Reformation Study Guide

Villalobos  I.

II.

III. IV. V.

World History  Study Guide: The Reformation (1517‐1648) Unit 

Test Format: The test format will be objective (multiple choice), identifications, and essay. For the identifications, begin with a brief identification and/or definition and include significance of item, which contains an explanation of why the item is important. For essay, begin with thesis statement, which includes main argument. Topics: 1. Be able to describe the status and character of the Catholic Church just prior to the outbreak of the Reformation, and show how such things contributed to the breakup of Christianity. 2. Outline the major points of contention between Martin Luther and the Church, and show why they did not find a way to compromise and avoid schism. 3. Discuss the various forms Protestantism took and how these groups became dominant in various parts of Europe. 4. Examine the political, social and economic impact of the Reformation and Protestantism on the continent of Europe. 5. Describe the Catholic Reformation; show how it responded to Protestant criticism, and how it created the modern Catholic Church. 6. Discuss important religion-based wars and political developments in Europe during the sixteenth century. 7. Reformation: Religious movement beginning in 1517, which at first sought to reform the Catholic Church. One shortterm cause was Martin Luther and his 95 Theses, which criticized the Church’s practice of indulgence. In addition, there was widespread corruption in the Church including; pope’s authority, the practice nepotism, the selling off Church offices, biblical interpretation, the meaning of salvation, false doctrines, rituals and use of inquisition. It would develop into the Protestant Reformation as “reformed” churches developed and Western Christianity would be split into Catholicism and several Protestant denominations. The first “church” established was the Lutheran Church followed by the Reformed/Presbyterian/Calvinist churches. The unofficial end to the Reformation was with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. The Reformation has lasting social, economic, and political effects. Read and Review Critical Questions handout and copy of essay outlines Read and Review handout on Protestant denominations Possible Identifications:

Protestant John Calvin Indulgence King Henry VIII Christian Humanists Ulrich Zwingli Act of Supremacy Book of Common Prayer VI.

 

Martin Luther Huguenot Recant Theocracy Peasant Revolt Disputation Church of England Inquisition

Peace of Augsburg John Knox Predestination Reformation Justification of Faith Anabaptists Council of Trent Ignatius of Loyola

Possible Essays Questions:

a. b. c. d. e.

 

2008‐2009 

What were the most important precursors to the Protestant Reformation? What charges did reformers level against the Catholic Church in the early sixteenth century? How do you account for the spread of the Reformation? How did the Catholic Church respond to the Reformation? How and why did the English Reformation develop?