Social Studies Guide

Test Guide STUDY GUIDE LIST 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Age of Jackson Removal of Native Americans Jackson and the bank Life in the North Life in the South Reforming society

PAGES TO READ FROM TEXTBOOK 1. 2. 3. 4.

382-394 402-413 422-431 447-461

HOMEWORK I.D’S pg.447-450 Jacksonian Democracy (Mr. Helsaple)- The idea of majority rule and of spreading the power to all the people. Voting restrictions were lowered so more people could vote. Mudslinging (447)- One’s attempts to ruin their opponent’s reputation with insults. During the campaign of Adams and Jackson, both parties resorted to mudslinging. This was historically significant because it showed how bitter the election of 1828 was. Suffrage (448)- The right to vote. In the nation’s early years, most states hat limited suffrage. President Andrew Jackson widened this limitation. Bureaucracy (449)- A system in which non-elected officials carry out laws. Democrats attempted the stop this bureaucracy. President Jackson replaced many federal workers with his supporters. Spoils System (449)- The practice of replacing government employees with the winning candidate’s supporters Jackson did this practice. This was historically significant because I made it a lot easier to do things in government.

Caucus (449)- In this system, major political candidates were chosen by committees made of members of congress. This system was very unpopular. Jackson’s supporters abandoned this system. Tariff (450)- A few on imported goods. While Jackson was president, he faced a tariff crisis that tested the national governments powers. This was historically significant because it was a major problem in the country. Nullify (450)- To cancel. John C. Calhoun argued that a state had the right to nullify a federal law if it was against state interests. This causes some Southerners to call for Southern sates to secede. Daniel Webster (450)- A senator of Massachusetts. He delivered a stinging attack on nullification. He opposed the idea that the states had the right to nullify and even secede. Robert Hayne (450)- A young senator from South Carolina. He gave a speech defending that the states had the right to nullify and even secede. His speech was attacked upon by Daniel Webster.

HOMEWORK I.D’S pg.383-392 Rhode Island System (Mr. Helsaple)- A system developed by Samuel Slater. It involved hiring entire families, even children, to work. Lowell System (Mr. Helsaple)- Developed by Francis Cabot Lowell. IT involved hiring young, unmarried woman to work in factories Capitalism (383)- The economic system of the United States. Under capitalism, individuals put their capital, or money into a business in hopes of making a profit. Technology (384)- Scientific discoveries that simplify work. It was a method to save time and money. Without the inventions of new machines and technology, the Industrial Revolution could not have taken place. Patent (384)- Something that gives an inventor the sole legal right to the invention and its profits for a certain period of time. One of the first patents went to Jacob Perkins for a machine to make nails. It is historically significant because we have patents to this day.

Samuel Slater (385)- A person who worked in a factory that used machines for spinning cotton thread. He memorized the design of the machines, slipped out of Britain, and duplicated them. His mill marked an important step in the Industrial Revolution in America. Factory System (385)- A system that brought manufacturing steps together in one place to increase efficiency. Lowell’s mill launched the factory system. The factory system was a significant development in the way goods were made and another important part of the industrials revolution. Interchangeable Parts (388)- Identical machine parts that could be put together quickly to make a complete product. The inventor Eli Whitney started the use of interchangeable parts. It opened the way for producing many different types of goods on a mass scale. Robert Fulton (390)- A person hired by Robert Livingston. He was hired to develop a steamboat with a powerful engine. Livingston wanted the boat to carry cargo and passengers up the Hudson River. Eerie Canal (392)- A 363 mile long canal. Along the canal was a series of separate compartments where water levels were raised or lowered.

HOMEWORK I.D’S pg.423-430 Scientific Agriculture (Mr. Helsaple)- The use of scientific methods to improve crop production. Farmers experimented with crop rotation and researched soil chemistry. Upper South (423)- Most Southerners lived along the Atlantic Coast where Maryland, Virginia, Tennessee, and North Carolina were. This area came to be known as the Upper South. Deep South (423)- The population of the South had spread inland to the states of the Deep South, The Deep South included Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippian, Louisiana, Florida, Arkansas, and Texas. Cotton gin (423)- A compact machine that removed seeds from cotton fibers much quicker than if done by hand. It was invented by Eli Whitney. Because cotton could be processed more easily, Southern planters wanted to grow more, and depended on more slaves to do the work.

William Gregg (426)- A merchant from Charleston. He was one Southerner that shared the view that factories and workshops would revive the economy of the Upper South. He opened his own textile factory in South Carolina. Joseph Reid Anderson (426)- A person who took over the Tredegar Iron Works. He made it into one of the nation’s leading producers of iron. Later during the civil war, he provided weapons and other iron products for the Southern forces. Yeoman (428)- The farmers that did not own slaves. Most yeomen owned land. These people made up the largest group of whites in the South. Tenant farmers (428)- Landlord’s estate’s. Some southerners worked as tenant farmers. These were the kind that didn’t own land. Fixed Costs (429)- Regular expenses such as housing and feeding workers, and maintaining cotton gins and other equipment. Plantations that had a main economic goal to earn profit had fixed costs. Fixed costs remained the same year after year. Overseer (430)- A plantation manager. African Americans were supervised by an overseer.

PICTIONARY QUESTIONS Planters- Planters were the people who ran the plantation. Interchangeable parts – They were identical machine parts that could be put together quickly to make a complete product. The inventor Eli Whitney started the use of interchangeable parts. It opened the way for producing many different types of goods on a mass scale. Temperance movement – The movement that attempted to get rid of drinking alcohol. In the end, though, it didn’t work. Black Hawk – The Sauk chief who tried to resist movement off white lands. Scientific Agriculture - The use of scientific methods to improve crop production. Farmers experimented with crop rotation and researched soil chemistry.

Lowell System - Developed by Francis Cabot Lowell. IT involved hiring young, unmarried woman to work in factories Indian Removal Act – The act where all but one of the Five Civilized Tribes were removed. Industrial Revolution – The revolution where new technology lead to the rapid growth of machines used in manufacturing and production. Mudslinging - One’s attempts to ruin their opponent’s reputation with insults. During the campaign of Adams and Jackson, both parties resorted to mudslinging. This was historically significant because it showed how bitter the election of 1828 was 2nd Great Awakening – A wave of religion that stirred the nation in the early 1800s. It was popular and increased church membership. Erie Canal- A 363 mile long canal. Along the canal was a series of separate compartments where water levels were raised or lowered. Tariff - A few on imported goods. While Jackson was president, he faced a tariff crisis that tested the national governments powers. This was historically significant because it was a major problem in the country. Horace Mann - Horace Mann was father of Public School. He was the first person saying that every kid rich or poor needs education, so he built the first public school. So now there are a lot of schools named HORACE MANN just because of him Secession - is the act of withdrawing from an organization, union, or political entity. Seneca Falls Convention – Where Lucreita Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton joined forces to work for woman’s rights. Andrew Jackson – The president of the United States at one point and a Great War hero. Nicholas Biddle – The banks president. He represented everything Jackson disliked. Telegraph- It is a system by which electrical clicks or buzzes are sent over long distances to communicate letters and numbers

WHAT IS NOT ON THIS STUDY GUIDE BECAUSE YOU ALREADY HAVE THE WORKSHEET ● Cornell Notes: Life in the North (not Homework ID’s) ● Cornell Notes: Life in the South (not Homework ID’s) ● Cornell Notes: Age of Jackson (not Homework ID’s) ● Cornell Notes: Jackson and the Bank ● Cornell Notes: Removal of Native Americans ● Cornell Notes: Reforming Society