Sneha Samvadam Internet Editon _ Sept2009

]p-kv-X-I-w- B-dv- / e-°w- aq-∂- v / 2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿- -/ 1430 d-a-Z-m≥--

kzh¿Km-\p-cmKw P\n-X-Itam sshIr-Xtam? ˛Fw Fw AIv_¿

4 6 7 21

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hm-b-\-°m-cp-sS- kw-hm-ZwXn-cp-sam-gn]-{Xm-[-n-]¿-°v- ]-d-bm-\p-≈-Xvkzh¿K-cXoNcn{Xw; h¿Ø-am-\-Øn\p≈ ]mTw ˛A_q AXzo^v

37 kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-IX {]Ir-Xn-b√; hnIr-Xn-bm-Wv ˛A-_q-^¿kn≥Zv

45 Iq-Sn-°m-gv-N47 Xncn-a-dn-Iƒ Ah-km-\n-°p-∂n√! ˛A_vZp-d-lvam≥ tdm_¿´v

50 hn-ip-≤- ]m-X-

Internet Edition: http://www.snehasamvadam.com Printed Published and owned by M.Mohammed Akbar. Printed at Screen Offset printers, Cochin-18. Published at Cochin-18. EditorM.Mohammed M.MohammedAkbar, Akbar,Niche NicheofofTruth, Truth,P.B Kalabhavan Editor No:1981, Road, Vyttila,Cochin-18. Cochin-19.

hm-b-\-°m-cp-sSkw-hm-Zw-

""ktZmw P\X ]p\¿P-\n-°p-∂pthm'' kXy-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb Bfp-I-tfmSv A√mlp hfsc IWn-i-ambn ImØpkq£n-°m≥ ]d™ taJ-e-bmWv Ahs‚ kzImcyPohn-XØ - nepw ]c-ky-Po-hnX-Ønepw F√m-hn[ Xn∑-I-fn¬ \n∂pw {]Xy-£hpw ]tcm-£-hp-amb \oNhrØn-If - n¬ \n∂pw hn´p-\n¬°-Ws - a-∂Xv. a\p-jy≥ hnImct_m[-ap-≈h - \ - m-W.v Hmtcm-cp-Øc - p-tSbpw ssewKn-Ia - mb B{Kl-߃ k^-eo-I-cn-°p-hm-≥ Ckvemw \n›-bn-®Xv hnhm-lhpw AXn-eq-sS-bp≈ ZmºXykpJ-hp-am-Wv. AXn-\-∏p-d-ap≈ F√m am¿K-ß-sfbpw \oN-ambn ImWp∂p. \nIr-jvS-ambn ImWp-∂p. AXn-te°p≈ F√m Ihm-S-ß-tfbpw Ckvemw AS-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. F∂m¬ Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬ F√m \ne-°p-ap≈ hrØn-tI-Sp-Ifpw kaq-lØn¬ s]cpIn hcp-Ib - m-Wv. DZvt_m-[\hpw kwkvI-c-Wßfpw \Sp-∂p-sIm-≠ncn-°p∂ kap-Zm-bØ - n¬ t]mepw hy`nNmc-Øn-t‚bpw thiym- h r- Ø n- b p- s Sbpw thtcm-´hpw i‡-amb {]Nm-c-Whpw h∂p-Xp-Sß - p-∂p F∂p hcp-tºmƒ kXyhn-izm-kn-Iƒ Gsd DXvIW - vTt- bmSv IqSn D‰p-t\m-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Hcp \mSv Xs∂ \in-∏n-°m≥ ImcWambn Ckvemw ]Tn-∏n® sshIr-X-amWv kzh¿K-cXn F∂p ]d-bp∂ k{º-Zm-bw. Ckvemw \n›-bn-®n-´p-≈Xv hnhm-l-Øneq-sS-bp≈ kv{Xo]p-cpj _‘-am-Wv. AXn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-kvX-ambn ]pcpj\pw ]pcp- j \pw XΩn¬, kv { Xobpw

kv{Xobpw XΩnep≈ ssewKnIkwkvIm-cw C∂v {]N-cn-®p-h-cn-I-bm-Wv. HcpIm-eØv tI´v tIƒhn-bp≈ Imcy-߃ C∂v \ΩpsS \m´n¬ kpe-`a - m-Wv. ]cnjvIrXcmPy-߃ F∂-dn-bs - ∏-Sp∂ cmPy߃ Ft∂ \¬In-b-XmWv kzh¿K-cXn-°p≈ ssek≥kv. AØcw cmPy-ßfn¬ kzh¿K- c - X n- ° m¿°v {]tXyIw kwL-S-\-I-fp-≠v. Ah-cpsS Ah-Im-i߃ hI-sh®p In´m≥ th≠n Ah¿ ]m¿e-sa‚n-t‚bpw `c-WI - q-Sß - f - p-tSbpw ap∂n¬ [¿Æbpw ]n°-‰nßpw \S-Ønb-Xmbn a‰p-cm-Py-ß-fn¬ \n∂v dnt∏m-¿´v sNø-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. Ah¿°v {]tXyIw ]{X-ßfpw amkn-I-Ifpap-≠v. Cu kwLS\--bpsS amkn-I°v c≠v e£-Øn-e[ - nIw hcn-°m-cp≠v F∂mWv B cmPyØv ]T\w \S-Ønb dnt∏m¿´n¬ \n∂v a\- nem-°m≥ km[n-°p-∂-Xv. CXv \ΩpsS cmPy-Øn-\-∏p-d-Øp≈ ÿnXn. kwkvIm-cØ - ns‚ \msS∂v hnti-jn® \ΩpsS cmPyw [n°m-c-Øns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-te°v Zn\w{]Xn Iq∏p-Ip-Øns°-m≠n-cn-°p-Ib - m-Wv. thiy-mh - r-Øn-bptSbpw hy`n-Nm-c-Øn-s‚bpw \nim-¢-∫pI-fp-sSbpw IY-Iƒ hm¿Ø-b-√m-Xmb cmPyØv Ct∏mƒ ]S¿∂v]nSn-®p-sIm-≠ncn-°p∂ skIvkv dm°‰v 12\pw 22\pw CS°p≈ B¨Ip-´n-Isf he-ho-in-]nSn®v Ah¿°v th≠Xv \¬In {]tem-`n∏n®v Iq´n-s°-m-≠p-t]mbn D∂-X-∑m¿°v ImgvNs - h-°p∂ Hc-hÿ - b - mWv. cmPy-Øv CXn-s\-Xnsc {]Xn-Ic - n-t°≠ \nb-ahpw \nb-a-Iq-S-ß-fpw C{Xbpw Imew au\m\p-hm-Z-amWv \¬In-bn-cp-∂-sX-¶n¬ Ct∏m-gnXm U¬ln sslt°m-SXn kzh-

2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

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¿K-c-Xn°v {]Xy-£-ambn ssek≥kv \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p. eqØv \_nbpsS P\-X-bmWv CXv BZy-ambn XpS-ßn-b-sX∂v Jp¿B≥ ]d-bp-∂p. ""eqØns\bpw (\mw Ab®p.) At±lw Xs‚ P\XtbmSv, \n߃°v apºv temIcn¬ Hcmfpw Xs∂ sNbvXn´n√mØ Cu \oNhrØn°v \n߃ sN√pItbm? F∂v ]d™ kµ¿`w (Hm¿°pI) kv{XoIsf hn´v ]pcpj≥amcpsS ASpØv Xs∂ \n߃ ImahnImctØmsS sN√p∂p. A√, \n߃ AXncphn´v {]h¿Øn°p∂ Hcp P\XbmIp∂p.'' (7:80,81) eqØv \_n hnizmkip≤o-Ic - W - tØm-sSm∏w Cu taJ-e-bn-ep≈ ip≤oI-cW - Ø - nepw Ah-cpsS {i≤ £Wn-®p. Ah¿ hg-ßn-bn-√. Aßs\ ]S® d∫ns‚ ASp-°¬ \n∂v ae-°p-Iƒ kpµ-c∑m-cmb ]pcp-j∑ - m-cmbn B \m´n-te-s°Øn B Bfp-Isf Xs∂ D]-tbm-K-s∏Sp-Øm≥ th≠n Ccp®p Ib-dp-I-bm-bncp-∂p Ah¿. ""At±lw ]d™p: F\n°v \nßsf XSbphm≥ iIvXnbp≠mbncp∂psh¶n¬! As√¶n¬ iIvX\mb Hcp klmbnsb F\n°v B{ibn°m\p≠mbncp∂psh¶n¬.'' (11:80) ae-°p-Iƒ At±-lsØ Biz-kn-∏n®p. ""Ah¿ ]d™p: eqtØ, Xo¿®bmbpw R߃ \ns‚ c£nXmhns‚ ZqX≥amcmWv. Ah¿°v (P\߃°v) \ns‚ ASptØs°Øm\mhn√. BIbm¬ \o cm{Xnbn¬ \n∂p≈ Hcp bmaØn¬ \ns‚ IpSpw_tØbpw sIm≠v bm{X ]pd-

s∏´v sIm≈pI. \nßfpsS Iq´Øn¬ \n∂v Hcmfpw Xncn™v t\m°cpXv. \ns‚ `mcysbmgnsI. Xo¿®bmbpw Ah¿°v (P\߃°v) h∂p`hn® in£ Ahƒ°pw h∂p`hn°p∂XmWv. Xo¿®bmbpw Ah¿°v \nivNbn® Ah[n {]`mXamIp∂p. {]`mXw ASpØv Xs∂bt√? Aßs\ \ΩpsS I¬]\ h∂t∏mƒ B cmPysØ \mw Iogvta¬ adn°pIbpw, A´nb´nbmbn Nqfsh® CjvSnI°√pIƒ \mw AhcpsS ta¬ h¿jn°pIbpw sNbvXp.'' (11:81,82) temIm- h - k m\w hsc- b p≈ P\߃°v ZrjvSm-¥a - mbn Nmhp-IS- ¬ F∂ t]cn¬ AXv \ne-\n¬°p-Ib - mWv.- AXp≠m-Im-\p≈ ImcWw B P\X kzh¿K-c-Xn-bn-te¿s∏´p F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. B `mKw hmk-tbm-Ky-a-√. AXns‚ Np‰p-ap≈ `mK-ß-fn¬ ]£narKm-Zn-Iƒt°m D]-Imc{]Z-amb hr£-e-Xm-Z-n-Iƒt°m hf-cm≥ Ign-bp∂X√ F∂Xv A√m-lphns‚ tIm]-Øns‚ ImTn\yw \sΩ Adn-bn-°p-∂p-≠v. ""Xo¿®bmbpw kXyhnizmknIƒ°nSbn¬ Zp¿hrØn {]Ncn°p∂Xv Cjv S s∏Sp∂hcmtcm Ah¿°mWv ClØnepw ]cØnepw thZ\tbdnb in£bp≈Xv . A√mlp Adnbp∂p. \n߃ Adnbp∂n√.'' (24:19) ChnsS \nb-ahpw \nb-a-⁄-∑mcpw \oN-hr-Øn-Iƒ°v Iq´p-\n¬°p-tºmƒ kXy-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw [m¿anIt_m[-ap≈-hcpw AXn-s\-Xnsc t_m[-h¬-°-cWw \S-tØ-≠-Xns‚ {]k‡n Gdn-hcn-I-bm-Wv. ˛ A∫mkv kn.Fw, sNdp-Xp-cpØn

**** Cu-d-\-Wn-b-n-®- Ip-dn-∏vPqembv e°w kv t \lkwhmZw amknIbn¬ "kzm`mhnIamsbmcp am‰w' F∂ ap_mdIv Xncq¿°mSns‚ teJ\w \ndIÆpItfmsSbmWv hmbn®pXo-¿ØXv. Ckvemans\ Ipdn®v bmZr›nIambn AdnbpIbpw XpS¿∂v At\zjn®v ]Tn°pIbpw Ahkm\w aXw Bt«jn°pIbpw sNbvX Aapkvenw ktlm-Zc≥ Xm≥ ilmZØv Iena sNm√msX acn®pt]mIptam F∂ hym[ntbmsS XnSp°w ImWn®Xv Dƒ°nSnetØmsSbmWv hmbn®pXo¿ØXv. \s√mcp hmb-

\m\p`hambncp∂p teJ\w. ap_mdIv Xncq¿°mSn\pw kvt\lkwhmZØn\pw A`n\µ\߃! ˛ Xmln¿ aplΩZv Xet»cn

**** h¿Ko-bX hf¿Øp-∂Xv Ckvemtam? Pohn-XØ - ns‚ \nJnetaJ-eI - f - nepw kam-[m\w Is≠Øm≥ klm-bn°p∂ Z¿i-\-amWv Ckvemw. kam-[m\w F∂ A¿Y-Øn-ep≈ t]cn¬ Xs∂ AXns‚ kmwKXyw Hfn™p InS-∏p-≠v. kºq¿W-ambn {]]©\mY\v ka¿∏n-°p-∂X - neqsS Ic-K-X-amIp∂ kam-[m-\-Øn¬ \n∂v XpS-ßn, hnizm-km-Nmcm\pjvTm-\ß-fpsS k¿h-cw-KØpw kam-[m-\Ø - n\v \nan- Ø - a m- I p∂ cq]- Ø n- e mWv AXv kwhn-[m-\n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Ak-am-[m-\hpw Ak-lnjvWp-Xbpw krjvSn°p∂ Xc-Øn¬ h¿Kob tNcn-Xn-cn-hp-Iƒ \S-∂p-sIm-≠ncn-°p∂ h¿Ø-am-\-Im-eØv, CXn\p apgp-h\pw Imc--Wambn Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p∂Xv Ckvemans\bpw apkvenwI-sfbpamWv F∂p-≈Xv Gsd k¶-S-I-c-amWv. hensbmc-f-thmfw sX‰p[cn-∏n-°-en-eqsS- b mWv Cu [mcW kaq- l - Ø n¬ cq]s∏Sp-Øn-sb-Sp-Ø-sX-¶n¬ A¬]w Nne Ahn-thIn apkvenw \ma-[m-cn-IfpsS {]h¿Ø-\ß - fpw CXn\v tlXp-hmbn `hn-®n-´p-≠v. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ CXcaX-ÿtcmSpw Ah-cpsS Bcm-[\ - m-Nn-”ß - t- fmSpw sh®p ]pe¿tØ≠ \ne-]m-Sn-s\-Ipdn®v hy‡-amb hnh-cß - ƒ \¬Ip-∂p≠v Jp¿-B≥. Ckvemw hna¿i-I¿°pw hnth-I-c-lnX apkvenw sNdp-∏-°m¿°pw th≠n A°mcyw A¬]w kqNn-∏n-°s - ´. krjvSn-]q-P-Iƒ°pw A√mlp-h-√mØ-h-tcm-Sp≈ {]m¿Y-\Iƒ°psa-Xnsc I¿i\ \ne-]m-sS-Sp-Øn´p≈ aX-amWv Ckvemw. F∂m¬ CXnse \nc¿Y-IX kua-\-ky-]q¿hw AXns‚ h‡m°ƒ°v hnh-cn-®p-sIm-Sp°pI F∂-Xn-e∏ - pdw AXns\ ]cn-l-kn-°mt\m NoØ ]dbmt\m Ckvemw A\p-hZ- n-°p-∂n-√. Jp¿B≥ ]d-bp∂p: ""A√mlphn\p ]pdsa Ah¿ hnfn®v {]m¿Yn°p∂hsc \n߃ iImcn°cpXv . Ah¿ hnhcan√msX AXn{Iaambn A√mlpsh iImcn°m≥ AXv ImcWamtb°pw. A{]Imcw Hmtcm hn`mKØn\pw AhcpsS {]h¿Ø-

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\w \mw `wKnbmbn tXm∂n®ncn°p∂p. ]n∂oSv AhcpsS c£nXmhn¶te°m-Wv AhcpsS aS°w. Ah¿ sNbvXpsIm≠ncp∂Xns\∏‰nsb√mw At∏mƒ Ah≥ Ahsc Adnbn°p∂XmWv.''(6:108) F∂m¬ kXy-aX - {- ]-t_m-[\ - Ø - ns\Xnsc A{I-a-Øn\p apXn-cm-dp≈ Xa- ns‚ Bfp-Isf Cu {]t_m-[\w sNmSn∏n-°p-sa-∂X - n-¬ kwi-bs - am-∂p-an-√. AXn¬ {]tIm-]n-Xc - m-ImsX ]Iz-ambn {]t_m[\w XpS-cp-hm-\mWv Jp¿-B≥ Bh-iys∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ""aXImcyØn¬ \nßtfmSv bp≤w sNømXncn°pIbpw, \nßfpsS hoSpIfn¬ \n∂v \nßsf ]pdØm°mXncn°pIbpw sNøp∂hsc kw_‘n®nStØmfw \nßfh¿°v \≥a sNøp∂Xpw \nßfhtcmSv \oXn ImWn°p∂Xpw A√mlp \nßtfmSv \ntcm[n°p∂n√. Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlp \oXn ]men°p∂hsc CjvSs∏Sp∂p.''(60:8) F¶nepw aX-Im-cy-Øn¬ t]mcn-\p- hcp-∂-hsc IrXy-amb t\Xr-Xzhpw aXnbmb Imc-W-hp-ap-s≠-¶n¬ FXn¿°msa∂v Xs∂-bmWv CkvemanI[ym-]-\w. F∂m¬ AXn¬t]mepw AXn-cp-hn´p {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xns\ A√mlp hne°p∂p-≠v. ""\nßtfmSv bp≤w sNøp∂hcpambn A√mlphns‚ am¿KØn¬ \nßfpw bp≤w sNøpI. F∂m¬ \n߃ ]cn[nhn´v {]h¿Øn°cpXv. ]cn[nhn´v {]h¿Øn°p∂hsc A√mlp CjvSs∏SpIbn√ Xs∂.'' (2:190) Xs‚ Iogn¬ Pohn-°p∂ Aapkvenw ]ucs\ NqjWw sNømt\m \ymb-{]Im-c-a-√mØ coXn-bn¬ hyh-lm-c-Ønepƒs∏-Sp-ØpItbm sNøp-∂X - n-s\-°p-dn®v \_n  i‡-ambn Xm°oXv sNbvXn-´p≠v. ""kq£n-°pI, Aapkvenw ]uc-∑msc h√-hcpw ASn-®-a¿Øp-Itbm AhcpsS Ign-hn-∂-Xo-X-ambn \nIpXn`mcw Npa-Øp-Itbm Ah-tcmSv {Iqc-ambn s]cpam-dp-Itbm Ah-cpsS Ah-Im-i-߃ sh´n-°p-d° - p-It- bm sNøp-Ib - m-sW-¶n¬ A¥y-\m-fn¬ Ah¿s°-Xnsc Rm≥ kzbw Xs∂ ]cmXn t_m[n-∏n-°p-∂X - m-Wv.'' (A_q-Zm-hqZv) kaq-l-Øn¬ Ipg-∏-ß-fpw Acm-P-IXz-ßfpw krjvSn-°p-∂Xv Gsd shdp°p-∂p≠v Ckvemw. Xs‚ ktlm-Zc - s‚ t\¿°p≈ AØcw GsXmcp \o°(ti-jw- t]-Pv- 46 ¬- )-

Xn-cp-sam-gnin-lm-_v- kz-em-ln-

{hX\n¿hrXn A_q-lp-ssd-d \n-th-Z-\w-:- ""hymP-hm-°p-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂Xpw AX-\pk-cn®v {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xpw shSn-bm-Ø-h¿ Xs‚ A∂]m\o-b-߃ shSn™v ]´nWn InS-°-W-sa∂v A√m-lp-hn\v bmsXmcp Bh-iy-hpan√''(_pJmcn)

hnizm-k-Øn\v IcpØp ]I-cp∂ Bflob Bbp-[amWv {hXw. "XJvh'bmWv {hX-Øns‚ apJy-e£ - y-ambn Jp¿B≥ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ""kXy-hnizmknItf, \nßfpsS apºp≈htcm-Sv I¬]n®ncp∂Xv t]mseØs∂ \nß-ƒ°pw t\mºv \n¿_‘ambn I¬]n°-s∏´ncn°p∂p. \n߃ tZmj_m[sb kq£n°phm≥ th≠nbs{X AXv.'' (2:183). "kq£vaX' F∂mWv "XJvh'°v s]mXpsh \¬I-s∏-Sm-dp≈ A¿Yw. PohnX-Øn-ep--S-\ofw ssZhnIam¿K-\n¿tZ-i߃ ]men-°e - mWv "XJvh'bp-sS Dt±iw. tIhew kq£va-X-sb∂ A¿Y]cn-I¬]-\-Iƒ°p-tasd D]-cn-bn-em-Wn-Xv. hnizm-k[ - m¿jvT - y- hpw hy‡nPohn-XØn¬ {]hm-N-I-N-cy-I-tfmSv Atß-b-‰sØ hnt[-b-X-zhpw I¿a-ß-sf√mw A√m-lphn\v th≠n am{X-am-hp-Ibpw sNøp-tºmtg- "XJvh'bpsS e£yw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°s∏-Sp-I-bp-≈p. {]kvXpX e£y-Øn-te°p≈ ]S-hp-Iƒ Ib-dm≥ t\mºv klmbn-°p-∂p. hn`-h-ß-sfms° Isø-Øpw hn[w k÷-am-bn-cn-°p-tºmgpw cl-kyamb Bkzm-Z-\-߃°v Ah-kcw e`n°p-tºmgpw AXn\v Xp\n-bmsX, AkvXabtim`-°mbn ImØn-cn-°p-∂Xv ssZh{]oXn am{Xw B{K-ln-®p-sIm-≠p-≈ I¿a-ambn t\mºns\ \mw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. C—-Iƒ°v ISn-™m-WnSpI hgn \mw t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p-∂Xv kl\-Øns‚ s]m≥Xq-h-ep-I-fm-Wv.

{hXm-\p-jvTm\-Øn-eqsS e`n-°p∂ PohnXhnip-≤n-bmWv t\mºp-Imew \¬Ip∂ \n¿hr-Xn. {]`mXw apX¬ {]tZmjw hsc A∂-]m-\o-b-ß-fn-¬ \n∂pw ssewKnIhrØn-bn¬ \n∂pw hn´p\n¬°p-∂Xv sIm≠v am{Xw t\Sm≥ Ign-bp∂-X√ {]kvXpX Pohn-X-hn-ip-≤n. Jp¿B≥ ]T-\hpw ]mcm-b-Whpw sIm≠ew-Ir-Xa - mb ]I-ep-Iƒ, \a-kvIm-cß - ƒ sIm≠v hna-eo-I-cn-°s∏´ cmhp-Iƒ...km-[p-hns\ kwc-£n-°m\pw AK-Xnsb Biz-kn-∏n-°m-\p-ap≈ Iq´mb ]cn-{i-a߃... XpSßn da-Zm≥ \¬Ip∂ \nch[n Ah-k-c-ß-fn-eq-sS t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xm-Wv. Xn∑-Itfm tæ—-amb {]h¿Øn-Itfm t\mºp-Im-c\v A`n-e-jWo-b-a-√. A\m-h-iy-kw-km-c-߃ t]mepw t\mºns‚ ssNX-\ysØ If-¶-s∏Sp-Øp-sa-∂mWv {]hm-N-Im-[ym-]-\w. ""hymP-hm-°pIƒ ]d-bp-∂Xpw AX-\pk-cn®v {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xpw shSn-bm-Øh¿ Xs‚ A∂-]m-\o-b-߃ shSn™v ]´nWn InS-°-W-sa∂v A√m-lp-hn\v bmsXmcp Bh-iy-hp-an√''(_pJmcn) {hX-Øns‚ Bfl-kØ Dƒs°-m≈p-Ibpw {]Xn-^-te-—-tbm-sSbpw hnaeo-I-c-W-Nn-¥-I-tfm-sSbpw da-Zm-\ns\ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h¿°mWv {hXw \¬Ip∂ \n¿hrXn Bkz-Zn-°m\m-Ip-I-.- AØ-c-°m¿°v kam-\-X-I-fn√mØ hmKvZm-\ß - f - mW-v {]]©-\mY≥ \¬Ip-∂X - v. ""a\p-jys‚ I¿a-ßs - f√mw

2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

6

Ah-\p-≈-Xm-Wv; t\msºm-gn-sI. \n›bw AXv F\n-°p-f-f-Xm-Wv. Rm\mWv AXn\v {]Xn-^ew \¬Ip-I. t\mºv Hcp ]cn-Nb - m-Wv. t\mºp-Im-ea - m-bm¬ Bcpw tæO-ambn kwkm-cn-°pI-tbm _l-f-ap≠m-°p-Itbm Ie-ln-°p-Itbm sNø-cpXv, h√-h\pw Ie-lhpw NoØ-bp-ambn Bsc-¶nepw t\cn-´m¬ Rm≥ t\mºp-Imc-\m-sW∂v ]d™v Hgn™p amd-s´, apl-Ω-Zns‚ Bflmhv BcpsS Iøn-emtWm Ah≥ Xs∂ k-Xyw. t\msº-Sp°pI hgn t\mºp-Im-cs‚ hmb-bn¬ \n∂p hcp∂ K‘w Jnbma-Øv \mfn¬ A√m-lp-hns‚ ASp-°¬ IkvXq-cn-tb°mƒ kpK-‘a - p-≈X - m-bn-cn-°pw. t\mºpIm-c\v c≠v kt¥m-jß - f - p-≠v. H∂v t\mºp Xpd-°p-tºmgpw as‰m-∂v A√m-lphns\ I≠p-ap-´p-tºm-gpw.'' (apØ-^J - p≥ Asseln) ""døm≥ F∂v t]cp≈ Hcp {]tXyI IhmSw Xs∂ kz¿K-Øn-ep≠v AXv t\mºp-Im¿°p-≈X - m-Wv. t\mºp-Im-c√msX Hcmfpw AXn-eqsS {]th-in-°p-Ib - n√. B Ihm-S-Øn-s‚-b-SpØv \n∂pw C{]Imcw hnfn®p ]d-bs - ∏-Spw: "FhnsS t\mºp-Im¿?' Aßs\ Ah¿ am{Xw {]thin-°pw. Ah¿ {]th-in®p Ign-™m¬ B IhmSw AS-°s - ∏-Spw. ]n∂oSv Hcmsfbpw AXn-eqsS ISØn hnSp-Ib - n√.' (_pJmcn)

]-{Xm-[n-]¿-°v- ]-d-bm-\p-≈-Xv-

]∂n-∏\n \¬Ip∂ ]mTw

temIw ]\n-t∏-Sn-bn-emWv. Fen-∏\n, ae-º\ - n, ]£n-∏\ - n, sU¶n-∏\n, ssSt^mbvUv, Nn°p≥ Kp\nb.... Ct∏mƒ ]∂n-∏\ - nbpw. C°-gn™ G{]n¬ Ah-km-\t- Øm-sS-bmWv saIvkn-t°m-bn¬ \n∂v BZy-ambn ]∂n-∏\n dnt∏m¿´v sNø-s∏-´-Xv. s]s´∂v Xs∂ AXv temI-saßpw hym]n-®p. saIvkn-t°m-bn¬ ]\n I≠v ]{¥≠mw Znhkw Xs∂ AXv sslZ-cm_m-Zn-se-Øn-sb∂ hkvXpX CXns‚ {]km-c-W-th-K-sØ-°p-dn®v a\ n-em-°n-Ø-cp-∂p-≠v. CXn-\Iw temIØv Ht∂-Im¬ e£-Øn-e-[nIw t]sc ]nSnIq-Snb ]∂n-∏\n c≠p-h¿j-Øn-\Iw Ccp-∂qdp tImSn t]sc _m[n-°p-sa∂v temImtcm-Ky-kw-L-S\ ap∂-dn-bn∏v \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. ]∂n-∏-\n°v Imc-W-°mc-\mb F®v 1 F≥ 1 sshdkv temIsØ aq∂p h´w hew-sh®v amk-߃sImt≠ sI´-Sßq F∂pw hnI-kz-c-cm-jv{S-ßsf CXv \∂mbn _m[n-°p-sa-∂p-ap≈ temIm-tcmKy kwL-Sm-\mta-[mhn tUm: am¿K-c‰v Nm\ns‚ {]kvXm-h\ Gsd `b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv. C-¥y≥P-\-kw-Jy-bp-sS- aq∂nsem-∂n-\pw- A-Sp-Ø- c-≠p- h¿-j-Øn-\-Iw- ]-∂n-∏-\n-bp-≠m-Ipsa-∂m-Wv- tI{µ Btcm-Ky-a{¥n Kpemw\_n Bkm-Zns‚ hne-bn-cp-Ø-ep-Iƒ. C¥ybn-en-t∏mƒ Bbn-c-tØmfw t]¿t° tcmKw ÿnco-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈qsh-¶nepw AXv AXn-{io{Lw hym]n-°p-hm-\mWv km[y-X. \ΩpsS Btcm-Ky-˛- ip-No-I-cW kwhn-[m\-ßf - psS A]-cym]vX F√m-h¿°pw Adn-bm-hp-∂X - m-Wt- √m. Cu kwhn-[m-\ß - s - f√mw Gsd sa®-s∏´ Cw•-≠n-¬ Hmtcm BgvNbpw dnt∏m¿´v sNø-s∏-Sp-∂Xv ap∏-Xn-\mbncw ]∂n-∏-\n-_m-[-I-fmWv Ft∂m¿°p-I. F√m-hcpw DW¿∂p {]h¿Øn-t°≠ ka-b-am-Wn-Xv. k¿°mcpw k∂-≤-kw-L-S\-I-fp-sa√mw ssItIm¿Øp \n∂v {]h¿Øn-®m¬ ]∂n-∏\n_m[-bpsS sISp-Xn-Iƒ Ipd-°m≥ Ignt™°pw. CXn\v Imcy-amb {]Xn-tcm[acp-∂p-I-sfm∂pans√-∂-XmWv Btcm-Ky-{]-h¿ØIsc Ipg-bv°p∂ {][m-\-s∏´ {]iv\w. San ^vfq Kpfn-I-I-fmWv CXn∂v \¬Ip-∂ acp-∂v. F®v 1 F≥ 1 sshd-kns\ {]Xn-tcm-[n-°p-hm-\p≈ hmIvkn\p-I-sfm∂pw CXp-hsc Is≠-Øn-bn-´n-√. F∂m¬ ipNo-I-c-W-Øn-eqsS CXv ]Icp∂Xv XS-bm≥ Ign-t™-°pw. tcmK-_m-[n-X¿ a‰p-≈-h-cpambn kº¿°-Øn-te¿s∏2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

7

Sp-∂Xv ]c-am-h[n Ipd-°pI-bmWv CXn-∂mbn th≠Xv. XpΩp-Itbm Npa-°p-Itbm sNøp-tºmƒ Snjyqt]∏¿ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw {]kvXpX t]-∏¿ AWp-{]-k-c-W-Øn\v Ign-bmØ cq]-Øn¬ \in-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI, ssIIƒ tkm∏pw Pe-hp-]-tbm-Kn®v Igp-Ip-I, IÆnepw aq°nepw hmbnepw sXmSp-∂Xv ]c-am-h[n Hgn-hm-°p-I, tcmKn-Ifp-ambn ASpØv CS-s]-Sp-tºmƒ tcmKw ]I-cm-Xn-cn-°p-hm-\p≈ ap≥I-cp-X-ep-Iƒ FSp°pI XpS-ßnb ipNo-Ic - W - a - m¿K-ßf - mWv {][m-\a - mbn \n¿tZ-in-°s - ∏-Sp-∂X - v. kmw{Ian-I-tcm-K-߃ _m[n-®-h¿ AXv _m[n® ÿeØp \n∂v ]pd-Øp-t]m-Ip-hmt\m a‰p≈-h¿ Atßm´v sN√p-hmt\m ]mSn-s√∂ {]hm-N-I-I¬]\ CØ-cp-W-Øn¬ kvacWo-b-am-Wv.- D-km-a-Øp-_v-\-p- ssk-Zv-  \n-th-Z-\w.- \-_n- - ]-d-™p-:- ""tπ-Kv- _m-[n-®Xm-bn-- tI-´- ÿ-e-tØ-°v- \n-߃- t]m-I-cp-Xv.- \n-ß-fp-≈- ÿ-e-Øv- A-Xp- _m-[n-®m¬A-hn-sS- \n-∂v- Hm-Sn-t∏m-Ip-I-bp-a-cp-Xv'' -(ap-kv-en-w-) ]∂n-amwkw Xn∂-Xp-sIm≠p≠mb ]\n-sbm-∂p-a√ ]∂n-∏-\n. ]\n-bp≠m-°p∂ C≥^vfp-h≥k F sshd-kns‚ Hcp hI-t`Zw am{XamWv F®v1 F≥1. ]£n-∏-\n-bp≠m-°p∂ F®v1 F≥2 a\p-jy-cn¬ ]I¿®-∏-\n°v Imc-W-am-b F®v3 F≥2 F∂nh CXns‚ ktlm-Z-c-ß-fm-Wv. ]∂n-bn¬ km[m-c-W-bmbn ImW-s∏-Sp∂ F®v1 F≥1 sshd-kn\v Ah-bpsS ico-c-Øn-\-IØp Xs∂ B‚n-t_m-Un-Iƒ D¬]m-Zn-∏n-°-s∏Sp-∂p≠v. ]∂n-I-fn¬ \n∂v a\p-jy-cn-te°v ]I-¿∂XmWv Cu ]\n. a\pjyico-cØn¬ CXns\ {]Xn-tcm-[n-°p-hm-\m-h-iy-amb B‚n-t_m-Un-Iƒ D¬]m-Zn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂n-√. ]∂n-amw-k-a√ ]∂n-bp-am-bp≈ kº¿°-amWv ]∂n-∏\n a\p-jy-cn-se-Øn-t®cp∂-Xn\v \nan-Ø-amb ASn-ÿm-\-tl-Xp. ]∂n-∏\n AØ-c-°m-cn¬ \n∂v a‰p-≈-h-cnte°v ]I-cp-Ibm-bn-cp-∂p. ]∂n-amw-k-Øns‚ D]-tbm-K-Øn-ep-≠mb h¿[-\-hmWv a\p-jy¿ AXp-ambn \nc¥cw kº¿°Øn-te¿s∏-Sp-∂-Xns‚ \nc-°n-ep≈ h¿[-\-hn\v \nan-Ø-am-bn-Øo¿∂Xv. AXp-hgn a\p-jy¿°v ]∂n-∏-\nsb `b-s∏-´p-sIm≠v Pohn-t°≠ Ahÿ kwPmX-ambn. ]∂nsb `£n-°m≥ sIm≈p-I-bn-s√∂ ssZh-\n¿tZiw ]men-°m-Ø-XmWv ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn Cu `oXn-X-amb Ah-ÿ°v Imc-W-am-b-Xv. ssZhnIt_m[-\-{]Im-ca - p≈ Pohn-Xh - g - n-bmWv a\- n\v im¥nbpw ico-cØ - n\v kzÿn--bp-ap-≠m-hp-Is - b∂ Xncn-®-dn-hn-te°mWv ]∂n-∏-\n-bpsS hym]\w \sΩ \bn-°p-∂Xv. tæO-amb hkvXp°ƒ am{X-amWv A√mlp \ntcm-[n-®n-´p-≈-sX∂ Xncn-®-dn-hn-√m-Ø-h¿ A\p-`-h-Øn¬ \n∂v ]mTw ]Tn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bmWv F∂mWv cmPy-Øp≈ c≠-c-e-£-tØmfw hcp∂ ]∂n-Isf Iq´-s°me sNøp-hm-\p≈ CuPn]vXv Kh¨sa‚ v Xocp-am\w \¬Ip∂ kqN-\. A√mlp \ntcm-[n-®-sX√mw A]-I-S-Im-cn-I-fm-sW∂pw AXn¬ \n∂v Hgn™p \n¬°p-∂Xv hgn hy‡n°pw kaq-l-Øn\psa√mw KpWw am{X-sa-bp-≠m°p-sb∂pw hy‡-am-°p-I-bmWv ]∂n-∏-\n-bp-sSbpw FbvUvkn-s‚bpsa√mw hym]\w sNøp-∂-Xv. ""(\_ntb) ]dbpI: F\n°v t_m[\w \¬Is∏´n´p≈Xn¬ `£n°p∂h∂v `£n°phm≥ ]mSn√mØXmbn bmsXm∂pw Rm≥ ImWp∂n√; AXv ihtam, Hgp°s∏´ cIvXtam, ]∂namwktam BsW¶nsemgnsI. ImcWw AXv tæOas{X. As√¶n¬ A√mlph√mØhcpsS t]cn¬ (t\¿®bmbn) {]Jym]n°s∏´Xn\m¬ A[m-¿ΩnIambnØo¿∂n´p≈Xpw HgnsI. F∂m¬ h√h\pw (Ch `£n°m≥) \n¿_‘nX\mIp∂ ]£w Ah≥ \nbaewL\w B{Kln°mØh\pw AXncphn´pt]mImØh\pamsW¶n¬ \ns‚ \mY≥ Xo¿®bmbpw Gsd s]mdp°p∂h\pw IcpWm\n[nbpamIp∂p.'' (6:145) 2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

8

kzh¿Km-\p-cmKw

P\n-X-Itam sshIr-Xtam? Fw Fw AIv_¿

■-

t≠-j≥ hmZ-Øn\v Dt]m¬_e-Ia - mb Imcy-ßf - mWv hn[n\ym-b-Øns‚ Ggp-ap-X¬ H≥]-Xp-h-sc-bp≈ JWvUn-I-bpsS D≈-S°w. kzh¿Km-\p-cmKw {]Ir-Xn-hn-cp-≤hpw A\\ph-Z-\o-b-hp-am-sW∂ km{ºZm-bnIho£-W-a√ B[p\nIkaql-Øn-\p-≈-sX∂pw AXv {]Ir-Xn-]-chpw AXp-sIm≠p-Xs∂ A\p-hZ- n-°s - ∏-tS-≠X - p-am-sW∂ ka-Im-eo\kaql-Øns‚ ImgvN-∏mSv AwKo-I-cn-°p-I-bmWv `mc-Xhpw th≠-sX-∂p-ap≈ \mkv ^ut≠-js‚ hmZ-ßsf AwKoI-cn-®p-sIm-≠mWv kzh¿K-cX - nsb Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ambn ImWp∂ sF.-]n.kn 377mw hIp∏v C¥y≥ `c-W-L-S-\-bpsS 21, 14, 15 hIp-∏p-Iƒ {]Im-c-ap≈ kzm-X-{¥-yØn-t‚bpw Ah-Im-iß-fp-tSbpw \ntj-[-am-sW∂v U¬ln sslt°m-SXn hn[n®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.(1)

kzh¿K-cXn \nbahnt[-b-am-°-W-sa∂v {]kvXm-hn-®psIm-≠p≈, 2009 Pqsse 2s‚ U¬ln sslt°mSXn hn[nbn¬ C¥y≥ in£m-\n-b-a-Øns-e 377mw `mK-Øp≈ kzh¿K-c-Xnbpw arK-ssa-Yp-\-hp-sa√mw {]Ir-Xn-hn-cp-≤-am-sW∂ ImgvN∏ - mSv PqtZm-˛{- In-kvXy≥ [m¿an-I˛- s - s\-Xn-Ia - q-ey-ßf - n¬ \n∂v Dbn¿s°m-≠-Xm-sW-∂pw B[p-\n-I-]-T-\-߃ Cu ho£-WsØ km[q-I-cn-°p-∂n-s√-∂p-ap≈ \mkv ^ut≠js‚ hmZw FSp-Øp-≤-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. D`-b-I£n kΩ-X-{]Im-c-ap≈ KpZ-ssa-Yp-\-tØbpw hZ-\-kp-c-X-sØ-bpw {]IrXn-hn-cp-≤hpw Ip‰-Ir-Xy-hp-am-bn-°m-Wp∂ \nb-a-߃°v B[p-\nIkaq-l-Øn¬ bmsXmcp ÿm\-hp-an-s√∂ ^u2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

9

FXn¿enw-K-Øn-ep-≈-h-cpsS hkv{Xw [cn-°p-tºmƒ e`n°p∂ tIh-e-amb kwXr-]vXn-bn¬ \n∂pw XpSßn Xm≥ FXn¿enw-K-Øn-ep-≈-bm-fm-sW∂ i‡amb t_m[w -hgn ikv{X-{In-b°v \n¿_-‘n°p∂ Ahÿ hscbp-≈- Ggp Xcw A]c-ssew-KnI-X-I-sf-¶n-ep-ap-≠v. F∂-m¬ Ch-sbm-∂pw- Xs∂ kzh¿-Ks - sewKn-I-X-bp-ambn t\¿°p-t\sc _‘-s∏-´-h-b-√ F∂-XmWv hmkvX-hw.

"Ata- c n- ° ≥ sskIym- { SnÃv k v Atkm-kn-tb-js‚' "Ub-K-t\m-ÃnIv B‚ v ÃmÃn°¬ am\z¬ Hm^v sa‚¬ Untkm¿tUgvkn' se kzh¿Km-\p-cmKw at\m-hy-Xn-bm-\-am-sW∂ ]cm-a¿iw \o°w sNøp-∂-Xn¬ hnP-bn-®-tijw Ata-cn-°≥ kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-I-fpsS Iq´mbva {][m-\-ambpw ]cn-{i-an-®p-sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv kzh¿K-cXn {]Ir-Xn-hn-cp≤-a-s√∂v ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn\p th≠n-bmWv. AXn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ Poh-imkv{X]T- \ - ß fpw P\n- X - I m- ] - { K- Y - \ - ß fpw k¿t∆-Ifpw hym]-I-ambn \S-∂p-sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Ata-cn-°≥ ssewKn-Ih - nπh-Øn\v ]n∂n¬ \S-°p∂ bqtdm-∏nepw a‰p ]m›m-Xy≥ \mSp-If - nepap≈ kzh¿Km-\p-cmKokwL-ß-fpw Ah-tcm-sSm∏w \n¬°p- ∂ - h - c pw Cu ]T- \ - ß - f nepw k¿t∆-If - nepw ]¶p-sIm≈pIbpw A\p-

Iq-ea - mb ^e-ßf - p-≠m-°p-hm≥ H‰-s°´mbn apt∂-dn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. imkv{X-⁄-tcbpw imkv{X-{]-kn≤o-I-c-W-ß-tfbpw kzm[o-\n-°p-Ibpw X߃ \¬Ip∂ ]T-\-߃ B[n-Imcn-Ia - m-sW∂v hcp-Øp-∂X - n\p th≠nbp≈ Icp-\o-°-߃ \S-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. kzh¿Km-\p-cmKw {]Ir-Xn-Z-Ø-amsW∂p hcp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ \mep ]Xn-‰m≠p \o≠p-\n∂ `KocY]cn-{i-aß - f - psS ^e-ambn tK en_-tdj≥ aqhvsa‚ v t\Sn-sb-SpØ Ata-cn-°≥ imkv { Xmw- K o- I m- c - Ø ns‚ ]n≥_- e ØnemWv C¥y-bn¬ t]mepw \nb-abp≤w \S-Øm≥ kzh¿Km-\p-cm-KnIƒ°v Ign-bp-∂-Xv. kzh¿Km-\p-cmKw {]IrXn-hn-cp-≤-am-sW∂ km{º-Zm-bnIho£Ww imkv{Xo-ba - s - √∂ ImgvN∏ - mSv F{Xam{Xw hkvXp-\n-jvTa - m-sW∂v At\z-jn-

2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

10

°p-hm≥ U¬ln sslt°m-SXn k∂≤-am-bn-´n-√. kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Ko-kw-L-ßfpsS imkv{Xw am{Xta tImS-Xn-bpsS ]cn-K-W-\°v h∂n-´p-≈q-sh-∂-XmWv hmkvX-hw. Ah- I m- i - ß fpw \nb- a - b p- ≤ - ß - f pambn _‘-s∏´v ]cm-a¿in-°ptºmƒ F¬.-Pn.-_n.Snsb∂v kzh¿Km-\p-cm-KnIsf-°pdn®v s]mXp-hmbn hnfn-°p∂ coXn hnImkw {]m]n-®Xv 1990-I-fn-em-Wv.(2) sekv _ n- b ≥, tK, ss_sk- I v j z¬, {Sm≥kvsP≥U¿ F∂n-h-bpsS Npcp-°t∏-cmWv F¬.-Pn.-_n.-Sn. kzh¿K-{]-Wbn (gay) kzh¿-{]-W-bn\n (lesbian), D`-bh¿K-{]-Wbn (bisexual), A]-c-enw-K¿ (transgender) F∂n-ßs\ Chsb aebm-fo-I-cn-°mw. ]pcp-js\ {]W-bn-°pIbpw Ah-\p-ambn ssewKn-I-_-‘-Ønte¿s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂ ]pcp-j-\mWv kzh¿K-{]-Wbn (gay). kv{Xosb {]Wbn-°p-Ibpw Ah-fp-ambn icocw ]¶p-tNcp-Ibpw sNøp∂ kv{XobmWv kzh¿K{]-W-bn\n (lesbian). kv{Xotbbpw ]pcpj-t\bpw {]W-bn-°p-Ibpw c≠p- Iq-´cp-ambn ssewKn-I-_-‘-Øn-te¿s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂ ]pcp-j-t\bpw kv{Xotbbpw hnfn-°p∂ t]cmWv D`-b-h¿K-{]Wbn (bisexual). imco-cn-I-ambn GsX¶nepw enwK-Øn-ep-≈-h-cm-sW-¶nepw FXn¿enw-KØ - ns‚ am\-kn-Ii - m-co-cn-Im-hÿ bp-≈-bm-fm-Wv A]-cenw-Kcmbn-(transgender) Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Ch-sc√mw ssewKnI\yq\-]-£-ßfpw AXp-sIm≠p-Xs∂ Htc-Xcw {]iv\-ßsf A`n-apJo-I-cn-°p-∂hcpw Htc-Xcw Ah-K-W-\Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂-h-cp-am-b-Xn-\m¬ H∂n®p \oßp-Ibpw Htc t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-SpIbpw sNøp-∂p-sh-∂-XmWv LGBT F∂ s]mXp\ma-Øn-\p≈ hni-Zo-I-c-Ww.(3) Cu s]mXp-\m-a-I-cWw apX¬ XpSßp∂p kzh¿Km-\p-cm-KØ - n-t‚bpw B t]cnep≈ ssewKn- I - c m- P - I - X z- Ø n- t ‚bpw cmjv{So-bw. kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-bmb ]pcp-j\pw kv{Xobp-ap-≠m-Ip-∂Xv kzm`m-hn-I-am-bn´m-sW∂v hcp-Øn-Øo¿°p-∂-Xn\v P\nXI]T-\ß - s - fbpw A¥x-{km-hhy-hÿ bnse tlm¿tam¨ k¥p-e-\sØ Ipdn® ]pXnb \nco-£-W-ß-sfbpsa√mw A\p-Iq-e-ambn hymJym-\n-°p-I-bmWv kzh¿Km-\p-cmKokwL-ßf - p-ambn _‘ap≈ Kth-j-I-∑m¿ sNøp-∂-Xv. Ah-

cpsS hmZ-߃ \qdp-i-X-am\w icn-bmsW∂p sh°p-I. Aß-s\-bmsW-¶n¬ Fßn-s\-bmWv B KW-Øn-te°v D`b-h¿K-{]-W-bnsb tN¿°m≥ Ign-bpI? ]pcp-j-t\bpw kv{Xotbbpw Hcp-t]mse {]W-bn-°m\pw c≠p-t]-cpambpw ssewKn-I_ - ‘ - Ø - n-te¿s∏-Sp-hm\pw Ign-bp-∂bm-fmWt√m D`-bh - ¿K-{]-Wb - n. kzh¿K{]-W-bn°v s]Æp-ambn kwXr-]vX-amb _‘w km[y- a - √ m- Ø - X n- \ m¬ ]pcpjs\ {]W- b n- ° m≥ A\p- h - Z n- ° - W sa∂pw kzh¿K-{]-Wb - n-\n°v ]pcp-js\ {]m]n-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-Xn-\m¬ s]Æns\ t{]an-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-W-sa-∂p-ap≈ hmZ-߃°v a\pjym-h-Im-i-Øns‚ ta¬aqSn-bn-´-bp-Ss\ ]ns∂ ]d-bp-hm-\p≈Xv c≠p- Iq-´-tcbpw t{]an-°p-hm\pw _‘-s∏-Sp-hm\pw Ign-bp-∂h - ¿°v AXn\p-ap≈ Ah-Imiw A\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm-Sp°-W-sa-∂m-Wv. D`-b-h¿K-{]-W-bn°v FXn¿enw-K-Øn-ep-≈-h-cp-ambn a\ pw ico-chpw ]¶p-sh-°m-\m-Ip-sa∂v ChcpsS Kth-j-W-߃ Xs∂ hy‡-am°p∂ ÿnXn°v kzh¿K-Øn-ep-≈-hsc am{Xw thƒ°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xn-\m¬ kaq-l-Øns‚ FXn¿∏p-sIm≠v {]bmk-ß-f-\p-`-hn®v IjvS-s∏-Sp∂ kzh¿K{]-Wb - n-If - p-sSbpw {]W-bn-\n-If - psSbpw KW-Øn¬ Ch-sc-°qSn s]SpØn ChcpsS Ah-Im-i-߃ XΩn¬ Iq´n-°p-g°p-∂X - ns‚ kmwK-Xy-sa-¥mWv? DØcw hy‡w. kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-I-fpsS sNehn¬ B¿°pw Bcp-ambpw ssewKn-I_ - ‘-Øn-te¿s∏-Sp-hm≥ Ign-bp∂ Ahÿ-bp-≠m-°p-I-bmWv Cu tImem-l-eß-fp-sS-sb√mw e£yw. Ata-cn-°≥ P\-kw-Jy-bn¬ \mep iX-am-\-amWv F¬.-Pn.-_n.Snsb∂m-Wv 2006se IW°v.(4) CXn¬ _lp-`q-cn-]-£hpw D`-bh¿K-{]-W-bn-I-fmWv; a‰p-c-≠p-hn-`m-KtØbpw At]-£n®v hfsc IqSp-X¬! kz-h¿Km-\p-cmKw {]Ir-Xn-hn-cp-≤a - s - √∂v hcp- Ø n- Ø o¿°pI hgn \yq\- ] £w hcp∂ tK˛-se-kv_n-b≥ at\m-hy-Xn-bm\-°msc ap∂n¬ \n¿Øn BWp-ambpw s]Æp-ambpw CjvSw-t]mse can-®p-\-S°m-\p≈ kml-Ncyw krjvSn-°p-I-bmWv kzh¿Km-\p-cmK Kth-j-I-cn¬ ]ecpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂¿Yw. imco- c n- I - a mbn GsX- ¶ n- e p- s amcp enwK-Øn¬ s]´-h-cm-sW-¶nepw am\-knIhpw sshIm-cn-I-hp-ambn FXn¿enw-K-

Hcmsf kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-bm-°p-∂-Xn¬ Po\p-Iƒ°v ]¶ps≠∂p hmZ-Øn\p th≠n kΩ-Xn-®m¬ t]mepw AXn\v kmaq-lnI AwKo-Imcw \¬Im≥ AXv \ymbo-I-c-W-am-hp∂n√ F∂-XmWv bmYm¿Yyw

Øn-ep-≈-h-cm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xn-\mWv A]c-ssew-Kn-IX (transgenderism) F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. c≠p Xcw A]-c-ssew-Kn-IX-I-fp-≠v. H∂v A]-c-enw-K-h-kv{X-[m-ctW-—b - mWv (transvestism). as‰m∂v A]c-enw-K-hy-‡n-Xz-amWv (transsexualism). FXn¿enw-K-Øn-ep-≈-h-cpsS hkv{Xw [cn-°p-∂-Xp-aq-e-ap-≠m-Ip∂ Bfl-kwXr-]vXn-bmWv H∂m-a-tØ-Xv. A]-c-enwK-Øn¬ s]´-h-\mWv Xm≥ F∂ [mcWbpw AXp- aq¿—n®v enwK-am‰imkv{X{In-bbv°p hsc t{]cn-∏n-°p∂ i‡amb hnIm-ch - p-amWv c≠m-at- Ø-X.v IrXyamb hc hc®v th¿Xn-cn-°m-hp∂ c≠v {]iv\-ß-f√ Ch-sb-∂mWv {]K¬` P¿a≥ A¥x-{km-h-hy-hÿmKth-j-

2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

11

I\pw A]-c-ssew-Kn-I-X-sb∂ hnj-bØn¬ A{K-K-Wy-\p-amb tUm: lmcn s_≥P--an≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.(5) FXn¿enw-KØn-ep-≈-h-cpsS hkv{Xw [cn-°p-tºmƒ e`n-°p∂ tIh-e-amb Hcp kwXr-]vXnbn¬ \n∂pw XpSßn Xm≥ FXn¿enw-KØn- e p- ≈ - b m- f m- s W∂ i‡- a mb t_m[w-hgn imkv{X-{In-b°v \n¿_-‘n°p∂ Ahÿ hsc Ggp Xcw A]-cssew-Kn-I-X-I-sf-¶n-ep-ap-≠v. Ch-sbm∂pw- Xs∂ kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-I-X-bp-ambn t\¿°p-t\sc _‘-∏-´-h-b-s√∂v tUm: lmcn s_≥P-an≥ hy‡-am-°p-∂p. A]c-enwKhkv{Xm-[m-c-tW— Hcp kmaq-ly{]-iv\hpw A]-c-enw-K-hy-‡nXzw Hcp enwK- h y- ‡ nXz{]iv \ - h p- a m- s W- ¶ n¬

kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-IX tIh-e-samcp ssewKnI {]iv\w am{X-am-sW∂mWv At±-l-Øns‚ ]£w.(6) kmaq-ln-Iamb ]cn-K-W-\-bm-h-iy-ap≈ Hcp at\m-hy-Xn-bm-\-amWv A]-c-ssew-Kn-I-X. AØcw hyXn-bm-\-ap-≈-hsc NqjWw sNøm≥ kzh¿K-t`m-Kn-Iƒ°v Ffp-∏-am-Wv. XßfpsS cXnsshIr-Xß - ƒ°v Ahsc hnt[-ba - m-°p-tºmƒ Hcp Xcw ASn-a-ØtØmsS AsX√mw kln-°p-hm≥ A]-c-ssew-Kn-I-X-bn-ep-≈-h¿ k∂-≤-am-hpw. kzh¿Km\p-cm-Kn-I-fpsS Cc-I-fmWv Ah¿ F∂¿Yw. AØcw Bfp-Is - fbpw kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-It- fbpw Htc KW-Øn¬ s]Sp-Øp-∂Xv [m¿an-I-ambpw imkv{Xo-b-ambpw icnbmb kao-]-\-a-√. kmaq-ly-]-cn-K-W\ Bh-iy-ap≈ at\m-hy-Xn-bm-\-°m-scbpw A®-S-°-\-S-]Sn A\n-hm-cyamb ssewKn-Iss-h-Ir-X-ap-≈-h-scbpw Htc KW-Øn¬ s]Sp-Øp-∂-sX-ßns\? Chn-tSbpw ssewKnI Acm-PI-Xz-Øn\p th≠n-bp≈ cmjv{SobIcp-\o-°ß - ƒ Xs∂bmWv kq£-vam-t\z-jn-Iƒ°v ImWm≥ Ign-bp-I. 1990-Iƒ apX¬ imkv{Xo-b-]-T-\-߃ D]-tbm-Kn®v kzh¿Km-\p-cm-KsØ {]Ir-Xn-]-c-am-°p-∂-Xn\p th≠nbp≈ Icp-\o-°-߃ Bcw-`n-®p. Ata-cn-°≥ \yqtdm k-b‚n-Ãmb kntam¨ en shbpsS "kzh¿K-c-Xn-°mcp-tSbpw km[m-cW - ° - m-cp-tSbpw sslt∏m-Xe - m-akv LS\-bn-ep≈ hyXymkw' (A difference in Hypothalamic structure between hetterosexual and homosexual men) 2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

F∂ kb≥kv amK-kn≥ teJ-\-am-bn-cp∂p(7) Cu KW-Øn-ep≈ BZy]T-\w. s\X¿-em‚ vkv C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v \yqtdm kb≥knse akv X njv I Kth- j - I - \ mb s{]m^: tUm: Un.- F - ^ v kvhm_pw AtX ÿm]-\-Øn¬ Xs∂-bp≈ \yqtdm A\m-´-an Kth-jI - ≥ tUm: Fw.F tlm^vam\pw c≠p kl-{]-h¿Ø-Icpw IqSn-sb-gp-Xnb "a\p-jy-ak - vXn-jvIØ - nse Hcp enwK-hy-Xym-khpw A]-c-enw-K-hy-‡n-Xz-hp-ambn AXn-\p≈ _‘hpw' (A sex difference in the human brain and its relation to transsexuality) F∂ teJ-\-Øn¬(8) kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-I-fp-tSbpw A]-c-enw-K-hy-‡n-Xzap-≈-h-cp-tSbpw km[m-c-W-°m-cp-tSbpw akvXn-jvI-߃ XΩn¬ sN-dnb Nne hyXn-cn-‡X - I - f - p-s≠∂v imkv{X-kt- ¶-Xß - f - p-]t- bmKn®v hmZn®tXmsS AXv FSpØp]nSn-®p-sIm≠v kzh¿Km-\p-cmKw {]IrXnZØ-am-sW∂ {]Nm-c-W-Øn\v i‡n-tb-dn. bqWnth-gvkn‰n Hm^v sSIvkmkv skt°m-fPn hn`m-K-Ønse tUm: sU∂nkv saIv ^±m\pw FUvth¿Uv Pn {]km-\\pw IqSn-sbgp-Xnb "km[m-c-W-°m-cn-tebpw kzh¿K-c-Xn-°m-cntebpw I¿Why-h-ÿ-bpsS Xmc-Xayw' (Comparison of the auditory systems of heterosexuals and homosexuals) F∂ {]_-‘-Øn¬(9) c≠p-Iq´-cp-tSbpw tIƒhnbpw A\p-_‘kwhn-[m-\ß - fpw XΩn¬ kmcamb hyXn-cn-‡-X-I-fp≠v F∂v ]d-™Xv Db¿Øn-°m-Wn-®p-sIm-≠v kzh¿K-c-Xn-°m-cpsS Ah-b-h-߃ t]mepw {]h¿Øn°p-∂Xv Ah-cpsS ssewKn-Im-`n-\n-thi-Øns‚ ASnÿm\-Ønem-sW∂pw {]kvXpX A`n-\n-thiw Xocp-am-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv P\\-Øn\p apºm-sW∂pw hsc hmZn-°-s∏-´p. kzh¿Km-`n-\n-thiw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-hcptSbpw AX-√m-Ø-h-cp-tSbpw hnc-ep-I-fpsS hen∏w XΩn-ep≈ A\p-]mXw hyXy-k-vXam-sW-∂m-bn-cp∂p _n.sP kn‹-≠ns‚ Is≠-ج.(10) CXpw Gsd D≤-cn-°-s∏-SpIbpw kzh¿KssewKn-IX {]Ir-Xn-hn-cp-≤-a-s√-∂-Xn-\p≈ sXfnhmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ssewKn-Im-`n-\n-th-iØn\v A\p-kr-X-am-bmWv a\p-jy-cnse \yqtdm¨ hyXym-khpw LS-\bpw F∂ {_n´ojv at\m-Po-h-im-kv{X-⁄-\mb tUm: Imkn d-lvams‚ cN-\-I-fpw(11) Cu cwKØv Gsd D]-tbm-K-s∏Sp-Ø-s∏-´p. F∂m¬ Cu ]T-\-ß-sf√mw ASn-ÿm-\-c-ln-Xhpw IrXy-ambn Imcy-߃ A]-{K-Yn-°m-ØX - p-am-sW∂v hne-bn-cp-Øs∏-Sp-I-bmWv ]n∂oSv sNbvX-Xv. kzh¿Km-\p-cm-K-Øn\v Poh-imkv{X-]-c-amb ASn-Ø-d-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-hm≥ th≠n-bp≈ ]cn-{ia-ß-sf√mw ]cm-P-b-s∏-´p-sh-∂-XmWv kXyw. Ah-km\w Atacn-°≥ sskIym-{SnIv Atkm-kn-tb-j\v t]mepw kzh¿Km-\pcmKØn\v Poh-imkv{X ASn-Ød Is≠-Øp-hm-\p≈ {ia-߃ CXx]-cy¥w ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-I-bmWv sNbvXn-´p-≈-sX∂v Xpd∂p kΩ-Xn-t°≠n h∂p. 2000 sabv amk-Øn¬ F ]n F ]pd-Ønd-°nb "tK, sekv_n-b≥ ss_sk-£z¬ Cjyqkv' F∂ ^mIvSv ao‰n¬ Cßs\ hmbn°mw ""kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-IX - °v Poh-im-kv{X]-c-amb Imc-W-߃ Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠nbp≈ ]cn-{i-a߃°v CubnsS-bmbn Xm¬]cyw h¿[n-®n-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ CXph-tcbpw kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-I-X-°p≈ Poh-im-kv{X-Im-c-W-߃ Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ imkv{Xob-]-T-\-ß-sfm∂pw Xs∂ ^ew I≠n-´n-√.''(12) kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-I-X°v P\n-X-Im-Sn-Ød Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn\p th≠n-bp≈ ]cn-{i-aß - ƒ 1990-If - psS XpS°w apX¬ Xs∂ Bcw`n-®n-cp-∂p. 1993 Pqsse 16\v ]pd-Øn-d-°nb "kb≥kv amK-kn≥' {]kn-≤o-I-cn® "FIvkv t{Imtam-tkm-ap-I-fnse Un.F≥.F tcJ12

Ifpw ]pcp-j-ssew-Kn-Im-`n-\n-th-ihpw XΩn-ep≈ Hcp _m‘hw' (A linkage between DNA markers on the X chromosome and male sexual Orientation) F∂ {]_‘am-bn-cp-∂p(13) CXn¬ H∂m-atØXv . AXns‚ ASn- ÿ m- \ - Ø n¬ kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-bmb tUm: Uo≥ F®v lmadpw \mev kl-{]-h¿Ø-Icpw tN¿∂mWv {]kvXpX {]_‘w Xøm-dm-°nbncn-°p-∂-Xv. C‰-en-bnse 114 kzh¿K{]-W-bn-I-fpsS IpSpw-_-ßsf ]T-\-hnt[-b-am-°n-s°m≠v kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-IX°v P\n-X-Im-Sn-Ø-d-bp-s≠∂v ÿm]n°p-∂-XmWv {]kvXpX {]_-‘w. AXn¬ \m¬]Xv IpSpw-_-ß-fn-tebpw kZriCc-´I - ƒ kzh¿K-{]-Wb - n-If - m-bn-cp∂p F∂ I≠-sØ-en¬ \n∂mWv At±lw AXn\v P\n-X-Im-Sn-Ød \n¿[-cn-s®-Sp°p-∂-Xv. kzh¿K-{]-W-bn-I-fpsS amXrZm-bI enwK t{Imtam-tkm-amb X t{Imtam-tkm-an\v X928 F∂ Hcp P\n-XI tcJob(genetic marker)aps≠∂pw AXn\m-emWv Ah¿ kzh¿K-{]-W-bn-I-fm-bnØo-cp-∂Xv F∂p-am-bn-cp∂p hmZw. CtXmsS tK Po\ns\ Is≠Ønsb∂ a´nep≈ {]Nm-c-W-߃ i‡-am-bn. P\nX-Im-Sn-Ø-d-bn¬ \n∂v \n¿[m-cWw sNø-s∏-Sp-∂-XmWv kzh¿K-{]-W-b-sa∂ a´n-emWv C∂pw ]e imkv{X{]kn-≤oI-cW - f - pw hnj-bsØ ssIImcyw sNøp∂-Xv. AXns‚ kzm[o\w U¬ln sslt°m-SXn hn[n°v \nan-Ø-amb \mkv ^ut≠-js‚ hmZßfnepw ImWm-\mhpw. F∂m¬ tUm: Uo≥ lmadpw kl{]- h ¿Ø- I cpw apt∂m- ´ p- s h® ]T\ dnt∏m¿´p- I ƒ hkv X p- X m- ] - c - a - s √∂v ÿm]n-®p-sIm≠v kb≥kv amK-kn\n¬ Xs∂ i‡-amb {]_‘w Bdp h¿j߃°p tijw {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-cp-∂p. 1993 G{]n¬ 23s‚ kb≥kv amK-kn\n¬ {]kn-≤o-Ic - n-°s - ∏´ "]pcpj kzh¿Kssew-Kn-IX: X928¬ kq£vtam-]-{Kl tcJo- b - ß ƒ XΩn- e p≈ _m‘- h Øns‚ Akm-∂n[yw' (Male Homosexuality: Absence of Linkage to Microsatellite Markers at X928) F∂ ]T-\(14) - am-bn-cp∂p AXv. shtè H‚m-dntbm k¿∆-I-emim-e-bnse tPm¿Pv ssdkpw aq∂v kl{]-h¿Ø-Icpw IqSn Xøm-dm-°nb {]kvXpX ]T- \ - Ø ns‚ dnt∏m¿´v At∂ Znhkw Xs∂-bp≈ _n.-_n.kn {]t£]Ww sNbvXn-cp-∂p.(15) imkv{Xo-b-ambn

A_-≤-am-sW∂v sXfn-bn-°-s∏´p Ign™-ti-jhpw Uo≥ lma-dns‚ ]T-\-ßfn¬ A≈n-∏n-Sn-®p-sIm≠v kzh¿K-{]Wbw P\n-X-I-am-sW∂ hmZ-hp-ambn \oßp-I-bmWv C∂pw kzh¿Km-\p-cmKnIfpw kl-I-c-W-kw-L-ß-fpw sNbvXpsIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv (16) F∂ hkvXpX F¥p-am{Xw kl-Xm-]m¿l-a√! kzh¿Km-\p-cmKw P\n-X-I-am-sW∂ hmZ-Øn-t‚bpw AXv P∑\m e`n-°p∂ kz`m-h-am-sW∂ ho£-W-Øn-t‚bpw kXym-k-Xy-߃ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-hm≥ s]cp-am‰ P\n-XI (behavioural genetics) Øns‚ Nne A-Sn-ÿm\ kt¶X߃ a\ n-em-t°-≠Xv A\n-hm-cy-amWv . a\p- j ys‚ s]cp- a m- ‰ - ß - f n- e p≈ Po\p--I-fpsS kzm[o-\sØ Ipdn® ]T-\amWv s]cp-am‰ P\n-X-Iw. t_m[-]q¿∆a-√m-sXtbm kzm`m-hn-Ia - mtbm t_mt[mZ-b-Ømtem D≠m-hp∂ \nco-£-W-tbmKy-amb {]hr-Øn-Itfm hnIm-c-ßtfm Xm¬]-cy-ßtfm BWv "s]cp-am‰w' (behaviour) sIm≠p≈ hnh£. Po\p-Iƒ Fß-s\-bmWv kml-N-cy-߃°-IØv {]h¿Øn-®p-sIm≠v s]cp-am-‰sØ kzm[o-\n-°p-∂-sX∂ ]T-\-amWv s]cp-am-‰P-\n-XI - Ø - n-\S- pØv \S-°p-∂X - v.(17) s]cp-

2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

13

am-‰sØ kzm[o-\n-°p∂ P\n-XI LSI-ß-tfbpw kml-N-cy-ß-tfbpw Htct]mse ]cn-KW - n-°p∂ imkv{X-im-Jb - mWn-Xv. Po\p-Itfm kml-N-cy-ßtfm GsX-¶n-sem∂v k¿∆-i-‡-am-sWt∂m AXp am{X-amWv s]cp-am-‰sØ kzm[o\n-°p-∂Xv Ft∂m D≈ [mc-W-b√ s]cp-am‰ P\n-XI imkv{X-⁄∑ - m¿°p≈-Xv. Hmtcmt∂m c≠pw IqSntbm s]cpam-‰sØ kzm[o-\n-°mhp-∂-Xm-Wv. (18) Po\p-Iƒ IqSmsX s]cp-am-‰sØ kmlN-cy-߃ IqSn kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p-sh∂v ]d- b p- t ºmƒ F¥mWv kml- N cyw sIm≠v hnh-£n-°p-∂s - X∂ tNmZyapbcm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. P\n-X-I-a-√mØ F√m kzm[o-\ß - t- fbpw kml-Ncyw (environment) F∂mWv hnfn- ° p- ∂ - X v . AXv _mIv S o- c nb, sshd- k v , acp- ∂ p- I ƒ, t]mj-I-߃ XpS-ßnb B¥-cn-I-ambn {]h¿Øn-°p∂ hkvXp-°-fmhmw; AXs√-¶n¬ c£m-I¿ØrXzw, -Ip-Spw-_-Pohn-Xw, ka-{]m-b° - m¿, am[y-aß - ƒ, {]IrXn-Zp-c-¥-߃, Imem-hÿm am‰-߃, tcmKw, bp≤w F∂o _mly-ambn kzm[o-\n-°p∂ Imcy-ß-fp-am-Imw.(19) samØØn¬ a\p-jy-s]-cp-am-‰-ßsf Fßs\ Po\p-Ifpw F√m-Xcw _mlyhpw B¥-

t]io-_-e-Øn-\-\p-kr-Xambn- Po≥ {]h¿Øn-°p∂-bm-ƒ Ifn-°m-c-\m-I-Wtam ImgvN-°m-c-\m-IW tam-sb∂v Xocp-am-\n-°p∂Xv kml-N-cy-ß-fmWv-. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ GsX¶nepsamcp kz`m-h-Øn\v Po\p-Isf ]gn-Nm-cp-∂Xn\v bmsXmcp hn[ \ymbo -I-c-W-hp-an-√

cn-I-hp-amb kml-N-cy-ßfpw IqSn kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p-sh∂v ]Tn-°p-Ib - mWv s]cpam‰P\n-XI imkv{X-⁄-∑m¿ sNøp-∂sX∂v ]d-bmw. s]cp-am-‰-P-\n-X-IsØ Ipdn®v ]Tn°p-tºmƒ F¥mWv Po≥ F∂v a\- nem-t°-≠X - p-≠v. tImi\yq-¢n-b  - n-ep≈ ]mc-º-cy-hm-ln-bmb Un.-F≥.FbpsS Hcp IjvW-amWv Po≥ F∂p-]-d-bmw. \qdp-I-W-°nt\m Nne-t∏mƒ Bbn-c-°W-°nt\m˛\yq-¢n-tbm-ssS-Up-Iƒ Xmfmfl- I - a mbn Hcp- a n®p {]h¿Øn- ° p- ∂ Xmbn {]Xy-£s - ∏-Sp∂ Un.-F≥.F `mKam-W-Xv. t{]m´o-\p-Iƒ \n¿an-°p-Itbm a‰p- P o- \ p- I sf {]h¿Ø- \ - £ - a - a m- ° pItbm \n¿ho-cy-am-°p-Itbm sNøp-Is - b∂ c≠p -X-c-Øn-ep≈ [¿a-ß-fmWv Po\p-Iƒ \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂-Xv. a\p-jys\ kw_-‘n-®-nS-tØmfw Po\p-I-fm¬ am{Xw \n›-bn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Nne ASnÿm\kz`m-hß - f - p-≠v. IÆns‚ \ndw DZmlc-Ww. F∂m¬ s]cp-am-‰ß - f - n¬ an°Xpw Po\p-I-fm¬ ÿm]n-°-s∏-´Xpw kmlN-cy-ß-fm¬ Xocp-am-\n-°-s∏-Sp∂-Xp-amWv. \√ t]io-_-ehpw Db¿∂ izmktIm-i-£-a-Xbpw Hcmƒ \√ Imbn-I-Xmc-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xn\v ImcWw Abm-fpsS Po\p-I-fm-sW∂v thW-sa-¶n¬ ]d-bmhp-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ Abmƒ Hcp Hm´°m-ct\m, \o¥¬°m-ct\m Ifn-°mct\m Bhp-∂X - n¬ {][m-\a - mbpw kml-

N-cy-ß-fpsS kzm[o-\-am-Wp-≈-Xv. AbmfpsS amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Zcn-{Zcpw Ip´n-Isf kvIqfn-e-b-°m≥ Ign-hn-√m-Ø-h-cp-amsW-¶n¬ Abmƒ°v Bh-iy-amb ]cnio-e\w In´msX t]mhp-Ibpw AXp-hgn Hcp Intem-ao-‰¿t]mepw HmSm≥ IgnbmØh\mbn Abmƒ amdp-Ibpw sNbvtX°m\pw km[y-Xb - p-≠v. {]Ir-Xnbpw ]cnÿn-Xnbpw IqSn-t®¿∂v (Nature vs Nature) hy‡n-bpsS kz`m-h-ßfpw s]cpam- ‰ - ß fpw \n¿W- b n- ° p- ∂ - s X- ∂ mWv s]cp-am-‰-P-\n-XIw s]mXp-hmbn ]Tn-∏n°p-∂-Xv. Hcm-fpsS \nco-£n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp∂ kz`m-h-ßtfm (charecteristic) khn-tij-Xtbm (traits) BWv ^ot\m ssS∏v (phenotype) F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Po\pIƒ kml-N-cy-hp-ambn {]Xn-{]-h¿Øn°p-∂s - X-ßs - \-sb-∂X - ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\Øn-emWv Hcm-fnse ^ot\m-ssS∏v cq]s∏-Sp∂-Xv. Hcp Bƒ°q-´Ø - nse ^ot\mssS-∏ns‚ hyXn-bm-\-ßsf (phenotypic variations) F{X-tØmfw Pot\m-ssS-∏nI-hy-Xn-bm-\-ß-fn(genotypic variations)te°v Btcm-]n-°m-\m-hp-sa-∂-Xns‚ A\p-]m-X-amWv ]c-º-cm-K-XXzw (heritability). Bƒ°q-´-Øn-ep≈ hy‡n-IfpsS samØ-Øn-ep≈ P\n-X-I-hy-Xn-cn‡-XI - ƒ F{X-tØm-fw ^ot\m-ssS-∏nI hyXym-ka - p-≠m-°p-Is - b∂v hy‡-am-°pI-bmWv ]c-º-cm-K-XXzw sNøp-∂-Xv.

2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

14

0 apX¬ 1 hsc-bp≈ kwJy-I-fn-emWv ]c-º-cm-K-XXzw IW-°m-°p-∂-Xv. hy‡n-I-fpsS ^ot\m-ssS-∏n-I-hy-Xn-cn-‡X-If - n¬ Po\p-Iƒ°v bmsXmcp kw`mh\-bp-an-s√-¶n¬ ]c-º-cm-K-XXzw ]qPy-amhpw. Po\p-I-fpsS am{Xw ASn-ÿm-\Øn¬ \n›-bn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ^ot\m-ssS-∏n-Ihy-Xn-cn-‡X - b - psS ]c-ºc - m-KX - Xzw H∂mbn-cn-°pw. km[m-c-W-bmbn ImW-s∏Sp∂ kz`mh khn-ti-jX - I - f - p-sS-sb√mw ]c-º-cm-K-XXzw ]qPy-Øn\pw H∂n-\p-anS-bn-em-bn-cn-°pw. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v Atacn-°b - nse _u≤n-I\ - n-eh - m-cØ - ns‚ (IQ) ]c-º-cm-K-XXzw 0.4-\pw 0.8-\panSbn-emsW-∂mWv Nne ]T-\-ß-ƒ hy‡am-°p∂-Xv. (20) 0.4 ]c-º-cm-K-X-Xz-ap≈ Hcp {]tXyI Ata-cn-°≥ kaq-l-Ønse AwK-ß-fpsS 40 iX-am\w _u≤n-I-\ne-hm-c-Øn\v ImcWw Po\p-I-fpw 60 iXam-\-Øn\v ImcWw kml-N-cy-ß-fp-amWv F∂m-Wv CXn-\¿Yw. B kaq-lØnse Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-tSbpw _u≤nI-\n-ehm-cØ - n\v ImcWw 40 iX-am\w Po\pIfpw 60 iX-am\w kml-N-cy-ß-fp-am-sW∂√ CXv A¿Y-am-°p-∂s - X∂ hkvXpX {]tXyIw kqNn-∏n-t°-≠X - p-≠.v B kaql-Øns‚ samØ-Øn-ep≈ P\n-X-I-]qfn¬ _u≤n-I\ - n-eh - m-cØ - n\v Dt]m¬_e-I-amb \m¬]Xp iX-am\w km[y-Xbp-s≠∂v am{X-amWv ]c-ºc - m-KX - X - z kwJy kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

Cc-´-I-fpsS kz`m-h-ßsf Ipdn® Xmc-X-ay]T\hpw (twin studies) ZØp]p-{X-∑msc Ipdn® ]T-\-ß-fp-amWv (adoption studies) Hcp {]tXyI kaq-lØn¬ GsX-¶nepw Hcp s]cp-am‰Øn\v ]cº-cm-KX - Xzw F{X-tØm-fa - p-s≠∂v Xocpam-\n-°p-hm≥ {][m-\-ambpw D]-tbm-Kn°- s ∏- S p- ∂ - X v . ]nXm- h ns‚ _oPhpw amXm-hns‚ AWvUhpw kwtbm-Pn-®p≠m-hp∂ kn‡mWvUw BZyw Xs∂ c≠mbn hn`-Pn-°p-Ibpw Hmtcm∂pw kzX-{¥-ambn hf¿∂v Cc-´-I-fm-bn-Øo-cpIbpw sNøp∂ kZri Cc-´-I-fnse (Identical twins or monozygotic twins) Po\pI-sf√mw kam-\-am-bn-cn°pw. F∂m¬ amXm-hns‚ Hscm‰ AWvtUm¬tkm¿P\-Øn¬ Xs∂ c≠v AWvU-߃ D¬]m-Zn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ]nXm-hns‚ c≠p_o-P-ß-fp-ambn Ah Hmtcm∂pw kzX{¥-ambn kwtbm-Pn-®p-≠m-hp-Ibpw sNøp∂ kn‡m-WvU-߃ hf¿∂p-≠mhp∂ Ak-Zri Cc-´-I-fnse (fraternal twins or dizygotic twins) Po\p-I-fn¬ ]Ip-Xn-am-{Xta Xs‚ ktlm-Z-cs‚ Po\pI-fp-ambn kmZr-iy-ap-≠m-hp-Ib - p-≈q. Cc´-I-f-√mØ ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿°n-S-bnepw 50 iX-am\w P\n-XI kmZr-iyap-≠m-hpw. kZri Cc-´-I-fp-tSbpw AX-√mØ ktlm-Z-c-ß-fp-tSbpw kz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-XIsf Xmc-Xayw sNbvXmWv ]c-º-cm-KXXzw IW-°m-°p-∂-Xv.(21) Hcp {]tXyI kaq-lØ - n¬ ImW-s∏Sp∂ Hcp {]tXyI khn-ti-jX F{XtØmfw P\n-XI - m-Sn-Ød - b - p-≈X - m-sW∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°p-hm≥ kc-fa - mb Nne KWnX {Inb-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®m¬ aXn-bmhpw. s]cp-am‰ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ (behavioural traits-A) \n¿W-bn-°p-∂Xv kwtbm-Pn-XP-\n-XI - hpw (additive genetics-E) s]mXpkml-Nc - yhpw (common environment-C) khn-ti-j-km-l-N-cyhpw (unique environment) IqSn-bm-sW∂ s]cp-am‰P\nX-I-Øns‚ ACE tamU-ens‚ shfn-®Øn-emWv Cu KWnX {Inb-Iƒ \n¿[mcWw sNø-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂X - v. Chn-sS-bmWv Cc-´I - sf Ipdn® ]T\w IS-∂p-hc - p-∂Xv. kZr-i -C-c-´-I-fpsS Po\p-Iƒ kam-\-ambn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se-Øs∂ Ah¿ hf¿∂p-h∂ s]mXp kml-N-cyhpw kam\am-bn-cn-°p-a-t√m. Ah-cpsS s]cp-am‰ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ XΩn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw hyXym-k-ap-s≠-¶n¬ AXn∂p ImcWw

Hcp Pohn-bpsS hf¿®sb ]q¿W-ambpw \n›-bn-°p-∂Xv Po\p-I-fm-sW∂ hnizm-k-Øn-\mWv P\n-XI \n¿W-bhmZw F∂p]d-bp-∂-Xv. P\n-XI \n¿W-b-hmZw sX‰mb Hcp[mc-W-bm-Wv. imkv{Xob Kth-j-W-ßsf icn-bmbn a\ n-em-°m-Ø-Xn¬ \n∂mWv Cu [mc-W-bp-≠m-hp-∂-Xv

Fs¥-¶nepw Xc-Øn-ep≈ khn-tij kml-Nc - y-am-bn-cn-°pw. Hcp {]tXy-Ik - aql-Ønse kZri Cc-´-I-fpsS s]cp-am‰ khn- t i- j - X - I ƒ \nco- £ n- ® m¬ B khn-ti-j-X°v \nZm-\-amb kwtbmPnXP\n-X-I-Øns‚bpw s]mXpkml-N-cyØn-t‚bpw BsI-ØpI e`n°pw. Hcp {]tXyI s]cp-am‰khn-ti-j-X-bpsS \nc°v r BsW-¶n¬ kZr-i-C-c-´-I-fpsS (m2)r e`n-°W - s - a-¶n¬ kwtbm-PnXP\nX-I-Øn-s‚bpw (A) s]mXp-km-l-N-cyØn-s‚bpw (C) k¶-e\w aXn-bm-hpw. - √ - mrm2=A+C F∂¿Yw. F∂m¬ kZr-ic Ø Cc-´-I-fpsS (d2) kwtbm-PnXP\nXIw 50 iX-am\w am{X-amWv; s]mXp-kmlN-cy-am-Is´ 100 iX-am-\-hpw. AXn-\m¬ rd2=1/2 A+Cbm-bn-cn-°p-a-t√m. CXn¬ \n∂v A,C,E XpS-ßn-b-hsb \n¿[m-cWw sNbvsX-Sp-°I Ffp-∏-am-Wv. rm2=A+C rd2=1/2 A+C A= 2(rm2-rd2) C= rm2-A= 2rd2-rm2 E= 1-rm2(22) s]cp-am-‰P - \ - n-XI - Ø - nse Nne Is≠Ø-ep-I-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ kzh¿Kkvt\lw P\n-X-I-am-sW∂pw AXp-sIm≠p-Xs∂ Aßns\ P\n-®hsc AXpam-‰m≥ t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv ]mX-I-amsW∂pw ]d-bp-∂X - ns‚ Akmw-KXyw a\ nem-°W - s - a-¶n¬ C°m-cysØ∏‰n \S∂ Kth-j-W-߃ ]cn-tim-[n-°Ww. Cu cwKØv \S∂ BZy-Ime Kth-j-W-ßfn-sem∂v sP.-Fw.s_bvenbpw B¿.-kn.]n-√m¿Upw IqSn 1991¬ B¿°ohvkv Hm^v P\-d¬ sskIym-{Sn-bn¬ Fgp-Xnb "]pcpj ssewKn-Im-`n-\n-th-i-sØ-°p-dn® Hcp P\n-X-I-]-T\w' (A Genetic study of Male sexual Orientation) F∂ {]_-

2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

15

‘-am-bn-cp-∂p.(23) kzh¿K-{]-W-bn-IfpsSbpw {]W-bn-\n-I-fpsSbpw {]kn-≤o-Ic-W-ß-fn¬ ]ckyw sNbvX-Xns‚ ASnÿm-\Ø - n-se-Ønb Cc´ kmw]n-fp-Isf D]-tbm-Kn®p sIm≠p≈ ]T-\a - mWv CXv F∂-Xp-sIm≠p Xs∂ CXns‚ A[nIm-cn-I-X-bn¬ kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-Isf ]n≥Xp-W-°p∂ Kth-j-I≥am¿ Xs∂ kwibw {]I-Sn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. "CØcw Hcp {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Ønse ]c-ky-tØmSv {]Xn-Ic - n-°p-hm≥ kz¥w ktlm-Zc - ß - ƒ kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-I-f-√mØ kzh¿Km-\pcm-Kn-I-fn¬ ]ecpw k∂≤am-hp-I-bn√ F∂ hkvXpX kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-I kzmX{¥y-Øn\p th≠n hmZn-°p∂ an°mbo¬ s_bven t]mepw kΩ-Xn-°p-∂Xmbn kn. ]mt‰-gvk¨ Fgp-Xp-∂p-≠v.(24) CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ ]T-\-Øns‚ shfn-®-ØnemWv kZri Cc-´I - f - n-sem-cmƒ kzh¿Km\p-cm-Kn-bm-sW-¶n¬ at‰-bmƒ Aß-s\bm-hm-\p≈ km[yX 40-˛50 iX-am\w BsW-∂pw kZr-i-a-√mØ Cc-´-Iƒ°v CXv 25 iX-am-\hpw ZØp-kt- lm-Zc - \ - n¬ CXv 3˛5 iX-am\w BsW-∂p-ap≈ Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ \S-Øn-b-Xv. A= 2(rm2-rd2) F∂ ka-hm-Iy-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ ap∏Xp apX¬ AºXv iX-am\w BfpIƒ P\n-X-I-Im-c-W-ß-fn-emWv kzh¿KcXn-°m-cm-hp-∂Xv F∂m-bn-cp∂p CXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hmZn-°-s∏-´-Xv. Cu ]T-\-Øn\v \nc-h[n _e-lo-\X-I-fp≠v. H∂m-a-Xmbn FSpØ kmw]nfp-Iƒ tiJ-cn-®-Xv kzh¿Km-\p-cm-KnItfm AXv icn-bm-sW∂v AwKo-I-cn-°p∂-htcm Bb-h-cn¬ \n∂m-Wv. c≠m-aXmbn kmw]n-fp-I-fpsS FÆw Xptemw ]cn-an-Xa - m-Wv. P\n®v Gsd \mfp-Iƒ Ignbp-∂X - n-\p-apºv th¿s∏-Sp-Øs - ∏-Sp-Ibpw hyXykvX kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ hf-cpIbpw sNbvX ktlm-Z-c-ß-fpsS XmcX-

a\p-jy¿ P\n-°p-tºmƒ Ah-cpsS akvXn-jvI-Øn\v icmicn 330 {Kmw Xq°w ImWpw. GI-tZiw ]Xn-\m-bncw tImSn \mUo-tIm-i-ß-fmWv Cu ka-bØv Xe-t®m-dn-ep-≠m-hp-I. temI-P-\-kw-Jy-bpsS GI-tZiw Ccp-]Xv Cc-´n.

fpsS ]T-\-߃ F∂v AXns‚ h‡m-°ƒ Xs∂ ]n¬°meØv Xpd∂p ]d-™n-´p-≠v.(25) kzh¿Km-\p-cmKw P\n-XI - a - mbn Xocp-am-\n-°s - ∏-Sp-∂X - m-sW∂v BW-bn-Sp∂ tK˛-se-kv_n-b≥ {Kq∏p-Itfm Ahsc Xmßp∂ am[y-aß - tfm ]t£ Cu G‰p]-d-®n-ep-I-sfm∂pw I≠-Xmbn \Sn-°p-t∂-bn-√. Cu ]cn-an-Xn-Isf Ih-®p-sh-°p-∂Xv F∂hIm-i-s∏-Sp∂XmWv 1999¬ Bkvt{X-en-b-bn¬ \S∂ ]T-\w. sP.Fw s_bvenbpw Fw.]n UyqWpw F≥.Pn am¿´n\pw tN¿∂mWv {]kvXpX ]T\w \S-Øn-b-Xv.(26) Iyq≥kvem‚ v k¿∆-I-emime-bpsS Iogn¬ \S∂ {]kvXpX ]T-\Ø - n¬ ]Xn-\m-bn-cØ - n-e[ - nIw Cc-´-I-fpsS PohnXw kq£v-a-ambn A]-{K-Yn-°-s∏-´p. Hcmƒ kzh¿K{]-Wb - n-bm-sW-¶n¬ Abm-fpsS kZri Cc´ kzh¿K{]-W-bn-bm-hm-\p≈ km[yX 38 iX-am\w am{X-am-sW-∂mWv {]kvXpX ]T\w hy‡-am-°n-bX - v. kzh¿K-{]-Wb - n-\n-Iƒ°mhs´ CXv 30 iX-am-\-am-Wv. Cu km[y-X-Iƒ kzh¿K-c-Xn°v P\n-XI - m-Sn-Ød - b - p-s≠∂ hmZ-sØ ]n¥m-ßp-∂n-√. kzh¿Km\p-cmKw P\n-X-I-ambn \n›-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Htc Xcw Po\p-Isf hln-°p∂ kZri Cc-´-I-fn¬ Hcmƒ kzh¿Km\p-cm-Kn-bm-sW-¶n¬ at‰-bmfpw \n¿_-‘-ambpw AtX Ahÿ-bn-ep-≈b - mƒ BtI-≠X - m-Wv. Htc kml-Nc - y-Øn¬ Pohn°p-Ibpw Htc Xc-Øn¬ ]cn-K-Wn-°s∏Sp-Ibpw Htc kmaqly-kΩ - ¿Z-߃°v hnt[-ba - m-°s - ∏-Sp∂ c≠p t]cpw Htc cq]Øn-ep≈ ssewKn-Im-`n-\n-thiw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-hm≥ km[y-Xbp-≠m-Ip-sa∂p am{Xta Cu 38 iX-am\w A¿Y-am-°p-∂p≈q. kml-Nc - y-ßf - mWv Po\p-If - √ Hcmsf kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-bm°n am‰p-∂-Xv F∂ bmYm¿Yy-amWv Cc-´-Isf D]-tbm-Kn-®p≈ ]T\w hy‡-am-°p-∂Xv F∂¿Yw. Hcmsf kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-bm-°p-∂-Xn¬ Po\p-Iƒ°v ]¶ps≠∂p Xs∂ hmZ-Øn\p th≠n kΩ-Xn-®m¬ t]mepw AXn\v kmaq-lnI AwKo-Imcw \¬Im≥ AXv \ymbo-I-c-W-amhp∂n√ F∂-XmWv bmYm¿Yyw. Hcp kz`m-h-Øn-ep≈ Po\pIƒ°v ]¶v F∂p ]d-™m¬ F¥mWv A¿Y-sa∂v a\- n-em°p-tºmtg Po\p-IfmWv a\p-jysc kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-bm-°nØo¿°p-∂Xv F∂ \ymbo-I-cWw F{X-tØmfw A¿Y-ap≈Xm-sW∂v a\- n-em-hq. Po\p-Iƒ Hcp kz`m-h-sØ-bpw t\¿°p-t\sc \n¿W-bn-°p-∂n-√. t{]m´o-\p-Iƒ \n¿Ωn-°pI, a‰pPo-\p-I-fpsS {]h¿Ø-\sØ A\p-Iq-etam {]Xn-Iq-etam Bbn kzm[o-\n-°p-Itbm sNøpI F∂o c≠p [¿a-ß-fmWv Po\p-Iƒ°p-≈-Xv. Cu t{]m´o-\p-Isf Hcmƒ Fßns\ D]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p-sh-∂-Xns\ B{i-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p Abm-fpsS

ayw ]c-º-cm-K-X-Xz-sØ-°p-dn® ]T-\-Øn¬ hfsc {][m-\s∏-´-Xm-Wv. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ ]Øn¬ Xmsg Bfp-Iƒ am{Xta kzh¿K-c-Xn°v P\n-X-Im-Sn-Ød Is≠-Øm-\p≈ ]T-\Øn\v A]-{K-Yn-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈q.-C-ßs\ th¿s]-Sp-Ø-s∏´ ktlm-Z-c-߃ F¥p-sIm≠v th¿s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´p-sht∂m AXn\p tijw BcmWv Chsc hf¿Øn-b-sXt∂m D≈ hnh-c-ß-sfm∂pw Kth-j-I-∑m¿ \¬Ip-∂n-√. th¿s∏-Sp-Øs∏-s´-¶nepw Htc kml-NcyØn¬ Pohn-°m≥ Ign-™-h-cp≠m-Imw; _‘p-°ƒ hf¿Øn-bh - c - p-am-Imw-; apØ-—≥am-cptSsbm apØ»namcp-tSsbm IqsS Ign-™h - c - p-≠m-hmw. ]et∏mgpw Ch¿ kam\ kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ hf-cp-∂-h-cm-bn-cn-°pw. AsXm∂pw Xs∂ Kth-j-I-cpsS At\z-j-W-Øn\v hn-t[bam-bn-´n-√. Htc ho´n¬ Pohn-°p∂ kZri Cc-´I - f - p-tSbpw AX√msX Cc-´-I-fp-tSbpw kml-N-cy-߃ ]q¿W-ambpw kam\am-bn-cn°psa∂ A\p-am-\Ø - ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\Ø - n-ep-≈X - mWv Kth-j-Ww. Cu A\p-am-\-Ønepw ]niIp-≠v. Htc ho´n¬ Pohn-°p-∂-h-cm-sW-¶nepw kZri Cc-´-I-fpsSb{Xbpw kam\-km-lN - c - y-ap-≈h - c - m-bn-cn-°n-√ AX-√mØ Cc-´I - ƒ. kZri Cc-´-Iƒ ho´nepw kvIqfnepw kaq-l-Ønepw ]cn-K-Wn-°s∏-SpI ]q¿W-ambpw Htc cq]-Øn-em-Wv. Htc hkv{Xw; Htc `£Ww; Htc ÿesØ A¥n-bp-d°w; Htc t]mep≈ ]cnN-cWw; Htc hml-\Ø - n-ep≈ bm{X˛-F√mw Htc cq]-Ønep≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°pw. AX-√msX ktlm-Z-c-ß-fpsS kam-\-kml-Ncyhpw kZri Cc-´-I-fpsS kam-\-km-l-N-cyhpw XΩn¬ hyXym-ka - p-s≠∂ hkvXp-Xbpw ]cn-KW - n-°s - ∏-´n-´n-√. IpSpw_-Øns‚ kwkvIm-ctam kml-N-cytam amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS [m¿anI ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Itfm IpSpw-_-Ønse _‘p-°-fntem D≈ am\-knI{Ia-t°-Sp-Itfm H∂pw Xs∂ Cu ]T-\Ø - n¬ ]cn-KW - n-°s - ∏-´n-´n-s√-∂mWv AXns‚ as‰mcp ]cn-an-Xn. Cßs\ \nc-h[n ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw {]iv\ß - f - p-ap-≈X - m-bn-cp∂p Xß2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

16

kz`m-h-cq-]o-I-c-Ww. t]io-_-e-Øn-\-\pkr-X-amb Po≥ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-bm-ƒ Ifn-°m-c-\m-I-Wtam ImgvN-°m-c-\m-IW-tam-sb∂v Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂Xv kmlN-cy-ß-fm-sW∂v \tS hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p≠v. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ GsX-¶nepsamcp kz`m-h-Øn\v Po\p-Isf ]gn-Nm-cp∂Xn\v bmsXmcp hn[ \ymbo-Ic - W - h - p-an√. {]ikvX a\x--im-k{v X-⁄\ - mb C.- Ão≥ Fgp-Xp∂p ""GsX-¶nepw Hcp s]cp-am‰tam am\-knI {]Xn-`m-ktam Fßn-s\bm-I-W-sa∂v Po\p-Iƒ t\¿°p-t\sc Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂n√. adn®v Hcp {]tXy-Iamb B¿.-F≥.F kwt«-jW amXr-Isb AXv \n¿Ωn-°p-Ibpw AXp-aqew am\knI hyh-ÿ-tbbpw s]cp-am-‰-{]-I-S-\-ßsfbpw kzm[o-\n-°p-Ib - p-amWv Po\p-Iƒ sNøp-∂X - v. Hcp Po\pw Hcp am\-kn-Imhÿbpw XΩntem AX-s√-¶n¬ s]cp-am‰hpw XΩntem CS-s]-Sp∂ \nc-h[n hgnØm-c-I-fp-≠v. ]ns∂bpw s]cp-am-‰-ß-fpapƒs°m-≈p∂ amXr-Ibpw Po\pw XΩnep≈ CS-s]-S-ep-I-fn¬ am‰-ß-fp-≠m°m≥ Ign-bp∂ \nc-h[n Imcy-ßf - p-≠v... Po\p-Ifpw ssewKn-Im-`n-\n-th-ihpw XΩn¬ t\¿°p-t\sc _‘-s∏-Sp-Øm-\mIp∂ bmsXmcp sXfn-hp-Ifpw CXp-hsc Bcpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-´n√''(27) {]kn≤ s]cp-am‰ a\xim-kv{X-⁄\mb kn. t_°¿ Fgp-Xp-∂X - v ImWpI: "Dbcw, Xq°w, c‡-k-Ω¿±w, Zl-\tijn XpS-ßnb Hcp hn[w `uXnI khnti-j-X-Ifpw Ah-ÿ-I-fp-sa√mw Po\pI-fn¬ \n∂v D¬`-hn-°p-Ibpw kml-Ncy-ß-fpsS ]›m-Ø-e-߃°-\p-k-cn®v {]hr-Øn-]-Y-Øn¬ hyXn-cn-‡X ]pe¿Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-bm-Wv. CX-s∂bmWv F√m k¶o¿Wamb am\-kn-I-˛-kmaq-ln-I-s]-cp-am-‰-ß-fp-tSbpw Ah-ÿ. hyXykvX Po\p-Iƒ hyXykvX kmlNcy-ß-fpsS kzm[o-\-hp-ambn Iq´nap-´ptºm-gmWv Htcm s]cp-am-‰ß - fpw ]pd-Øph-cp-∂X - v... \n¿`m-Ky-hi - m¬ ]ecpw CXn¬ \n∂v hyXy-kvX-amb [mc-W-bp-ambn Ign-bp-∂-h-cm-Wv. Htcm kz`m-h-k-hn-tij-X-I-tfbpw Htcm Po\p-Iƒ \nb-{¥n°p-∂p-sh-∂mWv Ah-cpsS [mc-W. Hcp Pohn-bpsS hf¿®sb ]q¿W-ambpw \n›bn-°p-∂Xv Po\p-I-fm-sW∂ Cu hnizmk-Øn-\mWv P\n-XI \n¿W-b-hmZw (genetic determinism) F∂p]d-bp-∂-Xv. P\n-XI \n¿W-b-hmZw sX‰mb Hcp-

^mIvSd - n-bn¬ \n∂v \n¿Ωn-°s - ∏-´Xpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂b - mƒ Iq´n-t®¿°p-∂-Xp-amb Imcy-߃ Hcpan®p tNcp-tºm-gmWv Hcp Iw]yq-´¿ tkm^v‰vshb¿ D≠m-hp-∂-Xv F∂-Xp-t]mse ssewKnI tkm^v‰vshbdpw Po\p-I-fp-sSbpw kml-N-cy-ßfp-tSbpw an{in-X-Øn¬ \n∂mWv cq]-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.-

[mc-W-bm-Wv. imkv{Xob Kth-j-W-ßsf icn-bmbn a\- n-em-°m-Ø-Xn¬ \n∂mWv Cu [mc-Wb - p-≠m-hp-∂X - .v .. FsX¶n-epsamcp Po\n-t\bpw k¶o¿W-amb GsX-¶n-ep-samcp a\pjy kz`m-htØbpw XΩn¬ t\¿°p-t\sc _‘n-∏n°m≥ Ign-bp∂ bmsXmcp hn[ imkv{Xob Kth-jW^ehpw CtX-hsc D≠m-bn-´ns√-∂XmWv hmkvX-hw. \nc-h[n Po\pIƒ \nc-h[n kml-N-cy-ß-fpsS kzm[o\-Øn\p \Sp-hn¬ {]h¿Ø\\nc-Xa - m-hptºm-gmWv GsX-¶n-ep-samcp s]cp-am-‰-ap≠m-hp-∂-Xv.''(28) ]cn-Wm-flI \c-hw-i-im-kv{X-Øn¬ Kth-jWw \S-Øp∂ kmdm _zm^¿ ln¿Unbpw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv CXp-Xs - ∂bmWv. ""a\p-jy-`m-h-\-bn-e-[n-jvTn-Xamb ]eXpw temIsØ ZznXo-b-h¬°-cn®v ImWp-hm≥ \sΩ t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂p-s≠¶nepw {]Ir-Xnbpw kml-N-cy-ßfpw XΩn¬ then-sI´n th¿-Xncn-°m-\m-hn-s√-∂Xv Hcp bmYm¿Yy-am-Wv... Xmtem-en®p hf¿Øp-∂-Xp-t]msebp≈ k¶o¿W-amb s]-cp-am-‰-ßtfm AXohk¶o¿W-amb kvt\l-sØ-t]m-se-bp≈ sshIm-cn-Imh-ÿtbm H∂pw Xs∂ P\n-X-I-ambn Xocp-am-\n-°-s∏-Sp-∂tXm kml-N-cy-ßfn¬ \n∂v am{X-ambn Dcp-Øn-cn-bp-∂tXm A√.''(29) GsX-¶nepw Hcp a\p-jy-s]-cp-am‰w P\n- X - I m- S n- Ø - d - b p- ≈ - X m- s W∂v ]d™m¬ AXv Abmƒ°p-th≠n {]IrXn Xs∂ \n›-bn-s®m-cp-°n-b-Xm-sW-∂√ A¿Y-sa∂ hkvXp-X-bmWv CsX√mw hy‡-am-°p-∂X - v. sImss°≥ el-cn°v ASn-a-bmb Hcp {_n´ojv kv{Xo kaq-lØn¬ \S-Ønb ]T-\-{]-Imcw AXn\v ASn-a-bm-Im-\p≈ P\n-XI-km-[yX 79 iX--am-\-am-Wv.(30) kml-N-cy-ßfpw Ahk-cß - f - p-ap-≠m-hp-Ibm-sW-¶n¬ {]kvXp-

2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

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X kaq-l-Ønse 79 iX-am\w t]cpw sImss°≥ el-cn°v ASn-a-s∏-Sm≥ km[y-X-bp-s≠-∂mWv CXn-\¿Yw; AX√msX Ahn-sS-bp≈ 79 iX-am\w t]cptSbpw Xe-hn[n sImss°≥ ASn-a-bmbn-Øo-cm-\mWv F∂-√. kzh¿Km-\p-cmKn-I-fn¬ \S∂ ]T-\-Øn¬ \n∂p a\ n-em-hp-∂Xpw as‰m-∂√. kzh¿Km-\pcmKw A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-Sp∂ kaq-l-Øn¬ kml-N-cyhpw kµ¿`hpw HØp-h-cn-Ibm-sW-¶n¬ Hcmƒ kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-Xb - nse-Øn-s∏-Sm-\p≈ km[yX am{X-amWv {]kvXpX ]T-\-߃ hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xv. "tK Po\n's\ Is≠-Øn-sb∂v sIm´ntLm-jn-°-s∏´ tUmIvS¿ Un≥ lma¿ t]mepw C°mcyw kΩ-Xn-®n-´p-≈X - m-Wv. "Po\p-Iƒ lm¿Up-sh-b-dm-Wv... kzXzØn\p th≠n-bp≈ k¿Iyq-´p-I-fn-eqsS ssewKnI tkm^v‰p-shb¿ s{]mk v sNø-s∏-Sp-∂Xp hgn-bmWv Pohn-Xm-\p`-h-ß-fpsS Um‰-bp-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. ^mIvSdn-bn¬ \n∂v \n¿Ωn-°-s∏-´Xpw D]-tbmKn-°p-∂-bmƒ Iq´n-t®¿°p-∂-Xp-amb Imcy-߃ Hcpan®p tNcp-tºm-gmWv Hcp Iw]yq-´¿ tkm^v‰vshb¿ D≠m-hp-∂-Xv F∂-Xp-t]mse ssewKnI tkm^v‰vshbdpw Po\p-If - p-sSbpw kml-Nc - y-ßf - ptSbpw an{in-XØ - n¬ \n∂mWv cq]-s∏-Sp-∂Xv F∂mWv Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂X-Xv(31) a\p-jy-cpsS ssewKn-Im-`n-\n-thiw Po\p-If - m¬ \n¿W-bn-°s - ∏-Sp-∂X - m-sW∂ hmZ-Øn¬ Ig-ºn-s√∂ hkvXpX lyqa¨ Pot\mw s{]mPIvSv Xe-h≥ tUm: {^m≥knkv Fkv tImfn≥kpw hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠.v "a\p-jy-cpsS ]e kz`mh-k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ°pw ]n∂n¬ ]c-ºcm-KX - X - z-Øns‚ Hgn-hm-°m-\m-hmØ Hcp Awi-ap-≠v... sshb-‡nI khn-ti-j-XI-fn-ep≈ ]c-ºc - m-KX - X - zsØIpdn®p ]T\-ß-fn¬ \n∂v s]mXp-hmb _u≤nI-

\ne-hm-c-Øn\v 50Dpw _lncp-∂-Xn\v A\p-k-cn®v Xe¿apJ-Xz-Øn\v 54Dw A\p-cqt®mdpw hf-cp-∂p-≠v. bphm]y-Øn\v 42Dw Xpd-∂-k-aohm- I p- t ºm- t g°v icm- i cn ]-\-Øn\v 57Dw {]tIm-]-\1450 {Kmw Xq°- a p- ≠ m- h pw Øn-\v 38Dw ]mc-ºc - ym-`n-ap-Ja\pjyakv X n- j v I - Ø n- \ v . Xz-Øn\v 54Dw iX-am\w ]cF∂m¬ \yqtdm-Wp-I-fpsS º-cm-K-X-Xz-ap-s≠∂v a\- nFÆ-Øn¬ Imcy-amb am‰em- ° n- b n- ´ p- ≠ v . .. kzh¿Kß-sfm-∂p-ap-≠m-hp-∂n-√. akvssew-Kn-I-X-bpsS P\n-X-ImXn-jvI-`m-c-Øn¬ BZy-am-kSnØd s]mXpP\-߃°v ß-fn¬ hºn® hf¿®-bm-WptImi-߃°-IsØ t{Ima-tkm-ap-Iƒ° \√ Xm¬]-cy-ap-s≈mcp hn≠m-hp-I. Hcp hb v Ign-bpj-b-am-Wv. BWp-ß-fpsS tºm-tg°v `mcw 970 {Kmam-bn-IØv kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-I-X-bpsS Po\p-Iƒ kzh¿K- s sew- K n- I - X - b n¬ Øocpw. P\n-°p-tºm-gp-≈XnXnc-bp-∂-Xn\p ]Icw kz¥w ho´nepw hf¿]c-º-cm-K-X-Xz-Øns‚ LSs‚ aq∂n-c-´n! c≠p hb- m∂p-h∂ kml-N-cy-ß-fn-ep-ap≈ {Ia-`w-K-ßI-߃°v Nne kzm[o-\-ßhp-tºmtg°v 1120 {Kmapw aqfn¬ {]kvXpX Po\p-Iƒ At\z-jn-°p-hm≥ fp≠v F∂v Cc-´-Isf Ipdn∂mw hb- n¬ 1270 {Kmap-am® ]T-\-߃ Nne kqN-\Ibn-Øo-cpw akvXn-jvI-`m-cw. an\-s°-´n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ {]iv\Ø - n\v {]mtbmƒ \¬In-bn-´p-≠v F∂Xv ]n∂o-Sp≈ hf¿® aµ-KX - n-bnKn-Ia - mb ]cn-lm-ca - p-≠m-°p-∂X - ns‚ {]Y-aHcp hkvXp-X-bmWv. F∂mem-Wv. ]{¥-≠p-h-b- mbn, ]-Sns-b¶-pep-a-m-Ip-am-bn-cp∂p AXv.¬ P\-kw-Jy-bpsS c≠p apIuam-c-Øn-te°v ImseSpX-¬ \mep iX-am\w hsc Øp sh°m\mhp-tºm-tg°v am{X-ap-≈ kzh¿K-{]-W-bnakvXnjvI`mcw 1440 {KmamI-fn¬ Ccp-]Xv iX-am-\Ønbn- Ø o- ¿ ∂ncn- ° pw. ]ns∂ \v am{Xta {]kvXpX kz`makvXnjvI `mc-Øn\v Imcyh-ap≈ kZr-i-k-tlm-Z-c-\pamb am‰-ß-sfm-∂p-ap-≠m-hp≈q-sh∂ hkvXpX ssewKnI-bn-√. {]mb-]q¿Øn-sb-ØnIm-`n-\nthiw P\n-X-I-ambn b Hcm-fpsS icm-icn akvXnkzm[o-\n-°-s∏-Sm-sa-∂√mjvI`mcw 1450 {Kmam-sW∂msX AXv Un.-F≥.F-bn¬ tcJ-s∏-´p-In-S-°p-∂-X-s√-∂mWv Wv IW-°m-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hb- m-bm¬ akvXnjvI`mcw hy‡-am-°p-∂X - v. kl-Pm-`n-ap-Jy-sØ-bmWv AX-√msX ap≥ Ipd-bp-I-bmWv ]ns∂ sNøp-∂-Xv. Adp-]Xv hb- p≈ Hcm\n-›-b-sØ-b√ Po\p-Iƒ {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp-∂-Xv.(32) fpsS icm-icn akvXn-jvI-`mcw 1370 {Kmam-Wv.(34) {]mb-]q¿Øn-bmb Hcm-fpsS akvXn-jvI-`m-c-Øns‚ icm-icn Ccp-]Xv kzh¿Km-\p-cmKw P∑\m \n›-bn-°s - ∏-´X - m-sW∂hmZw iX-am-\-amWv P\-\-k-a-b-Øp≈ Abm-fpsS akvXn-jvIASn-ÿm-\-c-ln-X-am-sW∂ hkvXpX a\- n-em-°n-°-gn-bp`mcw. Hcph¿j-Øn-\p-≈n¬ Xs∂ AXv aq∂n-c´- n-bm-bn apXntºmƒ {][m-\-s∏´ Hcp {]iv\w Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂p. F¥p¿∂-h-cpsS akvXn-jvI-`m-c-Øns‚ Adp-]Xv iX-am-\ambnsIm-≠mWv Nne kzh¿Km\p-cm-Kn-Iƒs°-¶nepw X߃ Øo-cp-∂p. arK-ß-fn¬ \n∂v a\p-jysc hyXn-cn-‡-am-°p∂ P∑-\m Aßs\ Xs∂-bp-≈h - c - m-sW∂v tXm∂p-∂Xv F∂ {][m-\-s∏´ ssPhnIkhn-ti-j-X-I-fn-sem-∂m-Wn-Xv. {]mb{]iv\w. kzh¿Km-\p-cmKw P\n-X-I-am-sW∂ hmZw Im]-Sy]q¿Øn-bmb Nnºm≥kn-bpsS akvXn-jvI-`m-c-Øns‚ GIØn¬ \n∂p am{X-ambn Dbn¿s°m-≠-sXm-∂p-a-√. {]XypX tZiw Adp-]Xv iX-am\w hcpw ]pXp-Xmbn P\n® Hcp NnºmX߃ kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-If - mbn P\n-®h - c - m-sW∂ Nne-cpsS ≥kn-Ip-™ns‚ akvXn-jvI-`m-cw.(35) Nnºm≥kn-Ip™v hfi‡-amb t_m[-Øn\v \ymbo-I-c-W-ap-≠m-°p-hm≥ th≠ncp-∂-tXmsS P∑-k-a-b-Øp≈ akvXn-jvI-Øns‚ ]Ip-Xnbp≈ {ia-Øn¬ \n∂mWv {]kvXpX hmZw Dcp--Øn-cn-™nbn¬ Ipdhv am{Xw h¿[n-°p-tºmƒ a\p-jy-Ip-™n\v h¿[cn-°p-∂-Xv. {]kvXp-X t_m[-Øns‚ ASn-Ød Fs¥∂v \hv A©n-c´- n-bm-Wv. a\p-jy-ak - vXn-jvIØ - ns‚ Ccp-]Xv iX]cn-tim-[n-°msX kzh¿Km-\p-cm-K-Øns‚ P\n-X-Im-Sn-Ød am\w P\n° pt ºmƒ e`n° p∂p; _m°n F¨]Xp iX-am\ntj-[n-°p∂ ]T-\-ß-sfm∂pw ]q¿W-am-hp-I-bn-√. AXv \hpw P\\ Ø n\v tijw hfc p∂ ps h∂v kmcw. ]cn-tim-[n-°p-hm≥ \ΩpsS Ah-t_m-[-Øn\v \nan-Ø-amhp∂ am\-knI{]Xn-`m-k-߃ A]-{K-Yn-t°≠n hcpw. P\nXakvXn-jvIØ - n\v Fßn-s\-bmWv Cu `mc-h¿[-\h - p-≠mI-Øn¬ \n∂v \mUo-im-kv{X-Øn-te°p (neuro science) hp-∂-sX∂p IqSn a\- n-em-°p-tºm-gmWv am\-kn-I-hn-ImkCØ-cw ]T-\-߃ hgn-am-dp-∂Xv Chn-sS-sh-®m-Wv. Øn¬ kml-Nc - y-߃°v F{X-tØmfw ]¶p-s≠∂v t_m[ys∏S pI . K¿`ÿ inip-hn\v ]Xn-t\gv BgvN {]mb-am-hptºma\p-jy¿ P\n-°p-tºmƒ Ah-cpsS akvXn-jvIØ - n\v icmƒ Xs∂ AXns‚ Xe-t®m-dn¬ \qdp-tImSn \yqtdm-Wp-I-fpicn 330 {Kmw Xq°w ImWpw. GI-tZiw ]Xn-\m-bncw tImSn (33) ≠mh pw. sk°‚n¬ Aº-Xn-\m-bncw F∂ tXmXn-emWv \mUo-tIm-iß - f - mWv Cu ka-bØv Xe-t®m-dn-ep-≠m-hp-I. \yqtdmW pI f psS ]p\cp¬]m-Z-\w. P\\w Ign™v Ipd®p temI-P-\-kw-Jy-bpsS GI-tZiw Ccp-]Xv Cc-´n. Ip´n hf2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

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\mfp-Iƒ°qSn am{Xta Cu tXmXn-ep≈ ]p\-cp¬]m-Z\w \S-°q. ]ns∂-bXv aµK-Xn-bn-em-hpw. \yqtdm-Wp-Iƒ°v AhbpsS \yq¢n-bkv DƒsIm-≈p∂ tImii-co-cØ - n¬ \n∂pw \ofp∂ sU≥ss{U‰p- I ƒ (dendrites) F∂- d n- b - s ∏- S p∂ imJ-I-fp-≠v. Htcm \yqtdmWns‚bpw sU≥ss{U- ‰ p- I ƒ a‰p \yqtdm- W p- I fpambn kvt\m]vkp-Iƒ (synopse) F∂dn-bs - ∏-Sp∂ hb-dnw-Kn-eqsS _‘w ÿm]n-°p-∂p. Hcp \yqtdm-Wn\v Cßs\ ]Xn-\ø - m-bn-ct- Ømfw \yqtdm-Wp-If - mbn _‘w ÿm]n- ° m- \ m- h pw. (P- \ n- ° ptºmƒ CXv c≠m- b n- c Øn A™qdv am{X-am-Wv) P\-\-Øn\p tijw {][m\-ambpw \S-°p-∂Xv Cu _‘w- ÿm]n-°emWv. Cßs\ _‘w ÿm]n-°s]-Sp-tºmƒ kvt\m]vkp-I-fpsS FÆw h¿[n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw. P\n-®p-I-gn-™v F´p-amkamIp-tºm-tg°v Xe-t®m-dn-\IØv \qdp-tImSn kvt\m]vkp-Is - f-¶nepw cq]w {]m]n-®n-´p-≠m-Ipw. aq∂p-h-b- mhp-tºm-tg°v Ip´n-bpsS Xe-t®m-dn¬ ]ØvtImSn-t°m-Sn(1000 trillions) kvt\m]vkp-Iƒ cq]-s∏-´n-cn-°pw. Hcp apXn¿∂bm-fpsS Xe-t®m-dn¬ CXns‚ ]Ip-Xnbn-e[ - nIw kvt\m]vkp-Itf ImWq. Ip´n°v ]Xn-s\m∂v hb- m-Ip-∂-tXmsS \S°p∂ kvt\m]vXnI sh´n HXp-°-eneqsS (synaptic pruning) Bh-iy-an-√mØ kvt\m]vkp-Iƒ \in-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-XpsIm-≠m-Wn-Xv.(36) kvt\m]vkp-I-fpsS FÆ-h¿[-\-hmWv BZy-am-k-ß-fnse akvXn-jvI-`mcw h¿[n-°p-∂-Xns‚ Imc-Wßfn-sem-∂v. \mw t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p∂ hnh-c-߃ akv-XnjvIw tiJ-cn-®p-sh-°p-∂Xv kvt\m]vkp-Iƒ°-I-Øm-Wv. aq∂p-h-b p hsc-bp≈ kv\m]vXnI hf¿®-°n-Sbv°v Ip´n Xs‚ Np‰p-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ \n∂pw kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ \n∂pambn X\n-°m-h-iyamb ASn-ÿm\ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ t\Sn-sb-Sp°p-∂p. Cu ka-bØ - n-\I - Øv e`n-°p∂ hnh-cß - f - psS shfn-®Ø - n-em-bn-cn°pw Xs‚ `mhn-Ime Pohn-XØ - nse icnbpw sX‰pw Ip´n Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xv. Ahs‚ ASn-ÿm\ [m¿an-I-X-bpsS ASn-Ød Cu hnh-c-ß-fm-Wv. aq∂p-h-b- n-\n-S-bnemWv a\p-jy-°p™v Ahs‚ Pohn-X\n-e] - mSv (life position) Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂Xv F∂mWv hn\n-ab - m-]{- K-Y\ hnZ-KZv [∑m¿ (transactional analysts) ]d-bp-I. Xs∂-

kzh¿Km-\p-cm-K-Øn\v \nb-a-]-cn-c£ \¬Ip-hm≥ {ian-°p -∂-h¿ C¥ysb kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-I-X-bpsS tIfo-cw-K-am-°p∂-Xn-\p≈ \mS-bmWv apdn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. IqSp-X¬ t]sc kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-I-fm-°n-Øo¿°p∂ kmaq-lym-¥-co-£-Øns‚ DZv-Lm-S\w! kz¥w a°ƒ hsc kzh¿K-c-Xn-°m-cmbnØo-cp-hm-≥ km[y-X-bp≈ at\m-˛-cm-k-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃°v D¬t{]-c-I-am-bn-Øo-cp-I-bmWv Xß-fpsS hn[n-\ym-b-ßsf∂v Ah¿ Adn-bp-∂n-√

bpw Xs‚ Np‰p-ap≈ temI-tØbpw Ipdn® ASn-ÿm-\] - c - a - mb ho£Ww cq]-s∏Sp∂ Ime-amWv aq∂p-h-b p hsc-bp≈ ssiih Imesa-∂¿Yw. C°m-eØv Xs‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°fpw Xs‚bpw Np‰pap≈ a‰p- ≈ - h cpw Xm≥ ImWp- ∂ Xpw tIƒ°p-∂Xpw aW-°p-∂Xpw cpNn°p∂Xpw A\p-`h - n-°p-∂X - p-amb Imcy-ßf - n¬ \¬Ip∂ hnh-c-ß-fn¬ \n∂mWv Ip´n Xm≥ Bcm-sW∂v a\- n-em-°p-∂Xpw F¥m-bn-Øo-c-W-sa∂v Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂Xpw. Xm≥ `mhn-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ Fßs\ A`n-\-bn-°-W-sa∂ Pohn-X-kv{In-]v‰ns‚ cq]o-I-c-Ww (formation of life script) \S-°p∂ ka-b-amWv aq∂p-h-b- p-h-scbp≈ hf¿®m-Im-e-sa-∂¿Yw.(37) Xm≥ Xs∂ cq]o-Ic - n® Pohn-Xk - v{In]v‰ns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ Xs‚ Np‰p-]mSpap≈ temI-tØmSv Ip´n kwh-Zn-°m-\m-cw`n-°p-∂Xv aq∂v hb p apX-em-Wv. t_m[-]q¿∆-amb {]Xn-Ic - W - ß - f - p-tSbpw kwth-Z-\-Øn-s‚bpw ka-b-am-Wn-Xv. GItZiw Iuam-cØ - n-se-Øp-∂Xp hsc Cu ]T-\-{]-Xn-I-cW Imew XpS-cp-∂p. kvt\m]vkp-I-fpsS hf¿®m-\n-c°v Ipd-sh¶nepw Xmc-Xt- ay\ tami-a√ - mØ hf¿® \S-°p∂ Imew-X-s∂-bm-Wn-Xv. C°meØv Xm≥ cq]o-Ic - n® kv{In]v‰ns‚ shfn-®Ø - n¬ Ip´n-temIsØ Adn-bp-Ibpw Dƒs°m-≈p-Ibpw AXn-t\mSv {]Xn-I-cn°p-Ibpw AXn-\-\p-k-cn®v {]Xn-{]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw Xm≥ Bcm-sW∂v kzbw Xocp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw temIsØ sXcy-s∏Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.(38) Xe-t®m-dns‚ πmÃn-IX (neuro plasticity) G‰-hp-a[nIw {]I-Sa - m-hp∂ ka-ba - m-Wn-Xv. e`n°p∂ hnh-cß - ƒ°p-\p-kr-Xa - mbn Xe-t®m¿ ]mI-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\mWv \yqtdm-πm-kvXn-IX-sb∂v ]d-bp-∂X - v.(39) P\n-XI - a - mbn e`n-

2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

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® ]mc-º-cy-ßsf Xs‚ {]Ir-Xn°p Np‰p-]m-Sp-Iƒ°p-a-\p-k-cn®v sacp-°n-sbSp-°p∂ {]{In-bbpw \S-°p-∂Xv C°me-Øm-Wv. aq∂mw hb- n-se-gp-Xp∂ kv{In-]v‰v ]pXp°n Fgp-Xp-∂Xv Iuamc-Øn\v sXm´p-ap-ºm-sW-∂mWv hn\n-atbm-]-{K-Y\ hnZ-KvZ-∑m¿ ]d-bp-I.(40) CtXm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv Xm≥ F¥m-sW∂pw Fßn-s\-bm-h-W-sa-∂p-ap≈ t_m[w a\- n¬ ]Xn-bp-∂-Xv. {]kvXpX t_m[Øn\v hnt[-b-am-bn-´m-bn-cn°pw ]n∂o-Sp≈ Abm-fpsS {]h¿Ø-\-߃. Xe-t®m-dns\ Hcp Iw]yq-´-dn-t\mSv D]-an-°m-sa-¶n¬ P\n-°ptºmƒ e`n-°p∂Xv AXns‚ lm¿Uvsh-bd - n-\m-hi - y-amb LS-Iß - ƒ (components) am{X-am-Wv. Cu LS-I-߃ Iq´n-tbm-Pn-∏n®v Iw]yq´- d m- ° n- Ø o¿°p∂tXmsSm∏w Xs∂ AXns‚ "Hm∏-td-‰nwKv knÃw'-IqSn cq]s∏-Sp-∂Xv aq∂p hb- p-hs - c-bp≈ Imeb-f-hnepw a‰p -tkm-^v‰p-sh-b-dp-Ifpw ASn-ÿm\ t{]m{Km-ap-Ifpw cq]o-I-cn-°s∏-Sp-∂Xv Iuamcw hsc-bp≈ Ime-Øpam-Wv. AXp Ign-™m¬ ]ns∂ D≈ t{]m{Km-ap-I-fpsS shfn-®-Øn-ep≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fmWv \S-°p-I. kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-If - mb Nne¿s°-¶nepw Xß-fp-sS Xe-hn-[n-bmWv AsX∂v tXm∂p-∂Xpw AXv am‰-W-sa∂v B{Kl-ap-≠m-bn´pw am‰m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-Xp-sa√mw AXv P\n-XI - a - mWv F∂-Xn\v sXfnhmbn D≤-cn-°s - ∏-Sm-dp-≠v. kzh¿K-ssewKn-I-Xbv°-\p-kr-X-ambn a\- ns\ cq]s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xpw _mey-Im-em-\p-`h - ß - f - nepw kml-N-cy-ß-fnepw amXm-]n-Xm-°fp-sS CS-s]-S-ep-I-fnepw I≠ sSen-hnj≥ Nn{X-ß-fnepw tI´ tdUntbm {]t£-]-W-ß-fn-ep-sa-√m-amWv, {]kvXpX kzh¿Km-\p-cm-K-Øns‚ hnØp-Iƒ A-

t\z-jn-t°-≠-Xv; tImi-߃°-IsØ t{Ima-tkm-ap-Iƒ°-IØv kzh¿K-ssewKn-I-X-bpsS Po\p-Iƒ Xnc-bp-∂-Xn\p ]Icw kz¥w ho´nepw ho´p-Im-cnepw hf¿∂p-h∂ kml-Nc - y-ßf - n-ep-ap≈ {Ia-`wK-ß-fn¬ {]kvXpX Po\p-Iƒ At\z-jn°p-hm≥ an\-s°-´n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ {]iv\Øn\v {]mtbmKn-I-amb ]cn-lm-c-ap-≠m°p-∂-Xns‚ {]Y-a-]-Sn-bm-Ip-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. F∂m¬ kzh¿Km-\p-cmK Po\ns\ At\z-jn®v Kth-j-W-ß-fn-te¿s∏-Sp∂ ]e¿°p-am-hiyw {]iv\-]-cn-lm-c-a-√, {]XypX Xß-fpsS sshIr-Xß - ƒ°v kmaqlym-wKo-Imcw t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p-I-bmWv F∂-Xm-Wt√m kXyw. Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-IfpsS Poh-N-cn-{X-Ip-dn-∏p-Iƒ kq£v-a-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ Ah¿ Aßs\ BbnØo-cp-∂-Xn\v \nan-Ø-amb _mey-Im-em\p-`-h-߃ hy‡-ambn ImWm-\m-hpw. B[p-\nIImesØ H∂m-asØ kzh¿K{]-Wb - n-bmbn Adn-bs - ∏-Sp∂ Imƒ Dƒdn®vkns\ s]¨h- k v { X- ß - f p- S p- ∏ n® amXmhpw Iuam-c-Øn¬ ssewKn-I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn® IpXnc khm-cn- Kpcp-hp-amWv At±-l-Øns‚ kzh¿Km-\p-cm-K-Øn\v ]n∂n¬ {]h¿Øn® LS-I-ß-sf∂v a\ n-em-hp-∂p-≠v. kzh¿Km-\p-cm-KnIƒ°mbn kwL-S-\-bp-≠m-°nb BZy- hy‡n-bmb tUm: amK-v\kv ln¿®vkv ^o¬Upw GI-tZiw CtX kmaq-ly-km-l-Ncy-ß-fpsS krjvSn-bm-Wv. Xs‚ B{Kl- ß ƒs°√mw FXn¿ \n¬°p∂ ]nXmhpw Xcw-In-´p-tºm-sg√mw ]oUn-∏n°p∂ A[ym-]I - cpw IqSn-bm-bn-cn-°Ww BZy Ata-cn-°≥ kzh¿Km-\p-cmK kwL-S\ - °v {]tNm-Z\ - a - m-bn-Øo¿∂ F-tΩm tKmƒUvkvams‚ kzh¿Km-\p-cmK hy‡n-XzsØ cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb-Xv. kzh¿Km\p-cm-Kn-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-߃°p-th≠n hmZn®v {it≤-b-\m-bn-Øo¿∂ lmcntlbpsS tK hy‡nXzhpw cq]-s∏-Sp-∂Xv X-s∂ ]oUn-∏n-°p-hm≥ th≠n Imc-Wß-fp-≠m-°p∂ ]nXm-hns‚ {]h¿Ø-\ß-fn¬ \n∂m-Wv. BZy Ata-cn-°≥ kzh¿K-{]-W-bn\o kwL-Øns‚ Xe∏-Øp-≠m-bn-cp∂ sUtdmØn sU¬ am¿´ns‚ sekv_n-b≥ hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ cq]o- I - c - W - a p- ≠ m- h p- ∂ Xv Hm¿Øn- c n°msX ]ncn-tb≠n h∂ `¿Øm-hn-t\mSp≈ A\p-cm-K-Øn¬ \n∂m-sW∂v a\ n- e m- h p- ∂ p- ≠ v . CXp- t ]m- s e- Ø s∂

th≠ ka-bØv th≠-cq-]-Øn-ep-ff NnIn¬k In´m-Ø-XmWv ]e kzh¿Km\p-cm-Kn-I-fp-tSbpw B hy‡n-Xz-Øn\v \nan-Ø-am-b-sX∂v ImWm-\m-hpw. kzh¿K-cXn \nb-a-hn-t[-bambcmjv{S-ß-fn¬ {]kvXpX sshIr-X-Ønte°v ]pXnb Xe-apd BI¿jn-°s - ∏Sm\p≈ km[yX h¿[n-°p-I-bmWv sNøpI. aq∂p-hb -   - n-\n-S°v Hcmƒ°p e`n°p∂ Adn-hp-If - mWv Abm-fpsS hy‡nXzw cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ {][m-\-s∏´ ]¶p-hln- ° p- ∂ - s X∂v \mw a\-   n- e m- ° n. kzh¿Km-\p-cm-K-Øn\v kmaq-ln-Imw-KoImcw e`n-°p-tºmƒ Ip´n-Iƒ°v kzh¿Kssew-Kn-I-X-°-\p-Iq-e-amb hnh-c-ßfmWv Np‰p-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ \n∂v e`n-°p-I. ssii-h-Øn¬ Xs∂ kzh¿Km-\p-cmKsØ hn{K-l-h¬°-cn-°p∂ Adn-hp-Iƒ e`n-°p∂ Hcmƒ AØ-c-samcp hy‡nXz-Øns‚ DS-a-bmbnØocp-hm-\p≈ km[yX hf-sc-°q-Sp-X-em-Wv. am[y-a-߃ \¬Ip∂ hnh-c-ßfpw amXm-]n-Xm-°fpsS kao-]-\-ßfpw Np‰p-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ \n∂v B¿÷n-s®-Sp-°p∂ Adn-hp-Ifpw IqSn kzh¿Km-\p-cm-K-Øn\\p-Iq-e-amb at\m-\n-e-hm-c-ap-≠m-°nb Ip´n°v kvIqfn¬ \n∂v AXn\v A\p-Iq-e-amb Hcp "X-≈v'IqSn In´n-bm¬ Ah≥ AXns‚ ASn-ab - m-bn-Øo-cpw. kzh¿Km-\p-cm-KØ - n\v \nb-a-]-cn-c£ \¬Ip-hm≥ {ian-°p∂-h¿ C¥ysb kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-I-XbpsS tIfo-cw-K-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ \mSbmWv apdn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. IqSp-X¬ t]sc kzh¿Km- \ p- c m- K n- I - f m- ° n- Ø o¿°p∂ kmaq-lym-¥-co-£-Øns‚ D¬Lm-S\w! kz¥w a°ƒ hsc kzh¿K-c-Xn-°m-cmbn-Øo-cp-hm-≥ km[y-X-bp≈ at\m-˛-cmk-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃°v D¬t{]-c-I-am-bnØo-cp-I-bmWv Xß-fpsS hn[n-\ym-b-ßsf∂v Ah¿ Adn-bp-∂n-√. kzh¿Km-\pcm-KsØ am\y-h¬°-cn-°p∂ km{am-PyXz-am-[y-a-ß-fpsS ho™ns‚ elcn A{X-tØmfw amc-I-am-sW-∂¿Yw! d-^-d≥-kv-: 1. In the HighCourt of Delhi at New Delhi. WP(C) No: 7455/2001 Date of decision 2nd July 2009 2. www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/LGBT 3. www.library.yale.edu/rsc/gayles/gayminor.html 4. Gray J Gates: Same-sex Couples and the Gay Lesbian Bisexual Population: New Estimates from the American Community Survey (Octo ber 1,2006) 5. Dr. Harry Benjamin MD, TheTranssexual Phe nomenon (1966)

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6. 7. 8. 9.

Ibid Page 46-54 Science 253, 30 August 1991 Nature 378, 02 November 1995 Procedings of the National Academy of Science USA, March 1998 10. Newsweak 31, March 2000 11. http:// mitpress.mit.edu/jrnls-catalog/contneuro.html 12. www.cwfa.org/images/content/born or bred.pdf 13. www.sciencemag.org/content/vol 261/issue 5119.pdf 14. Science 23 April 1999 Vol 284 Pages 665-667 15. http:// news.bbc.co.uk/2/ni/science/nature/ 325979.stm 16. www.skeptictauk.org/gaugene.htm 17. Baker.c: Behavioural Genetics (2004) Page 2-17 18. R. Plomin, J. Defries &G. Mc Clearn: Behavioural Genetics A Primer (1980) Page 374 19. Baker. C:Opt Cit Page 16,17 20. Science 12 October 1990; Behaviour Genetics 31 January 2005 21. Peter Schonemann: Models and Muddles of Heritability (1997) Pages 97-108 22. Ridely M: Nature via Nature: Genes, Experience and What Makes.us human (2003) Pages 82-96 23. Archieves of General Psychiatry, 48 (1991) Pages 1089-1096 24. C. Patterson& D Augelli: Lesbian, Gay and Bi sexual Identities in Families (2003) Page 3-21 25. J.M Bailey & K. Dawood: Behavioural Genet ics, Sexual Orientation and the Family (1998) Page 9-13 26. Journal of Social Personality and Psychology Vol: 78, (2000) Page 524-536 27. E. Stein: The Mismeasure of Desine: The Sci ence, Theory and Ethics of Sexual Orientation (1999) page 58 28. C. Baker: Behavioural Genetics: An Introduc tion to How Genes and Environments in treat through Development to Shape Difference in Modd, Personality and Intelligence (2004) Page 17,18 29. Sarah Blaffer Hrdy: Mother Natura (2000) Page 246 30. Brittish Journel of Psychiatry Vol: 173 (1998) Page 345-350 31. Dean Hamer & P Copeland: The Science of Desine (1994) Page 64 32. Dr. Francis S Collims: The Language of God; A Scientist Present Evidence for Belief (2006) Page 33. The Scientific American Book of the Brain (1999) Page 3 34. MaGills Medical Guide (1998) Page 219-222 35. Susan Hart: Brain, Attachement, Personality: An Introduction to Neuro Affective Devolepment (2008) Page 49 36. http:// Faculty.washington.edu/chulder/ plast.html 37. Marian Fatout: Models for Change in Social Group Work (1992)/Page 115-118 38. Thomas A Harris: I am Ok You are Ok (1972) 39. D. Drubach: The Brain Explained (2000) 40. www.itaa.net.org/ta/keyideas.htm

kzh¿K-cXoNcn{Xw; h¿Ø-am-\-Øn\p≈ ]mTw

A_q AXzo^v amU

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H∂n-e-[nIw t]cpsS ih-Ip-So-c-ßfps≠∂-XmWv hkvXp-X.(4) ]pcm-hkvXptcJ-Isf A\p-Iq-e-ambn hymJym-\n®v kzh¿Km-\pcm-KsØ a\p-jym-cw`w apX¬ \ne-\n∂ ssewKn-Im-`n-\n-th-i-am-sW∂v hcp-ØnØo¿°p-hm-\p≈ {ia-amWv CuPn-]vjy≥ lntcm-•n-^p-If - n¬ kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-IX Xnc-bp-∂-Xn\p ]n∂n-ep≈sX∂mWv {]kvXpX tcJIƒ ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ t_m[y-s∏SpI. eqØv \_nbpsS kap-Zm-ba - mWv kzh¿K-c-Xnsb ssewKn-Im-kzm-Z-\-Øn\v D]tbm-Kn® BZysØ kap-Zm-bs - a-∂mWv Jp¿B≥ hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xv. ""eqØns\bpw (\mw Ab®p) At±lw Xs‚ P\XtbmSv, \n߃°v apºv temIcn¬ Hcmfpw Xs∂ sNbvXn´n√mØ Cu \oNhrØn°v \n߃ sN√pItbm? F∂v ]d™ kµ¿`w (Hm¿°pI) kv{XoIsf hn´v ]pcpj≥amcpsS ASpØv Xs∂ \nß-ƒ ImahnImctØmsS sN√p∂p. A√, \n߃ AXncphn´v {]h¿Øn°p∂ Hcp P\XbmIp∂p. Chsc \nßfpsS \m´n¬ \n∂p ]pdØm°pI, Ch¿ ]cnip≤n]men°p∂ BfpIfmIp∂p F∂p]d™Xv am{Xam-

{InkvXphn\v 2400 h¿j-߃°p-apºv CuPn-]vXnse A©mw cmP-hw-i-Øn¬ s]´ ^tdmhbmbn-cp∂ Xnbq-sk¿sd cmPmhns‚ tkh-I-cm-bn-cp∂ Jv\wtlm-sS∏pw \nbm≥ JvJv\pΩp-amWv Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Adnb-s∏-´n--S-tØm-f-ap≈ BZysØ kzh¿Km\p-cm-Kn-I-sf-∂mWv ]pcm-hkvXpimkv{X⁄-\mb tXmakv F Uu-k¨ Fgp-Xp∂-X.v(1) cmP-k-Z-kn¬ \S-°p∂ \rØ-k-Z p-I-fn¬ Ah¿ H∂n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-bp≈ Nn{Xhpw c≠p-t]cpw aq°p-Iƒ ap´n-®psIm≠p \S-Øp∂ Benw-K\ - Øns‚ Nn{Xhp-amWv Ah¿ kzh¿Km\p-cm-Kn-If - m-sW∂ \nK-a-\-Øn\v \nZm-\w. kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-cpsS kvt\l-{]-I-S\w F∂-Xn-ep-]-cn-bmbn kzh¿Km-\p-cm-K-Øns‚ e£-W-sam∂pw {]kvXpX Nn{X-ß-fn¬ Cs√∂v Ah I≠m¬ hy‡-am-hpw.(2) c≠p t]tcbpw Htc ih-Ip-So-c-Øn-emWv AS°w sNbvXn-´p-≈sX∂ hkvXp-X(3) Ah-cpsS kzh¿K-{]-Wb-Øn\v sXfn-hm-°p-∂Xpw AXn-i-tbm‡n]c-am-Wv. CuP]vjy≥ htc-Wy-cpsS ih-Ip-So-cß - f - mb akvX_ - I - f - n¬ NneXn¬ 2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

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]pcm- h kv X ptcJ- I sf A\p- I q- e - a mbn hymJym-\n®v kzh¿Km-\p-cm-KsØ a\pjym-cw`w apX¬ \ne-\n∂ ssewKn-Im-`n\n-th-i-am-sW∂v hcp-Øn-Øo¿°p-hm-\p≈ {ia-amWv,- CuPn-]vjy≥ lntcm-•n-^pI-fn¬ kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-IX Xnc-bp-∂-Xn\p ]n∂n-ep≈sX∂mWv tcJIƒ ]cn-tim[n-®m¬ t_m[y-s∏-Sp-I.

bncp∂p At±lØns‚ P\XbpsS adp]Sn.'' (7:80-˛82) kzh¿K-cX - n-°m-cmb ktZmw Ktamdm tZi-°msc ssZhw \in-∏n-®-Xmbn D¬]Øn ]pkvXIw hy-‡-am-°p-∂p. {]kvXpX \misØ Ipdn® ss__nƒ hnhcWw {i≤n-°p-I. ""sshIp-t∂-c-am-b-t∏mƒ B c≠p ZqX-∑m¿ tkmtZm-an¬ sN∂p. temØv \K-c-hm-Xn¬°¬ Ccn-°p-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah- s c- ° - ≠ - t ∏mƒ temØv Ahsc FXn-tc¬°m-\mbn Fgp-t∂‰v sN∂v \new- ] s‰ XmWp- h - W - ß n. Ah≥ ]d™p: bP-am-\-∑mtc, Zmks‚ ho´nte°v h∂mepw, Im¬I-gp-In cm{Xn ChnsS Xßp-I. cmhnse Ggp-t∂‰v bm{X Xp-S-cmw. Ah¿ adp-]Sn ]d™p: th≠, cm{Xn R߃ sXcp-hn¬ Ign-®p-sIm≈mw. Ah≥ hfsc \n¿_-‘n-®-t∏mƒ Ah≥ Ahs‚ ho´n-te°v t]mbn. Ah≥ Ah¿s°mcp hncp-s∂m-cp-°n. ]pfn∏n-√mØ A∏hpw D≠m°n. Ah¿ AXp `£n-®p. Ah¿ InS°pw apsº tkmtZmw \Kc-Øns‚ F√m `mKØpw \n∂v bphm°≥am¿ apX¬ hr≤-∑m¿ hsc-bp≈ F√m-hcpw h∂v hoSp hf-™p. Ah¿ temØns\ hnfn®p ]d™p: cm{Xn \ns‚-bS- p-°¬ h∂-hs - c-hnsS? R߃°v Ah-cp-ambn kpJ-t`m-K-ß-fn-te¿s∏-tS≠-Xn\v Ahsc ]pd-Øp- sIm-≠p-h-cn-I. temØv ]pd-Øn-d-ßn. IX-I-S-®n´v AhcpsS ASp-tØ°v sN∂p. Ah≥ ]d™p: ktlm-Zc - t- c, CØcw tæ—X Im´cp-sX∂v Rm≥ \nß-tfmSv bmNn-°p-∂p. ]pcp-j-kv]¿i-ta¬°mØ c≠p s]¨a-°ƒ F\n-°p-≠v. Ahsc \n߃°v hn´pXcmw. CjvSw-t]mse Ah-tcmSv

sNbvXp-sIm-≈p-I. ]t£ Cu ]pcp-j∑msc am{Xw H∂pw sNø-cp-Xv. Fs¥∂m¬, Ah¿ Fs‚ AYn-Xn-I-fm-Wv. amdn-\n¬°q. Ah¿ A´-l-kn-®p. ]c-tZin-bmbn h∂h≥ \ymbw hn[n-°p-hm≥ Hcp-ßp∂p! Ah-tcm-sS-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ tami-ambn \nt∂mSpw R߃ s]cp-amdpw. Ah¿ temØns\ i‡n- b mbn X≈n-am‰n hmXn¬ X√n-s∏m-fn-°m≥ sN∂p. ]t£, temØns‚ AXn-Yn-Iƒ ssI\o´n Ahs\ hen®v ho´n-\p-≈n-em°n-bn´v hmXneS®p. hmXn¬°-ep-≠m-bncp∂ F√m-h-scbpw Ah¿ A‘-cm-°n. Ah¿ hmXn¬ X∏n-Ø-S™p he-™p. B c≠pt]¿ temØn-t\mSv ]d-™p: Ch-sc-°q-SmsX \n\°v Bsc-¶nepw Chn-sS-bpt≠m? ]p{X-∑m¿, ]p{Xn-Itfm acp-a-°tfm a‰m-sc-¶n-eptam \K-c-Øn¬ Ds≠-¶n¬ F√m-h-scbpw DS≥ ]pdØp IS-Øn-s°m-≈p-I. Cu ÿew Rß-ƒ \in-∏n-°p-hm≥ t]mhp-I-bm-Wv. Chn-SpsØ P\-߃s°-Xnsc cq£-amb \nehnfn I¿Øm-hns‚ apºn-se-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p. ChnsS \in-∏n-°m≥ I¿Ømhv Rßsf Ab-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. DSs\ temØv Xs‚ ]p{Xn-amsc hnhmlw sNøm\n-cp∂-h-cpsS ASpØv sN∂v ]d™p: Fgp-t∂‰v DSs\ ÿew hn´p t]mhp-I. I¿Ømhv Cu \Kcw \in-∏n-°m≥ t]mhp-I-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ Ah≥ Xami ]dbp-I-bm-sW-∂s{X Ah¿°v tXm∂n-bXv. t\cw ]pe¿∂-t∏mƒ ZqX-∑m¿ temØn-t\mSv ]d-™p. Fgp-t∂‰v `mcy-sbbpw s]¨a-°ƒ c≠p-t]-scbpw Iq´n thKw ]pd-s∏-Sp-I. As√-¶n¬ \K-ctØm-sSm∏w \nßfpw \in®p t]mIpw. F∂m¬ Ah¿ aSn®p \n∂p. I¿Ømhn\v Aht\mSv IcpW tXm∂n-b-Xp-

2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

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sIm≠v B a\p-jy¿ Ah-s\bpw `mcysbbpw a°-sfbpw ssI°p ]nSn®p \Kc-Øn\v ]pd-Øp-sIm-≠p-t]m-bn hn´p. Ah-sc ]pd-Øp-sIm≠pt]m∂p hn´-Xn\v tijw Ah-cn-sem-cp-h≥ ]d™p: Poh≥ thW-sa-¶n¬ HmSn-t∏m-hp-I. ]n≥Xncn™p t\m°-cp-Xv. Xmgvhc-bn-seßpw Xßp-I-bp-a-cp-Xv. ae-ap-I-fn-te°v HmSn c£-s∏-Sp-I. As√-¶n¬ \n߃ sh¥p \in-°pw. temØv ]d™p: ""bP-am-\t\ Aßs\ ]d-b-cp-Xv. Rm≥ Aß-bpsS {]oXn°v ]m{X-am-b-t√m. Fs‚ Poh≥ c£n-°p-∂-Xn¬ Ahn-Sp∂v henb ImcpWy-amWv ImWn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬, ae-bn¬ HmSn-°-bdn c£-s∏-Sm≥ F\n°p hø. A]-ISw Fs∂ ]nSn-IqSn F∂p- R-m≥ - `b-s∏-Sp-∂p. CXm, B ImWp∂ ]´-Ww HmSn c£-s∏-Sm-hp-∂{X ASpØm-Wv. sNdp-Xm-Wv. Rm≥ Atßm´v HmSn-c-£-s∏-´p-sIm-≈-s´?˛ AXp sNdpXm-W-t√m˛ Aßs\ F\n°v Poh≥ c£n-°mw. Ah≥ ]d-™p: icn, A°mcyhpw Rm-≥ kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. thKam-h-s´, A-tßm´v HmSn c£-s∏-SpI, \o Ahn-sS-sb-Øpw-hsc F\n-s°m∂pw sNøm-\m-hn-√. B ]´-WØ - n\v tkmhm¿ F∂ t]cp-≠m-bn. temØv tkmhm-dn¬ FØn-b-t∏mƒ kqcy≥ DZn®p Ign-™n-cp-∂p. I¿Ømhv BIm-iØv \n∂v tkmtZm-anepw tKmamdm-bnepw A·nbpw K‘-Ihpw h¿jn®p. B ]´-W-ß-sfbpw Xmgvhc-sbbpw Ah-bnse \nhm-kn-Is - fbpw kky-eX - mZn-Is - fbpw Ahn-Sp∂v \mam-ht- i-ja - m-°n. temØns‚ `mcy Ahs‚ ]ndsI hcpI-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ahƒ ]n≥Xncn™v t\m°n-b-XpsIm≠v Hcp D∏pXqWm-bn-Øo¿∂p.'' (D¬]Øn 19:1˛26)

eqØns‚ kap-Zm-bsØ \in-∏n®- X n- s \- I p- d n®v Jp¿- B ≥ \nc- h [n XhW hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v. ""\ΩpsS ZqX≥am¿ (ae°pIƒ) eqØns‚ ASp°¬ sN∂t∏mƒ AhcpsS ImcyØn¬ At±lØn\v ZpxJw tXm∂pIbpw Ahsc ]‰n Nn¥n®n´v At±lØn\v a\x{]bmkap≠mhpIbpw sNbvXp. CsXmcp hnjaIcamb Znhkw Xs∂ F∂v At±lw ]dbpIbpw sNbvXp. eqØns‚ P\߃ At±lØns‚ ASptØ°v HmSnh∂p. apºp Xs∂ Ah¿ Zp¿\S∏pImcmbncp∂p. At±lw ]d™p: Fs‚ P\ßtf,

hnip-≤hpw im¥n-Zm-b-I-amb IpSpw-_-kw-hn-[m-\-Øn-\I s - Ø ssewKnIX°p-]I - cw \oNhpw \nIr-jvSh - p-amb kzh¿K-kw-t`m-K-Øns‚ ]mX Xnc-s™-Sp-Ø-h¿°v k¿∆-i-‡≥ \¬Inb in£bpsS Ah-in-jvSa - mWv NmhpI-S¬. AsXmcp ZrjvSm-¥-am-Wv. {]Ir-Xn-hn-cp-≤-ssew-Kn-IX Poh-¬kv]¿ita¬-°mØ imco-cnI{Inb a - m-{X-am-sW∂v ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ ZrjvSm¥w.

CXm Fs‚ s]¨a°ƒ. AhcmWv \n߃°v IqSpX¬ ]cnip≤nbp≈h¿. (Ahsc \n߃°v hnhmlw Ign°mat√m?) AXn\m¬ \n߃ A√mlpsh kq£n°pIbpw Fs‚ AXnYnIfpsS ImcyØn¬ Fs∂ A]am\n°mXncn°pIbpw sNøpI. \nßfpsS Iq´Øn¬ hnthIap≈ Hcp ]pcpj\pant√? Ah¿ ]d™p: \ns‚ s]¨a°sf R߃°v Bhiyans√∂v \n\°v Adnhp≠t√m? Xo¿®bmbpw \n\°dnbmw; R߃ F¥mWv Dt±in°p∂sX∂v. At±lw ]d™p: F\n°v \nßsf XSbphm≥ iIvXnbp≠mbncp∂psh¶n¬! As√¶n¬ iIvX\mb Hcp klmbnsb F\n°v B{ibn°m\p≠mbncp∂psh¶n¬. Ah¿ ]d™p: eqtØ, Xo¿®bmbpw R߃ \ns‚ c£nXmhns‚ ZqX-≥amcmWv. Ah¿°v (P\߃°v) \n-s‚ ASptØs°Øm\mhn√. BIbm-¬ \o cm{Xnbn¬ \n∂p≈ Hcp bmaØn¬ \ns‚ IpSpw_tØbpw sIm≠vv bm-{X ]pds∏´v sIm≈pI. \nßfpsS Iq´Øn¬ \n∂v Hcmfpw Xncn™v t\m°cpXv. \ns‚ `mcysbmgnsI. Xo¿®bm-

bpw Ah¿°v (P\߃°v) h∂p `hn® in£ Ahƒ°pw h∂p `hn°p∂XmWv. Xo¿®bmbpw Ah¿°v \nivNbn® Ah[n {]`mXamIp∂p. {]`mXw ASpØv Xs∂bt√? Aßs\ \ΩpsS I¬]\ h∂t∏mƒ B cmPysØ \mw Iogvta¬ adn°pIbpw, A´nb´nbmbn Nqfsh® CjvSnI°√pIƒ \mw AhcpsS ta¬ h¿jn°pIbpw sNbvXp. \ns‚ c£nXmhns‚ ASp°¬ ASbmfw sh°-s∏´hbs{X (B I√pIƒ) AXv Cu A{IanIfn¬ \n∂v AIseb√.'' (11:77˛83) ""Aßs\ eqØns‚ IpSpw_Øn¬ B ZqX≥am¿ hs∂Ønbt∏mƒ. At±lw ]d™p: Xo¿®bmbpw \n߃ A]cnNnXcmb BfpIfmWt√m. Ah¿ (B ZqX≥amcmb ae°pIƒ) ]d™p: A√, GsXmcp (in£bpsS) ImcyØn¬ Ah¿ (P\߃) kwibn®ncp∂pthm AXpw sIm≠mWv R߃ Xm¶fpsS ASpØv h∂ncn°p∂Xv. bmYm¿Yyhpw sIm≠mWv R߃ Xm¶fpsS ASpØv h∂ncn°p∂Xv. Xo¿®bmbpw R߃ kXyw ]dbp∂hcmIp∂p. AXn\m¬ Xm¶-

2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

23

fpsS IpSpw_sØbpw sIm≠v cm{Xnbn¬ A¬]kabw _m°nbp≈t∏mƒ bm{X sNbvXv sIm≈pI. Xm¶ƒ AhcpsS ]n∂mse A\pKan°pIbpw sNøpI. \nßfn¬ Hcmfpw Xncn™v t\m°cpXv. \n߃ I¬]n°s∏Sp∂ `mKtØ°v \S∂v t]mbns°m≈pI. B Imcyw, AXmbXv {]`mXamIp∂tXmsS C°q´cpsS apcSpXs∂ apdn®p \o°s∏Sp∂XmWv F∂ Imcyw \mw At±lØn\v (eqØv \_n°v) JWvUnXambn Adnbn®v sImSpØp. cmPy°m¿ kt¥mjw {]ISn∏n®p sIm≠v h∂p. At±lw (eqØvv) ]d™p: Xo¿®bmbpw Ch¿ Fs‚ AXnYnIfmWv. AXn\m¬ \nßsfs∂ hjfm°cpXv. \n߃ A√mlpsh kq£n°pIbpw, Fs∂ A]am\n°mXncn°pIbpw sNøpI. Ah¿ ]d™p: temIcpsS ImcyØn¬ (CSs]Sp∂Xn¬) \n∂p \ns∂ R߃ hne°nbn´nt√? At±lw ]d™p: CXm Fs‚ s]¨a°ƒ. (Ahsc \n߃°v hnhmlw Ign°mw) \n߃°v sNømw F∂ps≠¶n¬. \ns‚ PohnXw Xs∂bmsW kXyw Xo¿®bmbpw Ah¿ AhcpsS elcnbn¬ hnlcn°pIbmbncp∂p. Aßs\ kqtcymZbtØmsS B tLmci_vZw Ahsc ]nSnIqSn. Aßs\ B cmPysØ \mw XeIogmbn adn°pIbpw, Np´p]gpØ CjvSnI°√pIƒ AhcpsS ta¬ \mw h¿jn-

F∂m¬ Ahcn¬ A[nIt]cpw hnizkn°p∂hcmbn√.'' (26:160-˛174) A{_lm-ans‚ ktlm-Z-c-\m-bn-cp∂ lmcms‚ aI-\m-bncp∂p temØv F∂mWv D¬]Øn ]pkvXIw ]d-bp-∂-Xv. (D¬]Øn 11:27) DuZn¬ \n∂v Im\m-\n-te°pw lmcm-\n¬ \n∂v CuPn-]vXn-te°pw Ahn-sS-\n∂v s\K_v tZi-tØ-°pap≈ bm{X-bn-se√mw A{_-lm-an-t\m-sSm∏w temØp-ap-≠m-

ktZmw sKmtamd \K-c-߃ D≠m-bn-cp-∂psh∂pw Ah \in-∏n-°s - ∏ - ´- n-´p-s≠∂pw kΩ-Xn°p∂ Kth-j-I-∑m¿, ]s£ CXv kw`-hn-®Xv {]Ir-Xn-]c-amb Imc-WØ - m-em-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw ssZh-tIm-]Ø - me-s√∂pw ka¿Yn®v kwXr-]vXn-b-S-bp-I-bmWv sNøp ∂-Xv.

bn-cp∂p. (D¬]Øn 11:31; 12:4; 13:1) temØns‚ kaq-lsØ \in- ∏ n- ° p- h m≥ th≠n \ntbm- K n- ° - s ∏´ amem- J - a m¿ A{_lm-an-s‚-bS- pØv t]mb-ti-ja - mWv temØn-\S- p-tØ°v sN∂- s X∂v ss__nfpw Jp¿- B \pw hy‡- a m- ° p- ∂ p. (D¬]Øn 18:1˛19, Jp¿-B≥ 11:69-˛83) {InkvXp-hn\v c≠mbncw h¿j-߃°p apºm-bn-cn-°Ww A{_lmw Pohn-®ncp-∂-sX-∂mWv ss__nƒ Ime-K-W-\-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°m-\m-hp-∂-Xv.(5) kzh¿K-c-Xnsb ssewKn-Im-kzmZ-\-Øn-\p≈ am¿K-ambn ktZm-w \nhm-kn-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°phm≥ XpS-ßn-bn´v \mem-bncw h¿j-ß-sf-¶n-ep-ambn F∂¿Yw. ktZm-ap-am-cpsS \mi-Øn\v \nan-Ø-amb kzh¿K-c-Xnsb∂ sshIrXw am\h-cm-in°v \mihpw \jvShpw am{Xsa-bp-≠m-°n-bn-´p≈qsh∂-XmWv hkvXp-X. {]kvXpX \miw C∂pw XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. C{km-bo-en\pw tPm¿Zm-\n\panS-bn-ep≈ Nmhp-I-S¬ (Dead Sea) F∂-dn-bs - ∏-Sp∂ XSmIw ktZmw Kmtamdm \miØns‚ _m°n-]-{Xhpw kzh¿K-c-Xn-s°-Xn-cmb ssZhn-I-ZrjvSm-¥hpambn \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. kap-{Z-\n-c-∏n¬ \n∂pw 422 ao‰¿ (1385 ASn) XmgvN-bn-ep≈ Nmhp-I-S¬Xoc-amWv Icbnse G‰hpw XmgvN-bp≈ `q{]-tZ-iw. 378 ao‰¿ Bghpw 67 Intem-ao-‰¿ \ofhpw 18 Intem-ao-‰¿ hoXn-bp-ap≈ Nmhp-I-SemWv temI-Ønse G‰hpw Bg-ap≈ -a-lme-hW XmSmIw (hypersaline lake). kap-{Z-P-e-Øns‚ 8.6 Cc-´n-bmWv CXnse Pe- Ø ns‚ eh- W - X zw. (6) AXp- s Im- ≠ p- X s∂ Pohs‚ bmsXmcp _mly-e-£-Whpw {]kvXpX Pe-Øn-\I-Øn√. Db¿∂ eh-W-Xz-ap≈ Pe-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂ Nne- Xcw _mIvSo-cn-b-I-fpw, ^wK-kp-Ifpw hfsc sNdnb tXmXn¬ Cu Pe-Øn-ep-s≠∂v I≠p-]n-Sn-°-s∏-´n-´p-s≠¶nepw sNSn-Itfm a¬ky-ßtfm ]mb¬t]m-ep≈ ImWmhp∂ ssPhn-I-h-kvXp-°tfm H∂pw Xs∂ CXn-en-√; AXpsIm-≠p-Xs - ∂-bm-Wt√m CXn\p Nmhp-IS- ¬ F∂- t]-cp-≠mb-Xv. {]P-\-\-Øn\pw kvt\l-Øn\pw kam-[m\]-c-amb kl-h¿ØnXz-Øn\pw th≠n k¿th-iz-c≥ \n›-bn®

°pIbpw sNbvXp. \nco£n®v a\ nem°p∂h¿°v Xo¿®bmbpw AXn¬ ]e ZrjvSm¥ßfpap≠vv. Xo¿®bmbpw AXv (B cmPyw) (C∂pw) \ne\n∂v hcp∂ Hcp ]mXbnemWv kvYn-XnsNøp∂Xv. Xo¿®bmbpw AXn¬ hnizmknIƒ°v Hcp ZrjvSm¥ap≠vv.'' (15:61-˛77) ""\mw AhcpsS ta¬ Hcp Xcw ag h¿jn∏n°pIbpw sNbvXp. At∏mƒ B Ip‰hmfnIfpsS ]cyhkm\w Fßs\bmbncp∂psh∂v t\m°pI.'' (7:84) ""eqØns‚ P\X ssZhZqX≥amsc \ntj[n®p X≈n. AhcpsS ktlmZc≥ eqØvv AhtcmSv ]d™ kµ¿`w: \n߃ kq£vaX ]men°p∂nt√? Xo¿®bmbpw Rm≥ \n߃°v hnizkvX\mb Hcp ZqX\mIp∂p. AXn\m¬ \n߃ A√mlpsh kq£n°pIbpw, Fs∂ A\pkcn°pIbpw sNøphn≥. CXns‚ t]cn¬ \nßtfmSv Rm≥ bmsXmcp {]Xn^ehpw tNmZn°p∂n√. F\n°p≈ {]Xn^ew temIc£nXmhn¶¬ \n∂v am{XamIp∂p. \n߃ temIcn¬ \n∂v BWpßfpsS ASp°¬ sN√pIbmtWm? \nßfpsS c£nXmhv \n߃°v th≠n krjvSn®p X∂n´p≈ \nß-fpsS CWIsf hn´pIfbpIbpamtWm? A√, \n߃ AXn{IaImcnIfmb Hcp P\X Xs∂. Ah¿ ]d™p: eqtØ, \o (CXn¬ \n∂v) hncan®ns√¶n¬ Xo¿®bmbpw \o (\m´n¬ \n∂v) ]pdØm°s∏Sp∂hcpsS Iq´Ønembncn°pw. At±lw ]d™p: Xo¿®bmbpw Rm≥ \nßfpsS {]hrØnsb shdp°p∂hcpsS Iq´ØnemIp∂p. At±lw {]m¿Yn®p: Fs‚ c£nXmth, Fs∂bpw Fs‚ IpSpw_tØbpw Ch¿ {]h¿Øn®p sIm≠ncn°p∂Xn¬ \n∂v \o c£s∏SptØWta. At∏mƒ At±lsØbpw At±lØns‚ IpSpw_tØbpw apgph≥ \mw c£s∏SpØn. ]n≥amdn \n∂hcn¬ Hcp Inghn HgnsI. ]n∂oSv a‰p≈hsc \mw XI¿ØpIf™p. AhcpsS ta¬ \mw Hcp Xcw ag h¿jn∏n°pIbpw sNbvXp. Xm°oXv \¬Is∏´h¿°v e`n® B ag F{X tamiw! Xo¿®bmbpw AXn¬ (a\pjy¿°v) Hcp ZrjvSm¥ap≠v. 2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

24

kv{Xo]p-cpj CW-I-fpsS ]mc-kv]-cyhpw IpSpw-_-hp-sa∂ hyh-ÿn-Xnsb sh√p-hn-fn-®p-sIm≠v {]Ir-Xn-hn-cp-≤a - mb kzh¿K-kwt`m-KsØ am\y-h¬°-cn-°pIbpw kmaq-ly-[¿Ω-ambn kzoI-cn-°pIbpw sNbvX-h¿ Pohn® ÿe-ß-fn¬ Poh-e-£-W-ß-sfm∂pw th≠ F∂ Xocp-am-\n-°-s∏-´-Xm-hmw; CXn¬ \n∂v ]mTw Dƒs°m-≈m≥ a\p-jy¿s°√mw km[n-t°-≠X - m-Wv. Jp¿-B\ - ns‚ {]Ya kwt_m-[n-X-cmbh¿ hym]m-c-bm-{X-Iƒ \S-Øn-bn-cp∂ ]mX-°c - n-In-ep≈ ktZmw sKmtamdbn¬ \n∂v ]mTw Dƒs°-≈W - sa∂ Jp¿-B\ - nI\n¿tZiw Gsd {it≤b-am-Wv. ""Aßs\ kqtcymZbtØmsS B tLmci_vZw Ahsc ]nSnIqSn. Aßs\ B cmPysØ \mw XeIogmbn adn°pIbpw, Np´p]gpØ CjvSnI°√pIƒ AhcpsS ta¬ \mw h¿jn°pIbpw sNbvXp. \nco£n®v a\ nem°p∂h¿°v Xo¿®bmbpw AXn¬ ]e ZrjvSm¥ßfp≠v . Xo¿®bmbpw AXv (B cmPyw) (C∂pw) \ne\n∂v hcp∂ Hcp ]mXbnemWv kvYnXnsNøp∂Xv. Xo¿®bmbpw AXn¬ hnizmknIƒ°v Hcp ZrjvSm¥ap≠vv.'' (15:73-˛77) Nmhp-IS-en\p Np‰p-ap≈ {]tZ-i߃ AhnsS ktZmw sKmtamd XpS-ßnb \K- c - ß - ƒ \ne- \ n- ∂ n- c p∂p F∂Xns‚ bmsXmcp hn[ em©-\I - fpw \ne\n¬°mØ cq]-Øn-emWv C∂p-≈-Xv. F∂m¬ ktZmw sKtamd XpS-ßnb \Kc-߃ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂psh∂p Xs∂-bmWv AhnsS \S∂ D¬J\\ Kth-j-W߃ hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xv. {_n´ojv `ua-Kth-j-I-\mb tUm: {Klmw lmcn-kns‚ C∆n-j-b-I-amb Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ 2001 BKkvXv 18s‚ _n._n.kn dnt∏m¿´v sNbvXn-cp-∂p.(7) {]Ir-Xn-P-\y-amb Io¬ (asphalt) hym]mcw \S-Øn-b-h-cm-bncp∂p NmhpI--S-en\p Np‰pw Pohn-®n-cp-∂h¿ F∂mWv At±-l-Øns‚ \nK-a-\w. Nmhp-IS-- -en-\-Sp-Øp≈ `qh¬°w hfsctbsd temehpw `qan-bpsS {][m-\-s∏´ c≠v sSIvtSm-WnIv ^e-I-߃ (techtonic plates) IqSn-tbm-Pn-°p∂ ÿe-hpam-Wv. Nmhp-I-S¬-Øoc-Øn-\-Sn-bnse aossY≥ \nt£-]-߃ `qan-Ip-ep°w hgn IØn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw AXp-hgn XdbmsI aW¬°q-\-bmbnØocp-Ibpw ktZmw sKmtamd \K-c-߃ Pe-Øn-\-

Sn-bn¬ apßp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn°msa∂mWv {Klmw lmcn-kns‚ ]£w. Imw{_nUvPv k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bn¬ sh®v kwL-Sn--∏n-°-s∏´ ]co-£-W-߃ At±l-Øns‚ \nco-£-W-ßsf kXy-s∏-SpØp-∂-Xm-sW∂v _n.-_n.kn teJ-I≥ Fgp-Xp-∂p-≠v. ktZmw sKmtamd \K-c߃ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw Ah \in∏n- ° - s - ∏ - ´ n- ´ p- s ≠∂pw kΩ- X n- ° p∂ Kth-j-I-∑m¿, ]s£ CXv kw`-hn-®Xv {]Ir-Xn-]-c-amb Imc-W-Øm-em-bn-cp-∂psh∂pw ssZh-tIm-]Ø - m-es - √∂pw ka¿Yn®v kwXr-]vXn-b-S-bp-I-bmWv sNøp-∂Xv. \nc-h[n sSIvtSm-WnIv ^e-I-߃ D≠m-bn´pw B {]tZ-iØp am{Xw B {]tXyI ka-bØv ^e-Iß - f - psS \o°hpw AtXm-S-\p-_-‘n®v `qan-bn-sehnsSbpw C√mØ cq]-Øn-ep≈ \mihpw Fßs\bp≠mbnsb∂ tNmZy-Øn\p apºn¬ sIm™\wIpØp-I-b-√msX a‰p - a m¿K- ß - s fm∂pw Kth- j - I- c psS

2009 K-k v-Xw-v- _¿- 2525 2009Bsk]v-X

ssIhian√. Jp¿-B≥ ]d-™X - p-Xs - ∂bmWv bYm¿Yyw F∂v D¬J-\\ Kthj-W-߃ hy‡-am-°p-I-bmWv sNøp∂-Xv. ""Aßs\ \ΩpsS I¬]\ h∂t∏mƒ B cmPysØ \mw Iogvta¬ adn°pIbpw, A´nb´nbmbn Nqfsh® CjvSnI°√pIƒ \mw AhcpsS ta¬ h¿jn°pIbpw sNbvXp. \ns‚ c£nXmhns‚ ASp°¬ ASbmfw sh°s∏´hbs{X (B I√pIƒ) AXv Cu A{IanIfn¬ \n∂v AIseb√.'' (11:82,83) ""]n∂oSv a‰p≈hsc \mw XI¿-ØpIf™p. AhcpsS ta¬ \mw Hcp Xcw ag h¿jn∏n°pIbpw sNbvXp. Xm-°oXv \¬Is∏´h¿°v e`n® B ag F{X tamiw! Xo¿®bmbpw AXn¬ (a\p-jy¿°v) Hcp ZrjvSm¥ap≠v. F∂m¬ Ahcn¬ A[nIt]cpw hnizkn°p∂hcmbn√.'' (26:172-˛174) hnip-≤hpw im¥n-Zm-b-I-amb IpSpw-

_-kw-hn-[m-\-Øn-\-IsØ ssewb-Xns‚ cmjv{So-b-amb Imc-WKnIX°p-]-Icw \oNhpw \nIr߃ am{Xta Imcy-ambn A]-{Kjv S - h p- a mb kzh¿K- k w- t `m- K Yn-°s - ∏-´n-´p-≈q. ssewKn-Is - sh-IrØns‚ ]mX Xnc- s ™- S p- Ø X-ßsf am\y-h¬-°cn-°p∂ kaqh¿°v k¿∆- i - ‡ ≥ \¬Inb l-߃s°m∂pw h√msX Bbpin£bpsS Ah- i n- j vS- a mWv  p-≠m-bn-´n-s√∂ hkvXpX Xs∂NmhpI-S¬. AsXmcp ZrjvSm-¥a - mbmWv \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS Hu∂-XyWv. {]Ir-Xn-hn-cp-≤-ssew-Kn-IX Øn¬ \n∂n-cp∂ {Kokns‚ ]XPoh-¬kv]¿i-ta¬-°mØ imco\hpw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ ]mT-ß-fn-semcnI{Inb -am-{X-am-sW∂v ]Tn-∏n∂v. °p∂ ZrjvSm-¥w. kzh¿K-c-Xn{InkvXp-hn\p apºv 172 apX¬ °m-cmb P\-Xsb \in-∏n-°m≥ 168 hsc h¿j- ß - ƒ °n- S - b n¬ t]mIp- I - b m- s W∂ hm¿Ø- b p\S∂ amkn- t Um- W n- b ≥ bp≤ambn h∂ ae- ° p- I ƒ eqØv tØm-sS-bmWv {Ko°ns‚ `mK-ß\_n(-A)tbmSv ]d-™X - mbn Jp¿fn¬ NneXv tdmam-km-{am-PyØnB≥ hnh-cn-°p-∂Xv ImWpI. s‚ A[o-\-X-bn-em-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xv. ""Cu \m´pImcpsS ta¬ Ah¿ _n.kn 146 Bbt∏mtg°pw GXmsNbvXpsIm≠ncp∂ A[¿ΩØn≠v F√m {][m-\-s∏´ {Ko°v \Ks‚ ^eambn BImiØp \n∂v c-ßfpw tdma-°m-cpsS ssIh-i-amR߃ Hcp in£ Cd°p∂Xmbn-Øo¿∂p. kzh¿K-c-Xn-sbbpw Wv. Xo¿®bmbpw AXn¬ Nn¥nkam-\-ssh-Ir-X-ß-tfbpw shdp°p∂ BfpIƒ°v hyIvXamb Ø-h-cm-bn-cp∂p tdma-°m¿. AXnHcp ZrjvSm¥w \mw Ahtijn∏ns\-Xn-sc-bp≈ i‡-amb \nb-a®n´p≠v.'' (29:34,35) ßfpw tdman¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p.(9) ssewKn-I sshIr-X-߃s°-XnNmhp-I-Sepw ]cn-kc{]tZ-issewKnI sshIrX ß ƒs°X nsc sc i‡-amb \nb-a-\-S-]-Sn-Iƒ ßfpw hen-sbmcp ZrjvSm-¥amWv; \n¿tZ-in-°p∂ "seIvkv kvIm‚ni‡-amb \nb-a-\-S-]-Sn-Iƒ \n¿tZ{]Ir-Xn-hn-cp≤ssewKn-IX F{X\nb' (Lex Scantinia) \S-∏m-°-s∏tØmfw Duj-chpw \io-I-c-Wmin-°p∂ "seIvkv kvIm‚n-\nb' ´Xv {InkvXp-hn\v apºv 149mw h¿flIhp-am-sW∂v hy‡-am-°p∂ \S∏ m° s ∏´ Xv {Inkv X ph n\v apºv jw apX¬°mWv. kzX-{¥-cm-bZrjvSm-¥w! h¿ \S-Øp∂ kzh¿K-c-Xnbpw 149mw h¿jw apX¬°mWv. kzX-{¥{]Ir- X n- h n- c p≤cXn- ° m¿°phy`n-Nm-c-hp-sa√mw h[in£ A¿≠mb \mi-Øn¬ \n∂v ]mT-sacm-b-h¿ \S-Øp∂ kzh¿K-c-Xnbpw ln-°p∂ Ip‰-amsW∂mWv Cu t∂mWw F√m -Im-eØpw F√mhy`n-Nm-c-hp-sa√mw h[in£ A¿\nbaw ]d-bp-∂-Xv. kzh¿Kt`mKnk-aq-l-Ønepw Cu sshIrXØnIsf ]c-ky-ambn ASn-®p-sIm-√W - ln- ° p∂ Ip‰- a msW∂mWv Cu s\-Xnsc-bp≈ \nb-a-߃ \ne-\nsa∂ \nbaw hsc tdman¬ \ne∂n-cp-∂p. ]pcm-X-\- {Kokv CXn\v \nbaw ]d-bp-∂-Xv. \n-∂n-cp-∂p.(10) A]hmZ-am-sW-∂mWv ]d-b-s∏-Spkzh¿K-c-Xn-s°Xn-cmb i‡∂-Xv. B¿°m-bnIv Imew (archaic amb \nba-߃ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p period) F∂-dn-bs - ∏-Sp∂, {InkvXphn\v 650 h¿jw apX¬ 480 h¿jw hsc sc√mw kzh¿K-c-Xnsb \ymbo-I-cn-°p- C{km-bo¬ kap-Zm-b-Ønepw \ne-\n-∂n\o≠p-\n¬°p∂ Ime-L´Øn¬ Xs∂ Ibpw Xß-fpsS ssewKn-Im-`n-\n-th-i- cp-∂-Xv. kzh¿K-cXn tæ—-am-sW-∂mWv - v. AhnsS hym]-I-amb cq]-Øn¬ kzh¿- ambn AXns\ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn- ss__nƒ ]gb\nbaw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂X Kkvt\lhpw cXnbpw \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂ph- cp-∂p-sh∂pw ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. kzh¿K""Rm\mWv I¿Ømhv. kvXotbmSp- sf AwKot{X!(8) Iuam-c-{]m-b-Øn-se-Ønb B¨- cXnsbt]m-ep≈ sshIr-Xß IqsSsb∂-Xp-t]mse ]pcp-j-t\mSp IqIp-´n-I-fp-ambn {]mb-am-b-h¿ \S-Øn-bn- I-cn-°p-Ibpw am\y-h¬-°-cn-°p-Ibpw sS \o ibn-°-cp-Xv. AXp tæO-X-bm-Ipcp∂ ssewKn-I-_-‘-amb Iuamc kzh- sNbvX-Xn\v tijw kl-{km-_vZ-ß- ∂p.'' (tehy 18:22) ¿K-cXn (Pederasty)bmbn-cp∂p AhnsS fmbn Xe-bpb¿Øn \n∂n-cp∂ {Ko°v kzh¿K-t`m-Kn-Iƒ°v ac-W-in-£- mWv hym]-Ia - mbn \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂s - X∂v ]pcm- \mK-cn-IX \mi-Øn-te°v IpXn-®X bmWv \¬tI-≠-sX-∂mWv tXmd-bnse X\ {Ko°v Nn{X-ßfpw enJn-X-ßfpw Ncn{Xw \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. imkv{X\nbaw hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v. {]kn-≤c - mb tkm{I- km-t¶-XnI cwK-ß-fn¬ A°m-e-L-´""c‡w Ah-cpsS ta¬ Bb-nc - n- ° - s - ´, ´o-kv, πmt‰m, Ivknt\mt^m¨, Ae- Ønse AXnImb-cm-bn-cp∂n´pw {Ko°v Iv k m- ≠ ¿ N{I- h ¿Øn XpS- ß n- b - h - kwkvImcw XI¿®-bpsS ]Sn-I-fn-d-ßn- Hcph≥ kv{Xotbm-Sp-IqsS F∂-t]mse 2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

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]pcp-j-t\mSp IqsS ibn-®m¬ Ccp-hcpw lo\-amb {]hrØn-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. Ahsc h[n-°-Ww.''(tehy: 20:13) kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-I-X°v i‡-amb in£- X-s∂-bm-bn-cp∂p C¥y-bnepw \ne\n-∂n-cp-∂-Xv. I\y-I-bp-ambn kzh¿-K-c-Xn-bn-te¿s∏-´Xv I\y-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Ccp\qdv ]Ww ]ng-bmbn hmßp-Ibpw ]Øv Nm´-hm-dSn \¬Ip-Ibpw sNø-W-sa∂v \njvI¿jn-°p∂ a\p-kvarXn CXv sNbvXXv hnhm-ln-Xb - m-sW-¶n¬ Ah-cpsS c≠phn-c-e-p-Iƒ tOZn-°p-Ibpw Xe-sam-´-b-Sn®v Igp-X-∏-p-d-Øn-cpØn cmP-ho-Yn-bn-eqsS \S-Ø-W-sa∂pw IqSn I¬∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. ""Iss\yh I\ymw bm Ipcym-Ø-kymx kymZzn-itXm Zax ip¬°w N ZznKpWw ZZym-—n-^mss› hm]v\p-bm-±i bm Xp I\ymw {]Ip-cymXv kv{Xo kmktZym aufiya¿lXn AwKp-teym-tch hm t—Zw Jtc-tWm-Zz-l\w XYm'' ""Hcp I\y-I Xs∂ as‰mcp I\y-I-sb ta¬∏-d™ coXn-bn¬ Zpjn-∏n-®m¬

imkv{X-km-t¶-XnI cwK-ß-fn¬ AXnImb-cm-bn-cp∂ {Ko°v kwkvImcw XI¿®-bpsS ]Sn-I-fn-d-ßn-b-Xns‚ cmjv{So-bamb Imc-Wß - ƒ am{Xta Imcy-ambn A]-{K-Yn-°s - ∏-´n-´p-≈q. ssewKn- I - s sh- I r- X - ß sf am\y- h ¬- ° cn- ° p∂ kaq- l ߃s°m∂pw h√msX Bbp- p-≠m-bn-´n-s√∂ hkvXpX Xs∂-bmWv \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS Hu∂-Xy-Øn¬ \n∂n-cp∂ {Kokns‚ ]X-\hpw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ ]mT-ß-fn-sem-∂v.

200 ]Ww ]ng sImSp-°-Ww. Ahƒ Zp-jn-∏n-°-s∏´ I\y-IbpsS ]nXm-hn\v I\ymievI-Øns‚ Cc-´n-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bpw Nm´tbm Nqc-tem sIm≠v ]ØSn sIm≈pIbpw thWw. Hcp I\y-Isb Zpjn-∏n-°p-∂Xp kv-{Xo-bm-sW-¶n¬ Ah¿ DS≥Xs∂ intcm-apfi-\tam kml-N-cy-a-\p-k-cn®v c≠w-Kp-en-I-fpsS tOZ-\tam A¿ln-°p-∂p. AXpt]mse Xs∂ B kv{Xosb Igp-X-∏p-d-Øp Ib‰n cmP-ho-Yn-bn-eqsS k©-cn-∏n°p-I-bpw thWw.'' (a\p-kvarXn 8:369,370) kzh¿K-t`m-KØ - n-te¿s∏-Sp∂ ]pcp-j∑ - m¿ PmXn-{`-jvSc - mbn IW-°m-°s - ∏-Spsa∂mWv a\p-\nbaw. PmXn-{`jvS-cm-bn-Øo¿∂-h¿ A\p-`-hn-t°≠n hcp∂ IjvS-XIƒ ]cn-K-Wn-®m¬ CsXmcp ITn-\-amb in£- X-s∂-bmsW∂v a\- n-em-°mw. ""{_mlvaWky cpPx-IrXzm {LmXn-c- t{Lb aZytbmx ssP“yw N ssaYp\w ]pwkn PmXn- {`w-i-Icw kvarXw'' ""{_m“Ws\(XmU-\m-Zn-bm¬) ]oUn-∏n-°p-I. At{L-b-ß-fmb (aW-°m≥ ]mSn-√mØ) D≈n Ata≤yw apX-em-b-hbpw aZyhpw aW-∏n-°p-I, h{I-X, ]pcp-j∑m-cp-ambn {]Ir-Xn-hn-cp-≤s - sa-Yp-\w F∂nh PmXn-{`w-iI - c - a - mb ]mX-Ia - m-Wv.'' (a\pkvarXn 11:68) ss__nƒ ]pXn-b\ - n-ba - Ø - nepw kzh¿K-cX - nsb hna¿in-°p-Ibpw AXv Xn∑bpw kz¿K-Øn¬ \n∂v AI-‰p∂ {]h¿Ø-\-hp-am-sW∂v hy‡-am-°p-I-bpw sNøp-∂p≠v. ]utemkv Fgp-Xp-∂-Xv ImWp-I. ""A\oXn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂h¿ ssZh-cmPyw Ah-Im-ia - m-°p-Ib - n√ F∂p \n-߃ Adn-bp-∂nt√! \n߃ h©n-X-cm-I-cp-Xv. Ak-∑m¿§n-Ifpw hn{K-lm-cm-[I-cpw hy`nNm-cn-Ifpw kzh¿K-t`m-Kn-Ifpw I≈-∑mcpw AXym-{K-ln-Ifpw aZy-]∑m-cpw ]c-Zq-jIcpw Ih¿®-°mcpw ssZh-cmPyw Ah-Im-i-am-°p-I-bn-√. \nß-fn¬ Nne¿ CØ-c°m-cm-bn-cp-∂p.'' (sImcn-¥y¿ 6:9˛10-) 2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

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""AXp-sIm≠v ssZhw Ahsc XßfpsS t`mKm-k‡ - n-It- fm-Sp-IqsS ico-c߃ ]c-kv]cw A]-am-\n-X-am-°p-∂-Xn\v Aip-≤n°v hn´p-sIm-Sp-Øp. Fs¥-∂m¬, Ah¿ ssZh-Øns‚ kXyw Dt]£n®v hymPw kzoI-cn-®p. Ah¿ {kjvSmhn-ep-ap-]cn krjvSnsb Bcm-[n-°p-Ibpw tkhn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ahn-Sp∂v Ft∂°pw hmgvØ-s∏-´-h-\mWv, Bta≥. A°m-c-W-Øm¬ ssZhw Ahsc \nµyamb hnIm-c-߃°p hn´p-sIm-Sp-Øp. Ah-cpsS kv{XoI-ƒ kzm`m-hn-I-_-‘߃°p ]Icw {]Ir-Xn-hn-cp-≤_ - ‘ - ß - fn-te¿s∏-´p. AXp-t]mse ]pcp-j-∑m¿ kv{XoI-fp-am-bp≈ kzm`m-hnI _‘w Dt]-£n-°p-Ibpw ]c-kv]c - m-k‡ - n-bn¬ Pzen®v At\ym\yw e÷m-I-c-Ir-Xy-ßfn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xß-fpsS sX‰n\v A¿l-amb in£ Ah¿°v e`n®p. ssZhsØ AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂Xv t]mcm-bva-bmbn Ah¿ Icp-Xn-bXp \nanØw A[-a-hn-Im-c-Øn\pw A\p-NnX {]hrØn-Iƒ°pw ssZhw Ahsc hn´p-sImSp- Ø p. Ah¿ F√m Xc- Ø n- e p- a p≈ A\o-Xnbpw ZpjvSX - bpw AXym-{K-lhpw Xn∑bpw \nd-™-h-cm-Wv. Akqb, sIme-]m-XI - w, Gj-Wn, Ie-lw, h©\, ]ct{Zmlw F∂n-h-bn¬ Ah¿ apgp-Ip-∂p. Ah¿ ]c-Zq-j-Icpw ssZh-\n-µ-Icpw [n°m-cn-Ifpw K¿hn-jvTcpw s]mß-®-°mcpw Xn∑-Iƒ Bkq-{XWw sNøp-∂h - cpw amXm-]n-Xm-°sf A\p-k-cn°mØhcpw _p≤n-lo-\cpw Ahn-iz-kvXcpw lrZ-biq-\ycpw Icp-W-bn-√m-Ø-hcpw BbnØo¿∂p. CØcw IrXy-߃ sNøp-∂h¿ ac-Wm¿l-cmWv F∂ ssZh-I¬]\ Adn-™n-cp-∂n´pw Ah¿ Ah sNøp-∂p; am{X-a√ Aßs\ sNøp-∂-hsc AwKoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.'' (tdma-°m¿ 1:24˛32) ""DNn-X-ambn ssIImcyw sNøp-s∂¶n¬ \nbaw \√-Xm-sW∂p \ap-°-dnbmw. \nbaw \n¿an-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xp \oXn-am≥am¿°p-th-≠n-b√, adn®v \nba-\n-tj-[-I¿, A\p-k-c-W-an-√m-Ø-h¿, ]m]n-Iƒ, hnip-≤n-bn-√m-Ø-h¿, euInI¿, ]nXm-hn-s\tbm amXm-hn-s\tbm a‰p a\p-jy-sctbm h[n-°p-∂-h¿, Akm≥am¿Kn-Iƒ, kzh¿K-t`m-Kn-Iƒ, Bfp-Isf A]-lc - n®p sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂h - ¿, \pWb¿, Ak- X y- h m- Z n- I ƒ F∂n- h ¿°p th≠nbpw kXy-{]-t_m-[-\-Øn\p hncp-

≤-amb F√m-‰n\pw th≠n-bp-am-Wv.''(1 Xntam-Øn-tbmkv 1:8˛10-) ktZmw- K-tam-d-bnse \mi-Øn¬ \n∂v Dƒs°m≈W-sa∂v bqZm D]-tZ-in°p-∂p. ""AXp-t]mseØs∂ tkmtZman-s\bpw sKmtam-sd-sbbpw Ahsb A\p-I-cn®v t`mKm-k-‡n-bnepw hy`n-Nmc-Ønepw apgpInb Np‰p-ap≈ ]´-W-ßsfbpw \nXym-·n-bpsS in£°v hnt[b-am-°n Ahn-Sp∂v F√m-h¿°pw ZrjvSm¥w \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p. kz]v\-ß-fn¬ \na-·-\m-bn-cn-°p∂ Cu a\p-jy¿ ico-csØ Aip-≤-am-°pIbpw A[n-Im-csØ X≈n-∏-d-bp-Ibpw aln-a-b-Wn-™-hsc \nµn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.'' (bqZm 7,8) BZy-Ime k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑m-sc√mw

kzh¿K-c-Xnsb hna¿in-°p-Ibpw AXv Xn∑-bm-sW∂v Du∂n-∏-d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. sk‚ v PÃn≥ am¿´n-b¿, AeIvkm-{≠n-b-bnse s¢a‚ v, sX¿Øp-ey≥, bqkn-_n-b-kv, lnt∏m-bnse sk‚ v AK-Ãn≥ XpS-ßn-b-h-sc√mw kzh¿K-cXnsb i‡- a mbn hna¿i- ® - h - c m- W v . {]kn-≤-\mb sk‚ v tXmakv AIzn-\mkm-Is´ Xs‚ "kpΩ Xntbm-f-Pn°'bn¬ kzh¿K-c-Xn-bmWv ssewKn-I-amb ]m]-ßf - n¬ G‰hpw amc-Ia - m-bXv F∂mWv ka¿Yn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.(11) ss__nfpw BZy-Ime k`m-]n-Xm-°∑m-cp-sa√mw kzh¿K-c-Xnsb X≈n]d™n-´p-s≠-¶nepw a‰p [m¿an-I-cw-K-ß-fnse∂ t]mse Cu cwK-Øp-ap≈ Ab™ kao-]\w aqew {InkvXy≥ `qcn-]£ {]tZ-i-ß-fn-emWv kzh¿Km-\p-cm-K-

2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

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Øn-\m-\p-Iq-e-amb ]cky \ne-]m-Sp-IfpsS XpS°w. kzh¿K-c-Xn-°m-tcm-Sp≈ DZm-c-kao-]-\-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ ss{IkvX-h¿°v ap∂n¬ \S-∂Xv blq-Z-∑mcm-Wv. tXmd-bnse kzh¿K-c-Xn-s°-Xncmb \n¿tZ- i - ß ƒ A\p- I q- e - a mbn hymJym-\n-®p-sIm≠v Ah¿ kzh¿K-cX - n°m¿°v ]®- s °m- S n- Im- W n- ° m\pw kzh¿K-hn-hm-l-߃ A\p-h-Zn-°m\pw Bcw-`n-®p. {_n´-\nse en_-d¬ PqX∑m¿ 2003¬ Xs∂ kzh¿K-hn-hmlw AwKo-Ic - n-°p-Ibpw kn\-tKm-Kn¬ sh®v hnhm- l - I ¿a- ß ƒ \S- Ø n- s °m- S p- ° pIbpw sNbvX-Xmbn 2005 s^{_p-hcn 25mw Xnø-Xn-bnse "Zn Km¿Un-b-\n'se Hcp teJ-\Ø - n¬ ImWm-\m-hpw.(12) Atacn-°-bnse Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv PqX-d-∫nbmb Ãoh≥ {Ko≥s_¿Kv kzbw Xs∂ kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-bm-sW∂v {]Jym-]n-°pIbpw Aßs\Xs∂ XpS¿∂p-sIm≠v Xm≥ PqX-aX tkh\w \S-Øp-sa∂v Adn-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXXv 199-9emWv. \yqtbm¿°v kn‰n-bn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ "\mj-W¬ Pyqbnkv sk‚¿ t^m¿ teWnwKv B‚ v eoU¿jn∏v'se ko\nb¿ A[ym-]I - \ - mWv {Ko≥_¿Kv. kzh¿Km-\p-cm-KØ - n-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈ tXmd-bnse hN-\-߃ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°nbn--SØv kw`-hn® ]mfn-®-I-fmWv AXns\-Xnscbp≈ blqZ \ne-]m-Sn\p ImcW-sa∂pw a[y-Im-eØv PqX-∑m¿°n-Sbn¬ kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-IX \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂p F∂-Xn\v A°m-esØ Ah-cpsS kmln-Xy-߃ sXfn-hm-sW∂pw F∂m¬ Hcn-°¬ t]mepw kzh¿K-cX - n-°m¿°v h[-in£ \¬In-b-Xmbn sXfn-shm∂pan-s√∂pw ÿm]n-®p-sIm≠v At±lw Fgp-Xnb "ssZhhpw a\p-jy-\p-am-bp≈ a¬∏n-SpØw; blqZ]mc-º-cy-Ønse kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-IX' F∂ {KŸ-amWv 2005se G‰hpw \√ PqX Zm¿i-\nI {KŸ-Øn-\p≈ tImsdØv ^ut≠-j≥ Ahm¿Un\v A¿l-am-b-Xv.(13) C{k-boense htbm-[n-I\ - mb bqZ-d∫ - nbpw tXmdm -]-WvUn-X\pw PqX -\n-bahnim-Z-c-\pamb d∫n tbmk^v jmtemw Fen-tbmjo-hp-ambn Xm≥ \S-Ønb IqSn-°m-gvNbn¬ kzh¿K-cXn N¿®m-hn-j-b-am-sW∂pw At±lw AXn\v kΩ-Xn-®p-sh-∂pamWv Ãoh≥ {Ko≥s_¿Kv Fgp-Xp-∂-Xv. ""Ft∂m--sSm-∏w Ign-™n-cp∂ kl-]m-TnI-tfmSv F\n-°p -tXm-∂p∂ ASp-∏sØ Ipdn®v Adn-bm-\p≈ BImw-£-bp-ambn

Pdp-kt- e-anse G‰hpa[nIw AXn-bm-YmkvXn-Ic - mb kaq-lß - ƒ°n-Sb - n¬ H‰-s∏´v Pohn-°p∂ ⁄m\n-bmb dhv tbmk^v jmtemw Fen-bm-Kq-hns‚ ASp-°¬ Rms\-Øn. tamiw Btcm-Ky-ÿn-Xn-bnem-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw At±lw kµ¿i-Isc kzoI-cn-°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ""]pcp-j-∑mcpw kv{XoIfpw Fs∂ BI¿jn-°p-∂p≠v, {]t`m, Rs\¥v sNøWw?'' B kabØv F\n°p kXy-ambn tXm∂nb Imcy-w Rm≥ lo{_p-hn¬ tNmZn-®p. A-t±lw adp-]Sn ]d-™p. ""{]nb kplr-tØ, Xm¶ƒ°v kvt\ln-°p-hm-\p≈ Cc´n i‡n-bp≠v. AXv kq£n®v D]-tbm-Kn°p-I.'' Rm≥ sR´n-t∏mbn. IqSp-X¬ {]Xo-£n-®p-sIm≠v Rm≥ A¬]-t\cw

fpw AhnsS \ne-\n¬°p-∂n-s√-∂ Ahÿ-bm-Wp-≈-Xv. Dkn Ch≥, AanXv Ima F∂o tK Zº-Xn-Iƒ ZsØ-SpØ tbmkn-sb∂ ap∏-Xp-Im-c\v F√m-hn[ ]p{Xm-\p-Iq-ey-ß-fp-ap-s≠∂ 2009 am¿®v 9s‚ sS¬ Ahohv IpSpw-_t- Im-SX - n-bpsS hn[nbpw(17)-IqSn h∂p Ign-™-tXmsS km[m-cW hnhm-lhpw kzh¿K-hn-hmlhpw XΩn¬ bmsXmcphn[ hyXym-khp-an-s√∂ ÿnXnbpw kwPm-X-am-bn. kzh¿K-c-Xn°v ac-W-in£ hn[n-°p∂ tXmd-b-√, blq-Z-∑m¿°v kpJn-®m-kz-Zn°phm\pw Np‰p-ap-≈-hsc \in-∏n-°p-hm\p-amhiy-amb X{¥-߃ sa\-bp∂ kb-Wn-k-Øns‚ krKm-e-_p-≤n-bmWv C{km-bo-ens‚ [m¿an-IX \n›-bn-°p-

kz¿K-cmPyw Ah-Im-i-am-°p-I-bn-s√∂v ]utemkv BWbn -´v ]d™ Xn∑-I-fmb hn{K-lm-cm-[-\bpw, ]en-i-bpw, aZy]m\-hp-sa√mw \∑-I-fm°n-Øo¿Ø ss{IkvXhk`bpsS kzm`m-hnI ]mX Xs∂-bmWv kzh¿K-c-Xn-bpsS Imcy-Ønepw]n¥pS-c-s∏Sp∂-sX-∂mWv ss{IkvX-h-tem-IØv Db¿∂p tIƒ-°p∂ kzc-ßfpw Ne-\-ßfpw hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xv.

Ccp-∂p. ""CtXbp≈q?'' \ni-_Zv a - mb CSth-f-°p tijw Rm≥ tNmZn®p: At±lw ]p©n-cn-®p-sIm≠v adp-]Sn ]d™p ""A{X-tb-bp≈q! IqSp-X-embn bmsXm∂pw ]d-bp-hm-\n-√.''(14) CØcw d∫n-am¿ aXw ssIImcyw sNøp- ∂ Xp sIm≠p- X - s ∂- b m- h - W w, kzh¿K- { ]- W - b n- I fpsS Ata- c n- ° ≥ sse^v s sì amkn- I - b mb "Hu´v ' C{km-bo¬ Xe-ÿm-\-amb sS¬ Ahohns\ "a[y ]uc-kvXy-tZ-isØ kzh¿K{]-Wbo Xe-ÿm\w' (the gay capital of the Middle East) F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-®X - v.(15) kzh¿Km-\p-cm-K-tØbpw kzh¿K-hn-hml-sØ-bp-sa√mw HutZym-Kn-I-ambn AwKo-Ic - n® BZysØ a[y-]u-ckvXy cmjv{SamWv C{km-bo¬. AhnsS \n∂v Cu Zpxkz-`mhw Ad-_n-\m-Sp-I-fn-te°v Ib‰n- b - b - ° p- ∂ p- s ≠- ∂ mWv hm¿Ø- I ƒ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Ahn,- _n-\ym-ao≥ F∂o kzh¿K-{]-W-bn-I-fpsS hnhmlw AwKo-Ic - n-®p-sIm≠v 2007 P\p-hcn 29s‚ C{km-bo¬ kp{]owtImSXn hn[n(16)-tbmsS C∆n-j-b-I-ambn bsXmcp hne°pI-

∂-sX∂ hkvXp-X-bm-Wn-hnsS hy‡-am°p-∂-Xv. kz¿K-cmPyw Ah-Im-i-am-°p-I-bns√∂v ]utemkv BW-bn´v ]d™ Xn∑-I-fmb hn{K-lm-cm-[-\bpw, ]en-i-bpw, aZy-]m-\-hp-sa√mw \∑-I-fm°n-Øo¿Ø ss{IkvXhk`bpsS kz`m-hnI ]mX Xs∂-bmWv kzh¿K-cX - n-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ ]n¥p-Sc - s - ∏Sp∂-sX-∂mWv ss{IkvXh-tem-IØv Db¿∂p-tIƒ°p∂ kzcßfpw Ne-\-ßfpw hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xv. P¿a-\n-bnse s{]m´- v Chm≥P-enÃv ssZh-im-kv{X-⁄-\mb Pp¿sK≥ tamƒ´vam≥, kzn‰vk¿e≠nse ItØm-enIv ]mXn-cn-bmb lm≥kvIp≠v, N¿®v Hm^v Cw•-≠ns‚ _nj-∏mb tUhnUv FUvhm¿Uv sP≥In≥kv, F]n-kvtIm-]¬ N¿-®v Utbm-knkv Hm^v s\hm¿°ns‚ _nj∏v tPm¨ sj¬_n kvt]m≠v, Bw•n-°¬ ]mXn-cn-bmb tUm¨ Ip]n‰v XpSßn \nc-h[n {InkvXy≥ ]WvUn-X∑m¿ kzh¿K-cX - nbpw {]W-bhpw AwKoI-cn-°Wsa∂v ]c-ky-ambn \ne-]m-sSSp-Ø-h-cm-Wv.(18) 1984se s\mt_¬ k-

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Ωm\ tPXmhpw tI]vSu-Wnse (kuØm{^n-°) Bw•n-°≥ B¿®p _nj∏pamb sUkvsam≥Sv SpSp-hns‚ A`n-{]mb-Øn¬ kzh¿K-c-Xn-°m-tcm-Sp≈ `bw (homophobia) am\-hn-I-X-tbm-Sp≈ Ip‰Ir-Xyhpw h¿W-sh-dn-t]mse A\ym-bhpw FXn¿°-s∏-tS-≠- Xn∑-bpam-Wv.(19) kzh¿K-c-Xnbpw hnhm-l-hp-sa√mw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-ambn ImWp∂ \nc-h[n {InkvXy≥ k`-I-fp-≠v. F]n-kvtIm-∏¬ N¿®v, sat{Sm-t]m-fn-‰¨ IΩyq-Wn‰n N¿®v, bqWn-t‰-dn-b≥ bq\n-th-gvk-enÃv N¿®v, bp-ssW-‰Uv N¿®v Hm^v Im\-U, bpssW-‰Uv N¿®v Hm^v ss{IÃv, bq\n‰n kvIqƒ Hm^v {InkvXym-\n‰n F∂nh kzh¿K-c-Xnbpw hnhm-lhpw Aßs\ H∂n® Zº-Xn-Isf A\p-{K-ln-°epsa√mw sNøp∂ k`-I-fm-Wv. N¿®v Hm^v Cw•-≠ns‚ ]ptcm-ln-X-\mb tUhnUv sP≥In≥kv 2005¬ \S∂ c≠p kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-I-fpsS IqSnt®c-ens\ A\p{K-ln-®Xv Cw•-≠n¬ Gsd hnhmZw krjvSn-®n-cp-∂p. B kzh¿KZº-Xn-am-cn-semcmƒ k`-bnse Hcp hnIm-cn-b-®-\m-bn-cp∂p F∂-XmWv hnhm-ZØ - ns‚ ImX¬.(20) kzh¿K-Z-º-Xn-amsc A\p{K-ln-°pI F∂ sP≥In≥kv XpS-ßn-sh® k{ºZmbw C∂v Cw•-≠n-tebpw Ata-cn-°bn-tebpw a‰p]e bqtdm]y≥ cmPy-ßfn-tebpw \tS ]d™ N¿®p-I-fn¬ \nc¥cw Bh¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ib - m-Wv. 1968 HIvtSm-_¿ 6\v _m]v‰nÃv {]`m-jI-\m-bn-cp∂ tZmbv Untdmbv s]dn temkv B©¬kn¬ ÿm]n® sat{Sm-s]mfn-‰≥ IΩyq-Wn‰n N¿®mWv kzh¿Km-\pcm-Kn-Iƒ°mbn ÿm∏n°-s∏´ BZysØ k`. 23 cmPy-ß-fn¬ C∂v imJ-Ifp≈ Cu k`sb C∂v "thƒUv Iu-¨kn¬ Hm^v N¿®kv' AwKo-Ic - n-®p-´p-≠.v (21) 1985¬ ÿm]n-°-s∏-´ FIyq-sa-\n-°¬ ItØm-enIv N¿®pw kzh¿K-ssew-KnIX AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw kzh¿Km-\p-cmKn-Iƒs°-Xn-sc-bp≈ `b∏mSv C√mbva sNøp-hm-\p-ambn ]cn-{i-an-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ k`-bm-Wv. tK˛-se-kv_n-b≥ hnhml-ßfpw B¨-˛-s]¨ hnhm-l-ß-fp-sa√mw F√mw \ne°pw Hcp-t]m-sebmsW∂pw Xm≥ Xs∂ Ccp-]Xv h¿j߃°n-S-bn¬ Hcp-]mSv kzh¿K-hn-hm-l߃°v Im¿an-IXzw hln-®n-´p-s≠∂pw km[m-cW hnhm-l-Øn-te-Xp -t]m-seXs∂ Ch-bnepw ssZhm-\p-{K-l-hp-aps≠∂Xv Xs‚ A\p-`h]mT-am-sW∂pw

Cu N¿®ns‚ B¿®v _nj∏v tUm: am¿°v Ãoh≥ jndn-emhv 2004 G{]n¬ 16\v Imen-t^m¿Wnb tÉv Akw-ªn- saº¿am¿°pw sk\-‰¿am¿°pw Fgp-Xnb IØn¬ Xpd∂p ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.(22) Ata-cn°-≥ F∏n-kvtIm-]¬ N¿®ns‚ 2004 apX¬°p≈ _nj-∏mb Po≥ tdm_n≥k-WmWv Xms\mcp kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-bmsW∂v {]Jym-]n-®p-sIm≠v ]pd-Øp-h∂ BZysØ _nj-∏v. Xm≥ Ccp-]Xv h¿jambn IqsS-I-gn-™n-cp∂ am¿°v B≥{Uq-hp-ambn 2008 Pq¨ 7\v At±lw HutZym-Kn- I - a - mbn hnhm-ln-X\ - m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp.(23) tdma≥ ItØm-enIv N¿®pw {][m-\s∏´ s{]m´- v k`-Ifpw Akw-ªokv Hm^v tKmUn-s\-t]m-ep≈ s]‚-t°m-ì k`-Ifpw kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-I-Xbpw hnhm-lhpsam∂pw AwKo-Ic - n-®n-´n-s√-¶nepw Ch-bpsS A\p-bm-bn-I-fn¬ kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-I-fp≠v F∂-XmWv hmkvXhw. kzh¿K-hn-hm-lhpw ssewKn-IX - bpw AwKo-Ic - n-°p-hm≥ aSn-®p-\n-∂n-cp∂ ]e k`-Ifpw kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-Iƒ°v k`-bn¬ AwKXzw \¬Ip-hm\pw Bcw-`n-®n-´p≠v. N¿®v Hm^v \k-do≥, Cutè Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv N¿®v, eqY-d≥ N¿®v, satY-UnÃv N¿®v, samdm-hn-b≥ N¿®v,

\yq At∏m-kvX-enIv N¿®v, bq\n-^n-t°j≥ N¿®v F∂n-h-sb√mw kzh¿Km-\pcm-Kn-Iƒ°v k`m-wKXzw \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. IqZm-iI - ƒ hne-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw tdma≥ ItØm-enIv N¿®pw kzh¿Km-\p-cm-KnIƒ°v AwKXzw \¬Ip-hm≥ Bcw-`n-®n´p-s≠-∂mWv C∆n-j-b-I-ambn hn°n-]oUnb teJ\w ]d-bp-∂-Xv.(24) k`-bpsS Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Ft∏mgpw kw`-hn-°p-∂Xv Cßs\-X-s∂-bm-Wv. ss__n-fn¬ hy‡-ambn hne-°p∂ Xn∑-If - n-te°v k`mhn-izm-kn-Iƒ sas√ \S-∂S- p°pw; BZyw k` i‡-ambn hne-°p-Ibpw {]Xn-I-cn°p-Ibpw sNøpw. ]ns∂ sas√ k` \ni_vZa - m-hpw. sas√ sas√ {]kvXpX Xn∑bpsS KpW-t`m-‡m-°-fmbnØocpw k`bpw t\Xr-Xz-hp-sa-√mw. ss__nƒ i‡ambn hne-°n-bXpw "am¿]m-∏-amcm¬ hne-°-s∏-´Xpw aq∂v FIy-sa-\n-°¬ Iu¨kn-ep-Iƒ i‡-ambn \ntj-[n®Xpw _nj-∏p-am-cm¬ FXn¿°-s∏-´-Xpamb ]en-i'(25)bpsS C∂sØ ÿnXn F-¥m-Wv? k`bpw k`m-t\-Xr-Xzhpw k`m-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw bmsXmcp Ad-∏p-an√msX ]eni Xn∂p∂p; Xo‰n-°p∂p; Aßs\ XSn-®p-ho¿°p-∂p. kzh¿Km-\p-cmKsØ Ipdn® k`m-\n-e-]m-Sp-Iƒ°v CtX ]cn-WXn Xs∂-bmWv {]Xo-£n-t°-≠-

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sX-∂mWv CXx]cy-¥-ap≈ k`m-\o-°ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ a\- n-em-hp-I. kzh¿K-ssewKn-IX Xn∑bpw in£n°-s∏-tS≠ Ip‰-IrXyhp-am-sW∂ a\pkvarXn \nb-ahpw AXv kzh¿K-c-Xn-sbb√ {]XypX I\y-II - sf If-¶s - ∏-Sp-Øp∂-Xns\bmWv \ntj-[n-°p-∂-sX∂pw kzh¿K-cX - n-°m-cmb tZho-tZ-h∑ - msc {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ ]pcm-Wß - sf ]pWy-{K-Ÿß-fmbn ]cn-K-Wn-°p∂h¿°v AXv sX‰m-sW∂v ]d-bm-\m-hn-s√∂pw hmZn°p∂ lnµp-{Kq-∏p-I-fp-≠v. "Zn tK B‚ v sekv_n-b≥ sshjvWh Atkm-kn-tbj≥' (GALVA-108) CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Iq´mbvaI - f - n-sem-∂m-Wv.(26) sshZnIkmln-Xyß-fn¬ ImWp∂ "XrXob {]IrXn'sb∂ ]cm-a¿i-Øn¬ kzh¿K-{]-Wb - n-Ifpw {]W-bn-\n-I-fp-sa√mw Dƒs∏-Sp-sa∂pw AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ kzh¿Km-\p-cm-KnIsf lnµp-aXw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p-s≠-∂pamWv kzbw IrjvW-`-‡-sc∂v ]cn-Nbs∏-Sp-Øp∂ Ch-cpsS hmZw. XrXob {]Ir-Xn-sb-Ip-dn® ]cm-a¿i-߃ {ioaZv alm`mK-hX -- -Ønepw(27) a\p-kvar-Xnbn(28) epw ImWm-sa-¶nepw Ch-sb√mw \]pw-k-I-ßsf Dt±-in-®p-sIm-≠m-sW∂mWv {]kvXpX ]cm-a¿i-ßf - n¬ \n∂v a\- n-em-hp-∂X - v. F∂m¬ Ima-Ie - I - sf Ipdn®v hni-Zo-I-cn-°p∂ hm¬kym-b\s‚ Ima-kq-{X-Øn¬(29) kzh¿K-c-Xntbbpw AXns‚ cq]-`m-hß - t- f-bp-sa√mw Ipdn®v {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p-≠v. aq∂mw enwKØn-ep-≈-h¿ ]c-kv]cw ]cn-{K-ln-°m-dps≠∂ Ima-kq{X {]Xn-]m-Z\w(30) kzh¿K-hn-hm-l-Øn\v `mc-Xob kaq-lØns‚ AwKo-Im-c-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂psh∂-Xn\p≈ kqN-\-bmbmWv Nq≠n--°m-Wn-°s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. hy`n-Nm-c-hpw, _em¬kwKhpw, inip-c-Xn-bpw, arK-Im-ahpw ]c-]otU-—-bp-sa√mw Ima-kq-{X-Øn¬ ]e-bnS-ß-fn-embn ]cm-a¿i-hn-t[-b-am-hp-∂p≠v. Ch-sb√mw at‰-sXmcp km[m-cW kaq-l-tØbpw t]mse ]ucm-WnI`mcX-Ønepw \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p-sh-∂-√msX Ch-bvs°√mw kmaq-ln-Imw-Ko-Im-c-ap≠m-bn-cp∂psh∂v Ima-kq{X]cm-a¿iß-fn¬ \n∂v a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp∂n-√. ]pcm-Wß - f - nse tZho-tZ-h∑ - m-cpsS ssewKnIsshIr-X-ßsf°pdn®v ]cma¿ißfpw `mc-X-Øn¬ Ah-s°√mw kmaq-ln-Imw-Ko-Im-ca - p≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xn\v sXfn-hm-°m-hp-∂-X-√. cN-bn-Xm-

hns‚ ssewKn-Im-`n-\n-thiw ssZh-ßfn¬ Btcm-]n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-XmWv ]pcm-Wß-fn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ kvarXn {KŸ-ßf - p-sSbpw [¿Ω-imkv{X{KŸ-ßfp-sSbpw ÿnXn AX-√. Ch-bm-bn-cp∂p `mc-Xob P\-Po-hn-XsØ kzm[o-\n-®n-cp∂Xv; Ah-cpsS kmaq-ly-Po-hn-XsØ Ipdn® \J-Nn-{X-ßs - f-¶nepw \¬Ip-∂Xv Ch-bm-Wv. a\p-kvar-Xn-bpw(31) A¿Y-imkv{X-hp-sa-√mw(32) kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-I-Xsb Xn∑-bmbpw in£n-°-s∏tS≠ Ip‰Ir-Xy-hp-am-bmWv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv F∂-Xn¬ \n∂p Xs∂ `mc-Xo-b-kaqlw Cu ssewKn-Is - sh-Ir-XsØ AwKoI-cn-®n-cp-∂n-s√∂v hy‡-am-hp-∂p-≠v. sshZn-I-km-ln-Xy-ß-fn¬ \nt∂m

°p-∂-Xv. C¥y≥ in£m-\n-b-a-Ønse 377mw hIp∏v FSp-Øp-I-f-bp-∂-tXmsS `mc-XØnepw kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-IX - °v kmaq-lnImw-Ko-Imcw e`n-°p∂ Ahÿ kwPmX-amhpw C¥y-bnepw ]m›m-Xy-\m-Sp-Ifn- e pw Pohn- ° p∂ C¥y- ° mcn¬ kzh¿Km-\p-cm-K-Øn-s‚bpw hnhm-l-Øns‚bpw \nc°v A`q-X-]q¿∆-ambn Db-¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-sW-∂mWv sam≠m-\ k¿∆-I-em-ime s{]m^-k-dmb dqYv h\n-X-bpsS "kvt\-l-Øns‚ A\pjvTm\w; C¥y-bnepw ]m›m-Xy-\m-Sp-Ifn-ep-ap≈ kzh¿K-hn-hmlw'(35) F∂ {KŸw hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xv. KpP-dm-Ønse cmPv]n]ve cmP-Ip-am-c-\mb aW-th-{µ-

sshZnIkmln-Xy-ß-fn¬ ImWp∂ "XrXob {]IrXn'sb∂ ]cm-a¿i-Øn¬ kzh¿K-{]-W-bn-Ifpw {]W-bn-\n-I-fp-sa√mw Dƒs∏-Sp-sa∂pw AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-Isf lnµp-aXw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p-s≠-∂p-amWv kzbw IrjvW-`‡-sc∂v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ "Zn tK B‚ v sekv_n-b≥ ssh-jvWh Atkm-kn-tb-js‚' hmZw.

`mc-Xob]mc-ºc - y-ßf - n¬ \nt∂m {]tNmZ\apƒs°m-≠p-sIm-≠√ {]XypX ]m›m-Xy-cpam-bp≈ kl-hm-k-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]m›m-Xy-cm-Py-ß-fn-se Pohn-XØn¬ \n∂p-amWv kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-Iƒ°p≈ `‡n- { ]- ÿ m- \ - a p- ≠ m- ° m≥ X߃°v {]tNm-Z-\-am-b-sX∂v Km¬hbpsS ssh_vssk‰n¬ \n∂p- Xs∂ hy‡- a m- h p- ∂ p≠v . (33) CXp- X - s ∂- b mWv `‡nbpw kzh¿K-c-Xnbpw Iq´n--°p-gbv°p∂Xn\p {ian-°p∂ Iq´m-bva-I-fp-tSbp-sa√mw Ah-ÿ. kzh¿Km-\p-cm-KsØ \nb-a-hn-t[-b-am-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn \nb-a-bp≤w \S-Ønb \mkv ^ut≠-j\pw `mcXob]mc-º-cy-{]-Imcw AXv Ip‰-I-c-as√∂v ÿm]n-°p-hm≥ Ah-cpsS l¿Pnbn¬ {ian-®n-´p-≠v.(34) \mkv ^ut≠-js‚ {]tNm-Z\ - hpw Ata-cn-°b - nse FbnUvkv ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fm-Wt√m. ]m›m-Xy¿ kzoI-cn® A[m-¿an-IX-bpsS sshIr-X-߃°v `mc-Xobamb Imjmbhkv{X-ß-fp-Sp-∏n-°p-hm\p≈ {ia-amWv Ch-sc√mw \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-

knw-Kv tKmlnemWv Xms\mcp kzh¿Km\p-cm-Kn-bm-sW∂v ]c-ky-ambn {]Jym-]n°p∂ BZysØ cmP-Ip-Spw-_m-Kw. Xs‚ {]]n-Xm-al - \ - mb hnPbv kn‘v tKmln-ens‚ 119mw P∑-Zn-\-Øn-t\m-S-\p-_‘n-®v Xm≥ Hcp Ip™ns\ ZsØ-Sp-°psa∂pw Ah-\m-bn-cn°pw Xs‚ ]n≥Kmanbmbn-cn-°p-I-sb∂pw IqSn At±lw {]Jym-]n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.(36) temIsØ Htc-sbmcp lnµp-cm-jv{S-ambn Adn-b-s∏Sp∂ t\∏m-fnepw kzh¿Km-\p-cm-K-Øn\v Ct∏mƒ \nb-a-]-c-am-b AwKo-Im-c-ap-≠v. kzh¿Km-\p-cm-K-n-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-߃ AwKo-I-cn-®p-sIm-Sp-°-W-sa∂ 2007 Unkw-_¿ 21se t\∏mƒ kp{]ow tImSXn hn[n(37)tbmsSbmWv Cu Ahÿ kwPm-X-am-b-Xv. C¥y≥ in£m-\n-b-Ønse 377mw hIp- ∏ ns‚ ]cn- [ n- b n¬ \n∂v kzh¿K-cXn \o°w sNø-W-sa∂ 2009 Pqsse 2s‚ U¬ln sslt°m-SXn \n¿t±iw kzoI-cn-°-s∏-´m¬ C¥ybpw kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-I-fpsS tIfo-cw-K-am-bnØocpw. aX-\n-b-a-߃ Im‰n¬ ]d-Øp-

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I-bpw kpJm-t\z-jn-I-ƒ°\p-kr-X-ambn [m¿anI\nb-a-߃ hymJym-\n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. ⁄m\-b⁄ ß - f - n¬ sh®v Bflo-bX - b - psS Kncn-{]-`m-jW - ß - ƒ \S-°pIbpw Bfl-km-bq-Py-Øn-\m-bp≈ Ejnt{]m‡am¿K-ß-sf-Ip-dn®v D]-tZ-in-°s∏-Sp-Ibpw AtXm-sSm-∏wXs∂ kaq-lØn¬ A[m¿an-I-X-bpsS hnf-bm-´-߃ \S-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Ah-ÿ-bp-≠mhpw. GsX-¶n-ep-samcp BƒssZ-h-Øns‚ ]mZ-Npw-_\w \S-Øn-bm¬ GsXmcp kzh¿K-t`m-Kn°pw apap-£p-hm-bn-Øo-cmsa∂ ÿnXn kwPm-X-am-hpw. kzh¿Km\p-cm-Kn-Iƒ°m-bp≈ `‡n-{]-ÿm-\-߃ thtZm-]-\n-j-Øp-Isf X߃°-\pIqe-ambn hymJym-\n-°p-Ibpw Ah-°mbp≈ Bflo-b-am¿K-߃ Ah-bn¬ \n∂p-Xs∂ \n¿[-cn-s®-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. {iuX-_p-≤n-bp≈ k\ym-kn-am¿ kaq-l-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂ Xn∑-bnte°v IÆ-S-®p-sIm≠v Xß-fpsS AssZz-X-`m-jWw XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°pw. kzh¿Km-\p-cm-K-Øns‚ Bflo-b-Xbpw cmjv{So-b-hp-sa√mw `mc-X-Ønepw s]mSns]m-Sn-°p-∂Xv ImWm≥ Gsd-°mew ImØn-cn-t°≠n hcn-I-bn-s√∂v kmcw. kzh¿K-c-Xn-s°-Xn-sc-bp≈ i‡-amb \nb-a-߃ C∂pw \ne-\n¬°p-∂Xv apkvenwkaq-l-Øn¬ am{X-am-Wv. eqØv \_nbpsS Ncn{Xw ]d-bp-tºmƒ kzh¿K-cXn F{X-tØmfw shdp-°-s∏´-XmsW∂v Jp¿-B≥ hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v. kzh¿K-cX - n-°msc Ipdn®v {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ Nne Jp¿-B≥ hN-\ß - ƒ t\m°pI. ""\n߃ temIcn¬ \n∂v BWpßfp-sS ASp°¬ sN√pIbmtWm? \nßfp-sS c£nXmhv \n߃°v th≠n krjvSn®p X∂n´p≈ \nßfpsS CWIsf hn´p-I-fbpIbpamtWm? A√, \n߃ AXn{IaImcnIfmb Hcp P\X Xs∂.'' (26:-165,166) ""\n߃ Ima\nhrØn°mbn kv{XoIsf hn´v ]pcpj≥amcpsS ASp°¬ sN√pIbmtWm? A√. \n߃ AhnthIw ImWn°p∂ Hcp P\XbmIp∂p.'' (27:55) ""kv{XoIsf hn´v ]pcpj≥amcpsS ASpØv Xs∂ \n߃ ImahnImctØm-sS sN√p∂p. A√, \n߃ AXncphn´v {]h¿Øn°p∂ Hcp P\XbmIp∂p.'' (7:81) ""At±lw ]d™p: Fs‚ c£n-Xm-

th, Ipg∏°mcmb Cu P\Xs°Xncn¬ Fs∂ \o klmbn°Wta.'' (29:30) kzh¿K-c-Xn-°m-cpsS kaq-l-sØ-Ipdn® hy‡-amb Nn{Xw \¬Ip-hm≥ ]cym]vX-amWv Cu hN-\-߃. AXn-{I-a-Imcn-I-fmb P\X (Ju-ap≥ B±q≥), AhnthIw ImWn-°p∂ P\X (Ju-ap≥ XPvl-eq≥), AXn-cp-hn´v {]h¿Øn-°p∂ P\-X (Ju-ap≥ apkvcn-^q≥), Ipg-∏-°mcmb P\X (Ju-an¬ ap^vkn-Zo≥) F∂nß-s\-bmWv Cu hN-\-ß-fn¬ kzh¿Kt`m-Kn-I-fmb `qan-bnse BZy-k-ap-Zm-bsØ hnfn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ah¿ sNbvXpsIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ kzh¿K-cXn Ahn-thIhpw AXn-{I-ahpw AXn-cp-hn´ {]h¿Ø-\hpw Ipg-∏-hp-am-sW-∂ hkvXp-XbmWv Jp¿-B≥ Cu hN-\-ß-fn-eqsS ]Tn--∏n-°p-∂-Xv. eqØv \_nbpsS kap-Zmbw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cp∂ ssewKnI-ssh-Ir-XsØ∏‰n ]cm-a¿in-°p-tºmgpw Jp¿-B≥ i‡-amb {]tbm-K-ß-fmWv \S-Øp-∂-Xv. ""\mw AhcpsS ta¬ Hcp Xcw ag h¿-jn∏n°pIbpw sNbvXp. At∏mƒ B Ip‰hmfnIfpsS ]cyhkm\w Fßs\bm-bncp∂psh∂v t\m°pI.'' (7:84) ""eqØns\bpw (ZqX\mbn Ab®p) Xs‚ P\XtbmSv At±lw C{]Imcw ]d™ kµ¿`w ({it≤bamIp∂p) Xo¿®bmbpw \n߃ \oNIrXyamWv sNbvXp sIm≠ncn°p∂Xv. \n߃°p apºv temIcn¬ Hcmfpw AXpsNøpIbp≠mbn´n√.'' (29:28) ""\ns‚ PohnXw Xs∂bmsW- kXyw Xo¿®bmbpw Ah¿ AhcpsS elcnbn¬ hnlcn°pIbmbncp∂p.'' (15:72) kzh¿K-c-Xn-bn-te¿s∏-Sp-∂-h¿ Ip‰hm-fn-I-fm-sW-∂pw (-ap-Pvcn-ao≥) Ah¿ sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv temIØv AXp-hsc Hcmfpw sNbvXn-´n-√mØ AXoh \nIr-jvSa-- mb Imcy-ß-fm-sW∂pw (^mln-jØv) AXn-te¿s∏-´-h¿ Hcp Xcw el-cn-bn-em-sW∂pw (k-Ivd-Øv) Cu hN-\߃ hy‡-am-°p-∂p. Hcp A[¿ΩsØ hnfn-°m-hp∂ ]Z-ßs - f√mw Jp¿B≥ kzh¿K-c-Xn-s°-Xnsc {]tbm-Kn-®n´p-s≠-∂mWv Ch \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. {]Ir-Xn-hn-cp-≤hpw a\p-jy-Xz-clnXhpw Ima-Øn¬ am{Xw tI{µo-Ir-X-hp-amb kzh¿K-c-Xnsb Hcp-\n-e°pw AwKo-I-cn°m-\m-hn-s√∂ \ne-]m-SmWv Ckvem-an-

t‚-Xv F∂¿Yw. apl-ΩZv \_n  C°mcyw Du∂n-]d-bp-∂Xv hy‡-am-°p∂ \nc-h[n lZoYp-I-fp-≠v. Pm_n¿ \nth-Z\w \_n ]d™p: ""eqØns‚ kap-Zmbw sNbvX Xn∑- b mWv Fs‚ P\- X - b n¬ Rm≥ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ `b-s∏-Sp-∂X - v.'' (Xn¿anZn, C_v\p-am-P) C_v\p A∫mkv  \nth-Z\w: \_n  ]d™p: ""eqØns‚ kap-Zmbw sNbvX Xn∑ sNøp∂-hsc A√mlp i]n-°s´; arK-ßsf Ima\nhr-Øn-°p-th≠n D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-hscbpw A√mlp i]n°s´'' (\_n CXv aq∂p {]mhiyw Bh¿Øn-®p) (\-km-Cu, Alva-Zv) C_v\p A∫m-kv \nth-Z\w: \_n  ]d™p: ""eqØns‚ P\w sNbvX Xn∑ sNøp-∂-hsc \n߃ I≠m¬ AXv sNbvX-h-tcbpw AXn\v D]-tbm-Kn-®-htcbpw \n߃ sIm∂pIf-bpI'' (Xn¿anZn, A_q-Zm-hq-Zv, C_v\p-am-P) kz-h¿K-c-Xn-s°-Xn-sc-bp≈ \nba߃ ]Tn-∏n-°pI am{X-a√, AXn√m-Xm°phm\p≈ [m¿an-I-\n¿tZ-i-߃ IqSn \¬Ip-∂p≠v Ckvemw. sNdp-∏Ø - n-ep≈ at\m-hy-Xn-bm-\-amWv Nnesc kzh¿Kc-Xn-°m-cm°n Xo¿°p-∂sX∂v \mw a\ n-em-°n-bn-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. CØcw hyXnbm-\ -ß ƒ°p≈ \nan- Ø - a m- b n- Ø o- cp∂Xv ]e-t∏mgpw CXc enwK-Øn-ep-≈h-cpsS hkv{Xw [cn-°p∂ ioe-am-Wv. shdpsX Hcp Xam-i-°p-th≠n amXm-]nXm-°-fm¬ XpS°w Ipdn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Cu Zpx-ioew ]e-t∏mgpw amc-I-amb at\mhy-Xn-bm-\a - mbnØocm-dp-≠v. FXn¿enwKØn-ep-≈-h-cpsS hkv{Xw [cn-°p-tºmƒ kwXr-]vXn°v ASn-a-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cn¬ (transvestism) ]ecpw kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-I-fmbnØocm-dp-≠v. kv{Xo]p-cp-j∑ - m¿ FXn¿enw-K-Øn-ep-≈-h-cpsS hkv{Xw [cn-°p∂Xv Ckvemw i‡ambn hne-°p-∂p≠v. ssewKn-I-ssh-Ir-X-ßfnte°v Imse-SpØp-sh-°p-∂X - ns‚ {]mYanI]Sn AS-®pI-f-bp-I-bmWv Ckvemw CXp-hgn sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. C_v\p A∫m-kv \nthZ\w: ""kv{Xothjw [cn-°p∂ ]pcp-j∑m-tcbpw ]pcp-j-thjw [cn-°p∂ kv{XoI-tfbpw \_n i]n-°p-Ibpw AØ-c° - msc ho´n¬ \n∂v ]pd-Øm-°p-hm≥ I¬∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.'' (_p-Jm-cn) Iuam-c-{]m-b-Øn-ep-≈-h¿ Hcp-an®p

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InS-°p-∂X - mWv ]e-t∏mgpw kzh¿Km-\pcm-K-Øn-te-°p≈ hmXn-embn-Øo-cp-∂Xv. Htc- enw-K-Øn-ep-≈-h-cm-sW-¶nepw Hcp-an®p InS-°p-∂Xv kq£n-®m-I-W-sa∂vv Ckvemw \njvI¿jn-°p-∂p. A_qlp-ssdd \nth-Z\w: {]hm-N-I≥ ]d™p: ""Xß-fpsS \·X ad-°msX Hcp ]pcp-j≥ as‰mcp ]pcp-jt- \m-S∏ - tam Hcp kv{Xo as‰mcp kv{Xotbm--sS-m∏tam InS°-cp-Xv.'' (A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv) A]-cs‚ \·X Bkz-Zn-°p-∂Xn-eqsS-bmWv Nne-t∏mƒ Nne¿ kzh¿Km-\pcm-Kn-I-fm-bn-Øo-cm-dp-≈-Xv. a‰p-≈-h-cpsS \·X Bkz-Zn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS Bfl-kwXr-]vXnbpw ssewKn-I-kw-Xr-]vXnbpw hsc e`n-°p∂ at\m-ssh-Ir-X (Voyeurism)-Øn-te°p hsc Cu \·-Xm-kzm-Z\w sN∂-Øm-dp-≠v. kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-Ifn¬ ]ecpw thmb-dn-Ãp-Iƒ IqSn-bm-Wv. a‰p-≈-h-cpsS \·X ImWp-∂Xp Xs∂ hne-°p∂ Ckvemw kzh¿Km-\p-cmKw IS-∂p-h-cm≥ km[y-X-bp≈ as‰mcp hmXn-ep-IqSn Xmgn-Sp-Ib - mWv sNøp-∂X - v.A_q kCu-Zp¬ JpZvcn \nth-Z\w: {]hm-N-I≥ ]d™p: ""Hcp ]pcp-j\pw as‰mcp ]pcp-js‚ \·-X-bn-te°v t\m°m≥ ]mSn-√. Hcp kv{Xobpw as‰mcp kv{XobpsS \·-X-bn-te°v t\m°p-hm≥ ]mSn-√'' (A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv) kz¥w CW-bp-ambnt∏mepw KpZssaYp-\w (anal sex) ]mSn-s√-∂mWv Ckvemw \njvI¿jn-°p-∂-Xv. CXp-hgn kzh¿Km\p-cm-K-Øn-te-°p≈ as‰mcp hmXn¬ IqSn Ckvemw AS-®p-I-f-bp-∂p. CW-bpam-bp≈ KpZssa-Yp\ioew Nne¿s°¶nepw kzh¿K-c-Xn-bn-te-°p≈ ]meambn-Øo-cm-dp-≠v. ae-Zzm-c-Øn-eq-sS-bp≈ enwK-{]-thiw i‡-ambn hne-°-s∏´ Xn∑-I-fn-sem-∂m-Wv. A_q-lp-ssdd  \nth-Z\w: \_n ]d™p: ""B¿Ø-hIm-cn-Isf kao-]n-°p-∂-hcpw KpZ-ssaYp\w sNøp-∂h - cpw tPm¬ky¿°-SpØv t]mbn {]iv\w sh®p t\m°n AXv kXy-am-sW∂v hniz-kn-°p∂-hcpw aplΩZn \v Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-Xn¬ Ahn-iz-kn-®ncn-°p-∂p.'' (A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv) kzh¿K- c - X nsb hy`n- N m- c - t ØmSv kam-\-am-bn-´mWv an° BZy-Ime apkvenw]WvUn-X∑ - mcpw ]cn-KW - n-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv. BZy Jeo-^-bpsS Ime-Øp-≠mb Hcp kzh¿K- c Xn kw`- h - s Ø- I p- d n®v l\^n ]WvUn-X-\mb C_v\p lpamw

Xs‚ "^Xvlp¬ JZo-dn¬' D≤-cn-°p-∂p≠v. ]nSn-°-s∏´ kzh¿K-t`m-Kn-Iƒ°v F¥v in£ \¬I-W-sa∂v Bcm-b-\mbn A_q-_° - ¿ {]ap-Jc - mb kzlm-_nam-sc-sb√mw hnfn-®p-Iq´nsb∂pw Ah¿ N¿®- sN-bvX-t∏mƒ Aen Ahsc IØn-®p-I-f-bp-hm≥ \n¿tZ-in-®p-sh-∂p-amWv kw`-hw.(38) Camw amen-°v, Camw AlvaZ- v Camw im^n XpS-ßnb aZvl_ns‚ ]WvUn-X-∑m¿ kzh¿K-t`m-KnIƒ°v hnhm-l-Xn-cmb hy`n-Nm-cn-Iƒ°v \¬Ip∂ in£ Xs∂ \¬IWsa∂ ]£-°m-cm-Wv. kml-Ncyßsf Ipdn®v ]Tn® tijw \ymbm-[n-]\ - mWv kzh¿Kt`m-Kn-Iƒ°p≈ DNn-X-amb in£ Xocpam-\n-t°-≠Xv F∂mWv Camw A_q-l-

s∏-Sp-∂-hsc sIm∂p-I-f-b-W-sa∂pw ]ns∂-bmcpw B Xn∑-bn-te°v t]mhm≥ CS-hc - p-Øcp-sX∂pw Ckvemw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p. kzh¿K-cX - n-bn-te°v t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂ kmaq-ly-km-lN - c - y-߃ - \ne-\n¬°p∂ kaq-l-ß-fn¬ Pohn-°p∂ apkvenwIfmIs´; AXn-te°v t{]cn-∏n-°p∂ kµ¿`ß-fn¬ \n∂v ]q¿W-ambpw hns´m-gn™v amdn-\n¬°-Ws - a∂pw Ckvemw \njvI¿jn-°p-∂p. hy`n-Nm-ct- ØmSv ASp-Øp-t]mI-cpXv F∂ Jp¿-B-\nII¬]\ ChntS-bpw _m[-I-am-Wv. ""\n߃ hy`nNmcsØ kao]n®v t]m-IcpXv. Xo¿®bmbpw AXv Hcp \oNhrØnbpw Zpjn® am¿Khpam-Ip∂p.'' (17:32)

kzh¿K-c-Xn-bn-te°v t{]cn-∏n-°p∂ Xn≥a-Iƒ C√mbva sNøp-Ibpw Xß-fpsS ssewKnIXrjvW-bpsS ]q¿Øo-I-cW-Øn\v \nb-X-amb am¿K-߃ Xpd-∂p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xn\p tijhpw {]Ir-Xn-hn-cp-≤-amb sshIr-X-ß-fnte¿s∏-Sp-∂-hsc sIm∂p-I-f-b-W-sa∂pw ]ns∂-bmcpw B Xn∑-bn-te°v t]mhm≥ CS-h-ccp-sX∂pw Ckvemw ]Tn-∏n °p∂p. \o-^bpsS ]£w.(39) {]kn≤ ]WvUnX\pw kDuZn Atd-_y-bnse ^Xvh t_m¿Uv AwK-hp-amb ssiJv apl-ΩZv kzmenlv A¬ ap\-÷nZv kzh¿K-t`mKnsb sIm∂pIf-bW - s - a-∂mWv Ckvemw hn[n-°p-∂-sX∂v sXfn-hp-I-fpsS shfn®-Øn¬ ka¿Yn-°p-∂p-≠v.(40) a‰p in£m-hn-[n-I-sf-t∏m-se-Øs∂ kzh¿K-c-Xn-°pw sX‰p-sN-øp-∂-h¿°p≈ in£- hn-[n-°pI am{X-a√ Ckvemw sNøp-∂-Xv. Xn∑-Iƒ sNøm≥ \n¿_‘n--° p∂ kml- N - c y- ß ƒ C√mbv a sNbvXX - n\p tijhpw GsX-¶nepw Ip‰Ir-Xy-ßf - n¬ Bsc-¶nepw AI-s∏-Sp-∂psh-¶n¬ Ah¿ kmaq-ly-hn-cp-≤cpw amXrIm-]c - a - mb in£ A¿ln-°p∂hcp-amWv F∂mWv Ckvem-ans‚ \ne-]m-Sv. kzh¿K-c-Xn-bn-te°v t{]cn-∏n-°p∂ Xn≥aIƒ C√mbva sNøp-Ibpw Xß-fpsS ssewKnIXrjvW-bpsS ]q¿Øo-I-c-WØn\v \nb-X-amb am¿K-߃ Xpd-∂psIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xn\p tijhpw {]Ir-Xn-hn-cp-≤-amb sshIr-X-ß-fnte¿-

kzh¿K-cX - n-s°-Xnsc i‡-amb kmaq-ly-\n-b-a-߃ C∂v \ne-\n¬°p-∂Xv apkvenw\mSp-I-fn-em-Wv. kDuZn Atd_y, sba≥, au-dn-Ym-\nb, bp.-F.C, tkmam-enb XpS-ßn-bn-S-ß-fn¬ ac-W-in-£hsc hn[n- ° m- h p∂ Ip‰- I r- X y- a mWv kzh¿K-c-Xn. AƒPo-cn-b, _lv-ssd≥, _w•m-tZ-iv, {_qssW, Fdn-{Xn-b, Kmw_n-b, Kn\n-b, Cdm≥, ate-jy, samtdms°m, Ham≥, ]m°n-ÿm≥, JØ¿, sk\-K¬, knb-d entbm¨, kndn-b, Sm≥km-\n-b, Xp\n-jy, Xp¿°p-am-\nÿm≥, Dkvs_-°n-ÿm≥ F∂n-h-S-ßfn-se√mw ]ngbpw Imcm-Kr--l-hm-khpw in£-bmbn \¬Im-hp∂ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-amWv.(41) F∂m¬ a[y-]u-c-kvXy-tZ-isØ kzh¿K- { ]- W - b - n I- f psS Xe- ÿ m\w F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ sS¬ Aho-hn¬(42) \n∂v kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-IXsb ASpØ{]tZ-i-ß-fn-te-s°√mw Cd-°p-aXn sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-IbmWn∂v. a[y-]uckvXytZisØ kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-I-fpsS

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{]iv \ - ß - s fbpw Ah- I m- i - ß - s fbpw Ipdn®v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw AhcpsS PohnXssien F¥m-sW∂v a‰p≈- h sc Adn- b n- ° p- ∂ - X n\pw th≠nbp≈ Hcp amknI ssa Imfn (My Kaali) 2008 s^{_p-h-cn- amkw apX¬ tPm¿Zm\n¬ \n∂v {]kn-≤o-°-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p≠v.(43) CtX Imcy-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ Hcp sh_vssk‰pw (www.gaymiddle east.com) {]h¿Ø\k÷-amWv. Ch-bpsS-sb√mw {]h¿Ø-\-^-e-ambn kDuZn Atd_y AS- ° - a p≈ cmPy- ß fn¬ kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-I-fpsS FÆw h¿[n-®ph-cn-Ib - m-sW∂mWv Ah¿ Ah-Im-is - ∏Sp-∂-Xv.(44) C{km-bo-en¬ \n∂p XpS-ßp∂ \yq\-a¿±w kDuZn Atd-_y-bpsS XocØv sImSp-¶m-‰mbn ]Xn-°p-sa∂ IW-°p-Iq-´e - n-emWv ZpjvSX - {- ¥-ßf - psS Np°m≥ ]nSn-°p-∂-h-sc∂mWv tXm∂p∂-Xv. BZ¿i-k-a-c-Øn¬ ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sptºmƒ AI- Ø p- I - S ∂v \in- ∏ n- ° pIsb∂-Xm-Wt√m F°m-e-Øp-ap≈ PqXX{¥w. kzh¿K-c-Xnsb \nb-a-hn-t[-b-am°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ A¥m-cmjv{Skaql-Øns‚ apd-hn-fn-Iƒ°p ]n∂n¬ Cu PqXX-{¥w Xs∂-bm-hptam {]h¿Øn-°p∂Xv?! 2008 Unkw-_¿ 18\v sFIy-cm-jv{Sk-`-bpsS 67 AwK-cm-Py-߃ tN¿∂v ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn® "ssewKn-Im-`n-\n-th-i-Øn\pw enwK-hy-‡n-Xz-Øn\pw th≠n-bp≈ sFIy-cmjv{Sk`m {]Jym-]\w(45) (UN Declaration on Sexual Orient Nation and Gender Identity) hmbn-®m¬ CØ-c-samcp X{¥w Xs∂-bmWv Cu \o°-߃°p ]n∂n-ep-≈-sX∂v hy‡-am-hp-w. {^m≥kpw s\X¿em‚ vkpw IqSn {]tXyI Xm¬]-cy-sa-SpØp Ah-X-cn-∏n® {]Jym]\w Bh-iy-∏-Sp-∂Xv F√m sFIy-cmjv{Sk`mw-KX - z-ap≈ cmPy-ßfpw kzh¿KcXn Ip‰-ap-‡-am-°-W-sa-∂m-Wv. bqtdm]y≥ bqWn-b-\nse apgp-h≥ cmjv{Sßfpw sk‚ v eqbnkv Hgn- s I- b p≈ Ata-cn-°≥ cmjv{S-ß-fp-sa√mw Cu {]Jym-]-\-Øn¬ H∏p-sh-®n-´p-≠v.(46) 57 sF-Iy-cm-jv{S-k-`mw-K-߃ Cu {]Jym]-\sØ \ncm-I-cn-°p-Ibpw C∂phsc k` ]pe¿Øn-t∏m∂ a\p-jym-h-Im-i\n¿∆-N-\-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ hyXn-bm-\-amWn-sX∂v hy‡-am-°p-Ibpw sNb-Xn-´p≠v. apkvenwcmPy-ß-fmWv Cu \ncm-Ic-W-Øn\p ap∂n-ep-≈-Xv. kzh¿Km-\p-

cmKw Hcp a\p-jym-h-Imi {]iv\-a-s√∂pw AXv P\n-X-Ihpw {]Ir-Xn-]-c-hp-amsW∂ hmZw ASn-ÿm-\-c-ln-X-am-sW∂pw AXns\ Ip‰- h n- a p- ‡ - a m- ° p∂ {]{Inb inip-Im-asØ t]mse-bp≈ sshIr-Xß - s - fbpw A\p-hZ- n-°p-∂X - n-te°mWv Ah-km\w FØn-°p-I-sb∂pw Ah-cpsS \ncm-I-cW Ipdn-∏n¬ hy‡am-°n-bn-´p-≠v.(47) kzh¿K-c-Xn-s°-Xn-scbp≈ \nb-a-\-S-]-Sn-Iƒ Ah-km-\n-∏n-°W-sa∂mh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ {]Jym-]-\-Øn\v A\p-Iq-e-ambn \n∂ \mte \mev G-jy≥ cmjv{S-ß-fn-sem-∂v C{km-tb-em-Wv. X߃ BZ-cn-°p∂ thZ-{K-Ÿ-Øn¬ kzh¿K-c-Xn-s°-Xnsc i‡-amb \nb-aap-≠m-bn´pw AXn-\-\p-Iq-e-ambn \ne-]msS-Sp-°p-hm\pw AXns\ temI-hym-]-Iam°p∂-Xn-\p≈ ]cn-{i-a-߃°v ap∂n¬ \S-°p-hm\pw temIsØ Htc-sbmcp PqX-cm-jv{S-Øn\v {]tNm-Z-\-am-hp-∂Xv a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ß-tfm-Sp≈ AZ-ay-amb kvt\l-am-sW∂v Icp-Xm≥ bmsXmcp \ymb-hp-an-√. P\n-®p-h-f¿∂ kz¥w \m´n-semcp hnem-k-Øn\p th≠n Ih-Wsb-Sp-°p∂ ^e-kvXo\nss]X-ßsf _pƒtUm-k-dp-I-fp-]-tbm-Kn®v Iim-∏psN-øp-∂-h¿°v kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-I-fpsS {]bm-k-߃ C{X-tØmfw he-b a\pjym-h-Imi {]iv\-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-sX-¥psIm-≠m-sW∂v Nn¥n-°p-tºm-gmWv Cu ]cn-{i-a-Øn\p ]n∂n-ep≈ krKme_p≤n-sb-s¥∂v a\- n-em-°m-\m-hp-I. kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-Iƒ°v kz¥w cmjv{S-Øn¬ am\y-amb ÿm\w \¬In BZ-cn-°pIbpw Ab¬cm-Py-ßf - n-te°v IqSn AXv Ib‰n Ab®v Bkz-Zn-°p-Ib - p-amWv PqXcmjv{Sw sNøp-∂-Xv. sFIy-cm-jv{S-k-`bpsS HØm-i-tbm-Sp-IqSn apkvenw-Isf [m¿an-I-ambn XI¿°p-∂-Xns‚ Xeÿm-\w IqSn-bmbnØocp-I-bmWv a[y]u-c-kvXy-tZ-isØ kzh¿K-{]-W-bn-IfpsS Xe-ÿm\w F∂¿Yw. kz-h¿K-cX - nsb am\y-ambn ImWp∂ kaq-l-߃ \mi-Øn-te-°mWv \bn-°s∏-Sp-I-sb-∂m-XmWv ktZmw Ktamd \¬Ip∂ ]mT-ß-fn¬ {][m-\-s∏-´-Xv. kzh¿Km-\p-cm-KsØ am\y-h¬°cn-°p∂-Xn-\p-th≠nbp≈ ]cn-{i-a-߃ XIrX-nbmbn \S-°p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn-em-Wt√m am\-hc - m-in-sb `oXn-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn°p∂ FbnUvkv tcmK-Øns‚ BK-a\-ap-≠m-b-Xv. 1981 Pq¨ 5\v temkv B-

©¬knse A©v kzh¿K-c-Xn-°m-¿°nS-bn-emWv A∂v \yqtam-kn-Ãnkv \yqtamWnb (Pneumocystis Pneumonia) F∂v hnfn°p∂ FbnUvkv tcmKm-Wp-°ƒ BZy-ambn dnt∏m¿´v sNø-s∏-´-Xv.(48) 2007 se IW-°p-Iƒ {]Imcw temIØv aq∂c-t°m-Sn-tbmfw FbnUvkv tcmKn-If - p≠v; 3.3 e£w Ip´n-I-f-S°w Ccp-]-Øn-sbm∂v e£-Øne-[nIw t]¿ FbnUvkv _m[n-X-cmbn acWs∏-´n-´p-≠v.(49) 2003¬ Ata- c n- ° - b nse "skt‚gv k v t^m¿ Fbn-Uvkv I¨t{Smƒ' (CDC) ]pd-Ønd-°nb dnt∏m¿´v {]Imcw FbnUvkv tcmKn-Ifn¬ 63 iX-am-\-hp-ap-≠m-hp-∂Xv kzh¿K-t`mKw hgn-bm-Wv.(50) Fbn-Uvkn\v Imc-W-°m-c-\mbn Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂ F-®v.-sF.hn (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) ]I-cp-∂Xv ssewKn-Im-h-b-h-ßfn-eq-sSbpw c‡-Øn-eq-tS-bp-am-Wv. AXv ico-cØ - n-se-Øn-°g- n-™m¬ Gsd \mƒ kpjp-]vXn-bn¬ Ign-bp-Ibpw Ah-k-cap-≠m-hp-tºmƒ c‡-Ønse {]Xn-tcm-[mWp-°-fmb CDC4+T tImi-ßsf \in∏n-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßp-Ibpw sNøpw. a\pjy-ic - o-cØ - ns‚ {]Xn-tcm-[h - y-hÿ sb XI¿°p-IbmWv F®v.-sF.hn sNøp-∂Xv. Pe-tZmjw t]mepw amc-I-am-Ip∂ Ah-ÿ-bmWv CXv aqew D≠m-bn-Øocp- I . acp- ∂ p- I - s fm∂pw ^en- ° msX Xo{h-amb thZ-\-tbm-Sp-IqSn C©n-©mbn acn-°p∂ Ah-ÿ. tæO-amb PohnX-N-cy-߃ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-h¿°v amc-Iamb tcmK-ß-fm¬ ]co-£n-°-s∏-´p-sh∂ apl-ΩZv \_nbpsS ap∂-dn-bn∏v CtXmSv tN¿Øv hmbn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. C_v\p Da¿ \nth-Z\w: ""tæOX GsXmcp P\-X-bn¬ {]I-S-am-hp-Ibpw {]N-cn-°pIbpw sNøp-∂pthm Ah-cn¬ amc-Ia - mb tcmK-߃ hym]n-°p-∂X - m-Wv.'' (C-_v\pam-P, ss_-lJn) Ncn-{X-Øn¬ \nt∂m h¿Ø-am-\Ime A\p-`h - ß - f - n¬ \nt∂m ]mTw ]Tn°msX kzh¿Km- \ p- c m- K sØ am\yh¬°cn-°m\pw AXv sNøp-∂-h¿°v a\p-jym-hI - m-iØ - ns‚ B\p-Iqeyw \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p-amWv kaq-l-Øns‚ ]pd-∏msS-¶n¬ AXv kmaq-ly-hn-]-Øp-Iƒ°mbn-cn°pw hmXn¬ Xpd-∂p-sIm-Sp-°p-I. kzh¿K-c-Xn-b-S-°-ap≈ ssewKn-Im-kzmZ-\-߃°v Ign-bp-∂ Xpd∂ thZn-bm-bnØoc-Ww temIw apgp-h-\psa∂m-{K-ln°p-∂-h-cp-sS Acm-P-I-hmZw \mi-Øn-

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te°-√m-sX \≥a-bn-te°v kaq-lsØ \bn-°p-sa∂v Icp-Xm≥ bmsXmcp \ymbhp-an-√. cmjv{S-ßf - pw aoamw-kI - cpw cmjv{S-Iq-´m-bva-I-fp-sa√mw {]kvXpX Acm-PI-Xz-Øn\v NqSp-]n-Sn-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-Øo-cptºmƒ [m¿an-I-X-bpsS ]cn-N-sIm≠v am{Xta Xn∑-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Ah -aq-e-ap≠m-hp∂ \mi-Øn¬ \n∂pw temIsØ c£n-°m-\m-hq. hnip-≤-Jp¿-B\pw Xncpkp-∂Øpw hc-®p-Im-Wn-°p∂ Pohn-Xhn-ip-≤n-bpsS ]mX am{X-amWv C∂v temI-Øn\p apºn¬ c£-bmbn _m°n-bp≈-Xv. a\p-jy-cpsS Ic-hn-cp-Xp-I-fn¬ \n∂v kwc-£n-°-s∏´v \ne-\n¬°p∂ ssZhn-I-amb {]kvXpX t{kmX- p-Iƒ bYm¿Y- Ø n- e p≈ Pohn- X m- k zm--Z - \ Øns‚ ]mX-bmWv {]Zm-\w- sN-øp-∂-Xv. hnip-≤n-bn-eq-sS-bp≈ Bkzm-Z-\-Øn\p am{Xsa bYm¿Y-amb kwXr-]vXnbpw kam-[m-\hpw \¬Im≥ Ign-bq. B¿Ønbpw B{Im¥hpw \mi-Øn-te°p am{Xsa a\p-jysc \bn-°q-sh-∂XmWv Ncn-{Xw \¬Ip∂ ]mTw; h¿Ø-am-\w \sΩ sXcy-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xpw as‰m-∂-√. d-^-d-≥-kv1. Thomas A Dowson in Pamela L Gellar & Miranda K Stockett : Feminist Anthropology Past Present and Future (2006) Chapter 5,Page 89102 2. www.egyptology.comniankhkhnum_khuum hotep/ 3. www.egyptarchieve.co.uk/html saggara_to mbs_32.html 4. Michael Rice :Who is who in Ancient Egypt (2001) 5. www.biblestudy.org/beginner/learn_ba sic_bible_timeline/chapter4.html 6. http : //isramar.ocean.org.il/Dead sea/ 7. http : //news.bbc.co.uk/2/ni/middle_east/ 1497476-5tm 8. Beerte c.Verstraete & Vernon L Provencal : Same sex desire and Love in Greeco-Roman Antiguity and in the Classical Tradition of the West (2006) Page 45-49 9. Judith P Hallett & Merilyn B Skinner : Roman Sexualities (1997) Page 343 10. The Histories Vol 6, Chapter 37,Polybius 11. www.ccel.org/ccel/aquinas/summa.SS_ Q154_A12.html 12. www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/feb/26/ gayrig hts.religion/ 13. http : //uwpress.wise.edu/books/2576.htm 14. Rabbi Steven Greenberg: Wrestling With God and Men: Homosexuality in the Jewish Tradi tion (2005) Page 46 15. http://out-com/detail.asp?id=22719 16. The Jerusalempost 30-1-2007 (www.jpost.com) 17. http://www.haaret2.com/hasen/spages/10700 60.html

Ckv e manI ]©- k v X w- ` - ß - f n¬ kp{]-[m-\a - mb H∂mWv {hXw. {]`m-tXmZbw apX¬ AkvXa - bw hsc A∂]m\ob-ßfpw ssewKn-I-hrØnbpw Dt]-£n°-emWv t\mºns‚ {]I-S-amb `mKw. {hX-Øns‚ Bfl-k-Ø°v \nc-°mØ hnt\m-Z-ßfpw tæ—-kw-km-c-ßfpw t\mºns\ {]Xn-Iq-ea - mbn _m[n-°pw. "hymPhm-°p-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂Xpw AX-\p-k-cn®v {]h¿Øn- ° p- ∂ Xpw shSn- b m- Ø - h ¿

Xs‚ A∂-]m-\o-b-߃ shSn™v ]´nWn InS-°-W-sa∂v A√m-lp-hn\v bmsXmcp Bh-iy-hp-an√'(_pJmcn) F∂mWv {]hm-N-Im-[ym-]-\w. Pohn- X - h n- i p- ≤ n- b mWv t\mºns‚ apJy-e£yw. \n߃°v apºp-≈h - ¿s°∂-t]mse \n߃°pw t\mºv \n¿_‘-am-°n-bXv "XJvh'bp≠m-Im≥ th≠nbm-sW-∂mWv Jp¿-B≥(2:183) ]Tn-∏n-°p∂-Xv. Pohn-XØ - n-ep-S\ - ofw ssZhn-Ia - m¿K\n¿tZ-i-ßsf A\p-[mh\w sNøm-\p≈ IcpØv t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p-I-bmWv Hcp hnizmkn t\mºn-eq-sS. t\mºv Xn∑-Isf-sØm-´p≈ ]cn-N-bmbn h¿Øn-°p∂p. t\mºp-Im-cs‚ XymKhpw k∂-≤Xbpw A√m-lp-hns‚ k∂n-[n-bn¬ {]tXyI ]cn-KW - \ - ° - ¿l-am-Wv. a‰p I¿a-ßfn¬ \n∂pw hyXyk-vX-ambn t\mºn\v {]tXyIw {]Xn-^ew A√mlp hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv. t\mºn\v AXn-t‚-Xmb Nne I¿aim-kv{X-`m-K-ßfp≠v. k¬I¿a-ß-fpsS ]cn-]q¿W-X-bn-emWv IqSp-X¬ \∑ e`n°pI F∂-Xn-\m¬ Xs∂ CXns‚ I¿aimkv{X hnj-b-ßfpw {]m[m-\y-a¿ln°p-∂p. B¿s°m-s°-bmWv t\mºv \n¿_-‘-ap-≈-Xv, GXv ka-bw apX-e-amWv t\mºv Bcw-`n-t°-≠-Xv, amk-∏n-dhn I≠psh∂Xv Fßs\ ÿnc-s∏-Spw, Ip´nI-fpsS t\mºns‚ hn[n-sb¥v XpS-ßnb \nc-h[n kwi-b-߃ km[m-c-W-°m¿°p-≠m-hpI kzm`m-hn-Ia - m-Wv. t\mºp-ambn _‘-s∏´ B[p-\nIhpw \qX-\h - pamb CØcw {]iv\-߃°v hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n-s‚bpw {]_-e-amb \_n-N-cyI-fp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ aX-hn-

[n-I-fpƒs°m-≈p∂ Hcp IrXn-bmWv ZAvh _pIvkv {]kn-≤o-I-cn® "t\mºv kp{]-[m\ ^XvhIƒ' t\mºv: {]m[m-\yhpw \n¿_-‘a - p-≈hcpw, bm{X-°m-cpsS t\mºv, DZ-b-ÿm\- ß - f nse hyXym- k hpw Imgv N - b pw, {[ph-{]-tZ-i-ß-fnse amk-\n¿Wbw, ^Pvdpw AØm-ghpw, K¿`n-Wn-I-fpsS t\mºpw {]mb-›n- Øhpw, hr≤-cp-sSbpw \nXy-tcm-Kn-I-fp-sSbpw t\mºv, B¿Øh-Im-cn-I-fp-sSbpw {]k-hn®p InS-°p-∂h-cp-sSbpw t\mºv, ac-W-s∏-´-h-cpsS t\mºv, IpØn-shbv]v, acp∂v C‰n-°¬, Z¥-ip-≤o-Ic - Ww, t]Ãv D]-tbm-Kn-°¬, ad-∂p-sIm≠v `£Ww Ign-®m¬, \jvSs∏´ t\mºv t\m‰p hot´-≠-sX-t∏mƒ, \a-kvI-cn-°m-Ø-h-cpsS t\mºv, t\mºv Dt]£n°p∂-hs‚ hn[n, B¿Ø-h-Imcn t\mºns‚ ]I-en¬ ip≤n-bm-bm¬ F¥p sNø-Ww, t\mºp-Im-esØ c‡Zm-\hpw c‡-sa-Sp-°e - pw, ka-ba - m-sb∂v sX‰n-≤c - n®v t\mºv apdn-®m¬, kwk¿Kw, kvt{] D]-tbm-Kn-°¬, O¿Zn, hkvXn {]tbm-Kw, hr°-tcmKn c‡w am‰¬, CAvØnIm^v F∂n-ßs\ Ccp-]-Øn F´v hnj-b-ß-fn-em-bp≈ kwi-b-ßfpw Ah-°p≈ adp-]-Sn-I-fp-amWv Cu IrXnbpsS D≈-S-°w. kuZn Atd-_y-bnse {Km‚ v ap^vXnbpw aX-Im-cy-hI - p∏v A[y£- \ p- a m- b n- c p∂ Ass»Jv A–p¬ Akokv _v≥ A_vZp-√mlv _v\p_mkns‚ "^Xmhm apln-ΩØ - n-ØA - √ - pJn _n nbmw' F∂ {KŸ-Øns‚ ae-bmf ]cn-`m-j-bm-Wn-Xv. Sn.-]n.-A-_vZp-d-kmJv _mJ-hn-bmWv hnh¿Ø\w \n¿h-ln-®ncn-°p-∂-Xv.

18. www.religioustolerance.org/hom_bibl.htm 19. Afrol News 7-7-2009 9 (www.afrol.com) 20. www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/articles 620772.ece. 21. www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/metro_com m_chruch,.2.htm. 22. www.echruch.org/markets.htm 23. www.inhepiscopal.org/artman/publish/ article_647.htm 24. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chrustian_ denominational_positions_on_homosexuality 25. John Noonam : Development of Moral Doctrine (1993) Page 662 26. http://galva108.org 27. alm-`m-K-hXw 4:17:26 28. a\p-kvarXn 3:49 29. Alain Danielou : Complete Kamasuthra (1994)

30. ibid 2:9:36 31. a\p-kvarXn 8:369,370; 11:68 32. A¿Y-imkv{Xw 4:13:236 33. http://galva108.org/modernbio.html 34. www.nazindia.org/advocasy.htm 35. Ruth Vanitha:Love`s Rite;Samesexmarriage in India and the West (2005) 36. The Times of India 31-1-2008 37. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/ 7156577.stm 38. www.islamonline.net 39. www.islam.qa.com/en/ref/38622/homosexual ity 40. ssiJv apl-ΩZv kzmenlv A¬ ap\-÷nZv: {i≤n-°-s∏-SmØ \njn-≤-߃ ]pdw 53,54 41. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_issues_ and_islam#cite_ref_13

42. http://out.com/detail.asp?id=22719 43. http://mykali.weekly.com 44. www.theatlantic.com/doc/200705/gay_saudi_ arabia 45. The Newyork Times 18-12-2008 (http:// timespeople.nytimes.com) 46. www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2008/ga 10801doc.htm 47. www.reuters.com/article/World News/ idUSTRE4BH7EW 2008 1218 48. www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ june_5_htm 49. http://data.unaids.org/pub/EPISlides/2007/ 2007_epiupdate_en_pdf 50. www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ mm5424a2.htm

]p-kv-X-I- Ip-dn-∏v\m-Jn-Zv-

t\mºv: kp{]-[m\ ^XvhIƒ ssiJv A_vZp¬ Akokv_n≥ _mkv

Z-Av-hm- _-p-Iv-kv-, ssh-‰n-e-,- sIm-®n-˛19

hn-e-:- 15 cq-]-

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2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

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kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-IX {]Ir-Xn-b√; hnIr-Xn-bm-Wv A-_q-^¿kn≥Zv

■-

C¥y≥ in£m-\n-b-a-Ønse 377mw hIp-∏ns‚ hcp-Xn-bn¬ \n∂v kzh¿K-cXnsb \o°w sNø-W-sa∂p \n¿tZ-in-®p-sIm-≠p≈ U¬ln sslt°m-SXnhn[n h∂v aq∂p Znh-k-߃°p-tijw ]pd-Øn-d-°nb amXr-`qan hmcm-¥-∏-Xn-∏n¬ ta\Im-Km-‘n-bpsS "arK-ßf - psS kzh¿K-cXn'sb∂ Xe-s°-t´mSp IqSnb Hcp teJ\w {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-cp-∂p.(1) arK-{]-iv\-ßsf Ipdn®v hmcm-¥-∏-Xn-∏n¬ Ah-¿ Fgp-Xnh-cp∂ "Acpa'sb∂ tImf-Øn¬ h∂ {]kvXpX teJ\w Pq¨ 30\v "_olm¿ ssSwkn¬'(2) Ah¿ Xs∂ Fgp-Xnb "kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-IX arK-tem-IØv {]Ir-Xns°-Xn-c√' (Homosexuality is not against nature in Animal Kingdom) F∂ teJ-\Øns‚ t\¿ ]cn-`m-j-bmWv.- amXr-`q-an-bpsS Cw•ojv sh_vssk-‰n¬ _olm¿ ssSw-kn¬ h∂ teJ\w AtX-]Sn \¬Ip-I-bmWv sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.(3) F∂m¬ ae-bmf ]cn-`m-j-bpsS ÿnXn AX-√. hnh¿Ø-I≥ X\n°p tXm∂nb Xncp-Øep-I-sf√mw hcp-Øm≥ th≠{X kzmX-{¥y-sa-Sp-Øn-´p-≠v, AXn¬. while countries waste time on making Laws on rediculas issues like abortion and homosexual2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

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arK-߃ sNøp-∂-sX√mw a\p-jy¿°v {]Ir -Xn-]-c-am-bn-Øo-cp-sa-¶n¬ \c-t`m-P-\hpw, AKay-Ka - \ - hpsa√mw a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn°v \nc-°p∂Xm-sW∂v ]d-tb-≠n-h-cpw. kz¥w Poh-Pm-Xnbn¬ s]´-hsc `£n-°p∂ \q‰n-\m¬]tXmfw Poh-n-h¿K-ß-fp-s≠-∂mWv IW--°m-°n-bn-cn°p-∂-Xv. -AXn-\m¬ a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øn¬ \ct`m-P\w {]Ir-Xn-]c - a - m-sW∂pw AXv A\p-hZn°s∏-S-W-sa-∂p-ap≈ hmZ-w {]mY-anI]cnKW\ t]mepw A¿ln-°mØ shdp-samcp hmZw am{X-am-sW∂-XmWv hmkvX-hw.

ity, the rest of the animal world take these issues as natural F∂ BZy JWvUnI-bnse Ah-km\ hmN-I-Øn\v \¬Inb ]cn-`mj Cß-s\-bm-Wv. "temIw apgp-h-\pw kzh¿K-c-Xn-sb-°p-dn®v N¿® sNøp-tºmgpw \nb-a-\n¿am-W-Øns\mcpßp-tºmgpw arK-߃ C°mcyw {]Ir-Xn-hn-cp-≤-am-b√ ImWp-∂-Xv.' K¿`On{Zh-pw kzh¿K-ssewKn-I-Xbpw Fß-s\-bmWv _‘-s∏-Sp-∂sX∂v ]cn-`mjI\v a\- n-em-Im-Ø-XpsIm-≠mhmw At±lw ta\Im Km‘n-bpsS teJ-\-Øn¬ \n∂v K¿`-On-{ZsØ ]pd-Øm-°p-hm\p≈ kzmX-{¥y-sa-Sp-Ø-Xv. sekv_n-b≥ s^an-\n-Ãp-Iƒt° Ch XΩn-ep≈ _‘w th≠ cq]-Øn¬ a\- n-em-hq. arK-tem-IØpw kzh¿K-cXn \ne-\n¬°p-∂p-s≠∂pw AXn-\m¬ AXv {]Ir-Xn-]-c-am-sW∂pw a\p-jy-k-aq-lØn¬ AXv A\p-hZ- n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv a\p-jym-hI - m-ie - w-L\amsW-∂p-ap≈ hmZw ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn\p th≠n D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ hkvXpXmhnh-c-W-ßfpw ÿnXn-hn-hc-W-°-W-°p-Ifpw arK-ß-fpsS temIsØ kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-Iƒ a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ th≠n {ian-°p-tºmƒ kw`-hn-°p∂ Iq´n-°p-d-°-ep-I-fm¬ kar-≤-am-Wv. ta\-ImKm-‘n-bpsS teJ-\sØ tIc-fob kml-N-cy-Øn-te°p `mjm-¥cw sNbvX-t∏mƒ K¿`-On{Zw sImgn-™p-t]m-bX - p-t]mse arK-sN-bvXn-Isf kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-IX - b - mbn hymJym-\n-°p-hm≥ Adn™pw t_m[-]q¿∆hpw ]eXpw ad-®p-sh-°p-Ibpw sImgn™p-t]m-b-Xmbn hcp-Øn-Øo¿°p-I-bp-amWv sNøp-∂-Xv. arK-߃t° kzh¿Kssew-Kn-I-X-bmbn hymJym-\n-°-s∏-Sp∂ arK-I¿a-ß-fpsS bYm¿Y-Øn-ep≈ A¿Ya-dnbq; ta\-I-Km-‘n-°-t√ kzh¿K-c-Xnbpw K¿`-On-{Zhpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-sa-s¥∂-dn-bp-I-bp-≈p. AX-dn-bmØ ]cn-`m-j-Is‚ tdmfmWv arK-sN-bvXn-Isf kzh¿Km\p-cm-K-ambn hymJym-\n-°p-∂-h-cp-tSXv F∂XmWv hmkvX-hw. arK-tem-IØv kzh¿K-cXn \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øn¬ AXv {]Ir-Xn-]-c-am-sW∂ hmZw Xs∂ ASn-ÿm-\-cn-ln-X-am-Wv. arK-߃°n-S-bn¬ \ne\n¬°p∂ Imcy-ß-f-√t√m a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øn¬ Fs¥-√m-amWv {]Ir-Xn-]-c-sa∂v \n›-bn-°p-∂-Xv. arK-߃ sNøp-∂-sX√mw a\p-jy¿°v {]Ir-Xn-]-c-am-bn-Øo-cp-sa¶n-¬ \c-t`m-P-\hpw (cannibalism), AK-ay-K-a-\hp(incest)-sa√mw a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn°v \nc-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂v ]d-tb-≠n-h-cpw. kz¥w Poh-Pm-Xn-bn¬ s]´-hsc `£n-°p∂ \q‰n-\m¬]tXmfw Poh-n-h¿K-ß-fp-s≠-∂mWv IW--°m-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.(4) ssewKnI-_-‘-Øn-te¿s∏´ tijw CWsb `£n°p∂ F´p-Im-en-Ifpw tXfp-I-fp-ap-≠v. ]q® Ip™p-ßsf Xn∂p-∂Xv {]kn-≤-am-Wv. Cßs\ Ip™p-ßsf Xn∂p∂ \nch[n Pohn-I-fp-≠s{X! DSp-ºv, Fen, apb¬, Kn\n-]-∂n, F´p-Im-en, XpS-ßnb IcPo-hn-I-fpw apX-e, ]e-X-cw a¬ky-h¿K-߃, \ocmfn F∂o Pe-P-¥p-°fpw Nne ]£n-h¿K-ßf - p-sa√mw kz¥w h¿K-Øn-ep≈ Ip™p-ßsf Xn∂p-∂h - c - m-Wv. Ah¿ 2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

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Xn∂p-∂Xv _lp-`q-cn-]-£hpw kz¥w Ip™p-ß-sf-Ø-s∂-bm-Wv. kz¥w h¿K-Øn-ep-≈-hsc `£n-°p∂ k{º-Zmbw \q‰n-\m¬]-tXmfw Pohn-h¿K-ß-ƒ°nSbn¬ \ne-\n¬°p-∂psh-∂-Xn-\m¬ a\pjy-k-aq-l-Ønepw \c-t`m-P\w {]Ir-Xn]-c-am-sW∂pw AXn-\m¬ AXv A\p-hZn-°s∏-SW - s - a-∂p-ap≈ hmZ-ßfpw {]mYanI]cn-K-W\ t]mepw A¿ln-°mØ shdp-samcp hmZw am{X-am-sW∂-XmWv hmkvX-hw. AK-ay-Ka - \ - Ø - ns‚ (incest) Ah-ÿbpw CXp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. hnhm-l-_‘w ]mSn-√mØ ASpØ IpSpw-_-°m¿ XΩn¬ \S-°p∂ ssewKn-I-_-‘-amWv AKay-Ka - \ - w. amXm-]n-Xm-°fpw a°fpw XΩntem ktlm-Zcn ktlm-Zc - ∑ - m¿ XΩntem \S-°p∂ ssewKnI_-‘-amWv {][m-\ambpw AK-ay-K-a-\-ambn hyh-l-cn-°-s∏´p-t]m-cp-∂-Xv. arK-ß-fpsS temIØv hym]- I - a mbn I≠p- h - c p- ∂ - X m- W n- X v . F∂m¬ a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn°v hncp-≤a - mWv AK-ay-K-a-\-sa∂v Hcp hn[w F√m kaql-ßfpw kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p-≠v. AXp-sIm≠p-Xs∂ CXn-s\-Xnscbp≈ \nb-a߃ ]e-cm-Py-ßf - nepw \ne-\n¬°p-∂pap-≠v.(5) AK-ay-K-a\w {]Ir-Xn-hn-cp-≤-amsW∂pw s]mXp-[m-c-Wbv°v hncp-≤-ambn AXv A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-tS≠ Ah-Imi-am-sW∂ hmZhpw a\p-jy¿°n-S-bn¬ \n∂v Xs∂ Db¿∂ptIƒ°m≥ XpS-ßn°-gn-™n-´p-≠v. \mep a°-fpsS amXm-]nXm-°-fmb P¿a≥ ktlm-Z-c-߃ ]m{Sn-

Pohn-I-fn-se√mw kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-IX \ne-\n¬°p -∂p-s≠∂pw AXn-\m¬ AXv {]Ir-Xn-]-chpw a\pjy¿°v kzoI-cn-°m-\m-hp-∂-Xp-am-sW∂v hmZn-°p-∂-h¿ ]ns∂ F¥p-sIm-≠mWv a\p-jy-cn¬ ImWs∏-Sp∂ amc-I-amb ssewKn-I-tcm-K-߃ P¥p-°-fnsem∂pan√m-Ø-sX∂ tNmZy-Øn\v- Xr]vXn-I-c-amb DØ-csam∂pw \¬Im-dn-√.

°n-s‚bpw kqk-s‚bpw tIkn¬ P¿a≥ sslt°m-SXn Ah¿°v A\p-Iq-e-ambn hn[n-°p-sa∂v {]Xym-i- ]p-d-s∏-Sp-hn-°pIbpw hn[n-°-W-sa∂v hmZn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ a\p-jym-hI - mi {]h¿Ø-Icpw A`n-`m-j-I-cp-ap-≠v, P¿a-\n-bn¬.(6) arK߃ sNøp-∂p-sh-∂-Xn-\m¬ AK-ay-Ka-\hpw a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn°v tbmPn-°p-∂Xm--sW∂pw AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ AΩbpw aI\pw XΩn-epw A—\pw a°-fpw XΩn-epw ktlm-Z-cnbpw ktlm-Z-c\pw X-Ωn-ep≈ cXn-_-‘-ßsf√mw A\p-hZn-°s - ∏-tS-≠X - m-sW∂ hmZ-sØ-t∏mse A¿Y-iq-\y-amWv arK-߃°n-S-bn¬ kzh-¿K-cXn \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ AXv {]Ir-Xn-]-chpw A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xpam-sW∂ hmZ-hpw. 1990-I-fpsS XpS-°-Øn¬ Xs∂, arK߃°n-Sb - n¬ kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Ka - p-s≠∂v Is≠-Øn-°-gn-™m¬ AXv {]Ir-Xn-]c-am-sW∂p ÿm]n-°p-hm\pw AXp-hgn kzh¿K-cX - n-°m¿s°-Xn-sc-bp≈ \ne-]mSp-I-fn¬ am‰-ap-≠m-°m-\m-Ip-sa∂v AXn\-\p-Iq-ea - mbn kwkm-cn® ]ecpw {]Xymi ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°m≥ XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. kzh¿Km- \ p- c m- K n- I ƒ°- \ p- I q- e - a mbn akvXnjvIKth-jW - ß - sf hymJym-\n®v {it≤-b-\m-bn-Øo¿∂ Ata-cn-°≥ \yqtdm kb‚n-Ãmb kntam¨ en sh FgpXn arK-߃°n-S-bnse, hnti-jn®pw a\p-jy-c√ - mØ ss{]ta-‰p-Iƒ°n-Sb - nse ssewKn-I-kz-`m-h-ßsf Ipdn® ]T\w kz-h¿K-ssew-KnI{Inb-sbbpw ]p\-cp¬]m-Z-\-]-c-a-√mØ a‰p ssewKnI{Inb-Isfbpw kw_-‘n® aX kao-]-\-Øn¬ A- b - h p- ≠ m- ° m≥ km[y- X - b p- s ≠∂v tXm-∂p-∂p. kzh¿K-ssew-KnI kz`mhw "{]-Ir-Xn-hn-cp-≤-am-sW∂ XmØzn-I-\n-e]m-Sn-s\-Øs∂ Cu ]T-\-߃ sh√phn-fn°pw; ⁄m\hr£-Øn¬ \n∂p≈

^ew `pPn-®-Xp-aqew ]m]nbmbn-Øo¿∂ Poh-h¿K-Øn¬ am{Xw \ne-\n¬°p-∂XmWv CsX∂ kn≤m¥w AtXmsS XI-cpw.'(7) kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Ko-]-£-°m-c-mb imkv{X-⁄-∑m-cpsS \nc-¥-c-amb ]cn-{i-a-ßfpsS ^e-sa-t∂mWw ]pd-Øp-h∂ ]pkvXI - a - mWv ""ssPh-ssh-]peyw: arK-ßf - nse kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-I-Xbpw {]Ir-Xn-bnse sshhn-[y-hpw.''(8) {_n´ojv sImfw-_nb k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bn¬ `mjm-imkv{X Kth-j-I\pw A[ym-]-I-\p-amb {_qkv _msK-an¬ cNn® {]kvXpX ]pkvXIw 1999-emWv {]kn-≤o-Ic - n-°s - ∏-´X - v. A∂papX¬ Xs∂ kzh¿Km-\p-cmKw {]Ir-Xn-]-c-am-sW∂v ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Gsd FSp-Øp-]-tbmKn-°-s∏Sp∂p≠o {KŸw. {]kn-≤-amb temd≥kv vs sS-Ivkmkv tIkn¬ kzh¿Km\p-cmKw {]Ir-Xn-]-c-am-sW∂v ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Ata-cn-°≥ kp{]owtImSXn Cu ]pkvX-IsØ D≤cn-®-tXm-sS(9) ]pkvXIw Gsd {]kn-≤-am-bn. cN-bn-Xm-hmb {_qkv _msK-an¬ `mjm-im-k{XhnZ-K[≥ am{X-am-sW∂pw ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-tØtbm Ah-bv°n-S-bnse ssewKn-Im-`n-\n-th-i-tØbpw {]kvXpX A`n-\n-th-i-Øns‚ tNmZ-\-I-tfbpw Ipdn®v B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn A`n-{]m-b-߃ ]d-bm≥ A\¿l-\msW-∂p-ap≈ hkvXp-X-I-sfm∂pw Xs∂ 768 ]pd-ß-fn-embn arK-kz-h¿K-c-Xn-sbIp-dn®v hni-Z-ambn D]-\y-kn® ]pkvX-I-Øn-s\-Xnscbp≈ hmZ-ß-fmbn Bcpw D∂-bn-®n-´n-√. Cu ]pkvXIw hgn {_qkv _msK--an¬ Poh-im-kv{X-⁄-\mbn Adnb-s∏-Sm≥ XpSßn; Imcy-amb Poh-imkv{X _ncp-Z-ß-sfm-∂p-an-s√-¶nepw \ΩpsS ta\-Im-Km-‘nbpw Ct±-lsØ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv hokv tIm≥kn≥ k¿∆-Iem-im-e-bnse Poh-im-kv{X-⁄-\m-Wv.(10) P¥p-°ƒ kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-I-fm-sW∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv Poh-im-kv{X-⁄-\m-hp-tºm-gm-Wt√m AXv B[n-Im-cn-I-am-bn-Øo-cpI! {_qkv _msK-an-ens‚ ]pkvXI - sØ Bkv]Z- n®v t\m¿sh-bnse Hmkvsem k¿∆I-em-ime \m®p-d¬ lnÃdn ayqknbw "{]Ir-Xn-hn-cp≤w?' (against nature?) F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp FIvkn-_n-j≥ Bcw-`n-®n-´p≠v. 2006 sk]vXw-_d - n¬ XpS-ßnb FIvkn_n-j≥ Ct∏mƒ k©-cn-°p∂ {]Z¿i-\-im-e-bm-°n-bn-´p-≠v. Bbn-c-Øn-A-™qtdmfw Pohn-h¿K-ß-fn¬ kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-IX \nco-£n-°-s∏-´n-´p-s≠∂pw AXn¬ A™qsd-ÆØn-t‚Xv IrXy-ambn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´n-´p-s≠-∂p-amWv FIvkn-_nj≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.(11) Hcp B¨ Pndm^v as‰mcp B¨ Pndm-^n\p ta¬ Ib-dp-∂Xpw Htc enwK-Øn¬ s]´ hm\-c-∑m¿ ]c-kv]cw D±o-]n-∏n-°p-∂Xpw c≠v B¨ XnanwK-e-߃ ]c-kv]cw Dc-kp-∂Xpw t]mse-bp≈ Nn{X-߃ {]Z¿in-∏n-®p-sIm-≠mWv 51 arK-Pm-Xn-I-fn¬ kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-IX \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xmbn R߃ tcJ-s∏-SpØn-bn-´p-s≠∂v FIvkn-_n-js‚ s{]mPIvSv tIm˛-Hm¿Un-t\-‰-dmb sh‰¿ t_mIvam≥ Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.(12) arK-sN-bvXn-Isf a\p-jy-Xm¬]-cy-߃°-\p-k-cn®v hym-Jym-\n®v ASn-ÿm-\-c-ln-X-amb \nK-a-\-ß-fn-se-Øp∂Xns‚ H∂mw Xcw DZml-c-W-am-Wn-Xv. a\p-jy¿°n-S-bnepw ssewKn-I-sa∂v hymJym-\n-°m-hp∂ ssewKnI-X-bpsS em©\ t]mep-an-√mØ sNbvXn-I-fp-ap-≠v. Benw-K-\w, Npw_\w XpSßn-b-h-sb√mw ssewKn-I-a-√mØ Xe-Øn¬ a\p-jycpw sNøp-∂p-≠-t√m. Ahsb-√mw kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-I-X-bmbn hymJym-\n-°p-∂Xv F¥p-am{Xw henb ]mX-Iam-Wv! A`n-hmZyw sNøp-∂-Xn-\mbn Benw-K\w sNøp-Ibpw s\‰n-bnepw Ihn-fnep-sa√mw Npw_n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ a\p-jy-k-aq-l-ß-fn-ep-≈-h-sc-sb√mw Ch-cp-

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]-tbm-Kn® am\-ZWvUa\p-k-cn®v kzh¿K-t`m-Kn-I-fm-sW-∂mWt√m h∂p-tNcpI! bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Pohn-Iƒ°n-S-bn-eps≠∂v ]d-bp∂ kzh¿K-cX - n-bpsS bYm¿Yy-sa-¥mWv? kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-I-fmb imkv{X-⁄∑ - m¿ ]d-bp∂Xv t]mse AsXmcp kz`m-hnI arK-tNm-Z-\-bmtWm? arK-ß-fnepw kzh¿K-t{]-an-Ifpw FXn¿enwK {]W-bn-I-fp-apt≠m? Cu tNmZy߃°v DØcw a\- n-em-°-W-sa-¶n¬ arK-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-tfbpw tNmZ-\-Itfbpw Ipdn®v Nne ASn-ÿm\ hkvXp-XIƒ Adn-tb-≠X - p-≠v. a\p-jy-sc-t]m-seØs∂ arK-߃°pw P\n-XI - a - mbn e`n°p∂ Nne khn-tij kz`m-h-ß-fp-≠v. \mb°v aW-°p-hm\pw aqß°v Ccp´Øv ImWp-hm\pw h∆m-en\v i_vZ-ho-NnIƒ ]nSn-s®-Sp-°p-hm-\p-sa-√m-ap≈ Ignhp-Iƒ P\n-X-I-ambn e`n-°p-∂-h-bm-Wv. AtXm-sSm∏w Xs∂ Ahbpw kml-Ncy-߃°-\p-kc - n-®p≈ {]Xn-Ic - W - ß - ƒ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-∂p-≠v; _mlyhpw B¥cn-I-hp-amb {]tNm-Z-\-߃ A\p-k-cn®p≈ sNbvXn-Ifpw Ah-bv°p-≠v. P¥p{]-Xn-Ic - W - ß - ƒ Nn¥n®v A]-{K-Yn®v a\ n-em-°n-s°m≠v ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-∂X - √ - . {]Xn-I-c-W-Øn\v apºp≈ Nn¥bpw A]- { K- Y - \ hpw a\p- j y- a - k v X n- j v I Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-I-fmWv. C{µn-b߃ \¬Ip∂ hnh-c-߃°-\p-k-cn®p s]s´-∂p≈ {]Xn-Ic - W - a - mWv arK-ak - vXnjvIØn-t‚-Xv. Cu {]Xn-I-c-W-Øn\v IrXy-Xtbm _u≤n-I-amb ASn-Ødtbm D≠m-hp-I-bn-√. Hcp C{µnbw \¬Ip∂ Adnhpw as‰mcp C{µnbw \¬Ip∂ Adnhpw XΩn¬ sshcp-[y-ap-≠m-hptºmƒ arK-ß-fpsS {]Xn-I-c-W-tØbpw AXv _m[n-°pw. Cßs\ _m[n-°p-∂Xp-sIm-≠mWv Hcp-an-®p-t]m-Ip-Ib - n-s√∂v \ap°v Dd∏p tXm∂p∂ Nne kz`m-h߃ arK-ß-fn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. a°-sf sIm∂p-Xn-∂p∂ P¥p-kz`mhw Xs∂ DZm-l-c-W-ambn FSp-°p-I. kz¥w a°sf Xn∂-W-sat∂m kz¥w h¿K-Øn¬s]´ Ip™p-ßsf Xn∂-Wsat∂m arK-tØmSv I¬]n-°p∂ P\nX-It- c-JI - s - fm∂pw Xs∂-bn-√. F∂m¬ Xß-fpsS Cc-Isf kw_-‘n® Aht_m[w Ah°v \¬I-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. Cu Ah-t_m-[Ø - ns‚ shfn-®Ø - n-ep≈ a\ n-em-°¬ {]{In-b-bn¬ kw`-hn-°p∂

]mfn-®-I-fmWv kz¥w Ip™p-ßsf sIm-∂p-Xn-∂p∂-Xn-te°v Ahsc \bn°p-∂-Xv. ]q®-I-fn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ a°sf sIm∂p-Xn-∂p∂ G¿∏m-Sn-s\-Ip-dn®v {_n´-\nse "]q® kpc£ kanXn' (UK's cat protection)bnse kmdm-lm¿´v sh¬ A]-{K-Yn-®n-´p-≠v. ]q® Xs‚ a°-tfmsSm∏w Ifn-°p-∂X - n-\n-Sb - n-emWv th´°p th≠n-bp≈ B¥-cn-IXzc h¿[n-°pIbpw Ahsb sIm∂p-Xn-∂p-hm≥ Xømdm-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂s - X∂v Xs‚ "Ip™pßsf sIm√p∂ ]q®-Iƒ' (cats that kill kittens) F∂ teJ- \ - Ø n¬ Ah¿ ka¿Yn-°p-∂p-≠v.(13) Cc-bpsS kzchpw hen-∏hpw Ne-\-hp-sa√mw ]q®-°-p-™nt‚-Xn\v kam-\-amWv F∂-Xn-\m-em-Wv a°-tfm-sSm∏w Ifn-°p-tºmƒ th´-°p≈ tNmZ\ D±o-]n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-sX∂pw D±o-]\w krjvSn-°p∂ Bi-b-°-p-g-∏-Øn-em-

Wv Ip™p]q-®-Isf sIm∂p-Xn-∂m≥ ]q®-Iƒ k∂-≤-am-hp-∂-sX∂pw Ah¿ hy‡-am-°p-∂p. kzh¿K-amwkt`mP\w (cannibalism) Hcp am¿Pmc kz`m-h-a-√; {]XypX AXn\v kw`-hn-°p∂ A_-≤hpw A]N-b-hp-am-Wv F∂¿Yw. arK-ßf - n¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂p F∂p]dbp∂ kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-I-X-bpsS Imc-Wß-sf-s¥m-s°-bm-sW∂v IrXy-ambn A]-{K-Yn-°s - ∏-´n-´n-√. Hmtcm arK-Ønt‚bpw Imc-Wß - ƒ hyXy-kX v- am-hmw. ssewKnI{]I-S-\-ß-fm-sW∂v a\p-jy¿ a\ n-em-°p∂ Nne {]h¿Ø-\-߃ AhbpsS sNbvXn-I-fn¬ ImWm-sa-¶nepw Ah-bpsS e£yw ssewKnIkwXr]vXntbm XrjvWtbm Bbn-s°m-≈W - s - a∂n-√. Nne Pohn-I-fn¬ AXv ]q®-I-fn¬ kzh¿K-amw-k-t`m-P-\-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xpt]m-se-bp≈ Bi-

]ip ]ip-hns‚ tase Ib-dp-tºmƒ AXn\v {]P-\-\-Øn\v ]‰n-b- k-a-b-ambn F∂ kqN-\-bm-sW∂v AXns\ hf¿Øp∂-h¿°-dn-bmw. CXv ]ip-°ƒ°n-S-bnse sekv_n-b-\n-kam-sW∂v hymJym-\n-°p-∂-h¿ IY-b-dn-bmsX B´w am{Xw ImWp-Ibpw B´-Øn\v A\p-k-cn®v Ah-cp-tS-Xmb as‰mcp IY cq]o-I-cn-°pI-bp-amWv sN-øp-∂-Xv.-

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b-°p-g-∏-Øns‚ ^e-ambn D≠m-hp-∂-Xmhmw; a‰p Nne Pohn-I-fn¬ ssewKn-I-X-b-√mØ a‰p Nne Poh-imkv{X[¿Ω-߃ AXn\v D≠mhmw. ]ip ]ip-hns‚ tase Ib-dp-tºmƒ AXn\v {]P-\-\-Øn\v ]‰n-b- k-ab - a - mbn F∂ kqN-\b - m-sW∂v AXns\ hf¿Øp-∂h - ¿°dn-bmw. CXv ]ip-°ƒ°n-S-bnse sekv_n-b-\n-k-am-sW∂v hymJym\n-°p-∂h - ¿ IY-bd - n-bmsX B´w am{Xw ImWp-Ibpw B´-Øn\v A\pk-cn®v Ah-cp-tS-Xmb as‰mcp IY cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂-h-cp-amWv F∂XmWv hkvXp-X. a[ym-{^n-°-bnse tImwtKm-bnse ImSp-I-fn¬ Pohn-°p∂ t_mtWmt_m Ipc-ßp-I-sf-bmWv kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-I-fmb arK-ß-fn¬ G‰hpw {][m-\-s∏-´-Xmbn hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp∂Xv.(14) t_mtWm-t_mI-fpsS ssewKn-I-sa∂v tXm∂n-°p∂ s]cp-am-‰-߃°v AXn-\-∏p-dØp≈ e£y-ß-fp-s≠∂v hm\-c-∑msc Ipdn® Kth-j-W-Øn¬ At{K-k-c-\mb {^≠vkv _n.Fw.Un hmƒ hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v.(15) kwL-´\ - ß - ƒ C√m-bva- sN-øp-Ib - mWv t_mtWmt_m ssewKn-IX - bpsS H∂m-asØ e£yw. c≠v t_mtWm-t_m-Iƒ Htc km[-\Ø - n\v th≠n IpXn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ km[-\-Øn-\-Sp-sØ-Ønb tijw kwL¿jm-¥c - o-£a - mWv kwPm-Xa - m-hp-∂s - X-¶n¬ Hcmƒ as‰m-cm-fpsS apI-fn¬ Ib-dp-Ibpw AtXmsS kwL¿j eLq-Ic - Ww D≠m-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂psh∂-XmWv CXn-\p-Zm-lc - W - a - mbn Un hmƒ D≤-cn-°p∂ kw`-hß - f - n-sem-∂v. {]iv\ßfn¬ cay-Xb - n-se-Øp-∂X - n\p th≠nbpw Ch ssewKn-IX - sb D]-tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≠v. Hcp B¨ t_mtWmt_m s]¨ t_mtWm-t_m-bpsS ASp-Øp-\n∂v as‰mcp BWns\ Akq-bm-[n-jvTn-X-ambn HmSn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, c≠p t]cp-sSbpw ssewKn-Imhb-h-߃ Dc-kp-Ibpw {]iv\w cay-ambn Ah-km-\n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-as{X! Npcp-°Øn¬, t_mtWmt_m hm\-c-∑m-cn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ enwKw -sIm-≠p≈ Ifn-Iƒ°v ssewKn-I-X-b-√mØ a‰p e£y-ß-fp-≠v. AXp-a-\- n-em-°m-Ø-h-cmWv B ]mhw Ipc-ß-∑msc arK-tem-IsØ kzh¿K-cXn hnZ-Kv[-cmbn hnebn-cp-Øp-∂-Xv. Pohn-I-fn¬ ImWp-∂p-sh∂v Btcm-]n-°-s∏-Sp∂ Htcm kzh¿K-ssew-KnIXm{]I-S-\-ß-fnepw ssewKn-I-a-√mØ Poh-im-kv{X-]-c-amb a‰p e£y-ß-fp-≠mbn-cn-°pw. {]kvXpX e£y-ß-fn¬ NneXv \ap°v a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-™n-´n-s√∂ Imc-W-Øm¬ Fß-s\-bmWv Ah-sb√mw a\p-jy-cnse kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-Isf t]mse-bm-sW∂v ]d-bm≥ km[n-°p-I. \mbIfn-¬ Btcm-]n-°-s∏-Sp∂ kzh¿Kssew-Kn-I-X-bpsS bmYm¿YysØ ]‰n "Ata-cn-°≥ skmssk‰n t^m¿ Zn {]nsh≥j≥ Hm^v {Iph-¬‰n ‰p B\n-a¬kn's‚ kvs]jy¬ s{]mPIvSvkv Ub-dIvS¿ Pm°v enw kvIqƒkv Fgp-Xp-∂p-≠v.(16) km[m-c-W-bmbn \mb-bpsS apI-fn¬ \mb Ib-dp-∂Xv Ahs‚ A[oiXzw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-hm-\m-Wv. Rm\mWv "t_mkv' F∂v a‰p-≈-hsc ImWn-°p-I-bmWv CXns‚ e£yw. CSbv°v ]´nIfpw Cu Bhiy-m¿Yw a‰p -]-´n-Iƒ°p-tase Ib-dm-dp-≠v. CtX-t]mse Xs∂ NqSm-bn-°-gn™ ]´n-bpsS aWw \mbsb ssewKnIZml-ap≈h\m°nØo¿°p-Ibpw At∏mƒ BZyw ImWp-∂-Xm-cmtWm Ah-cpsS ta¬ Ib-dp∂ kz`m-h-hp-ap-≠v. {]kvXpX aWw Im‰n-eqsS aq°n-seØn Ign-™m¬ ASp-Øp-≈Xv ]´n-bmtWm AX√ \mbbmtWm Fs∂m∂pw t\m°m≥ \mbIfn¬ NneXn\v Ign-bm-dn-√. Cu ka-bØv Nne-t∏mƒ a\p-jy¿°v tase hsc \mb Ib-dm≥ km[y-X-bp-≠v. \mb-bpsS kzh¿K-kvt\-l-a√ {]XypX NqSm-bn-°gn™ kv{XoK‘-tØm-Sp≈ {]Xn-I-c-Wam-Wn-X.v XnI®pw Poh-imkv{X]c-amb Hcp {]Xn-`m-kw. CXns\ \mbIfnse kzh¿Km\p-cm-Ka - mbn sX‰n-≤c - n-∏n-°p-hm≥ {ian-°p-∂Xv henb ]mXIw Xs∂-bm-Wv. arK-ß-fnepw kzh¿Km-\p-cmKw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p-s≠∂pw AXn-\m¬ AXv {]IrXn-]-chpw P\n-X-I-hp-am-sW∂pw AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Ønepw AXv A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-S-W-sa-∂p≈ hmZ-߃°v bmsXm-cp-hn[ imkv{Xob ASn-Ø-d-bpan-s√∂v A\p-Iq-en-I-fpsS ]T-\-߃ ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ Xs∂ t_m[y-am-hpw. kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-If - psS Ah-Im-iß - ƒ°p-th≠n kwkm-cn-°p∂ kntam¨ en hmbv Fgp-Xp-∂Xv ImWpI ""arK-߃°n-Sb - n¬ kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-IX hym]-Ia - m-sW-¶nepw, 2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

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FXn¿ h¿K-ssew-Kn-I-X°v ]I-c-ambn kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-IX kzoI-cn®v Zo¿LImew \ne\n¬°p∂ k{º-Zmbw Ahbv°n-S-bn¬ hnc-f-am-sW-∂mWv tXm∂p-∂-Xv. kzh-¿K-ssew-Kn-Im-`n-\n-thiw arK-߃°n-S-bn¬ Xosc ImW-s∏-Sp-∂n-s√-∂-XmWv hmkvX-hw.''(17) kzh¿Km-\p-cm-K-ambn hymJym-\n-°s∏-Sp∂ arK-h¿Ø-\-ß-sfm∂pw Xs∂ Ah ÿnc-ambn sIm≠p-\-S-°p-∂-X-√, Nne {]tXyI kµ¿`-ßf - n¬ Ah Aßs\ s]cp-am-dp-sa∂v am{Xtabp≈qsh∂v ]d-™m¬ AXns‚ A¿Y-sa-¥m-Wv? arK-ß-sfm∂pw Xs∂ {]Ir-Xn-]-ctam P\n-X-Itam Bbn kzh¿K-cXn-°m-c-√, {]XypX Nne {]tXyI kµ¿`-ß-fnse Poh-imkv{X]c-amb tNmZ-\-Iƒ°p≈ {]Xn-I-c-W-sa∂ \ne-°mWv kzh¿Kssew-Kn-I-X-sb∂v tXm∂n-°p∂ arKh¿Ø-\-ß-fp-≠m-hp-∂Xv F∂√msX as‰m-∂p-√. Cu hkvXpX kzh¿K-c-Xn°m-cmb imkv{X-⁄¿ t]mepw AwKoI-cn-°p-hm≥ \n¿_-‘n-Xm-cm-hp-∂X - m-Wv \ap-°n-hnsS ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂X - v. kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-IX {]Ir-Xn-]-chpw P\n-X-Ihp-am-sW∂ hmZ-Øn\v Dt]m¬_-e-Iamb sXfn-hp-Is - fm∂pw Xs∂ CXp-hsc e`n-®n-´n-s√-∂-XmWv hmkvX-hw. "{]Ir- Xn- ] cw' F∂p- ] - d bp--tºmƒ A¿Y-am-°p-∂Xv Pohn-bpsS {]Ir-Xnbn¬ Xs∂ {]kvXpX Imcyw tcJ-s∏Sp-Øs - ∏-´n-cn-°p∂psh∂-Xm-Wt- √m. P\nX-I-Øns‚ `mj-bn¬ ]d-™m¬ t{Imtam-tkm-ap-Iƒ°-IØv P\n-XItImUp-

I-fmƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏´ kz`m-h-ßfmWv {]Ir-Xn-]-cw. `n∂h¿K-ssew-KnIX {]Ir-Xn-]-c-am-bXpsIm≠p Xs∂ kv{Xobp-tSbpw ]pcp-j-t‚bpw ico-chpw a\ pw ssewKn-Im-h-b-h-ß-fp-sa√mw AXn-\v ]‰nb coXn-bn-emWv kwhn-[m\n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. kv{Xoi-cocw arZpehpw amwk-f-hp-amWv; ]pcp-j-i-cocw ZrUhpw t]io-\n¿an-Xhpw. ]pcp-j\p Imgv N DtØ- P - \ - Ø n\v ; ]pcp- j s\ DtØ- P n- ∏ n- ° m≥ t]m∂ kuµcyw kv{Xo°v. ]pcp-j\p s]Æns\ ImWptºmƒ kvt\l-{Z-h-Øns‚ D¬]m-Z\w; kv{Xo°v CjvS-s∏´ ]pcp-j≥ Xtem-Sptºmƒ _¿tØm-en≥ {kh-Øns‚ ]pd∏mSv. kvt\l-{Zhw ip¢-Øn\v hgn-sbmcp-°p∂p; _¿tØm-en-e≥ {khw enwK{]-th-i\w Ffp-∏-am-°p-Ibpw cXn-kp-JØn\v am‰pIq-´p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. imcocn- I - _ ‘w Ign- b p- t ºmƒ ]pcp- j \v Ft¥m \jvS-s∏-´-Xp-t]mse iq\yX A\p-`h - s - ∏-Sp∂p; kv{Xo°v Ft¥m e`n®-Xp-t]mse \ndhv tXm∂p-∂p. ]pcp-jenw-Khpw kv{Xoenw-Khpw ]c-kv]cw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂h. Cßs\ F√m Imcy-ßfpw kv{Xo]p-cpj ssewKn-IX ]c-kv]c]qc- I hpw {]Ir- X n- ] - c - h p- a m- s W∂v hy‡-am-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-I-Xtbm? AXn\v ]‰p∂ cq]-Øn-emtWm a\pjys‚ a\ pw ico-chpw kwhn-[m-\n°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂ tNmZy-Øn\v B¿°pw ]d-bm-\m-hp∂ DØcw "A√' F∂p Xs∂-bm-Wv. AXns‚ Bfp-Iƒ AXn\v ]‰nb cq]-Øn¬ a\- n-t\bpw ico-c-tØbpw k÷-am-°p-hm≥ Ir{Xna-amb am¿K-ß-fp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. KpZssaY-p-\-Øn\pw (anal sex) XpSssaYp-\-Øn\pw (intercrural sex) enwK-Øns‚ kwXr-]vX-amb Ne\-Øn\v Ir{Xna Ipg-ºp-Iƒ (artificial lubricants) D]-tbm-Kn-t°≠n hcp-∂p. KpZtam XpStbm enwKsØ Dƒs°m-≈p-Ib√; _em¬°m-c-ambn Dƒs°m-≈n-°pI-bmWv F∂¿Yw. Cßs\ Hmtcm Imcy-Øn\pw Ir{Xn-aX-zß - sf Iq´p-]n-Sn-t°≠-Xmbn hcpw kzh¿Km\p-cm-Kn-Iƒ°v. AXv {]Ir-Xn-]c - a - s - √∂ hkvXp-Xb - mWv Cu Ir{Xn-a-Xz-߃ hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xv. kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-Iƒ°n-S-bnse amcI-tcm-K-ßfpw AXv {]Ir-Xn-hn-cp-≤-amsW∂ hkvXpX hnfn-t®m-Xp-∂p-≠v.

Ata-cn-°-bnse "skt‚¿kv t^m¿ Unkokv I¨t{Sm-fn's‚ (CDC) 2003se IW-°p-Iƒ {]Imcw FbnUvkv tcmKnI-fn¬ 63 iX-am\w ]pcp-j-∑m¿°pw {]kvXpX tcmK-ap-≠m-bn-´p-≈Xv kzh¿Kkw-t`mKw hgn-bm-Wv.(18) \ne-hn-ep≈ B‚n-_t- bm-´n-°p-Is - f-sb√mw \n¿ho-cyam-°p∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈ Ãm^v _mIvSocn-b-Iƒ ]c-Øp∂ ]pXnb Hcp Xcw Xz°v tcmKw km≥{^m≥knkv t Im, t_mè, \yqtbm¿°v, temkv G©¬knse XpS- ß nb ÿe- ß - f nse kzh¿K{]W-bn-Iƒ°n-Sb - n¬ ]S¿∂p-]nSn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn 2008 P\p-hcn 15mw Xnø-Xn-bnse "km≥{^m≥knkvtIm t{ImWn-°vƒ' dnt∏m¿´v sNøp-∂p.(19) B‚n- _ - t bm- ´ n- ° p- I ƒ°v hg- ß mØ _mIvSo-cn-b-I-fmWv Cu Akp-J-ap-≠m°p-∂Xv F∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ CXns\ NnIn¬kn®p t`Z--am-°m≥ Ign-bmsX {]bm- k - s ∏- S p- I - b mWv Ata- c n- ° ≥ BtcmKyhIp-∏v. Ata-cn-°-bn¬ \n∂v \njvIm-k\w sNø-s∏-´p-sh∂v Icp-Xnbn- c p∂ kn^n- e nkpw 2000 apX¬ kzh¿K-t`m-Kn-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ h¿[n-®p-h-

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cn- I - b m- s W∂pw C∂v Ahn- s S- b p≈ kn^n-enkvtcmKn-I-fn¬ 65 iX-am-\hpw kzh¿K-t`m-Kn-I-fmsW∂pw 2009 P\phcn 15\v ]pd-Øp-h∂ Hcp ]T\w hy‡am-°p-∂p.(20) sKmtW-dnb, enwt^m-{Km\p-tem-as - h-t\-dnbw, t{]mIvS- n-‰nk,v sl∏ss‰-‰nkv, jnKn-t√m-knkv, KpZ- Iym≥k¿ XpS- ß nb ssewKnItcmK- ß - s f√mw kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ hfsc IqSp-X-em-Wv.(21) kzh¿K-t`m-Kn-Iƒ°v KpZ--Ønepw h≥Ip-S-en-ep-ap-≠m-hp∂ tcmK-ßsf samØ-Øn¬ tK _h¬ kn≥t{Umw (gay bowel syndromme) F∂p-hn-fn-°p∂ k{º-Zmbw 1976 apX¬ `njKz--c-∑m¿°n-S-bn¬ hym]-I-am-bn-cp∂p. i‡-amb kzh¿Km-\p-cmKn {]Xntj-[-߃ hgn Ata-cn-°-bnepw bptdm∏n-ep-ap-≈-h¿ Aßs\ {]tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xn¬ \n∂pw amdn-\n¬°p-hm≥ \n¿_‘n-X-am-hp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. kzh¿Kssew-Kn-IX {]Ir-Xn-]-c-am-sW∂v hmZn°p- ∂ - h ¿, ]ns∂ F¥p- s Im- ≠ mWv kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-Iƒ°n-Sn-bn¬ C{X-b[nIw tcmK-߃ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-sX∂v hni-Zo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. kzh¿Km-\p-cm-

Kn-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ am{X-a-√t√m Cu tcmKß-sfm∂pw ImW-s∏-Sp∂-sX∂v ]d™v kam-[m-\-a-S-bp-I-bmWv AØ-c-°m¿ sNøp-∂-Xv. AkpJ-ß-fn¬ an°-Xn-t‚bpw XpS°w kzh¿K-t`m-Kn-If - n¬ \n∂mWp-≠m-hp-∂-sX∂pw AØ-c-°m-cp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp∂ a‰p-≈-h¿°v {]kvXpX tcmKw ]I-cp-Ibpw Ah-cn¬ \n∂v km[m- c - W - ° m- c n- t e°v ]I- c p- I - b p- a mWv sNøp-∂-sX∂pap≈ hkvXpX Cu hmZap-∂b - n-°p-∂h - ¿ t_m[-]q¿∆w ad-®p-sh°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. Pohn-I-fn-se√mw kzh¿K-ssew-KnIX \ne-\n¬°p-∂p-s≠∂pw AXn-\m¬ AXv {]Ir-Xn-]-chpw a\p-jy¿°v kzoIcn-°m-\m-hp-∂-Xp-am-sW∂v hmZn-°p-∂h¿ ]ns∂ F¥p-sIm-≠mWv a\p-jy-

]d- b m- \ p≈ Ah- k m- \ sØ \ymbw AØcw ssewKn-Im-`n-\n-th-i-Øn\v hnt[-b-h-cm-b-h¿°v ]ns∂ AXn¬ \n∂v amdm-\m-hn-s√-∂-XmW.v kzh¿K{]Wbn Ft∏mgpw kzh¿K-{]-Wbn Xs∂-bm-bncn-°p-sa∂pw Abmƒ°v kwXr-]vX-amb FXn¿h¿Kssew-Kn-IX Bkz-Zn-°p-hmt\m hnhm-lP - o-hnXw \bn-°p-hmt\m Ignbp-I-bn-s√-∂p-amWv hmZn-°s∏-Sp-∂Xv. Adn-b-s∏´ Nne kzh¿K-{]-W-bn-I-fp-tSbpw kzh¿K-{]-W-bn\-nI-fp-tSbpw PohnXIY-\-߃ CXn\v sXfn-hmbn D≤-cn°-s∏-SpIbpw sNøp∂p; kzh¿Km-\p-cmKn-I-fpsS A\p-`-h-hn-h-c-W-߃ CXn\v tNcp-h-bmbn tN¿°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂-tXmsS kzh¿K-ssew-Kn-IX {]Ir-Xn]-c-am-sW∂v ÿm]n-®-Xp-t]m-se-bmbn-

ssZh-t_m-[hpw ]c-tem-I-Nn-¥bpw hy‡n-Xz-sØ-Xs∂ am‰p-hm≥ t]m∂-Xm-sW∂ hkvX - pX Ncn{Xw sXfn-bn-®n-´p≈Xm-Wv. kzh¿Km-\p-cm-K-sa∂ hy‡nXz sshI-eysØ am‰nsb-Sp-°p-hm≥ ]‰nb G‰-hpw A\p-tbm-Py-amb NnIn¬kbpw hn-izm-k-hn-πhw Xs∂-bm-Wv.

cn¬ ImWs∏-Sp∂ amc-I-amb ssewKnI-tcm-K-߃ P¥p-°-fn-sem∂pan√m-ØsX∂ tNmZy-Øn\pw Xr]vXn-I-c-amb DØ-c-sam∂pw \¬Im-dn-√. hyXykvX coXn-I-fn-ep≈ ssewKn-IX Bkz-Zn-°p∂-h-sb∂v Atcm-]n-°-s∏-Sp∂ t_mtWmt_m IpcßpIƒ°n-S-bn¬ \n∂pt]mepw amc-I-amb Fbn-Uvkn-s\-t]mse-bp≈ tcmK-ßs - fm∂pw dnt∏m¿´v sNø-s∏-´n-´n-√. hnhm-l-_m-ly-ssew-Kn-IX a\p-jy-cn¬ am{X-sa-¥p-sIm≠v {]iv\߃ krjvSn-°p∂ Hcp G¿∏m-Smbn Xo¿∂p-sh∂ tNmZy-Øn\v tK BIvSnhn-Ãp-If - p-tStbm kzX{¥ssewKn-IX - b - psS h‡m-°-fp-tStbm ssIbn¬ hy‡amb DØ-c-ß-sfm-∂p-an-√. arK-ß-f-sS sNbvXn-Iƒ a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn°v hncp-≤am-b-Xn-\m-em-Wt√m AØcw sshIr-Xß-fn-te¿s∏-Sp-∂h - ¿ amcItcmK-߃°v ASn-a-s∏-tS≠nhcp-∂-Xv. kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Khpw ssewKn-IX - bpw {]Ir-Xn-hn-cp-≤-a-s√∂v hmZn-°p-∂-h¿°v

Øocp-∂p.(22) km[m-cW kv{Xo]p-cp-j∑m¿°v FXn¿enw-K-Øn-ep-≈-h-tcmSv tXm∂p∂ cq]-Øn-ep≈ XnI®pw {]IrXn-]c - a - mb BI¿jWw am{X-amWv kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-Iƒ XΩn-ep-ap-≠m-hp-∂-sX∂v ÿm]n-°p-hm-\mWv CsX√mw D]tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. tKIfpw sekv_nb-\p-Ifpw P\n-°p-∂Xv Aß-s\-bm-bns°m-≠p-Xs - ∂-bm-sW∂pw acn-°p-∂Xpw Aß-s\-Ø-s∂-bm-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂pamWv hmZw. Ip´n-°m-e-Øp-≠mb at\m-hy-Xn-bm\-ß-fm¬ kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-I-fm-bn-Øo¿∂-h¿°v Ah¿ Aß-s\-Xs∂ P\n-®h-cm-sW∂v tXm∂p-sa-∂Xv Hcp hkvXpX-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ \√ in£-Whpw NnIn¬kbpw e`n-°p-Ib - m-sW-¶n¬ AØc-°m-sc-t∏mepw ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-°m-\m-hpsa-∂mWv ]T-\-߃ hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xv. AØ-c-samcp ]T-\-Øn\v k∂-≤-ambn F∂ Imc-W-Øm¬ kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-IfpsS `’-\-߃°v ]m{X-amb BfmWv

2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

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tUm: tdm_¿´v F¬ kv]n‰vk¿. 1973¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏´ Ata-cn-°≥ sskIym-{Sn‰vkv Atkm-kn-tb-js‚ Un.-Fkv.Fw IIIbm¬ at\m-ssh-I-ey-ß-fpsS ]´n-I-bn¬ \n∂v kzh¿K-c-Xnsb \o°w sNøp-hm-\p≈ ]cn-{i-a-Øn\p ap∂n¬ \n∂-bm-fmWv tUm: kv]n‰vk¿. AXpsIm-≠p-Xs∂ At±lw kzh¿Km-\p-cmKn-Iƒ°v Gsd CjvSs - ∏´ Bfm-bn-cp-∂p, 2001 hsc. B h¿jw \S∂ Ata-cn-°≥ sskIym- { SnÃv Atkm- k n- t b- j s‚ hm¿jnIktΩ-f-\-Øn-emWv Hcm-fpsS ssewKn-Im-`n-\n-thiw kzh¿Km-\p-cm-KØn¬ \n∂v FXn¿h¿Km-\p-cm-K-Ønte°pw Xncn®pw am‰m-\m-hp-sa∂v ka¿Yn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ Xs‚ ]T-\-{]-_‘w At±lw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-Xv. AXn\v i‡amb {]Xn-I-c-W-ß-fp≠m-bn. kv]n‰vkdpsS {]_‘w A_≤]©mw-K-am-sW∂pw At±lw D]-tbm-Kn® coXn Aimkv{Xo-b-am-sW∂pw AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ F.-]n.F hm¿jn-I-tbm-K-Øn¬ AXv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-hm≥ kΩ-Xn-°m≥ ]mSn√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw hsc hmZ-ßf - p-ap-≠mbn.(23) F∂m¬ c≠p-h¿j-߃°p-tijw 2003 HIvtSm-_-dn¬ B[n-Im-cnI ssewKn-I-imkv{X]T-\-߃ am{Xw {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p∂ "B¿°nhnkv Hm^v skIvjz¬ _ntl-hn-b¿ amK-kn-\n'¬ "Nne kzh¿K-{]-WnbnIƒ°pw {]W-bn\n-Iƒ°pw Ah-cpsS ssewKn-Im-`n-\n-thiw am‰m-\m-hptam?'(can some gay men and lesbians change their sexual orientation?)(24) F∂ Xe-s°-t´mSp IqSn {]kvXpX {]_‘w A®-Sn-®p-h-∂p. AtXmSp-IqSn kv]n‰vsk-dpsS {]_‘w B[nIm-cn-Ia - s - √∂ hmZ-Øn\v \ne-\n¬∏n-√msX-bm-bn. B¿sI-hnkv Hm^v skIv-jz¬ _ntl-hn-b-dns‚ Hcp kvt]m¨-ksd cmPn-sh-∏n-®p-sIm-≠mWv kzh¿Km-\p-cmKn-Iƒ CXn-t\mSv {]Xn-Imcw ImWn-®Xv. kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-I-fm-b-h¿°v XßfpsS ssewKn-Im-`n-\n-thiw am‰m≥ Ignbptamsb∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p tUm: kv]n‰v-kdpsS 16 amkw \o≠p-\n∂ ]T-\-Øns‚ hnjbw. kzh¿Km-`n-\n-thiw am‰-W-sa∂v kzbw \n›-bn-®p-sIm≠v NnIn¬kI¿°-Sp-sØ-Ønb 247 t]sc-bmWv At±lw ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°n-b-Xv. AXn¬ 200 t]¿°pw kzh¿Km-\p-cm-K-Øns‚ ]nSn-bn¬ \n∂v ]q¿W-ambpw ap‡n-t\Sm- \ m- s b- ∂ mWv Ign™ A©p- h ¿-

jsØ Ah-cpsS PohnXw hy‡-am-°p∂-sX∂v kv]n‰vsk-dpsS ]T\w hy‡am-°n. Cßs\ kzh¿Km-\p-cm-K-Øns‚ {ZwjvS-ß-fn¬ \n∂v c£-s]-´-h-cn¬ 143 t]¿ ]pcp-j-∑mcpw 57 t]¿ kv{XoI-fpam-bn-cp-∂p. 76 iX-am\w ]pcp-j∑m¿°pw 47 iX-am\w kv{XoIƒ°pw Cu Zpxkz`m-hØ - n¬ \n∂v c£-s∏-Sm-\m-bXv hnhml-Øn\p tij-am-bn-cp-∂p. kzh¿Km-\pcmKw P∑\m \n›-bn-°s - ∏--´X - m-sW∂pw Aß-s\-bp≈h¿°v AXn¬ \n∂pw c£-s∏-Sm-\m-In-s√-∂p-ap≈ hmZ-Øns‚ ISbv°v IØn-sh-°p-IbmWv kv]n‰vkdpsS ]T-\ß - ƒ sNbvXX - v. At±-lt- ØmSp≈ kzh¿K-{]-Wbn {]ÿm-\-ß-fpsS FXn¿∏ns‚ Imc-Whpw AXp-X-s∂-bmbn-cp-∂p. kzh¿Km-\p-cm-K-Øns‚ ]nSp-Ø-Øn¬ \n∂v c£-s∏--´-h-cpsS kwL-S-\-Iƒ C∂v Ata-cn-°-bnepw bqtdm]y≥ cmPyß-fn-ep-sa√mw kPo-ha - mbn {]h¿Øn-®ph-cp-∂p-≠v. kzh¿K-c-Xn-°m-cm-b-hsc {]kvXpX Zpx»-o-e-Øn¬ \n∂p am‰p-Isb∂ e£y-tØmsS {]h¿Øn-°p∂ Ch¿ "FIvkv tK Hm¿K-ss\-tk-j-\pIƒ' (ex-gay organizations) F∂mWv Adnb-s∏-Sp-∂X - v. kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-If - m-bn-ØXo-cp-∂-h-cn¬ `qcn-]-£hpw ss{IkvXhcm-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ CØcw Iq´m-bva-I-fp≠m-bXpw H∂m-a-X-mbn Ah¿°n-S-bn¬ \n∂p-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. 1973¬ Iment^m¿Wn-b-bn¬ ÿm]n-°-s∏´ "eu C≥ BIvj≥' BWv kzh¿K-{]-W-bm°-fm-bn-cp-∂h - c - psS BZysØ kwLS\. {InkvXp-hn-ep≈ hnizmkw hgn kzh-¿Km-\p-cm-K-Øns‚ ]nSn-bn¬ \n∂v hnSpX¬ t\Sp-hm-\m-hp-sa∂v {]t_m-[n-∏n°p∂ "FIvtkm-Ukv C‚¿\m-jW -- -emWv G‰hpw i‡-amb {InkvXy≥ FIvkv tK Iq´m-bva. kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-I-fm-bn-cp∂-hcpw ]n∂oSv AXn¬ \n∂v hn-Sp-X¬ t\Sn-b-h-cp-amb PqX-∑m-cpsS Iq´m-bvabmWv "A’vXv s\t^¿kv'. 2001¬ d∫n kvtemtam Ahn-\¿ ÿm]n® CXns‚ Bÿm\w Ckvdm-tb-em-Wv. kzh¿Km\p-cm-Kn-I-fm-bn-Øo¿∂ apkvenw-ßsf AXn¬ \n∂v c£s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v {ian°p∂ {_n´-\nse "kvss{S‰v th ^ut≠j\pw'(25) "AØu--_bp' bpam-Wv(26) Cu cwK-Øp≈ apkvenw kwL-S\ - I - ƒ. kzh¿Km-\p-cm-Kn-Iƒ Aß-s\-Xs∂ P\n-°p∂-h-cm-sW∂pw Ah¿°v AXn¬ \n∂v

c£s∏-Sm-\m-hp-∂n-s√-∂p-ap≈ hmZ-ßsf sh√p-hn-fn-®p-sIm≠v Cu FIvkv tK Iq´m-bva-I-fp-tS-bp-sa√mw AwK-߃ h¿[n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ib - m-sW∂v dnt∏m¿´pIƒ hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xv.(27) sNdp-∏Ø - n-ep-≠mb at\mhyXn-bm-\Øn¬ \n∂mWv Hcmƒ°v kzh¿K-ssewKn-Im-`n-\n-th-ia - p-≠m-hp-∂s - X-¶n¬ AXv Nn-In¬kn®p am‰pI A¬]w {]bm-kI-c-am-sW-¶nepw Akm-[y-a-√. ]n¬°-me-L-´-ß-fnse kmaq-ly-km-l-N-cy-ß-fn¬ \n∂mWv Hcmƒ kzh¿K-c-Xn-°m-c-\mbn-Øo-cp-∂s - X-¶n¬ Abmsf NnIn¬kn°pI Xmc-X-ta\y Ffp-∏-am-Wv. BZyw ]d™ hn`m-K-Øn¬ Xs‚ `n∂-h¿K hy‡n-Xzhpw kzh¿Km-\p-cmK Xzcbpw Bg-Øn¬ thtcm-Sn-bXpw hy‡n-Xz-Øn¬ Xs∂ AXp{]Im-ca - p≈ am‰-ßf - p-≠mbn-Øo¿∂hcp-am-Wv F∂-Xn-\m-emWv AØ-c-°msc t`Zam-°pI Ffp-∏-a-s√∂v kqNn-∏n-®Xv. F∂m¬ AØ-c° - msc t]mepw i‡-amb hnizm-k-Nn-In¬ksIm≠v am‰n-sb-Sp-°m-\m-hpw. k¿th-izc-\mb {kjvSm-hn-ep≈ t_m[hpw acWm-¥cPohn-XsØ Ipdn® IrXy-amb Adnhpw \¬In-sIm-≠v, ]S-®-h≥ shdp°p-∂Xpw ]c-tem-IØv in£n-°-s∏-Sp∂-Xp-amWv kzh¿K-{]-Wb - s - a∂ hkvXpX t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ D≠m-hp-∂Xp-t]m-ep≈ am‰w at‰-sXmcp "tISpXo¿°¬ NnIn¬k' (reparative therapy) sIm≠pw D≠m-°m-\m-hn-√. ssZh-t_m[hpw ]c-tem-I-Nn-¥bpw hy‡n-Xz-sØXs∂ am‰p-hm≥ t]m∂-Xm-sW∂ hkvXpX Ncn{Xw sXfn-bn-®n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. kzh¿Km-\p-cm-K-sa∂ hy‡nXz sshIeysØ am‰n-sb-Sp-°p-hm≥ ]‰nb G‰hpw A\p-tbm-Py-amb NnIn¬kbpw hnizm-k-hn-πhw Xs∂-bm-Wv. ss]im-Nn-Iamb t_m[-\-߃°v ASn-a-s∏´v Xn∑bp-sS ]mX kzoI-cn®v hgn-sX-‰n-t∏m-bh¿°v \∑-bpsS am¿Kw ImWn-®p-sImSp-°p-hm\pw t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm\pw Ign™m¬ am‰-ap-≠m-Ip-sa-∂Xv Xo¿®-bmWv. \in-∏n-°s - ∏´ ]q¿∆ kap-Zm-bß - sf Ipdn®v ]cm-a¿in-°p-tºmƒ Ah¿°v a\ n-em-°p-hm≥ Ign-hp-≠m-bn´pw ]nimNns‚ Ime-Sn-∏m-Sp-Iƒ ]n≥]-‰n-b-XmWv \mi-Øn\v \nan-Øa - m-bs - X∂v Jp¿-B≥ hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v. ""BZv, YaqZv kapZmbßsfbpw (\mw \in∏n°pIbp≠mbn) AhcpsS hmk-

2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

44

kvYeßfn¬ \n∂v \n߃°Xv hyIvXambn a\ nembn´p≠v. ]nimNv Ah¿°v AhcpsS {]h¿Ø\߃ `wKnbmbn tXm∂n°pIbpw Ahsc icnbmb am¿KØn¬ \n∂v XSbpIbpw sNbvXp. (hmkvXhØn¬) Ah¿ I≠dnbphm≥ Ignhp≈cmbncp∂p.'' (29:38) ]nim-Nns‚ ]mX-bn¬ A`n-ca - n-°p-∂hsc AXn¬ \n∂v kz¥w [¿asØ Ipdn® icn- b mb Ah- t _m- [ - Ø n- t e°v \bn-°m≥ Ign-™m¬ kzh¿Km-\p-cm-KnIsf kpJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm-\mhpw; hnizm-ktØ-°mƒ i‡-amb Hcp Bbp-[hpw B Ah-t_m[ cq]o-I-c-W-Øn-\mbn am\-h-cm-in-bpsS ]°-en√. ÿmbn-bmb am‰-ap-≠m-°p-hm≥ G‰hpw A\p-tbm-Pyamb NnIn¬k hnizm-k-Nn-In¬k Xs∂-bm-sW-∂mWv Ncn-{Xhpw A\p-`-hhpw \¬Ip∂ ]mTw. d-^-d≥-kv1. amXr-`qan hmcm-¥-∏-Xn∏v 5˛7-˛2009 2. www.bihartimes.com/ maneka/homosexuali ty.html 3. mathrubhumi.org/ news/ phd/id=1938 & cat=1 & sub=31& subit=0 4. www.whereincity.com/ india-kids/ animals 5. www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc.htm 6. Splegel Online International 03-11-2008 7. Simon Le Vay: Queer Science. The Use and Abuse of Research in to Homosexuality (1996) Page 209 8. Bruce Bagemihl: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Discovery (1999)/ssewKn-IX 9. http://supreme.justia.com/us/539/558/case.html 10.amXr-`qan hmcm-¥-∏-Xn∏v 5˛7-˛2009 11. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/ni/europe/6066606.stm 12. www.ipets.com/blog/2007-01-01archiever.html 13. www.messybeast.com/kill-kit.htm 14. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/homosexualbehaviour-in-animals 15. Scientific American March 1995 16. www.petfinder.org/journelinder cgi?path/pub lic/animalbehaviour/dogs/1.2.36.text&tempalate 17. Simon Le Vay: Queer Science. Page 207 18. www.cdc.gov/mmwr/dreview/mmwrhtml/ mm5424a2.htm 19. www. sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=c/a/2008/ 01/15/MNI5UEDL*.DTL 20. www.csnews.com/public/content/articl e.aspx?RsrcID=41975 21. www.conservapedia.com/homosexuality-andhealth 22. Bryne Fone: Homophobia (2001) 23. www.relegioustolerence.org/hom-spit.htm 24. www.ncbi.htm.nih.gov/pubmd/14567650 25. http://strightway.sinfree.net/ 26. www.al-tawabah-faithweb.com 27. www.peoplecanchange.com

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kzh¿-Khn-hm-lw- F-¥p-sIm≠v- C-kv-emw- A-\p-h-Zn-°p-∂n-√?F-´p-Im-en-bp-sS- h-e- G-‰-hpw- Zp¿-_-e-tam?B-Zw- k-¥-Xn-I-fp-sS- hnhm-lw- C-kv-emw- A-w-Ko-I-cn-°p--tam?\-_n-b-p-sS- Im-e-Øp-X-s∂- Jp¿-B≥- {K-Ÿ-cq-]-Øn¬- B-°n-bn-cp∂n-t√?-

Iq-Sn-°m-gv-N-

?

Ckvem-an¬ CWsb Xnc-s™-Sp-°m-\p≈ kzmX{¥yw hy‡n-bn-e[ - n-jvTn-XamWt√m. Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬ kz¥w h¿K-Øn¬ \n∂v CWsb Xnc-s™-Sp-°p∂ kzh¿K-hn-hm-lsØ Ckvemw AwKo-I-cn-°ptam? Cs√-¶n¬ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n\p≈ F¥p kzmX-{¥y-amWv Ckvemw \¬Ip-∂-Xv? ˛ _me-Ir-jvW≥ sImSn-™n-aqe

Ckvemw F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ A¿Yw {kjvS- mhpw c£n-Xm-hp-amb ssZh-Øn\v PohnXw ka¿∏n-°pI F∂m-Wv. AYhm a-\p-jy≥ Xs‚ lnXw temI-c-£nXm-hns‚ lnX-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-°pI F∂¿Yw. ssZh-ln-X-Øn\v hncp-≤-amb bmsXm∂pw sNøm-Xn-cn-°pI F∂Xv CXns‚ A\n-hmcyXm¬]-cy-am-Wv. XnI®pw A\n-b-{¥n-X-ambn Pohn®pt]m-∂h¿°v AXv Akzm-X{- ¥y-ambn tXm∂pw. a\p-jy-{]-Ir-Xn°v CW-ßp∂ Imcy-ßsf√mw Ckvemw A\p-h-Zn-®n-´p-≈-Xn-\m-

¬ k¬_p-≤n-bp≈ a\p-jy¿°v AXv ]mc-X-{¥y-ambn tXm∂p-I-bn-√. temI-c-£n-Xmhv kq£vahpw ÿqehp-amb kI-eh - k - vXp-°ƒ°pw AXn-t‚Xmb Hcp hyhÿ \n›-bn-®n-´p-≠v. ssZh-\n-tj-[n-Iƒ AXns\ {]IrXnhyhÿ F∂p hnfn-°p-∂p. B¨-˛-s]¨ enwKhy-Xym-k-ap≈ P¥p-°-sf√mw FXn¿enw-K-Øn¬ \n∂v CWsb Xnc-s™-Sp°p-Ibpw {]P-\\w \S-Øp-Ibpw sNøpI F∂-XmWv temIØv \ne-\n¬°p∂ {Iaw. k¬_p-≤n-bp≈ a\p-jy¿ F°m-

?

ehpw kzoI-cn-®n-´p≈ {Iahpw AXv Xs∂. AXn-\m¬ a\p-jy-˛P - ¥p {]Ir-Xn°v hncp-≤a - m-ImØ hn[-Øn¬ CW-sb Xncs™-Sp-°m-\p≈ kzmX{¥yta Ckveman-ep-≈q. ]q¿h-{]-hm-N-I-∑mcpw {]IrXnhncp-≤c - Xn \njn-≤a - mbn hn[n-°pI Xs∂-bmWv sNbvXX - v. {]P-\\ - h - pw k¥m\-]c - n-]m-e\ - hpsam∂pw th≠; kzh¿Kc-Xn-bn-eqsS In´p∂ ssewKn-Ik - pJw aXn F∂v `qcn-]£w t]¿ Xocp-am-\n-®m¬ A£-cm¿Y-Øn¬ Xs∂ am\-h-cminbpsS \mi-ambncn°pw AXns‚ ^ew.

F´p-Im-en-bpsS he-bmWv G‰hpw Dd-∏p-≈Xv F∂m--Wv \n®v Hm^v {SqØv ]pdØn-d-°nb tUmIy-psa-‚-dn-bn¬ ImWm≥ Ign-™-Xv. F∂m¬ Jp¿-B-\nse 29mw A[ymb-Ønse 41mw hN-\-Øn¬ F´p-Im-en-bpsS he-bmWv hoSp-I-fn¬ sh®v G‰hpw Zp¿_ew F∂pw ImWp-∂p. CXn¬ Bcp ]d-™-XmWv icn? ˛lcnX sI ImeSn Dd∏pw Dd-∏n-√m-bvabpw Bt]-£n-I- IqSv AYhm he Zp¿_-ew Xs∂-bmWv. Isf At]-£n®v IqSp-X¬ Dd-∏p-≈-Xmamb Imcy-ß-fm-Wv. a‰p P¥p-°-fpsS F∂m¬ F´p-Imen he-bpsS Hmtcm Wv. IqSp-I-sf At]-£n®v F´p-Im-en-bpsS \qepw A{X-am{Xw hÆ-ap≈ a‰p \qep2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

45

?

kzktlm-Z-c-߃ XΩnep≈ hnhmlw A\-\p-h-Z-\o-b-ams-W-∂-mWt√m Ckvem-ans‚ ImgvN-∏mSv. F∂m¬ Ckvem-anIhnizm-k-{]-Imcw BZw \_n-bpsS k¥m-\-߃ XΩn¬ hnhmlw \S-Øn-b-Xmbn ImWp-∂p. kml-N-cy-ß-fmWv CXn\v \nan-Ø-am-bsX¶n¬ \n¿_-‘nXkml-N-cy-Øn¬ sX‰p-sN-øm-sa-∂mtWm? ˛sPbnwkv Im∏≥ tIm´bw

hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\nse 4:23 kq‡-ØneqsSbmWv ktlm-Z-cnsb ktlm-Z-c≥ hnhmlw Ign-°p-∂Xv hne-°-s∏-´-Xv. ]q¿h-{]-hm-N-I-∑m¿°v A√mlp \¬Inb A\p-im-k\ - ß - f - n-se√mw Cu hne°v D≠m-I-W-sa-∂n-√. hnhn[ kaq-lß-fn-te°v \nbp-‡-cmb {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ aptJ\ A√mlp \¬Inb aX-hn-[n-Ifn¬ ÿe-Ime kml-N-cy-߃°\p-

?

kr-X-amb sshhn[yw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂mWv Jp¿-B-\nse 5:48 kq‡-Ønse ""\nßfn¬ Hmtcm hn`mKØn\pw Hmtcm \nba{Iahpw I¿Ωam¿Khpw \mw \n›bn®v X∂ncn°p∂p. A√mlp Dt±in®ncps∂¶n¬ \nßsf Ah≥ Hscm‰ kapZmbam°pambncp∂p.'' F∂ hmIyØn¬ \n∂v {Kln-°m-hp-∂-Xv. ssZhn-Ia-X-Øn¬ A\n-hm-cy-km-l-N-cy-ß-fn-

te°v XZ-\p-kr-X-amb \nb-a-ß-fmWv \n›-bn-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xv. BZ-ans‚ a°-sf√mw GtIm-Z-c-k-tlm-Z-c-ß-fm-bncp-∂X - n-\m¬ Ah¿ XΩn-ep≈ hnhmlw A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]n¬°m-eØv B A-\n-hm-cyX C√m-Xm-b-t∏mƒ D‰-h¿ XΩn-ep≈ hnhmlw A√mlp \njn-≤am-°n-b-Xn-¬ Akmw-K-Xy-sam-∂p-an-√.

s‚ Ime-ØmJp¿-B≥ apkvl^v cq]-Øn¬ t{ImUo-I-cn-®Xv A_q-_-°-dn W-t√m. F∂m-¬ Jp¿-B≥{]Xn-I-fp-ambn i{Xp-°-fpsS CS-bn-te°v t]mIp∂Xv hne-°n-s°m-≠p≈ Hcp I¬]\ {]hm-NI - t- ‚-Xmbn ImWp-∂p. \_n-bpsS ImeØp Xs∂ Jp¿-B≥ {KŸcq]-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂t√ CXv hy‡am°p-∂-Xv? ˛e_o_v ]n.-F≥

Jp¿-B\ - nse Hmtcm kq‡sØ kw_-‘n®pw Hmtcm A[ym-bsØ kw_‘n®pw "AXv Jp¿-B-\mWv'F∂v ]dbm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. \-_n Pohn-®n-cn-°ptºmƒ Xs∂ Nne A\p-N-c-∑m¿ Jp¿B-\ns‚ ]e-`m-K-ßfpw arK-ß-fpsS XpI-ep-I-fnepw a‰pw FgpXn kq£n-®n-

cp-∂p. enJn-X-߃ \jvS-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°m\pw A\m-Z-cn-°-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°m\pamWv Ah-bp-ambn i{Xp-°-fpsS \mSp-I-fn-te°v t]mI-cp-sX∂v \_n hne-°n-bXv. AØcw enJn-X-߃ kam-l-cn®v kq£v - a ]cn- t im- [ \ \SØn {KŸ- c q- ] Øn¬ t{ImUo-I-cn-°p∂ {]h¿Ø-\-

(h¿Ko-bX...... -t]Pv- 5¬- \n-∂v- Xp-S¿-®)sØbpw \ncp¬km-l-s∏-Sp-Øm-\mWv {]hm-N-I≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂-Xv. ""\ns‚ ktlm-Z-c≥ A{I-an-bm-bmepw A{I-aØn-\n-c-bm-bmepw \o Ahs\ klm-bn°pI'' CXp-tI´v Hcmƒ tNmZn®p: ""ssZhZqXtc, A{I-aØ - n-\n-cb - m-bh - s\ klmbn-°m≥ F\n°dnbmw, F∂m¬ A{Ianbmbm¬ Ahs\ Fßs\bmWv Rm≥ klm-bn-°pI?'" \_n {]Xn-hN - n®p: ""A{I-a-Øn¬ \n∂v \o Ahs\ XS-bWw. Aß-s\-bmWv \o Ahs\ klmbn-t°-≠-Xv.''(_pJm-cn, apkvenw) sIme-sbbpw AXn\p kam-\-amb AXn-{I-aß - s - fbpw i-‡a - mbn FXn¿°p∂p≠v Ckveman-I[ - ym-]\ - ß - ƒ. hnip-≤Jp¿-B-\n¬ C°mcyw hni-Zo-I-cn-°p∂ Ht´sd hN-\-߃ ImWm≥ Ignbpw. ""A√mlp ]hn{XX \¬Inbn´p≈ Poh-

s\ \ymb{]Imca√msX \n߃ l\n°cpXv. A{IaØn\p hnt[b\mbn h√h\pw sIm√s∏Sp∂ ]£w Ahs‚ AhImin°v \mw ({]XnImcw sNøm≥) A[nImcw sh®v sImSpØn´p≠v. F∂m¬ Ah≥ sImebn¬ AXncpIhnbcpXv. Xo¿®bmbpw Ah≥ klmbn°s∏Sp∂h\mIp∂p.''(17:33) Cßs\ Hcmƒ A\ym-ba - mbn sIme]mXIw \S-Øn-bm¬ AXv `qan-bnse apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-scbpw sIm∂-Xn\v XpeyamsW∂mWv Jp¿-B≥ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ""A°mcWØm¬ C{kmbo¬ k¥XnIƒ°v \mw C{]Imcw hn[n \¬IpIbp≠mbn: as‰mcmsf sIm∂Xn\v ]I-camtbm, `qanbn¬ Ipg∏ap≠m°nbXns‚ t]cntem A√msX h√h\pw Hcmsf sImes∏SpØnbm¬, AXv a\pjysc

2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

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amWv H∂mw Jeo^ A_q-_-°¿s‚ ImeØv \S-∂X - v. Jp¿-B≥ samØ-ambn t{ImUo-I-cn® {]Xn-Iƒ \_nbpsS ImeØv D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. `mKn-I-ambn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb ]I¿∏p-I-fmWp≠m-bncp-∂-Xv.

apgph≥ sImes∏SpØnbXn\v XpeyamIp∂p. HcmfpsS Poh≥ h√h\pw c£n®m¬, AXv a\pjycpsS apgph≥ Poh≥ c£n®Xn\v XpeyamIp∂p. \ΩpsS ZqX≥am¿ hyIv X amb sXfnhpIfpambn AhcpsS (C{kmboeycpsS) ASpØv sN∂n´p≠v. F∂n´v AXn\p tijw Ahcn¬ [mcmfw t]¿ `qanbn¬ AXn{Iaw {]h¿Øn®psIm≠ncn°pIbmWv.'' (5:32) Npcp-°Ø - n¬ ]q¿W-amb \oXn-bn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb Bi-b-ßfmWv Ckvemw am\-hc - m-in°p apºn¬ sh®n-cn-°p∂Xv. F∂m¬ AXns\ sX‰p[-cn-∏n-°m≥ Imc-W-°mcm-Ip∂ aX-Ønse AIØpw ]pd-Øp-ap≈ i{Xp-°ƒ ta¬hN\- ß sf a\x- ] q¿hw Xa- k v I - c n- ° pIbmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. ˛C-_v-\p- kp-lv-d-

]pXnb\nb-a-Øns‚ B[n-Im-cn-I-X: {]Nm-c-Whpw bmYm¿Yyhpw-˛6

! n√

ƒ - I p-∂ n -na-d n-° n c -\ X m -k h A

A_vZp-d-lvam≥ tdm_¿´v

■

2004se {InÃy≥ Ft∏m- f - P nÃv tPW-en¬ {]apJ Ft∏m-f-PnÃpw Ckvemw hna¿i-I-\p-amb UuKv kvanØv "Dispelling Muslim Myths About The Gospel' F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp teJ-\-sa-gpXn-bn-´p-≠v. NXp¿kp-hn-ti-j-߃°pt\sc apkvenwIƒ D∂-bn-°p∂ hna¿i\-߃°v "hkvXp-\n-jvT-ambn' adp-]Sn ]d-bm≥ {ian-°p∂ {]kvXpX teJ-\Øn¬ kv a nØv Cßs\ {]kv X m- h n°p∂p:

2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

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""kphn-ti-j-߃ ]I¿Øn-sb-gp-Xnb-h¿°v Adp-]Xv ÿe-ß-fn¬ am{Xta hna¿i-\-tbm-Ky-amb sX‰p-Iƒ h∂n-´p≈q F∂ Imcyw ]pXn-b-\n-ba ]WvUnX-∑m-cmb shkvtIm´pw tlm¿´pw 1881¬ Xs∂ hy‡-am-°n-b-Xm-Wv. Cu Adp-]Xn¬ Xs∂ tIhew GsgÆw am{X-amWv auen-I-amb A_-≤-߃. CXns‚b¿Yw kphn-ti-j-ß-fpsS D≈-S°w 98.33 iX-am\w ip≤-am-sW-∂m-Wv.'' (Bi-b-hn-h¿Ø-\w) "Indp-Ir-Xy-amb' Cu IW-°p-Iƒ°v Xm≥ B{i-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv Ata-cn-°-

bnse {InkvXp-aX {]t_m-[-I≥ hn-eyw Imw]vs_-√ns‚ "The Qur'an And The Bible In The Light of History & Science' F∂ {KŸ- s Ø- b m- s W∂v kv a nØv AtX teJ-\Ø - n¬ hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v. hn]-Wn-bn¬ D]-e-_v[-amb Imw]vs_√ns‚ \tS ]d™ ]pkvXIw ]cn-tim[n-®m¬ kvanØn\v "shfn®w' \¬Inb hcn-Iƒ Is≠-Sp-°m≥ B¿°pw Ignbpw. AXn-{]-Im-c-am-Wv: ""]pXnb\nb-aØ - ns‚ ]I¿Øn-sb-gpØp-Im¿ hcp-Ønb sX‰p-I-fn¬ Adp-]sXÆw am{X-amWv auen-I-am-bn-´p-≈Xv F∂v shkvtIm´pw tlm¿´pw \nco-£n®p. Ch-bn¬ GsgÆw kphn-ti-j-ßfn-em-bn-cp-∂p.'' (B-i-b-hn-h¿Ø-\w) t\m°pI! ]pXnb\nb-aØ - n¬ A\y{X ]c- ∂ p- I n- S - ° p∂ A_- ≤ - ß - f n¬ Adp-]s - XÆw ASn-ÿm-\] - cw/auenIw (Primitive) BsW∂v shkv t Im´pw tlm¿´pw Is≠-Øn-sb-∂mWv Imw]vs_¬ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. At±-lsØ D≤-cn®p- s Im≠v kv a nØv hmZn- ° p- ∂ - t Xm, kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ BsI-°q-Sn-bp-≈Xv Adp-]Xv A_-≤-߃ am{X-am-sW∂pw! {]iv\w Chn--sSbpw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂n-√. auen-I-amb A_-≤-߃ (Primitive errors) Adp-]-Xm-sW∂v ]d-bp∂ Imw]vs_√pw Ggm-sW∂v ]d-bp∂ kvanØpw "{]n-an-‰ohv Ftd¿kv' F∂ kw⁄ D]tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv "{]n-an-‰ohv' A√mØ sX‰p-Iƒ K¿l-Wo-b-am-sW∂v hcp-ØnØo¿°m-\m-Wv. F∂m¬ Hcp ]pXn-b-\nbateJ-\-Øns‚ \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xn¬ sh®v G‰hpw ]pcm-X-\-amb Isø-gp-Øp{]Xn P∑-sa-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\pw apºv ]I¿Øn-sb-gp-Øp-Im¿°v kw`-hn-®n-cn-°m-hp∂ A_-≤-ßsf Ipdn-°m-\mWv shkvtIm´pw tlm¿´pw "Primitive errors' F∂v {]tbm-Kn-®-Xv. (B.F Westcott, F.J.A Hort, Introduction To The New Testament In The Original Greek, Hendrickson Publishers, 1998 reprint ]pdw 66 ImWpI). Npcp°-Øn¬, ]pXn-b-\n-b-asØ c£n-s®-Sp°m-\mbn Imw]vs_√pw kvanØpw Hcp Kth-jW^esØ Zp¿hym-Jym-\n-®p. kvanØm-Is´, Hcp ]Sn-IqSn apt∂m-´p-IS∂v Kth-j-I¿ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb FÆß-fn¬ t]mepw Ir{Xnaw ImWn®p! CXmWv Ft∏m-f-Pn-Ãp-I-fpsS aX-{]t_m- [ - \ - s sien. Bi- b - { ]- N m- c Ww kXy-k‘ - a - m-bn-cn-°W - s - a∂ Hcp \n¿_-

‘hpw Ft∏m-f-Pn-Ãp-Iƒ°n-√. ]pXn-b\n-b-a-Øns‚ B[n-Im-cn-IX "ÿm]n°m≥' th≠n Ah¿ F¥p Ifhpw ]dbpw, GXp hkvXp-X-sbbpw Xa-kvI-cn°pw, ]WvUn-X-∑m-cpsS D≤-c-Wn-Isf h{Io-I-cn-°pw, th≠n-h-∂m¬ kz¥-ambn D≤-cW - n-Iƒ \n¿an-°p-Ibpw sNøpw! ({]apJ ss__nƒ ]WvUn-X≥ sa‰v-kvsP-dpsS t]cn¬ hymP D≤-c-Wn-bp-≠m°n ]pXn-b\ - n-baw 99.5 iX-am\w IrXyam-sW∂v sXfn-bn-°m≥ ]mSp-s]´ t\m¿a≥ Pokve¿ F∂ Ft∏m-f-Pn-Ãn-s\-°pdn®v {]_-‘m-cw-`-Øn¬ kqNn-∏n-®Xv hmb-\-°m¿ Hm¿°p-∂p-≠m-Ip-at√m) kvanØns‚ teJ-\Ø - n-te°v aS-ßnhcmw. shkvtIm-´ns‚bpw tlm¿´n-s‚-bpw \q‰m≠v ]g-°-ap≈ \nco-£-W-ßsf

\-߃ am{Xta kwi-bm-kv]-Z-am-b-Xp≈q. ]pXn-b-\n-b-tam-≈-S-°-Øns‚ 99.9 iX-am-\hpw ÿnco-Ic - n-°s - ∏-´X - m-sW∂Xs{X CXns‚ kmcw.'' samØw 7947 hmN-I-ß-fmWv ]pXnb-\n-b-a-Øn-ep-≈Xv. Ch-bn¬ \m¬]Xv hN-\-߃ kwi-bm-kv]-Z-ams-W-¶n¬ ÿnco-I-cn-°-s∏-´Xv ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øns‚ 99.5 iX-am-\-am-sW∂v efn-X-amb KWn-X-{In-b-Iƒ hgn (100-˛40/7947X100) kvIqƒIp´n-Iƒ°p t]mepw Xocp-am-\n°m≥ Ign-bpw. alm-]-WvUn-X\pw {]`mj-I-\p-sam-s°-bmb tPmk^v kvanØn\v "99.5 iX-am\w' 99.9 iX-am\w Bbn amdn-bXv sslkvIqƒhnZym-`ym-kØ - ns‚ Ipd-hp-sIm-≠mtWm AtXm ]pXn-b-\nb-a-tØm-Sp≈ A\p-cm-Km-flI{`aw sIm-

Znt\\ ]nSn-°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ X´n-∏p-Ifpw Xncn-a-dnIfpw Ft∏m-f-Pn-Ãp-Isf IqSp-X¬ ]cn-lm-ky-cm-°p-∂p. B[n-Im-cn-Ia - √ - mØ ]pXn-b\ - n-ba - sØ B[n-Im-cn-Ia - m-°m≥ {ian-°p-∂-h¿°v aq¿®-bn-√mØ Bbp-[-߃ hoin apJwsISm-\p≈ Xe-hn-[n-bp-≠m-hpI F∂ Imhy-\o-Xn-°mWv \mw km£n-I-fmbns°m≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

sSIv-Ãz¬ {In‰n-°p-I-fpsS ]pXnb Kthj-W-^-e-߃ ]n¥p-W-°p-∂n-s√∂ hkvXpX AhnsS \n¬°-s´. F∂m¬ shkvtIm-´n-s‚bpw tlm¿´n-s‚bpw ta¬ kvanØv sh®p-sI-´nb IW-°p-Iƒ icnbm-sW∂v h∂m¬ t]mepw "]pXn-b-\nb-a-Øns‚ 98.33 iX-am\w ip≤X' Ahbn¬ \ns∂m∂pw \n¿[-cn-s®-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bn-s√∂ AXoh ck-I-c-amb hkvXp-Xsb ]cn-KW - n-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ At±-lØns‚ hmb-\° - m¿°v Ign-bptam? KWnX-imkv{Xw Aº-c∂p t]mIp∂ C-Øcw iX-am\°W-°p-Iƒ Ft∏m-fP - n-ÃpIf - psS Hcp ÿncw Iem-]c - n-]m-Sn-bm-sW∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xm-bn-cn°pw t\cv. Ckvem-anI{]t_m-[-I-\mb i_o¿ Aen-bp-ambn \S- Ø nb kwhm- Z - Ø n¬ (1998 sabv F´n\v {_n´-\nse Leicester k¿h-I-emim-e-bn¬ sh®v \S∂ t{]m{Kmw) {]ikvX {InkvXp-aXanj-\dn tPmk^v kvanØv ]d-™Xv {i≤n®p t\m°pI: ""]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ \m¬]Xv hN-

2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

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≠mtWm F∂v hy‡- a m- t °- ≠ Xv Ft∏m-f-Pn-Ãp-Iƒ Xs∂-bm-Wv. "\m¬]Xv kwi-bm-kv]-Z-amb hN-\-߃' F∂ {]kvXm-h\ Xs∂ tcJm-]n≥_-e-an-√mØ shdp-samcp s]m´o-kmb ÿnXn°v iX-am-\Ø - n¬ am{Xw kXy-k‘ - X ]pe¿tØ≠ Imcy-an√ F∂v anj-\-dn°v tXm∂n-bn-cn-°mw! kvanØns‚ ]cm-a¿iw kp_-≤-am--IW-sa¶n¬ ]pXnb\nb-aØnse hN-\-ß-fpsS FÆw \m¬]-Xn\m-bn-ca - m-sb-¶nepw h¿[n-∏n-t°≠nh-cpw F∂p-IqSn Xncn-®-dn-bp-tºm-gmWv hn{ipX-\mb Cu Ft∏m-f-PnÃv {]Z¿in-∏n® KWn- X - i mkv { XIpSn- e - X - b psS Bgw \ap°v ]q¿W-ambn t_m[y-am-hp-∂-Xv. h©-\m-[n-jvTn-X-amb Ft∏m-f-Pn-Ãv t_m[-\c - o-Xn-bpsS G‰hpw anI® {]Xy£-ß-fmWv Jpwdm≥ Npcp-fp-I-fp-am-bn(1) _‘-s∏´v ]pd-Øp-h∂ AkwJyw anj\dnkmln-Xy-߃. Jpwdm-\nse Ggmw Kpl-bn¬ \n∂pw Is≠-Sp-°-s∏´ Nne Npcp-fp-I-fn¬ am¿t°m-kns‚ kphn-ti-

jw, Xntam-Øn-tbm-kv, bmt°m-_v, At∏m-kvXe{]hr-Øn-Iƒ, tdma¿, ]t{Xmkv XpSßnb ]pXn-b-\n-b-am-[ym-b-ß-fpsS GXm\pw `mK-߃ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øs - ∏´n-´p-≠v F∂v tZymXn-∏n-°p-∂-h-bmWv C∆n-jb - I - a - mbn {]kn-≤o-Ic - n-°s - ∏´ Ft∏m-f-PnÃv cN-\-I-sf√mw Xs∂. F∂m¬ sXm≈m-bn-cØn Fgp-]-Xp-I-fpsS Bcw-`-Øn¬ Nne ]WvUn-X-∑m¿ apt∂m-´p-sh® Cu A`n-{]m-bw(2) Xzcn-X-KXn-bn¬ \S∂ ]n¬°meKth-j-W-߃°p tijw hym]-I-ambn Xnc-kvI-cn°-s∏-Sp-Ib - m-Wp-≠m-bX - v(3) F∂ bmYm¿YysØ ka¿Y-ambn ad-®p-sh-®p-sIm≠mWv Ft∏m-f-PnÃv auen-I-hm-Zn-Iƒ ]pXn-b\ - n-ba - Ø - n\v "Jpwdm-\n¬ \n∂p-≈ km£yw' lmP-cm-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂ Imcyw ]mhw hmb-\-°m¿ AdnbmsX t]mIp-∂p. ]pXn-b-\n-baw kºq¿W-ambpw hniz-k\ - o-ba - m-sW∂ hº≥ AkXyw {]t_m-[n-∏n-°m≥ th≠n I®ap-dp-°n-bh - ¿°v Ak-Xy-ßfpw A¿[-kXy-ßfpw Xs∂-bm-Wt√m tNcp-hbpw tasºm-Sn-bp-am-tI-≠Xv! 1994se {InkvXp-akv Zn\-Øte∂v "Zn ss‰wkv' ]pd-Øn-dß - n-bXv Ft∏m-fP - nÃp IqSn-bmb ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I≥ amXyq-kns‚ ]pXn-b-\n-bakw_-‘n-bmb {]_‘-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. HmIvkvs^Uv bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n°v Iogn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ amKvsZ-eo≥ tImsf-Pn¬ kwc-£n-°-s∏´n-´p≈ Hcp {]mNo\ ]pXn-b-\n-ba Isøgp-Øp-{]-Xnsb D]-Po-hn®v sIm≠p-≈X - mbn-cp∂p teJ-\w. c≠mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ A¥y]mZ-Øn-teXv F∂v Icp-X-s∏-´n-cp∂ {]kvXpX Isø-gp-Øp-]-I¿∏v bYm¿Y-Øn¬ {InkvXm_vZw A≥]-Xn-t\m-SSpØv hnc-Nn-Xa - m-bX - m-sW∂v sXfn-bn-°s∏-´p-Ig - n-™psh∂pw Cu hkvXpX shfn- s ∏- S p- Ø p∂ Kth- j W{]_‘w Im¿Ã≥ XoUv F∂ Ft∏m-fP - nÃv DS≥ Xs∂ {]kn-≤o-Ic - n-°p-sa-∂p-sa-√m-amWv teJ\w hmb-\° - m-tcmSv ]d-™X - v. ]cmarjvS Isø-gpØp{]Xn-bn¬ aØm-bnbpsS kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ `mKß-fm-Wp-≈Xv F∂-Xn-\m¬ aØm-bn-bpsS kphn-tijw CE 50¬ t]mepw \ne\n-∂n-cp-∂p-sh∂v XoUns‚ {]_‘w ÿm]n-°p-sa∂pw tbip-hns‚ Pohn-XØn\v km£n-bmb aØm-bn-b√ kphntijI¿Øm-hmb aØmbn F∂ hna-¿i-\-Øns‚ kmwKXyw AtXmSpIqSn

\jvS-s∏Spw F∂p≈ `oj-Wnbpw ss‰wkn¬ h∂ teJ-\-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. 1995¬ ss‰wkv {]h-Nn® XoUns‚ {]_‘w ]pd-Øp-h∂ - p.(4) Isø-gp-Øp-{]Xn-bpsS Ime-L´w c≠mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Ah-km-\-Øn¬ \n∂v CE 50\Sp-tØ°v sIm≠p-h-cp-sa∂v ss‰wkv teJ-I≥ Adn-bn® {]_‘w ]t£ ]d-™Xv "apºv Icp-Xn-b-Xn-s\-°mƒ A¬]w IqSn t\csØ-bmWv AXns‚ cN\ \S-∂Xv'(5) F∂p am{X-am-Wv. H∂mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ A¥y-Øn-se-hn-sStbm BImw B "A¬]w IqSn t\csØ' F∂pw XoUv {]kvXm-hn-®p.(6) {]_-‘Ø - n¬ {InkvXm_vZw A≥]-Xp-ap-≠m-bn-√, "ZrIv-km-£n-bmb aØmbn'bpap- ≠ m- b n√! As√- ¶ nepw CcpØwh∂ Ft∏m-f-PnÃv F∂ \nebn-¬ amXyqkv Xøm-dm-°nb ]{X-dn-t∏m¿´v AXn-i-tbm-‡n-]-c-am-bn-´n-s√-¶n-emWt√m AXn¬ A¤p-X-s∏-Sm-\p-≈-Xv. IuXp-II - c - a - mb hkvXpX CsXm-∂pa-√. \tS ]d™ Kth-jI - ≥ XoUv Xs‚ Kth-jW {]_-‘sØ Ipdn®v amtemIsc apgp-h≥ kphn-ti-j-a-dn-bn® D]-cnkq-NnX ss‰wkv teJ-I-\p-ambn tN¿∂v "Zn Pokkv t]∏n-dkv' (The Jesus Papyrus, Weiden field & Nicolson, London, 1996) Fs∂mcp ]pkvX-I-sa-gp-Xn. B ]pkvXI - Ø - n¬ At±lw ]d-™s - X-¥msWt∂m? amKvsZ-eo≥ tImsf-Pnse Isø-gpØp{]Xn-bpsS Ime-∏-g°w {InkvXm-_Zv w A≥]Xp hsc-sb-Øp∂p F∂v! (]pdw 90). s]mXp-k-aqlw hmbn-°p∂ B\p-Im-en-I-ß-fn¬ ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øns‚ B[n-Im-cn-IX ÿm]n-°m≥ th≠n X߃°p-t]mepw t_m[y-an-√mØ AhIm-ih - m-Zß - f - p-∂b - n-°p-I, Kth-jW - m-flI{]kn-≤o-I-c-W-߃°v teJ\w \¬Ip-tºmƒ {]kvXpX Ah-Im-ih - m-Zß - f - n¬ \n∂v kpc-£n-X-ambn ]n≥h-en-bp-I, ho≠pw s]mXp-P-\sØ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cnt°-≠n hcp-tºmƒ ap≥\ne-]m-Sp-I-fnte°v ae°wadn-bpI; XoUv ImgvNs - h® Cu {So∏o-kp-I-fn-°m-Ip∂p Ft∏m-f-PnÃv k{In-bX F∂v t]cp ]d-bp-∂-Xv. {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS "hnizm-k-h¿[-\hn\v' \nan-Ø-am-Ip-∂p-sh∂v hnNm-cn-°s∏-Sp∂ Ft∏m-fP - nÃv cN-\I - f - psS aq¿® ]cn-tim-[n-°pI F∂ [¿a-amWv Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn-eqsS \mw \n¿h-ln-®-Xv. Ft∏m-f-PnÃv anj-\-dn-am¿ H®-sh®p ]dbp∂ Isø-gpØp{]Xn-I-fpsS B[n-Iy-

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hpw Ah-bpsS {]mNo\-Xbpw k`m-]n-Xm°-∑m-cpsS D≤-c-Wn-I-fp-sS-b-Sn-ÿm-\Øn-ep≈ ]pXn-b-\n-ba ]p\x-kr-jvSn-bpsa√mw hkvXp-X-I-fpsS ]n¥p-W-bn-√mØ `mh\mkrjvSn-Iƒ am{X-am-sW∂v \mw a\- n-em-°n. Ah-cpsS "Kth-jW' {]_-‘ß - f - p-tSbpw iX-am\°W-°p-Ifp-tSbpw Imcyhpw XssY-h. Znt\\ ]nSn°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ X´n-∏p-Ifpw Xncn-a-dn-Ifpw Ft∏m-f-Pn-Ãp-Isf IqSpX¬ ]cn-lm-ky-cm-°p-∂p. B[n-Im-cn-Ia-√mØ ]pXn-b-\n-b-asØ B[n-Im-cn-Iam-°m≥ {ian-°p-∂h - ¿°v aq¿®-bn-√mØ Bbp-[-߃ hoin apJwsISm-\p≈ Xe-hn-[n-bp-≠m-hpI F∂ Imhy-\o-Xn°mWv \mw km£n-I-fmbns°m≠n-cn°p-∂-Xv. IqSp-X¬ A√m-lp-hn-\-dnbmw! Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ: 1. Nmhp-I-S-ens‚ hS-°p-]-Sn-™m-d≥ Xoc-{]-tZiØv ÿnXn sNøp∂ Jpwdm≥ Xmgvh-c-bnse Ggp Kpl-I-fn¬ \n∂mbn Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m≠ns‚ a[y-Z-i-I-ß-fn¬ Kth-j-I¿ Is≠SpØ ss__n- f n- I hpw A√m- Ø - X p- a mb {]mNo\ tXm¬Npcp-fp-I-fpsS kam-lm-c-amWv Jpwdm≥ Npcp-fpIƒ (Qumran Scrolls) F∂-dnb-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. e`y-am-b-Xn¬ sh®v G‰hpw ]pcmX- \ - a mb ss__nƒ Isø- g pØp{]Xn- I ƒ Jpwdm-\n¬ \n∂v Is≠-Sp-°-s∏´ Cu Npcp-fpI-fm-Wv. 2. 1972 (Vol 91, No 2)se Journal of Biblical Litera ture ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I. 3. Biblica (1972, Vol 53, ]pdw 508˛-516), Reveu Bibique (1972, ]pdw 321˛324), Journal of Bibli cal Literature (1972, Vol 92, No.1 ]pdw 109-112), Tyndale Bulletin (1972, Vol 23 ]pdw 125-˛128), New Testament Studies (1973-74, Vol 20, ]pdw 357-˛381), The Text of The New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption And Restoration (B.M Metzger, Third Enlarged Edition ]pdw 264) F∂nh ImWp-I. 4. C.P Thiede, Papyrus Megdalean Greek 17: A Re appraisal, Tyndale Bulletin 1995, Vol 46, ]pdw 29-˛42 5. Ibid 6. Ibid; XoUns‚ Cu "Is≠- Ø ¬' t]mepw hkvXp-Xm-]-c-a-s√∂v ]WvUn-X-∑m¿ hy‡-am°n-bn-´p-≠v. hni-Z-hn-h-c-߃°v Tyndale Bul letin (1995, Vol 46, ]pdw 251-˛285), Expoistory Times (1996, Vol 107, ]pdw 40-˛43), Novum Tes tamentum (1996, Vol 38, ]pdw 393-˛399), Tyndale Bulletin (1995, Vol 46, ]pdw 43-˛54), Gospel Truth?: New Light On Jesus And The Gospels (1995, Trinity Press International) Xp-S-ßn-bh ImWp-I.

˛hnh: apkvX^m X≥ho¿ (A-h-km-\n-®p)

A-_q-A-ao≥-

"kzmX-{¥y-Øn\pw thWw Nne \nb-{¥-W-߃'

""(A∂v) B¿ AXncpIhnbpIbpw CltemIPohnXØn\p IqSpX¬ {]m[m\yw \¬IpIbpw sNbvXpthm (Ah∂v) IØnPzen°p∂ \cIw Xs∂bmWv kt¶Xw. At∏mƒ GsXmcmƒ Xs‚ c£nXmhns‚ kvYm\sØ `bs∏SpIbpw a\ ns\ X∂njvSØn¬ \n∂v hne°n\n¿ØpIbpw sNbvXpthm (Ah∂v) kz¿Kw Xs∂bmWv kt¶Xw.'' (Jp¿-B≥- 79:37-- -˛41)

kzmX{¥yw GsXm-cm-fp-sSbpw A`nem-jhpw Ah-Im-i-hp-am-Wv. ]t£, B kzmX{¥yw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv a‰p-≈-hcpsS Ah-Im-i-߃ l\n-®p-sImt≠m {]bm-kß - ƒ krjvSn-®p-sImt≠m Bbn°q-Sm. Hcmƒ°v ssIhoin \S-°m≥ kzmX-{¥y-ap-≠v. F∂m¬ AXv as‰m-cmfpsS tZlØv X´n Abmsf t{Zmln-®psIm-≠m-h-cp-Xv F∂v kmcw. tIhew efn-Xhpw {]mY-an-I-hp-amb Cu acym-Zt]mepw ]ecpw hnkvac - n-°p∂psh-∂X - mWv bmYm¿Yyw. Xs‚ kzmX-{¥yhpw Ah-Im-ihpw t]mse {][m-\hpw ]hn{X-hp-amWv a‰p-≈-h-cp-tS-Xp-sa∂ Imcyw ]ecpw Hm¿°m-dn-√. ]m´p-]m-Sm\pw AXv tIƒ°m\pw kwkm-cn-°m\pw `£Ww ]mIw sNøm\pw Ign-°m-\p-sams° Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw kzmX-{¥y-ap-≠v. ]t£, AsXms° a‰p-≈h - sc iey-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ cq]-Øn-em-I¬ ]m]hpw A{I-ah - p-am-Wv. Ab¬hm-kn-bpsS CØcw Ah-Im-i߃ \ntj-[n® hy‡nsb \_n  imkn® kw`hw lZoYv {KŸ-ß-fn¬ ImWmw. hgn-tbm-c-ß-fn¬ Ccn-°p-∂Xns\ \ncp-’m-l-s∏-Sp-Ønb \_n; A\n-hmcykµ¿`-ß-fn¬ AhnsS Ccnt°-≠n h∂m¬ _m[y-X-Iƒ \n¿h-ln°m≥ I¿i-\-ambn D]-tZ-in-®Xpw lZoYp-I-fn¬ h∂n-´p-≠v. B[p-\nIXe-ap-db - psS Xe-Xn-cn™ Hcp ho£-Wa - mWv "ASn-®p-s]mfn'sb∂-

Xv. kzmX-{¥y-Øns‚ t]cn¬ [m¿an-IX-bp-sSbpw am\y-X-bp-sSbpw ]e XØzßfpw Ah¿ ASn-®p-s]m-fn-°p-I-bmWv. kzh¿K-c-Xnbpw hnhm-tl-Xc ssewKnI-_-‘-hp-sams° AXns‚ DZm-l-c-W߃ am{X-am-Wv. CØcw A\n-b-{¥nX kzmX-{¥y-Øn\v \nb-{¥-Wßtf¿s∏-SpØn-bn-s√-¶n¬ Ah-bpsS A\-¥-c-^-e߃ Ah-cn¬ am{Xw HXp-ßp∂Xmbncn-°p-I-bn-s√∂ bmYm¿Yyw \√-h-cmb hnth-I-a-Xn-I-sf-¶nepw Xncn-®-dn™v {]Xn-I-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. hml\tamSn-°phm-\p≈ Ah-Imiw Hcmƒ°v hI-sh®p sImSp-°p∂tXmsSm∏w A-\n-b-{¥n-X-ambn- h-≠n-bp-cp-´n- a-‰p-≈-h-sc- A-]m-b-s∏Sp- Ø m- ≥ - A\p- h - Z n- ® p- I qSm F∂- X pt]mse Xs∂ kzmX-{¥y-Ønse k¿hcw-K-ß-fnepw \nb-{¥-W-߃ A\n-hmcy-am-Wv. ]t£, Bcv \nb-{¥n°pw? BcpsS \nb-{¥-amWv F√m-h¿°pw kzoIm-cy-amhpI? k¿∆cp-sSbpw {kjvSmhpw c£n-Xmhp-amb A√m-lp-hn-\mWv AXn\v km[n°p-I. Ahs‚ D]-tZi\n¿tZ-i-߃ kzoI-cn-°-emWv AXn-\p≈ t]mwh-gn. a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS IS-a-bmbn hnip-≤Jp¿- B ≥ DW¿Øn- b Xpw AXmWv . BZy-a-\p-jy-cmb BZw, l∆ Zº-Xn-IfS-°-ap≈ k¿h-a-\p-jy-tcm-Smbn A√mlp ]d-bp-∂p. ""Ah≥ (A√mlp) ]d-

2009 sk-]v-Xw-_¿-

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™p: \n߃ c≠v t]cpw H∂n®v ChnsS \n∂v Cdßnt∏mIpI. \nßfn¬ Nne¿ Nne¿°v i{Xp°fmIp∂p. F∂m¬ Fs‚ ]°¬ \n∂p≈ h√ am¿KZ¿i\hpw \n߃°v h∂pIn´p∂ ]£w, At∏mƒ Fs‚ am¿KZ¿i\w B¿ ]n≥]‰p∂pthm Ah≥ ]ng®v t]mIpIbn√, IjvSs∏SpIbpan√. Fs‚ D¬t_m[\sØ hn´v h√h\pw Xncn™pIfbp∂ ]£w Xo¿®bmbpw Ah∂v CSpßnb Hcp PohnXamWp≠mbncn°pI. Dbn¿sØgpt∂¬∏ns‚ \mfn¬ Ahs\ \mw A‘\mb \nebn¬ Fgpt∂¬∏n®v sIm≠v hcp∂XpamWv.'' (20:123-˛124) ]S®Xºp-cms‚ \nb-a-\n¿tZ-i-߃ ]men®v kam-[m\]q¿W-Po-hnXw \bn°m\pw Cl-]c - h - nPbw ssIh-cn-°m\pw {]m]vX-am-°p∂ Hcp al¬ I¿a-amWv Hcp amk-°m-esØ {hXm-\p-jvTm\w. A\p-hZ- \ - ob Imcy-߃ t]mepw Hgnhm°n {hX-\m-fp-I-fn¬ ]cn-io-e\w t\Sp∂ Hcp hnizm-knsb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw a‰p Ime-ßf - n¬ A√mlp \njn-≤a - m-°nb Imcy-߃ Hgn-hm-°m≥ {]bm-k-ap≠m-hp-I-bn√ F∂-XmWv bmYm¿Yyw. kzmX-{¥y-Zn-\-Nn-¥-Ifpw kzmX-{¥yØn\p th≠n-bp≈ B[p-\nI Xe-ap-dbpsS apd-hn-fn-Iƒ°p-an-Sb - n¬ hnip≤daZm≥ IS∂phcp-tºmƒ CØcw Nn¥-Iƒ {]k-‡-am-hp-I-bm-Wv.