Rood's Approach

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ROOD APPROACH Muscles have different duties. Most of them

are a combination, but some predominate, in “light work” , others in “heavy work”.  Margaret

Rood, American Physical therapist, 1956.

Neurological ? RA,OA, Soft tissue injury, Post fractures ?

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Muscle Work Light :

Heavy:

Phasic.

Tonic.

Fast glycolytic.

Slow oxidative.

Superficial.

Deep.

Multiarthrodial.

Single joint muscle.

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Fusiform or strap.

Pennate.

Small area

Large area

attachment.

attachment.

Active ↑Blood

All time rich in

supply.

blood.

High metabolic cost.

Low metabolic cost.

Rapidly fatigue.

Slow fatigue.

Flexors & Adductors.

Extensors &

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abductors.

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To normalize the muscle tone Facilitatory technique: --To normalize the muscle tone from a flaccid state. --Icing, fast brushing, tapping, stroking, quick stretch. Inhibitory technique: --To normalize the muscle tone from hypertonic or spastic state. --Deep pressure, slow rolling, and slow rocking.

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Facilitation Light Work: Quick stretch.

Heavy Work: Quick stretch.

Unpleasant stimuli.

Joint compression.

Pain

Pressurewt.

Lips, tongue, feet,

Resistance.

stimu(Nociceptors).

palm.

SCC(head

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bearing.

Utricle &

Saccule(Static).

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Features  Identification of goal.  Identification of factors  Poor function.  Selecting the relevant need(motor activity).  Selecting afferent stimuli.  Timing of stimuli.  Ensuring repetition. 11/29/08

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Goals Communication. Manipulative skills. Gross motor function.

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Examination Sensation. Perception. Postural reaction. Quality of movement. Muscle tone. Circulatory defects. 11/29/08

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Sequences in Gross Motor Development A1:  Supine.  Withdrawal pattern.  Total flexion.  Tonic heavy work.  Reciprocal innervation.  Bilateral.  Centered at 10th

thoracic vertebrae. 11/29/08

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A2: Roll over. Flexion top arm &

leg. Phasic movement.

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A3: Pivot pattern. Total extension. Reciprocal

innervation. Bilateral. Cen at 10th

vertebrae. 11/29/08

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B. Fixed Distal Segments B1: Neck Co contraction,

Vertebral extension. For head & neck

hyperkinesia. To stabilise eyes if

nystagmus.

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B2: Forearm support. Gleno humeral joint

alignment.

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B3: All fours.

B4: Sitting. Pressure on knees

through to heels Auto facilitation.

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C:

D:

Movement over

fixed distal segment.

Skilled movement

distal end of limbs free.

To ↑ Dynamic

stability.

To ↑ mobility.

Rock side to side,

back and forward. Turning movements.

Reaching , Crawling,

Walking. Objective &

Functional. 11/29/08

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Movement Control Sequence Flexion. Extension. Adduction. Abduction. Rotation.

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Receptors Cutaneous: Quick light brushing: 

Nerve root.



Soft artist or decorator’s brush or electrically powered.

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

Anterior primary rami  local, superficial muscles.



Posterior primary rami  deep back muscle.



Face  muscles of mastication & expression( V  VII ).

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Delay upto 20 min for inhibited not used

recently.

Rapid stimulation effective over Poor

circulation.

‘Cutaneous stimulation  rapid & large ms

spindle modulation thro gamma motoneuron reflexes’- Loeb & Hoffer (1981). 11/29/08

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Brief Cold Application Quick wipe with ice cube. Warm limb. Immediate & most effective. Limb Extensors. To palm of hand  ↑ mental process. Lips , tongue  suck, swallow, speech. 11/29/08

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Slow Stroking Neck to sacrum over centre of back  ↓

chorea athetosis or excessive muscle tone. Rhythmically for 3 minutes.

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Precautions Brush: Aware of effect. 3 sec in one place. Repeated in bursts at intervals. Do not use mechanical tools. In flaccid infant seizures(stroking adviced). Ear , outer 3rd forehead central inhi.Avoid in

brain stem injury.

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Precautions Ice: Behind ear sudden ↓ of blood pressure. Sole , Palm nociceptive(avoid in children &

emotionally unstable). Ice over posterior primary rami which shares nerve supply to vessels supplies organ. Left shoulder in cardiac diseased.

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Muscle Spindles Quick Stretch: Ia afferent Facilitatory. Slow Stretch: Single joint deep muscles 5 minutes 

II(length measuring from nuclear chain fibres)  Inhi. Quadriceps, hip abductors, lumbar & cervical deep extensors, glenohumeral & shoulder girdle retractors.

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Vibration Mech vibrator  muscle on stretch  muscle

spindle stim tonic vibratory reflex. Cutaneous brushing prior to vibrator 

effective.

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Golgi Tendon Organs(Ib) Contraction receptors. Auto inhi to a non resisted repeated

contraction. Multiarthrodial. Fast glycolytic. Slow repeated Flexors & Adductorsstrong isotonic for extensors. Inhi only for flexor not for extensors…………? 11/29/08

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Mechanoreceptors Maintained pressure  medial heel↑dorsiflexor. Pressure  Heel of hand normalization. Pisiform pressure. Skull to ischial weighted cap, shoulder bag

athetosis. Skin stimu over convex part. Compression over concave part. C.B.SENTHILKUMAR Prone on elbow , hand rock forward & back.

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Labyrinthine System Head mvmt in vetical (revolving chair)  SCC

 ↓postural tone & improves in bradykinesia. Prone on tilting plinth , large ball  head rock

up & down  activation of fast twitch muscles. 11/29/08

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Special Sense Organs Nose & Mouth face & tongue mvmt. Quinine on back of tongue  ↓ tongue thrust. Ammonia  nose  ↓ Parkinson mask. Lemon juice  salivation swallowing , clear

secretion from throat. Optical righting reactions. Rood’s  facili resp ms in unconscious C.B.SENTHILKUMAR patients…..?

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Timing Body position & activity. Head control before swallow or speech

therapy. Skin brushing precedes all other stimuli. Verbal coincide with stimuli(icing).

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Repetition Axoplasmic flow  changes nerve & muscle

tissue molecules. Sufficient period of time  changes in muscle

unit type. Regimes planned to follow in daily routine at

home  beneficial.

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?

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Thank U

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