Skeletal System Quick Review

Part I: Required Vocabulary Abdominal- Anterior torso below the diaphragm Antecubital-forearm Axillary-armpit Brachial-upper arm Buccal- inside the cheek Carpal- relating to the wrist Cephalic- head Chondrocyte- the only cells that make up cartilage Cutaneous- relating to the skin Dorsal- back or top Fibroblast-cell responsible for fibrous tissue formation Orbital- relating to the bone of the eye Optic-refers to the eye Osteocyte- another name for bone Osteoblast- cell responsible for bone formation Osteoclast- cell responsible for bone destruction Otic- ear Tarsal- the bones of the foot, made out of 5 other bones Thoracic- relating to the middle 12 vertebrate Ventral- towards the abdomen Zygomatic- the cheek

Part 2: Required Bone Structures Epiphysis- refers to the sides of the bones and the red bone marrow Diaphysis- refers to the middle of the bone, which contains the medullary cavity, which contains yellow bone marrow (fat) Compact bone-the surface of the bone which is made up of periosteum, which lines the outer surface of the bone Spongy Bone-Makes up the interior of the bone and has a lot of cavities Medullary Cavity- The middle of the bone, contains the yellow marrow Endosteum- is a thin layer of connective tissue which lines the surface of the bony tissue that forms the medullary cavity of long bones. Haversian system- is a special internal organization of the bone, which is made up of cylinders inside of cylinders. Cartilage- made up of cells called chondrocytes and is a specialized connective tissue that is flexible and is founding the nose, the larynx, the ears Condyle- known as the knuckle of the bone Epicondyle- the area that is to the side of the condyle Crest- a ridge on the bone

Spine- a more subtle ridge Foramen- a hole in the bone Fossa- an indentation in the bone, usually used for ball and socket joints Trochanter-a large bulge in the bone where the tendon attaches to the bone Turberosity- smaller trochanters The Axial Skeleton Skull

Frontal Bone Parietal bones- the pair of bones on the side Temporal bones- the bones that are right below the parietal bones Occipital bone- the bone that is all the way near the end Sphenoid bone- bone on the inside that looks like a butterfly Mandible- The lower jaw bone Maxilla- the upper jaw bone Orbit- the eye holes Vomer- the triangular structure inside the nasal cavity Zygomatic- the cheek bone Spinal Column

Cervical Vertebrae - The bones in the neck, there are 7 Atlas- the first bone which allows you to move your neck up and down Axis- the second bone which allows you to move your neck to the side Thoracic Vertebrae- the bones in the middle of the spine, there are 12 Lumbar Vertebrae- the lower bones, there are 5 Sacrum- is fused with the pelvis Coccyx- the tail like projection of the spine The Ribs and Sternum

True Ribs (7)- are called true ribs because they directly connect to the sternum False Ribs (3)- are called false ribs because they are indirectly attached to the sternum via the last true rib Floating Ribs (2) Sternum- the breast bone made up of three parts, the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process The Appendicular Skeleton Upper Extremity Bones ClavicleScapula- the shoulder blade, the only free floating bone, which is attached to the clavicle Humerus- the long bone which is connected to the clavicle and scapula Radius- the bone on top, usually always on the side of the thumb Ulna- the bone on the bottom, is directly connected to the humerus The Hand and Wrist

Lower Extremity Bones

Illium- the upper part of the pelvis Ischium- the lower part of the pelvis Patella- the knee Tibia-the shin bone Fibula- the more slender bone