Social Studies Test Hw Ids(alphabetical Order)

10% Plan (625, not a bold word)- The first plan offered by Lincoln for accepting the South back into the Union. When 10 percent of the voters of a state took an oath of loyalty to the union, the State could form a government and adopt a new constitution that banned slavery. It was the “nice” plan. Abraham Lincoln (552)- A republican running for presidency in the election of 1858. At the time, Lincoln was nearly an unknown. He lost the election of 1858, but won the election of 1860. Alamo (483)- When Santa Anna’s army reached San Antonio in 1836, they found the Alamo. The Alamo was a small Texan force barricaded inside a nearby mission called the Alamo. American Colonization Society (Mr. Helsaple)- A society started by Robert Finley as a way to send African Americans back to Africa. Around 12,000 went back to Liberia. Annex (486)- To take control of. Sam Houston, the president of the Texas at the time asked the United States to annex Texas. However, the nation’s president, Andrew Jackson, refused because the addition of another slave state would upset the balance of slave and Free states in Congress. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna (482)- The Mexican president at the time. In 1833 he agreed to remove the ban on American settlers. However, he refused to change Texas’s political status. Battle of Goliad (Mr. Helsaple)- A defeat of the Texans by General Santa Anna. 400 Texans were captured, charged with treason against Mexico, and executed. Bear Flag Republic (496)- The name of the new country captured by a small group of Americans. They had seized the town of Sonoma north of San Francisco. They proclaimed the independent Republic of California. Black Codes (630)- Laws that aimed to control freed men and women. By the spring of 1866, Southern states had passed black codes. The black codes trampled the rights of African Americans. Border States (555)- States located between the North and the South. They were divided over whether to stay in the union, or join the confederacy. Bell took most of the border states. Californios (496)- The Mexicans who lived in California. Fremont’s actions of seizing California outraged many Californios. They opposed what looked like an attempt by a band of Americans to seize land. Ceded (497)- To give. Mexico ceded California and New Mexico to the United States. In return, the US gave Mexico $15 million. Charlotte Forten (626)- A northern teacher. The Freedmen’s Bureau also set up schools staffed by northern teachers such as Charlotte Forten. Confederate Capital (Mr. Helsaple)- 1st located in Montgomery, Alabama. Eventually it was moved to Richmond, Virginia. David Walker (531)- A writer of Boston. He was born a free man and published an impassionate argument against slavery challenging African Americans to rebel and overthrow slavery by force.

Davy Crockett (481)- A person who lost his seat in congress in 1835. He left Tennessee and headed southwest to Texas. His deeds in Texas would bring him greater fame than his adventures on the frontier or his years in Congress. Decree (482)- An official order. In 1830 Mexico issued a decree. This decree stopped all immigration from the United States. Dr. Marcus Whitman (473)- One person who went with his wife Narcissa who went to the Oregon Trail. They built a mission among the Cayuse people near the present site of Walla Walla, Washington. Edwin Stanton (633)- The Secretary of War. In August 1867, Johnson suspended Edwin Stanton without the senate’s approval. El Camino Real (492)- “The King’s Highway.” The missions that extended from San Diego to Sonoma were along a route named the El Camino Real. The El Camino Real was named for the king of Spain who ordered the missions built. Enpresarios (481)- The people who obtained the grants that offered vast tracts to people. These people also recruited settlers. Fort Sumter (558)- A US fort on an island guarding the Charleston Harbor. On the day after his inauguration, Lincoln received a dispatch saying Fort Sumter was low on supplies and the Confederates demanded the Fort’s surrender. This was important, because following the surrender of the fort, the civil war began. Forty Niners (501)- Those who arrived in 1849 looking for gold. Nearly 100,000 people came to California looking for gold in 1848 and 1849. Fredrick Douglass (532)- The most widely known African American abolitionist. He was born enslaved in Maryland. He joined the Massachusetts anti-slavery society. Freeport Doctrine (Mr. Helsaple)- Steven Douglas’s response to Abraham Lincoln in their debate over slavery. He said that only the people, not the Supreme Court, could decide slavery issues. Gadsden Purchase (Mr. Helsaple)- The purchase where the US bought the Southern art of Arizona and New Mexico for $10 million. The US wanted it for a southern transcontinental railroad. Harriet Tubman (Mr. Helsaple)- A former slave and conductor for the underground railroad. She helped many people escape from slavery. Impeach (633)- To formally charge with wrongdoing. Outraged by Johnson’s actions, the HOR voted to impeach the president. The house accused Johnson of misconduct and sent the case to the senate for trial. Jedidiah Smith (472)- A mountain man. With Robert Stuart, they found the South Pass. The South Pass is a broad break through the Rockies. Jefferson Davis (556)- A senator from Mississippi. The states that had seceded had called themselves the Confederate States of America. They chose Jefferson Davis as their president. Jim Beckwourth (472)- An African American mountain man from Virginia. He explored Wyoming’s Green River.

John Wilkes Booth (626)- A pro-Confederate actor. He shot the president in the head, leaped off the stage, and broke his leg. The president died a few hours later. John Jacob Astor (472)- An American merchant of New York. He established several trading posts in the eastern United States. He organized the American Fur Company, which soon became the largest of the fur companies in America. John C. Fremont (494)- An army officer. He made several trips through California in the 1840s. He wrote of the region’s mild climate, scenic beauty, and abundance of natural resources. John Crittenden (556)- Senator of Kentucky. On December 18, 1860, Senator John Crittenden proposed a series of amendments to the constitution. Central to his plan was a provision to protect slavery south of the line set by the Missouri Compromise. Joseph Smith (506)- The founder of the Mormon Church. These visions used to build the Mormon Church also inspired him to build an ideal society. Manifest Destiny (474)- the doctrine or belief prevalent in the 19th century that the United States had the God-given right to expand into and possess the whole of the North American continent. O’Sullivan declared that is was America’s Manifest Destiny to overspread and possess the whole of the continent which the Providence had given us. Nat Turner (435)- A popular religious leader among his fellow slaves. He was one African American that rebelled openly against his master. In 1831, he led a group of followers on a brief, violent rampage that resulted in the deaths of at least 55 whites. Nueces River (495)- A river where Mexico considered the borderline. This was 150 miles farther North from what the US thought was the border. Because of this dispute, Mexico had stopped payments to American citizens for losses suffered during Mexico’s war for independence. Oregon Country (471)- The huge area that lay between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains north of California. It included all of what is now Oregon, Washington, and Idaho plus parts of Montana and Wyoming. This region also contained about half of what is now the Canadian Province of British Columbia. Rancheros (492)- Ranch owners. These Mexican settlers bought the land sold to them by the Mexican government and built huge properties called ranchos. Ranchos (492)- The huge properties built by rancheros. These properties were made on the land sold to the rancheros. Reconstruction (625)- The period of rebuilding after the civil war. This term also refers to the various plans for carrying out the rebuilding. This was also known as the “second civil war.” Rendezvous (472)- A meeting. In late summer, the mountain men gathered for a rendezvous. Santa Fe (491)- The name of the settlement founded by the Spanish. It was founded in 1610.

Sarah and Angelina Grimke (530)- Among the first woman who spoke out publicly against slavery. They were born in South Carolina to a slaveholding family. They lectured and wrote against slavery. Secession (556)- Withdrawal from the union. Some Southern states debated secession. This caused leader in Washington, D.C, to frantically fashion a lastminute compromise. Slave codes (434)- The laws in the Southern states that controlled enslaved people. Life under slavery became even more difficult because the slave codes becoming more severe. Sojourner Truth (532)- “Belle’s” new name. She escaped and gained official freedom. She supported her family by doing domestic work. South Carolina (556)- The South seceded because of something South Carolina held. South Carolina held a special convention and voted to secede. States’ Rights (556)- Southerners justified secession with the theory of states’ rights. They argued that the states had voluntarily chosen to join the union, so why couldn’t they voluntarily leave? This caused a lot of debate between the Union and the Confederacy. Stephen F. Austin (481)- Son of Moses Austin, who inherited his father’s land from the first land grant when his father died. He recruited 300 American families to settle the fertile land along the Brazos and Colorado Rivers of Texas. His success made him a leader among the American settlers in Texas. Tejanos (481)- Mexicans who claimed Texas as their home. At the time, most of Texas’s 3,000 residences were tejanos. Thaddeus Stevens (626)- A leading radical republican. He declared that the foundation of the South must be broken up and re-laid, or all our blood and treasure have been spent in vain. Ulysses S. Grant (634)- A General and Civil War hero. Abandoning Johnson, the Republicans chose Ulysses S. Grant as their presidential candidate. Grant won the election. Underground Railroad (534)- A network of free African Americans and whites. They helped runaway slaves make their way to freedom. People contributed funds to buy African Americans out of slavery. Wade- Davis Bill (626, not a bold word)- Passed in July 1864. First, most white males in a state had to swear loyalty to the Union. Second, only white males who swore they had not fought the union could vote for delegates to a constitutional convention. This was the “harsh” plan. William Travis (Mr. Helsaple)- A 26-year-old leader of the defenders of the Alamo. He wrote a letter asking for help but was denied and eventually killed. William Lloyd Garrison (530)- An abolitionist. He stimulated the growth of the anti0slavery movement. He was one of the first white abolitionists who called for immediate and complete freeing of enslaved people. Winfield Scott (Mr. Helsaple)- An American general in charge of the invasion of southern Mexico. He captured the cities of Vera Cruz and Mexico City.