The 13 Tenses (tugas Kelompok).docx

TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS 13 TENSES

Nama Kelompok: 1. Imroatul Mufidah

(1552010007)

2. Dyah Prastiwi Andriyani

(1552010010)

3. Henryawan Laksono P.

(1552010029)

4. Sufyan Atsaury

(1552010081)

5. Khathryn Debora Y.

(1552010095)

TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “VETERAB” JAWA TIMUR 2019

THE 13 TENSES

I.

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE A. Usage The simple present is a verb tense with two main uses. We use the simple present tense when an action is happening right now, or when it happens regularly (or unceasingly, which is why it’s sometimes called present indefinite). Summary: Simple present adalah kata kerja dengan 2 kegunaan utama. Simple present digunakan saat kejadian yang sedang terjadi, atau kejadian yang terjadi secara teratur (atau tanpa henti). B. Time signals  Always

= Selalu

 Generally

= Umumnya

 Often

= Sering

 Habitually

= Biasanya

 Seldom

= Jarang

 Sometimes

= Terkadang

 Never

= Tidak pernah

 Every

= Setiap

 Ussualy

= Biasanya

 Once a week = Sekali seminggu

C. Pattern 1. Nominal Sentence (+) Subject + is / am / are + Adverb / Adjective / Noun (-) Subject + is / am / are + Not + Adverb / Adjective / Noun (?) Is / Am / Are + Subject + Adverb / Adjective / Noun? 2. Verbal Sentence (+) Subject + Verb1 (s / es) + Object + Adverb (-) Subject + do / does + not + Verb1 + Object + Adverb (?) Do / Does + Subject + Verb1 + Object + Adverb? *) Note: - (He, She, It) use (s / es) in the end of verb. - (He, She, It) use (does). (I, You, We, They) use (Do).

D. Examples 1. Nominal Sentence (+) You are beautiful every day. (-) You are not beautiful every day. (?) Are you beautiful every day? 2. Verbal Sentence (+) Marina practices the piano every day. (-) Marina does not practice the piano every day. (?) Does marina practice the piano every day?

II.

SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE A. Usage This tense use to describe an action that is going on at this moment, an action or event in the future, which has already been planned or prepared. Then this tense also used when describe a temporary event or situasion and to describe repeated actions. Summary: Simple present continuous digunakan saat menjelaskan kejadian yang sedang terjadi, kejadian yang akan datang, yang dimana sudah direncanakan atau dipersiapkan. Lalu juga untuk menjelaskan kejadian yang sementara dan juga saat kejadian yang berulang-ulang. B. Time signals  Now

= Sekarang

 Right now

= Sekarang juga

 At present

= Saat ini

 At this moment

= Saat ini

 This semester

= Semester ini

 Today

= Hari ini

 This week

= Minggu ini

 This month

= Bulan ini

C. Pattern (+) Subject + is / am / are + Verb-ing + Object + Adverb (-) Subject + is / am / are + not + Verb-ing + Object + Adverb (?) Is / Am / Are + Subject + Verb-ing + Object + Adverb? *) Note: - To be (is) for (He, She, It). - To be (am, are) for (I, You, We, They). D. Examples (+) He is watching TV now. (-) He is not watching TV now. (?) Is he watching TV now?

III. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE A. Usage Simple perfect tense is used to describe actions or events that have occurred in the past and have been completed at a certain time or still continue until now. Summary: Simple perfect tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan perbuatan atau peristiwa yang terjadi di masa lalu dan telah selesai ada waktu tertentu atau masih berlanjut hingga sekarang. B. Time signals  Already so far

= Sudah sejauh ini

 Until now

= Sampai sekarang

 Just now

= Baru saja

 Up to present

= Hingga sekarang

 Ever since

= Sejak

 Recently

= Baru-baru ini

 Lately

= Akhir-akhir ini

 All day

= Sepanjang hari

 All night

= Sepanjang malam

 All week

= Sepanjang minggu

C. Pattern 1. Nominal Sentence (+) Subject + have/has + been + Adverb / Adjective / Noun (-) Subject + have/has + not + been+ Adverb / Adjective / Noun (?) Have/has + Subject + been + Adverb / Adjective / Noun? 2. Verbal Sentence (+) Subject + have/has + Verb 3 (-) Subject + have/has + not + Verb3 (?) Have/has + Subject + Verb3 *) Note: - (Has) for (He, She, It). - (Have) for (I, You, We, They). D. Examples 1. Nominal Sentence (+) Toro has been handsome since just now. (-) Toro has not been handsome since just now. (?) Has Toro been handsome since just now? 2. Verbal Sentence (+) She has made an orange juice all week. (-) She hasn’t made an avocado juice all week. (?) Has she made an orange juice all week?

IV. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE A. Usage The present perfect continuous tense is used to show the event that has been completed at a point in the past followed by its relevance to the current condition. Summary: Present perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan kejadian yang telah selesai pada suatu titik dimasa lampau diikuti relevansiya dengan kondisi saat ini.

B. Time signals  So far

= Sejauh ini

 Since

= Sejak

 Recently

= Baru-baru ini

 Lately

= Akhir-akhir ini

 All day

= Sepanjang hari

C. Pattern (+) Subject + have/has + been + Verb1-ing (-) Subject + have/has + not + been + Verb1-ing (?) Have/has + Subject + been + Verb1-ing *) Note: - (Has) for (He, She, It). - (Have) for (I, You, We, They). D. Examples (+) Joni has been driving for 4 hours (-) Joni has not been driving for 4 hours (?) Has Joni been driving for 4 hours?

V.

SIMPLE PAST TENSE A. Usage The simple past tense indicates that an activity or situation began and ended at particular time in the past. Summary: Simple past tense menunjukkan bahwa suatu kegiatan atau situasi dimulai dan berakhir pada waktu tertentu di masa lalu. B. Time signals  This morning

= Tadipagi

 Yesterday

= Kemarin

 2 days ago

= 2 hari yang lalu

 Last night

= Tadimalam

 Last week

= Minggu lalu

 Last month

= Bulan lalu

 Last year

= Tahun lalu

 For a long time

= Untukwaktu yang lama

 An hour ago

= Satu jam yang lalu

C. Pattern 1. Nominal Sentence (+) Subject + was / were + Adverb / Adjective / Noun (-) Subject + was / were + not + Adverb / Adjective / Noun (?) Was / were + Subject + been + Adverb / Adjective / Noun? 2. Verbal Sentence (+) Subject + Verb 2 + Object / Complement (-) Subject + did + not + Verb1 + Object / Complement (?) Did + Subject + Verb1 + Object / Complement? *) Note: - (Was) for (I, He, She, It). - (Were) for (You, We, They). - Complement = Adverb, Noun, Adjective. D. Examples 1. Nominal Sentence (+) He was there for a long time. (-) He was not there for a long time. (?) Was he there for a long time? 2. Verbal Sentence (+) Daniel went to Surabaya last week. (-) Daniel did not go to Surabaya last week. (?) Did Daniel go to Surabaya last week?

VI. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE A. Usage Past continuous tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an event or an action which was happening in a certain time in the past.

Summary: Past continuous tense adalah sejenis tense yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa atau tindakan yang sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lalu. B. Time signals  All day yesterday

= Seharian kemarin

 The whole day yesterday = Sepanjang hari kemarin  When

= Ketika

 While

= Sementara

 As

= Sebagai

C. Pattern (+) Subject + was / were + Verb 1-ing + Object (-) Subject + was / were + not + Verb 1-ing + Object (?) Was / were + Subject + Verb 1-ing + Object? *) Note:

- (Was) for (I, He, She, It). - (Were) for (You, We, They).

D. Examples (+) She was sleeping all afternoon yesterday. (-) She was not sleeping all afternoon yesterday. (?) Was she sleeping all afternoon yesterday?

VII. PAST PERFECT TENSE A. Usage Past perfect tense is used to describe one action that happened before another action in the past. Summary: Past perfect tense digunakan untuk menggambarkan suatu tindakan yang terjadi sebelum tindakan lain di masa lalu. B. Time signals  After

= Setelah

 Before

= Sebelum

 As soon as = Sesegera  When

= Ketika

C. Pattern (+) Subject + had + Verb 3 + Object (-) Subject + had + not + Verb 3 + Object (?) Had + Subject + Verb 3 + Object D. Examples (+) My sister had slept when I come yesterday. (-) My sister had not slept when I come yesterday (?) Had my sister slept when I come yesterday?

VIII. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE A. Usage Past Perfect Continuous Tense, used to express an event that has started and is going on in the past, but now it doesn't happen again. Summary: Past Perfect Continuous Tense, digunakan untuk mengekspresikan suatu kejadian yang telah dimulai dan sedang berlangsung di masa lampau, namun saat ini sudah tidak terjadi lagi. B. Time signals  For

= Selama

 Since

= Sejak

 When

= Ketika

 After

= Sesudah

 Before

= Sebelum

 By last year

= Menjelang tahun yang lalu

 By yesterday

=Menjelang kemarin

C. Pattern (+) Subject + Had + Been + Ving + Object + Adverb (-) Subject + Had + Not + Been + (V1 + ing) + Object + Adverb (?) Had / Hadn’t + Subject + Been + (V1 + ing) + Object + Adverb ?

D. Examples (+) Catlea had been presenting her thesis- before her advisor arrived at the room (-) Catlea had not been presenting her thesis- before her advisor arrived at the room (?) Had / hand’t Catlea been presenting her thesis- before her advisor arrived at the room

IX. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE A. Usage Simple Future Tense is a simple form of verb that describes an action or event that will be carried out in the future. This verb is used to express desires (what will be done), to make predictions (predict what events will occur) and to make conditional sentences of sentence type 1 (if combined with other clauses using conjunction "if"). In addition, if it is arranged in the form of interrogative sentences, simple future tense can be used to make offers / offers (offers / orders) and suggestions / advice (suggestion / advice). Summary: Simple Future Tense merupakan kata kerja bentuk sederhana yang menerangkan suatu aksi atau peristiwa yang akan dilakukan di masa depan. Kata kerja ini digunakan untuk menyatakan keinginan (hal apa yang akan dilakukan), untuk membuat prediksi (memperkirakan peristiwa apa yang akan terjadi) dan untuk membuat kalimat pengandaian/ conditional sentence type 1 (jika digabung dengan clause lain menggunakan conjunction "if"). Selain itu, jika disusun dalam bentuk kalimat tanya (interrogative), simple future tense bisa untuk membuat tawaran/ permintaan (offer/order) dan saran/ nasehat (suggestion/advice). B. Time signals  Tomorrow…

= Besok…

 Tomorrow morning

= Besok pagi

 Tomorrow afternoon

= Besok siang

 Tomorrow evening

= Besok petang

 Tomorrow night

= Besok malam

 Next…

= … yang akan datang

 Next time

= Waktu yang akan datang

 Next week

= Minggu depan

 Next month

= Bulan depan

 Next year

= Tahun depan

 Tonight

= Malam ini

 Soon

= Segera

 Later

= Nanti

 By and by

= Sebentar lagi

 The day after tomorrow

= Besok lusa

C. Pattern 1. Nominal sentence (+) Subject + will / shall+ be + Noun / Adjective / Adverb (-) Subject + will / shall+ not+ be+ Noun / Adjective / Adverb (?) Will / shall + Subject+ be + Noun / Adjective / Adverb? Will / shall + not+ Subject + be + Noun / Adjective / Adverb ? 2. Verbal sentence (+) Subject + will / shall + Verb 1 + Object / Adverb (-) Subject + will / shall + not + Verb 1 + Object /Adverb (?) Will / shall + Subject + Verb 1 + Object / Adverb? Will / shall + not + Subject + Verb 1 + Obejct /Adverb D. Examples 1. Nominal sentence (+) They shall be a pilot. (-) They shall be a pilot. (?) ShallThey be a pilot ?

2. Verbal sentence (+) He will teach you English this evening. (-) He will not teach you English this evening. (?) WillHe teach you English this evening ?

X.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE A. Usage Future continuous tense is a form of sentence or phrase that has a function to show that something will happen in the future and continue for the expected period of time. Summary: Future continous tense merupakan bentuk kalimat atau ungkapan yang memiliki fungsi untuk menunjukkan bahwa sesuatu akan terjadi di masa depan dan terus berlanjut untuk jangka waktu yang diharapkan. B. Time signals 

Tomorrow

= Besok



While

= Sementara



When

= Ketika



If

= Jika



At this time tomorrow

= Pada waktu ini besok



At this time next year

= Pada saat ini tahun depan



Next summer

= Musim panas selanjutnya



By this time tomorrow

= Pada waktu seperti sekarang besok

C. Pattern (+) Subject + will + be + (Verb1 + ing) + Object / Adjective (-) Subject + will + not + be + (Verb1 + ing) + Object / Adjective (?) Will + Subject + be + (Verb1+ ing) + Object / Adjective ? D. Examples (+) Indonesia will be celebrating the independence day next week (-) Indonesia will not be celebrating the independence day next week (?) Will Indonesia be celebrating the independence day next week ?

XI. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE A. Usage The future perfect is used to express an activity that will be completed before another time or event in the future. Summary: Future perfect digunakan untuk menggambarkan suatu kegiatan yang akan diselesaikan sebelum waktu atau acara lain di masa depan. B. Time signals (By + Indefinite time)  By this weekend

= Menjelang akhir pekan

 By the end of this week

= Menjelang akhir minggu ini

 By next month

= Menjelang bulan depan

C. Pattern (+) Subject + shall / will + have / has + Verb 3 + Object / Complement (-) Subject + shall / will + not + have / has + Verb 3 + Object / Complement (?) Shall / will + Subject + have / has + Verb 3 + Object / Complement? *) Note:

- Complement = Adjective, Noun, Adverb - (Has) for (He, She, It). - (Have) for (I, You, We, They).

D. Examples (+) I will have submitted my essay by the end of this month. (-) I will not have submitted my essay by the end of this month. (?) Will I have submitted my essay by the end of this month?

XII. PAST FUTURE TENSE A. Usage The past future tense is used to express an event that will be carried out in the past. In this event, the incident was not / has not been done. Summary:

Past future tense digunakan untuk menyatakan sebuah kejadian yang akan dilakukan pada waktu lampau. Dalam peristiwa ini, kejadiannya tidak/belum dilakukan. B. Time signals  Last week

= Minggu lalu

 Last month

= Bulan lalu

 Last year

= Tahun lalu

 Ago

= Lalu

 The other day

= Dulu

 The day before

= Sebelum hari ini

C. Pattern (+) Subject + should / would + Verb 1 + Object / Complement (-) Subject + should / would + not + Verb 1 + Object / Complement (?) Should / would + Subject + Verb 1 + Object / Complement? *) Note: Complement = Adjective, Noun, Adverb D. Examples (+) Yesterday she would come to my house but the day was raining. (-) Yesterday she would not come to my house because the day was raining. (?) Would she come to my house because the day was raining yesterday?

XIII. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE A. Usage The past future perfect tense is used to express an action or event that will have been carried out before a predetermined time in the past. Summary: Past future perfect tense digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan atau peristiwa yang akan telah dilakukan sebelum waktu yang telah ditentukan pada waktu yang akan lampau. B. Time signals

If

= Jika

C. Pattern (+) Subject + should / would + have / has + Verb 3 + Object / Complement (-) Subject + should / would + not + have / has + Verb 3 + Object / Complement (?) Should / would + Subject + have / has + Verb 3 + Object / Complement? *) Note: - Complement = Adjective, Noun, Adverb - (Has) for (He, She, It). - (Have) for (I, You, We, They). D. Examples (+) They should have worked if they had graduated. (-) They should not have worked if they had not graduated. (?) Should they have worked if they had graduated?

List of Verbs

1. Regular Verbs: No

V1

V2 – V3

Meaning

Plus “-d” in the end of verb 1

Advise

Advised

Menasehati

2

Admire

Admired

Mengagumi

3

Announce

Announced

Mengumumkan

4

Bake

Baked

Memanggang

5

Believe

Believed

Mempercayai

6

Close

Closed

Menutup

7

Like

Liked

Menyukai

8

Manage

Managed

Mengatur

9

Measure

Measured

Mengukur

10

Move

Moved

Memindahkan

11

Observe

Observed

Mengamati

12

Pause

Paused

Berhenti sejenak

13

Smoke

Smoked

Merokok

14

Use

Used

Memakai

Plus “-ed” in the end of verb 15

Add

Added

Menambahkan

16

Answer

Answered

Menjawab

17

Ask

Asked

Menanyakan

18

Follow

Followed

Mengikuti

19

Help

Helped

Membantu

20

Listen

Listened

Mendengarkan

21

Lock

Locked

Mengunci

22

Match

Matched

Cocok

23

Open

Opened

Membuka

24

Own

Owned

Memiliki

No

V1

V2 – V3

Meaning

25

Repeat

Repeated

Mengulang

26

Repair

Repaired

Menperbaiki

27

Reject

Rejected

Menolak

28

Search

Searched

Mencari

29

Talk

Talked

Berbicara

30

Want

Wanted

Menginginkan

31

Watch

Watched

Menonton

32

Visit

Visited

Mengunjungi

33

Zoom

Zoomed

Memperbesar

“-y” change to “-I” plus “-ed” 34

Bury

Buried

Mengubur

35

Carry

Carried

Membawa

36

Copy

Copied

Menyalin

37

Cry

Cried

Menangis

38

Empty

Emptied

Mengosongkan

39

Hurry

Hurried

Mempercepat

40

Identify

Identified

Mengidentifikasi

41

Marry

Married

Menikah

42

Reply

Replied

Menjawab

43

Study

Studied

Belajar

44

Supply

Supplied

Menyediakan

45

Try

Tried

Mencoba

“-y” still being “-y” plus “-ed” in the end of verb 46

Annoy

Annoyed

Menjengkelkan

47

Betray

Betrayed

Mengkhianati

48

Convey

Conveyed

Menyampaikan

49

Delay

Delayed

Menunda

50

Employ

Employed

Mempekerjakan

51

Enjoy

Enjoyed

Menikmati

No

V1

V2 – V3

Meaning

52

Play

Played

Bermain

53

Pray

Prayed

Berdoa

Double consonant 54

Admit

Admitted

Mengizinkan

55

Ban

Banned

Melarang

56

Beg

Begged

Meminta

57

Cancel

Cancelled

Membatalkan

58

Fit

Fitted

Cocok

59

Hug

Hugged

Memeluk

60

Occur

Occurred

Terjadi

61

Jog

Jogged

Berlari perlahan

62

Permit

Permitted

Mengizinkan

63

Plan

Planned

Berencana

64

Plug

Plugged

Mengisi

65

Rob

Robbed

Merampok

66

Rub

Rubbed

Menggosok

67

Ship

Shipped

Mengirimkan

68

Travel

Travelled

Berpergian

69

Trap

Trapped

Menjebak

70

Zip

Zipped

Menutup Resleting

2. Irregular Verbs: No

V1

V2

V3

Meaning

V1, V2, V3 are same 1

Cut

Cut

Cut

Memotong

2

Hit

Hit

Hit

Memukul

3

Let

Let

Let

Membiarkan

4

Put

Put

Put

Meletakkan

5

Quit

Quit

Quit

Meninggalkan

No 6

V1 Read

V2

V3

Meaning

Read

Read

Membaca

V1 and V3 are same 7

Come

Came

Come

Datang

8

Become

Became

Become

Menjadi

9

Run

Ran

Run

Berlari

V2 and V3 are same 10

Bleed

Bled

Bled

Berdarah

11

Bring

Brought

Brought

Membawa

12

Build

Built

Built

Membangun

13

Catch

Caught

Caught

Menangkap

14

Feed

Fed

Fed

Memberi makan

15

Feel

Felt

Felt

Merasa

16

Find

Found

Found

Menemukan

17

Have

Had

Had

Mempunyai

18

Hold

Held

Held

Menahan

19

Keep

Kept

Kept

Menjaga

20

Lead

Led

Led

Memimpin

21

Meet

Met

Met

Bertemu

22

Sleep

Slept

Slept

Tidur

V1, V2, V3 are different 23

Break

Broke

Broken

Istirahat

24

Choose

Chose

Chosen

Memilih

25

Forget

Forgot

Forgotten

Melupakan

26

Get

Got

Gotten

Mendapatkan

27

Speak

Spoke

Spoken

Berbicara

28

Steal

Stole

Stolen

Mencuri

29

Write

Wrote

Written

Menulis

30

Wake

Woke

Woken

Bangun