America’s Children: Overweight And Undernourished i h d d ih d • Children are missing out on essential nutrients because they are not choosing nutrient rich foods first nutrient‐rich foods first • Families have established poor eating habits
Rates of Overweight on the Rise
Sex-and age-specific BMI > 95th percentile based on the CDC growth charts.
Ogden et al, 2002; Ogden et al 2008; Hedley et al, 2004
High Percent of Kids & Teens with Nutrient Intake Below Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) For Some Nutrients Zinc Magnesium
Girls 14‐18 y Boys 14‐18 y
Phosphorus p
Girls 9‐13 y Boys 9‐13 y Children 4‐8 y
Vitamin C
Children 1‐3 y
Vitamin E Vitamin A 0
20
40
60
80
100
Percent with nutrient intakes below the EAR Moshfegh A. USDA/ARS 2005.
Low Percent of Kids & Teens Intakes Intakes Above Adequate Intake (AI) Above Adequate Intake (AI) for Some Nutrients Dietary Fiber Dietary Fiber Girls 14‐18 y Boys 14‐18 y Girls 9‐13 y
Potassium
Boys 9‐13 y Children 4‐8 y Children 1‐3 y
Calcium
Vitamin K 0
20
40
60
80
100
Percent with nutrient intakes above the AI Moshfegh A. USDA/ARS 2005.
Good News • Small changes can make a big difference • Nutrient‐rich Nutrient rich dairy foods are wholesome dairy foods are wholesome and critical to lifelong health • Appealing Appealing options like low‐fat or fat‐free options like low‐fat or fat‐free flavored milk, yogurt and reduced‐fat cheese are an important part of child nutrition • Impactful resources provide support and help ignite change
Nutrient‐Rich Dairy Foods Nourish Growing Children • Good/excellent source of essential nutrients
Calcium Builds Strong Bones • Calcium helps children build and maintain strong bones and teeth b d h • Seven out of ten boys and nine out of ten girls are not meeting recommendations are not meeting recommendations
“With current food selection practices, use of dairy products may constitute the difference between getting enough calcium in one’s diet or not” —Healthy People 2010 NHANES 2001‐2002; IOM Food and Nutrition Board 1997; USDA CSFII 1996
Dairy is Main Food Source to Deliver Vitamin D to Deliver Vitamin D
3 Daily Servings of Milk, Cheese or Yogurt Can Provide d
75% I t k f Vit i D* Intake of Vitamin D* Wagner PEDIATRICS 2008; Nield AFP 2006; Holick JCI 2006; Keast FASEB 2005
*As recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics
Protein Builds Muscle • Protein helps build strong muscles • Low‐fat and fat‐free dairy foods are an i important source, providing all essential t t idi ll ti l amino acids • Milk is #1 protein source for Milk is #1 protein source for children ages 2‐11 • Cheese is a good source of high quality, easily digestible protein
Miller et al, Handbook of Dairy Foods and Nutrition 2007; AHA PEDIATRICS 2006; Rafferty JN 2008; Marshall JACN 2008
Dairy Nutrients: Benefits for Bones and Beyond Benefits for Bones, and Beyond
Additional Nutrients in Dairy Foods Potassium
helps regulate body’s fluid balance and maintain normal blood pressure i t i l bl d
Phosphorus
helps strengthen bones and generate energy in body’s cells
Vitamin A
helps maintain healthy vision and skin
Vitamin B12
helps build red blood cells that carry oxygen from lungs to working muscles oxygen from lungs to working muscles
Riboflavin
helps convert food into energy
Niacin h l helps metabolize sugars and fatty acids b li df id (niacin equivalents)
Experts Agree: Dairy is Part of a Healthful Diet Dairy is Part of a Healthful Diet
Low‐Fat and Fat‐Free Milk Deliver Same Nutrients as Whole Milk Same Nutrients as Whole Milk
All milk contains essential nutrients
Kids Benefit From Dairy Today… Participation in school lunch and breakfast Participation in school lunch and breakfast programs, which include dairy, results in: • Increased academic test scores Increased academic test scores* • Improved attendance* • Better class participation Better class participation* • Consumption of three of the Food Groups to Encourage – low‐fat, fat‐free dairy foods, fruits and vegetables • Adequate intake of critical nutrients *Studies captured breakfast only Powell AJCN 1998; Kleinman ANM 2002; Murphy APAM 1998; USDA/NHANES July 2008; Rampersaud JADA 2005
…And Tomorrow Large and growing body of evidence shows Large and growing body of evidence shows adequate dairy food intake in children may reduce risk of: • Obesity • Osteoporosis • Hypertension
Dairy Intake Associated with Lower Body Fat in with Lower Body Fat in Children and Adolescents
Dairy Intake Associated with Lower Body Fat y Studies indicate higher intake of calcium/dairy foods associated with lower body fat in: associated with lower body fat in: • Children ages 2‐8 • Adolescent girls consuming 1–3 servings/day and 3+ servings/day compared to lowest intake at 1 3+ servings/day, compared to lowest intake at 1 serving/day • Adolescent boys consuming 4+ servings/day compared to boys consuming less servings/day, compared to boys consuming less than two servings/day • In the Framingham Children’s Study, higher preschool dairy intakes were associated with preschool dairy intakes were associated with lower body fat in adolescence Carruth JNE 2001; Skinner JADA 2003; JNE 2001; Skinner JADA 2003; Novotny JN 2004; Moore JACN 2008; Moore OBESITY 2006
Osteoporosis: “Pediatric Disease with Geriatric Consequences” ‐ Dr. David Satcher, former US Surgeon General f g
• Inadequate Inadequate calcium intake calcium intake in youth results in higher risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures and bone fractures, which as we age, can prove life threatening life‐threatening Carrie Fassler PCNA 1995; USHHS/Surgeon General 2004
Dairy Critical for Bone Health Among Kids Bone Health Among Kids • Peak bone mass accrued early • Consuming 2+ servings of dairy daily as a child results in higher bone mineral content at ages 15 ‐17 mineral content at ages 15 17 compared to those who consumed less • Dairy’s complete nutrient package helps build, maintain and protect bones Abrams HR 2003; Fiorito JN 2006; Chan J PED 1995; Huncharek BONE 2008; Teegarden AJCN 1999; Kalkwarf AJCN 2003; Moore J PED 2008
Children and Adolescents May Benefit from Dairy‐Rich Eating Plan: DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) • Children Children who consistently eat more low‐fat who consistently eat more low‐fat dairy, fruits and vegetables have lower blood pressure • DASH‐type diet more effective than routine out‐patient care at improving systolic blood pressure and diet quality in adolescents with d di t lit i d l t ith elevated blood pressure
Moore EPI 2005; Couch JPED 2008;
Minority Children are at Risk
African‐American Children • Consume less than the recommended servings of dairy i fd i – 1.35 servings for African‐Americans age 2‐18 age 2 18 years old, vs 1.96 for non years old vs 1 96 for non‐ African‐Americans • More likely to skip breakfast y p • Perceived to be lactose intolerant
NHANES 1999‐2000; Fulgoni JADA 2007; NIH/NIDDK Ages and Prevalence 2009; Affenito JADA 2005; Wooten JNMA 2004.
Lactose Intolerance: What is It? • Describes symptoms that accompany lactose maldigestion due to undigested lactose in maldigestion due to undigested lactose in the colon • Some minority groups have higher rates of maldigestion but those who actually ldi ti b t th h t ll experience intolerance symptoms may be lower • Avoiding dairy to control symptoms can lead to low calcium intake and may put individuals at risk for disease individuals at risk for disease Gaskin AJLM 2009; Heyman PEDIATRICS 2006; Wooten JNMA 2004; Inman‐Felton JADA 1999
Lactose Intolerance: What to Do? • St Start with small amounts of dairy, t ith ll t fd i mostly with meals • Lactose‐free milk, hard cheese, yogurt actose free milk, hard cheese, yogurt and flavored milk may be better tolerated • Families need to be F ili dt b tested by a physician to determine lactose intolerance diagnosis
Gaskin AJLM 2009
Kids Prefer the Taste of Lactose‐Free Milk
Prepared for DMI by Moskowitz Jacobs, Inc. July 2008
Cheese and Flavored Milk are a Good Fit for Kids’ Meals Good Fit for Kids Meals
Cheese is Great for Kids • • • • •
Tastes appealing Tastes appealing Excellent source of calcium High quality easily digestible protein High quality, easily digestible protein Lower in lactose Helps support bone and tooth development
ERS/USDA 2009; Miller 2007; AAPD Hot Topics 2009
Cheese May Help Increase Intake of FGTE • New studies suggest that adding cheese may help increase intake of other Food may help increase intake of other Food Groups to Encourage
Donnelly et al. The Effects of Visible Cheese on Selection and Consumption of Food Groups to Encourage in Middle School Children. Presented at School Nutrition Association annual meeting, June 2009.
Kids (and Parents) Like Flavored Milk Flavored Milk • 66% of milk chosen by children in schools is low‐fat flavored • Studies show parents and educators support low‐fat flavored milk tl f t fl d ilk
School Nutrition Association and National Dairy Council. School Milk: Fat Content Has Declined Dramatically Since the Early 1990s Fat Content Has Declined Dramatically Since the Early 1990s. ENVIRON International Corporation for SNA and NDC, December 2008 (unpublished); Survey prepared by Impulse Research 2000; Kimbrough SFSRR 1990.
And It’s Good For Them! • Flavored milk results in: – Greater participation in school meal programs meal programs – Higher calcium intake – Similar total fat and added sugar intake Similar total fat and added sugar intake compared to non‐milk drinkers – Better nutrient intake than non‐milk drinkers
NDC/SNA SMPT 2002; Survey prepared by Impulse Research 2000; AAP PEDIATRICS 2004; IOM Nutrition Standards for Schools 2007; Johnson JADA 2002; Murphy JADA 2008.
Decrease in Milk Fat Since Early 1990s 1992
2005
79 2% drank lower‐fat milks 79.2% drank lower fat milks 71.5% drank whole or reduced‐fat 54.3% drank low‐fat (1%) (2%) milk 24.8% drank fat‐free Reduced‐fat (2%) milk most Reduced fat (2%) milk most popular for flavored milk
Low‐fat (1%) or fat‐free milk most Low fat (1%) or fat free milk most popular flavored milk Large number of schools stopped offering whole or reduced‐fat (2%)
School Nutrition Association and National Dairy Council. School Milk: Fat Content Has Declined Dramatically Since the Early 1990s. ENVIRON International Corporation for SNA and NDC, December 2008 (unpublished).
School Milk Pilot Test: M d l f Ch Model for Change • • • • •
Plastic packaging New flavor Better display Refrigeration Merchandising
National Dairy Council and School Nutrition Association. The School Milk Pilot Test. Beverage Marketing Corporation for National Dairy Council and School Nutrition Association, 2002.
Steady growth in New Look of School Milk Participating Schools Milk Participating Schools Numberr of Schools
12000 10,500
10000
9200
8000 6000
Schools Participating
6000 4000
3000 1500
2000 97
310
0 '01’02
'03’04
'05’06
Academic School Years
'07’08
NDC Has A Long History of Partnering with Schools i ih h l
Engaging Youth In Schools • Fuel Up To Play 60 relies on a simple recipe: – ENGAGE youth to invest in their own h l hb health by arming them with nutrition i h ih ii and physical activity know‐how – INVITE collaboration between youth and collaboration between youth and adult mentors to build a customized plan – Help them ACTIVATE p ACTIVATE their program with supporting materials and grants d t
Conclusions • America’s children are overweight yet undernourished ‐ missing out on essential nutrients because they are not choosing nutrient rich foods first nutrient‐rich foods first • Nutrient‐rich dairy foods are wholesome and nourish children’s health and growth • Tasty Tasty options such as low‐fat or fat‐free options such as low fat or fat free flavored milk, cheese and yogurt help meet dairy intake recommendations in Child y Nutrition Programs, and promote other Food Groups to Encourage
Conclusions • Federal nutrition programs that include dairy succeed – National School Lunch Program and S h l School Breakfast Program participation kf i i i increase intake of a variety of essential nutrients, an important contributor to nutrients, an important contributor to optimal academic performance – WIC participation increases intake of essential nutrients for growth, and participants have similar BMI as both income eligible children and higher income‐eligible children and higher‐ income children USDA/FNS, 2008; Powell AJCN 1998; Kleinman ANM 2002; Murphy APAM 1998
Conclusions • Milk is nutritionally unique and is a good or excellent source of nine essential nutrients including three of the five nutrients, including three of the five “nutrients of concern” children do not consume adequately • Milk substitute beverages are poor natural sources of calcium, and calcium in fortified sources of calcium, and calcium in fortified beverages may not be as well absorbed
Heaney AJCN 2000
Conclusions • Low Low‐fat and fat‐free white or flavored fat and fat free white or flavored milk is an excellent choice for increasing milk consumption among children and p g ultimately, making their diets more nutritious • Most students in the National School Lunch Program now choose low fat or Lunch Program now choose low‐fat or fat‐free milk School Nutrition Association and National Dairy Council. School Milk: Fat Content Has Declined Dramatically Since the Early 1990s. ENVIRON International Corporation for SNA and NDC, December 2008 (unpublished).
Conclusions • Reduced‐fat and low‐fat cheeses are nutritious sources of calcium and high quality protein and may help make other quality protein, and may help make other food groups more appealing to children
Online Resources American Academy of Family Physicians: Ready, Set, Fit!: www.americansinmotion.org American Academy of Pediatrics: www.aap.org American Dietetic Association: www.eatright.org National Dairy Council Blog: www thedairyreport com National Dairy Council Blog: www.thedairyreport.com National Dairy Council Child Nutrition Health Education Kit: y g/ www.nationaldairycouncil.org/childnutrition National Hispanic Medical Association: www.nhmamd.org National Medical Association: www.nmanet.org Nutrition Explorations: www.nutritionexplorations.org Office of Women’s Health: www.bestbonesforever.gov School Nutrition Association: www.schoolnutrition.org USDA, MyPyramid: www.mypyramid.gov
Child Nutrition Resources White Paper
SNDA Report p
Two Presentations: Turnkey Deck and Short Weight Management Deck
Editorial
Fact Sheets
Advertorial
Th k Y ! Thank You! Insert Local Dairy Council C Contact Info I f Your Connection to Dairy y Nutrition Expertise, Information and Resources 44
Appendix
Federal Child Nutrition Programs Promote Healthful Diets In 2009, Congress will have an opportunity t to renew the Child Nutrition and WIC th Child N t iti d WIC Reauthorization Act of 2004
Nutrient‐Rich Dairy is Core Component of g Programs • B By integrating Dietary Guidelines for i t ti Di t G id li f Americans (DGA) recommendation to p provide 3 servings of low‐fat and fat‐free g dairy foods a day for children into the nutrition programs, participating children consume more nutrient‐rich diets t i t i h di t
WIC • Serves Serves nearly 9 million pregnant/lactating nearly 9 million pregnant/lactating women and their children under age 5 • WIC‐participating kids have more nutrient‐rich overall diets overall diets – Increased intake of key nutrients for growth, including calcium and protein – Less likely to consume sweets and added fats – Less likely to have higher BMI than other Less likely to have higher BMI than other low‐income children • WIC promotes nutrient‐rich foods including low fat and fat free dairy low‐fat and fat‐free dairy foods, fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean protein WIC Briefing, ERS/USDA 2009; Siega‐Riz, J PED 2004; USDA/FNS 2009
National School Lunch Program (NSLP) • Provided nutrient‐rich lunches to 30.5 million American children each day in 2007 • Children who participate are more likely to: Child h i i lik l – Consume dairy, fruits and vegetables – Have adequate intake of certain H d t i t k f t i nutrients – vitamins A, B6 and B12, folate, niacin, riboflavin, thiamin, ir , , , , , on, phosphorus and zinc – Eat a more nutrient‐rich lunch than non‐participants USDA/FNS, 2008
School Breakfast Program (SBP) • Provided nutrient‐rich breakfast to more than 10 million children in 2007 • Increased participation in SBP is associated with: – Increased academic test scores – Improved attendance – Better class participation
USDA/FNS, 2008; Powell AJCN 1998; Kleinman ANM 2002; Murphy APAM 1998
Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) • Provided nutrient‐rich meals and snacks to 2.9 million children and 86,000 adults in 2007 • Improves quality of day care and makes Improves quality of day care and makes it more affordable to low‐income families • Provides meals to children residing in Provides meals to children residing in emergency shelters, and snacks and suppers to youths participating in eligible afterschool care programs USDA/FNS, 2008
Bone Density Factors Over Time National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Medicine
BONE MASS B
A d e q u a te C a lc iu m In ta k e
M enopause
In a d e q u a te C a lc iu m I ta In t ke
0
10
20
H E R E D IT Y
F r a g ilit y Z o n e
30
40
AGE
50
60
70
E X E R C IS E / L O A D IN G
C A L C IU M IN T A K E
STRUCTURAL ERRO RS
Copyright Robert P. Heaney, M.D., 2003. Used with permission