Seena Bio

What is biofertilizer • In nature there are certain micro organisms and minute plants, which can absorb gaseous form of nitrogen directly from atmosphere and make it available to plants in solid form. it is called as bio fertilizers • Biofertilizers are living micro organisms of bacterial, fungal and algal origin. Their mode of action differs and can be applied alone or in combination

• Biofertilizers are ready to use live formulates of such beneficial microorganism which on application to seed, root or soil mobilize the availability of nutrients by their biological activity in particular and help build up the micro flora and in turn the soil health in general.

• The field of biological nitrogen fixation opened up with the discoveries by boussingault and hellreigelin 1886. • Nobbe and hiltner produuced for the first time a laboratory culture culture of rhizobia under the name nitrogin in 1885 • Discovery of non symbiotic bacteria such as azotobacter

• Then the discovery of third group called blue green algae .subsquently ,microorganisms capable of solublising phosphate were discovered • In 1970 azospirillum was identified.vesicular-arbuscular micorrhiza which moblise the phosphorus

Biofertilizer industry • The early method of a application of inoculum involved top dressing of a new fields with a large quantity of soils transported from places where the legume grew well .this cubersomesome soil transfer method was probably the reason for the birth of the present inoculum production industry

• Pure cultures of rhizobium growing on solid medium and these were marketed in 8-10 ounces glass bottles. Then onwards it has got sifnificant demands of present day utilization of BNF technology in agriculture

• In india ,development and production activity of bio inoculants commenced in the early sixties the production of blue green algae started in 1970while that of azolla began on a small scale in 1978 • Production was small scale confined to agriculture universities • In 1956 production of rhizobium culture

• Later government has made efforts to set up natioinal biofertilizer development centre (NBDC) at ghaziabad operative in 1988.sequently six RBDC

Production Statistics of Bio-Fertilizer Units during 1997-98 & 1998-99

S.No.

PSU/Co-op.

Units

Capacity (TPA)

Production during 1997-98 (TPA)

Production during 1998-99 (TPA)

1

Manali

100

111.15

82.1

2

Vijayawada

150

102.31

87.3

3

MFL

Bangalore

150

102.53

168.1

4

NFL

Indore

100

99.59

173.83

0.35 5

PPCL

Amjhore

75

10.8

6

KRIBHCO

Hazira

100

167.96

250

7

IFFCO

Phulpur

75

44.18

90.57

8

RCF

Trombay

150

8.5

63.67

9

Durgapur

75

42.4

36.11

10

Barauni

75

1.81

19.27

11

Sindri

75

14.93

24.12

12

Namrup

75

0.21

8.89

13

Gwalior

75

-

3.28

14

Bhopal

75

-

5.92

Cuttack #

150

-

Nil

1500

706.37

1013.51

15 Total

HFC

Objectives and activities of NBDC • To ensure the production ,distribution and promotion of the effective strain to supplement nitrogenous fertilizers and to improve N-use efficiency • To maintain and make available of strains to industries on demand • To evolve standards to biofertilizers • To organise regular training programmes and field demonstrations

TWO TYPES OF BIOFERTILIZERS • • • • • • •

NITROGEN FIXING BIO-FERTILIZERS Rhizobium Actinorhize Azotobactor Azospirilum Blue green Algae Azolla

Table 1: Estimated Total Potential Demand for Bio-fertilizers in India Category of Bio- Fertilizer

Rhizobium Azotobacter Azospirillum BGA Phosphatesolubilizer TOTAL Source: Abhay Phadke, 2001

Amount in Million tonnes

35,730Mt 162,610Mt 77,160Mt. 267,510Mt 275,510Mt 818,730Mt

PHOSPHORUS SOLUBLISING BIO-FERTILIZER •

Phosphobacteria is sold in polythene pockets, this bacteria can convert unavailable form of phosphorus into available form by solublizing • Mycrohiz is not technically feasible and economically valuable

Production of Azolla culture • Standing water method • 5-10cm depth of standing water • 4.8kg of super phosphate is applied • In 3 weeks carpet formation on the surface of water

New technique • Recently university of agricultural sciences, Bangalore has developed a method- dry complex fertilizer for direct soil application. This method consists of granules (1-2 mm) made from tank bed clay (TBC). These granules are baked at 2000C in a muffle furnace, which helps to sterilize the material and gives porosity to granules. The baked granules are soaked in a suspension of nitrogen fixing bacteria grown in a suitable medium overnight. The clay granules are air dried at room temperature under aseptic conditions. The granules contain more than a billion of bacteria per gram of granules. These granules are suitable for field application along with seeds and fertilizers in furrows.

Commercial production of biofertilizers The manufacturing process 1 Selection of suitable strain of the organism for which market demand is identified. 2 Mass multiplication. 3 Mixing of the culture with carrier material and packing.

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How biofertilizers are applied to crops? Seed treatment: 200 g of nitrogenous biofertilizer and 200 g of Phosphotika are suspended in 300-400 ml of water and mixed thoroughly. Ten kg seeds are treated with this paste and dried in shade. The treated seeds have to be sown as soon as possible. Seedling root dip: For rice crop, a bed is made in the field and filled with water. Recommended biofertilizers are mixed in this water and the roots of seedlings are dipped for 8-10 hrs. Soil treatment: 4 kg each of the recommended biofertilizers are mixed in 200 kg of compost and kept overnight. This mixture is incorporated in the soil at the time of sowing or planting.

Swot analysis •

Strengths Cost effective. Cheap source of nutrients Suppliers of micro nutrients Supplier of organic matter

opportunities  Counteracting negative impact of chemical fertilizers  Secretion of growth hormones  Reduces the costs towards fertilizers use, especially regarding nitrogen and phosphorus.  Eco-friendly (Friendly with nature)  Supplement to fertilizers

weakness • • • •

we can’t reap the benefits all of sudden High level of contaminants packing material which reduces shelf life. Unsatisfactory carrier material with uniform and consistent good quality comparable to imported Unsatisfactory peat material. • Not employing properly trained microbiologist. • Lack of quality control and certification procedures

threats . Presence of high native population or presence of bacteriophages Poor availability of phosphorous and molybdenum. May have been exposed to high temperature. Used with strong doses of plant protection chemicals. High soil temperature or low soil moisture. Acidity or alkalinity in soil. Lack of quality control and certification procedures Narrow genetic base of mother cultures and lack of efficient and virulent strains suitable to various agroenvironments.

New technique • Recently university of agricultural sciences, Bangalore has developed a method- dry complex fertilizer for direct soil application. This method consists of granules (1-2 mm) made from tank bed clay (TBC). These granules are baked at 2000C in a muffle furnace, which helps to sterilize the material and gives porosity to granules. The baked granules are soaked in a suspension of nitrogen fixing bacteria grown in a suitable medium overnight. The clay granules are air dried at room temperature under aseptic conditions. The granules contain more than a billion of bacteria per gram of granules. These granules are suitable for field application along with seeds and fertilizers in furrows.

• You can visit the following Internet sites: http://www.ikisan.com/links/up_riceBiofertilizers.shtml#top •

http://www.entireindia.com/YellowPg/YpCatList.asp?s =1159&cnm=Biofertilizers

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http://www.glsbiotech.com/products.htm#biofertilizers

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http://www.us.erc.org/greenchannel/gc7/innovativebiotechnologicalp www.suvash.com

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http://www.kumarbuilders.com/bio.htm

conclusion • It is going to gain a lot of scope in the future.biofertilizers and organic matter will play a key role in achieving second green revolution .