Reforms 10-26-09

Reform Name Prison Reform

Description

Who were

Movement

What was the Outcome?

People wanted to change

involved? • Dorothea Dix

•

Massachusetts

Special, separate facilities

the prison system in

•

•

Boston

were made for mentally ill

America. People wanted

Temperance

Where did it happen?

Mayor Josiah Quincy

people. Over 100 hospitals

better treatment for

where the mentally ill can

criminals, juvenile

receive professional care

delinquents, and the

were built. Children were

mentally disabled, and a

punished differently than

solution to the

adults in Boston. Prisons

overcrowding and the cruel

used education to change

conditions.

the behavior of criminals.

Reformers felt that alcohol

•

Minister

•

Maine and other

Many people across the

states

country supported the

abuse was causing social

Lyman

problems such as family

Beecher

reform. Some people set

Neal Dow

higher goals such as

violence, poverty, and criminal behavior. The

•

outlawing the sale of

social reform effort urged

alcohol. Selling alcohol

people to stop drinking hard

became illegal in Maine

liquor and to limit the

in1846. A dozen other

drinking beer and wine to

states passed laws that

small amounts. People

banned the sale of alcohol

wanted to outlaw the sale of

by 1855.

Common School

alcohol. The movement called for all

Movement

children to be educated in a

•

Massachusetts

Mann helped improve

•

Throughout the

children’s education. He

common place, regardless

United States,

better funded the teachers

of class or background.

Latin America, and

and schools and he found

School should be available

Europe.

the first school for training

to all children.

•

Horace Mann

teachers. The commonschool movement spread throughout the county and beyond. Other school districts followed Mann’s example, and they

improved education for all children.

Education For Women

Education reformers wanted

•

greater opportunities for women. Women’s

•

Beecher •

education didn’t go beyond grade school, and they

Catharine

•

There weren’t many

African Americans

opportunities for free African Americans. Education was unequal for

•

College-level institutions

Connecticut

for women were founded,

Emma

•

Troy, New York

such as Troy Female

Willard

•

Mount Holyoke

Seminary and Mount

Seminary,

Holyoke Seminary. Oberlin

Massachusetts

College, a co-educational

•

Oberlin College,

college, was started,

•

Ohio Philadelphia,

accepting men and women. African Americans found

Pennsylvania

many educational

Oberlin College,

opportunities. Colleges

Ohio

opened such as Institute for

Mary Lyon

couldn’t go to college.

Education For

Hartford,

James Thomas

•

free African Americans.

Colored Youth and Avery

Only a few college-level

College. A negative effect

institutes would accept

was that African Americans

African Americans.

had to go to separate

Education For The

People began improving the

•

Samuel Howe

•

Massachusetts

schools than white students. Education for the blind and

Disabled

education system for people

•

Thomas

•

Hartford,

deaf was improved.

Connecticut

Howe worked for education

Washington D.C.

for the visually impaired.

with disabilities.

Gallaudet •

Gallaudet worked to improve education for the hearing impaired. Schools and colleges were started for the impaired. An alphabet for the blind was Abolition

Americans worked against

•

John Fairfield

slavery and for the

•

Robert Finley

emancipation of slaves was

emancipation of slaves.

•

William

spread and rejected by the

Garrison

southern states. The

Angelina and

Underground Railroad

They worked to spread the abolition message

•

•

produced. The idea of abolition and

The North

throughout the United States and to free slaves

•

from slavery.

Sarah Grimké

freed many African

Frederick

Americans from slavery.

Douglass •

Harriet Tubman

Women’s Rights

Many female reformers

Reform

worked to improve the rights of women in society.

•

Sojourner

•

Truth The Grimké sisters

•

Women gathered at the Seneca Falls Convention

•

and wrote out their complaints about the state of women’s rights.

Seneca Falls, New

More American women

York

than ever before became

Sojourner

actively involved in efforts

Truth

to attain equal rights.

Elizabeth Stanton

•

•

Lucretia Mott