System Software[midterm]
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SYSTEMS SOFTWARE
What’s inside…
What is Systems Software?
Three Basic Types
What is Systems Software?
It enables the applications software to interact with the computer & helps the computer manage its internal & external resources.
Three Basic Types of Systems Software
Operating Systems
Utility Programs
Language Translator
Diagram User Applications Software Systems Software
External Utility Programs
Operating System
Language Translators
Hardware (Computer plus Peripheral Devices)
OPERATING SYSTEM
Operating System
It consists of the master system of programs called supervisor, that manage the basic operations of the computer.
These programs reside in RAM while the computer is on & provide resource management services of many kinds, handling such matters as running & storing programs & storing & processing
Operating System
It allows the user to concentrate in his own tasks or applications rather than on the complexities of managing the computer.
It interprets the commands the user gives to run programs & allows him to interact with the programs while they are running.
Booting
It is the process of loading an operating system into a computer’s main memory from diskette or hard disk. The OS begins to operate as soon as the user turns on or “boots” the computer. Loading is accomplished by an program called bootstrap loader or boot routine that is stored permanently in the computer’s electronic circuitry. System Prompt - indicates the OS has been loaded into main memory & asks (“prompts”) the user to enter a command.
BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)
It manages the essential peripherals such as keyboard, screen, disk drives, and parallel & serial ports. It manages some internal services such as time & date. This is the part of the OS that tests the computer upon booting via an autostart program. After running the autostart program, it loads the rest of the OS & turns over to it. It is usually stored on a ROM chip or a flash memory chip.
User Interface
It is the part of the OS that allows the user to communicate or interact with it.
Three Types of User Interface Command-Driven Menu-Driven Graphical
User
Command-Driven Interface
It requires the user to enter a command by typing in codes or words.
Example is DIR for directory… This
command instructs the computer to display a directory list of all file names on a disk.
Menu-Driven Interface
It allows the user to choose a command from a menu.
The menu offers options to choose from.
Graphical User Interface
It uses images to represent options. Some of these images take the form of icons.
Icons are small pictorial figures that represent tasks, functions or programs.
Windows is another feature of GUI.
GUI uses the mouse.
Ways on How OS Manages Tasks
Multitasking
Multiprogramming
Time-sharing
Multiprocessing
Multitasking
It is the execution of two or more programs by one user concurrently, not simultaneously, on the same computer with one central processor.
Multiprogramming
It is the execution of two or more programs on a multi-user operating system.
Time-Sharing
It is a single computer’s processing of the tasks of several users at different stations in round-robin fashion.
It is used when several users are linked by a communications network to a single computer.
Multiprocessing
It is a processing done by two or more computers or processors linked together to perform work simultaneously, that is, at precisely the same time.
EXTERNAL UTILITY PROGRAMS
What are External Utility Programs?
These are special programs that provide specific useful services not performed or performed less well by other systems software programs.
Examples backup of files for storage recovery of damaged files virus protection data compression memory management
Some Specific Utility Tasks
Screen Saver - it is a utility that supposedly prevents a monitor’s display screen from being etched by unchanging image.
Data Recovery - it is used to undelete a file or information that has been accidentally deleted.
Backup - creating a duplicate copy of the information on the hard disk.
Some Specific Utility Tasks
Virus Protection Virus - consists of hidden programming instructions that are buried within an application or systems program. They copy themselves to other programs causing havoc. Antivirus Software - a utility program that scans hard disks, diskettes, & the microcomputer’s memory to detect viruses.
File Defragmentatiojn - defragment the scattered files & speed up the drive’s operation.
Fragmentation - the scattering of portion of files about the disk in non-adjacent areas, thus greatly slowing access to the files.
Some Specific Utility Tasks
Data Compression - removes redundant elements, gaps, & unnecessary data from a computer’s storage space so less space is required to store or transmit data. Memory Management - programs that determine how to efficiently control & allocate memory resources. These are activated by drivers.
Driver - a standardizes between a device.
series
of
program instructions that the format of data transmitted computer & a peripheral
LANGUAGE TRANSLATOR
What is Language Translator?
It is a software that translates a program written by a programmer in a language.
For example in C, a word processing applications program, into machine language 0s and 1s, which the computer can understand.
All system software & applications software must be turned into machine language for execution by the computer.
END
What’s inside…
What is Systems Software?
Three Basic Types
What is Systems Software?
It enables the applications software to interact with the computer & helps the computer manage its internal & external resources.
Three Basic Types of Systems Software
Operating Systems
Utility Programs
Language Translator
Diagram User Applications Software Systems Software
External Utility Programs
Operating System
Language Translators
Hardware (Computer plus Peripheral Devices)
OPERATING SYSTEM
Operating System
It consists of the master system of programs called supervisor, that manage the basic operations of the computer.
These programs reside in RAM while the computer is on & provide resource management services of many kinds, handling such matters as running & storing programs & storing & processing
Operating System
It allows the user to concentrate in his own tasks or applications rather than on the complexities of managing the computer.
It interprets the commands the user gives to run programs & allows him to interact with the programs while they are running.
Booting
It is the process of loading an operating system into a computer’s main memory from diskette or hard disk. The OS begins to operate as soon as the user turns on or “boots” the computer. Loading is accomplished by an program called bootstrap loader or boot routine that is stored permanently in the computer’s electronic circuitry. System Prompt - indicates the OS has been loaded into main memory & asks (“prompts”) the user to enter a command.
BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)
It manages the essential peripherals such as keyboard, screen, disk drives, and parallel & serial ports. It manages some internal services such as time & date. This is the part of the OS that tests the computer upon booting via an autostart program. After running the autostart program, it loads the rest of the OS & turns over to it. It is usually stored on a ROM chip or a flash memory chip.
User Interface
It is the part of the OS that allows the user to communicate or interact with it.
Three Types of User Interface Command-Driven Menu-Driven Graphical
User
Command-Driven Interface
It requires the user to enter a command by typing in codes or words.
Example is DIR for directory… This
command instructs the computer to display a directory list of all file names on a disk.
Menu-Driven Interface
It allows the user to choose a command from a menu.
The menu offers options to choose from.
Graphical User Interface
It uses images to represent options. Some of these images take the form of icons.
Icons are small pictorial figures that represent tasks, functions or programs.
Windows is another feature of GUI.
GUI uses the mouse.
Ways on How OS Manages Tasks
Multitasking
Multiprogramming
Time-sharing
Multiprocessing
Multitasking
It is the execution of two or more programs by one user concurrently, not simultaneously, on the same computer with one central processor.
Multiprogramming
It is the execution of two or more programs on a multi-user operating system.
Time-Sharing
It is a single computer’s processing of the tasks of several users at different stations in round-robin fashion.
It is used when several users are linked by a communications network to a single computer.
Multiprocessing
It is a processing done by two or more computers or processors linked together to perform work simultaneously, that is, at precisely the same time.
EXTERNAL UTILITY PROGRAMS
What are External Utility Programs?
These are special programs that provide specific useful services not performed or performed less well by other systems software programs.
Examples backup of files for storage recovery of damaged files virus protection data compression memory management
Some Specific Utility Tasks
Screen Saver - it is a utility that supposedly prevents a monitor’s display screen from being etched by unchanging image.
Data Recovery - it is used to undelete a file or information that has been accidentally deleted.
Backup - creating a duplicate copy of the information on the hard disk.
Some Specific Utility Tasks
Virus Protection Virus - consists of hidden programming instructions that are buried within an application or systems program. They copy themselves to other programs causing havoc. Antivirus Software - a utility program that scans hard disks, diskettes, & the microcomputer’s memory to detect viruses.
File Defragmentatiojn - defragment the scattered files & speed up the drive’s operation.
Fragmentation - the scattering of portion of files about the disk in non-adjacent areas, thus greatly slowing access to the files.
Some Specific Utility Tasks
Data Compression - removes redundant elements, gaps, & unnecessary data from a computer’s storage space so less space is required to store or transmit data. Memory Management - programs that determine how to efficiently control & allocate memory resources. These are activated by drivers.
Driver - a standardizes between a device.
series
of
program instructions that the format of data transmitted computer & a peripheral
LANGUAGE TRANSLATOR
What is Language Translator?
It is a software that translates a program written by a programmer in a language.
For example in C, a word processing applications program, into machine language 0s and 1s, which the computer can understand.
All system software & applications software must be turned into machine language for execution by the computer.
END
