The Glory Of Africa Part 2

The Glory of Africa Part 2 Africa will forever have a special place in my heart. The land of Africa and the people of Africa (which consists of many colors and backgrounds) certainly acquire a profound connection with me. The reason is that my own ancestors came from Africa. Yes, I am a

black American and I'm not ashamed of who I am or where I come from. I guess many individuals have already deduced that. Yet, all people, regardless of their background, should comprehend the continent of Africa as a succinct portion of our human history in general. The diversity of Africa is seen in the forests of Central Africa to the urban high rises (with skyscrapers) of Johannesburg, South Africa. Even back in our youth throughout the 1990’s, I and my family certain were very conscious of the dynamic nature of black history. There was the Meroitic alphabet found in Nubia. This script was formed during the Napatan Period in ca. 700-300 B.C. It was deciphered in modern times by British Egyptologist Francis Llewellyn Griffith in 1909. The Meroitic language have yet to be translation. There were 23 letters in the Meroitic alphabet, including four vowels. There are

tons of ancient architecture in Africa like the Temple in Aksum Kingdom in Ethiopia. The

Tichitt Walata is found in ancient Ghana. It’s an ancient architectural location. It was built by the Soninke people and is thought to be the precursor of the Ghana empire. It was being settled around 2000 B.C. One finds well laid out streets and fortified compounds all made out of skilled stone masonry. In all, there were 500 settlements. The famous University in Timbuktu exist and the Great Mosque of Djenne in Mali. It was constructed in the 1200’s. It was reconstructed in 1906 to 1909 to be the largest clay building in the world today. Ashanti architecture was especially famous in the world as well. Berki, writing in 1067 about the City of Aoudaghast in Ghana recorded that it is, "A very large city with several markets, many date palms and henna trees as big as olives, filled with fine houses and solid buildings." Even scholars acknowledged the great architecture of subSaharan Africa. The Songhai Empire (which existed in AD 11th-17th) was an Empire larger than Mali that was renowned for its scholarly culture and complex government. One person named Leo Africanus (who was a 16th century Spanish Moorish human being) said of it that: "(Surpassed) all other Negroes in wit, civility, and industry.” So, complex architecture and inventions definitely existed all over Africa in ancient times and today in the 21st century. I’ve studied this specific form of information for a while now. It’s certainly a truism that any human being can accomplish a great successful life. Human improvement is a confirmation of the great value of life in general. This work will delve more into the past histories of Africa that deals with the African experience. A common feature of the psyche is the triumph over oppression and adversity. There are a lot of good news in Africa, but this doesn’t mean that threats are non-existent. They exist in many forms like economic exploitation, unfair World Bank debt policies, wars, diseases, and other things. Yet, one overlooked threat against people of the world include the eugenic elements of abortion and population control. These 2 things are some of the most and slick ways where the Western establishment can control the resources of much of Africa. One simple example is how NGOs, the U.N., and similar organization will use the legitimate policy of giving electricity, clean water, health care, and other forms of authentic aid as an excuse to mix these goals with population control (including abortion). In America, Planned Parenthood and other groups have even funded forced sterilization against Americans (especially against black people via the Negro Project) in order to decrease the world’s population in general. Another example proving this threat is the U.S. sponsored NSSM 200 Document that calls for the depopulation of Third World nations (including using food as a weapon to enact population. In other words Henry Kissinger and others who help form NSSM 200 threaten Third World nations to go along with depopulation plans or become restricted of food supplies to those nations). This African experience is very well known for spreading all over the Earth. They did these nefarious actions under the guise of improving the community, yet America hasn‘t witness a radical amount of population growth at all (especially in the 20th century). I want to do this, because this story is so often ignored in our society. Finally, more people are fixed on the interesting story of Africa.

Genetically modified foods are a new threat in Africa as well as the world. GM foods are praised by the establishment as a means to fight against world hunger. Yet, many scholars and authors have written books and done speeches describing the dangerous side effects of genetically modified foods in the world. One film describing this issue is called “The World According to Monsanto.” Monsanto is the Earth’s largest producer of genetically engineered products. This corporation of Monsanto believe that its GM seeds and bovine growth hormone of BGH will increase worldwide production of agricultural, dairy, meat, and Bt cotton and can end world hunger (plus poverty). Monsanto made Agent Orange. The founder of

Monsanto is John Francis Queeny and he’s a Knight of Malta. Monsanto have used chemicals that can poison our foods. The documentary exposes how Monsanto uses pressure tactics in getting their agenda across that is dangerous for the environment, etc. In Africa, agribusiness promote GM crops. The catch is that these U.S./Western based “wonder crops” can control the property in Africa. "Poor-washing" is the common public relations tactic of concealing bitterly unfair and predatory trade policies that create and deepen hunger and poverty with clouds of hypocritical noise about feeding the hungry and alleviating poverty. It's hard to imagine a better case of media poor-washing than the hype around the recently announced $150 million "gifts" of the Gates and Rockefeller Foundations to the cause of reforming African agriculture, feeding that continent's impoverished millions and sparking an African "Green Revolution.” Also, world agribusinesses like ADM, Cargill, Monsanto, etc. use pesticides and chemicals to damage crops, make registration of crop varieties, and force farmers to pay royalties to corporations (who own the genetic code of those crops). Until recent, farmers in the developing world didn’t pay American agribusiness for anything (when they planted, plowed, and harvested their lands). The end game of these corporations is to not only control farms lands worldwide, it’s to control all of our food supply with these genetically modified corps and terminator seed technologies into our food chain. For example, Jeffrey Smith is an author who wrote a book entitled "Genetic Roulette." It's a book that described nearly 65 risk factors of certain foods Americans eat every day. Smith also refutes the notion that genetically modified foods are primarily safe. That's why an increase amount of citizens are embracing organic foods and supplements plus vitamins. That's why I'm against Codex, since it over regulates and in some cases bans vitamins and supplement. America, especially the Third World, and other locations worldwide need legitimate nutritution to build up the health of societies be apart of legitimate industralization or development. I believe in heath freedom (i.e. individuals should rule over their own health) and the existence of real competition without the control of Big Pharma or the government most of the time.

The first far left image shows the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaton. He has a very interesting history. He’s known for his monotheist worship of Aton as God. The 2 other images are depictions of the Pharaoh Tutankhamun. These men are famous in the history of ancient Egypt.

Thousands of years ago, ancient Egypt consisted of a very advanced civilization. They had hieroglyphics, science, mathematics, architecture, astronomy, law, and other confines of a complex nation. The people of ancient Egypt were diverse from Black Africans, Semitic, and other groups of people. Chamberlain says, "one of the prime reasons why no civilization of

the type of that of the Nile arose in other parts of the continent, if such a thing were at all possible, was that Egypt acted as a sort of channel by which the genius of Negro-land was drafted off into the service of Mediterranean and Asiatic culture…” The opinion of the ancient writers on the Egyptians is more or less summed up by Gaston Maspero (1846–1916) when he says, "By the almost unanimous testimony of ancient historians, they [the Egyptians] belong to an African race which first settled in Ethiopia on the Middle Nile: following the course of the river they gradually reached the sea. Many of the leading antiquarians of the time, based largely on the strength of what the classical authors, particularly Diodorus Siculus and Stephanus of Byzantium, had to say on the matter, were exponents of the view that the ancient Ethiopians, or at any rate, the Black people of remote antiquity were the earliest of all civilized peoples and that

the first civilized inhabitants of ancient Egypt were members of what is refereed to as the Black race who entered the country as emigrants from Ethiopia." A similar culture and civilization and culture can be found in Nubia and ancient Ethiopia as well. Nubia ironically has been called Ethoipia by the ancient world. "The Ethiopians (or Nubians)

conceive themselves," says Diodorus Siculus (Lib. III), "to be of greater antiquity than any other nation; and it is probable that, born under the sun's path, its warmth may have ripened them earlier than other men. They suppose themselves also to be the inventors of divine worship, of festivals, of solemn assemblies, of sacrifices, and every religious practice. They affirm that the Egyptians are one of their colonies…” Ancient Nubia existed even before ancient Egypt came about as a civilization. Nubia was the first major black civilization in world history. Nubia or Kush has been called the land of Gold. Nubia and ancient Egypt fought various wars with each from time to time, yet both countries had countries had peaceful coexistence for extended periods of time. The Historian Michael Rice wrote about Nubia that: "...The Southern Kingdom, Upper Egypt, was clearly conceived as the dominant of the two regions. It was from the south that the most enduring influences in Egyptian society came and without doubt most of its greatest leaders were southerners too. Through her long history Egypt constantly needed to return to the south to refresh herself and to restore her institutions, even perhaps her soul, when the weight of years or of external pressures laid too heavily upon her..." The Neolithic period in the Nile Valley probably came from Sudan according to scholars. This period was in ca. 4,000 B.C. There are rock reliefs showing scenes of a cattle cult. Megaliths discovered at Nabta Playa are early examples of what seems to be one of the world's first astronomical devices, out dating Stonehenge by several 1000 years. In 3,800 B.C., there was the A Group Culture in ancient Nubia. Qustul in Nubia in 3300 B.C. was an unified Kingdom with many structures. Qustul was also called Ta-Seti. Around the turn of the protodynastic period, Naqada, in its bid to conquer and unify the whole Nile valley, seems to have conquered Ta-Seti (the kingdom where Qustul was located) and harmonized it with the Egyptian state, and thus, it became the first nome of Upper Egypt. At the time of the first dynasty, the A-Group area seems to have been entirely depopulated, most likely due to immigration to areas west and south. The B Group came in Nubia in about in the early 28th century B.C. Today most historians believe that B-Group was merely A-Group but far poorer. The causes of this are uncertain, but it was perhaps caused by Egyptian invasions and pillaging that began at this time. There were the C Group which flourished from ca. 2240 B.C. to ca. 2150 B.C. The C-Group is known for its pottery having incised geometric lines with white infill (plus impression imitations of basketry). Modern Nubia came about in ca. 2,000 B.C. being one of the advanced ancient black civilizations in the world. Nubia is home to ebony, writings, trade, and other interesting components. The people of Kerma organized thier Kingdom in Nubia as well. The Nubians regularly mixed with the ancient Egyptians especially in the New Kingdom of ancient Egypt. The famous black Nubian King Taharqa (he's mentioned in the Bible) ruled both Nubia and Egypt. Meroe (which existed from 800 BC - ca. AD 350) lay on the east bank of the Nile about 6 km north-east of the Kabushiya station near Shendi, Sudan. Meroe is about ca. 200 km north-east of Khartoum. The queens of Meroe were called Candaces. The Nubian Queen of Amentari and King Netek-amen worshipped the 3 headed lion deity called Ampedak. The Nubians were known to defeat Alexander the Great and the Roman armies. These Empires desired to conquer the land of Nubia, but they were unsuccessful.

This is the image of members of the Punt civilization. The female on the center is the Queen Aty, while her husband (who is on the far right) is the chief of Punt named Parakhu. A very famous expedition was for Queen Hatshepsut in the 18th dynasty (1473-1458 BC). It was formed of five ships, each measuring 70 feet long, and with several sails. These accommodated 210 men, including sailors and 30 rowers, and was led by the Nubian general "Nehsi." They departed at Quseir on the Red Sea for what was primarily a trading mission, seeking frankincense and myrrh, and fragrant unguents used for cosmetics and in religious ceremonies. Later, they brought back exotic animals, plants, ivory, and other resources into ancient Egypt. Reliefs show the Punt people as black Africans and animals there like hippopotamus, giraffes, etc. that live in Africa.

Ancient Ethiopia or Abyssinia have a interesting history. It's one of the most ancient countries in the world. In 1,000 B.C., the region of Ethiopia, Eritrea, and southern Yemen traded with each other and had a similar ethnic group. They were made up of Negriod and Semitic peoples. Southern Arabia was also known for the Saba civilization with damns, artwork, etc. The Queen of Sheba from the Bible is known as coming from this part of the world. She is called "black and comely" and had a relationship with the Israelite King Solomon. Today, those in Ethiopia believe that Sheba and Solomon's descendants are in the Royal family of Ethiopia. In that area of the world, they knew about astronomy and other fields of human endeavors. They also worshipped celestial bodies including the sun plus the moon. Punt was a famous country in Somalia. Punt traded with ancient Egypt and had black people living there. Punt was called Pwene or Pwenet. It produced gold, aromatic resins, ebony, irony, African blackwoods, etc. The earliest recorded ancient Egyptian expedition to Punt was organized by Pharaoh Sahure of the Fifth Dynasty or in from ca. 2458 to 2446 B.C. In ca. 1950 B.C., Egyptian pharoah Mentuhotep III lead an officer named Hannu to go voyagges into Punt. Some of the ancient Egyptians view Punt as their ancestral homeland according to W. M. Flinders Petrie’s 1939 book called “The Making of Egypt.“ In 2003 a newly discovered text was found in a tomb in El Kab, a small

town that is located about 50 kilometres south of Thebes. The tomb belonged to the local

governor, Sobeknakht II, and dates to the 17th dynasty (c.1600-1550 BC). The tomb’s inscription described how Egypt was invasion ferociously by the forces of Kush and allies form the south like Punt. This places the location of Punt in the Horn of Africa. Cheikh Anta Diop, Walter Rodney, and other people have done wonders in discovering the real history of Black People.

There was the D'mt cvilization in the 1st millennium B.C. Axum is the famous civilization in ancient Ethiopia that most people understand. It began to be prominent in ca. the 1 century A.D. They even conquered Nubia for a time. The King Ezana ruled Axum in the 4th century A.D. Christianity arrived in

Nubia and Axum early on. Ethiopia thrived even during the time of the growth of the imperialist Islamic Empire and the European imperialists. Ethiopia resisted European imperialists for centuries. One example is how they under King Menelik II defeated the Italians in the Battle of Adwa from 1896. Italy and Ethiopia subsequently signed a temporary provisional treaty of peace on October 26, 1896. The early twentieth century was marked by the reign of Emperor Haile Selassie I, who came to power after Iyasu V was deposed. It was he who undertook the modernization of Ethiopia, from 1916, when he was made a Ras and Regent (Inderase) for Zewditu I and became the de facto ruler of the Ethiopian Empire. The Papal fascist Benito Mussolini of Italy occupied Ethiopia from 1936 to 1941. Halle Selassie is the most famous Emperor in Ethiopia's history. He was born of parents from the 3 major Ethiopian ethnicities of Ormo, Amhara, and Gurage. Ge'ez is alphabet in Ethiopia. Famous words in Ethiopia for the cold zone is dega, for the hot zone is kolla, and Tsehay is for the sun. Ethiopia was liberated by a combination of British Commonwealth forces and Ethiopian patriot forces. Today, Ethiopia has tons of ethnic groups (like the Amhara, Gurage, Sidama, Afar, the Falasha or Beta Israel, and the Tigray-Tigrinya peoples) and even a significant minority Muslim population. The Falasha are some of the Lost Tribes of Israel who existed in Ethiopia.

“We are revolutionaries.” “There is a higher law than the law of government. That's the law of conscience.” “No man can give anybody his freedom. A man is born free.” “The first need of a free people is to define their own terms.”

“We were aware of the fact that death walks hand in hand with struggle.” -The wisdom of Kwane Ture in his own words

I. The transatlantic slave trade was evil by any conceivable definition. It was influential in

history in defining much of the African experience. It was brutal, hateful, and terroristic. It treated fellow human beings as less than human. Between 9.4 and 12 million Africans traveled into North and South American during the slave trade according to many modern historians. We mostly hear stories about the slaves traveling into America, which should be known about. Yet, most of the African slaves traveled into places like Brazil, the Caribbean, and South America. Most of the African slaves came from West and Central Africa (some even came from East Africa). Africans and African Americans classify this injustice as Maafa or Holocaust or great disaster in Swahili. This trade was inhuman and was apart of economic mercantilism. That system allowed slaves (which suffered brutality that was too harmful for me to put into words) to travel into the Americas to give crops like cotton and other foods to be traded into Europe. This economic system of the Middle Passage or the Triangular Trade lasted for centuries. Now, slavery existed for thousands of years before this event, but this information relates to African history. Many traitorous Africans sold black slaves to Arabic people then centuries later to the Europeans. Europeans used their African agents to get the slave trade going forth. This doesn’t mean that European Empires lack the majority of responsibility for the slave trade. The European elite are mostly responsible for the slave trade, so I want to make that clear. The 2 major eras of this trade are called the First and Second Atlantic System. The First Atlantic System dealt with Portuguese and Spanish empire getting African slaves from Africa to fund their empire. This was only a small percentage of all of the Atlantic slave trade being only 3%. It started in the late 1400's and grew mightily by 1502. During this period some of the Dutch, English, Spanish, and French traders worked in this trade as well. The Second Atlantic system was of course dealing with English, Brazilian, French, and Dutch traders stealing African people form their homeland and sending them into the Caribbean colonies, Brazil, and the rest of North America. Even some Jewish people (mostly from Spain, the Netherlands, Britain, etc.) have a role in the international slave trade that's even exposed in mainstream history. The slave trade continued onward into the 19th century. The Native Americans suffering smallpox and population depleted inspired the Europeans to increase the slave trade among African people. No one knows the total dealt toll of the slave trade. Some believe that from 8 million to 16 million Africans dead in the slave trade (which includes the procurement of slaves, storage, shipment, landing of people into the new world). Slaves in the Americas were used to build up crops like sugar, cotton, tobacco, etc. in that part of the war. Some of the profits from these crops aided the wars of the Seven Years' War in 1763, etc. Many then and today apologize for slavery and the slave trade. They should. On

July 30, 2008, the United States House of Representatives passed a resolution apologizing for American slavery and subsequent discriminatory laws. The language included a reference to the "fundamental injustice, cruelty, brutality and inhumanity of slavery and Jim Crow" segregation.” On June 18, 2009, The United States Senate issued an apologetic statement decrying the "fundamental injustice, cruelty, brutality, and inhumanity of slavery". The news was welcomed by President Barack Obama, the nation's first President of African descent. Barack Obama (even though I don’t agree with him on every issue) is certainly an inspiration to all people that any human being regardless of what they are can achieve excellent achievements in life.

The first African slaves were brought to Jamestown, Virginia in 1619. The English settlers treated these captives as indentured servants and released them after a number of years. As English settlers died from harsh conditions more and more Africans were brought to work as laborers. Africans for many years were similar in legal position to poor English indenturees, who traded several years labor in exchange for passage to America. Africans could legally raise crops and cattle to purchase their freedom. They raised families, marrying other Africans and sometimes intermarrying with Native Americans or English settlers. By the 1640s and 1650s, several African families owned farms around Jamestown and some became wealthy by colonial standards. By the 1700’s, more and more black people in America were slaves in American colonies. Colonial history in America was filled with tragedy and fights for freedom. John Casor was a black man in 1655 who was the first legally recognized slave in the area that became the United States. In the Stono Rebellion, South Carolina slaves gathered at the Stono River to plan an armed march for freedom. This occurred in September 9, 1739. Rhode Island forbade the import of slaves in 1774. All of the colonies except Georgia had banned or limited the African slave trade by 1786; Georgia did so in 1798 - although some of these laws were later repealed. Vermont in July 8, 1777 was the first state to passed a constitution that abolished slavery. The First African Baptist Church of Savannah, Georgia was organized under Andrew Bryan in 1788. The abolitionist movement to end slavery exist among many races, but black people took the lead. David Walker was a famous abolitionist. He express the words of freedom and seeking liberty. Walker's "The Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World," which was considered the most radical anti-slavery document of its time. It aroused fear in Southern slave owners and caused a stir among slaves. Slave rebellions were unsuccessful before the Civil War like the famous Nat Turner rebellion in August of 1831. Slave revolts existed for centuries, because it was a

response against immoral oppression. Being uprooted from an entire Hemisphere (and be eliminated of your name, culture, history, creed, etc.) and to suffer through unspeakable acts aren’t NATURAL. You had to fight for freedom back then against wicked imperialists. THAT IS PURELY NATURAL. RESISTANCE, REVOLT, AND FIGHTING FOR JUSTICE ARE ALSO NATURAL REACTIONS. Black men and Black Women fought for their liberation for thousands of years. Many rebellions or revolts (These were freedom movements before the 1960’s) like the Denmark Vessey Rebellion in South Carolina, Bussa’s liberty movement in the island of Barbados from 1816, Africans fighting for liberty in 1820 inside of Belize, etc. Nat Turner was captured in October 30, 1831. Nat Turner was hung in Jerusalem, Virginia ironically in November 11, 1831. These liberation movements are regularly suppressed by the establishment, because the establishment doesn’t want black people to have that strong unity to make radical solutions in the world. That is why the racists hate when black people show their real history to the world. They hate us. Now, we shouldn’t present hate toward them. We should just promote a great bond with our brothers and sisters. We should go out and promote our natural features (including our natural culture) and our spiritual growth to inspire people. You know where I’m going with this. For years, I have seen this evil war against Black consciousness, especially in America via the media, Hollywood, TV, some books, etc. Our people have inspired liberation for a very long time. You have the oligarchs harming people worldwide (of many backgrounds. The oligarchs formed evils like the Transatlantic slave trade, the feudal system, colonization of the world. This system oppressed the poor of many ethnicities). That’s all the more reason in why we should fight for the rights of black people and all oppressed people worldwide regardless of their background. Yet, the racists today are trying to sugarcoat slavery and other issues, so we shouldn’t fall for that trap. I’m old enough to fight back against the tactics of reactionaries. Mainstream society in numerous times don’t want a black man and a black woman to succeed in the world. The good news is that more and more black men and black women are waking up. We will overcome challenges. The Nat Turner rebellion occurred in Southampton County, Virginia where some of my relatives live at to this day. Towns in Southampton County include Boykins (which I’ve been to near North Carolina), Drewyville, Capron, Courtland, etc. I visit Southampton County many times a year to meet up with my relatives. These places are in the country where my kinfolks live at and I have mutual connections with them. You know what I mean. Emporia is a city beyond Southampton, County. Emporia is in Greenville County, Virginia where some of my relatives live in too. I’ve been to Emporia to do certain activities. There is a lot of history there. People on my father’s side have roots in Cape Charles as well. They lived in Northampton County. My relatives on my father‘s side live in Virginia and in Baltimore as well. I am a product of my father (who has an interest in history and theology with a strong masculine personality) and mother (with an interest in sociology and theology with a strong compassionate personality even back decades ago) in personality indeed.

My relatives tell stories about Nat Turner. There were Frederick Douglass (who allows his son to fight for the Union during the Civil War. Douglas had a correspondence with President Abraham Lincoln), Harriet Tubman, and Sojourner Truth that worked in the Underground Railroad to free escaped slaves. Spirituals or songs were common in the period of the 1800’s. They transpired not only as music for confront over the trials and tribulations over life under slavery. They transpired as code words for escaped slaves to find safe houses or other safe locations to go into the North or Canada, where slavery was illegal. The Big Dipper or the North star was a sign that slave utilized in escaping northward. Some slaves went into the North and beyond into Canada. The descendants of those escaped slaves still live throughout America and in Canada. There are countless other stories that depicted human beings that stood tall against the dehumanizing evil of slavery plus the slave trade. These men, women, and children helped to abolished slavery in America after the Civil War ended.

It’s doesn’t take a rocket scientist to see the camaraderie among many Native Americans and African Americans in U.S. History. African Americans have united with Native Americans for centuries. There are those who believe that African peoples lived in the Americas before Columbus’ exploration. This is debated to this day. Even Alex Haley in his tracking of his ancestor Kunte Kinte found out that he had some Native American ancestors. Even Chris Tucker discovered this out of having some Native American ancestry recently in his DNA test. Today, tons of black Americans (that I know personally) have some Native American branches in their family trees. The suffering of the Native American people are indescribable. The imperialism, the labor exploitation, and theft of their land by many factions (not just by Europeans) is an obviously unjustified occurrence. Black people took their

place in slavery in North America especially. There was always African/Native American unity and connection in the 1500’s even. The first evidence of Native American and African unity appears in a l503 communication to Spain's King Ferdinand from Viceroy Nicolas de Ovando of Spain's headquarters on Hispaniola, now Haiti. Ovando complained that his enslaved Africans "fled among the Indians and taught them bad customs and never could be captured." In the last four words the governor is describing more than a problem with untrustworthy servants or the difficulties of retrieving runaways in a rainforest. This coalition grew new recruits each week. Back in the 1680’s, according to U.S. anthropologist Richard Price (who lived among and recorded the origins of the Sarmaka nation) found that the Saramaka combined with African people. Slave revolts were supported by numerous Native Americans. Dr. Carter G. Woodson (who is the father of modern Black history research) in 1920 wrote that research in the Black/Indian arena was lacking plus that slaves "found among the Indians one of their means of escape." The British and the Spanish leaders tried to divide black people and Native Americans, but this was mostly unsuccessful. It’s clear to see that African Americans and Native Americans have a bond of fighting against tyranny and working together in the Americas. This history is very overlooked back then. Now, it isn’t.

II. Black people in the Caribbean have made great contributions in human history. On

my mother's side, I have some Caribbean ancestry from the West Indies. There is the great Trinidadian author C.L.R. James born. Shirley Chisholm, who was the first African American nominee for the Presidency is of Caribbean descent. Now, the Caribbean is a vast

region that stretches from the Gulf of Mexico into the Atlantic Ocean. It's fully of over 7,000 islands, islets, reefs, and cays. The Caribbean is caused Caraibe in French and the Caribe in the Spanish language. Native American are the original settlers in the Caribbean Islands and countries. Hispaniola had human settlement in 3600 B.C. The earliest dates in the Lesser Antilles are from 2000 BCE in Antigua. A lack of pre-ceramic sites in the Windward Islands and differences in technology suggest that these Archaic settlers may have Central American origins. The Carib speaking and Arawak speaking groups lived in Trinidad. There were the Taino tribes in the Greater Antilles, the Bahamas, and the Leeward Island. The Taino were known for being of course in Puerto Rico as well. The Papal imperialist Christopher Columbus (with Knights Templar crosses on his ships) came into Bahamas, he met the Taino tribes, and he visited Hispaniola. Columbus did this under the Spanish crown to get gold and other resources. There were small resources of gold, but not much. Spanish imperialists would import African slaves in order to get resources. They soon claimed the entire Caribbean, yet settled in the islands of Puerto Rico, Cuba, Jamaica, Trinidad, and Hispaniola (which consists of Haiti and the Dominican Republic). The Spanish Empire soon declined, so other European powers took over areas of the Caribbean. In the 1600's, the British started to colonize Bermuda, the Bahamas (the English admiral William Penn seized Jamaica in 1655 and it was under British rule for over 300 years), and other places. Haiti was ruled by France. Even the Dutch took over many islands like Tobago, St. Croix, Tortola, Aruba, etc. The imperialism in the Caribbean develop the European lust for sugar crops and the growth of the slave trade. The oppression in the Islands caused of course wars and rebellions. Haiti fought for their independence and it was the first name to achieve independence in the Caribbean in 1791. A slave rebellion that became the Haitian Revolution under the leadership of Toussaint l'Ouverture established Haiti as a free, black republic by 1804. Haiti became the world's oldest black republic, and the secondoldest republic in the Western Hemisphere, after the United States. The remaining two-thirds of Hispaniola were conquered by Haitian forces in 1821. In 1844, the newly-formed Dominican Republic declared its independence from Haiti. Other nations gained independence from European nations in the 19th century. To this day, some states in Caribbean are controlled by European powers. There

has been the recent January 2010 Earthquake of Haiti (whose capital is Port au Prince) where over 500,000 people possibly have died. It’s a very catastrophic quake with a 7.0 on the Richter scale. Folks from America, the UK, Germany, China, and nations all of the world are trying to send relief efforts into Haiti. The magnitude of the disaster is incredible incalculable to describe. Doctors without Borders wants infrastructure to be built along with rescue workers to find survivors in the huge rubble inside of Haiti. That’s a legitimate action to take since assistance is always a necessity to help our human beings in a meaningful fashion. A large Haitian community exists in America, so many Haitian Americans are trying to contact their realities in Haiti to see if they are fine or not. Haiti have been plagued with huge poverty. We should hope that Haiti will be much better than it is now. It’s also important to give a massive amount of aid to people who need it in Haiti. The world is starting to respond to cries of help from the great nation of Haiti. We shouldn’t stop with humanitarian aide until Haiti is definitely on its feet again.

The 2 people above are of course Bob Marley and the great track star Veronica Campbell-Brown. Both people are from Jamaica. The Monroe doctrine influenced that part of the world, because that Doctrine says that Europe shouldn't have undue influence in the Western Hemisphere. It was invented by President James Monroe in the early 1800's. American leaders feared that the Jesuits and other European powers were attempting to re-colonize America (which in some ways are occurring now covertly). The West Indies are a major region in the Caribbean as well. There were Spanish colonists in the region and African slaves that arrived there mostly from 1500 to 1800. Black slaves came primarily from West Africa (like the Kongo, the Ashante of Ghana, the Mende of Liberia, the Igbo [including the Yoruba and Akan] of Nigeria, and immigrants (from Britain, France, Spain, the Netherlands, and even Denmark). The majority of the Caribbean are made up of black people (even though Hispanic people, Asians, English, French, Portuguese, Chinese, and Indian people live in the Caribbean) in the region that once were colonized by the English, French, and the Dutch. The Spanish speaking Caribbean people are made up Africans, Europeans, and Hispanic people. Hispanic people aren’t a race per se. They are an ethnic group with Native American, European, and African heritage. Puerto Rico has a mixture of African people, Native Americans, Europeans, etc. Stokely Carmichael is a famous civil rights leader who have ancestors from the Caribbean. He stood with Dr. Martin Luther King and soon believed in self defense. Today, the Caribbean has made great strides and many problems like us Americans have.

The sisters to the left are regular Black Afro-Latino women enjoying themselves. The Afro-Latino sister to the right is named Alexandra Ocles Padilla and she’s from Ecuador. She’s a great leader and an excellent writer. She is an inspirational Black Woman indeed.

III. Black people in Latin America, Mexico, and South America have a huge history. It can take books and books of information to describe the whole history of the Black experience in Latin America, but here is summary of these gems of history. There are black people living in Nicaragua, the Dominican Republic, and all over South America too. Being black isn’t nationality

limited for Black people exist globally. That is why numerous Latino people are cousins literally to Black people. Some Latino people are Black people. Hispanic people have a magnificent and inspiring history in their own right. The Hispanic culture is a beautiful culture. Hispanic people I come in contact with are very nice, loving people. Soledad O’Brian is showing the CNN’s special called “Latino in America” that outlines the diversity, yet unity of the Latino population in the United States of America. In Colombia there are black people. Some existed in the nation as slaves in the 1500's. African slaves worked on gold mines, sugar cane plantations, cattle ranches, and large haciendas. This was immoral. Colombia banned slavery in 1851. African Colombians today are prominently situations in Colombia's urban centers. There was an eugenics plan in trying to use the Spanish mestizaje plan to get rid of black people genetically from Colombia. It didn't work. Not until 1991, after a very strong popular struggle, did the new Colombian Constitution give Afro-Colombians the right to collective ownership of traditional Pacific coastal lands, and special cultural development protection. Today, discrimination against black Colombians exist just like in America. Edgar Renteria is a famous major league baseball player being a black man. Joe Arroyo is one of the top Salsa soloists of all time. Dating back to his days in the city of Cartagena, the city of escaped slaves, he started singing in church choirs and in nightclubs. He provides a fusion of sorts in his music by incorporating sounds of Cumbia, Soca and Zouk which ends up having a very Caribbean sound. Joe Arroyo sings songs deal with the struggles in life and of his black heritage. Senator Piedad Cordoba is the highest ranking Afro-Colombian Congress person. He promotes equal rights for many people. Plan Colombia is an "anti-drug" campaign supported by America that some criticize as negatively effecting the black community in Colombia. In this plan, homes have been destroyed and people have suffered. Of course, I reject the Drug war.

These are more Afro-Latinos living in the 21st century. The person on the left a musician named Seu Jorge Coachella and the person on the right is named Melissa Desousa. There are blacks in Ecuador. Afro-Ecuadorians are well known. Augustin Delgado is a top soccer player from Ecuador. The blacks in Venezuela are very African conscious with their magazine called Africanias. Many black Venezuelans are in top positions of their government, but inequalities exist there. They live heavily on the coast. Barlovento is the Black Mecca for Venezuela. Black heritage reigns in Barlovento such as Esmereldas in Ecuador and Choco in Colombia. The Venezuelan African community in Barlovento hosted the Second International reunion of the Latin African Family in 1999 with reps coming from Puerto Rico right down to Argentina. The Africans in Venezuela are now playing a prominent role on the international stage whereas previously, they were unseen (with people

like Oscar D'Leon and others). Even the controversial leader of Venezuela Hugo Chavez has some Afro-Venezuelan heritage. Of course, I don’t agree with his promotion of the new world order or his alliance with the Pope. Blacks live in Belize and Guatemala. Guatemala is the most populous nation in Central America. The Afro-Dominican Ensemble KumbaCarey has been celebrating the culture

of Afro-Dominican people. This group wants to preserve the African heritage in Dominican culture in their performances of traditional rhythms. They recreate the rhythms of Palos, Congos, Bambula, Machaco, Mangulina, and Carabine, as well as Merengue and Gaga. They are directed by master dancer Pedro Raposo and master percussionist Alexander Callendar, and have performed at colleges and festivals across the country. The Dominican Republic was visited by the imperialist Christopher Columbus. It was occupied by both Spanish and French colonists. It became independent by the time of February 27, 1844. According to a study by the CUNY Dominican Studies Institute, about 90% of the contemporary Dominican population has West African ancestry to varying degrees. U.S. Rep. Gregory Meeks (D-NY) led members of the Congressional Black Caucus in a nationally televised town hall discussion in Colombia with President Alvaro Uribe to promote real equality and liberty among Afro-Columbian people. "[Afro-descendants] can see what the outside world is doing. That's caused a consciousness where they say, ‘We can do it, too,' '' says Meeks, who is also working with blacks in Peru and Bolivia. "They can see what the civil-rights movement did in the United States and know that they have the ability to benefit also."

There has been Black people living in Mexico then and now in the 21st century. It’s also true to mention that Spaniards and the Portuguese had their evil slave international trade even before the English did (The Spaniards and the Portuguese had it as early as the late 1400‘s). There was the free pueblo of Africans in the Western Hemisphere in Vera Cruz, Mexico (It was formed by Yanga, who was an African person). Even in 1811, the partially African Jose Morelos led a Black army brigade to help fight for Mexican independence against Spanish imperialists. Even in 1855, more than 4,000 runaway slaves were helped by Mexicans in Texas to escape and find freedom in Mexico. The Underground Railroad therefore extended north into Canada and south into Mexico. Vicente Ramon Guerrero was a famous Mexican (of partial Black African descent) that won many battles to fight for Mexican independence too. Black Mexicans fought and defeated the French during the Civil war in the battle of Puebla on May 5, 1862. This victory is now called Cinco de Mayo. So, black people fought for the liberty rights in Mexico. Some of this stuff I’m starting to learn about for the first time in my life. In 1866, Mexican President Benito Juarez confirmed an 1851 land grant giving Black people in Mexico a sizeable place of refuge at Nascimiento. Benito Juarez is one of the greatest Mexican Presidents in history. He believed in equality and wanted nationalism for his Mexican people. Benito Juarez was a full-bloodied Native American. You judge a person

by their character and not what a human being looks like physically. So, a real black person would never hate another ethnic group, but he or she will always love the legacy and the composition of their own black heritage. Certainly, more and more brothers and sisters are having a higher level of consciousness and connections with Black people in the world over (especially in the 21st century). This consciousness isn’t new, but it

transpired many centuries ago.

Black people in Brazil is very interesting to know about. Learning this part of history is like opening a new chapter in understanding our brothers and sisters in the world over. They are more black people in Brazil than they are in America. They are called Afro-Brazilian or African Brazilian. Some estimate

as of 2005, that there are 91 million black Brazilians in Brazil. Most Brazilians are descended or related to African slaves. Some in the Brazilian government promote affirmative action program to sections of Black Brazilians and Native Americans that live there. Discrimination occur there just like in America against Black people. According to Ribeiro, then, when black Brazilians start to be

part of the wealthier classes, through social democracy, the racial democracy will be possible in Brazil. Today, African Americans in North America have inspired some Brazilians to promote causes to affirm their black identity (yet, black Brazilians have always affirmed their heritage for years before any North American influence though. So, I want to make that clear). There is the Black Movement of Brazil group. The Portuguese trade African slaves to work the sugar plantations in ca. 1550. Slavery was a big part of the Brazilian economy centuries ago. Over 1,720,000 people came into Brazil from 1761-1829. The Africans sent by force into Brazil came from the West African and Bantu peoples mostly. West Africans include the Yoruba, the Igbo, the Fon, the Ashanti, etc. They were sent into Bahia in a large scale. The Bantus include people from Angola, Congo, and Mozambique. The Bantus were heavily sent into Rio de Janeiro, Minas gerais, and northeastern Brazil. The Victorian Evangelical group of politicians called the Clapham sect influenced Brazil to end slavery by May 13, 1888. This is called Lei Aurea or the Golden Law. Some of the Portuguese used the African women as concubines, etc. Stronger black influence in Brazil live on the coast. Some blacks moved into the interior of Brazil to met with the Native Americans and the Mameluco. African slaves invented a form of martial artists called Capoeria. You use kicks and other defense mechanism against an opponent. Some move counter clockwise in their movements as well. Abdias Do Nascimento is a famous

Brazilian black man who wrote a book called "Brazil Mixture Or Massacre." It exposes the physical and cultural the genocide of numerous black people in Brazil. Some may disagree with parts of the book, but there is nothing wrong with promoting the determination and liberty of black people and all people in Brazil. The good news is that many black people in Brazil plus the world over is fighting against discrimination and other evils in Brazil then and now. Famous black Brazilians are Seu Jorge, Daiane dos Santos (who is a famous and

successful female gymnast), Milton Nescient (who is a songwriter and singer), the great soccer player Pele, the black actress of Sandra de Sa, Taís Araújo. etc.

All of these words are from the strong Brother Dr. Martin Luther King: “Power, properly understood, is the ability to achieve purpose. It is the strength required to bring about social, political or economic changes. In this sense power is not only desirable but necessary in order to implement the demands of love and justice. One of the greatest problems of history is that the concepts of love and power are usually contrasted as polar opposites. …What is needed is a realization that power without love is reckless and abusive and that love without power is sentimental and anemic. …There is nothing essentially wrong with power. The problem is that in America power is unequally distributed.” (Where Do We Go, p. 37). “Black Power is a call for the pooling of black financial resources to achieve economic security. …If Black Power means the development of this kind of strength within the Negro community, then it is a quest for basic, necessary, legitimate power. Finally, Black Power is a psychological call to manhood.” (Where Do We Go, p. 38). “Black is beautiful and as beautiful as any other color. When we believe that, this is something very necessary, this is something very constructive and very creative. So, the concept of Black Power is something we are certainly able to understand and accept. …So as we talk about power, we must always see power as the right use of strength.” ((SCLC Staff retreat, Frogmore, SC, 11/14/66). IV. The ending of colonization for Africa increased after the end of WWII. Ghana for thousands of years had trade roots, courts, and other fields of advanced civilization. Even in the 12th century, Ghana's wealth were eclipsed by Mali to the north. In the 1600's, the Trans-Atlantic slave trade effected Ghana in a higher level. The Europeans lusted after the gold and the people in the coast of West Africa. This is where the nickname of the Gold Coast originated from. The Ashante tribe united as a bulwark against European imperialists. Those individuals in Ghana united under Osei tutu who ruled from a golden stool in he capital city of Kumasi in the early 1700's. They had guns and

made their mark. The Fante worked with the Europeans and the economy of the Asante plus other coastal kingdoms were depleted drastically. The Asante fought the British during the era of the Industrial Revolution since the British wanted to use rail transport to get into the interior of Africa more effectively. The Berlin Conference of 1884 divided Africa, but the Europeans disagreed with other on how to get that division accomplished. Wars occurred and independence movements for Ghana and the rest of Africa existed. Kwane Nkrumah was a gifted Ghanaian student. He studied in London during the 1940's. Even back in 1945, he worked with W.E.B. DuBois to institute the Fifth Pan African Conference. This allowed and inspired many courageous, young African intellectuals to promote the cause of liberation of African people from the imperialists and to cooperate for the benefit of all. By 1948, Nkrumah went home in Ghana to protest the British rule of his nation. Nkurumah earned degrees. He was so smart that he was called the “Most Oustanding Professor of the Year” by the Lincoln University newspaper back in 1945. He earned degrees at Lincoln Univeristy and Pennsylvania University. He went into London to fight for the independence of Africa. Nkrumah was a brother that screamed for liberty for our people. He said that: “…all men of goodwill, organize,

organize, organize. We prefer self-government in danger, to servitude in tranquility. Forward ever, backward never…” He was jailed by the British imperialists for just trying to call for real independence. When he was the Prime Minister of Ghana, he made great achievement. He made the Akosomobo Dam to give electricity to both Ghana and other states in Africa. He increased waged and created more jobs. He broke the monopoly of multinational corporations in the Ghanaian economy. He built new hospitals and pipe-borne water. He promoted free basic education for all children in Ghana by abolishing school fees at this level. He built universities. The list goes on and on of Ghanaian contributions in world history. Ghana gained its own independence in 1957. Ghana

was the first sub-Saharan nation that broke free from Europe. Kkrumah was the leader in Ghana from 1961 to 1965. Nkrumah’s 1965 book called “Neo-Colonialism: The Last Stage of Imperialism” accused the CIA of being a main strike force behind the former colonial powers. He tried to create a form of socialism, but a military coup ousted him. William

Blum in his book “Killing Hope” said that the CIA had involvement in the coup of February 1966 (CIA agent John Stockwell admitted CIA complicity in order for the West to control the independent nation of Ghana). Nkrumah wasn’t perfect (later, he had unrealistic and huge taxation and economic chaos came about), but the legitimate policies of this leader should be respected. Too much reliance on the West for aid have caused Ghana many large debts owed to the World Bank and the IMF. The World Bank and the IMF are known for using debts as an excuse to further control many nations, especially those in the Third World. Nkrumah wanted a unified group of African nations to improve Africa. He was an architect of the OAS or the Organization of African States. Of course, I don't agree with globalist institutions. A famous Ghanaian is Kofi Annan, who was the ex-Secretary General of the United Nations. Annan is a new world order puppet and his relatives have ties to Freemasonry. So, we respect the Ghanaian independence as an inspiration that real changes can still occur in the world.

V. Not that many people realize that Black people have had a crucial history in Canada spanning numerous centuries. The African Canadian population have come from across the world from America, the Caribbean, Europe, Africa, South America, etc. From British Columbia to Nova Scotia, black history in Canada is widespread and it ought to be known. In 1605, Mathieu Da Costa is considered the first Black person to set foot in Canadian soil. Costa was a free man and he was a hired translator for Samuel de Champlain’s 1605 excursion. Even with Canada’s history, slavery unfortunately existed in Canada for a time. An African (who was given the name of Olivier Le Jeune) was enslaved by many people like Sir David Kirke and Jesuit Paul Le Jeune. By May 1, 1689, Louis XIV permitted slavery in the West Indies (among Black People and Pawnee Native Americans). Kings of France authorized slavery in New France, which included Canada in that time of 1709. Many black people tried all they could to be free from the evil of slavery. Marie-Joseph Angelique in the Spring of 1734 was tortured and hanged. She was accused of setting fire to her owner’s home in order to cover her escape (she was accused of destroying almost 50 homes as well). The British soon ruled Canada by 1760 and stated that blacks and Pawnee Native Americans would remain slaves in the Articles of Capitulation. The American Revolution allowed many black people to fight for the British in promises of freedom. In many cases, the British lied and many blacks remained slaves after the British lose the Revolutionary War. Some 100,000 black people fled into the British side during the Revolutionary War (under the encouragement of freedom by British Commander in Chief Sir Guy Carleton and Sir Henry Clinton back in 1777). There were a corp of free Blacks fighting in the Revolutionary War called the Black Pioneers. During the Revolutionary War, Free Blacks traveled into Nova Scotia as a safe haven. The famous Black Loyalist from Virginia David George preached in Nova Scotia back in 1784 to both white and black audiences. Even in Nova Scotia, discrimination against black people continued and a riot came up in July 26-27 called the Birchtown riot (when blacks just wanted to accept work at rates competitive with their white neighbors). Some black went into Sierra Leone to escape the discrimination in Nova Scotia. Canadians were shocked over the Cooley case where an enslaved girl from Queenstown was beaten by her own and sold into an America. This caused Lieutenant Governor Simcoe to call for the abolition of slavery in Candad. Slavery was gradually abolished in Canada by 1793. Black people in about 600 landed in Halifax from Jamaica to escape slavery. The Underground Railroad was famous for allowing black people to go into Canada as a safe haven. By August 28, 1833, Britain abolished slavery in all of its lands including Canada. Blacks in Canada like in Toronto worked with American blacks (plus others) to end slavery in the U.S. Henry Bibb chaired the famous September 10, 1851

North American Convention of Colored Freemen. After the Civil War, Mifflin Gibbs was elected as the first black politician in Canada (as apart of the Victoria Town Council) in 1866. Anderson Abbot became Canada's famous Black physician in 1861. He received the appointed aide-de-camp of the New York Commanding Officers Dept., the highest military honor bestowed to that time on a Black person in North America. Black Canadians served in WWI and WWII. The Nova Scotia Association for the Advancement of Coloured People (NSAACP) united civil rights forces. The NSAACP supported a black woman from Halifax named Viola Desmond. She was arrested for sitting in a “White only” section even though she was willing to buy the more expensive ticket. Caribbean festivals are still held in Toronto since all part of the Canadian West Indian population resides in the greater Toronto area. A black woman named Michaëlle Jean was sworn in as Canada's first Black governor general in September 27, 2005. Canadian history is very interesting and vital to comprehend. It’s apart of world history too. Canada is a wonderful, beautiful piece of land with tons of humble people.

VI. The black presence in Britain or the United Kingdom have existed for thousands of years. During the ages of the Roman conquest of Britain, some Black troops were sent into the province of Britannia and some were in other locations. In the 2nd and 3rd centuries, Roman soldiers of African origin served in Britain, and some stayed after their military service ended. According to the historians Fryer, Edwards and Walvin, in the 9th century Viking fleets raided North Africa and Spain, captured Black people, and took them to Britain and Ireland. The Moors were common in Europe as well. The Moors came from Spain and were made up of many ethnic groups. In the late Middle Ages, the black presence in Britain increased. The British was one of the leaders in the evil international slave trade as well. British leaders organized their part in the slave trade in the 1500’s. Millions of Africans were stolen from Africa and sent into the Americas. This is apart of the Black Diaspora. Some of the enslaved Africans including their children plus grandchildren went into Britain as well. Some slave-owners brought slave into Britain to work as servants. Black people were sold in British ports as well. 1593. An African named Cornelius has been recorded in London in 1593. Francis Williams was born in 1700 who was of Jamaican descent. He studied at Cambridge University and he ran a school in Spanish Town. King James IV (1473-1513) had black people back then utilized as servants. King James IV wanted to see a black baby as well. Many Europeans (not all) back then exploited black people as objects or items instead of treating black people as full human beings. Some of them were invited guests or musicians. In 1764, for example, the Gentleman's Magazine estimated that 20,000 Black people lived in London, a figure accepted by the anti-slavery campaigner Granville Sharp. Olaudah Equiano is a famous black British leader who opposed slavery and desired education in society. After, the UK abolished slavery, black people continued to fight for equality and freedom. Even in the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, the British refused to accept the Racial Equality Proposal made by the Japanese (at the insistence of Australia). David Pitt was a black man in Britain

during 1975 that brought a new voice to the House of Lords. Pitt condemned racism and wanted equality for all residents in Britain. Later, 4 black people were elected in the Parliament. In the end of the 1990’s, there are about a half of million black Londoners. In the UK total, there is about 1,448,000 black people in Britain. Caribbean and African cultural influences are in the Black UK community indeed. The Crimean war nurse Mary Seacole is a famous Black Briton (She has been voted the greatest Black Briton). Sir Trevor McDonald is a black famous journalist, who was born in Trinidad. The black woman named Shirley Bassey is the UK's most successful female artist of all time. Valarie Amos became the first black woman cabinet minister and the first black woman to become the leader of the House of Lords. The lesson here is that fundamentally, black people’s struggle for dignity and equality in the world is a human struggle. If a human regardless of his or her background is depleted of their liberties, it’s a threat against all of our freedoms. All people have a right to live in their own lives and have that basic incorporation of true liberty in their lives.

The image of the left is a black person in India. The young girl on the right is a young black Siddi girl living in India for real. So, the Black presence in India have existed for thousands of years.

VII. There is even an black/Indian friendship that has spread among a long time. I know what you’re thinking. Aren’t there tension among both peoples? There are among a small minority, but it’s also true that black culture and Indian culture have all been a great blessing among the human race. This doesn’t mean we ignore the bigoted caste system in some parts of India or the oppression occurring in India. We shouldn’t ignore at all. We should expose and oppose it. Now, there are even newer and deadlier Hindu extremist groups. They claim to be breakaway faction of the RSS (which is the most influential Hindu Extremist organization). These new Hindu extremists are called Abhinav Bharat (Pride of India), the Rashtriya Jagran Manch (National Revival Forum), the Sri Ram Sene (Army of god Rama), the Hindu Dharam Sena (Army for Hindu Religion) and the Sanatan Sanstha (Eternal Organization) These criminals have launced violent attacks on Christians and Muslims, who are minorities in India. The Sri Ram Sene have attacked Christians and their property in and around Mangalore city in the southern state of Karnataka in August-September 2008. In Jabalpur city in the central state of Madhya Pradesh, suspected extremists from the Abhinav Bharat attacked the Rhema Gospel Church on Sept. 28, according to the Global Council of Indian Christians. They had earlier attacked Pastor Sam Oommen and his family in the same city on Aug. 3. So, these extremists are evil and are an enemy. People have the right to embrace religious liberty without violence. I didn’t want to mention hate in this instance. I wanted to show historical truths, so in the coming years and decades folks can realize that many black people and Indian people hold each other in great respect and honor. Scholars believe that black people lived in India during the old Mohenjo-Daro civilization in ca. 2500 B.C. Migrations of black Africans coming into India for centuries afterward as well. Even the BBC mentioned that: “…Sea trade between east and southern Africa, and Gujarat in India was established more than 2,000 years ago…” One modern African culture in India is called the Sidis. "The damaal comes from Africa," explains Yunus, a blind man who is the chief drummer of Jambur. "The skill of playing has been passed down from father to son. It is a gift from God," he says. People in Jambur are Sufi Muslims who love to use drums and dance in their worship services.

South Africa is another example of how oppression should be opposed in any time. Southern Africa have people fighting for their liberty as well. As numerous scholars realize, the Bantu tribes mostly lived in this region of Africa. There were the King of the Methethwa being defeated in battle (whose name was Dingiswagyo. His stalwart lieutenant was Shaka Zulu). They were a branch of the Ngoni speakers of the Bantu people. The Bantu people migrated from West Africa into South Africa over the span of thousands of years. They were a very peaceful people. Conflicts came when fertile became dry. The conquered Methethwa people were and are called the Zulu. The

Dutch even in 1652 landed on the southernmost point of Africa (called the Cape of Good Hope today). The Dutch East India Company did this to create a settlement of supply station for trading ships (to go into Asia by way of the African coast. The Suez canal wasn't formed yet). The Dutch raised cattle and crops. They contacted the indigenous people of the Khiokoi and the San. Some of the Dutch colonists used enslaved Africans and Asians on their farms. Some used their sons to own a 6,000 acre lot with acquired forced labor to work. Later, Holland turned the settlement over to Britain. Britain banned slavery in 1832, so the Dutch went into the "open land." Long wagon trains of Dutch settlers came out. They pushed north and the Zulu pushed south. Soon, they were headed towards each other. Shaka Zulu used new weapons, training, tactics, and military organization to defeat his adversaries. His enemies fled him or absorved into the Zulu. Shaka formed Zululand as a huge expanding Kingdom by 1828 (after 10 years of hardcore fighting). Shaka wanted to touch European settlements. Shaka contacted traders already. He allowed them into Zululand with strict supervision. Shaka ultimately wanted access to European trade goods and access to their weaponry plus military knowledge. Shaka was such a genius that the British would use his ideas in

WWI and the Germans in WWII. Shaka was assassinated in 1828 by his brother in support of other commanders. One can only wonder what would of happened if Shaka reached the Europeans and advanced his technology even greater. His brother, Dingane, was no match for the Dutch who defeated him decisively at the Battle of Blood River in 1838. Soon, the Europeans expanded all over the South African coast. They competed for resources like diamonds. Britain wanted a piece of the action in South Africa because diamonds were discovered in the 1870's and gold was found in the 1880's. The British and the Boers (or Dutch people living in South Africa) competed for resources and land in the region. Therefore, Britain fought with the Dutch when the UK went in the interior of South Africa. The British was victorious in 3 years. By 1945, South Africa was granted independence as a country. The country was ruled by a small white minority. The evil of apartheid laws came about in 1948. This made racial discrimination a reality in every aspect of society even in the constitution of the country. Bigtory in apatheid existed in many formats. For example, The Prohibition of Mixed

Marriages Act of 1949 prohibited marriage between persons of different races and the Immorality Act of 1950 made sexual relations with a person of a different race a criminal offence. In reality, a person should marry who they want to. There have been peaceful methods to obtain justice. Black Africans, white Africans, Dr. Martin Luther King, and even Robert Kennedy opposed apartheid heavily in the 1960's. Dr. Martin Luther King wrote (in his book, entitled, “Where do we go from here: Chaos or Community”) about this apartheid that: “…The classic example

of organised and institutionalised racism is the Union of South Africa. Its national policy and practice are the incarnation of the doctrine of white supremacy in the midst of a population which is overwhelmingly Black. But the tragedy of South Africa is virtually made possible by the economic policies of the United States and Great Britain, two countries which profess to be the moral bastions of our Western world." Nelson Mandela in the 1960's was the leader of an armed struggle to make changes in South Africa. He was captured and imprisoned in 1964. He won't be released until decades later. The indigenous population was ultimately corralled into horrendous slums ("townships") in the cities and banished to largely infertile, resource-deprived areas of the countryside (or "bantustans"). Later, all of the adjacent European colonies gained their independence. In the early 1980s, the elite in South Africa repeatedly offered to release Nelson Mandela if he renounced armed struggle. Mandela refused to do so. Parliamentary opposition of apartheid was galvanised by Helen Suzman,

Colin Eglin and Harry Schwarz. People in South Africa suffered tragedies and deaths as well. Apartheid was so evil that America and other nations worldwide issued a boycott against South Africa (of all economic activities). In 1988, a combined force of Angolans, Namibians, South African freedom fighters and thousands of Cuban soldiers decisively defeated a large South African force. In 1990, Mandela was released without any precondition. The world celebrated. Soon, blacks were allowed to vote, enter the political process, and Nelson Mandela became President of South Africa. Mandela (who was award the Knight of the St. John of Jerusalem. Obviously, I don‘t agree with the agenda of the Knights of the St. John of Jerusalem) was the first black President of South Korea. Mandela lead his political party called the ANC or the African National Congress. During that period, though, in an attempt to divide and still rule, some in the white minority encouraged the Zulu to engage in violent conflict with other indigenous peoples. That has since stopped and Mandela has passed on the leadership to Thabo Mbeki. South Africa and its neighbors are the world's leaders in the source of gold, diamonds, platinum, uranium, copper, manganese, chrone, and other minority. South Africa has a AIDS problem, but in struggle, improvement can come in South Africa. African Americans in recent years have visited South Africa in high numbers to have a vacation and participate in programs to improve the conditions in the continent of Africa. South Africa is a land that all people have a right to live in and respect.

African leaders today exist all of the time like Genevieve Nnaji, Dr. Precious MoloiMotsepe, Femi Kut, Judge Mumba, Thandi Haruperi, and the actress Genevive Nnaji, other human beings. Genevive Nnaji is form the nation of Nigeria. She promotes fashion too. She grew up in the commercial capital of Nigeria called Lagos. There is the artist Dawn Okoro that captures the essence of womanhood. She utilized vivid colors in order to create fluid paintings. She drew images since she was young. Namibia is a nation that has a President and its framework is a democratic Republic. There is a multiparty system. The President of Namibia is elected to a 5 year term and is both of the head of the state and the head of the government. Their legislative branch is vested among the government, the bicameral Parliament, the National Assembly, and the National Council. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislative branches. Professor Amos Sawyer said that the youth leadership in Africa is necessary to “achieve the dream of making the 21st century the African century.” Real political and economic reforms are needed for Africa to achieve its real potential as well. African American leaders are abundant today as well.

Black Culture is still strong in the world. The Black Family will exist here and forever. Today, Africa is in a crossroads. Many places in Africa are growing economically and some are suffering heavily. The African journey isn't limited to Africa since that journey is made manifest globally. Black Americans have made great contributions, but still a lot is still needed to improve our communities. The CNN documentary "Black in America" lists the hopes, problems, contributions, and struggle of black Americans. It was hosted by CNN's Soledad O'Brian, who is partially black herself. A lot of other documentaries have done the same like "Eyes on the Prize." There are good news in the world as well. An Ethiopian native named Alfa Demmellash lives in America. Alfa fled Addis

Ababa into America when she was 2 years old. She is helping low income entrepreneurs in New Jersey. Many of them are people of color or African Americans, immigrants, the poor, etc. Now, these businesses are growing. Her nonprofit group is called "Rising Tide Capital," which provided training and support to more than 250 individuals. Most of these people are single mothers. Robin Mum is a woman who runs a flower shop in Jersey City that improve her business output with the skills that she learned through Demmellash. Kim Bratten, a 39-year-old painter and mother of six, says she's seen her yearly income increase by 50 percent since she started working with Demmellash and her team. "They put hope back into the community," Bratten says. Some people are fighting to help poor and minority citizens to enrich their lives with a just and fruitful education. There is a person who is named Steve Perry. He is the founder and principal of the Capital Preparatory Magnet School in Hartford, Connecticut. He wants solutions in the black community including fighting for improvements in education. He says that his program sent 100 percent of their graduates into the college of their choice. That’s an amazing achievement indeed. They work with poor students and some of them are the first generation of their families that attend college. He help to create other programs like college preparation via a 6 week summer program, after school tutoring and in school academic advising. I remember such academic advising when I was in high school many years ago. He talked with single mothers as well. Single mother struggle a lot to bring the best quality of life possible among their children. Perry believes that his program is a replacement toward failing schools. Sometimes common sense solutions can increase educational success like no fixed, centralized curriculum, educational diversity, etc. Perry assembled a team of many races since educational improvement knows no color. He worked with magnet schools (or places that are publicly funded and publicly themed based schools. They compete with unions and are subordinate to the local school board). Perry has a year round college preparatory uniform school for grades six to 12. Now, their schools try to be independent of union control in terms of organizing the curriculum and they don't that much care about money as long as results are achieved. A new superintendent from Hartford is more tolerant of Perry's proposals. Perry Capital Prep rejected some of the agenda of the highly centralized district and the educator's union. Today, his schools are a success since Capital Prep's 80 percent black/Latino, 60 percent poor students attend one of America's top high schools, according to US News & World Report. Truly, independent solutions are the real prescription to improve the success rate of education among our youth.

Regardless of what background that we are in in, we should dream big. If you want to be a doctor, a lawyer, a business person, an athlete, a musician, a scholar, an architect, a reporter, a public speaker, a police officer, teacher, writer, scientist, etc. that's fine. We should never give up. That same inspiration in our soul, we should elude that power in our lives. In the end, the racists and skeptics will never win. In this generation, a lot of the racists don't overtly use derogatory language in public. See, they use the slick tactic of using euphemisms or "code words" to outline their hate while denying being racist. The new code words are ghetto, aggressive, loud, and angry black person. First, ghetto is a location not a type of person one is. Many people who live in ghettos worldwide aren't violent or criminals at all. Many are very intelligent, college educated, and have wonderful children. So, everyone living in a certain neighborhood aren't monolithic at all. Racists see people as monoliths typically not as individuals or human beings possessing unique personalities. Racism accepts an extreme form of collectivism. Also, we should call people out if a person acts in racism (in words and actions). Secondly, just because a person may raise their voice once in a while, doesn't a person is inferior or unstable. There is nothing wrong with raising your voice once in a while to express a legitimate point (not in order to harass a person or harm a person emotionally). I'm tired

of get up by your boots straps and the get over it type propaganda. That's like saying to a Jewish person to their face to get over the Holocaust, which is wrong in my eyes. You move forward yes without bigotry (If you‘re an able bodied person, you ought not to be lackadaisical with you life. So, I believe in personal responsibility, but not personal denial of reality), but you don't forget the struggle. I want to make this point. Recently, there has been a lot of hatred and demonization of black women by some black men (plus other men in the Internet, books, etc.) and that’s disgusting. Never will I bash black women. Tons of my relatives are strong, black women. Blaming black women for all problems in the black community is the same lie and slander that racists really use against all people in general. This women bashing is apart racist propaganda in order to eliminate the black family and black unity in society. So, we know how this game is being played and I will never take the racists’ bait. Black women are a big

anchor in our community and all black women should be loved & respected with all of our hearts. So, the goal here is that we should protect our black women and all people. My life is my life. I will never use the experiences in my life as an excuse to bash women. Only cowards do that (If you hate black women, you hate yourself since we‘re all humans here. Real manhood is not about scapegoating females. Real Manhood is about standing up for oneself and handling your responsibilities as a man period). A coward is not a man. A real man will use meekness and strength to overcome challenges not show venom toward another person. If I can overcome challenges, anyone can overcome challenges. So, I will always respect black women and women of every ethnic group. Additionally, I don’t subscribe to collective male-bashing either since the mainstream media is using that as well. The males and the females have been marginalized unfairly on many levels in the world. So, I'm over the lies and stereotypes.

There is nothing wrong with black unity. There is nothing wrong with appreciating the whole human race either. I am a man, so I judge people on their actions not by the color of their skin. I don't believe in hating people, because of what they are or their background. I will always treat all people around me meekly and with respect.

That's apart of God's commandments and commonsense. I’m my own man so I don’t follow the agenda of Knight of St. Gregory Rupert Murdoch’s FOX News

or the CFR George Soros funded Think Progress media (which ironically supports the war in Afghanistan. Soros is a Bilderberger as well) site as well. Hence, the glory of Africa is here to stay. Africa’s glory is certainly a big parcel of the glorious nature of human existence. Africa has diverse people, but it’s unified in its history of excellence, composing of wonderful flora plus fluana, overcoming trials & tribulations, and being the precise origin of all of humankind. By Timothy

Goodbye for now. I always that faith, hope and optimism that the betterment of people can develop more radical improvement in the Earth. I’ll never lose my faith in God despite my mistakes in life. I’m still alive to express my words and here plus globally. The beauty of Africa is always something

that I will forever appreciate in my life. Peace