Test K-des 3

Test

K-DES®

N.3 Applied in Pigs avoids the decomposition

and allows the preservation of organic matter. www.abc-des.com TO SUMMARIZE: -

Product K-DES® is a 25% water solution that avoids the decomposition and allows the preservation of organic matter, not only when applied by spraying but also when applied by immersion.

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Product K-DES® is a 25% water solution that avoids the decomposition and allows the preservation of organic matter, even after the process of decomposition has already started.

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Product K-DES® can be reused without reducing its preserving effect, avoids the decomposition and allows the preservation of organic matter.

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When used by spraying, product K-DES® preserves and avoids the decomposition and allows the preservation of organic matter for over 96 hours. The application of a 25% water solution of K-DES® provides the samples with an insect repellent and leaves them soft enough to ease its future treatment and elimination.

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For the reason that K-DES® must be applied by spraying when a farming scope is concerned, and waiting for new tests for this to be confirmed, we can draw the conclusion that bodies can remain for a period of 96 hours without great inconvenience for the environment.

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K-DES® is a nontoxic product, nor ADR, which avoids the decomposition and allows the preservation of organic matter, helping the bio safety of the environment in which it is applied.

http://www.abc-des.com/informacioning.htm

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TEST K-DES III Completed between 4th and 9th of August 2006

www.abc-des.com

INDEX Previous notes on the test ................................................................... 2 Day 0. Inicio – 04-08-2006 .................................................................. 4 Day 1 – 05-08-2006............................................................................ 7 Day 2 – 06-08-2006............................................................................. 9 Day 3 – 07-08-2006........................................................................... 12 Day 4 – 08-08-2006........................................................................... 15 Day 5 – 09-08-2006........................................................................... 19 Statistics Summary............................................................................ 22 Conclusions....................................................................................... 29

Test K-DES® III

0BUPrevious notes on the test

Previous notes on the test

Objective The aim is to check the application protocol that has been designed by our technical department for the use of product K-DES® by spraying on pigs, in order to assess its effects as a disinfectant, repellent and preservative of organic matter. So, two pigs were taken, one of them labeled as reference sample, with no product being applicated on it, and the other one was sprayed on with a solution of K-DES® every 48 hours, following the established protocol.

Test Conditions Across this document, daily observed conditions are referred to. It can be added up that samples have been maintained in the open air, therefore under the effects of the environment, and subjected to likely flies and insects action, proper of the rural environment in which they were staying. The test took place during the period between the 4th and 9th of August 2006 in the I+D+I Technological Scientific Centre of Teaxul S.A. company, in the town of Baiona, province of Pontevedra. It has to be noticed that we have been under very high temperatures, uncharacteristic of the zone, with the start and development of the test taking place at the same time as many forest fires, mainly in Cangas, situated in the other side of the bay, what caused very thick smoke clouds, making visibility and breathing difficult in the zone where the test took place. This, together with atmospheric conditions of around 960 hPa and a relative humidity of 50%, was the cause of very specific and extreme environmental conditions across the test.

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Test K-DES® III

0BUPrevious notes on the test

For the assessment of the treatment, variables such as appearance, smell, flies and insects presence, were used. All of them symptoms of decomposition that are not subjective issues anymore, due to the important effects observed as a consequence of K-DES® application, when compared to the reference sample. The person in charge of the study, Mr. Javier Chávez, is an expert in embalming, with many years of experience in human and animal corpse handling, which gives him a knowledge to detect small details, proper of organic matter decomposition, which are referred to in this report. Also, across the execution of the test, we counted on the experience and knowledge of the veterinary surgeon Dr. Luis Couto and on the technical support of Mr. Xulio César Gonzalez, manager of Teaxul, S.A. and the I+D+I Technological Scientific Center that this company owns in Baiona, where the trials took place. We thank them for their advice and collaboration given across the whole test.

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Test K-DES® III

1BUDay 0. Inicio – 04-08-2006

Day 0. Inicio – 04-08-2006 Before the start of the test Pigs were sacrificed at 2,00 pm, being taken to the test place at 5 pm, and being left in a meadow, separated a distance of 10 metres from each other, in order to avoid that corpse fauna from one animal could cause any effect on the other. Then, the first application of the product was done, with an air temperature of 34ºC, moment shown by next pictures. The study consisted of two pigs, one of them used as a reference sample, labelled as A, though the other one, labelled as B, was sprayed on with a litre of a 25% water solution of the product. Right after the application of the product on pig B was concluded, first flies around the reference animal started to appear.

Start of the test OBSERVATIONS K-DES® is a translucent product, not crystalline, of quick action and with a very particular smell, what allows to differenciate treated from non-treated samples, in a secure and easy way. Application of the product is done in an easy way by pressurized spraying on the bodies to be treated, which easies the adhearence of the product to the body surface, thus getting a high grade of impregnation. As mentioned above, 2 pigs were selected, and classified as follows: First pig (A) was used as a reference, not being previously treated. Second pig (B) was sprayed on with, approximately, a litre of a 25% water solution of K-DES®.

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Test K-DES® III

1BUDay 0. Inicio – 04-08-2006

REFERENCE - A

SPRAYING – B

SPRAYING – B

During application, spraying was made mainly on soft areas and orifices of entrance to the animal body, namely mouth, ears, anus, abdominal zone and a wound that was made in the neck during the animal sacrifice.

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Test K-DES® III

1BUDay 0. Inicio – 04-08-2006

Next pictures show the environment in which the test was carried out.

As it can be observed, there is no protection against insolation and conditions are the same as the ones given in plain nature, being the same ones as if the animal was left aside in the farming exploitation premises.

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Test K-DES® III

2BUDay 1 – 05-08-2006

Day 1 – 05-08-2006 First day of study. Sample measurements were made at 5 pm, with an air temperature of 35ºC. No application of K-DES® was done on the recipient sample. During the first 24 hours, and just by looking at it, initial effects on the reference animal could be observed, i.e. releasing of excrements and the action of flies on the corpses. The fact that the amount of flies was very large caused, along 24 hours, the acceleration of the decomposition process and for the smell to be very noticeable. As for pig B, that was treated with K-DES®, a characteristic smell of the product could be perceived, with just a few flies around the animal that would not land on it due to the repellent effect of the product. As it can be seen, the difference between both animals is noticeable just by looking at them, only after 24 hours.

REFERENCE – A

SPRAYING – B

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Test K-DES® III

2BUDay 1 – 05-08-2006

REFERENCE – A

SPRAYING – B

Flies tend to land on soft areas and on orifices of entrance to the body (mouth, anus, wounds,...) and, as it can be observed in these pictures, after 24 hours, mouth colonization has already started. It must be had into account that, though we can only see the external part of it in the pictures, flies are also doing their work in the inside.

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Test K-DES® III

3BUDay 2 – 06-08-2006

Day 2 – 06-08-2006 Second day of study. 6th of August, at 5 pm, with an air temperature of 35ºC. Temperatures reached 36ºC along the day and the effect of the smoke from forest fires in near towns were evident. Conditions were so extreme that, as it can be proved from next pictures, the thermometer that was being used for the test, went broken.

Sample A - Reference On this day, we can already observe the advanced state of decomposition of reference pig, as well as a large amount of worms, flies and a big swelling all over its body. Putrefaction smell is very strong, thus making almost unbearable to stay close to the animal.

Sample B - Spraying As for pig B, smell of K-DES® is still perceptible and, just by looking at it, no great changes can be observed, only a slight swelling in the head, due to anaerobic fermentations caused by organisms in charge of decomposition. Since at the time of the check, it had been 48 hours from the first application of KDES® , a new application of the product was done on animal B.

REFERENCE – A

SPRAYING – B

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Test K-DES® III

3BUDay 2 – 06-08-2006

REFERENCE – A

SPRAYING – B

The presence of many flies in the anal area of the reference animal can be observed, as well as excrement and internal liquids spilling, in both cases. This is a common phenomenon caused by internal decomposition process, since we only intend to slow down its effect by the use of K-DES®

In the pictures on the left, a detail of the reference animal head can be seen, after turning it upside down and being able to see the side that was touching the ground. If carefully observed, we will note that the surface is full of larvae, fact that is not happening on the animal that was treated with K-DES® as we can check in next picture.

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Test K-DES® III

3BUDay 2 – 06-08-2006

In this picture, apart from checking the state of the head of the animal that has been treated with K-DES®, we can also see the temperature reached by the thermometer that, as seen in this picture, went broken.

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Test K-DES® III

4BUDay 3 – 07-08-2006

Day 3 – 07-08-2006 Third day of study. Along the day 7th of August, temperatures were still very high, with an air temperature of 35ºC at 5 pm.

Sample A - Reference The amount of internal and external insects is very noticeable on reference animal, with its effects on the animal corpse being observed perfectly. At this moment, the smell expelled by this animal is very unpleasant and nauseating, as we can guess once we have seen its grade of decomposiiton.

Sample B- Spraying In pig B, not many changes can be observed, after the second application of the product has been done. After applying the product, the few insects that were present were eliminated by the action of K-DES®, what made it easier to slow down the natural process of decomposition. In the next pictures, differences between both animals can be observed.

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Test K-DES® III

4BUDay 3 – 07-08-2006

REFERENCE – A

SPRAYING – B

REFERENCE – A

SPRAYING – B

REFERENCE – A

SPRAYING – B

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Test K-DES® III

4BUDay 3 – 07-08-2006

REFERENCE – A

SPRAYING – B

This is the appearance of the animals once they have been turned upside down in order to observe the side that was touching the ground.

REFERENCE – A

SPRAYING – B

In this set of pictures we can see how flies attack all the soft areas and orifices of entrance to the reference animal body, as well as the presence of many larvae in all those areas. In some of them the tissues have been already destroyed. As for the animal that has been sprayed on with K-DES®, there are some signs of internal decomposition, but very slight if compared to the reference animal’s. No larvae can be seen outside due to the repellent effect of K-DES®, which keeps them inside the body.

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Test K-DES® III

5BUDay 4 – 08-08-2006

Day 4 – 08-08-2006 Fourth day of study. Day 8th of August. Data take was done at 5 pm, with an air temperature of 32ºC.

Sample A – Reference In case A, the action of internal insects and necrophagous fly larvae, have caused the expelling of gases and the widely extended consumption of the animal soft tissues, thus getting the animal into an advanced stage of decomposition, only after four days from the sacrifice, as we can check in next pictures. As it can be guessed from its state, the smell expelled by the animal could be clearly perceived from several metres away.

Sample B – Spraying Animal B showed the first internal worms since, as indicated before, application of K-DES® by spraying can slow down the external process of decomposition, but it cannot stop it. However, the amount is very small, and they don´t accelerate the decomposition process since, right after coming out, they die because of the effect of the product that is present. The smell of pig B is not very significant and its appearance is not deteriorated very much. Since this data take was done after 96 hours from the start of the test, a third and last application was done on animal B.

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Test K-DES® III

5BUDay 4 – 08-08-2006

REFERENCE – A

SPRAYING – B

REFERENCE – A

SPRAYING – B

REFERENCE – A

SPRAYING – B

It shows the presence of many larvae and internal insects appeared in the reference animal, in the head, abdominal and anal areas.

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Test K-DES® III

5BUDay 4 – 08-08-2006

REFERENCE – A

SPRAYING – B

REFERENCE – A

SPRAYING– B

As it can be seen in these pictures, the stage of decomposition of reference animal, if compared to the state of the animal that has been treated with K-DES®, is very significant, and we can clearly see and just by looking at it, the benefits provided by the treatment with this product, after 96 hours from the sacrifice.

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Test K-DES® III

5BUDay 4 – 08-08-2006

After turning the animal upside down in order to see the evolution of decomposition under the body, a high grade of dehydration as well as the size and amount of present larvae can be observed.

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Test K-DES® III

6BUDay 5 – 09-08-2006

Day 5 – 09-08-2006 Fifth day of study. Day 9th of August, at 5 pm, with an air temperature of 34ºC, moment at which the observation was done.

Sample A – Reference In next pictures we can observe the advanced stage of decomposition of the animal after having been kept 5 days in the open air. It shows the disappearance of most part of the tissue and organs, in the head as well as in the abdominal areas, with many necrophagous insects being present (larvae, worms, ...), which were in the inside feeding themselves.

Sample B - Spraying In case B, once again, the effect of K-DES® application over the external decomposition process can be observed.

REFERENCE – A

SPRAYING – B

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Test K-DES® III

6BUDay 5 – 09-08-2006

REFERENCE – A

SPRAYING – B

Note the organ disappearance in animal A, as well as the great amount and big size of larvae, unlike B, which is kept in a significant state of preservation.

REFERENCE – A

SPRAYING – B

REFERENCE – A

SPRAYING – B

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Test K-DES® III

6BUDay 5 – 09-08-2006

Enlargement of the picture of the reference animal above, on the fifth day of test.

This is the state of the reference animal, at 10,30 pm on the last day of test, right before removing it for its elimitation.

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Test K-DES® III

7BUStatistics Summary

Statistics Summary Now, a chart summary of observations done by the expert, is shown. Temperatures Day T at data take instant (ºC) Maxcimum T (ºC)

1

0

1

2

3

4

5

34

35

35

35

32

34

28

30

32

30

31

28

Chart of Temperature

Degrees Celsius

40 35 30 Data take time

25

Maximum (1)

20 15 10 5 0 Day 0

Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Days

Note: It has to be remarked that temperatures on these dates were influenced by the large amount of forest fires in the region, having conditions of atmospheric pressure and relative humidity that were not common for the region.

1

This temperatures were measured in Santa María de Oía observatory, which is located a

few kilometres away from Baiona, at an altitude of 450 metres, what means a difference of 4 or 5 degrees between the temperature reached during the study and official temperature. Besides, it has to be taken into account that measurement points in observatories are always sheltered, what means that measurements values are lower than those registered in the open air.

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Test K-DES® III

7BUStatistics Summary

On the other hand, it has to be remarked that pigs were lying in a meadow, in the open air, and exposed to around 11 hours of insolation a day, with no rains all along the study.

Smell Evaluation of registered data: 0 Proper smell of product K-DES®. 5 Unpleasant smell due to decomposition processes. 10 Unbearable smell due to decomposition processes. Day

0

1

2

3

4

5

Sample A

0

3

6

9

10

10

Sample B

0

0

1

2

3

4

Chart of Smell 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Sample A Sample B

Day 0

Day 1

Day 2

Day 3 Days

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Day 4

Day 5

Test K-DES® III

7BUStatistics Summary

Presence of external insects (flies and others) Evaluation of registered data: 0 no insects. 5 considerable amount of insects. 10 many insects.

Day

0

1

2

3

4

5

Sample A

2

5

7

8

6

3

Sample B

0

0

0

1

3

3

Chart of Presence of external insects 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Sample A Sample B

Day 0

Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Days

Note: The amount of insects that were present around reference animal was smaller on the last day of test, since the state of decomposition of the animal was no longer attractive to flies, and most of the tissues were already disappeared.

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Test K-DES® III

7BUStatistics Summary

Presence of internal insects (larvae and necrophagous ones) Assessment of registered data: 0 no larvae and/or necrophagous insects. 5 considerable amount of larvae and/or necrophagous insects. 10 many larvae and/or necrophagous insects.

Day

0

1

2

3

4

5

Sample A

0

0

5

7

10

10

Sample B

0

0

0

3

3

4

Chart of Presence of internal insects 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Sample A Sample B

Day 0

Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Days

Note: it must be recalled that, larvae and necrophagous insects that were observed, died once in touch with K-DES®.

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Test K-DES® III

7BUStatistics Summary

Other signs of decomposition Swelling Evaluation of registered data: 0 no body swelling due to decomposition processes. 5 moderate body swelling due to decomposition processes. 10 big body swelling due to decomposition processes.

Day

0

1

2

3

4

5

Sample A

0

3

7

9

7

1

Sample B

0

1

3

3

4

5

Chart of Swelling 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Sample A Sample B

Day 0

Day 1

Day 2 Day 3 Days

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Day 4

Day 5

Test K-DES® III

7BUStatistics Summary

Dehydration Evaluation of registered data: 0 no body dehydration due to decomoposition processes. 5 moderate grade of body dehydration due to decomposition processes. 10 high grade of body dehydration due to decomposition processes.

Day

0

1

2

3

4

5

Sample A

0

0

0

3

5

8

Sample B

0

0

0

0

0

0

Chart of Dehydration 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Sample A Sample B

Day 0

Day 1

Day 2

Day 3 Days

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Day 4

Day 5

Test K-DES® III

7BUStatistics Summary

Comparative chart of observed parameters

10 8 6 4 2 0

Whithout Whith

Whithout

Whith

Whithout

Whith Whithout

Whith Whithout

Whith

K-DES® K-DES® K-DES® K-DES® K-DES® K-DES® K-DES® K-DES® K-DES® K-DES® Smell

Presence of Ext. Insects Day 0 Day 1

Presence of Int. Insects Day 2 Day 3

Swelling Day 4

Dehydration Day 5

This chart shows all the measurements appeared in charts above, thus we can check the differences between the animal which has been sprayed on with K-DES® and the one which has not.

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Test K-DES® III

8BConclusions

Conclusions Results obtained from the test that has been carried out with pigs and to which this documents refers, corroborate conclusions on the biocidal, repellent, and preservative of organic matter effect of K-DES® , which notably contributes to the preservation of a more hygienic environment, thus avoiding unpleasant situations and, even, zoonosis that is likely to arise from those situations, and transmision of illnesses. According to the test, and after having specifically analyzed the results, we can draw the following conclusions: -

K-DES® reduces unpleasant smell, proper of organic matter putrefaction.

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K-DES® very notably reduces the amount and size of larvae and necrophagous insects, proper of animal corpses internal decomposition.

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K-DES® reduces body swelling, proper of body putrefaction.

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K-DES® reduces body dehydration, proper of animal corpses putrefaction.

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As a summary of all the above mentioned, we must draw the conclusion that product K-DES®, causes the effect of preventing decomposition of organic matter once it has been applied by spraying, thus slowing down the process.

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K-DES® causes the effect of stopping the process of decomposition of organic matter, even when it is in an advanced stage.

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K-DES® causes a repellent effect against flies and insects, providing the bodies with protection against external agents action, what can intervene in the process of putrefaction of organic matter.

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Product K-DES®, preserves and prevents organic matter from decomposition for a period of over 96 hours.

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The repellent effect of K-DES® avoids flies landing on the corpses and the of egg-laying process, as well as it prevents bodies from being a vehicle of infection and from accelerating the process of decomposition.

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Test K-DES® III

8BConclusions

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Due to its biocidal effect, K-DES® eliminates larvae born in the inside as soon as they come outside.

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On the other hand we can draw the conclusion that, if applied in the way it has been done through this test, it means an alteration to corpse fauna development. Although this development at an internal level cannot be avoided, it has been modified and reduced, (having a smaller amount of larvae with a smaller size). This phenomenon might be caused due to the impossibility of larvae coming outside, because of the repellent and biocidal effect of the product, or due to the alterations caused by the product at an external level, which are transmitted to the interior of the corpse, thus changing internal conditions.

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These results have been achieved from a reduced number of pigs, but if extrapolated to an exploitation with a bigger number of corpses, flies and other insects living in the environment, we reckon that flies and insects would act much sooner and with a greater intensity, thus accelerating the process of putrefaction, mainly in individuals that have not been treated with K-DES® and so making the differences clearer to observation.

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So, we could draw the conclusion that, the applicaiton of a solution of K-DES® by spraying on an animal corpse after its death, and repeating the application every 48 hours, would slow down the processes of putrefaction and decomposition for a period of over 96 hours, without causing unpleasant or harmful effects to the environment where the corpse is being preserved, thus avoiding the spreading of contagious illnesses and keeping a cleaner and more hygienic environment.

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