Resume Bu Cucut.docx

SUMMARY BREAST CANCER

CLASS : S16C GROUP : 4 Salma Deviyana

(S16179)

Novita Juniati

(S16172)

Adiningtyas Prihandini

(S16129)

Annisa’ Istiqomah

(S16133)

Septian Bagus Mariki

(S16181)

Muhammad Alfauzi P

(S16168)

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA KEPERAWATAN STIKES KUSUMA HUSADA SURAKARTA TAHUN AKADEMIK 2018/2019

A. Definition In principle breast cancer is a malignant tumor from one of the skin glands on the outside of the chest cavity. The armpit lymph gland forms a lymph flow system for the two upper quadrants of the body, besides the breasts included here as well as the two arms. above the breast gland to below and behind a step bone. Here it relates to the lower neck lymph nodes that are interconnected with the backbone system, the pathway for distance hematogenous metastases. In medical terms, all lumps are called tumors. There is a benign lump and there is a malignant, malignant tumor that is called cancer. Breast cancer is a malignant tumor originating from the breast gland. Including milk gland ducts and supporting tissues (Anonim, 2009).

B. Causes The cause of breast cancer is unknown, but the breast is a secondary sex tool that always receives hormonal stimuli every menstrual cycle, during pregnancy, and lactation (breastfeeding). Cells that are sensitive to hormonal stimuli may experience benign degeneration or become malignant (Manuaba, 2010). Although the cause of breast cancer is unknown, research identifies a number of factors that can increase risk in certain individuals, which include: 1. Gender This is the biggest risk factor for symptoms of breast cancer. Men can get breast cancer, but it is 100 times more common in women than men, especially because female breast tissue is more exposed to hormones such as estrogen that develop abnormal cell growth. 2. Age This is one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer. About 85% of cases occur in women aged 50 years and over, while 5% occur in women under the age of 40. 3. Family history Women who have two or more first-degree relatives (mothers, daughters, sisters) who have had breast or ovarian cancer are more than 50% more likely to develop breast cancer.

4. Certain benign breast conditions Women who have had a biopsy that shows an overgrowth of cells (hyperplasia) in the duct or lobule have an increased risk of breast cancer, especially if abnormal cells appear (a condition called atypical hyperplasia). 5. Radiation exposure Women who have been exposed to high radiation to their breasts as part of treatment for other cancers (such as Hodgkin's disease) have an increased risk of developing breast cancer, especially if they undergo radiation during adolescence. 6. Alcohol Women who drink alcohol have an increased risk of breast cancer, compared to women who don't drink, and the risk will increase with the amount of drinks consumed. 7. Consumption of smoking Women who smoke increase their risk of developing breast cancer in non-smoking women.

C. Symptoms 1. Lumps Lumps in the breast can be caused by various diseases, but most are benign lumps. Lumps can also be solid (fibroadenoma / FAM, lipoma, etc.) or filled with fluid (cyst). For benign lumps, actually no treatment is needed. If the lump feels annoying or continues to enlarge, lifting or suctioning can be done if the lump is filled with liquid. 2. Pain Pain can also appear if there is a lump, infection, or cancer in the breast. However, breast cancer rarely causes pain. The pain in the breast often goes away without the need for any treatment. . For pain in the breast occurs for a long time (above 1 month) or can not be lost with pain-reducing drugs, you should consult with a doctor. 3. Both sides of the breast are asymmetrical Because of the presence of tumors or attachment of tumors and chest walls, the breasts can experience changes in volume or shape, this must be watched out and immediately carry out related examinations. 4. Swollen lymph nodes Initial symptoms can be found in swollen lymph nodes in the armpit.

5. Changes to the nipple When the tumor invades the lower area of the nipple or areola, it can cause nipples to experience one-sided deviation, retraction or depression. 6. Changes to the skin The skin of the breast can change like an orange peel, in edema there are pores that have a clear depression, causing the surface of the skin to become uneven, like orange peel. 7. Liquid Exit The discharge from the breast is actually normal (after giving birth) because the breast is a gland that secretes fluid known as breast milk (ASI). If the liquid is mixed with blood, which is usually caused by a benign tumor in the gland of the breast or breast cancer. Fluids that are greenish in color are usually caused by benign lumps. While the liquid that smells & smells fishy is caused by infection in the breast.

D. Management 1. Surgery Surgical procedures performed on breast cancer patients depend on the stage of the disease, type of tumor, age and general health conditions of the patient. Surgical experts can remove the tumor (lumpectomy), remove a portion of the breast containing cancer cells or remove the entire breast (mastectomy). 2. Radiation Therapy Radiation therapy is carried out with high intensity X-rays to kill cancer cells that are not lifted during surgery. 3. Hormone Therapy Hormonal therapy can inhibit hormone-sensitive tumor growth and can be used as complementary therapy after surgery or in the late stages. 4. Chemotherapy Chemotherapy drugs are used either in the early stages or the advanced stages of the disease (can no longer be done surgically). Chemotherapy drugs can be used singly or in combination. One of them is Capecitabine from Roche, an oral anti-cancer drug that is activated by enzymes in cancer cells.

E. Prevention 1. Maintain ideal body weight Weight is closely related to breast cancer risk. Women who are obese after menopause have a risk of breast cancer 20-40 percent higher than those who have weight. Changes in body weight and time of weight gain are thought to be related to the state of the hormone estrogen and insulin in the body. Seeing this risk, maintaining an ideal body weight is one way to prevent breast cancer that you can do. 2. Prioritize eating healthy food A healthy diet with emphasis on the intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts including soybeans, healthy oils, and high antioxidants, can help reduce the risk of breast cancer. Women who have had breast cancer can live better quality, if they avoid fatty foods. Fatty meat, sausages, cream, margarine, butter, and oil are various types of food that should be avoided as a breast cancer prevention effort. 3. Take time to Being physically active can reduce the risk of breast cancer. Conversely, the risk of breast cancer increases in women who have not worked physically for years. The standard for doing moderate intensity exercise (such as cycling and brisk walking) is for 2 hours 30 minutes per week. 4. Stop any smoking habits Those of you who have been smokers still have a risk of breast cancer by 6-9 percent higher than those who have never smoked at all. You can experience worse conditions if you are still actively smoking, which is 7-13 percent more at risk for breast cancer. 5. Limit alcoholic beverages Eating one glass of alcoholic drinks every day can increase the risk of breast cancer by 7-12 percent. The potential for breast cancer will be higher if you drink more than a glass of alcohol per day. This can happen because there is a connection between the level of alcohol and changes in the amount of hormones in the blood. Therefore, reducing alcohol consumption is also one way to prevent breast cancer. Even if possible, it is recommended to stop it altogether. 6. Feeding babies regularly Breastfeeding a baby can help reduce the risk of breast cancer by 22 percent. So far it is not known exactly why breastfeeding can prevent breast cancer. However, it is suspected breastfeeding can help balance hormones, prevent exposure to cancercausing substances, and avoid damage to breast cells.

7. Limiting hormone therapy Hormone therapy is usually done by women associated with menopause. Therapy using the hormones estrogen and progesterone is usually long-term. For this reason, this therapy risks increasing breast cancer. If you really need hormone therapy, consult your doctor so that the hormone levels can be reduced. 8. Avoid exposure to radiation There are a number of things that might expose you to high levels of radiation, such as undergoing a CT scan, working in a health facility that uses radiation, and being exposed to vehicle fumes or chemicals. So, protect yourself from this exposure and avoid it as much as possible.