Importance of Dairy Foods in Child Nutrition and Weight Management Nutrition and Weight Management Insert name of presenter, with credentials Insert name of presenter with credentials Date of Presentation
Rates of Overweight on the Rise
Sex-and age-specific BMI > 95th percentile based on the CDC growth charts.
Ogden et al, 2006; Hedley et al, 2004; Ogden et al, 2008
High Percent of Kids & Teens with Nutrient Intake Below Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) For Some Nutrients
Zinc Magnesium
Girls 14‐18 y Boys 14‐18 y
Phosphorus
Girls 9‐13 y
Vitamin C
Boys 9‐13 y
Vitamin E Vitamin A 0
20
40
60
80
100
Percent with nutrient intakes below the EAR
Moshfegh A. USDA/ARS 2005.
Low Percent of Kids & Teens Intakes Above Adequate Intake (AI) for Some Nutrients
Dietary Fiber
Girls 14‐18 y Boys 14‐18 y Girls 9‐13 Girls 9 13 yy
Potassium
Boys 9‐13 y Children 4‐8 y Children 1‐3 y
Calcium
Vitamin K 0
20
40
60
80
100
Percent with nutrient intakes above the AI
Moshfegh A. USDA/ARS 2005.
How Can We Get Them on The Right Path?
Beverage Choice Affects Nutrient Adequacy
20
Amount con nsumed (oz per day)
18
Carbonated soft drinks Fluid milk 100% fruit juice Fruit drinks
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
A ( Age (years) ) J Am Diet Assoc. 2003;103:97‐100
Childhood Milk Consumption Critical Adult Drinker Recall Drinking Milk as a Child Under 13
Recall Drinking Milk Milk as a Teen 13 ‐ 19
87% 50% 38%
Adult Non‐Drinker
71% 40% 32%
70% 32% 39%
There is a strong relationship between teen milk drinking and continued milk drinking i d ilk d i ki in adulthood
44% 17% 26% Always Regularly
DMI Milk Opportunities Study, 2009
US Children’s Consumption of Flavored and Plain Milk Positive association with nutrient intake and no adverse effect on body weight effect on body weight • Intakes of vitamin A calcium phosphorus magnesium potassium and A, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, and saturated fat were comparable among milk drinking groups, whereas intakes by milk nondrinkers were significantly lower significantly lower • Intake of added sugars did not differ between flavored milk drinkers and milk nondrinkers • BMI BMI measures of milk drinkers were comparable measures of milk drinkers were comparable to or to or lower than measures of nondrinkers Analysis of NHANES Data (1999‐2002; ages 2 to 18)
Observational Studies • Higher intakes of calcium/dairy foods are associated with lower body fat in children ages 2‐8. • There’s an association between increasing dairy intake by one serving per day and decrease in weight and abdominal skinfold in girls ages 9‐14. • Body fat is incrementally lower in adolescent girls consuming 1–3 servings/d and 3+ servings/d compared to girls with lowest intake of dairy at 1 serving/d to girls with lowest intake of dairy at 1 serving/d. • Body fat is lower in adolescent boys consuming 4+ servings/d compared to boys consuming less than two g/ p y g servings/d. • In the Framingham Children’s Study, higher preschool dairy intakes were associated with lower adolescent body fat. Carruth and Skinner, 2001; Skinner et al, 2003. and Skinner, 2001; Skinner et al, 2003. Novotny et al, 2004; Moore et al, 2008. Moore, et al 2006.
Clinical Studies
• Two Two recent 16 recent 16‐week week randomized clinical trials of randomized clinical trials of overweight and obese children testing the effect of milk consumption demonstrated no adverse effect on body weight and: body weight, and: –
Higher intakes of milk, combined with decreased intakes of sugar‐sweetened beverages, resulted in a significant increase in lean body mass among all participants, and increased height among boys
–
Higher intakes of milk lead to decrease in insulin Higher intakes of milk lead to decrease in insulin response indicating possible protection against insulin resistance Albala 2008. St‐Onge 2008 2009
In Summary: The Research Shows...
• Dairy foods contribute to better overall diet f d b b ll d quality • Kids who drink flavored and plain milk have BMIs that are comparable to or lower than measures of non milk‐drinkers f ilk d i k • Overall, evidence demonstrates that dairy , y consumption is inversely or neutrally associated with body weight and fat
Th k Y ! Thank You! Insert Local Dairy Council C Contact Info I f Your Connection to Dairy y Nutrition Expertise, Information and Resources 12