T3 B5 Hurley Timelines Fdr- 1st Pgs Of All Reference Material In Folder (for Reference- Fair Use)

: Al Qaeda

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.,)NTW WIEHDW F08M« SPONSORED Elf

March 25,2004

Target: Al Qaeda

S

ome of the American intelligence community's actions relating to Osama bin Laden during the five years before Sept. 11, 2001, according to reports released by the commission investigating the September attacks:

1996 The C.I.A.'s Counterterrorist Center creates a special "issue station" devoted exclusively to Mr. bin Laden, who is considered to be a terrorist financier. MAY Mr. bin Laden leaves Sudan for Afghanistan. 1997 By early 1997, the issue station is aware that Mr. bin Laden is not just a financier but an organizer of terrorist activity. C.I. A. headquarters authorizes American officials to begin developing a network of agents to gather intelligence in Afghanistan and prepare a plan to capture Mr. bin Laden.

1998 AUG. 7 Car bombings of American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania kill 224 people and wound thousands. After the bombings, President Bill Clinton authorizes the C.I.A. to undertake offensive operations in Afghanistan against Mr. bin Laden. Operations are planned using local Afghan groups who would ambush Mr. bin Laden if the opportunity arose. The groups reported that on about six occasions before Sept. 11, they considered attacking Mr. bin Laden, but had to abort the operations. AUG. 20 Cruise missile strikes are launched against suspected terrorist sites in Afghanistan and Sudan, but neither Mr. bin Laden nor other terrorist leaders are killed. DECEMBER After receiving intelligence that Mr. bin Laden is in Kandahar, Afghanistan, cruise missile strikes are prepared, but they are not carried out because of concerns about the quality of the intelligence and possible civilian casualties.

1999

http://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/25/politics/25HUNT-TIME.html?pagewanted=print&po... 3/25/2004

JURT TV ONLINE - TOP NEWS

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Man says was recruited by bin Laden for suicide attack on U.S. Embassy in Paris PARIS (AP) — A French-Algerian man has provided authorities with intricate details of a plot to carry out a suicide mission against the U.S. Embassy in Paris, saying he was recruited by Osama bin Laden's deputy and told the time to act had come, officials said Tuesday. Djamel Beghal, 35, a French-Algerian, was extradited to France from the United Arab Emirates on Sunday and questioned in connection with an alleged terrorist ring. Beghal outlined the plot for a suicide mission against the U.S. Embassy in Paris that was to be carried out before March of next year, according to court officials, who spoke on condition of anonymity. He said an attack was also planned for an American cultural center but embassy officials said Tuesday there is no such center. The embassy declined to comment on the alleged plot other than to say in a statement: "This is part of an ongoing investigation by French authorities, in whom we have full confidence." According to the plan, another man — Nizar Trabelsi, a Tunisian who was arrested Sept. 13 in Belgium — was to penetrate the embassy, strapped with explosives, while a minivan was to be detonated outside the cultural section, Beghal told the court during 11 hours of questioning Monday. Beghal told the judge that he had signed a pact in March with bin Laden's deputy, Abu Zubaydah, in Afghanistan, where he trained in a camp run by bin Laden's al-Qaida organization. AI-Qaida deposited money for the operation in a Moroccan bank account, he said. According to French officials, Beghal said the meeting with Abu Zubaydah took place in bin Laden's home, but he said he never met bin Laden himself. Abu Zubaydah told him that he should undertake the operation in order to be a good Muslim, Beghal told investigators. Europe-1 radio reported that Beghal said that Abu Zubaydah "told me that the time to act had come. He asked me if I was ready, and I said yes." Beghal's job in the plot was apparently to gather information and study the embassy's security plans, French officials said.

http://www.courttv.com/assault_on_america/1002_suicideattack_ap.html

1/27/2004

Mike Hurley From: Sent: To:

Warren Bass Sunday, January 25, 2004 8:27 PM Team 3

Subject:

The Economist: "10,000 new fanatics"

Remember the Economist piece that Berger and a few other Clinton folks said rebuked them for the 8/20/98 strikes, arguing they'd breed 10,000 more UBLs? Well, it's still a snotty piece, but it's a bit more nuanced than advertised. Copyright 1998 The Economist Newspaper Ltd. All rights reserved The Economist August 29, 1998, U.S. Edition SECTION: Leaders; Pg. 16 LENGTH: 958 words HEADLINE: Punish and be damned BODY: The perils of over-hasty military reaction HOWEVER frequently it occurs, terrorism does not lose its ability to shock. Nor should it. It remains one of the most despicable of crimes, both because the killing and wounding of innocents are central to its purpose, and because its perpetrators can so easily do their work without having to confront their enemies, or their victims, before slinking off to safety. The sense of outrage that attends terrorist attacks should not, however, be assumed to be equivalent to a sense of powerlessness: public outrage is one of the most potent weapons in the limited armoury of counter-terrorism. It tips those who sympathise with the political aims of the terrorist against the man himself. It denies sanctuary. It buys co-operation. Nothing should be done to undermine its potency. Which is why at least some of America's counter-terrorist air strikes on August 20th may turn out to have been unwise. That is not to say that America should never hit back at terrorists. America is a special target for people like the bombers who blew up its embassies in Kenya and Tanzania on August 7th because it does things other countries are not called upon to do. It does these things in its own interests, but also in the interests of its allies and indeed of free countries everywhere. It is the nearest thing that exists to a world policeman, but it must operate without a world police force, a world judiciary or a proper world system of law. Sometimes, if any action is to be taken against terrorists, it will have to be American military action. But even on these occasions America will have to take care to keep public opinion on its side and not to dissipate the world's sense of outrage. That means explaining its actions in full, and showing convincing evidence for all the claims it makes to justify them. Few fair-minded people can doubt that the targets of the attacks in Afghanistan were indeed training camps and bases for Islamist fanatics. Many people will also be ready to believe that Osama bin Laden, the hitherto obscure Saudi dissident now elevated to the status of the world's most dangerous man, is connected with the camps, and that he played a part in the two embassy bombings. That will be enough perhaps to make many people, at least in the West, think the attacks were right, and deserved. Whether they were judicious is another matter.

Mike Hurley From: Sent: To:

Warren Bass Monday, January 26, 2004 5:08 PM Team 3

Subject:

Wag the Dog: SecDef Cohen on Nightline

FYI. The fact that Nightline--the classiest show on broadcast TV--was playing footsie with "wag the dog" allegations is telling in and of itself. Might be useful for the monograph on Aug. 20/98. Warren SHOW: ABC NIGHTLINE

(11:35 pm ET)

AUGUST 20, 1998 Transcript # 98082001-j07 TYPE: PACKAGE SECTION: NEWS LENGTH: 3760 words HEADLINE: AMERICA STRIKES BACK BYLINE: JOHN DONVAN, TED KOPPEL HIGHLIGHT: AMERICA ATTACKS SUDAN AND OSAMA BIN LADEN BODY: THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED. ANNOUNCER: August 20, 1998. TED KOPPEL, ABC News: (voice-over) On a day that the U.S. military hits terrorist targets in two countries, questions of political timing. (interviewing) You told me that you would never have participated in anything if you thought it was being done for political reasons. I want to dot the I on that one. Would you have resigned? WILLIAM COHEN, Secretary of Defense: Oh, absolutely. TED KOPPEL: (voice-over) Tonight, America strikes back, a conversation with the secretary of defense. ANNOUNCER: From ABC News, this is Nightline.

Reporting from Washington, Ted Koppel.

TED KOPPEL: There was a time when insoluble disagreements between tribes were resolved by hand to hand combat between champions. Not so very long ago in our own history, civilians might safely gather on hilltops to watch the unfolding of battles between armies. It is only in our own time, in this century, that civilians have become deliberate targets of warfare. In recent years, the practice of war has degraded even further. Now civilians are frequently the only targets. That kind of warfare, which we have labeled terrorism, targeted a pair of U.S. embassies only two weeks ago and the casualties equaled those of some battles, nearly 300 dead, more than 4,000 injured. Today, the U.S. military struck back, hitting targets in Afghanistan and Sudan. The United States acted alone. It gave neither prior notice nor did it seek prior approval from any other government. And, under normal circumstances, few Americans would have 1

frontline: hunting bin laden: who is bin laden?: chronology | PBS

FRONTLINE

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OSAMA BIN LADEN A Chronology oj His Political Life

KGME INTRODUCTION WHO IS BIK LADEN? TRAIL OF EVIDENCE TWO TERRORISTS INTERVIEWS

1957

Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden is born in Riyadh. He is 17th of 52 children sired by Muhammad Bin Laden—Saudi Arabia's wealthiest construction magnate.

1979

Bin Laden graduates from King Abdul Aziz University in Jiddah with a degree in civil engineering.

December 26, 1979

Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Bin Laden leaves Saudi Arabia to join the Afghan resistance (mujahedeen).

1980-86

From the Pakistani border, bin Laden raises funds and provides the mujahedeen with logistical and humanitarian aid.

1986-89

According to Islamic sources, bin Laden participates in numerous battles during the Afghan war against the Soviet; as a guerilla commander, including the fierce battle of Jalalabad which led the Soviets to finally withdraw from Afghanistan.

1988

Bin Laden establishes "al Qaeda," an organization of exmujahedeen and other supporters. Its mission is to channel fighters and funds to the Afghan resistance.

June 30, 1989

The National Islamic Front (NIF) stages a military coup am takes control of the Sudan.

1989

After the Soviets pull out of Afghanistan, bin Laden returns to Saudi Arabia a hero. He becomes involved in opposition movements to the Saudi monarchy while working for his family construction firm, the Bin Laden Group.

August 2, 1990

Iraq invades Kuwait.

April, 1991

Laden flees Saudi Arabia, after being confined to Jidda for his opposition to the Saudi alliance with the United States. He moves first to Afghanistan and then to Khartoun Sudan by 1992 (Source: Newsweek 2/1/99). Sudan had begun to allow any Muslim into the country without a visa, in a display of Islamic solidarity. Allegedly, hundreds of

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/etc/cron.html

1/25/2004

frontline: hunting bin laden: who is bin laden?: al qaeda | PBS

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FRONTLINE

"AL QAEDA" The US government issued an indictment in November 1998 alleging that an international terrorist network called "Al Qaeda," an Arabic word mean government's allegations from this and subsequent indictments concernin following:

HOME

BACKGROUND: At QAEDA

INTRODUCTION WHO IS BIH LAOEN? TRAIL OF EVIDENCE TWO TERRORISTS INTERViEWS

* In approximately 1989, bin Laden and co-defendant Muhammad Atef foum international terrorist group ... which was dedicated to opposing non-Islamic violence." * "One of the principal goals of Al Qaeda was to drive the United States arm< Arabia (and elsewhere on the Saudi Arabian peninsula) and Somalia by viole: * " Al Qaeda had a command and control structure which included a majlis al council) which discussed and approved major undertakings, including terroris and bin Laden sat on this council. * Al Qaeda had ties to other "terrorist organizations that operated under its ur Jihad group based in Egypt, the Islamic Group, formerly led by Sheik Omar 1 jihad groups in other countries. "Al Qaeda also forged alliances with the Nati< and with representatives of the government of Iran, and its associated terroris purpose of working together against their perceived common enemies in the A United States." COUNT ONE: CONSPIRACY TO Ktu. UNITED STATES NATIONALS ,

* The named defendants, plus other members of Al Qaeda, "conspired, confei nationals of the United States." In furtherance of this conspiracy, * Bin Laden and others "provided training camps and guesthouses in various Afghanistan, Pakistan, Somalia and Kenya for the use of Al Qaeda and its aff * Bin Laden and others provided currency and weapons to members of Al Qa groups in various countries throughout the world. * Bin Laden established a headquarters for Al Qaeda in Khartoum, Sudan, in series of businesses, including two investment companies, an agricultural con business and a transportation company, all of which were, "operated to pro vie

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/who/alqaeda.html

1/25/2004

' frontline: hunting bin laden: who is bin laden?: edicts and statements | PBS

FRONTLINE

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OSAMA BIN LADEN v. THE U.S.; EDICTS AND STATEMENTS HOWE INTRODUCTION WHO IS BIN LADEN? TRAIL OF EVIDENCE

April 1995 In a never-published interview with a French journalist, Osama bin Laden says that his decision to fight alongside Afghan mujahedeen dated from "the time when the Americans decided help the Afghans fight the Russians."

TWO TERRORISTS

"To counter these atheist Russians, the Saudis chose me as their representative in Afghanistan... I did not fight against the communist threat while forgetting the peril from the West."

INTERVIEWS

"For us, the idea was not to get involved more than necessary in the fight against the Russians, which was the business of the Americans, but rather to show our solidarity with our Islamist brothers. I discovered that it was not enough to fight in Afghanistan, but that we had to fight on all fronts against communist or Western oppression. The urgent thing was communism, but the next target was America... This is an open war up to the end. until victory."

August 3, 1995

July 10, 1996

Bin Laden issues a communique called "an Open Letter to King Fahd." He outlines major grievances against the Saudi regime: lack of commitment to Sunni Islam, inability to conduct viable defense policy, the squandering of public funds and oil money, and the dependence on non-Muslims for protection. He calls for campaign of guerilla attacks to drive U.S. forces out of the Saudi Kingdom.

The British newspaper The Independentquotes bin Laden as saying: "The ordinary man knows that [Saudi Arabia] is the largest oil producer in the world, yet at the same time he is suffering from taxes and bad services. Now the people understand the speeches of the ulemas in the

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/who/edicts.html

1/25/2004

—' Trontline: hunting bin laden: who is bin laden?: greetings, america. my name is osama bin ... Page 1 of 9

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"GREETINGS, AMERICA, MY NAME is OSAMA BIN LADEN,,/ by John Miller ABC reporter John Miller recounts his May 1998 hour-long interview with Osama bin Laden at his camp on a mountaintop in southern Afghanistan. HOWE (MRODUCTION WhO IS BIN LADEN? TRAIL OF EVIDENCE TWO TERRORISTS INTERVIEWS

... In the camp, generators were rumbling. Excerpted from Miller's The smell of gasoline was thick in the air. article published in Rick Bennett was agitated because bin Esquire, February 1, 1999 Laden's people had taken his camera days and reprinted with before, and it didn't look as though he was permission of the author going to get it back. Now they wanted to give him another camera. A Panasonic home-video camera. Bennett had not come halfway around the world to shoo a home video. He wanted his $65,000 television camera back, and he wanted it back now! Just then, the gunfire erupted. Bin Laden's convoy arrived. Now the show that was being staged for us was in full tilt, and we had no camera with which to record it. Bin Laden's cameraman handed Bennett the Panasonic. Bennett started taping. That's when the kid started shooting in my ear. Then he ran alongside Bennett and was firing within an inch of his ear, too, as he walked backward with this crappy camera, taping bin Laden's arrival. Into the din of gunfire, he walked quickly, surrounded by seven bodyguards. Each had an AK-47. Their eyes darted in every direction for any attacker. Thi was either merely theatrical or entirely pointless, because with hundreds of rounds being fired into the air, it would have been impossible to pinpoint an assassin. Take your pick. At bin Laden's side was his military commander, Muhammad Atef. Behind him, Ayman al-Zawahiri, the leader of Islamic Jihad, an Egyptian group that has merged with bin Laden's growing army. Bii Laden, with his simple white turban and long black beard, stood six three and was the tallest man in the group. Despite the chaos of the scene, his eyes wen calm, fixed, and steady. He walked by me and ducked his head to step into a rectangular hut that had been set up for our meeting. One of his aides waved off the gunfire the way an emcee might quell a standing ovation. Everyone kept shooting. Somewhere, all these bullets were falling back down to the earth. Osama bin Laden had made his entrance. After his security detail crowded in behind him, I followed into the hut. Asid< from his height, the first thing that struck me about bin Laden was his voice:! was soft and slightly high, with a raspy quality that gave it the texture and

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/who/miller.html

1/25/2004

frontline: hunting bin laden: who is bin laden?: interview with osama bin laden (in may 1... Page 1 of 12

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INTERVIEW OSAMA BIN LADEN (may 1998)

In the first part of this interview which occurred in May 1998, a little over two months before the U.S. embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania, Osama bin Laden answers questions posed to him by some of his followers at his mountaintop camp in southern Afghanistan. In the latter part of the interview, ABC reporter John Miller is asking the questions.

HOME INTRODUCTION WHO IS BIN LADEN? TRAIL OF EVIDENCE TWO TERRORISTS INTERVIEWS

... What is the meaning of your call for Muslims to take arms against America in particular, and what is the message that you wish to send to the West in general?

Read the translation of the ABC John Miller interview (videotaped) which is further down on this page. Or, read the full interview with Bin Laden which starts with questions posed to him by his followers. This interview begins right here; it is then followed by the translation of the Miller interview with Bin Laden.

The call to wage war against America was made because America has spear-headed the crusade against the Islamic nation, sending tens of thousands of its troops to the land of the two Holy Mosques over and above its meddling in its affairs and its politics, and its support of the oppressive, corrupt and tyrannical regime that is in control. These are the reasons behind the singling out of America as a target. And not exempt of responsibility are those Western regimes whose presence in the region offers support to the American troops there. We know at least one reason behind the symbolic participation of the Western forces and that is to support the Jewish and Zionist plans for expansion of what is called the Great Israel. Surely, their presence is not out of concern over their interests in the region. ... Their presence has no meaning save one and that is to offer support to the Jews in Palestine who are in need of their Christian brothers to achieve full control over the Arab Peninsula which they intend to make an important part of the so called Greater Israel. ...

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/who/interview.html

1/25/2004

Osama bin Laden - ICT Coverage

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Osama bin Ladin and al-Qaida Articles & Commentary The Bombing of Synagogues in Istanbul: An al-Qaida Operation or a Revival of Turkish Islamist Terrorism?

ICT News Coverage Nov 27, 2003

Nov 26, 2003

Nov 20, 2003

Nov 15, 2003

Nov 9, 2003

Jordanian terrorist sentenced in Germany

Senior al-Qaida activist captured in Yemen

Explosions hit British targets in Istanbul

Simutaneous car bombs target synagogues in Turkey

Bombs Explode in Saudi Housing Compound

Al-Jam'iya al-Salafiya al-Mujahida A new Jihadi group claims attacks on the U.S. Army in Western Iraq Saudi Arabia Confronts Bin Laden Supporters Al-Qaida on the Internet Recent al-Qaida Commentary may shed Light on Modus Operand! Osama bin Ladin as the New Prophet of Islam Saudi cleric issues fatwah on the use of weapons of mass destruction The Iraqi Mujahidin: a foothold for al-Qaida The Continuing AI-Qa!da Threat Suicide Carbombing Blamed on Ansar alIslam Falling into the Al-Qaida Trap—Again The Media as Terrorism Facilitator

Nov 4, 2003

Saudi forces arrest alQaida suspects after Shootout

Treason and Espionage in the Name of Jihad Al-Qaida supporters urge Muslims to sabotage U.S. war efforts

Oct 19, 2003

Oct 3, 2003

New Bin Laden tape pledges more suicide attacks

Radical Islamic organizations announce merger with al-Qaida

http://www.ict.org.il/articles/bombings.cftn

AI-Qaida's Links to Iranian Security Services

The Political Economy of Middle East Terrorism

12/10/2003

The New Yorker

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January 25, 2004 | home

THE NEW YORKER FACT PROFILES

THE MAN BEHIND BIN LADEN by LAWRENCE WRIGHT How an Egyptian doctor became a master of terror. Issue of 2002-09-16 Posted 2002-09-09

.Last March, a band of horsemen journeyed through the province of Paktika, in Afghanistan, near the Pakistan border. Predator drones were circling the skies and American troops were sweeping through the mountains. The war had begun six months earlier, and by now the fighting had narrowed down to the ragged eastern edge of the country. Regional warlords had been bought off, the borders supposedly sealed. For twelve days, American and coalition forces had been bombing the nearby Shah-e-Kot Valley and systematically destroying the cave complexes in the Al Qaeda stronghold. And yet the horsemen were riding unhindered toward Pakistan. They came to the village of a local militia commander named Gula Jan, whose long beard and black turban might have signalled that he was a Taliban sympathizer. "I saw a heavy, older man, an Arab, who wore dark glasses and had a white turban," Jan told Ilene Prusher, of the Christian Science Monitor, four days later. "He was dressed like an Afghan, but he had a beautiful coat, and he was with two other Arabs who had masks on." The man in the beautiful coat dismounted and began talking in a polite and humorous manner. He asked Jan and an Afghan companion about the location of American and Northern Alliance troops. "We are afraid we will encounter them," he said. "Show us the right way." While the men were talking, Jan slipped away to examine a poster that had been dropped into the area by American airplanes. It showed a photograph of a man in a white turban and glasses. His face was broad and meaty, with a strong, prominent nose and full lips. His untrimmed beard was gray at the temples and ran in milky streaks below his chin. On his high forehead, framed by the swaths of his turban, was a darkened callus formed by many hours of prayerful prostration. His eyes reflected the sort of decisiveness one might expect in a medical man, but they also showed a measure of serenity that seemed oddly out of place. Jan was looking at a wanted poster for a man named Dr. Ayman al-Zawahiri, who had a price of twenty-five million dollars on his head. Jan returned to the conversation. The man he now believed to be Zawahiri said to him, "May God bless you and keep you from the enemies of Islam. Try not to tell them where we came from and where we are going." There was a telephone number on the wanted poster, but Gula Jan did not have a phone. Zawahiri and the masked Arabs disappeared into the mountains. I—THE SPORTING CLUB

In June of 2001, two terrorist organizations, Al Qaeda and Egyptian Islamic Jihad, formally merged into one. The name of the new entity—Qaeda al-Jihad—reflects the long and interdependent history of these two groups. Although Osama bin Laden, the founder of Al Qaeda, has become the public face of Islamic terrorism, the members of Islamic Jihad and its guiding

http://www.newyorker.com/printable/7fact/020916fa_fact2

1 /25/2004