Presentation On Sustainable Development Plan For Tsunami Affected Cuddlore,tamil Nadu, India

Sustainable Development Plan for the tsunami Sustainable Development Plan for the tsunami affected  affected coastal stretch of Cuddalore District.

Presented by: db

Department of Planning School of Architecture & Planning , Chennai – 25.

TSUNAMI…the killer wave

“Tsunami Strikes Coastal Tamil Nadu… “…

the Tsunamis that hit Coromandel coast of India on

Sunday were caused by a massive earthquake on the Indian Ocean near Sumatra in Indonesia. Similar waves have hit six other countries, claiming thousands of lives. Tamil Nadu was one of the worst affected due to Tsunami. “

DEC 26, 2004 …

TSUNAMI in TAMILNADU DISTRICTS AFFECTED

NO.OF VILLAGES

POPULATION AFFECTED

HOUSES DAMAGED

NO.OF HUMAN NO.OF LIVES LOST INJURED

AFFECTED CHENNAI

25

65322

17805

206

9

KANCHEEPURAM

44

100000

7043

128

11

6

15600

4147

29

CUDDALORE

51

99704

15200

617

214

VILLUPURAM

33

78240

9500

47

30

NAGAPATTINAM

73

196184

36860

6063

1922

0

0

0

21

0

TANJAVUR

22

29278

3

30

421

KANNIYAKUMARI

33

187650

31175

TUTICORIN

23

30505

735

THIRUNELVELI

10

27948

RAMANATHAPURAM

0

0

THIRUVALLUR

THIRUVARUR

PUDHUKOTTAI TOTAL

Tsunami waves in coastal Tamil Nadu

66350

25 345

630 6 1 896781

0

824

525 0

3

4

4 6

0

15

0

123105

7993

CUDDALORE

6.8-9.10 ph Subbauppalavadi 6.8-9.10 ph Devanampattinam

• the second most affected coastal stretch of the state.  • the tsunami devastation is not uniform along the coast.   g

6.8-9.10 ph Nananedu

1.71 to 6.5 EC

REASONS FOR CHOOSING CUDDALORE

• diversified landform along the stretch. • continuous changing of the geomorphology of the shore line. continuous changing of the geomorphology of the shore line • presence of barrier islands, lagoons & estuaries along the coast line.

6.8-9.10 ph Madalapattu

Vellar estuary Killai 6.55 EC

Pichavaram

Coleroon estuary

AFFECTED COASTAL STRETCH  under study  57.5 km

CHENNAI

PONDICHERRY

CUDDALORE

6 8 9 10 ph 6.8-9.10 h Subbauppalavadi

6.8-9.10 ph Nananedu

1.7 71 to 6.5 EC

6.8-9.10 ph Devanampattinam

TAMIL NADU

6.8-9.10 ph Madalapattu

Vellar estuary Killai 6.55 EC

PICHCHAVARAM Pichavaram

Coleroon estuary

CUDDALORE District: Total population   ‐ 22,85,395 Total area                     3678sq.km. D it Density per sq.km.      620 k 620 Latitute  15°11’‐12°35’ Longitude 78°38’ ‐ 80°

No.of blocks 6 No. of Municipalities  5 No. of Panchayat Union 13 No. of Town Panchayats     16 No. of Village Panchayats    681

The tsunami devastation was not uniform in the entire study area.. Some are were severely, moderately and least affected were severely, moderately and least affected

No. of settlements affected N No. of affected population f ff d l i No. of families affected No. of Persons evacuated Loss of Human Lives

:  26 nos. :  99704 99704 :  11804 :  61054 :  617 Male :  110 Female :  285 Child :  222

PRELUDE – jointstudio FACTS ON TSUNAMI & LITERATURE STUDY IMPACTS OF TSUNAMI ON INDIA

IDENTIFICATION OF STUDY AREA

BASE MAP PREPARATION

PHYSIOGRAPHICAL DATA TOPOSHEET DISASTER ASSESSMENT OF STUDY AREA

SEA WATER INUNDATION DAMAGES TO PROPERTYAND BUILDINGS CHARACTERISTIC OF POST TSUNAMI LANDFORMS RELIEF MEASURES TAKEN

CUDDALORE DISTRICT TSUNAMI DATABASE

LIFE LOSS ASSESSMENT OF SOCIO-CULTURAL/ SOCIO CULTURAL/ PHYSIOLOGICAL &ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK CONNECTIVITY

SECTORAL ANALYSIS SUMMARY OF ANALYSIS

SITE SPECIFIC PROPOSAL

SUSTAINABLE GUIDELINES , MACRO & MICRO LEVEL PROPOSALS

SECTORS •

Demography

•

Physiography

•

Physical Landforms

•

Infrastructure •

Physical

•

Socio ‐ Economic

•

Institutional Framework

•

Connectivity

DEMOGRAPHY Population Data

KILLAI

ARYAGOSTHI

KOTHADAI

VILLAYANALLUR

SULAMBIMANGALAM

PERIYAPATTU

KAYALPATTU

THIRUCHOPURAM M

KUDI KADU

THIYGAVALI

CUDDALORE

ANDARMULLIPALLAM

Change in Occupation Pattern

PACHAVANKUPPAM

Out Migration Severity of Natural Hazards during  the  decade 1981‐91

1971-1981 1981-1991 1991-2001 GUNDUUPPALAVADI

OBSERVATION SFluctuating growth rate

DECADAL POPULATION GROWTH 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10

SUBAUPPALAVADI

Decadal Growth Occupational Pattern Occupational Pattern

DEMOGRPAHY PERCENTAGE INCREASE IN DECADES 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1971-1981

1981-1991

PERCENTAGE INCREASE IN DECADES

Occupation Fishing Agriculture

Observation Decline in Fishing Cultivation in SUBAUPPALVADI  due to change in Occupation Pattern g p Decrease in Agricultural activities

1991-2001

PHYSIOGRAPHIC FEATURES Geotechnical & Natural Hazard zones Geotechnical & Natural Hazard zones

Geomorphology Geohydrology Wind Direction Rainfall Cyclonic Disturbances & Statistics Cyclonic Disturbances & Statistics Cyclone Disaster Zoning Earthquake Hazard zones Wind & Cyclone prone zones Coastal Vulnerability Scale Disaster Assessment Disaster Assessment

PHYSIOGRAPHIC FEATURES

Parameters for landform analysis

Matrix showing comparitive analysis of settlements

1897 409 10 910 1656 2172 1508 766 908 30 30 75 490 1094 676 7276 1212 1989 715

PHYSICAL LANDFORMS

•

Average distance of water inundation along the study area is 350 mts. mts

•

Devastation of man‐made property after 400 mts from HTL is minimal.

•

Settlement, which has elevation more than 3m, had no property damage or human loss.

•

Most of the settlement are near to the coast and parallel to the coast.

•

Cashew, Palms got affected the most, whereas Coconut and Casuarinas got less affected.

•

S l Settlement, which hi h had h d vegetation i and d sand d dune d cover in i front f off it, i had h d less l i impact i front in f off Tsunami. T i

•

Average height of sea waves is between 10 ft and 15 ft and direction of the sea wave is perpendicular to the coast.

•

Bathymetry contour had a role to play in Tsunami devastation. Shallow coastline suffered the most.

•

River mouth openings got closed after Tsunami.

•

The coastal terrain changed after Tsunami varying between +10m to ‐50m.

BASE MAP BASE MAP

CONNECTIVITY • •

EXISTING LINKAGES ‐ ROLE OF CONNECTIVITY d i TSUNAMI ROLE OF CONNECTIVITY during TSUNAMI

•

PROPOSAL

EXISTING LINKAGES ROADWAYS WATER WAYS

ROLE OF CONNECTIVITY SOTHTHIKUPPAM SINGARATHOPPU

NEED FOR BETTER CONNECTIVITY FIRST LEVEL EVACUATION CENTRES NODAL CENTRES

This was a low lying area, flat terrain, with not  much vegetation in the front.  The settlement was more like an island.  The tsunami water inundation was high in this  place. Hence by landform analysis, it lies under a risk  zone. But the death toll for this place ,  happened to be nothing happened to be nothing.  Presence of a Connecting Bridge saved.

devanampattinam

singarathoppu

soththikuppam

CASE 1: SINGARATHOPPU CASE 1:  SINGARATHOPPU

MGR thittu

The entire settlement is located in a level  higher than the mean sea level. And it also  had a fantastic tree belt in front of their had a fantastic tree belt in front of their  residence .  By our landform analysis, all these features  should have saved the settlement. But the death toll for these settlements is  23. Period.  Absence of a connecting bridge to the main  land

CASE 2 : SOTHTHIKUPPAM

INFERENCES: The settlements with better connectivity  suffered less loss. Better connectivity in terms of roads  facilitated immediate relief measures. Movement assessment: the movement during Tsunami was mostly  away from the sea. That is a horizontal  movement perpendicular to the coast movement perpendicular to the coast.

GUIDELINES FOR PROPOSALS EVACUATION CENTRES: EVACUATION CENTRES: NODAL CENTRES: ROAD RE – ALIGNMENT

GUIDELINES FOR PROPOSALS EVACUATION CENTRES: Immediate evacuation centres in each settlement within reachable distance,at the same time at a safer distance.  These are high rised structures or structures present in a highly elevated land. Existing structures like school or a community hall is identified for the purpose.

NODAL CENTRES: Among the 26 settlements, few settlements are identified as NODAL CENTRES  based on the following parameters : a, Population size P l ti i b. Degree of Connectivity c. Facilities available. d. Locational Advantage e. Safety factor. These are the rehabilitation centers at next higher order. These are the rehabilitation centers at next higher order.  Each of such settlement takes charge of few other hamlets, within the given distance. These centers take care of : Road connectivity Economic connectivity Socio‐cultural connectivity   and Communication facilities

ROAD RE – ALIGNMENT The East Coast Road is either directly or indirectly connected to each settlement. The linking distance varies from1 km to 6 km. h d i i h di l i di l d h l h li ki di i f k 6 k the higher  h hi h order road, did had a role to perform during a disaster. And since horizontality is followed in connectivity settlement, there should be a  vertical road, parallel to the coast, connecting all these which would lead to CUDDALORE or CHIDAMBARAM.11

SOCIO‐ECONOMIC SOCIO ECONOMIC ASPECTS ASPECTS • • • •

Lifestyle Pattern Economic Aspects Economic Aspects Social & Economical Impacts Coastal Realities

Study of Socio‐Economic Pattern on Tsunami  Study of Socio Economic Pattern on Tsunami Impact

• Assessment of Damages •

People’s Perception

Analysis of Existing Situation POOR 40%

WELL OFF 60%

Identification of Issues &  Problems

LIFE STYLE

40%

WELL OFF POOR 60%

Formulation of Strategies

INSTITITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK • •

Hierarchy of Existing Institutional Setup The Relief Efforts The Relief Efforts – – –

The Central Government The state Government Non – Governmental  Organiosations • • •

•

Immediate Short Term Measures Middle Term Measures Long Term Measures

Observations & Issues

SPECIFIC AREA ACTION PLAN

PUDUKUPPAM Kottadai panchayat Chidambaram Taluk Total Population 1389 Ground Water 10’ – 15’

TSUNAMI @ 0 Hr

DAMAGE ASSESSMENT POST TSUNAMI

DAMAGE ASSESSMENT • AFFECTED POPULATION     =    1094 • HOUSES AFFECTED  =  359 (TOTAL) • FULLY AFFECTED HOUSES     =      86 • PARTIALLY AFFECTED            =     273 PARTIALLY AFFECTED = 273 • NO. OF BOATS AFFECTED      =       48 • AREA AFFECTED = 1.5KM FROM HTL • LIFE LOST     ‐ 103 INHABITANT               76 OUTSIDERS • COASTAL EROSION BY 6M ‐ 8M • APPRX. 160 KUTCHA HOUSES OF FISHERMEN SWEPT AWAY • 48 BOATS OF THE VILLAGE GOT DAMAGED • FISH PROCESSING FACTORY GOT WASHED AWAY • BREAKS IN BLACK TOP ROADS • SALINITY IN GROUND WATER

PROPOSAL

WORK SHELTER

OUR SINCERE THANKS TO  SINCERE THANKS TO PROF.S.RAVI,DR.S.P.SEKAR, ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI ANNA UNIVERSITY,CHENNAI , PROF.SHOVAN.K.SAHA AND ALL STAFF MEMBERS OF SPA,DELHI  FOR HAVING MADE THIS JOINT STUDIO A SUCCESS FOR HAVING MADE THIS JOINT STUDIO A SUCCESS