in ancient throughout Africa (like Egypt with Tutankhamen, Zimbabwe, Tanzania [1500 years ago]), and other places with achieving temperatures of 1850 Degrees Celsius and using advanced machinery. Dr. Van Sertima also displayed a series of photographic slides proving that ancient Africans have attained a high level of scientific achievement. Count C. F. Volney accompanied the French Imperial Colonial Forces under the control of General Napoleon de Boneparte. De Volney was a French nobleman who was much troubled by the institution of slavery. His expressed the opinion that the ancient Egyptians were black Africans. This was much departed from the typical European view of the late eighteenth century (because many Europeans in that time believed the lie that black African never did anything significant in human civilization), but it gave many people cause for reflection. Here are his words on ancient black civilizations in ancient Egypt, etc: "It was, then, on the borders of the Upper Nile, among a Black race of men, that was organized the complicated system of worship of the stars, considered in relation to the productions of the earth and the labors of agriculture; and this first worship, characterized by their adoration under their own forms and national attributes, was a simple proceeding of the human mind."3 "...THERE A PEOPLE NOW FORGOTTEN DISCOVERED WHILE OTHERS WERE YET BARBARIANS, THE ELEMENTS OF THE ARTS AND SCIENCES. A RACE OF MEN NOW REJECTED FOR THEIR BLACK SKIN AND WOOLLY HAIR, FOUNDED ON THE STUDY OF THE LAWS OF NATURE THOSE CIVIL AND RELIGIOUS SYSTEMS WHICH STILL GOVERN THE UNIVERSE..." (THIS QUOTATION IS EXTRACTED FROM PAGE XVII OF Count C.F. Volney's masterpiece of the 19th Century C.C. Ruins of Empire)

Anthropologist, Count Constatin de Volney (1727-1820),spoke about the race of the Egyptians that produced the Pharaohs. He later paid tribute to Herodotus' discovery when he said: “..The ancient Egyptians were true Negroes of the same type as all native born Africans. That being so, we can see how their blood mixed for several centuries with that of the Romans and Greeks, must have lost the intensity of it's original color, while retaining none the less the imprint of it's original mold. We can even state as a general principle that the face (referring to The Sphinx) is a kind of monument able, in many cases, to attest to or shed light on historical evidence on the origins of the people." "When I visited the Sphinx, I could not help thinking that the figure of that monster

furnished the true solution to the enigma (of how the modern Egyptians came to have their mulatto' appearance). (It's features) were those of the Negro.. (the Egyptians therefore must have been) real Negroes, of the same species of the natives of Africa…How are we astonished when we reflect that to the race of negroes, at present our slaves, and the objects of our extreme contempt, we owe our arts, sciences, and even the very use of speech; and when we recollect that in the midst of those nations who call themselves the friends of liberty and humanity, the most barbarous of slaveries is justified, and that it is even a problem whether the understanding of Negroes be of the same species with that of white men!" (M. Constantine de Volney, Travels through Syria and Egypt in the Years 1783, 1784, and 1785 [London: 1787], p. 80-83). Fabre d’Olivet in his 1915 book entitled, “The Hermeneutic Interpretation of the Origin of the Social State” wrote that: “…The Black Race more ancient than the white was dominant upon the earth and held the sceptre of science and power, it possessed all of Africa and the greater part of Asia…” Here’s other sources on ancient Egypt having an African origin:

Gerald Massey, English writer and author of the book, Egypt the Light of the World, wrote, "The dignity is so ancient that the insignia of the Pharaoh evidently belonged to the time when Egyptians wore nothing but the girdle of the Negro." (p 251) Sir Richard Francis Burton, a 19th century English explorer, writer and linguist in 1883 wrote to Gerald Massey, "You are quite right about the "AFRICAN" origin of the Egyptians. I have 100 human skulls to prove it." Scientist, R. T. Prittchett, states in his book The Natural History of Man, "In their complex and many of the complexions and in physical peculiarities the Egyptians were an "AFRICAN" race (p 124-125). Many Scholars say the Pharaoh who was on the throne of Egypt at the time of Moses' birth, was Pharaoh Seti I. He was the father of Rameses II, the Pharaoh of the oppression, also known as Rameses the Great. George Rawlinson, an English author wrote a book entitled History of Egypt. On page 252, he gives a description of Seti I. He states: "SETI'S FACE WAS THOROUGHLY AFRICAN. HE HAD A STORMY FACE WITH A DEPRESSED FLAT NOSE, THICK LIPS AND HEAVY CHIN."

Basil Davidson wrote, "Egypt was not born into a void; it emerged from a Neolithic womb, and this womb was African. The peasants of the Fayum Lake, those who laid the foundations of old Egyptian society, were not without their own ideas about like and the cosmos; the provenance of these ideas, or of most of them, was undoubtedly more African than Asian. "God's Land" with all it great ancestral spirits lay, for dynastic Egypt, neither in the east nor in the north, but far to the south and west. There is

nothing to show that the earliest forms of ram and sun worship or of other cults made famous along the Nile did not take their rise in this obscure "God's Land" of "upper Africa." (Davidson, Basil. The Lost Cities of Africa. Boston: Little Brown, 1959, 75).

This is the Egyptian Pharaoh of Amenemhet I Diodorus (63BC-14AD), an ancient Greek historian, recorded the popular belief that Egypt was an Ethiopian colony:

"The Ethiopians (black people), as history relates, were the first of all men…They also say that the Egyptians are colonists sent out by the Ethiopians, Osiris having been the leader of the colony…And the larger part of the customs of the Egyptians are, they hold, Ethiopian, the colonists still preserving their ancient manners. For instance, the belief that their kings are gods, the very special attention which they pay to their burial, and many other matters of a similar nature are Ethiopian practices, while the shapes of their statues and the forms of their letters are Ethiopian." (Poe, Richard. Black Spark White Fire. Rocklin, CA: PRIMA, 1997. 352). Stephen of Byzantium wrote that: “…Ethiopia was the first established country on earth and the people were the first, who introduced the worship of the Gods and who enacted laws…” Lucian said the Ethiopians were the first astronomers and Strabo said that geometry came to the Greeks form the Ethiopians. Aesculepides was the erotic Greek poet Aesclepides wrote in praise of black women back then writing that: “…With her charms, didymium has ravished my heart. Alas, I melt as wax at the sight of her beauty. She is black, it is true but what matters? Coals also are black but when alight they glow like rose-cups…” Many of the ancient Greeks were less prejudice against black people than the

Romans and even some Americans in the 1800’s. Yet, racism existed in ancient Greece and all over history. So, I want to make that clear. It isn’t a secret that the black woman has

excellent beauty and an exquisite, down to Earth (plus lovely) personality. That is certainly why a real man will always love a black woman. I am a black man and I will appreciate & love black women forever.

Tutankhamun from the back of his gold throne Therefore, according to French scholar C. F. Volney (1757-1830) in the Ruins of Empires, (from pgs. 16-17 in his 1991 version), he mentioned that that black people with frizzled hair founded the study of laws of nature, civil and religious system with the metropolis of Thebes and other places in Egypt and Ethiopia. Herodotus in his “Histories, Book II” acknowledges that the Egyptians had Black skin and Wooly Hair. The pharaoh Tuthmosis III was the son of an Egyptian father and Nubian mother. He founded the 18th Dynasty and crucial in expanding Egyptian land overseas. Pharaoh Rameses II had Black African features and one sign of that was that his hair was kinky as represented by the coils embossed on his helmet. The Egyptian King Sewosret who colonized Greece was the founder of Athens. The civilization of Cush existed for thousands of years B.C. From 3,300-2,200 B.C., the A, B, and Pan Group developed to form Iron making, trade, and commerce. The Kerma culture arose in 1800 B.C. One of its most prominent construction was the deffulfas which were massive towers made of mud bricks to store goods. Kerma, Meroe, and other cities in Cush had pyramids, gold trading, and elaborate forms of government to flourish. In Nubia, the black Nubians created an alphabet called the Meriotic script in the time of B.C. Piye (Piankhy or the living one) in 724-660 B.C., Shabaka (660 B.C.) Tannetamani (698-653 B.C.), and other kings ruled the land. Piankhi was famous for conquering lands from Nubia to the mouth of the Nile River. The black man Taharka (698-690 B.C. and mentioned in the

Bible) was a famous king who ruled Egypt. He was also called Taharqa. Taharqa was the son and third successor of King Piye. Some classified him as the greatest of the Nubian pharaohs.

These images of the Black Nubians existed from Tomb of Huy from about 1342-1333 BC.

King Taharqa empire even expanded up the Mediterranean Sea to as far as Spain. King Taharqa of the 25th Dynasty of Egypt was one of the ancient world’s greatest military tacticians. Queens came along as well like Teritekas (30 B.C.) and in the time of the Romans, they were called the Cancades. Axum came in ca. 500 B.C. at Ethiopia where many of them came from Saudi Arabia and migrated to Africa. They spoke in wrote in the language of Ge'ez. In their sophisticated agricultural system, they domesticated crops like coffee, grains, okra, etc. Before Axum, many tribes and kingdom existed in Ethiopia.

The Black African Presence in ancient Asia is important to investigate. James

Brunson said that the first Emperor of China’s Xia Dynasty was a wholly haired black man named Fu-His (who lived from 2953 B.C.-2838 B.C.). In Southeast Asia and southern China, ancient skeletal remains represented the earliest inhabitants to be Austroloids and Negrillo/Negrito. H. Imbert, a French scholar in 1928 in Les Negritos de Chine, observed that "In the first epochs of Chinese history, the Negrito type peopled all the south of this country and even the island of Hainan, as we have attempted to prove in our study on the Negritos, or black men of the land.” There are many references to these Negritos in Chinese literature. According to T. De Lacoperie, the Chinese first met these tribes in 2116 BC, when they advanced eastwards of the great southern bend of the Yellow River. They are spoken of in the Zhou Li, composed under the Zhou dynasty (1122-249 BC), as "black and oily skinned." Negroid skeletons dating to the early periods of Southern Chinese history have been found in Shangdong, Jiantung, Sichuan, Yunnan, Pearl River delta and Jiangxi especially at the initial sites of Chingliengang (Ch’ing-lien-kang) and Mazhiabang (Ma chiapang) phases (see: K.C. Chang, The archaeology of ancient China, (Yale University Press:New Haven,1977) p.76). K. C. Chang is the late John E. Hudson Professor of Anthropology at Harvard University, was the author of many books, including The Archaeology of Ancient China, published by Yale University Press. Chang wrote that in ancient times that, “The skeletal remains from southern China are predominately negroid.” (Chang 1964, p.70). Kwang-chih Chang, writing in the 4th edition of Archaeology of ancient China (1986) wrote that:" by the beginning of the Recent (Holocene) period the population in North China and that in the southwest and in Indochina had become sufficiently differentiated to be designated as Mongoloid and OCEANIC NEGROID races respectively...."(p.64). By the Upper Pleistocene the Negroid type was typified by the Liuchiang skulls from Yunnan (Chang, 1986, p.69). The actual sub-heading of Prof. Wei ChuHsien paper, A SEARCH FOR THE REMAINS OF PREHISTORIC CIVILIZATION IN SOUTH-EAST CHINA in the Hong Kong Naturalist is titled, “ANCESTORS OF YIN TRIBE WERE BLACK.“ Back then and today millions of Blacks live in isolated parts of Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, China, the Philippines, Australia, Melanesia, and the rest of the Pacific Isles. Ivan Van Sertima and Runoko Rashidi wrote a book called "The African Presence." It shows sources, images, documents, and other pieces of facts to prove that a black presence was in ancient Mesopotamia, ancient India, China, and the Pacific region of the world from ancient times into the present time. The Agta are Black people who live in the Philippines (there are also the Negritos of Southeast Asia and other tribes living in the Northern Islands). Black Negritoes flourished in the Andaman Islands. Papua New Guinea had black in the Western part of the island, yet Papua New Guinea is facing racism and genocide. Eugene Chen was a famous political figure. He was the Minsiter of Foreign Affairs for China in 1927. He was born in Trinidad, West Indies in 1878 (as of African/Chinese descent). He was a secretary to Dr. Sun Yat Sen, who was the first President of the Republic of China. There was a Black African presence in Britain: “Excerpt from J.A. Rodgers - Sex and Race: 'Were the first Britons, Negroes? There is considerable evidence that the might have been. Grimaldi relics have been dug up in England. 1 Very ancient huts, strikingly like those of Africa and the South Seas have been unearthed at Glastonbury. Ring money of the kind used by the Negroes of Sudan to pay tribute to the Pharaohs, which is still being hammered out by African goldsmiths, has also been found. 2 Blue beads of 1500 to 1200BC, that are common in the Egyptian ruins, have been found in considerable numbers in the Stonehenge district. [See article on Druids].3'

In regards to color - J.A. Rodgers quotes Tacitus, a Roman historian of 80AD: 'The dark complexion and the unusual curly hair' of the Silures or Black Celts, who occupied England together with the 'fair-skinned, fair-haired' people. He believes the Black Celts migrated from Spain [pre-Moors]. According to Gerald Massey in his book ' A Book of Beginnings' to the Egyptian origins of the British Isles' He thinks that Stonehenge, the most famous ancient monument in England, was built by a Negro architect, named Morien. [that is Mor or Moor, from the ancient Egyptian]. JA Rogers also writes that:

"David McRitchie, a folklorist and researcher of British history - says' the best proofs of the Negro origins of some of the noble (blue-blood) British families are 'the thick lipped Moors' on their Coat of Arms. Some families are still named MOORE or MOHR, or MOOR. Berry 's encyclopedia Heraldia says; ' Moor's head is the heraldic term for the head of a black or Negro man,' (Sex and Race, pg 198)." JA Rogers was a great author writing researching on real Black History since 1915. Here’s another source on this issue: 'He says, as a Negro is still known as Morien in English [British tongue], may not this indicate that Morien belonged to the black race, the Kushite [African] builders?' The word 'moor' is derived from Latin 'maures' meaning black. Maurice, Morris, Morrero, Moore, Maureen, Morien, Mary, Marie are the names of ancient African people in Europe. Also; Blackwell, Blackwood, Cole, Coker, Lenoir, Brown refer to Black people. Coke is a derivative of Coal. Old King Cole was a merry Black Soul. From the same root we derive: Maur, Maurus, Marra, Moro, Morisco, Mohr, Moritz, Moor, Moru, Maru, Morelo, Maureta, Mauretania, Morocco, Maurice, Morien, Morin, Moryan, Moreto, and so on….BTW: Ashan is also the word used for Jerusalem and it's environs after the destruction and dispersion in 70AD - The Ashan tribe or Ashan-Ti of Ghana derived their name from this even, since they were part of the tribe of Hebrews that ran from the destruction and relocated in what is now Ghana, Africa” (From www.essaysbyekowa.com/black_Britian.htm) Plus, Gerald Massey (a poet and Egyptologist), Godfrey Higgins (who traced religious origins), and David McRitchie (who worked from folklore) are archaeologists who found data of Blacks in Ancient Britain. Moors in Scotland came as late as 827-1016 A.D. They were written about in McRitchie’s “Ancient and Modern Britians” Also in J.A. Rogers’s Sex and Race, Vol. 1, there were wholly haired black leaders as the paramount king of Transmarine, Scotland. The British writer Peter Fryer

argues in his interesting book; Staying Power: The History of Black People in Britain, that blacks had been performing at the Scottish court from 1501. In 1507, Moors were at the court of King James IV of Scotland. Ellen More acted in a main tournament of the black Knight and the Black Lady. There were blacks in Sicily and Italy in the middle Ages like Allesandro, the DeMedici Duke of Florence (1510-1534). Allesandro was a biracial child of an African serving woman (a slave) and the 17 year old Cardinal Giulio de Medici (Pope Clement VII). This black African woman was identified in documents as Simonetta da Collavechio. Allesandro was a patron of the leading artists in the area and the first duke of Florence. He was the first black head of state in the modern Western World.

Four African musicians were invited to the marriage of Princess Ann of Denmark in Oslo in November 23, 1589. Many black people in Europe worked with royalty as far as Russia. Some European royalty even today are related to many black people even.

This is a Black man who lived in early Rome. Roman paintings and statuary, like a small statuette from the third century A.D. depict men and women with African features. There was also a Black presence in Rome. Even in ancient Greece, there was the mention of Memmon, who was the black Ethopian King of the Illiad story. The Illiad was a fictional story written by the Greek author Homer. In the story, Memmon came to the aid of Priam at Troy with a noble character. In a battle, Memon slays Antilochus, then, in one of the more

sympathetic moments of the epic, Memmon spares Antilochus's defenseless father. Greco-Roman writers described the black Ethiopians as noble and trustworthy. There were so many blacks in ancient Rome that in 61 B.C., Nero allowed only blacks into the theater to watch 100 Ethiopian huntsmen perform (according to scholar Frank Snowden). Many black Africans in the Roman empire would be craftsmen, boxers, acrobats, actors, soldiers, business people, and even government officials. This is similar to the variety of jobs black people have today in the United States of America (which is similar to ancient Rome in numerous ways). Intermarriage among black people (who were called Ethiopians and Moors by the ancient Romans) and ancient Romans were common like in America today. Some ancient Romans supported it and other disapproved (one ancient Roman who disagreed with it was the racist Claudian. He lived from 365 – 408 AD.) of it like in America. Nothing is new under the sun indeed. According to Yosef-Ben Jochanan, Septimus Severus was an indigenous African (a Black Man). Septimus died in York at February 211 A.D. Africans had many contributions to Rome. There were far more Africans in the Roman Empire than what is shown indeed. The ancient Greeks and Romans did not display any hardcore race prejudice as is evidenced today in America (with exceptions of course like slavery, etc.). Juvenal of the ancient Roman Empire was a racist against black people. Anti-Semitism expressed against Jewish people were done by Emperors Cladius and Tiberius who expelled Jewish people from Rome. Ancient Rome has Britons, Celts, Gauls, Teutons,

Slavs, Spaniards, black people, and others from across the world.

This well-preserved coin depicting a black man, circa 208-207 BC, and dated by some at 217 BC., was found in the Chiana (Clanis) valley. This coin was in circulation in the vicinity of Lake Trasimeno and in the Chiana Valley. Could this be the face of Hannibal?

Here’s more information describing this vital topic: “On the contrary, some were writers, generals, philosophers, and emperors (a good example of a Roman general was Septimius Serverus, whom the Antiochene chronicler, John Malalas, said was dark-skinned). Moreover, a number of African slaves in Rome became prominent citizens and contributed to Roman culture. The African in the Roman Empire worked, lived without fear of racial animosity, entertained, and in many respects worshipped the same gods at the same place of worship together with other slaves, servants and freedmen. Seneca, the Roman statesman, philosopher, and intellectual said that among his own people the African's color was not noticeable… Tiro, an African born a slave about the year 103 B. C. in Arpium, a city of Latium. He was born on the estate of Cicero, the Roman statesman and lawyer. In fact, it was Tiro who invented shorthand. When Cicero, who was still his slave master died, Tiro opened a shorthand school in Rome. He died in 4 B. C. Terence, another African was born about 190 B. C. He was sent to Rome as a slave and was bought by a Roman Senator, Terentius Lucanus, who named Terence after him. He was emancipated because of his extraordinary talents. He wrote six plays and his works were studied with great interest. He was/is highly regarded as one of the greatest humanists of all time. He wrote: "Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto" (I am a man and nothing human is alien to me). Terence died in 159 B. C. Fronto was another exceptional African writer; he taught the Roman Emperor, Marcus Aurelius, who was up to a point depicted accurately in the movie. There was Apuleius another African writer, and Slavius Julians, an African who edited the Paraetorian Edict. On another note as it relates to our

subject, Lusius Quietus was one of Rome's greatest African generals (in the movie it is Maximus, he was of minor significance). Quietus served under Emperor Trajan. The Emperor named him his successor to the Imperial Purple. Quietus and other African soldiers defended the Dacians. Moreover, when the Jews revolted, Trajan sent Quietus to suppress the revolt, which he did with extreme severity. The Jews called the rebellion "The War of Quietus." Similarly, African soldiers distinguished themselves under the reign of Emperor Diocletian. Interestingly, at least ten Africans became Emperors of Rome. They are listed on the historical record as the following: Macrinu, Firmus, Emilianus, Septimius Serverus, Pescennius Niger, Aquilus Niger, Brutidius Niger, Q. Caecilus Niger, Novius Niger, and Trebius Niger who was a proconsul in Spain… Africans were authorities on medicine and they were often quoted by Caelius Aurelianus and Galen. Other noted Africans were Domituis Afer, orator, Arnobius Afer, Christian writer; and Victorianus Afer, a scholar of rhetoric whose statue was erected in the forum of Emperor Trajan…” (“Africans Contributions to Rome” by Adib Rashad at June 13, 2001 From http://www.raceandhistory.com/historicalviews/rome.htm)

The following website talks about African Emperors and other Africans in the Roman Empire: “.."Interestingly, at least ten Africans became Emperors of Rome. They are listed on the historical record as the following: Macrinu, Firmus, Emilianus, Septimius Serverus, Pescennius Niger, Aquilus Niger, Brutidius Niger, Q. Caecilus Niger, Novius Niger, and Trebius Niger who was a proconsul in Spain. Africans were authorities on medicine and they were often quoted by Caelius Aurelianus and Galen. Other noted Africans were Domituis Afer, orator, Arnobius Afer, Christian writer; and Victorianus Afer, a scholar of rhetoric whose statue was erected in the forum of Emperor Trajan...Fronto was another exceptional African writer; he taught the Roman Emperor, Marcus Aurelius, who was up to a point depicted accurately in the movie Gladiator. There was Apuleius another African writer, and Slavius Julians, an African who edited the Paraetorian Edict." (From http://www.edofolks.com/html/pub68.htm) Lloyd A. Thompson wrote a book called “Romans and Blacks” describing the history of black people in the ancient Roman Empire also. Jerome and Sophronius in the 4th century A.D. called Colchis a second Ethiopia because of its large black population. Here’s more facts on the black Presence in the Greco-Roman world according to scholar Frank Snowden: “…The

exact number of Ethiopians who entered the Greco-Roman world as a result of varied military, diplomatic, and commercial activity is difficult to determine, but all the evidence suggests a sizable Ethiopian element, especially in the population of the Roman world….The black population in Greece and Italy was larger than has been generally realized…” (Snowden, 183, 184)

The person on the left is Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin. The person on the right is the black man Abram Petrovich Gannibal, who was Alexander’s great-grandfather.

The African Presence in Russia is interesting to discuss about. African presence in Russia and its surrounding regions existed in the ancient past. I didn’t even realize this information until a few years ago. There are more account of Black Colchians. In 522-443 B.C., a Greek poet named Pindar described the Colchians, whom Jason and the Argonauts fought, as being "dark skinned.” Apparently, in 1912, a Russian natualist by the name of V.P. Vradii found a small colony of Black people in the area of Batumi, which is on the southwestern coast of Georgia in Southern Russia. Vraddi noticed that they were quite black in skin color and had very African features, while others were mixed with black and Russian. Vradii published a book about the Black tribe called, Kavkaz. After the publishing of his book, reports of other Black populations around the Black Sea began to flood local media. As other scholars began to travel the land, here in modern times, they too began reporting tribes of Black populations. There is another source on this information:

"Passing for the first time through the Abkhazian community of Abzhiubzha... I was struck by the purely tropical landscape: Against the background of a bright green primeval jungle there stood huts and sheds built of wood and covered with reeds; curlyheaded Negro children played on the ground and a Negro woman passed by grandly

carrying a bundle on her head. Black-skinned people wearing white clothes in the bright sun resembled a picture of some African scene." (Allison Blakely, Russia and the Negro: Blacks in history and Thought, Howard University Press, Washington, DC, 1986, p.78). Moreover, a black Colchian writer, historian, and ethnographer, Dmitri Gulia (1874-1960) asserted that his peoples heritage stemed from Sesostris. He published a book called, History of Abkhazia, which shows that the black Colchian people of Southern Russia were really an Abyssinaian people of Egypt. he proves this by putting together a vast array of Abkhazian words that matched that of ancient Egypt. He also chronicles "family names, names of rivers and mountains, anems of pre-Christian deities, and much more." (Poe, 58). Alexander Pushkin is a famous author in Russia (whose name in Russian is АлексаJндр СергеJевич ПуJшкин). A.V. Lunacharsky said that: “Pushkin was the Russian spring. Pushkin was the Russian morning. Pushkin was the Russian Adam." Alexander Sergeievich Pushkin was born in Moscow, Russia. Pushkin's great-grandfather, a page raised by Peter the Great (who lived from 1682 to 1725), was Abram Petrovich Gannibal, who was born in Eritrea. Major-General Abram Petrovich Gannibal was a Black African Prince who was brought to Russia by Peter the Great and became major-general, military engineer and governor of Reval. He is perhaps best known today as the great-grandfather of Alexander Pushkin, who wrote an unfinished novel about him, Peter the Great's Negro. In an unfinished work, The Moor of Peter the Great, Pushkin paid great homage to his illustrious ancestor, repeatedly referring to Hannibal as "the Moor", "the Black" and the "African." Gannibal’s first wife was Evdokia Dioper, a Greek woman. Alexander is a patriarch of Russian literature. In his day, most Russian writers composed their writers in French. Feodor Dostoevsky wrote that, "No Russian writer was ever so intimately at one with the Russian people as Pushkin." Maxim Gorky wrote that, "Pushkin is the greatest master in the world. Pushkin, in our country, is the beginning of all beginnings. He most beautifully expressed the spirit of our people." I. Turgeniev wrote that, "Pushkin alone had to perform two tasks which took whole centuries and more to accomplish in other countries, namely to establish a language and to create a literature."

According to N.A. Dobrolyubuv: "Pushkin is of immense important not only in the history of Russian literature, but also in the history of Russian enlightenment. He was the first to teach the Russian public to read." Czar Nicholas I even hated and fear Pushkin, but called him the most intelligent man in Russia. Pushkin wanted to have social reform and that was why he was exiled from Russia. The Czars back then were apparently pro-authoritarian. Alexander Pushkin made many works like Eugene Onegin, the Ode to Liberty, the Captian’s Daughter, and Boris Godunf. To this day, bronze images of Pushkin exist around Moscow and St. Petersburg. His portraits are everywhere. Pushkin died on January 29, 1837 from a duel in defending his honor. In 1937, the town of Tsarskoe Selo was renamed Pushkin in his honor. Today, many black people still live in the nation of Russia.

Antarah ibn-Shaddad al Absi was a famous poet. He was a black man that lived in the Arabian Peninsula. His father was an Arabic person and his mother was an black Ethiopian mother. He is a famous figure in history. He supported heroism and chivalry. He believed in protecting the weak and the oppression while protecting women. He was a famous Knight as well. His poetry dealt with the subjects of war and love. Antarah wasn’t ashamed of being black. He wrote that: “…In blackness there is great virtue, if you will but observe its beauty…Black embergis has the purest fragrance…” He died in 615 A.D. The Eastern world was influenced by the stories from Antarah. The essence of his chivalry spread into Europe, Africa, and Asia. There were many Black people in the Arabic cultural history. There was the poet in the court of Baghdad named Abu Dulama Ibn Al Djaun from the 8th century. He went into Spain in 822 A.D. to reside in the court of Cordoba. There was the Ibn Durray, and others. I’m not naïve either. I don’t agree with the slavery being perpetrating by radical Muslims against people in Africa at all. A black person should embrace their black heritage period without terrorism in Darfur. Yet, big contributions were made by black people in Saudi Arabia though.

Now, here's some history of Sub-Saharan Africa. Western Africa had many advanced civilizations. The culture of Nok came about in Ghana in the time of 200 B.C. Nok was definitely composed of complex artwork and various tools for resources. Benin and Ghana came up by ca. 200 A.D. The origins of Ghana existed in the time between 600 B.C. and 400 B.C. according to scholar Basil Davidson. Kings in Ghana settled disputes among different clans. He was the supreme leader in military affairs, religious rituals, and other parts of the atmosphere of the nation. A Moorish nobleman named Al Barki (from the 1000’s A.D.) described the Ghanaian King as setting near gold and plenty of horses. Ghanaian typically refused to convert to Islam, but they had a cordial

relationship with Muslim merchants. They offered Islamic legal advice. The ancient Kingdom of Ghana traded in plenty of items like cotton cloth, metal ornaments, and leather goods. Of course, the gold and salt trade was a vital resource in Ghana’s trade procedures. Ibn Hawkal once called the King of Ghana the richest soverign on Earth with reserves of gold, 1,000 horses (with their own supplies), etc.

Al Barki (El Berki) described Ghana's city of Aoudaghast as: "A very large city with several markets, many date palms and henna trees as big as olives, filled with fine houses and solid buildings." (Davidson, Basil. The Lost Cities of Africa. Boston: Little Brown, 1959, 84) In 1067 A.D., Al Barki also described the king Ghana possessing the capability of putting 200,000 warriors in the field (with more than 20,000 of them being armed with bows and arrows). In ancient times, Africa was a rich land full of Kings and Queens of renown indeed. One was Tenkamenin of Ghana. His reign was from 1037 to 1075 A.D. He instituted religious tolerance, he promoted the great gold trade across the Sahara desert, and promoted justice in Ghana. Timbuktu was a large city with an University where scholars from around the world went into during the Middle Ages. King Askia Toure King of Songhay (from 1493-1529) had a historical record of efficiency and administrative genius. Mahnud Ka'ti wrote, "the great men

of the Songhay were versed in the art of war. They were very brave, very bold and most expert in the deployment of military stratagems." (Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century/ editor, D.T. Niane [London; Heinemann Educational Books; Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984], 200). During the Middle Ages, Donald Levine and Almeida described the Ethiopians as "very amenable to reason and justice…intelligent and good natured…mild, gentle, kind…" (Hunwick, John, "Black Africans in the Islamic world: an understudied dimension of the Black Diaspora," Tarikh 5.4, 27). A Portuguese chronicler described an ambassador from Benin as, "a man of good speech and natural wisdom." (Lost Cities, 136). Here’s another source on West African history: "The Negroes are of all peoples those who most abhor injustice…Complete and general safety one enjoys throughout the land (Mali Empire in West Africa)." -Ibn Battua, 14th century Arab scholar who had traveled to China, India, East Africa, North Africa, and finally Mali (Davidson, Basil. African Kingdoms. New York: Time, Inc., 1966, 82) El Berki, writing in 1067 about the City of Aoudaghast in Ghana recorded that it is, "A very large city with several markets, many date palms and henna trees as big as olives, filled with fine houses and solid buildings." King Alfonso I of the Kongo (who reigned from 1506 to 1540) made his area to possess advanced knowledge and technology. Although a Roman Catholic, He opposed the slave trade because many European powers worked with traitorous native African tribes to kidnap people for slavery.

Writing in 1622 about the Kingdom of Benin, a Dutchman, Olfert Dapper, recorded that, "These Negroes…are people who have good laws and a well-organized police; who live on good terms with the Dutch and other foreigners who come to trade among them, and to whom they show a thousand marks of friendship." (African Kingdoms, 104). There is the man named Jose Vasconcelos. He was born of African Congo parents in Almologna, Mexico in

ca. 1710. He wrote works that were so popular that they have entered greatly in the Mexican literature lexicon. In fact, most African Americans who live in America today are descendants of the West Africans (especially among the tribes of the Yoruba, Benin, in the national of Senegal, etc.).

This is Johannesburg, South Africa in the 21st Century Malcolm X (he was a man so far ahead of his time. He predicted a lot of things occurring today. Malcolm X was definitely vigorously strong until the end of his life. Brother Malcolm X was so ahead of his time that some of his words read like a newspaper in 2010. He never sugarcoated his views at all even after he left Mecca) said in January of 1965 that: “…But those of us who come here, come here because we not only see the importance of having an understanding of things local and things national, but we see today the importance of having an understanding of things international, and where our people, the AfroAmericans in this country, fit into that scheme of things, where things international are concerned. We come out because our scope is broad, our scope is international rather than national, and our interests are international rather than national. Our interests are worldwide rather than limited just to things American, or things New York, or things Mississippi. And this is very important…And I've got to point out right here that what I'm saying is not racist. I'm not speaking racism, I'm not condemning all white people. I'm just saying that in the past the white world was in power, and it was. This is history, this is fact. They called it European history, or colonialism…And the average Black American who has been real brain-washed, he never wants to be accused of being emotional. You ever watched them? You ever watched one of them? Do that. Watch them, watch the real

bourgeois Black Americans. He never wants to show any sign of emotion. He won't even tap his feet. You can have some of that real soul music, and he'll sit there, you know, like it doesn't move him. [Laughter] I watch him, and I'm telling you. And the reason he tries to pretend like it doesn't move him is that he knows it doesn't move them. And it doesn't move them because they can't feel it, they've got no soul. And he's got to pretend he has none just to make it with them. This is a shame, really. And then you go a step farther, they get you again on this violence. They have another trap wherein they make it look criminal if any of us, who has a rope around his neck or one is being put around his neck—if you do anything to stop the man from putting that rope around your neck, that's violence. And again this bourgeois Negro, who's trying to be polite and respectable and all, he never wants to be identified with violence. So he lets them do anything to him, and he sits there submitting to it nonviolently, just so he can keep his image of responsibility. He dies with a responsible image, he dies with a polite image, but he dies. [Laughter] The man who is irresponsible and impolite, he keeps his life. That responsible Negro, he'll die every day, but if the irresponsible one dies he takes some of those with him who were trying to make him die….But the Black man by nature is a builder, he is scientific by nature, he's mathematical by nature. Rhythm is mathematics, harmony is mathematics. It's balance. And the Black man is balanced. Before you and I came over here, we were so well balanced we could toss something on our head and run with it. You can't even run with your hat now [Laughter]— you can't keep it on. Because you lost your balance. You've gotten away from yourself. But when you are in tune with yourself, your very nature has harmony, has rhythm, has mathematics. You can build. You don't even need anybody to teach you how to build. You play music by ear. You dance by how you're feeling. And you used to build the same way. You have it in you to do it. I know Black brickmasons from the South who have never been to school a day in their life. They throw more bricks together and you don't know how they learned how to do it, but they know how to do it. When you see one of those other people doing it, they've been to school— somebody had to teach them. But nobody teaches you always what you know how to do. It just comes to you. [Applause] That's what makes you dangerous. When you come to yourself, a whole lot of other things will start coming to you, and the man knows it…And actually Caucasoid, Mongoloid, and Negroid—there's no such thing. These are so-called anthropological terms that were put together by anthropologists who were nothing but agents of the colonial powers, and they were purposely given that status, [Applause] they were purposely given such scientific positions, in order that they could come up with definitions that would justify the European domination over the Africans and the Asians…So all of this Carthage, Sumerian, Dravidian, Egyptian, Ethiopian history took place B.C., before Christ. In this era that you and I are living in after Christ, right in West Africa, one of the most highly developed civilizations was Ghana. Ghana wasn't located where she is today geographically, she wasn't limited to that geographic location. She covered pretty much a great portion of West Africa, and dates the early history of that empire at almost up to the time of the birth of Christ. And it was a highly developed civilization, highly developed society, that prevailed right up until I think around the eleventh century, or perhaps it went out

of existence as an empire just before the tenth or the eleventh century. But this was an empire in Africa that was the source of gold and ivory; and other art objects, what would be called today art objects or items of luxury, came from Ghana. They had one of the most highly developed governmental systems, tax systems, cultures, period, at that time when people in Europe— When President Nkrumah (he wasn't president then, I don't think) visited New York (I think it was in 1959; Harriman was governor) they had a banquet for him downtown, which I attended. Governor Harriman, Abe Stark, Mayor Wagner, all of them were there. At one point when they were introducing Nkrumah, they were congratulating him. I remember Abe Stark said this: That Nkrumah comes from Ghana, a country which was highly civilized, wearing silks, at a time when we, he said, up in Europe, were painting ourselves blue. Pick up on that. Abe Stark at that time was right under Wagner, and he's Jewish, which means he knows a whole lot of Black history, and here he was admitting that a civilization existed in Africa, where you and I came from, that was so highly developed that the people were wearing silks when his people, the Europeans, were up in the caves painting themselves blue…The so-called liberal element of the white power structure never wants to see nationalists involved in anything that has to do with civil rights. And I'll tell you why. Any other Black people who get involved are involved within the rules that are laid down by the white liberals. And as long as they are involved within those rules, then that means they're only going to go as far as the liberal element of the power structure will endorse their activity. But when the nationalistic-minded Blacks get involved, then we do what our analysis tells us is necessary to be done, whether the white liberal or anybody else likes it or not. So, they don't want us involved…There's a place for them, there's some work that they can do. I'm not saying cut them out—there's something that they can do. But I say, find out what the whites can do, and let them do that; and find out what we can do, and we'll do that. Let them go their way; you take the low road and we'll take the high road, and so on and so forth. [Applause]…Still, when I see a Black man knocked in the mouth, I feel it, because it could happen to you or me. And if I was there with King and I saw someone knocking on him, I'd come to his rescue. I would be misrepresenting myself if I made you think I wouldn't. Yes, and then I'd show him, see, he's doing it the wrong way—this is the way you do it. [Applause]…Okay, I say let's get involved. But let's get involved all the way. Let's don't get involved in a compromise way. That doesn't mean we're going to get involved in just anything. But a man has a right to vote, a man has a right to be registered. In areas, especially in the South, where our people outnumber whites, if they were registered they could put all the whites out of office. But you know, this is between you and me, I just want to say—between you and me, and the stool pigeons present [Laughter and applause]—even here in Harlem, where we have the right to register and vote, we don't register and vote. If all the people in Alabama could register and vote, they probably wouldn't register and vote. So, you see, you have to have a multiple program, a many-pronged program. And so when I say that we're for that, that doesn't mean that we're not for some other things, too. It takes a many-pronged program to get this problem solved….”

Dr. Martin Luther King corrected outlined that a revolutionary embrace of real values is pristine answer to our fundamental complications among our people (and all of humanity. This speech is called “Beyond Vietnam” and it was delivered on April 4, 1967): “…I am convinced that if we are to get on the right side of the world revolution, we as a nation must undergo a radical revolution of values. We must rapidly begin [applause],

we must rapidly begin the shift from a thing-oriented society to a person-oriented society. When machines and computers, profit motives and property rights, are considered more important than people, the giant triplets of racism, extreme materialism, and militarism are incapable of being conquered. A true revolution of values will soon cause us to question the fairness and justice of many of our past and present policies. On the one hand we are called to play the Good Samaritan on life’s roadside, but that will be only an initial act. One day we must come to see that the whole Jericho Road must be transformed so that men and women will not be constantly beaten and robbed as they make their journey on life’s highway. True compassion is

more than flinging a coin to a beggar. It comes to see that an edifice which produces beggars needs restructuring. [Applause] A true revolution of values will soon look uneasily on the glaring contrast of poverty and wealth. With righteous indignation, it will look across the seas and see individual capitalists of the West investing huge sums of money in Asia, Africa, and South America, only to take the profits out with no concern for the social betterment of the countries, and say: "This is not just." It will look at our alliance with the landed gentry of South America and say: "This is not just." The Western arrogance of feeling that it has everything to teach others and nothing to learn from them is not just. A true revolution of values will lay hands on the world order and say of war: "This way of settling differences is not just." This business of burning human beings with napalm, of filling our nation’s homes with orphans and widows, of injecting poisonous drugs of hate into the veins of peoples normally humane, of sending men home from dark and bloody battlefields physically handicapped and psychologically deranged, cannot be reconciled with wisdom, justice, and love. A nation that continues year after year to spend more money on

military defense than on programs of social uplift is approaching spiritual death. [Sustained applause]…And if we will only make the right choice, we will be able to transform this pending cosmic elegy into a creative psalm of peace. If we will make the right choice, we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our world into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. If we will but make the right choice, we will be able to speed up the day, all over America and all over the world, when justice will roll down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream. [Sustained applause]…” The Kongo Kingdom lasted from the 14th to 17th century. It had a provincial government with an advanced system of checks and balances. The Bornu Kingdom was a long lasting kingdom in Africa. It was renowned and feared for its armored knights and cavalry. The Bornu state resides in Nigeria and the Lake Chad region between the Niger and Nile Rivers. It has a long field of all of the Sudanese states. It lasted from the 700’s A.D. to the 1600’s A.D. It has many Islamic black leaders like Mai Dunama Kebbalemi (1221-1259) . He used military

expansions utilizing Islam as a rationale for his campaigns. Later, Bornu became a world power focusing as an intellectual center of learning. By the 17th century M. Ka'ti (15911655) described Borno as the fourth Sultanate of the world. The people of Borno were metal workers that grew copper, bronze, iron, and jewelry. B.M. Barkindo tells us, "was also becoming a great centre of learning visited by scholars from the Bilad al Sudan (black Africa) and other parts of the Muslim world." Basil Davidson writes that, "Arrayed in armor like medieval European knights, the cavalrymen of Bornu terrorized the central Sudan for more than 200 years, attacking in close formation to the shrill sound of long war trumpets. As early as the 16th Century, Europeans had heard about Bornu's yearly marches." (The Heritage of World Civilizations: Volume One: To 1650, 4th ed. Editor, Owen, Cralyce. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Simon & Shuster, 1997, 505). Bornu was certainly an advanced black African civilization indeed. El Masudi, a 10th century Iraqi historian recorded that the Zang, a black people in East and South Africa, "are elegant speakers."

There is also the great black civilization of Zimbabwe in Africa. There were a small number of Iron Age people living in Zimbabwe by the 300’s A.D. Bigger settlements existed by the Middle Ages from the 1000’s to the 1300’s. In the 1300’s, Zimbabwe became a powerful kingdom. Gold of course was a major source of wealth as they traded with Africans, Arabic people, and others. There was the development of cattle there as well. From about the late twelfth century," Peter Garlake tells us, "diversification, expansion, affluence, and a concomitant of these, increased social, economic and functional specialization took place in both cultures so that in the end, entire settlements could, like areas within sites, be built and used for limited functions by certain groups or clusters of people." (Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century/ editor, D.T. Niane (London; Heinemann Educational Books; Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984), 533). The territory of Zimbabwe back then reached from the Zambezi River to Transvaal. Their architecture was complex:

“All serious scholars now perceive Great Zimbabwe as an essentially African development, built of local raw material and according to architectural principles that have endured from the use of these media over many centuries." ~B.M. Fagan, Oxford Archeologist Zimbabwe’s stonewalls were well constructed and had sophisticated drystone masonry. Great Zimbabwe is a sixty acre site having 2 massive stone structures. There was a royal palace and a fort. An Acropolis existed or a succession of stone buildings on a high hill that overlooked a much larger enclose (which was called the elliptical building). The elliptical building is over 300 ft long and 220 ft wide-somewhat larger than a football field. In 1929, Gertrude Caton-Thompson was the first to conclusively state that the site was indeed created by Africans. Archaeologists generally agree that the builders probably spoke one of the Shona languages, and so were members of the Bantu family. There are racists and others who believe that Phoenicians or Semites created the structures, which are lies. As noted by Connah, "There was never any doubt about its African origins in the minds of those who real understood the archaeological evidence.” The Heritage of World Civilization, a book compiled by Harvard and Yale historians, asserts that the, "civilization was a purely African one sited far enough inland never to have felt the impact of Islam." (The Heritage of World Civilizations: Volume One: To 1650, 4th ed. Editor, Owen, Cralyce. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Simon & Shuster, 1997, 512). The ancient Zimbabwe civilization ended by the 1500’s mostly believe people migrated up north (because of land exhaustion), Portuguese colonialism, and other reasons. Zimbabwe, Ghana, Songhai, and other Kingdoms remain as some of the most complex civilizations in the ancient world. Also, these areas are a testimony to the great, advance civilizations of sub-Saharan Africa. Many passages from the Talmud and from other racists contributed to promoting the lie that being black was a curse. The Talmud was an interpretation of the Torah, but it is highly contrary to what the Torah states on many levels. Religious people form across the spectrum have criticized the Talmud’s contents. Colonialism against Africa didn't just occur by Europeans. Many Asian and Arabic people stole land in Africa and made slaves of black Africans as well back in the 700's A.D. European colonialism were more entrenched in the African continent with the British, French, German, Dutch, Belgium, and other nations lusting after the continent’s resources . These criminal colonists and imperialists later in the 20th century tried to glamorize their savage behavior. The good news is that now, we (me and people of other backgrounds & from across the political spectrum. I believe in loving my own people and all people too) know that this imperialist criminal activity has no justification at all. The evilness and vileness of population control is still promoted in Africa now in 2009. Steven Ranson wrote an article entitled, "AIDS and Population Control," in describing this problem succinctly. The deal is that pharmaceutical industries are trying to promoting cheap drugs under the guise of "helping" the suffering people of Africa (including the fight against AIDS). Yet, the catch is that sterilization, abortion, and population control is promoted in the process. Some of the drugs in Africa and other Third world nations are toxic in their cosmology. The World Bank and the IMF are using this same catch of population control under the guise of using loans to Third World nations. Many Africans are suffering through very treatable diseases. One of the old international bankers involved in these actions was population control adherent J.D. Rockefeller. Bill Gates. Steven writes: "...The Durban 2000 AIDS conference, held on July 9-14th 2000, had the funding of fifteen sponsors, eleven of whom are pharmaceutical industries and/organizations who have a direct interest in population control. That the Ford Foundation was one of the sponsors of Durban 2000 will come as little surprise to readers au fait with the population control 'league of

friends'. They are billed on their web-site as 'providing grants and loans to projects that strengthen democratic values, reduce poverty and injustice, promote international cooperation, and advance human achievement....Whilst The Ford Foundation funds a number of worthwhile projects across the globe, it also funds various 'reproductive health' programs that do not best serve the interests of the recipient. Also, the Ford Foundation's longstanding links with the Rockefeller Institute, coupled with its own history of CIA collaboration in various destabilization programmes across Africa in the early 1970s, makes the purpose of the corporation's attendance at the Durban convention highly questionable...." I’m not assimilating my blood to a wicked, beast system. It isn't just the Rockefellers involved with this agenda. The Gates Foundation, the Bilderbergers, the IMF, the World Bank, the WHO (or the World Health Organization), the Rothschilds, and others are involved in population control (and economic imperialism against the people of Africa). Kissinger's NSSM 200 from the 1970's blatantly calls for the population control of the Third World (including using food as a weapon to control people). Bill and Melinda Gates support abortion and have giving at least $24 billion to population control activities. Numerous vaccines are dangerous. You can only look at Gardasil to see evidence of this. Bill Gates regularly attends former Communist party boss Mikhail Gorbachev's annual State of the World Forum held at the former Presidio Army base in California. Bill Gates supports Planned Parenthood. The American Life League, a pro-life organization, confronted software mogul Bill Gates years ago. The AFL told him that a World Health Organization (WHO) tetanus vaccination program (undertaken with Gates' sponsorship) bears striking resemblance to a similar WHO program (which was exposed as a measure to involuntarily sterilize young women in the Philippines). Gates has donated $26 million to a WHO tetanus program in several developing countries. Bill Gates is a slick man indeed. Black people in the world have come a long way. Although, we have a long way to go in making a better world for our people. There are still police brutality and murder, unjust imprisonment, neo-imperialism (in the format of cartel, vulture capitalism), depression level unemployment, slave-like labor in prison, and disenfranchisement in the world. The good news is that black people

then and now are trying their best to battle against these problems in order to be true light of hope & determination against evil. Famous and Great Black leaders include Denmark Vessey, David Walker, Henry Highland Garnet, James T. Holly, Martin R. Delany, of course Steve Biko (I saw a movie about him that starred Denzel Washington years ago), Pap Singleton, Edwin McCabe, and Henry McNeal Turner.

Black History Month is important to recognize the contributions among those of black descent indeed. Virgie M. Ammons (he created the fireplace chimney device called a damper to allow smoke upward out of the house), W.A. Lovette (He invented the advanced printing press), W. Johnson, W.B. Purvis (He created the fountain pen and the hand stamp), W. H. Sammons, and dozens of others were great black inventors of various things. It was a black man named Garret A. Morgan who invented the Automatic Traffic Signal in 1923. There are great modern black inventors and scientists today as well. For example, Dr. Philip Emeagwali (a Black Nigerian man) solved 100 math problems in one hour. Dr. Daniel Williams was a Chicago surgeon and he was an African American. He died in 1933 and he was the first person to perform a successful operation on the human heart. The African American inventor from Virginia named Dr. James E. West (with his colleague Gerhard Sessler) invented the Electret Microphone, and a Black American woman who is named Dr. Shriley Jackson made many advances in science and mathematics. Percy Gulian is another famous black American inventor who lived from 1899-1975. He contributed to the preservation of thousands of people’s lives. He found a way to form large amounts of synthetic cortisone. This was formulated in order to alleviate arthritis pain. Only wealthy people could afford cortisone for arthritis before his discovery. Now, Julian’s synthetic cortisone is so cheap and widespread that almost anyone can afford it. He

discovered how to make synthetic physostigmine, which is used to treat glaucoma sufferers. His discoveries of substitutes for male and female hormones are credited with saving the lives of thousands of unborn children and cancer victims. He invented aero-foam, which is used to put out gasoline and oil fires--it proved especially useful during WWII.

I will always love all of the Black Queens forever. You are apart of me and my heritage. Your dignity, tenderness, perseverance, honesty, your lovely souls, and strength are definitely blessings from God. In our generation, there is a revolutionary change growing. Real black people are showing to the world their culture, their self determination, their freedom, and their great history plus legacy. A lot of brothers and sisters worldwide are making businesses, being leaders, and contributing greatly in the world stage. My ancestors came from Africa, so I am a Black African who lives in

America. The famous leaders Malcolm X and Dr. Martin Luther King accurately pointed out that there is nothing immoral about black people acquiring real Power to help their own communities & their people. King was right that love without Power is anemic or weak and Power without love is reckless and abusive. Malcolm X was correct to point out that a person with Power has respect and can build his or her own life’s responsibilities. So, there is nothing wrong with having Power. You show respect to people. Although, you should never allow anyone to patronize you. You never act so-called “respectable” (or “acceptable.” You know what I mean) to the

elite, but we should act honest & real to our people including God. We should love & promote our souls. We should not apologize in expressing our natural soul to the world. When our soul, our intellect, our strength, our spiritual power, and our rhythm come alive, then it causes something great. It‘s like a gunpowder of inspirational power to help ourselves and others. We should help others. Examples of assisting other human beings include: mentoring people, building businesses, have an active role in trying to prevent crime, helping your own people with illnesses (or diseases), going out and educating people on the truth, have compassion for your own people, and other legitimate actions. The relevance of learning about the past is a key avenue in transforming our present and the future. In the end, black unity will grow stronger

Black love is beautiful indeed. I am a total product of a black man and a black woman. Keeping it real is a great philosophy to in the future.

live by. We as human beings have no choice, but to say the truth plain. So, it’s fine to promote black unity, black businesses, black families, and black culture, so there is less dependence on the wicked establishment (and more improvement to black people in general).

As the Sister Fannie Lou Hammer mentioned:

“…Whether you have a Ph.D., or no D, we're in this bag together. And whether you're from Morehouse or Nohouse, we're still in this bag together. Not to fight to try to liberate ourselves from the men -- this is another trick to get us fighting among ourselves -- but to work together with the black man, then we will have a better chance to just act as human beings, and to be treated as

human beings in our sick society…” “…It’s quite a few people, black people in Sunflower County that have young people that’s no married with children. But these are still our children. And we still love these children. And after these babies are born we are not going to disband these children from our families, because these are other lives…God breathed life into them just like he did into us. And I think these children have the right to live. And I think that these mothers have a right to try to support these children in a decent way…” "Nobody's free until everybody's free…I‘m fighting for human rights" One of the many lessons about the sister Fannie Lou Hamer is that you don’t have to be a man to fight for freedom. You can be a human being and desire the necessity of justice. Many believe in order to fight Africa's poverty is a return to basics. There needs to be a promotion of modernization in Africa, real trade, economic liberty and the promotion of real, personal liberty to those that are suffering. There is nothing wrong with voluntarily sending money and aid to help Africa. Yet, if a comprehensive solution isn't done, money will only have a limited reach to develop the continent of Africa. Now, there is some good news in Africa. Far too often, the mainstream media and other factions would focus too much on the negative news going on in Africa. There are positive news in Africa. According to a study from the United Nations report, in Zimbabwe, there has been a drop in the infection rate among pregnant women from 26% in 2002 to 18% in 2006 (and that abstinence is playing a role in encouraging people to have less casual sex). In nations like Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and others, younger people are reportedly waiting longer to begin having sex. In Cameroon, the UN study says the percentage of children under 15 having sex has dropped from 35% to 14%. Fewer people are dying -- a decline of 200,000 from 2006-2007 -- and new infections dropped by 300,000 last year. "The global HIV epidemic cannot be reversed, and gains in expanding treatment access cannot be sustained, without greater progress in reducing the rate of new HIV infections," the report says. George W. Bush (I don‘t agree with Bush on every issue, so I want to make that clear. George W. Bush used token tactics in claiming that he loved radical changes in Africa) witnessed some improvements in Africa, yet there is still a very long way to go in improving Africa.

There are other positive news in Africa. In

2007, 23 African economies were growing individually at 5% or more; in total 18 non-oil producing African countries have averaged growth of 5.5% between 1995 and 2005. African ingenuity and entrepreneurship attracted a new wave of foreign investment of approximately $30.5 billion in 2007, up from $22 billion in 2006 and just $4 billion in 1995. Inflation in sub-Saharan Africa decreased from 18% in 2000 to approximately 8% in 2008. Senegal, Burkina Faso, and Botswana were among the top ten business climate reformers in the world in 2007-2008. The timeframe of 2010-2020 is now considered the decade of African prosperity by the World Economic Forum. There are rural areas in Africa and urban cities with Internet and other technological marvels. There are also black people living today in Asia, Latin America, Mexico, and all of South Africa. So, I will never forget about those black people as well. Tons of sub-Saharan Africans (who

include whites, blacks, Asians, etc.) possess a high level of contributions in the world whether people believe that or not. It's funny that many folks want to harbor hatred (especially against people of color) by using slick, condescending stereotypes, but rarely offer real solutions to help people the world over. I'm over stupid stereotypes and dehumanization. I'm all for solutions. Tons of believers in God and leaders still exist in Africa. Africans of many colors and ethnic groups in the past, present, and the future will continue to fight for liberty, truth, and justice for all human beings. These are good news. Black people like all people came from leaders and strong, very intelligent human beings that created elaborate contributions in human history. That great legacy

of Africa from the past will continue in the present and the future. I am a man, so I don’t back down from challenge. I fight my own battles on my own. By Timothy

Jewels of Advice of Encouragement from Brothers and Sisters: Lately, I’ve been thinking about something. I envisioned this for weeks. Here are words from brothers and sisters legitimately wanting freedom, unity, and strength for our people. Their words gave me comfort and motivation to do better in my life and to have more black solidarity. I’m a smart man, so I know how the game is played. In my late 20’s, I am beginning to awaken my consciousness on many subjects in my life. I thank God for waking me up, but I have a long way to go in developing my spiritual life. Higher and higher in moral strength, intellectual power, an social power are still credible goals of mine. I hope to finish The Glory of Africa Part 4 in early 2011. By that time, it will discuss more about unsung heroes, more history, more political issues, and other subjects. I want to mention this. My intension here isn’t to promote hatred of other people regardless of what their background or skin color is. I don’t believe in any form of bigotry. Promoting black love, black families, and black culture are apart of common sense. With that being mentioned, I will respect the brothers. I will love forever the essence and great value of black sisters too (including honor black love). Without the black woman, I wouldn’t be born in the Earth. So, black women will always have a special place in my heart. Nothing will change that. It’s describing the views of black people (or my people) on legitimate points. Here are their jewels. The first commentary is from a brother:

“….This is for the brothers to come in and tell what you love about your black women.... Their was a thread made on your behalf, so lets do it right..... I dedicate this thread to my wife and the future black woman in my daughter, and all black women everywhere! ********** A Black Woman's Smile: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rPBH57BWhpE I Love Black Women I LOVE Black women because they are the mothers of our Black future. I love Black women because of their enduring strength, a strength that at times has risen

above the failures of Black fathers. I love their curly hair, their braided hair, their straightened and even kinky hair. I love their full lips and, of course, their brown sugar skin. But most of all, I love Black women because I am the product of a Black woman. Black men are born of Black women and influenced by the Black women in their lives. I have to love Black women in order for me to love myself." D- Angelo Black Love And Unity Forever BAPF ___________________________________________ I appreciate this thread. It makes me feel warm and wonderful!!! Brothers, you are appreciated in our lives... as husbands, sons, brothers, uncles, fathers, lovers...and most of all...OUR FRIENDS AND TEACHERS!!!! Peace -Donalia ______________________________________ Beautiful posts brothers and sisters, and make sure you you show that love and respect, and make it an example to your children, relatives, and any other brother or sister you come across! Black Love And Unity Forever

One thing I adore about Black women is their unconditional love! That's why I plan to make one my wife one day. Lets see. I love their essence. Their beautiful chocolate skin that glows of youthfulness. Strength and resilience. Versatility and diversity.

-Drogba (a Brother) ___________________________________________________ COSIGNS....1,000,000% YOU KNOW IT BRUH! IT'S A BEAUTIFUL THING! *I LOVE SEEING THAT SISTER ON THAT LEVEL...IN THAT PLACE...THE WORLD SEEING HER BEING TREATED LIKE THE QUEEN THAT SHE IS....AND HE CHASED HER...SHE DIDN'T JUST JUMP WHEN HE PURSUED HER... AS IT SHOULD IT! -The Moor ________________________

111Treasury said the following: “…Oh it is too much to tell. I have straight white teeth that give me a lovely smile and I have dimples to add to that smile. I love the fact that I can just go outside and absorb vitamin d without turning red. In the spring and the summer, I love how I can watch the sun rays hit my skin and just make rainbows against the contrast of my

skin. There is a certain flavor that black people have that everyone wants to obtain. It's the Charisma and the happiness we have for being black…”

___________________________________________

I LOVE BLACK WOMEN'S SENSE OF HUMOR... WHEN IT'S INTELLIGENT AND CHARMING...WHEN SHE CAN LAUGH AT LIFE AND ALL OF IT'S UPS AND DOWNS....AND JUST KEEP ON ROLLING! I DEDICATE THIS TO MY QUEEN: *http://www.youtube.com/watch... *SEEING YOUR SMILE IS BETTER THAN SEEING THE MOST BEAUTIFUL SUNRISE OVER THE BLUEST WATER AND THE WHITEST WARMEST SAND IN THE ISLANDS... AND TO HEAR YOU LAUGH BRINGS ME MORE JOY THAN ANY SONG THAT I HAVE EVER HEARD! -The Moor _____________________________

1.a real man will sit down,listen to, and comfort his woman when it hurts.

2. a real man will respect and honors his woman's opinions. 3.a real man will be there for his woman and will make sacrifices twhen she needs him most. 4. a real man will always shelter and provide for his woman and children. -KC Redux ________________________________________ 111Treasury 5 months ago 2 @ryan519636 Oh it is too much to tell. I have straight white teeth that give me a lovely smile and I have dimples to add to that smile. I love the fact that I can just go outside and absorb vitamin d without turning red. In the spring and the summer, I love how I can watch the sun rays hit my skin and just make rainbows against the contrast of my skin. There is a certain flavor that black people have that everyone wants to obtain. It's the Charisma and the happiness we have for being black. ____________________________ From Nixakliel - 08/26/2010 - 03:42: Lets learn the right lessons from our history & properly critique our historical leaders. Booker T Washington had a more assimilate tone but he built institutions for Blacks to hone trade crafts & skills for building up our communities & businesses without having to rely on white folks [self-reliance / independence]. WEB Du-Bois was quite the integrationist & rather elitist in the beginning, & the institution he's most remembered for, the NAACP, from the beginning was influenced & financed by whites w hidden agenda's, & according to Glen Ford & his colleagues at BAR is today quite neo-liberal & beholden to Corp funding. Further both Washington & especially Du-Bois attacked Marcus Garvey [who you failed mention] in vicious language due to Garvey's non-assimilatist Pan African Nationalist position. Of course Du-Bois essentially affirmed the legitimacy of Garvey's position by moving to Africa in his latter years up to his death in Ghana as Kwame' NKrumah's honored guest [but unfortunately after Garvey was dead & the UNIA movement destroyed]. We see this being played out again w the Martin vs Malcolm debate. The 'sanitized' version of MLK is OK w most Whites [or so they say]- while most Whites aren't OK w Malcolm. So they expect Blacks to choose 'their version' of MLK & reject Malcolm. But ultimately both Martin & Malcolm realized the importance & legitimacy of one another & that theirs was a difference in tactics - not Objectives. It is said that MLK in his last year sounded like a 'non-violent Malcom X [but then Malcolm X was non-violent]. The lesson is - we need Afro-centric Intellectuals building institutions & movements that learn the appropriate lessons of history seeking to incorporate the best ideas of our past [& current] leaders while avoiding their errors & pitfalls. __________________________

@ WowTheBoogieDown In my opinion, BW are being ATTACKED by the white supremacy system, which leads to "misunderstanding" by those who do not recognize the signs of WAR. One thing I always tell sisters is -- nobody spends the tremendous amount of energy on someone who is NO ONE. Just the fact that they need to make movies like Precious, the Blind Side, The Color Purple, Norbit, Big Momma's House, She-Na-NA, etc on endless TV shows, commercials, promote rap music, images, all that degrade BW (and sometimes the BM) to DIVIDE and CONQUER the BM and BW and derail our efforts to save ourselves and the black family... So, we need to be MINDFUL, that nearly EVERY TIME we see a negative article about BW, or an ugly comment on a website, or some faceless poster POSING as a BM, trying to start a flame war by posting some ugly comment about BW -MORE THAN LIKELY IT IS NOT A BLACK PERSON OR A BM AT ALL, BUT A PRO WHO IS TRYING TO DEMORALIZE BW AND CREATE HATRED BETWEEN THE BM AND BW. -cram masters (who is a Brother) _________________________________ 7even wrote: You are on point with every line sis...well said!! You see, this post here is an example of why I love black women. You understand the struggles we have from day to day. Your support gives us the mental strength to pick ourselves up, brush ourselves down and keep persevering with fortitude in this beastly system. Of course black men should have that inner strength and “self” responsibility to be the best he can be. Two halves make a whole, and love and appreciation from both parties should be reciprocated. I can guarantee if men took a biology class and got to learn the physiological workings of the woman or the womb…..he would have nothing but awe and respect for a woman. A righteous man would be a liar if he said he didn’t argue with his woman. However once you have argued, you look at the queen standing beside you, brush yourself down….humble yourself and give her a big hug. I wasn’t always like this, but I have had to learn this is the better way. If a man or woman have love for themselves, this love will ebb and resonate around them. I am not going to give up on a black woman just because I had a bad experience from a black woman in my past; one does not represent all. I would feel cheap, cheated and pathetic if the love that was given to me by my mother was taken away by one person. My inner “self” or spirit gravitates towards a black woman and I can’t help that; I am being true to my “self“. There is no doubt that a woman like you will transfer positivism, worldly knowledge, female wisdom (which is important) and profound love to her kin. You see this word TRANSFER is

very important. The mindset of the parent(s), will be transferred to the child. This is why this beastly system is attacking the minds of the black woman/man; instilling self loathing to divide us and bring up negative thinking children. ______________________________ You are correct, it is just the media that likes to blame the crumble of society and financial economics on the "black crime statistics", when black crime has no real bearings on the economics as most black people are working people, also as a whole, we commit less crime than white people, but you know the media always needs a scapegoat and it is us black people every time. Propaganda is used as a weapon against the minorities, to ease the minds of the majority in order to stop them from looking at who are causing the real problems. I mentioned earlier that many blacks are kept in a state of poverty for some reason, and it could be, so they always have an easy target to blame when things go wrong,(scapegoats). E.G I’m not sure if you are aware of this but out here in the UK news they were at one point, trying to blame poor people, especially blacks, for the crumble of the financial system in America, due to them being given mortgages or house loans that they could not pay back. They completely overlooked the fact that it was actually down to greed in the Banking and financial industries why this happened. They are not going to help poor people out of poverty at all, as they serve a purpose to the system! If our people want anything done for the bulk of our people, we need to organize and structure ourselves into a cooperative unit. In other words UNITE!!! Since Marcus Garvey, this is what we have been talking and talking about, but it never really gets off the ground. Why? -The Revolutionist Cambridge, UK ________________________________________________________________

Unraveled was a strong word. Black People WORLD-WIDE share a commonalities... ...Ancestry... ...physiology (we are actually more of a homogeneous whole than most would dare to think and that irrespective of our global positionings, cultures or societies...)... ...And, especially now in the present time in terms of social status. Locale should not stop we from Unification and Nation Building. -litte richard

_________________________ Words from 216 Elite:

You can do nothing but love our sisters, i couldn't fathom HATING the women that have gone through more sexual, gender, and societal abuse than any other human being on this earth! Never lose sight of the goals brothers and sisters, Black Love, Unity, And Power.

Amerikkka is built on many diverse cultural contributions, individual nationalities staying proud of their heritage. It will NOT thrive when everything is all jumbled together as a uniculture./........ White supremacy is a misnomer./........ Without Blackness there is no life! We must not only make Black People conscious of Black Nationalism, We must make them aware of the need for it. In many regards, Black Nationalism can be compared to breathing and eating, natural acts that are so critical that Nature will not allow persons to ignore them. Since Black Nationalism is about freedom and self determination, which are as critical to Our development as breathing and eating, Black People must be made to appreciate them to the fullest. We must realize that self-determination is to Our development what breathing and eating are to Our survival. Since We want to do much more than survive, We have to value Black Nationalism above all else.

BAPF! -----------------------------------------------

I love seeing brothers and sisters together in happiness, and when me and my wife and daughter go out, we make sure to smilke their way, and when we pass, we let our daughter know that thats what black love and unity is about..... Like i always take them to this soul food spot up in the 216, and the atmosphere is beautiful....nothing but brothers and sisters hugged up, smiling and laughing with their young..... I tell you being around and with your own, is beautiful, the cohesion, and unity is something we always put our daughter around.....;)

-216 Elite BAPF

____________________________ Words from a Sister:

It seems, Soul Brother, that when one tries to encourage and be positive, particularly on this forum, it's not well received. I don't quite get it. To me, Black Men are some of the most Beautiful and Gorgeous creatures that God made and I celebrate them every chance that I get. Even when things are not looking so great for them, I still encourage them and love them. It saddens me that so many people can't see the forrest for the trees. I hope this thread will catch on so that Black Men can see that not all sisters/women think lowly of them or don't support them. I have your back 365 + 1!!! -One Just Wondering ____________________________________________

Hello My friend, how are you? no matter what, keep writing, and remember that there are those that will try to put you down and not encourage you, but remember what you are doing the poem for, its for enlightenment, its for the edification of all those that wished to be raised with the profile of hope and real happiness, not to brow beat anyone, but to embrace love for all races and how the black man has come through all the struggles and is still here. Don't listen to the negative, keep doing the positive and see the fruits of the peaceful and hopeful words that you have put on paper and remember that there are a lot of people that need reassurance, never forget that there are people that need to see how important they are, through the care of another humans eyes, such as yours. so don't be despondent. Keep writing and know that you have done a great service for all those that benefitted from your wonderful connotation. Take care my friend. -Soul Brother in London (a Brother in responding to the Sister One Just Wondering) __________________________________________

TrinidadLineage 9 months ago 4 Those Ants= Our community and the people within our community,who are doing everything within their God given ability to raise and take care of their families,to the best of their

abilities,as well as lending a helping hand when needed. The fungus=The negative ones amongst our people,who no matter what you do for the betterment of black people will always have something negative to say,or won't step up to the plate,when the time arises. ______________________________________________ you're welcome...:-) a lot of brothers take our women for granted, but we'd be lost and desolate without you, and most of us know that even when we fail to show any appreciation...so please forgive us for that... brother, they cannot STAND for BM and BW to love each other. it is a 24-7 assault, from TV, to music, to politics, to movies, to black buffoons and clowns that sell out the black nation to make a few dollars, to phony statistics and distorted "news" articles to get us to hate each other they are jealous of anything and everything we have, say, think, and do because they know WE CAME BEFORE THEY DID on this planet and much of what they claim they created, they stole from people of color... you have to wonder what kind of pathetic folks have nothing better to do than to come on a black thread and try to poison it....sad ain't the word for it.... -Crammasters __________________________________________

The brother and the sister are a credit to our people and a credit to athletics. Of course, these 2 people are New York Giants cornerback Aaron Ross and Olympic Gold Medalist in Track & Field star Sanya Richards. They were married in Austin, Texas recently in February 26th, 2010. Kemi8 (who is a sister) wrote: As ever, the moor always goes straight to the point and lays it down, plain and simple. True and wise words for black people to stand up and take notice. I don't feel that no one can ever understand me and my culture than a BM.I will continue love and support BM.

___________________________________________ Anna Lisa wrote: Black luv......i luv it:) It's amazing how 216 is being attacked for starting a thread like this. What's wrong with bm and bw loving each other? Look at how many people have come to this thread and have tried to convince us that we don't luv each other....pathetic. I do believe that people should luv and date whom ever they choose. But when it comes to black people being with each other, some act as though it is a crime. Like we are wrong for trying to promote luv amongst ourselves. That is so lame. They can attack all they want, they will always fail....the love between the black man and black woman is original, and never ending........

BAPF

________________________________________________ More from the Revolutionist:

So what is best and most important for any race?....SURVIVAL...The survival of the black race in any land we abode in, no matter whether it is Europe, America, Australia or Asia!!! This is basic human instinct, we are supposed to be free to live wherever we want without being erased, this is a "dirty tactic" used by the racist white media to phase blacks out of their lands methodically without throwing us out bare faced which would draw too much negative attention!!

____________________

"If the enemy is not doing anything against you, you are not doing anything" -Ahmed Sékou Touré "speak truth, do justice, be kind and do not do evil." -Baba Orunmila "Cowardice asks the question: is it safe? Expediency asks the question: is it political? Vanity asks the question: is it popular? But conscience asks the question: is it right? And there comes a time when one must take a position that is neither safe, nor political, nor popular - but one must take it simply because it is right." --Dr. Martin L. King

The truth is here and will remain forever. You can believe that. The Black Family is a great form of human existence indeed. When it’s all said and done, black people will still be here functioning, living their lives, and having families.

Real Black History ought to be learned 24/7 365 not just in the month of February This is dedicated to all people of the world. Thank you for reading my words.