Phonology - Allophone.pptx

ALLOPHONE Mhd Rifandi Hrp 0304162111

DEFINITION OF ALLOPHONE Allophone is one of a set of multiple possible spoken sounds or signs used to pronounce a single phoneme in a particular language1. 1

. Philip Carr. 1993. Phonology. London: The macmillan press ltd

KINDS of ALLOPHONES

Free variation allophones Complementary distribution allophones

FREE VARIATION ALLOPHONES Where the use of a particular allophone overlaps with the use of others. Two sounds are used indiscriminately in different phonetic contexts.2 2

. April, Mc Mahon. An Introduction to English Phonology. Edinburgh University Press.

Examples: - In utterance-final position, there is free variation between unreleased and aspirated plosives, as demonstrated below: [hQt|] ‘hat’ [hQtH] ‘hat’ - In the word ‘data’, there Is free varIatIon between the phonemes /eJ/ and /Q/, as demonstrated below: [deJR«] ‘data’ [dQR«] ‘data’

COMPLEMENTARY DISTRIBUTION ALLOPHONES Two allophones are in complementary distribution if the contexts in which they appear do not overlap. Two sounds are never used in the same phonetic context.3 3

. David Odden. Introducing Phonology. Department of Linguistics Ohio State University. Cambridge university press.

Examples: The phones [p] and [pH] are in complementary distribution. [pH] occurs syllable-initially in a stressed syllable, but [p] never does, as demonstrated here:

References: April, Mc Mahon. An Introduction to English Phonology. Edinburgh University Press. Szilágyi László. 2014. Put English Phonetics into Practice. Beregszász.

David Odden. Introducing Phonology. Department of Linguistics Ohio State University. Cambridge University Press. Chris McCully. 2009. The Sound Structure of English. New York: United States of America by Cambridge University Press. David Odden. Introducing Phonology. Cambridge University Press.

Heinz J. Giegerich. English Phonology An Introduction. Cambridge University Press. John Clark, Colin Yallop and Janet Fletcher. An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology

Third Edition. Blackwell Publishing. Mehmet Yavas. Applied English Phonology Second Edition. Wiley-Blackwell. Pamela Rogerson. English Phonology and Pronunciation Teaching. Bloomsbury.

Paul de Lacy. 2007. The Cambridge Handbook of Phonology. Cambridge University Press. Peter Roach. English Phonetics and Phonology Third Edition. Cambridge University Press. Peter Roach. English Phonetics and Phonology Fourth Edition . Cambridge University Press. Philip Carr. 1993. Phonology. London: The Macmillan Press ltd. Philip Carr. 1999. English Phonetics and Phonology An Introduction. Wiley-Blackwell. Soenjono Dardjowidjojo. English Phonetics and Phonology for Indonesians. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.