Science Summary 1

STUDY GUIDE Nº1: THE STATES OF MATTER 1. DESCRIBE THE PROPETIES SHARED BY ALL PARTICLES OF MATTER. Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms and molecules. These particles are too small to see without a very powerful microscope. Atoms and molecules are always in motion and are always bumping into one another. These particles interact with each other, this helps determine the state of matter. 2. DESCRIBE THREE STATES OF MATTER. • Solid: is a state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume. The particles don’t move fast enough to overcome the strong attraction between them. So they are close together and vibrate in place • Liquid: is a state of matter that has a definite volume, but doesn’t have a definite shape. Particles of liquid move fast enough to overcome some of the attraction between them. These particles are close together but can’t pass one another. • Gas: is the state of matter that doesn’t have a definite shape or volume. Its particles move fast enough to overcome almost all the attraction between them. The particles are far apart and move independently of one another. 3. EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE STATES OF MATTER. State Shape Volume Movement Solid Definite Definite Not fast Liquid Indefinite Definite Fast, can’t slide Gas Indefinite Indefinite Fast, ind. move 4. DESCRIBE THE THREE FACTORS THAT AFFECT HOW GASES BEHAVE. • Temperature: a measure of how hot or cold something is; specifically, a measure of movement of particles. • Volume: a measure of the size of a body or a region in three-dimensional space. • Pressure: the amount of force exerted per unit area of surface. 5. PREDICT HOW A CHANGE IN PRESURE OR TEMPERATURE WILL AFFECT THE VOLUME OF GAS. According to Boyle’s Law: • When more pressure, less volume. • When no pressure, original volume. • When less pressure, more volume. According to Charles’s law: • When less temperature, less volume. • When more temperature, more volume. 6. DESCRIBE HOW ENERGY IS INVOLVED IN CHANGES OF STATE. The particles are directly related to this. The particles have different amount of energy when the substance is in different state. It can lose or gain energy. 7. DESCRIBE WHAT HAPPENS DURING MELTING AND FREEZING. • Melting: Is the change of state from solid to liquid. This change of state is what happens when ice melts. Adding energy to a solid. As the temperature increases, the particles of the solid move faster. • Freezing: the change of state from liquid to solid. Happens when the temperature of a substance decreases and it loses energy. 8. COMPARE EVAPORATION AND CONENSATION.

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Evaporation: is the change of a substance from liquid to gas. It occurs at the surface of a liquid that is bellow its boiling point. • Condensation: the conversion of a liquid to vapor when the vapor pressures of liquid equals atmospheric pressure. 9. EXPLAIN WHAT HAPPENS DURING SUBLIMATION. Sublimation is the change of state in which a solid changes directly into a gas. In this change the substance gains energy. The particles of the substance move from being tightly together to very apart. 10. IDENTIFY THE TWO CHANGES THAT HAPPENS WHEN A SUBSTANCE LOSES OR GAINS ENERGY. • Lost of Energy: Freezing, Condensation • Gains energy: Melting, Evaporation (also Sublimation) 11. DRAW THE DIFFERENT CHANGES SUFFERED BY MATTER.

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VOCABULARY WORDS States of matter: the physical forms of matter which include solid, liquid and gas. Solid: The state of matter in which the volume and of a substance are fixed. Liquid: the state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape. Surface tension: the force that acts on the surface of a liquid and that tends to minimize the area of the surface. Viscosity: the resistance of a gas or liquid to flow. Gas: a form of matter that does not have a definite shape or volume. Volume: a measure of the size of a body or region in three-dimensional space. Pressure: the amount of force exerted per unit area of surface Boyle’s Law: the law that states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure of a gas when temperature is constant. Charles’s Law: a law that states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature of a gas when pressure is constant. Change of state: the change of state of a substance from a physical state to other. Melting: the change of state in which solid becomes a liquid by adding energy. Evaporation: the change of a substance from liquid to gas. Boiling: the conversion of a substance from a liquid to a gas or vapor, throughout the liquid. Condensation: the change of a state from a gas to a liquid Sublimation: the process in which a solid changes directly to a liquid